(split) LDP v3.24 -> v3.29 の定型的な変更内容を反映。

[linuxjm/LDP_man-pages.git] / draft / man3 / getpwnam.3

.\" Copyright 1993 David Metcalfe (david@prism.demon.co.uk)
.\" and Copyright 2008, Linux Foundation, written by Michael Kerrisk
.\"     <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
.\" preserved on all copies.
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
.\" permission notice identical to this one.
.\"
.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date.  The author(s) assume no
.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
.\" the use of the information contained herein.  The author(s) may not
.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
.\" professionally.
.\"
.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
.\"
.\" References consulted:
.\"     Linux libc source code
.\"     Lewine's "POSIX Programmer's Guide" (O'Reilly & Associates, 1991)
.\"     386BSD man pages
.\"
.\" Modified 1993-07-24 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
.\" Modified 1996-05-27 by Martin Schulze (joey@linux.de)
.\" Modified 2003-11-15 by aeb
.\" 2008-11-07, mtk, Added an example program for getpwnam_r().
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 HIROFUMI Nishizuka
.\"     all rights reserved.
.\" Translated 1997-12-18, HIROFUMI Nishizuka <nishi@rpts.cl.nec.co.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified 2004-01-06, Yuichi SATO <ysato444@yahoo.co.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified 2005-09-06, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified 2005-10-08, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
.\" Updated 2008-12-24, Akihiro MOTOKI, LDP v3.14
.\"
.TH GETPWNAM 3  2009-03-30 "GNU" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.\"O .SH NAME
.SH ̾Á°
.\"O getpwnam, getpwnam_r, getpwuid, getpwuid_r \- get password file entry
getpwnam, getpwnam_r, getpwuid, getpwuid_r \- ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Î¼èÆÀ
.\"O .SH SYNOPSIS
.SH ½ñ¼°
.nf
.B #include <sys/types.h>
.B #include <pwd.h>
.sp
.BI "struct passwd *getpwnam(const char *" name );
.sp
.BI "struct passwd *getpwuid(uid_t " uid );
.sp
.BI "int getpwnam_r(const char *" name ", struct passwd *" pwd ,
.br
.BI "            char *" buf ", size_t " buflen ", struct passwd **" result );
.sp
.BI "int getpwuid_r(uid_t " uid ", struct passwd *" pwd ,
.br
.BI "            char *" buf ", size_t " buflen ", struct passwd **" result );
.fi
.sp
.in -4n
.\"O Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
.\"O .BR feature_test_macros (7)):
glibc ¸þ¤±¤Îµ¡Ç½¸¡ºº¥Þ¥¯¥í¤ÎÍ×·ï
.RB ( feature_test_macros (7)
»²¾È):
.in
.sp
.ad l
.BR getpwnam_r (),
.BR getpwuid_r ():
.RS 4
_POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 1 || _XOPEN_SOURCE || _BSD_SOURCE ||
_SVID_SOURCE || _POSIX_SOURCE
.RE
.ad b
.\"O .SH DESCRIPTION
.SH ÀâÌÀ
.\"O The
.\"O .BR getpwnam ()
.\"O function returns a pointer to a structure containing
.\"O the broken-out fields of the record in the password database
.\"O (e.g., the local password file
.\"O .IR /etc/passwd ,
.\"O NIS, and LDAP)
.\"O that matches the username
.\"O .IR name .
.BR getpwnam ()
´Ø¿ô¤Ï¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾
.I name
¤Ë¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¡¦¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò
Í×ÁÇËè¤Ëʬ²ò¤·¡¢³ÆÍ×ÁǤò³ÊǼ¤·¤¿¹½Â¤ÂΤؤΥݥ¤¥ó¥¿¤òÊÖ¤¹
(¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¡¦¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤ÎÎã:
¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë
.IR /etc/passwd ,
NIS, LDAP)¡£
.PP
.\"O The
.\"O .BR getpwuid ()
.\"O function returns a pointer to a structure containing
.\"O the broken-out fields of the record in the password database
.\"O that matches the user ID
.\"O .IR uid .
.BR getpwuid ()
´Ø¿ô¤Ï¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶ ID
.I uid
¤Ë¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¡¦¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò
Í×ÁÇËè¤Ëʬ²ò¤·¡¢³ÆÍ×ÁǤò³ÊǼ¤·¤¿¹½Â¤ÂΤؤΥݥ¤¥ó¥¿¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
.PP
.\"O The
.\"O .BR getpwnam_r ()
.\"O and
.\"O .BR getpwuid_r ()
.\"O functions obtain the same information, but store the retrieved
.\"O .I passwd
.\"O structure in the space pointed to by
.\"O .IR pwd .
.BR getpwnam_r ()
¤È
.BR getpwuid_r ()
´Ø¿ô¤Ï (¾åµ­¤Î´Ø¿ô¤È) Ʊ¤¸¾ðÊó¤ò¼èÆÀ¤¹¤ë¤¬¡¢
¼èÆÀ¤·¤¿
.I passwd
¹½Â¤ÂΤò
.I pwd
¤¬»Ø¤¹Îΰè¤Ë³ÊǼ¤¹¤ë¡£
.\"O This
.\"O .I passwd
.\"O structure contains pointers to strings, and these strings
.\"O are stored in the buffer
.\"O .I buf
.\"O of size
.\"O .IR buflen .
¤³¤Î
.I passwd
¹½Â¤ÂΤˤÏʸ»úÎó¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¡¢
¤³¤ì¤é¤Îʸ»úÎó¤Ï¥µ¥¤¥º
.I buflen
¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡
.I buf
¤Ë³ÊǼ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
.\"O A pointer to the result (in case of success) or NULL (in case no entry
.\"O was found or an error occurred) is stored in
.\"O .IR *result .
À®¸ù¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç
.I *result
¤Ë¤Ï·ë²Ì¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤¬³ÊǼ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬¸«¤Ä¤«¤é¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤ä¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬È¯À¸¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï
.I *result
¤Ë¤Ï NULL ¤¬Æþ¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O The \fIpasswd\fP structure is defined in \fI<pwd.h>\fP as follows:
\fIpasswd\fP ¹½Â¤ÂΤϡ¢\fI<pwd.h>\fP ¤Ç°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë:
.sp
.in +4n
.nf
struct passwd {
.\"O     char   *pw_name;       /* username */
.\"O     char   *pw_passwd;     /* user password */
.\"O     uid_t   pw_uid;        /* user ID */
.\"O     gid_t   pw_gid;        /* group ID */
.\"O     char   *pw_gecos;      /* real name */
.\"O     char   *pw_dir;        /* home directory */
.\"O     char   *pw_shell;      /* shell program */
    char   *pw_name;       /* ¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾ */
    char   *pw_passwd;     /* ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É */
    uid_t   pw_uid;        /* ¥æ¡¼¥¶ ID */
    gid_t   pw_gid;        /* ¥°¥ë¡¼¥× ID */
    char   *pw_gecos;      /* ¼Â̾ */
    char   *pw_dir;        /* ¥Û¡¼¥à¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê */
    char   *pw_shell;      /* ¥·¥§¥ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à */
};
.fi
.in
.PP
.\"O The maximum needed size for
.\"O .I buf
.\"O can be found using
.\"O .BR sysconf (3)
.\"O with the argument
.\"O .BR _SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX .
.I buf
¤ËºÇÂçɬÍפʥµ¥¤¥º¤Ï¡¢
.BR sysconf (3)
¤Ë°ú¤­¿ô
.B _SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX
¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Çʬ¤«¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH ÊÖ¤êÃÍ
.\"O The
.\"O .BR getpwnam ()
.\"O and
.\"O .BR getpwuid ()
.\"O functions return a pointer to a
.\"O .I passwd
.\"O structure, or NULL if the matching entry is not found or
.\"O an error occurs.
.BR getpwnam ()
¤È
.BR getpwuid ()
´Ø¿ô¤Ï¡¢
.I passwd
¹½Â¤ÂΤؤΥݥ¤¥ó¥¿¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
°ìÃפ¹¤ë¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬¸«¤Ä¤«¤é¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤ä¡¢¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬È¯À¸¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï NULL ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
.\"O If an error occurs,
.\"O .I errno
.\"O is set appropriately.
.\"O If one wants to check
.\"O .I errno
.\"O after the call, it should be set to zero before the call.
¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬µ¯¤³¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢
.I errno
¤¬Å¬ÀÚ¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¡£
¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤Î¸å¤Ç
.I errno
¤ò¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤·¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢
¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤ÎÁ°¤Ë (¤³¤ÎÃͤò) 0 ¤ËÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.LP
.\"O The return value may point to a static area, and may be overwritten
.\"O by subsequent calls to
.\"O .BR getpwent (3),
.\"O .BR getpwnam (),
.\"O or
.\"O .BR getpwuid ().
.\"O (Do not pass the returned pointer to
.\"O .BR free (3).)
ÊÖ¤êÃͤÏÀÅŪ¤ÊÎΰè¤ò»Ø¤·¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢¤½¤Î¸å¤Î
.BR getpwent (3),
.BR getpwnam (),
.BR getpwuid ()
¤Î¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤Ç¾å½ñ¤­¤µ¤ì¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
(ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤ò
.BR free (3)
¤ËÅϤµ¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¡£)
.LP
.\"O On success,
.\"O .BR getpwnam_r ()
.\"O and
.\"O .BR getpwuid_r ()
.\"O return zero, and set
.\"O .IR *result
.\"O to
.\"O .IR pwd .
.\"O If no matching password record was found,
.\"O these functions return 0 and store NULL in
.\"O .IR *result .
.\"O In case of error, an error number is returned, and NULL is stored in
.\"O .IR *result .
À®¸ù¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢
.BR getpwnam_r ()
¤È
.BR getpwuid_r ()
¤Ï 0 ¤òÊÖ¤·¡¢
.I *result
¤Ë
.I pwd
¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£
¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¡¦¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬¸«¤Ä¤«¤é¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
0 ¤òÊÖ¤·¡¢
.I *result
¤Ë NULL ¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£
¥¨¥é¡¼¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢¥¨¥é¡¼ÈÖ¹æ¤òÊÖ¤·¡¢
.I *result
¤Ë NULL ¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH ERRORS
.SH ¥¨¥é¡¼
.TP
.\"O .BR 0 " or " ENOENT " or " ESRCH " or " EBADF " or " EPERM " or ... "
.BR 0 " ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï " ENOENT " ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï " ESRCH " ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï " EBADF " ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï " EPERM " ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï ... "
.\"O The given
.\"O .I name
.\"O or
.\"O .I uid
.\"O was not found.
»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿
.I name
¤Þ¤¿¤Ï
.I uid
¤¬¸«¤Ä¤«¤é¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¡£
.TP
.B EINTR
.\"O A signal was caught.
¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤¬¥­¥ã¥Ã¥Á¤µ¤ì¤¿¡£
.TP
.B EIO
.\"O I/O error.
I/O ¥¨¥é¡¼¡£
.TP
.B EMFILE
.\"O The maximum number
.\"O .RB ( OPEN_MAX )
.\"O of files was open already in the calling process.
¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤¿¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¢
´û¤ËºÇÂç¿ô (OPEN_MAX) ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.TP
.B ENFILE
.\"O The maximum number of files was open already in the system.
¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¾å¤Ç´û¤ËºÇÂç¿ô¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.TP
.B ENOMEM
.\" not in POSIX
.\"O Insufficient memory to allocate
.\"O .I passwd
.\"O structure.
.\"O .\" This structure is static, allocated 0 or 1 times. No memory leak. (libc45)
.\" POSIX ¤Ë¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£
.I passwd
¹½Â¤ÂΤò³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¥á¥â¥ê¤¬ÉÔ½½Ê¬¡£
.\" ¤³¤Î¹½Â¤ÂΤÏÀÅŪ¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢0 ²ó¤Þ¤¿¤Ï 1 ²ó³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
.\" ¥á¥â¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¯¤Ï̵¤¤¡£(libc45)
.TP
.B ERANGE
.\"O Insufficient buffer space supplied.
Í¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤¿¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¶õ´Ö¤¬ÉÔ½½Ê¬¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH FILES
.SH ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë
.TP
.I /etc/passwd
.\"O local password database file
¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¡¦¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë
.\"O .SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH ½àµò
SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
.\"O .SH NOTES
.SH Ãí°Õ
.\"O The formulation given above under "RETURN VALUE" is from POSIX.1-2001.
¾åµ­¤Î¡ÖÊÖ¤êÃ͡װʲ¼¤Îµ­½Ò¤Ï POSIX.1-2001 ¤Ëµò¤ë¡£
.\"O It does not call "not found" an error, and hence does not specify what value
.\"O .I errno
.\"O might have in this situation.
.\"O But that makes it impossible to recognize
.\"O errors.
.\"O One might argue that according to POSIX
.\"O .I errno
.\"O should be left unchanged if an entry is not found.
.\"O Experiments on various
.\"O UNIX-like systems show that lots of different values occur in this
.\"O situation: 0, ENOENT, EBADF, ESRCH, EWOULDBLOCK, EPERM and probably others.
¤³¤Îɸ½à¤Ï¡Ö(¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬) ¸«¤Ä¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¡×¤ò¥¨¥é¡¼¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢
¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤Ë
.I errno
¤¬¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÃͤˤʤ뤫¤òÄê¤á¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¡¢¥¨¥é¡¼¤òǧ¼±¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ÏÉÔ²Äǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
POSIX ¤Ë½àµò¤·¤Æ¡¢¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬¸«¤Ä¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï
.I errno
¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡¢¤È¼çÄ¥¤¹¤ë¿Í¤â¤¤¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
ÍÍ¡¹¤Ê UNIX ·Ï¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç»î¤·¤Æ¤ß¤ë¤È¡¢¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï
0, ENOENT, EBADF, ESRCH, EWOULDBLOCK, EPERM ¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿ÍÍ¡¹¤ÊÃͤ¬ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
¾¤ÎÃͤ¬ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
.\"O .\" more precisely:
.\"O .\" AIX 5.1 - gives ESRCH
.\"O .\" OSF1 4.0g - gives EWOULDBLOCK
.\"O .\" libc, glibc up to version 2.6, Irix 6.5 - give ENOENT
.\"O .\" glibc since version 2.7 - give 0
.\"O .\" FreeBSD 4.8, OpenBSD 3.2, NetBSD 1.6 - give EPERM
.\"O .\" SunOS 5.8 - gives EBADF
.\"O .\" Tru64 5.1b, HP-UX-11i, SunOS 5.7 - give 0
.\" ¤è¤êÀµ³Î¤Ë¤Ï:
.\" AIX 5.1 ¤Ï ESRCH ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
.\" OSF1 4.0g ¤Ï EWOULDBLOCK ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
.\" libc, glibc (¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó 2.6 ¤Þ¤Ç), Irix 6.5 ¤Ï ENOENT ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
.\" glibc (¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó 2.7 °Ê¹ß) ¤Ï 0 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
.\" FreeBSD 4.8, OpenBSD 3.2, NetBSD 1.6 ¤Ï EPERM ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
.\" SunOS 5.8 ¤Ï EBADF ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
.\" Tru64 5.1b, HP-UX-11i, SunOS 5.7 ¤Ï 0 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£

.\"O The
.\"O .I pw_dir
.\"O field contains the name of the initial working directory of the user.
¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É
.I pw_dir
¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Îºî¶È¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê̾¤Î½é´üÃͤ¬³ÊǼ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
.\"O Login programs use the value of this field to initialize the
.\"O .B HOME
.\"O environment variable for the login shell.
.\"O An application that wants to determine its user's home directory
.\"O should inspect the value of
.\"O .B HOME
.\"O (rather than the value
.\"O .IR getpwuid(getuid())\->pw_dir )
.\"O since this allows the user to modify their notion of
.\"O "the home directory" during a login session.
.\"O To determine the (initial) home directory of another user,
.\"O it is necessary to use
.\"O .I getpwnam("username")\->pw_dir
.\"O or similar.
¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Î¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤ÎÃͤò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢
¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¥·¥§¥ë¤Î
.B HOME
´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¤ò½é´ü²½¤¹¤ë¡£
¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥Û¡¼¥à¡¦¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ò·èÄꤹ¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
.RI ( getpwuid(getuid())\->pw_dir
¤ÎÃͤǤϤʤ¯)
.B HOME
¤ÎÃͤò¸¡ºº¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤Ê¤¼¤Ê¤é¡¢¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¡¦¥»¥Ã¥·¥ç¥óÃæ¤Ç
¡Ö¥Û¡¼¥à¡¦¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¡×¤Î°ÕÌ£¤òÊѹ¹¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤«¤é¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
Ê̤Υ桼¥¶¤Î¥Û¡¼¥à¡¦¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê (¤Î½é´üÃÍ) ¤òÃΤë¤Ë¤Ï
.I getpwnam("username")\->pw_dir
¤«Æ±ÍͤÎÊýË¡¤ò»È¤¦É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH EXAMPLE
.SH Îã
.\"O The program below demonstrates the use of
.\"O .BR getpwnam_r ()
.\"O to find the full username and user ID for the username
.\"O supplied as a command-line argument.
°Ê²¼¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ï
.BR getpwnam_r ()
¤Î»ÈÍÑÎã¤ò¼¨¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¡¢¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó°ú¤­¿ô¤ÇÅϤµ¤ì¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¤ËÂФ¹¤ë
´°Á´¤Ê¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¤È¥æ¡¼¥¶ ID ¤òõ¤¹¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

.nf
#include <pwd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    struct passwd pwd;
    struct passwd *result;
    char *buf;
    size_t bufsize;
    int s;

    if (argc != 2) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s username\\n", argv[0]);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
.\"O     if (bufsize == \-1)          /* Value was indeterminate */
.\"O         bufsize = 16384;        /* Should be more than enough */
    if (bufsize == \-1)          /* Ãͤò·èÄê¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿ */
        bufsize = 16384;        /* ½½Ê¬Â礭¤ÊÃͤˤ¹¤Ù¤­ */

    buf = malloc(bufsize);
    if (buf == NULL) {
        perror("malloc");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    s = getpwnam_r(argv[1], &pwd, buf, bufsize, &result);
    if (result == NULL) {
        if (s == 0)
            printf("Not found\\n");
        else {
            errno = s;
            perror("getpwnam_r");
        }
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    printf("Name: %s; UID: %ld\\n", pwd.pw_gecos, (long) pwd.pw_uid);
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
.fi
.\"O .SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH ´ØÏ¢¹àÌÜ
.BR endpwent (3),
.BR fgetpwent (3),
.BR getgrnam (3),
.BR getpw (3),
.BR getpwent (3),
.BR getspnam (3),
.BR putpwent (3),
.BR setpwent (3),
.BR passwd (5)