(split) LDP v3.24 -> v3.29 の定型的な変更内容を反映。

[linuxjm/LDP_man-pages.git] / draft / man3 / fopen.3

.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
.\" Chris Torek and the American National Standards Committee X3,
.\" on Information Processing Systems.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\"     @(#)fopen.3     6.8 (Berkeley) 6/29/91
.\"
.\" Converted for Linux, Mon Nov 29 15:22:01 1993, faith@cs.unc.edu
.\" Modified, aeb, 960421, 970806
.\" Modified, joey, aeb, 2002-01-03
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 YOSHINO Takashi
.\"       all rights reserved.
.\" Translated Thu Feb 13 12:10:38 JST 1997
.\"       by YOSHINO Takashi <yoshino@civil.jcn.nihon-u.ac.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified Mon Mar 1 1999
.\"       by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
.\" Updated 1999-12-08, Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
.\" Updated 2001-12-13, Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
.\" Updated 2002-03-23, Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
.\" Updated 2005-10-15, Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
.\" Updated 2006-07-20, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
.\"
.\"WORD:        file descriptor         ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëµ­½Ò»Ò
.\"WORD:        file position indicator ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë°ÌÃֻؼ¨»Ò
.\"WORD:        indicator               »Ø¼¨»Ò
.\"WORD:        global variable         Âç°èÊÑ¿ô
.\"WORD:        cancellation points     ¼è¤ê¾Ã¤·¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥È
.\"
.TH FOPEN 3  2009-02-23 "GNU" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH ̾Á°
.\"O fopen, fdopen, freopen \- stream open functions
fopen, fdopen, freopen \- ¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤ò³«¤¯´Ø¿ô
.SH ½ñ¼°
.nf
.B #include <stdio.h>
.sp
.BI "FILE *fopen(const char *" path ", const char *" mode );

.BI "FILE *fdopen(int " fd ", const char *" mode );

.BI "FILE *freopen(const char *" path ", const char *" mode ", FILE *" stream );
.fi
.sp
.in -4n
.\"O Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
.\"O .BR feature_test_macros (7)):
glibc ¸þ¤±¤Îµ¡Ç½¸¡ºº¥Þ¥¯¥í¤ÎÍ×·ï
.RB ( feature_test_macros (7)
»²¾È):
.in
.sp
.BR fdopen ():
_POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 1 || _XOPEN_SOURCE || _POSIX_SOURCE
.SH ÀâÌÀ
.\"O The
.\"O .BR fopen ()
.\"O function opens the file whose name is the string pointed to by
.\"O .I path
.\"O and associates a stream with it.
.BR fopen ()
´Ø¿ô¤Ï¡¢
.I path
¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿Ì¾Á°¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò³«¤­¡¢¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤È·ë¤Ó¤Ä¤±¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O The argument
.\"O .I mode
.\"O points to a string beginning with one of the following sequences
.\"O (Additional characters may follow these sequences.):
°ú¿ô
.I mode
¤Ï¡¢°Ê²¼¤Ë³¤¯Ê¸»ú¤Î¤Ò¤È¤Ä¤«¤é»Ï¤Þ¤ëʸ»úÎó¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤Ç¤¢¤ë
(ÄɲäÎʸ»ú¤¬¤³¤Îʸ»ú¤Î¸å¤Ë³¤¯¤³¤È¤â¤¢¤ë):
.TP
.B r
.\"O Open text file for reading.
.\"O The stream is positioned at the beginning of the file.
¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÆɤ߽Ф¹¤¿¤á¤Ë³«¤¯¡£
¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤Ï¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÀèƬ¤Ë°ÌÃÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
.TP
.B r+
.\"O Open for reading and writing.
.\"O The stream is positioned at the beginning of the file.
Æɤ߽Ф·¤ª¤è¤Ó½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë³«¤¯¡£
¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤Ï¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÀèƬ¤Ë°ÌÃÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
.TP
.B w
.\"O Truncate file to zero length or create text file for writing.
.\"O The stream is positioned at the beginning of the file.
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë³«¤¯¡£
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬´û¤Ë¸ºß¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤ÏŤµ¥¼¥í¤ËÀÚ¤êµÍ¤á¤ë¡£
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¿·¤¿¤ËºîÀ®¤¹¤ë¡£
¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤Ï¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÀèƬ¤Ë°ÌÃÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
.TP
.B w+
.\"O Open for reading and writing.
.\"O The file is created if it does not exist, otherwise it is truncated.
.\"O The stream is positioned at the beginning of the file.
Æɤ߽Ф·¤ª¤è¤Ó½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë³«¤¯¡£
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬Â¸ºß¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¿·¤¿¤ËºîÀ®¤¹¤ë¡£
¸ºß¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤ÏŤµ¥¼¥í¤ËÀÚ¤êµÍ¤á¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤Ï¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÀèƬ¤Ë°ÌÃÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
.TP
.B a
.\"O Open for appending (writing at end of file).
.\"O The file is created if it does not exist.
.\"O The stream is positioned at the end of the file.
Äɲà (¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎºÇ¸å¤Ë½ñ¤­¹þ¤à) ¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë³«¤¯¡£
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬Â¸ºß¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¿·¤¿¤ËºîÀ®¤¹¤ë¡£
¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤Ï¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎºÇ¸å¤Ë°ÌÃÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
.TP
.B a+
.\"O Open for reading and appending (writing at end of file).
.\"O The file is created if it does not exist.
.\"O The initial file position for reading is at the beginning of the file,
.\"O but output is always appended to the end of the file.
Æɤ߽Ф·¤ª¤è¤ÓÄɲà (¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎºÇ¸å¤Ë½ñ¤­¹þ¤à) ¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë³«¤¯¡£
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬Â¸ºß¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¿·¤¿¤ËºîÀ®¤¹¤ë¡£
Æɤ߽Ф·¤Î½é´ü¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë°ÌÃ֤ϥե¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÀèƬ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¢
½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß¤Ï¾ï¤Ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎºÇ¸å¤ËÄɲ䵤ì¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O The
.\"O .I mode
.\"O string can also include the letter \(aqb\(aq either as a last character or as
.\"O a character between the characters in any of the two-character strings
.\"O described above.
.\"O This is strictly for compatibility with C89
.\"O and has no effect; the \(aqb\(aq is ignored on all POSIX
.\"O conforming systems, including Linux.
.I mode
ʸ»úÎó¤Ë¤Ïʸ»ú \(aqb\(aq ¤òÄɲûØÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¡¢
.I mode
ʸ»úÎó¤ÎºÇ¸å¤Îʸ»ú¤È¤·¤Æ»ØÄꤹ¤ë¡£
¾åµ­¤Î¤¦¤Á 2 ʸ»ú¤Î¥â¡¼¥É¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï 2 ¤Ä¤Îʸ»ú¤Î´Ö¤Ë»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ï C89 ¤È¤Î¸ß´¹À­¤Î¤¿¤á¤À¤±¤ËÍÑ°Õ¤µ¤ì¤¿
¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢´Ø¿ô¤Î¼Â¹Ô¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤«¤Ê¤ë±Æ¶Á¤â»ý¤¿¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢Linux ¤ò´Þ¤àÁ´¤Æ¤Î POSIX ½àµò¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
¤³¤Î \(aqb\(aq ¤Ï̵»ë¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
.\"O (Other systems may treat text files and binary files differently,
.\"O and adding the \(aqb\(aq may be a good idea if you do I/O to a binary
.\"O file and expect that your program may be ported to non-UNIX
.\"O environments.)
(¤½¤Î¾¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤È¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÊÌ¡¹¤Ë°·¤¦¤â¤Î¤â¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢
¤â¤·¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÆþ½ÐÎϤò¹Ô¤¤¡¢
¤½¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬Èó UNIX ´Ä¶­¤Ø°Ü¿¢¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Èͽ¬¤¹¤ë¤Ê¤é¡¢
\(aqb\(aq¤òÉÕ¤±¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤Î¤ÏÎɤ¤¹Í¤¨¤Ç¤¢¤ë)
.PP
.\"O See NOTES below for details of glibc extensions for
.\"O .IR mode .
.I mode
¤Î glibc ¤Ë¤è¤ë³ÈÄ¥¤Î¾ÜºÙ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï²¼µ­¤Î¡ÖÃí°Õ¡×¤ò»²¾È¡£
.PP
.\"O Any created files will have mode
.\"O .BR S_IRUSR " | " S_IWUSR " | "  S_IRGRP " | "  S_IWGRP " | " S_IROTH " | " S_IWOTH
.\"O (0666), as modified by the process's umask value (see
.\"O .BR umask (2)).
¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ÎÀ¸À®¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¡¢
.BR S_IRUSR " | " S_IWUSR " | "  S_IRGRP " | "  S_IWGRP " | " S_IROTH " | " S_IWOTH
(0666) ¤Î¥â¡¼¥É¤ò
¤½¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î umask Ãͤˤè¤Ã¤Æ½¤Àµ¤·¤¿¥â¡¼¥É¤ò»ý¤Ä
.RB ( umask (2)
¤ò¸«¤è)¡£
.PP
.\"O Reads and writes may be intermixed on read/write streams in any order.
.\"O Note that ANSI C requires that a file positioning function intervene
.\"O between output and input, unless an input operation encounters end-of-file.
.\"O (If this condition is not met, then a read is allowed to return the
.\"O result of writes other than the most recent.)
.\"O Therefore it is good practice (and indeed sometimes necessary
.\"O under Linux) to put an
.\"O .BR fseek (3)
.\"O or
.\"O .BR fgetpos (3)
.\"O operation between write and read operations on such a stream.
.\"O This operation may be an apparent no-op
.\"O (as in \fIfseek(..., 0L, SEEK_CUR)\fP
.\"O called for its synchronizing side effect.
Æɤ߽Ф·/½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤ÏǤ°Õ¤Î½ç½ø¤ÇÆɤ߽ñ¤­¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤¿¤À¤· ANSI C ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
(ÆþÎÏÁàºî¤¬¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎËöÈø¤ËÅþ㤷¤¿¾ì¹ç¤ò½ü¤¤¤Æ)
½ÐÎϤÈÆþÎϤδ֤ˤϥե¡¥¤¥ë¤Î°ÌÃÖ·è¤á´Ø¿ô¤ò
¶´¤Þ¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤µ¤ì¤¿¤¤
(¤³¤Î¾ò·ï¤òËþ­¤·¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢Æɤ߹þ¤ßÁàºî¤Ï¡¢
ºÇ¸å¤Ë½ñ¤­¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ê¤¯¡¢°ÊÁ°¤Ë½ñ¤­¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤¿
ÃͤòÊÖ¤¹¤³¤È¤òµö¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë)¡£
¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤Ç¤ÎÆɤ߽ñ¤­Áàºî¤Î´Ö¤Ë¤Ï
.BR fseek (3)
¤Þ¤¿¤Ï
.BR fgetpos (3)
Áàºî¤ò¶´¤ó¤Ç¤ª¤¯¤ÈÎɤ¤¤À¤í¤¦
(Linux ¤Ç¤ÏËÜÅö¤ËɬÍפȤʤ뤳¤È¤â¤È¤­¤É¤­¤¢¤ë)¡£
¤³¤ÎÁàºî¤Ï¸«¤«¤±¾å²¿¤â¤·¤Ê¤¤Áàºî (no-op) ¤Ç¤âÎɤ¤
(Î㤨¤Ð \fIfseek(..., 0L, SEEK_CUR)\fP ¤ò
¤½¤ÎÉû¼¡Åª¸ú²Ì¤Ç¤¢¤ëƱ´ü¤Î¤¿¤á¤À¤±¤Ë¸Æ¤Ù¤ÐÎɤ¤)¡£
.PP
.\"O Opening a file in append mode (\fBa\fP as the first character of
.\"O .IR mode )
.\"O causes all subsequent write operations to this stream to occur
.\"O at end-of-file, as if preceded by an
.\"O .nf
.\"O 
.\"O     fseek(stream,0,SEEK_END);
.\"O .fi
.\"O .PP
.\"O call.
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÄɲå⡼¥É
.RI ( mode
¤ÎºÇ½é¤Îʸ»ú¤ò \fBa\fP ¤Ë¤¹¤ë) ¤Ç³«¤¯¤È¡¢
¤³¤Î¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤ËÂФ¹¤ë½ñ¤­¹þ¤ßÁàºî¤Ï (Àè¤Ë
.nf

    fseek(stream,0,SEEK_END);

.fi
¤Î¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤¿¤«¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë) ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëËöÈø¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O The
.\"O .BR fdopen ()
.\"O function associates a stream with the existing file descriptor,
.\"O .IR fd .
.BR fdopen ()
´Ø¿ô¤Ï¡¢´û¸¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëµ­½Ò»Ò
.I fd
¤Ë¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤ò·ë¤Ó¤Ä¤±¤ë¡£
.\"O The
.\"O .I mode
.\"O of the stream (one of the values "r", "r+", "w", "w+", "a", "a+")
.\"O must be compatible with the mode of the file descriptor.
¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤Î
.I mode
("r", "r+", "w", "w+", "a", "a+" ¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«) ¤Ï
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëµ­½Ò»Ò¤Î¥â¡¼¥É¤È¸ß´¹¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
.\"O The file position indicator of the new stream is set to that
.\"O belonging to
.\"O .IR fd ,
.\"O and the error and end-of-file indicators are cleared.
.\"O Modes "w" or "w+" do not cause truncation of the file.
¿·¤·¤¤¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë°ÌÃֻؼ¨»Ò¤Ï
.I fd
¤Ë°¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ëÃͤËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¡£
error ¤È end-of-file ¤Î³Æ»Ø¼¨»Ò¤Ï¥¯¥ê¥¢¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
"w" ¤ª¤è¤Ó "w+" ¥â¡¼¥É¤Ç¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÀÚ¤êµÍ¤á¤Ï¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
.\"O The file descriptor is not dup'ed, and will be closed when
.\"O the stream created by
.\"O .BR fdopen ()
.\"O is closed.
.\"O The result of applying
.\"O .BR fdopen ()
.\"O to a shared memory object is undefined.
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëµ­½Ò»Ò¤ÎÊ£À½¤Ï¹Ô¤Ê¤ï¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
.BR fdopen ()
¤ÇºîÀ®¤µ¤ì¤¿¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤¬ÊĤ¸¤é¤ì¤¿¤È¤­¤Ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëµ­½Ò»Ò¤â
ÊĤ¸¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
¶¦Í­¥á¥â¥ê¤Î¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Ø
.BR fdopen ()
¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤¿¤È¤­¤Î·ë²Ì¤ÏÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
.PP
.\"O The
.\"O .BR freopen ()
.\"O function opens the file whose name is the string pointed to by
.\"O .I path
.\"O and associates the stream pointed to by
.\"O .I stream
.\"O with it.
.\"O The original stream (if it exists) is closed.
.\"O The
.\"O .I mode
.\"O argument is used just as in the
.\"O .BR fopen ()
.\"O function.
.\"O The primary use of the
.\"O .BR freopen ()
.\"O function is to change the file associated with a standard text stream
.\"O .RI ( stderr ", " stdin ", or " stdout ).
.BR freopen ()
´Ø¿ô¤Ï
.I path
¤Ç̾Á°¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò³«¤­¡¢
.I stream
¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤Ë¡¢¤½¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò·ë¤Ó¤Ä¤±¤ë¡£
¤â¤È¤Î¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤Ï (¤â¤·Â¸ºß¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï) ÊĤ¸¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
.I mode
°ú¿ô¤Ï
.BR fopen ()
´Ø¿ô¤ÈƱ¤¸·Á¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
.BR freopen ()
´Ø¿ô¤Î¼ç¤ÊÍÑÅӤϡ¢É¸½à¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à
.RI ( stderr ", " stdin ", " stdout )
¤ÈÂбþÉÕ¤±¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.SH ÊÖ¤êÃÍ
.\"O Upon successful completion
.\"O .BR fopen (),
.\"O .BR fdopen ()
.\"O and
.\"O .BR freopen ()
.\"O return a
.\"O .I FILE
.\"O pointer.
.\"O Otherwise, NULL is returned and
.\"O .I errno
.\"O is set to indicate the error.
.BR fopen (),
.BR fdopen (),
.BR freopen ()
¤ÏÀ®¸ù¤¹¤ë¤È
.I FILE
·¿¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
¼ºÇÔ¤¹¤ë¤È NULL ¤¬ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¡¢
.I errno
¤¬¥¨¥é¡¼¤ò¼¨¤¹Ãͤ˥»¥Ã¥È¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
.SH ¥¨¥é¡¼
.TP
.B EINVAL
.\"O The
.\"O .I mode
.\"O provided to
.\"O .BR fopen (),
.\"O .BR fdopen (),
.\"O or
.\"O .BR freopen ()
.\"O was invalid.
.BR fopen (),
.BR fdopen (),
.BR freopen ()
¤ÇÍ¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤¿
.I mode
¤¬ÉÔŬÀڤǤ¢¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O The
.\"O .BR fopen (),
.\"O .BR fdopen ()
.\"O and
.\"O .BR freopen ()
.\"O functions may also fail and set
.\"O .I errno
.\"O for any of the errors specified for the routine
.\"O .BR malloc (3).
.BR fopen (),
.BR fdopen (),
.BR freopen ()
´Ø¿ô¤Ï
.BR malloc (3)
¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Çµ¬Äꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¨¥é¡¼¤Ç¤â¼ºÇÔ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ê¡¢
¤½¤Î»þ¤ÏÂбþ¤¹¤ëÃͤË
.I errno
¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O The
.\"O .BR fopen ()
.\"O function may also fail and set
.\"O .I errno
.\"O for any of the errors specified for the routine
.\"O .BR open (2).
.BR fopen ()
´Ø¿ô¤Ï
.BR open (2)
¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Çµ¬Äꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¨¥é¡¼¤Ç¤â¼ºÇÔ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ê¡¢
¤½¤Î»þ¤ÏÂбþ¤¹¤ëÃͤË
.I errno
¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O The
.\"O .BR fdopen ()
.\"O function may also fail and set
.\"O .I errno
.\"O for any of the errors specified for the routine
.\"O .BR fcntl (2).
.BR fdopen ()
´Ø¿ô¤Ï
.BR fcntl (2)
¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Çµ¬Äꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¨¥é¡¼¤Ç¤â¼ºÇÔ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ê¡¢
¤½¤Î»þ¤ÏÂбþ¤¹¤ëÃͤË
.I errno
¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O The
.\"O .BR freopen ()
.\"O function may also fail and set
.\"O .I errno
.\"O for any of the errors specified for the routines
.\"O .BR open (2),
.\"O .BR fclose (3)
.\"O and
.\"O .BR fflush (3).
.BR freopen ()
´Ø¿ô¤Ï
.BR open (2),
.BR fclose (3),
.BR fflush (3)
³Æ¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Çµ¬Äꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¨¥é¡¼¤Ç¤â¼ºÇÔ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ê¡¢
¤½¤Î»þ¤ÏÂбþ¤¹¤ëÃͤË
.I errno
¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¡£
.SH ½àµò
.\"O The
.\"O .BR fopen ()
.\"O and
.\"O .BR freopen ()
.\"O functions conform to C89.
.\"O The
.\"O .BR fdopen ()
.\"O function conforms to POSIX.1-1990.
.BR fopen ()
´Ø¿ô¤È
.BR freopen ()
´Ø¿ô¤Ï C89¤Ë½àµò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.BR fdopen ()
´Ø¿ô¤Ï POSIX.1-1990 ¤Ë½àµò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH NOTES
.\"O .SS Glibc Notes
.SH Ãí°Õ
.SS glibc ¤Ç¤ÎÃí°Õ
.\"O The GNU C library allows the following extensions for the string specified in
.\"O .IR mode :
GNU C ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
.I mode
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.TP
.\"O .BR c " (since glibc 2.3.3)"
.BR c " (glibc 2.3.3 °Ê¹ß)"
.\"O Do not make the open operation,
.\"O or subsequent read and write operations,
.\"O thread cancellation points.
open Áàºî¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ë³¤¯ read/write Áàºî¤Î¡¢
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.TP
.\"O .BR e " (since glibc 2.7)"
.BR e " (glibc 2.7 °Ê¹ß)"
.\"O Open the file with the
.\"O .B O_CLOEXEC
.\"O flag.
.\"O See
.\"O .BR open (2)
.\"O for more information.
.B O_CLOEXEC
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.BR open (2)
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.TP
.\"O .BR m " (since glibc 2.3)"
.BR m " (glibc 2.3 °Ê¹ß)"
.\"O Attempt to access the file using
.\"O .BR mmap (2),
.\"O rather than I/O system calls
.\"O .RB ( read (2),
.\"O .BR write (2)).
.\"O Currently,
.\"O .\" As at glibc 2.4:
.\"O use of
.\"O .BR mmap (2)
.\"O is only attempted for a file opened for reading.
I/O ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥³¡¼¥ë
.RB ( read (2),
.BR write (2))
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.BR mmap (2)
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.\" glibc 2.4 ¤Ç¤Ï
.BR mmap (2)
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.TP
.B x
.\"O Open the file exclusively
.\"O (like the
.\"O .B O_EXCL
.\"O flag of
.\"O .BR open (2)).
.\"O If the file already exists,
.\"O .BR fopen ()
.\"O fails, and sets
.\"O .I errno
.\"O to
.\"O .BR EEXIST .
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.RB ( open (2)
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.B O_EXCL
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.BR fopen ()
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.I errno
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.B EEXIST
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.\"O This flag is ignored for
.\"O .BR fdopen ().
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.BR fdopen ()
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.\" FIXME document /,ccs= charset/
.\"O .SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH ´ØÏ¢¹àÌÜ
.BR open (2),
.BR fclose (3),
.BR fileno (3),
.BR fmemopen (3),
.BR fopencookie (3)