builtin/grep.c

   1 /*
   2  * Builtin "git grep"
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (c) 2006 Junio C Hamano
   5  */
   6 #include "cache.h"
   7 #include "blob.h"
   8 #include "tree.h"
   9 #include "commit.h"
  10 #include "tag.h"
  11 #include "tree-walk.h"
  12 #include "builtin.h"
  13 #include "parse-options.h"
  14 #include "string-list.h"
  15 #include "run-command.h"
  16 #include "userdiff.h"
  17 #include "grep.h"
  18 #include "quote.h"
  19 #include "dir.h"
  20 #include "pathspec.h"
  21 #include "submodule.h"
  22 #include "submodule-config.h"
  23
  24 static char const * const grep_usage[] = {
  25         N_("git grep [<options>] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"),
  26         NULL
  27 };
  28
  29 static const char *super_prefix;
  30 static int recurse_submodules;
  31 static struct argv_array submodule_options = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
  32 static const char *parent_basename;
  33
  34 static int grep_submodule_launch(struct grep_opt *opt,
  35                                  const struct grep_source *gs);
  36
  37 #define GREP_NUM_THREADS_DEFAULT 8
  38 static int num_threads;
  39
  40 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
  41 static pthread_t *threads;
  42
  43 /* We use one producer thread and THREADS consumer
  44  * threads. The producer adds struct work_items to 'todo' and the
  45  * consumers pick work items from the same array.
  46  */
  47 struct work_item {
  48         struct grep_source source;
  49         char done;
  50         struct strbuf out;
  51 };
  52
  53 /* In the range [todo_done, todo_start) in 'todo' we have work_items
  54  * that have been or are processed by a consumer thread. We haven't
  55  * written the result for these to stdout yet.
  56  *
  57  * The work_items in [todo_start, todo_end) are waiting to be picked
  58  * up by a consumer thread.
  59  *
  60  * The ranges are modulo TODO_SIZE.
  61  */
  62 #define TODO_SIZE 128
  63 static struct work_item todo[TODO_SIZE];
  64 static int todo_start;
  65 static int todo_end;
  66 static int todo_done;
  67
  68 /* Has all work items been added? */
  69 static int all_work_added;
  70
  71 /* This lock protects all the variables above. */
  72 static pthread_mutex_t grep_mutex;
  73
  74 static inline void grep_lock(void)
  75 {
  76         assert(num_threads);
  77         pthread_mutex_lock(&grep_mutex);
  78 }
  79
  80 static inline void grep_unlock(void)
  81 {
  82         assert(num_threads);
  83         pthread_mutex_unlock(&grep_mutex);
  84 }
  85
  86 /* Signalled when a new work_item is added to todo. */
  87 static pthread_cond_t cond_add;
  88
  89 /* Signalled when the result from one work_item is written to
  90  * stdout.
  91  */
  92 static pthread_cond_t cond_write;
  93
  94 /* Signalled when we are finished with everything. */
  95 static pthread_cond_t cond_result;
  96
  97 static int skip_first_line;
  98
  99 static void add_work(struct grep_opt *opt, enum grep_source_type type,
 100                      const char *name, const char *path, const void *id)
 101 {
 102         grep_lock();
 103
 104         while ((todo_end+1) % ARRAY_SIZE(todo) == todo_done) {
 105                 pthread_cond_wait(&cond_write, &grep_mutex);
 106         }
 107
 108         grep_source_init(&todo[todo_end].source, type, name, path, id);
 109         if (opt->binary != GREP_BINARY_TEXT)
 110                 grep_source_load_driver(&todo[todo_end].source);
 111         todo[todo_end].done = 0;
 112         strbuf_reset(&todo[todo_end].out);
 113         todo_end = (todo_end + 1) % ARRAY_SIZE(todo);
 114
 115         pthread_cond_signal(&cond_add);
 116         grep_unlock();
 117 }
 118
 119 static struct work_item *get_work(void)
 120 {
 121         struct work_item *ret;
 122
 123         grep_lock();
 124         while (todo_start == todo_end && !all_work_added) {
 125                 pthread_cond_wait(&cond_add, &grep_mutex);
 126         }
 127
 128         if (todo_start == todo_end && all_work_added) {
 129                 ret = NULL;
 130         } else {
 131                 ret = &todo[todo_start];
 132                 todo_start = (todo_start + 1) % ARRAY_SIZE(todo);
 133         }
 134         grep_unlock();
 135         return ret;
 136 }
 137
 138 static void work_done(struct work_item *w)
 139 {
 140         int old_done;
 141
 142         grep_lock();
 143         w->done = 1;
 144         old_done = todo_done;
 145         for(; todo[todo_done].done && todo_done != todo_start;
 146             todo_done = (todo_done+1) % ARRAY_SIZE(todo)) {
 147                 w = &todo[todo_done];
 148                 if (w->out.len) {
 149                         const char *p = w->out.buf;
 150                         size_t len = w->out.len;
 151
 152                         /* Skip the leading hunk mark of the first file. */
 153                         if (skip_first_line) {
 154                                 while (len) {
 155                                         len--;
 156                                         if (*p++ == '\n')
 157                                                 break;
 158                                 }
 159                                 skip_first_line = 0;
 160                         }
 161
 162                         write_or_die(1, p, len);
 163                 }
 164                 grep_source_clear(&w->source);
 165         }
 166
 167         if (old_done != todo_done)
 168                 pthread_cond_signal(&cond_write);
 169
 170         if (all_work_added && todo_done == todo_end)
 171                 pthread_cond_signal(&cond_result);
 172
 173         grep_unlock();
 174 }
 175
 176 static void *run(void *arg)
 177 {
 178         int hit = 0;
 179         struct grep_opt *opt = arg;
 180
 181         while (1) {
 182                 struct work_item *w = get_work();
 183                 if (!w)
 184                         break;
 185
 186                 opt->output_priv = w;
 187                 if (w->source.type == GREP_SOURCE_SUBMODULE)
 188                         hit |= grep_submodule_launch(opt, &w->source);
 189                 else
 190                         hit |= grep_source(opt, &w->source);
 191                 grep_source_clear_data(&w->source);
 192                 work_done(w);
 193         }
 194         free_grep_patterns(arg);
 195         free(arg);
 196
 197         return (void*) (intptr_t) hit;
 198 }
 199
 200 static void strbuf_out(struct grep_opt *opt, const void *buf, size_t size)
 201 {
 202         struct work_item *w = opt->output_priv;
 203         strbuf_add(&w->out, buf, size);
 204 }
 205
 206 static void start_threads(struct grep_opt *opt)
 207 {
 208         int i;
 209
 210         pthread_mutex_init(&grep_mutex, NULL);
 211         pthread_mutex_init(&grep_read_mutex, NULL);
 212         pthread_mutex_init(&grep_attr_mutex, NULL);
 213         pthread_cond_init(&cond_add, NULL);
 214         pthread_cond_init(&cond_write, NULL);
 215         pthread_cond_init(&cond_result, NULL);
 216         grep_use_locks = 1;
 217
 218         for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(todo); i++) {
 219                 strbuf_init(&todo[i].out, 0);
 220         }
 221
 222         threads = xcalloc(num_threads, sizeof(*threads));
 223         for (i = 0; i < num_threads; i++) {
 224                 int err;
 225                 struct grep_opt *o = grep_opt_dup(opt);
 226                 o->output = strbuf_out;
 227                 o->debug = 0;
 228                 compile_grep_patterns(o);
 229                 err = pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, run, o);
 230
 231                 if (err)
 232                         die(_("grep: failed to create thread: %s"),
 233                             strerror(err));
 234         }
 235 }
 236
 237 static int wait_all(void)
 238 {
 239         int hit = 0;
 240         int i;
 241
 242         grep_lock();
 243         all_work_added = 1;
 244
 245         /* Wait until all work is done. */
 246         while (todo_done != todo_end)
 247                 pthread_cond_wait(&cond_result, &grep_mutex);
 248
 249         /* Wake up all the consumer threads so they can see that there
 250          * is no more work to do.
 251          */
 252         pthread_cond_broadcast(&cond_add);
 253         grep_unlock();
 254
 255         for (i = 0; i < num_threads; i++) {
 256                 void *h;
 257                 pthread_join(threads[i], &h);
 258                 hit |= (int) (intptr_t) h;
 259         }
 260
 261         free(threads);
 262
 263         pthread_mutex_destroy(&grep_mutex);
 264         pthread_mutex_destroy(&grep_read_mutex);
 265         pthread_mutex_destroy(&grep_attr_mutex);
 266         pthread_cond_destroy(&cond_add);
 267         pthread_cond_destroy(&cond_write);
 268         pthread_cond_destroy(&cond_result);
 269         grep_use_locks = 0;
 270
 271         return hit;
 272 }
 273 #else /* !NO_PTHREADS */
 274
 275 static int wait_all(void)
 276 {
 277         return 0;
 278 }
 279 #endif
 280
 281 static int grep_cmd_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 282 {
 283         int st = grep_config(var, value, cb);
 284         if (git_color_default_config(var, value, cb) < 0)
 285                 st = -1;
 286
 287         if (!strcmp(var, "grep.threads")) {
 288                 num_threads = git_config_int(var, value);
 289                 if (num_threads < 0)
 290                         die(_("invalid number of threads specified (%d) for %s"),
 291                             num_threads, var);
 292 #ifdef NO_PTHREADS
 293                 else if (num_threads && num_threads != 1) {
 294                         /*
 295                          * TRANSLATORS: %s is the configuration
 296                          * variable for tweaking threads, currently
 297                          * grep.threads
 298                          */
 299                         warning(_("no threads support, ignoring %s"), var);
 300                         num_threads = 0;
 301                 }
 302 #endif
 303         }
 304
 305         return st;
 306 }
 307
 308 static void *lock_and_read_oid_file(const struct object_id *oid, enum object_type *type, unsigned long *size)
 309 {
 310         void *data;
 311
 312         grep_read_lock();
 313         data = read_sha1_file(oid->hash, type, size);
 314         grep_read_unlock();
 315         return data;
 316 }
 317
 318 static int grep_oid(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct object_id *oid,
 319                      const char *filename, int tree_name_len,
 320                      const char *path)
 321 {
 322         struct strbuf pathbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 323
 324         if (super_prefix) {
 325                 strbuf_add(&pathbuf, filename, tree_name_len);
 326                 strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, super_prefix);
 327                 strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, filename + tree_name_len);
 328         } else {
 329                 strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, filename);
 330         }
 331
 332         if (opt->relative && opt->prefix_length) {
 333                 char *name = strbuf_detach(&pathbuf, NULL);
 334                 quote_path_relative(name + tree_name_len, opt->prefix, &pathbuf);
 335                 strbuf_insert(&pathbuf, 0, name, tree_name_len);
 336                 free(name);
 337         }
 338
 339 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 340         if (num_threads) {
 341                 add_work(opt, GREP_SOURCE_SHA1, pathbuf.buf, path, oid);
 342                 strbuf_release(&pathbuf);
 343                 return 0;
 344         } else
 345 #endif
 346         {
 347                 struct grep_source gs;
 348                 int hit;
 349
 350                 grep_source_init(&gs, GREP_SOURCE_SHA1, pathbuf.buf, path, oid);
 351                 strbuf_release(&pathbuf);
 352                 hit = grep_source(opt, &gs);
 353
 354                 grep_source_clear(&gs);
 355                 return hit;
 356         }
 357 }
 358
 359 static int grep_file(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *filename)
 360 {
 361         struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 362
 363         if (super_prefix)
 364                 strbuf_addstr(&buf, super_prefix);
 365         strbuf_addstr(&buf, filename);
 366
 367         if (opt->relative && opt->prefix_length) {
 368                 char *name = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 369                 quote_path_relative(name, opt->prefix, &buf);
 370                 free(name);
 371         }
 372
 373 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 374         if (num_threads) {
 375                 add_work(opt, GREP_SOURCE_FILE, buf.buf, filename, filename);
 376                 strbuf_release(&buf);
 377                 return 0;
 378         } else
 379 #endif
 380         {
 381                 struct grep_source gs;
 382                 int hit;
 383
 384                 grep_source_init(&gs, GREP_SOURCE_FILE, buf.buf, filename, filename);
 385                 strbuf_release(&buf);
 386                 hit = grep_source(opt, &gs);
 387
 388                 grep_source_clear(&gs);
 389                 return hit;
 390         }
 391 }
 392
 393 static void append_path(struct grep_opt *opt, const void *data, size_t len)
 394 {
 395         struct string_list *path_list = opt->output_priv;
 396
 397         if (len == 1 && *(const char *)data == '\0')
 398                 return;
 399         string_list_append(path_list, xstrndup(data, len));
 400 }
 401
 402 static void run_pager(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *prefix)
 403 {
 404         struct string_list *path_list = opt->output_priv;
 405         struct child_process child = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 406         int i, status;
 407
 408         for (i = 0; i < path_list->nr; i++)
 409                 argv_array_push(&child.args, path_list->items[i].string);
 410         child.dir = prefix;
 411         child.use_shell = 1;
 412
 413         status = run_command(&child);
 414         if (status)
 415                 exit(status);
 416 }
 417
 418 static void compile_submodule_options(const struct grep_opt *opt,
 419                                       const char **argv,
 420                                       int cached, int untracked,
 421                                       int opt_exclude, int use_index,
 422                                       int pattern_type_arg)
 423 {
 424         struct grep_pat *pattern;
 425
 426         if (recurse_submodules)
 427                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "--recurse-submodules");
 428
 429         if (cached)
 430                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "--cached");
 431         if (!use_index)
 432                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "--no-index");
 433         if (untracked)
 434                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "--untracked");
 435         if (opt_exclude > 0)
 436                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "--exclude-standard");
 437
 438         if (opt->invert)
 439                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-v");
 440         if (opt->ignore_case)
 441                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-i");
 442         if (opt->word_regexp)
 443                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-w");
 444         switch (opt->binary) {
 445         case GREP_BINARY_NOMATCH:
 446                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-I");
 447                 break;
 448         case GREP_BINARY_TEXT:
 449                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-a");
 450                 break;
 451         default:
 452                 break;
 453         }
 454         if (opt->allow_textconv)
 455                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "--textconv");
 456         if (opt->max_depth != -1)
 457                 argv_array_pushf(&submodule_options, "--max-depth=%d",
 458                                  opt->max_depth);
 459         if (opt->linenum)
 460                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-n");
 461         if (!opt->pathname)
 462                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-h");
 463         if (!opt->relative)
 464                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "--full-name");
 465         if (opt->name_only)
 466                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-l");
 467         if (opt->unmatch_name_only)
 468                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-L");
 469         if (opt->null_following_name)
 470                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-z");
 471         if (opt->count)
 472                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-c");
 473         if (opt->file_break)
 474                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "--break");
 475         if (opt->heading)
 476                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "--heading");
 477         if (opt->pre_context)
 478                 argv_array_pushf(&submodule_options, "--before-context=%d",
 479                                  opt->pre_context);
 480         if (opt->post_context)
 481                 argv_array_pushf(&submodule_options, "--after-context=%d",
 482                                  opt->post_context);
 483         if (opt->funcname)
 484                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-p");
 485         if (opt->funcbody)
 486                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-W");
 487         if (opt->all_match)
 488                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "--all-match");
 489         if (opt->debug)
 490                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "--debug");
 491         if (opt->status_only)
 492                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-q");
 493
 494         switch (pattern_type_arg) {
 495         case GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_BRE:
 496                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-G");
 497                 break;
 498         case GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_ERE:
 499                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-E");
 500                 break;
 501         case GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_FIXED:
 502                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-F");
 503                 break;
 504         case GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_PCRE:
 505                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-P");
 506                 break;
 507         case GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED:
 508                 break;
 509         default:
 510                 die("BUG: Added a new grep pattern type without updating switch statement");
 511         }
 512
 513         for (pattern = opt->pattern_list; pattern != NULL;
 514              pattern = pattern->next) {
 515                 switch (pattern->token) {
 516                 case GREP_PATTERN:
 517                         argv_array_pushf(&submodule_options, "-e%s",
 518                                          pattern->pattern);
 519                         break;
 520                 case GREP_AND:
 521                 case GREP_OPEN_PAREN:
 522                 case GREP_CLOSE_PAREN:
 523                 case GREP_NOT:
 524                 case GREP_OR:
 525                         argv_array_push(&submodule_options, pattern->pattern);
 526                         break;
 527                 /* BODY and HEAD are not used by git-grep */
 528                 case GREP_PATTERN_BODY:
 529                 case GREP_PATTERN_HEAD:
 530                         break;
 531                 }
 532         }
 533
 534         /*
 535          * Limit number of threads for child process to use.
 536          * This is to prevent potential fork-bomb behavior of git-grep as each
 537          * submodule process has its own thread pool.
 538          */
 539         argv_array_pushf(&submodule_options, "--threads=%d",
 540                          (num_threads + 1) / 2);
 541
 542         /* Add Pathspecs */
 543         argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "--");
 544         for (; *argv; argv++)
 545                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, *argv);
 546 }
 547
 548 /*
 549  * Launch child process to grep contents of a submodule
 550  */
 551 static int grep_submodule_launch(struct grep_opt *opt,
 552                                  const struct grep_source *gs)
 553 {
 554         struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 555         int status, i;
 556         const char *end_of_base;
 557         const char *name;
 558         struct strbuf child_output = STRBUF_INIT;
 559
 560         end_of_base = strchr(gs->name, ':');
 561         if (gs->identifier && end_of_base)
 562                 name = end_of_base + 1;
 563         else
 564                 name = gs->name;
 565
 566         prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
 567         argv_array_push(&cp.env_array, GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
 568
 569         if (opt->relative && opt->prefix_length)
 570                 argv_array_pushf(&cp.env_array, "%s=%s",
 571                                  GIT_TOPLEVEL_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT,
 572                                  opt->prefix);
 573
 574         /* Add super prefix */
 575         argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "--super-prefix=%s%s/",
 576                          super_prefix ? super_prefix : "",
 577                          name);
 578         argv_array_push(&cp.args, "grep");
 579
 580         /*
 581          * Add basename of parent project
 582          * When performing grep on a tree object the filename is prefixed
 583          * with the object's name: 'tree-name:filename'.  In order to
 584          * provide uniformity of output we want to pass the name of the
 585          * parent project's object name to the submodule so the submodule can
 586          * prefix its output with the parent's name and not its own SHA1.
 587          */
 588         if (gs->identifier && end_of_base)
 589                 argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "--parent-basename=%.*s",
 590                                  (int) (end_of_base - gs->name),
 591                                  gs->name);
 592
 593         /* Add options */
 594         for (i = 0; i < submodule_options.argc; i++) {
 595                 /*
 596                  * If there is a tree identifier for the submodule, add the
 597                  * rev after adding the submodule options but before the
 598                  * pathspecs.  To do this we listen for the '--' and insert the
 599                  * sha1 before pushing the '--' onto the child process argv
 600                  * array.
 601                  */
 602                 if (gs->identifier &&
 603                     !strcmp("--", submodule_options.argv[i])) {
 604                         argv_array_push(&cp.args, sha1_to_hex(gs->identifier));
 605                 }
 606
 607                 argv_array_push(&cp.args, submodule_options.argv[i]);
 608         }
 609
 610         cp.git_cmd = 1;
 611         cp.dir = gs->path;
 612
 613         /*
 614          * Capture output to output buffer and check the return code from the
 615          * child process.  A '0' indicates a hit, a '1' indicates no hit and
 616          * anything else is an error.
 617          */
 618         status = capture_command(&cp, &child_output, 0);
 619         if (status && (status != 1)) {
 620                 /* flush the buffer */
 621                 write_or_die(1, child_output.buf, child_output.len);
 622                 die("process for submodule '%s' failed with exit code: %d",
 623                     gs->name, status);
 624         }
 625
 626         opt->output(opt, child_output.buf, child_output.len);
 627         strbuf_release(&child_output);
 628         /* invert the return code to make a hit equal to 1 */
 629         return !status;
 630 }
 631
 632 /*
 633  * Prep grep structures for a submodule grep
 634  * sha1: the sha1 of the submodule or NULL if using the working tree
 635  * filename: name of the submodule including tree name of parent
 636  * path: location of the submodule
 637  */
 638 static int grep_submodule(struct grep_opt *opt, const unsigned char *sha1,
 639                           const char *filename, const char *path)
 640 {
 641         if (!is_submodule_initialized(path))
 642                 return 0;
 643         if (!is_submodule_populated_gently(path, NULL)) {
 644                 /*
 645                  * If searching history, check for the presense of the
 646                  * submodule's gitdir before skipping the submodule.
 647                  */
 648                 if (sha1) {
 649                         const struct submodule *sub =
 650                                         submodule_from_path(null_sha1, path);
 651                         if (sub)
 652                                 path = git_path("modules/%s", sub->name);
 653
 654                         if (!(is_directory(path) && is_git_directory(path)))
 655                                 return 0;
 656                 } else {
 657                         return 0;
 658                 }
 659         }
 660
 661 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 662         if (num_threads) {
 663                 add_work(opt, GREP_SOURCE_SUBMODULE, filename, path, sha1);
 664                 return 0;
 665         } else
 666 #endif
 667         {
 668                 struct grep_source gs;
 669                 int hit;
 670
 671                 grep_source_init(&gs, GREP_SOURCE_SUBMODULE,
 672                                  filename, path, sha1);
 673                 hit = grep_submodule_launch(opt, &gs);
 674
 675                 grep_source_clear(&gs);
 676                 return hit;
 677         }
 678 }
 679
 680 static int grep_cache(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 681                       int cached)
 682 {
 683         int hit = 0;
 684         int nr;
 685         struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
 686         int name_base_len = 0;
 687         if (super_prefix) {
 688                 name_base_len = strlen(super_prefix);
 689                 strbuf_addstr(&name, super_prefix);
 690         }
 691
 692         read_cache();
 693
 694         for (nr = 0; nr < active_nr; nr++) {
 695                 const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[nr];
 696                 strbuf_setlen(&name, name_base_len);
 697                 strbuf_addstr(&name, ce->name);
 698
 699                 if (S_ISREG(ce->ce_mode) &&
 700                     match_pathspec(pathspec, name.buf, name.len, 0, NULL,
 701                                    S_ISDIR(ce->ce_mode) ||
 702                                    S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))) {
 703                         /*
 704                          * If CE_VALID is on, we assume worktree file and its
 705                          * cache entry are identical, even if worktree file has
 706                          * been modified, so use cache version instead
 707                          */
 708                         if (cached || (ce->ce_flags & CE_VALID) ||
 709                             ce_skip_worktree(ce)) {
 710                                 if (ce_stage(ce) || ce_intent_to_add(ce))
 711                                         continue;
 712                                 hit |= grep_oid(opt, &ce->oid, ce->name,
 713                                                  0, ce->name);
 714                         } else {
 715                                 hit |= grep_file(opt, ce->name);
 716                         }
 717                 } else if (recurse_submodules && S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) &&
 718                            submodule_path_match(pathspec, name.buf, NULL)) {
 719                         hit |= grep_submodule(opt, NULL, ce->name, ce->name);
 720                 } else {
 721                         continue;
 722                 }
 723
 724                 if (ce_stage(ce)) {
 725                         do {
 726                                 nr++;
 727                         } while (nr < active_nr &&
 728                                  !strcmp(ce->name, active_cache[nr]->name));
 729                         nr--; /* compensate for loop control */
 730                 }
 731                 if (hit && opt->status_only)
 732                         break;
 733         }
 734
 735         strbuf_release(&name);
 736         return hit;
 737 }
 738
 739 static int grep_tree(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 740                      struct tree_desc *tree, struct strbuf *base, int tn_len,
 741                      int check_attr)
 742 {
 743         int hit = 0;
 744         enum interesting match = entry_not_interesting;
 745         struct name_entry entry;
 746         int old_baselen = base->len;
 747         struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
 748         int name_base_len = 0;
 749         if (super_prefix) {
 750                 strbuf_addstr(&name, super_prefix);
 751                 name_base_len = name.len;
 752         }
 753
 754         while (tree_entry(tree, &entry)) {
 755                 int te_len = tree_entry_len(&entry);
 756
 757                 if (match != all_entries_interesting) {
 758                         strbuf_addstr(&name, base->buf + tn_len);
 759                         match = tree_entry_interesting(&entry, &name,
 760                                                        0, pathspec);
 761                         strbuf_setlen(&name, name_base_len);
 762
 763                         if (match == all_entries_not_interesting)
 764                                 break;
 765                         if (match == entry_not_interesting)
 766                                 continue;
 767                 }
 768
 769                 strbuf_add(base, entry.path, te_len);
 770
 771                 if (S_ISREG(entry.mode)) {
 772                         hit |= grep_oid(opt, entry.oid, base->buf, tn_len,
 773                                          check_attr ? base->buf + tn_len : NULL);
 774                 } else if (S_ISDIR(entry.mode)) {
 775                         enum object_type type;
 776                         struct tree_desc sub;
 777                         void *data;
 778                         unsigned long size;
 779
 780                         data = lock_and_read_oid_file(entry.oid, &type, &size);
 781                         if (!data)
 782                                 die(_("unable to read tree (%s)"),
 783                                     oid_to_hex(entry.oid));
 784
 785                         strbuf_addch(base, '/');
 786                         init_tree_desc(&sub, data, size);
 787                         hit |= grep_tree(opt, pathspec, &sub, base, tn_len,
 788                                          check_attr);
 789                         free(data);
 790                 } else if (recurse_submodules && S_ISGITLINK(entry.mode)) {
 791                         hit |= grep_submodule(opt, entry.oid->hash, base->buf,
 792                                               base->buf + tn_len);
 793                 }
 794
 795                 strbuf_setlen(base, old_baselen);
 796
 797                 if (hit && opt->status_only)
 798                         break;
 799         }
 800
 801         strbuf_release(&name);
 802         return hit;
 803 }
 804
 805 static int grep_object(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 806                        struct object *obj, const char *name, const char *path)
 807 {
 808         if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB)
 809                 return grep_oid(opt, &obj->oid, name, 0, path);
 810         if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT || obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
 811                 struct tree_desc tree;
 812                 void *data;
 813                 unsigned long size;
 814                 struct strbuf base;
 815                 int hit, len;
 816
 817                 grep_read_lock();
 818                 data = read_object_with_reference(obj->oid.hash, tree_type,
 819                                                   &size, NULL);
 820                 grep_read_unlock();
 821
 822                 if (!data)
 823                         die(_("unable to read tree (%s)"), oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
 824
 825                 /* Use parent's name as base when recursing submodules */
 826                 if (recurse_submodules && parent_basename)
 827                         name = parent_basename;
 828
 829                 len = name ? strlen(name) : 0;
 830                 strbuf_init(&base, PATH_MAX + len + 1);
 831                 if (len) {
 832                         strbuf_add(&base, name, len);
 833                         strbuf_addch(&base, ':');
 834                 }
 835                 init_tree_desc(&tree, data, size);
 836                 hit = grep_tree(opt, pathspec, &tree, &base, base.len,
 837                                 obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT);
 838                 strbuf_release(&base);
 839                 free(data);
 840                 return hit;
 841         }
 842         die(_("unable to grep from object of type %s"), typename(obj->type));
 843 }
 844
 845 static int grep_objects(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 846                         const struct object_array *list)
 847 {
 848         unsigned int i;
 849         int hit = 0;
 850         const unsigned int nr = list->nr;
 851
 852         for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
 853                 struct object *real_obj;
 854                 real_obj = deref_tag(list->objects[i].item, NULL, 0);
 855
 856                 /* load the gitmodules file for this rev */
 857                 if (recurse_submodules) {
 858                         submodule_free();
 859                         gitmodules_config_sha1(real_obj->oid.hash);
 860                 }
 861                 if (grep_object(opt, pathspec, real_obj, list->objects[i].name, list->objects[i].path)) {
 862                         hit = 1;
 863                         if (opt->status_only)
 864                                 break;
 865                 }
 866         }
 867         return hit;
 868 }
 869
 870 static int grep_directory(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 871                           int exc_std, int use_index)
 872 {
 873         struct dir_struct dir;
 874         int i, hit = 0;
 875
 876         memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
 877         if (!use_index)
 878                 dir.flags |= DIR_NO_GITLINKS;
 879         if (exc_std)
 880                 setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
 881
 882         fill_directory(&dir, &the_index, pathspec);
 883         for (i = 0; i < dir.nr; i++) {
 884                 if (!dir_path_match(dir.entries[i], pathspec, 0, NULL))
 885                         continue;
 886                 hit |= grep_file(opt, dir.entries[i]->name);
 887                 if (hit && opt->status_only)
 888                         break;
 889         }
 890         return hit;
 891 }
 892
 893 static int context_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
 894                             int unset)
 895 {
 896         struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
 897         int value;
 898         const char *endp;
 899
 900         if (unset) {
 901                 grep_opt->pre_context = grep_opt->post_context = 0;
 902                 return 0;
 903         }
 904         value = strtol(arg, (char **)&endp, 10);
 905         if (*endp) {
 906                 return error(_("switch `%c' expects a numerical value"),
 907                              opt->short_name);
 908         }
 909         grep_opt->pre_context = grep_opt->post_context = value;
 910         return 0;
 911 }
 912
 913 static int file_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 914 {
 915         struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
 916         int from_stdin = !strcmp(arg, "-");
 917         FILE *patterns;
 918         int lno = 0;
 919         struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 920
 921         patterns = from_stdin ? stdin : fopen(arg, "r");
 922         if (!patterns)
 923                 die_errno(_("cannot open '%s'"), arg);
 924         while (strbuf_getline(&sb, patterns) == 0) {
 925                 /* ignore empty line like grep does */
 926                 if (sb.len == 0)
 927                         continue;
 928
 929                 append_grep_pat(grep_opt, sb.buf, sb.len, arg, ++lno,
 930                                 GREP_PATTERN);
 931         }
 932         if (!from_stdin)
 933                 fclose(patterns);
 934         strbuf_release(&sb);
 935         return 0;
 936 }
 937
 938 static int not_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 939 {
 940         struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
 941         append_grep_pattern(grep_opt, "--not", "command line", 0, GREP_NOT);
 942         return 0;
 943 }
 944
 945 static int and_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 946 {
 947         struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
 948         append_grep_pattern(grep_opt, "--and", "command line", 0, GREP_AND);
 949         return 0;
 950 }
 951
 952 static int open_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 953 {
 954         struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
 955         append_grep_pattern(grep_opt, "(", "command line", 0, GREP_OPEN_PAREN);
 956         return 0;
 957 }
 958
 959 static int close_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 960 {
 961         struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
 962         append_grep_pattern(grep_opt, ")", "command line", 0, GREP_CLOSE_PAREN);
 963         return 0;
 964 }
 965
 966 static int pattern_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
 967                             int unset)
 968 {
 969         struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
 970         append_grep_pattern(grep_opt, arg, "-e option", 0, GREP_PATTERN);
 971         return 0;
 972 }
 973
 974 int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 975 {
 976         int hit = 0;
 977         int cached = 0, untracked = 0, opt_exclude = -1;
 978         int seen_dashdash = 0;
 979         int external_grep_allowed__ignored;
 980         const char *show_in_pager = NULL, *default_pager = "dummy";
 981         struct grep_opt opt;
 982         struct object_array list = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
 983         struct pathspec pathspec;
 984         struct string_list path_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 985         int i;
 986         int dummy;
 987         int use_index = 1;
 988         int pattern_type_arg = GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED;
 989         int allow_revs;
 990
 991         struct option options[] = {
 992                 OPT_BOOL(0, "cached", &cached,
 993                         N_("search in index instead of in the work tree")),
 994                 OPT_NEGBIT(0, "no-index", &use_index,
 995                          N_("find in contents not managed by git"), 1),
 996                 OPT_BOOL(0, "untracked", &untracked,
 997                         N_("search in both tracked and untracked files")),
 998                 OPT_SET_INT(0, "exclude-standard", &opt_exclude,
 999                             N_("ignore files specified via '.gitignore'"), 1),
1000                 OPT_BOOL(0, "recurse-submodules", &recurse_submodules,
1001                          N_("recursively search in each submodule")),
1002                 OPT_STRING(0, "parent-basename", &parent_basename,
1003                            N_("basename"),
1004                            N_("prepend parent project's basename to output")),
1005                 OPT_GROUP(""),
1006                 OPT_BOOL('v', "invert-match", &opt.invert,
1007                         N_("show non-matching lines")),
1008                 OPT_BOOL('i', "ignore-case", &opt.ignore_case,
1009                         N_("case insensitive matching")),
1010                 OPT_BOOL('w', "word-regexp", &opt.word_regexp,
1011                         N_("match patterns only at word boundaries")),
1012                 OPT_SET_INT('a', "text", &opt.binary,
1013                         N_("process binary files as text"), GREP_BINARY_TEXT),
1014                 OPT_SET_INT('I', NULL, &opt.binary,
1015                         N_("don't match patterns in binary files"),
1016                         GREP_BINARY_NOMATCH),
1017                 OPT_BOOL(0, "textconv", &opt.allow_textconv,
1018                          N_("process binary files with textconv filters")),
1019                 { OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "max-depth", &opt.max_depth, N_("depth"),
1020                         N_("descend at most <depth> levels"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
1021                         NULL, 1 },
1022                 OPT_GROUP(""),
1023                 OPT_SET_INT('E', "extended-regexp", &pattern_type_arg,
1024                             N_("use extended POSIX regular expressions"),
1025                             GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_ERE),
1026                 OPT_SET_INT('G', "basic-regexp", &pattern_type_arg,
1027                             N_("use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"),
1028                             GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_BRE),
1029                 OPT_SET_INT('F', "fixed-strings", &pattern_type_arg,
1030                             N_("interpret patterns as fixed strings"),
1031                             GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_FIXED),
1032                 OPT_SET_INT('P', "perl-regexp", &pattern_type_arg,
1033                             N_("use Perl-compatible regular expressions"),
1034                             GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_PCRE),
1035                 OPT_GROUP(""),
1036                 OPT_BOOL('n', "line-number", &opt.linenum, N_("show line numbers")),
1037                 OPT_NEGBIT('h', NULL, &opt.pathname, N_("don't show filenames"), 1),
1038                 OPT_BIT('H', NULL, &opt.pathname, N_("show filenames"), 1),
1039                 OPT_NEGBIT(0, "full-name", &opt.relative,
1040                         N_("show filenames relative to top directory"), 1),
1041                 OPT_BOOL('l', "files-with-matches", &opt.name_only,
1042                         N_("show only filenames instead of matching lines")),
1043                 OPT_BOOL(0, "name-only", &opt.name_only,
1044                         N_("synonym for --files-with-matches")),
1045                 OPT_BOOL('L', "files-without-match",
1046                         &opt.unmatch_name_only,
1047                         N_("show only the names of files without match")),
1048                 OPT_BOOL('z', "null", &opt.null_following_name,
1049                         N_("print NUL after filenames")),
1050                 OPT_BOOL('c', "count", &opt.count,
1051                         N_("show the number of matches instead of matching lines")),
1052                 OPT__COLOR(&opt.color, N_("highlight matches")),
1053                 OPT_BOOL(0, "break", &opt.file_break,
1054                         N_("print empty line between matches from different files")),
1055                 OPT_BOOL(0, "heading", &opt.heading,
1056                         N_("show filename only once above matches from same file")),
1057                 OPT_GROUP(""),
1058                 OPT_CALLBACK('C', "context", &opt, N_("n"),
1059                         N_("show <n> context lines before and after matches"),
1060                         context_callback),
1061                 OPT_INTEGER('B', "before-context", &opt.pre_context,
1062                         N_("show <n> context lines before matches")),
1063                 OPT_INTEGER('A', "after-context", &opt.post_context,
1064                         N_("show <n> context lines after matches")),
1065                 OPT_INTEGER(0, "threads", &num_threads,
1066                         N_("use <n> worker threads")),
1067                 OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK(&opt, N_("shortcut for -C NUM"),
1068                         context_callback),
1069                 OPT_BOOL('p', "show-function", &opt.funcname,
1070                         N_("show a line with the function name before matches")),
1071                 OPT_BOOL('W', "function-context", &opt.funcbody,
1072                         N_("show the surrounding function")),
1073                 OPT_GROUP(""),
1074                 OPT_CALLBACK('f', NULL, &opt, N_("file"),
1075                         N_("read patterns from file"), file_callback),
1076                 { OPTION_CALLBACK, 'e', NULL, &opt, N_("pattern"),
1077                         N_("match <pattern>"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG, pattern_callback },
1078                 { OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "and", &opt, NULL,
1079                   N_("combine patterns specified with -e"),
1080                   PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, and_callback },
1081                 OPT_BOOL(0, "or", &dummy, ""),
1082                 { OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "not", &opt, NULL, "",
1083                   PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, not_callback },
1084                 { OPTION_CALLBACK, '(', NULL, &opt, NULL, "",
1085                   PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NODASH,
1086                   open_callback },
1087                 { OPTION_CALLBACK, ')', NULL, &opt, NULL, "",
1088                   PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NODASH,
1089                   close_callback },
1090                 OPT__QUIET(&opt.status_only,
1091                            N_("indicate hit with exit status without output")),
1092                 OPT_BOOL(0, "all-match", &opt.all_match,
1093                         N_("show only matches from files that match all patterns")),
1094                 { OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "debug", &opt.debug, NULL,
1095                   N_("show parse tree for grep expression"),
1096                   PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN, NULL, 1 },
1097                 OPT_GROUP(""),
1098                 { OPTION_STRING, 'O', "open-files-in-pager", &show_in_pager,
1099                         N_("pager"), N_("show matching files in the pager"),
1100                         PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)default_pager },
1101                 OPT_BOOL(0, "ext-grep", &external_grep_allowed__ignored,
1102                          N_("allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)")),
1103                 OPT_END()
1104         };
1105
1106         init_grep_defaults();
1107         git_config(grep_cmd_config, NULL);
1108         grep_init(&opt, prefix);
1109         super_prefix = get_super_prefix();
1110
1111         /*
1112          * If there is no -- then the paths must exist in the working
1113          * tree.  If there is no explicit pattern specified with -e or
1114          * -f, we take the first unrecognized non option to be the
1115          * pattern, but then what follows it must be zero or more
1116          * valid refs up to the -- (if exists), and then existing
1117          * paths.  If there is an explicit pattern, then the first
1118          * unrecognized non option is the beginning of the refs list
1119          * that continues up to the -- (if exists), and then paths.
1120          */
1121         argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, grep_usage,
1122                              PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH |
1123                              PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);
1124         grep_commit_pattern_type(pattern_type_arg, &opt);
1125
1126         if (use_index && !startup_info->have_repository) {
1127                 int fallback = 0;
1128                 git_config_get_bool("grep.fallbacktonoindex", &fallback);
1129                 if (fallback)
1130                         use_index = 0;
1131                 else
1132                         /* die the same way as if we did it at the beginning */
1133                         setup_git_directory();
1134         }
1135
1136         /*
1137          * skip a -- separator; we know it cannot be
1138          * separating revisions from pathnames if
1139          * we haven't even had any patterns yet
1140          */
1141         if (argc > 0 && !opt.pattern_list && !strcmp(argv[0], "--")) {
1142                 argv++;
1143                 argc--;
1144         }
1145
1146         /* First unrecognized non-option token */
1147         if (argc > 0 && !opt.pattern_list) {
1148                 append_grep_pattern(&opt, argv[0], "command line", 0,
1149                                     GREP_PATTERN);
1150                 argv++;
1151                 argc--;
1152         }
1153
1154         if (show_in_pager == default_pager)
1155                 show_in_pager = git_pager(1);
1156         if (show_in_pager) {
1157                 opt.color = 0;
1158                 opt.name_only = 1;
1159                 opt.null_following_name = 1;
1160                 opt.output_priv = &path_list;
1161                 opt.output = append_path;
1162                 string_list_append(&path_list, show_in_pager);
1163         }
1164
1165         if (!opt.pattern_list)
1166                 die(_("no pattern given."));
1167         if (!opt.fixed && opt.ignore_case)
1168                 opt.regflags |= REG_ICASE;
1169
1170         compile_grep_patterns(&opt);
1171
1172         /*
1173          * We have to find "--" in a separate pass, because its presence
1174          * influences how we will parse arguments that come before it.
1175          */
1176         for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1177                 if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--")) {
1178                         seen_dashdash = 1;
1179                         break;
1180                 }
1181         }
1182
1183         /*
1184          * Resolve any rev arguments. If we have a dashdash, then everything up
1185          * to it must resolve as a rev. If not, then we stop at the first
1186          * non-rev and assume everything else is a path.
1187          */
1188         allow_revs = use_index && !untracked;
1189         for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1190                 const char *arg = argv[i];
1191                 struct object_id oid;
1192                 struct object_context oc;
1193                 struct object *object;
1194
1195                 if (!strcmp(arg, "--")) {
1196                         i++;
1197                         break;
1198                 }
1199
1200                 if (!allow_revs) {
1201                         if (seen_dashdash)
1202                                 die(_("--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs"));
1203                         break;
1204                 }
1205
1206                 if (get_sha1_with_context(arg, GET_SHA1_RECORD_PATH,
1207                                           oid.hash, &oc)) {
1208                         if (seen_dashdash)
1209                                 die(_("unable to resolve revision: %s"), arg);
1210                         break;
1211                 }
1212
1213                 object = parse_object_or_die(&oid, arg);
1214                 if (!seen_dashdash)
1215                         verify_non_filename(prefix, arg);
1216                 add_object_array_with_path(object, arg, &list, oc.mode, oc.path);
1217                 free(oc.path);
1218         }
1219
1220         /*
1221          * Anything left over is presumed to be a path. But in the non-dashdash
1222          * "do what I mean" case, we verify and complain when that isn't true.
1223          */
1224         if (!seen_dashdash) {
1225                 int j;
1226                 for (j = i; j < argc; j++)
1227                         verify_filename(prefix, argv[j], j == i && allow_revs);
1228         }
1229
1230         parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
1231                        PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD |
1232                        (opt.max_depth != -1 ? PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH_VALID : 0),
1233                        prefix, argv + i);
1234         pathspec.max_depth = opt.max_depth;
1235         pathspec.recursive = 1;
1236
1237 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
1238         if (list.nr || cached || show_in_pager)
1239                 num_threads = 0;
1240         else if (num_threads == 0)
1241                 num_threads = GREP_NUM_THREADS_DEFAULT;
1242         else if (num_threads < 0)
1243                 die(_("invalid number of threads specified (%d)"), num_threads);
1244 #else
1245         if (num_threads)
1246                 warning(_("no threads support, ignoring --threads"));
1247         num_threads = 0;
1248 #endif
1249
1250 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
1251         if (num_threads) {
1252                 if (!(opt.name_only || opt.unmatch_name_only || opt.count)
1253                     && (opt.pre_context || opt.post_context ||
1254                         opt.file_break || opt.funcbody))
1255                         skip_first_line = 1;
1256                 start_threads(&opt);
1257         }
1258 #endif
1259
1260         if (recurse_submodules) {
1261                 gitmodules_config();
1262                 compile_submodule_options(&opt, argv + i, cached, untracked,
1263                                           opt_exclude, use_index,
1264                                           pattern_type_arg);
1265         }
1266
1267         if (show_in_pager && (cached || list.nr))
1268                 die(_("--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"));
1269
1270         if (show_in_pager && opt.pattern_list && !opt.pattern_list->next) {
1271                 const char *pager = path_list.items[0].string;
1272                 int len = strlen(pager);
1273
1274                 if (len > 4 && is_dir_sep(pager[len - 5]))
1275                         pager += len - 4;
1276
1277                 if (opt.ignore_case && !strcmp("less", pager))
1278                         string_list_append(&path_list, "-I");
1279
1280                 if (!strcmp("less", pager) || !strcmp("vi", pager)) {
1281                         struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
1282                         strbuf_addf(&buf, "+/%s%s",
1283                                         strcmp("less", pager) ? "" : "*",
1284                                         opt.pattern_list->pattern);
1285                         string_list_append(&path_list, buf.buf);
1286                         strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
1287                 }
1288         }
1289
1290         if (recurse_submodules && (!use_index || untracked))
1291                 die(_("option not supported with --recurse-submodules."));
1292
1293         if (!show_in_pager && !opt.status_only)
1294                 setup_pager();
1295
1296         if (!use_index && (untracked || cached))
1297                 die(_("--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."));
1298
1299         if (!use_index || untracked) {
1300                 int use_exclude = (opt_exclude < 0) ? use_index : !!opt_exclude;
1301                 hit = grep_directory(&opt, &pathspec, use_exclude, use_index);
1302         } else if (0 <= opt_exclude) {
1303                 die(_("--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."));
1304         } else if (!list.nr) {
1305                 if (!cached)
1306                         setup_work_tree();
1307
1308                 hit = grep_cache(&opt, &pathspec, cached);
1309         } else {
1310                 if (cached)
1311                         die(_("both --cached and trees are given."));
1312                 hit = grep_objects(&opt, &pathspec, &list);
1313         }
1314
1315         if (num_threads)
1316                 hit |= wait_all();
1317         if (hit && show_in_pager)
1318                 run_pager(&opt, prefix);
1319         clear_pathspec(&pathspec);
1320         free_grep_patterns(&opt);
1321         return !hit;
1322 }