[linuxjm/LDP_man-pages.git] / draft / man2 / mknod.2

.\" Hey Emacs! This file is -*- nroff -*- source.
.\"
.\" This manpage is Copyright (C) 1992 Drew Eckhardt;
.\"                               1993 Michael Haardt
.\"                               1993,1994 Ian Jackson.
.\" You may distribute it under the terms of the GNU General
.\" Public License. It comes with NO WARRANTY.
.\"
.\" Modified 1996-08-18 by urs
.\" Modified 2003-04-23 by Michael Kerrisk
.\" Modified 2004-06-23 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
.\"
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 SUTO, Mitsuaki
.\"         all rights reserved.
.\" Translated 1997-06-26, SUTO, Mitsuaki <suto@av.crl.sony.co.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified 1999-03-01, NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified 2001-06-04, Yuichi SATO <ysato@h4.dion.ne.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified 2003-07-26, Yuichi SATO <ysato444@yahoo.co.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified 2004-12-31, Yuichi SATO
.\" Updated 2005-09-06, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
.\"
.\"WORD:        node            ¥Î¡¼¥É
.\"WORD:        permission      µö²Ä°À­
.\"WORD:        resolve         (¥Ñ¥¹Ì¾¤ò) ²ò·è¤¹¤ë
.\"
.TH MKNOD 2 2008-12-01 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.\"O .SH NAME
.SH ̾Á°
.\"O mknod \- create a special or ordinary file
mknod \- Æüì¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤äÄ̾ï¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òºîÀ®¤¹¤ë
.\"O .SH SYNOPSIS
.SH ½ñ¼°
.nf
.B #include <sys/types.h>
.B #include <sys/stat.h>
.B #include <fcntl.h>
.B #include <unistd.h>
.sp
.BI "int mknod(const char *" pathname ", mode_t " mode ", dev_t " dev );
.fi
.sp
.in -4n
.\"O Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
.\"O .BR feature_test_macros (7)):
glibc ¸þ¤±¤Îµ¡Ç½¸¡ºº¥Þ¥¯¥í¤ÎÍ×·ï
.RB ( feature_test_macros (7)
»²¾È):
.in
.sp
.BR mknod ():
_BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500
.\"O .SH DESCRIPTION
.SH ÀâÌÀ
.\"O The system call
.\"O .BR mknod ()
.\"O creates a file system node (file, device special file or
.\"O named pipe) named
.\"O .IR pathname ,
.\"O with attributes specified by
.\"O .I mode
.\"O and
.\"O .IR dev .
¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥³¡¼¥ë
.BR mknod ()
¤Ï
.I pathname
¤È¤¤¤¦Ì¾Á°¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¡¦¥Î¡¼¥É
(¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡¢¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¥¹¥Ú¥·¥ã¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡¢Ì¾Á°ÉÕ¤­¥Ñ¥¤¥×) ¤ò¡¢
°À­
.I mode
¤È
.I dev
¤Î»ØÄê¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤ÆºîÀ®¤¹¤ë¡£

.\"O The
.\"O .I mode
.\"O argument specifies both the permissions to use and the type of node
.\"O to be created.
.I mode
°ú¤­¿ô¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ºîÀ®¤¹¤ë¥Î¡¼¥É¤Îµö²Ä°À­ (permission) ¤È¥¿¥¤¥×¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¡£
.\"O It should be a combination (using bitwise OR) of one of the file types
.\"O listed below and the permissions for the new node.
.I mode
¤Î»ØÄê¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Ë¤¢¤²¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥¿¥¤¥×¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Î 1 ¤Ä¤È¡¢
µö²Ä°À­¤ÎÁȹ礻 (¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤´¤È¤Î OR ¤ò»ÈÍÑ) ¤Ç¹Ô¤¦¡£

.\"O The permissions are modified by the process's
.\"O .I umask
.\"O in the usual way: the permissions of the created node are
.\"O .IR "(mode & ~umask)" .
µö²Ä°À­¤ÏÄ̾ïÄ̤ꡢ¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î
.I umask
¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ½¤Àµ¤µ¤ì¡¢ºîÀ®¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Î¡¼¥É¤Îµö²Ä°À­¤Ï
.I "(mode & ~umask)"
¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£

.\"O The file type must be one of
.\"O .BR S_IFREG ,
.\"O .BR S_IFCHR ,
.\"O .BR S_IFBLK ,
.\"O .B S_IFIFO
.\"O or
.\"O .B S_IFSOCK
.\"O .\" (S_IFSOCK since Linux 1.2.4)
.\"O to specify a regular file (which will be created empty), character
.\"O special file, block special file, FIFO (named pipe), or Unix domain socket,
.\"O respectively.
.\"O (Zero file type is equivalent to type
.\"O .BR S_IFREG .)
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥¿¥¤¥×¤Ë¤Ï
.BR S_IFREG ,
.BR S_IFCHR ,
.BR S_IFBLK ,
.BR S_IFIFO ,
.B S_IFSOCK
.\" (S_IFSOCK ¤Ï Linux 1.2.4 ¤«¤é¸ºß¤¹¤ë)
¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì½ç¤Ë¡¢Ä̾ï¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë (¶õ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤È¤·¤ÆºîÀ®¤µ¤ì¤ë)¡¦
¥­¥ã¥é¥¯¥¿¥¹¥Ú¥·¥ã¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡¦¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¥¹¥Ú¥·¥ã¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡¦
FIFO (̾Á°ÉÕ¤­¥Ñ¥¤¥×)¡¦Unix ¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ë
(¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥¿¥¤¥× 0 ¤Ï
.B S_IFREG
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.\"O If the file type is
.\"O .B S_IFCHR
.\"O or
.\"O .B S_IFBLK
.\"O then
.\"O .I dev
.\"O specifies the major and minor numbers of the newly created device
.\"O special file
.\"O .RB ( makedev (3)
.\"O may be useful to build the value for
.\"O .IR dev );
.\"O otherwise it is ignored.
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥¿¥¤¥×¤¬
.B S_IFCHR
¤Þ¤¿¤Ï
.B S_IFBLK
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.I dev
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.RB ( makedev (3)
¤Ï
.I dev
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¤½¤ì°Ê³°¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï
.I dev
¤Ï̵»ë¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£

.\"O If
.\"O .I pathname
.\"O already exists, or is a symbolic link, this call fails with an
.\"O .B EEXIST
.\"O error.
.I pathname
¤¬´û¤Ë¸ºß¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã¥¯¥ê¥ó¥¯¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢
¤³¤Î¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤Ï
.B EEXIST
¥¨¥é¡¼¤Ç¼ºÇÔ¤¹¤ë¡£

.\"O The newly created node will be owned by the effective user ID of the
.\"O process.
.\"O If the directory containing the node has the set-group-ID
.\"O bit set, or if the file system is mounted with BSD group semantics, the
.\"O new node will inherit the group ownership from its parent directory;
.\"O otherwise it will be owned by the effective group ID of the process.
¿·¤·¤¯ºîÀ®¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Î¡¼¥É¤Î½êÍ­¼Ô¤Ï¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î¼Â¸ú¥æ¡¼¥¶ ID ¤Ë¥»¥Ã¥È¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
¿·¤¿¤Ëºî¤é¤ì¤¿¥Î¡¼¥É¤òÊÝ»ý¤¹¤ë
¿Æ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î set-group-ID ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬¥»¥Ã¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤ê¡¢
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬ BSD ¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¥»¥Þ¥ó¥Æ¥£¥¯¥¹¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ
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¤Þ¤¿¡¢¤½¤¦¤Ç¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Î½êÍ­¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ï¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î¼Â¸ú¥°¥ë¡¼¥× ID ¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH RETURN VALUE
.SH ÊÖ¤êÃÍ
.\"O .BR mknod ()
.\"O returns zero on success, or \-1 if an error occurred (in which case,
.\"O .I errno
.\"O is set appropriately).
.BR mknod ()
¤ÏÀ®¸ù¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç 0 ¤ò¡¢¼ºÇÔ¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç \-1 ¤òÊÖ¤¹
(¼ºÇÔ¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç
.I errno
¤¬¥¨¥é¡¼¤ÎÆâÍƤˤ·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¥»¥Ã¥È¤µ¤ì¤ë)¡£
.\"O .SH ERRORS
.SH ¥¨¥é¡¼
.TP
.B EACCES
.\"O The parent directory does not allow write permission to the process,
.\"O or one of the directories in the path prefix of
.\"O .I pathname
.\"O did not allow search permission.
.\"O (See also
.\"O .BR path_resolution (7).)
¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬¿Æ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ø¤Î½ñ¤­¹þ¤ßµö²Ä¤ò»ý¤¿¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï¥Ñ¥¹Ì¾
.I pathname
Ãæ¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥êÉôʬ¤Î¤É¤ì¤«¤Ë¸¡º÷µö²Ä°À­¤¬Ìµ¤¤
.RB ( path_resolution (7)
¤â»²¾È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È)¡£
.TP
.B EEXIST
.\"O .I pathname
.\"O already exists.
.\"O This includes the case where
.\"O .I pathname
.\"O is a symbolic link, dangling or not.
.I pathname
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¤³¤ì¤Ë¤Ï
.I pathname
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(¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã¥¯¡¦¥ê¥ó¥¯¤¬²õ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤« (dangling) ¤É¤¦¤«¤Ï´Ø·¸¤Ê¤¤)¡£
.TP
.B EFAULT
.\"O .IR pathname " points outside your accessible address space."
.I pathname
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.B EINVAL
.\"O .I mode
.\"O requested creation of something other than a regular file, device
.\"O special file, FIFO or socket.
.I mode
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ºîÀ®¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¥»¥Ã¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.TP
.B ELOOP
.\"O Too many symbolic links were encountered in resolving
.\"O .IR pathname .
¥Ñ¥¹Ì¾
.I pathname
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.TP
.B ENAMETOOLONG
.\"O .IR pathname " was too long."
.I pathname
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.TP
.B ENOENT
.\"O A directory component in
.\"O .I pathname
.\"O does not exist or is a dangling symbolic link.
.I pathname
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¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥ê¥ó¥¯Àè¤Î̵¤¤¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã¥¯¥ê¥ó¥¯¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.TP
.B ENOMEM
.\"O Insufficient kernel memory was available.
½½Ê¬¤Ê¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥á¥â¥ê¤¬Ìµ¤¤¡£
.TP
.B ENOSPC
.\"O The device containing
.\"O .I pathname
.\"O has no room for the new node.
.I pathname
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.TP
.B ENOTDIR
.\"O A component used as a directory in
.\"O .I pathname
.\"O is not, in fact, a directory.
.I pathname
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.TP
.B EPERM
.\"O .I mode
.\"O requested creation of something other than a regular file,
.\"O FIFO (named pipe), or Unix domain socket, and the caller
.\"O is not privileged (Linux: does not have the
.\"O .B CAP_MKNOD
.\"O capability);
.\"O .\" For Unix domain sockets and regular files, EPERM is only returned in
.\"O .\" Linux 2.2 and earlier; in Linux 2.4 and later, unprivileged can
.\"O .\" use mknod() to make these files.
.\"O also returned if the file system containing
.\"O .I pathname
.\"O does not support the type of node requested.
.I mode
¤ÏÄ̾ï¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡¦FIFO (̾Á°ÉÕ¤­¥Ñ¥¤¥×)¡¦Unix ¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¥½¥±¥Ã¥È°Ê³°¤ò
ºîÀ®¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¥»¥Ã¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢¼Â¹Ô¼Ô¤¬Æø¢
(Linux ¤Ç¤Ï
.B CAP_MKNOD
¥±¡¼¥Ñ¥Ó¥ê¥Æ¥£ (capability)) ¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
.\" Unix ¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¤ÈÄ̾ï¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËÂФ·¤Æ mknod() ¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤È¡¢
.\" Linux 2.2 °ÊÁ°¤Ç¤Ï EPERM ¤òÊÖ¤¹¤À¤±¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.\" Linux 2.4 °Ê¹ß¤Ç¤ÏÆø¢¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤â¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò
.\" ºîÀ®¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë mknod() ¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤Þ¤¿¤Ï
.I pathname
¤òÊÝ»ý¤¹¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬¡¢»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥Î¡¼¥É·Á¼°¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
.TP
.B EROFS
.\"O .I pathname
.\"O refers to a file on a read-only file system.
.I pathname
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.\"O .SH CONFORMING TO
.SH ½àµò
.\"O SVr4, 4.4BSD, POSIX.1-2001 (but see below).
.\"O .\" The Linux version differs from the SVr4 version in that it
.\"O .\" does not require root permission to create pipes, also in that no
.\"O .\" EMULTIHOP, ENOLINK, or EINTR error is documented.
SVr4, 4.4BSD, POSIX.1-2001 (²¼µ­¤â»²¾È).
.\" Linux ¤Î¼ÂÁõ¤Ï SVr4 ¤Î¼ÂÁõ¤È°Û¤Ê¤ê¡¢¥Ñ¥¤¥×¤ÎºîÀ®¤Ë¤Ï root ¸¢¸Â¤¬ÉÔÍפǤ¢¤ë¡£
.\" ¤Þ¤¿ EMULTIHOP ¤È ENOLINK ¤È EINTR ¤Î¥¨¥é¡¼¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ïµ­½Ò¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
.\"O .SH NOTES
.SH Ãí°Õ
.\"O POSIX.1-2001 says: "The only portable use of
.\"O .BR mknod ()
.\"O is to create a FIFO-special file.
.\"O If
.\"O .I mode
.\"O is not
.\"O .B S_IFIFO
.\"O or
.\"O .I dev
.\"O is not 0, the behavior of
.\"O .BR mknod ()
.\"O is unspecified."
POSIX.1-2001 ¤Ç¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡§
.RB ¡Ö mknod ()
¤ÎÍ£°ì¤Î°Ü¿¢À­¤Î¤¢¤ë»ÈÍÑË¡¤Ï¡¢FIFO ¥¹¥Ú¥·¥ã¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òºîÀ®¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.I mode
¤¬
.B S_IFIFO
¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢¤Þ¤¿¤Ï
.I dev
¤¬ 0 ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢
.BR mknod ()
¤ÎµóÆ°¤Ïµ¬Äꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£¡×
.\"O However, nowadays one should never use
.\"O .BR mknod ()
.\"O for this purpose; one should use
.\"O .BR mkfifo (3),
.\"O a function especially defined for this purpose.
¤·¤«¤·¤Ê¤¬¤é¡¢¸½ºß¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤ÎÌÜŪ¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë
.BR mknod ()
¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£¤³¤ÎÌÜŪ¤Î¤¿¤á¤ËÆÃÊ̤ËÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤¿´Ø¿ô¤Ç¤¢¤ë
.BR mkfifo ()
¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

.\"O Under Linux, this call cannot be used to create directories.
Linux ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤òºîÀ®¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë
¤³¤Î¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¡£
.\"O One should make directories with
.\"O .BR mkdir (2).
¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ï
.BR mkdir (2)
¤ÇºîÀ®¤¹¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.\"O .\" and one should make Unix domain sockets with socket(2) and bind(2).
.\" Unix ¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¤Ï socket(2) ¤È bind(2) ¤ÇºîÀ®¤¹¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

.\"O There are many infelicities in the protocol underlying NFS.
.\"O Some of these affect
.\"O .BR mknod ().
NFS ¤ò¼Â¸½¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤Ë¤Ï¿¤¯¤ÎÉÔÈ÷¤¬Â¸ºß¤·¡¢
¤½¤ì¤é¤Î¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Ï
.BR mknod ()
¤Ë±Æ¶Á¤òÍ¿¤¨¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH SEE ALSO
.SH ´ØÏ¢¹àÌÜ
.BR chmod (2),
.BR chown (2),
.BR fcntl (2),
.BR mkdir (2),
.BR mknodat (2),
.BR mount (2),
.BR socket (2),
.BR stat (2),
.BR umask (2),
.BR unlink (2),
.BR makedev (3),
.BR mkfifo (3),
.BR path_resolution (7)