I386LINUX/util/I386LINUX/doc/postgresql/html/tutorial-sql.html

   1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
   2 <HTML
   3 ><HEAD
   4 ><TITLE
   5 >The SQL Language</TITLE
   6 ><META
   7 NAME="GENERATOR"
   8 CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7"><LINK
   9 REV="MADE"
  10 HREF="mailto:pgsql-docs@postgresql.org"><LINK
  11 REL="HOME"
  12 TITLE="PostgreSQL 7.4.1 Documentation"
  13 HREF="index.html"><LINK
  14 REL="UP"
  15 TITLE="Tutorial"
  16 HREF="tutorial.html"><LINK
  17 REL="PREVIOUS"
  18 TITLE="Accessing a Database"
  19 HREF="tutorial-accessdb.html"><LINK
  20 REL="NEXT"
  21 TITLE="Concepts"
  22 HREF="tutorial-concepts.html"><LINK
  23 REL="STYLESHEET"
  24 TYPE="text/css"
  25 HREF="stylesheet.css"><META
  26 NAME="creation"
  27 CONTENT="2003-12-22T03:48:47"></HEAD
  28 ><BODY
  29 CLASS="CHAPTER"
  30 ><DIV
  31 CLASS="NAVHEADER"
  32 ><TABLE
  33 SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
  34 WIDTH="100%"
  35 BORDER="0"
  36 CELLPADDING="0"
  37 CELLSPACING="0"
  38 ><TR
  39 ><TH
  40 COLSPAN="5"
  41 ALIGN="center"
  42 VALIGN="bottom"
  43 >PostgreSQL 7.4.1 Documentation</TH
  44 ></TR
  45 ><TR
  46 ><TD
  47 WIDTH="10%"
  48 ALIGN="left"
  49 VALIGN="top"
  50 ><A
  51 HREF="tutorial-accessdb.html"
  52 ACCESSKEY="P"
  53 >Prev</A
  54 ></TD
  55 ><TD
  56 WIDTH="10%"
  57 ALIGN="left"
  58 VALIGN="top"
  59 ><A
  60 HREF="tutorial-start.html"
  61 >Fast Backward</A
  62 ></TD
  63 ><TD
  64 WIDTH="60%"
  65 ALIGN="center"
  66 VALIGN="bottom"
  67 ></TD
  68 ><TD
  69 WIDTH="10%"
  70 ALIGN="right"
  71 VALIGN="top"
  72 ><A
  73 HREF="tutorial-advanced.html"
  74 >Fast Forward</A
  75 ></TD
  76 ><TD
  77 WIDTH="10%"
  78 ALIGN="right"
  79 VALIGN="top"
  80 ><A
  81 HREF="tutorial-concepts.html"
  82 ACCESSKEY="N"
  83 >Next</A
  84 ></TD
  85 ></TR
  86 ></TABLE
  87 ><HR
  88 ALIGN="LEFT"
  89 WIDTH="100%"></DIV
  90 ><DIV
  91 CLASS="CHAPTER"
  92 ><H1
  93 ><A
  94 NAME="TUTORIAL-SQL"
  95 ></A
  96 >Chapter 2. The <ACRONYM
  97 CLASS="ACRONYM"
  98 >SQL</ACRONYM
  99 > Language</H1
 100 ><DIV
 101 CLASS="TOC"
 102 ><DL
 103 ><DT
 104 ><B
 105 >Table of Contents</B
 106 ></DT
 107 ><DT
 108 >2.1. <A
 109 HREF="tutorial-sql.html#TUTORIAL-SQL-INTRO"
 110 >Introduction</A
 111 ></DT
 112 ><DT
 113 >2.2. <A
 114 HREF="tutorial-concepts.html"
 115 >Concepts</A
 116 ></DT
 117 ><DT
 118 >2.3. <A
 119 HREF="tutorial-table.html"
 120 >Creating a New Table</A
 121 ></DT
 122 ><DT
 123 >2.4. <A
 124 HREF="tutorial-populate.html"
 125 >Populating a Table With Rows</A
 126 ></DT
 127 ><DT
 128 >2.5. <A
 129 HREF="tutorial-select.html"
 130 >Querying a Table</A
 131 ></DT
 132 ><DT
 133 >2.6. <A
 134 HREF="tutorial-join.html"
 135 >Joins Between Tables</A
 136 ></DT
 137 ><DT
 138 >2.7. <A
 139 HREF="tutorial-agg.html"
 140 >Aggregate Functions</A
 141 ></DT
 142 ><DT
 143 >2.8. <A
 144 HREF="tutorial-update.html"
 145 >Updates</A
 146 ></DT
 147 ><DT
 148 >2.9. <A
 149 HREF="tutorial-delete.html"
 150 >Deletions</A
 151 ></DT
 152 ></DL
 153 ></DIV
 154 ><DIV
 155 CLASS="SECT1"
 156 ><H1
 157 CLASS="SECT1"
 158 ><A
 159 NAME="TUTORIAL-SQL-INTRO"
 160 >2.1. Introduction</A
 161 ></H1
 162 ><P
 163 >    This chapter provides an overview of how to use
 164     <ACRONYM
 165 CLASS="ACRONYM"
 166 >SQL</ACRONYM
 167 > to perform simple operations.  This
 168     tutorial is only intended to give you an introduction and is in no
 169     way a complete tutorial on <ACRONYM
 170 CLASS="ACRONYM"
 171 >SQL</ACRONYM
 172 >.  Numerous books
 173     have been written on <ACRONYM
 174 CLASS="ACRONYM"
 175 >SQL</ACRONYM
 176 >, including <A
 177 HREF="biblio.html#MELT93"
 178 ><I
 179 >Understanding the New <ACRONYM
 180 CLASS="ACRONYM"
 181 >SQL</ACRONYM
 182 ></I
 183 ></A
 184 > and <A
 185 HREF="biblio.html#DATE97"
 186 ><I
 187 >A Guide to the <ACRONYM
 188 CLASS="ACRONYM"
 189 >SQL</ACRONYM
 190 > Standard</I
 191 ></A
 192 >.
 193     You should be aware that some <SPAN
 194 CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
 195 >PostgreSQL</SPAN
 196 >
 197     language features are extensions to the standard.
 198    </P
 199 ><P
 200 >    In the examples that follow, we assume that you have created a
 201     database named <TT
 202 CLASS="LITERAL"
 203 >mydb</TT
 204 >, as described in the previous
 205     chapter, and have started <SPAN
 206 CLASS="APPLICATION"
 207 >psql</SPAN
 208 >.
 209    </P
 210 ><P
 211 >    Examples in this manual can also be found in the
 212     <SPAN
 213 CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
 214 >PostgreSQL</SPAN
 215 > source distribution
 216     in the directory <TT
 217 CLASS="FILENAME"
 218 >src/tutorial/</TT
 219 >.  Refer to the
 220     <TT
 221 CLASS="FILENAME"
 222 >README</TT
 223 > file in that directory for how to use
 224     them.  To start the tutorial, do the following:
 225
 226 </P><PRE
 227 CLASS="SCREEN"
 228 ><SAMP
 229 CLASS="PROMPT"
 230 >$</SAMP
 231 > <KBD
 232 CLASS="USERINPUT"
 233 >cd <VAR
 234 CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
 235 >....</VAR
 236 >/src/tutorial</KBD
 237 >
 238 <SAMP
 239 CLASS="PROMPT"
 240 >$</SAMP
 241 > <KBD
 242 CLASS="USERINPUT"
 243 >psql -s mydb</KBD
 244 >
 245 <SAMP
 246 CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
 247 >...</SAMP
 248 >
 249
 250 <SAMP
 251 CLASS="PROMPT"
 252 >mydb=&gt;</SAMP
 253 > <KBD
 254 CLASS="USERINPUT"
 255 >\i basics.sql</KBD
 256 ></PRE
 257 ><P>
 258
 259     The <TT
 260 CLASS="LITERAL"
 261 >\i</TT
 262 > command reads in commands from the
 263     specified file. The <TT
 264 CLASS="LITERAL"
 265 >-s</TT
 266 > option puts you in
 267     single step mode which pauses before sending each statement to the
 268     server.  The commands used in this section are in the file
 269     <TT
 270 CLASS="FILENAME"
 271 >basics.sql</TT
 272 >.
 273    </P
 274 ></DIV
 275 ></DIV
 276 ><DIV
 277 CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
 278 ><HR
 279 ALIGN="LEFT"
 280 WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
 281 SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
 282 WIDTH="100%"
 283 BORDER="0"
 284 CELLPADDING="0"
 285 CELLSPACING="0"
 286 ><TR
 287 ><TD
 288 WIDTH="33%"
 289 ALIGN="left"
 290 VALIGN="top"
 291 ><A
 292 HREF="tutorial-accessdb.html"
 293 ACCESSKEY="P"
 294 >Prev</A
 295 ></TD
 296 ><TD
 297 WIDTH="34%"
 298 ALIGN="center"
 299 VALIGN="top"
 300 ><A
 301 HREF="index.html"
 302 ACCESSKEY="H"
 303 >Home</A
 304 ></TD
 305 ><TD
 306 WIDTH="33%"
 307 ALIGN="right"
 308 VALIGN="top"
 309 ><A
 310 HREF="tutorial-concepts.html"
 311 ACCESSKEY="N"
 312 >Next</A
 313 ></TD
 314 ></TR
 315 ><TR
 316 ><TD
 317 WIDTH="33%"
 318 ALIGN="left"
 319 VALIGN="top"
 320 >Accessing a Database</TD
 321 ><TD
 322 WIDTH="34%"
 323 ALIGN="center"
 324 VALIGN="top"
 325 ><A
 326 HREF="tutorial.html"
 327 ACCESSKEY="U"
 328 >Up</A
 329 ></TD
 330 ><TD
 331 WIDTH="33%"
 332 ALIGN="right"
 333 VALIGN="top"
 334 >Concepts</TD
 335 ></TR
 336 ></TABLE
 337 ></DIV
 338 ></BODY
 339 ></HTML
 340 >