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[linuxjm/LDP_man-pages.git] / draft / man3 / scandir.3

.\" Copyright (C) 1993 David Metcalfe (david@prism.demon.co.uk)
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
.\" preserved on all copies.
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
.\" permission notice identical to this one.
.\"
.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date.  The author(s) assume no
.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
.\" the use of the information contained herein.  The author(s) may not
.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
.\" professionally.
.\"
.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
.\"
.\" References consulted:
.\"     Linux libc source code
.\"     Lewine's _POSIX Programmer's Guide_ (O'Reilly & Associates, 1991)
.\"     386BSD man pages
.\" Modified Sat Jul 24 18:26:16 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
.\" Modified Thu Apr 11 17:11:33 1996 by Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl):
.\"     Corrected type of compar routines, as suggested by
.\"     Miguel Barreiro (enano@avalon.yaix.es).  Added example.
.\" Modified Sun Sep 24 20:15:46 2000 by aeb, following Petter Reinholdtsen.
.\" Modified 2001-12-26 by aeb, following Joey. Added versionsort.
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1998 Hiroaki Nagoya all rights reserved.
.\" Translated Thu May 28 1998 by Hiroaki Nagoya <nagoya@is.titech.ac.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified Sat Jan 19 18:22:21 JST 2002
.\"         by Yuichi SATO <ysato@h4.dion.ne.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified Sun Jan 16 08:12:04 JST 2005
.\"         by Yuichi SATO <ysato444@yahoo.co.jp>
.\"
.TH SCANDIR 3  2009-02-10 "GNU" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.\"O .SH NAME
.SH ̾Á°
.\"O scandir, alphasort, versionsort \- scan a directory for matching entries
scandir, alphasort, versionsort \- ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤òÁöºº¤¹¤ë
.\"O .SH SYNOPSIS
.SH ½ñ¼°
.nf
.B #include <dirent.h>
.sp
.BI "int scandir(const char *" dirp ", struct dirent ***" namelist ,
.RS
.BI "int (*" filter ")(const struct dirent *),"
.BI "int (*" compar ")(const struct dirent **, const struct dirent **));"
.RE
.sp
.BI "int alphasort(const void *" a ", const void *" b );
.sp
.BI "int versionsort(const void *" a ", const void *" b );
.fi
.sp
.in -4n
.\"O Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
.\"O .BR feature_test_macros (7)):
glibc ¸þ¤±¤Îµ¡Ç½¸¡ºº¥Þ¥¯¥í¤ÎÍ×·ï
.RB ( feature_test_macros (7)
»²¾È):
.in
.sp
.BR scandir (),
.BR alphasort ():
_BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE
.br
.BR versionsort ():
_GNU_SOURCE
.\"O .SH DESCRIPTION
.SH ÀâÌÀ
.\"O The
.\"O .BR scandir ()
.\"O function scans the directory \fIdirp\fP, calling
.\"O \fIfilter\fP() on each directory entry.
.\"O Entries for which
.\"O \fIfilter\fP() returns nonzero are stored in strings allocated via
.\"O .BR malloc (3),
.\"O sorted using
.\"O .BR qsort (3)
.\"O with the comparison
.\"O function \fIcompar\fP() and collected in array \fInamelist\fP
.\"O which is allocated via
.\"O .BR malloc (3).
.\"O If \fIfilter\fP is NULL, all entries are selected.
´Ø¿ô
.BR scandir ()
¤Ï¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê \fIdirp\fP ¤òÁöºº¤·¡¢
¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î³Æ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò°ú¤­¿ô¤È¤·¤Æ
.BR filter ()
¤ò¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤¹¡£
.BR filter ()
¤¬ 0 °Ê³°¤ÎÃͤòÊÖ¤¹¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ï
.BR malloc (3)
¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ
³ÎÊݤµ¤ì¤¿Ê¸»úÎó¤ËÊݸ¤µ¤ì¡¢Èæ³Ó´Ø¿ô
.BR compar ()
¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ
.BR qsort (3)
¤Ë¤è¤ê¥½¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¡¢
.BR malloc (3)
¤Ë¤è¤ê³ÎÊݤµ¤ì¤¿ÇÛÎó
\fInamelist\fP ¤Ë¤Þ¤È¤á¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
\fIfilter\fP ¤¬ NULL ¤Ê¤é¤Ð¡¢¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬ÁªÂò¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
.LP
.\"O The
.\"O .BR alphasort ()
.\"O and
.\"O .BR versionsort ()
.\"O functions can be used as the comparison function
.\"O .IR compar ().
Èæ³Ó´Ø¿ô
.IR compar ()
¤Ë¤Ï
.BR alphasort ()
´Ø¿ô¤È
.BR versionsort ()
´Ø¿ô¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.\"O The former sorts directory entries using
.\"O .BR strcoll (3),
.\"O the latter using
.\"O .BR strverscmp (3)
.\"O on the strings \fI(*a)\->d_name\fP and \fI(*b)\->d_name\fP.
.BR alphasort ()
¤Ï
.BR strcoll (3)
¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò¥½¡¼¥È¤·¡¢
.BR versionsort ()
¤Ïʸ»úÎó \fI(*a)\->d_name\fP ¤È \fI(*b)\->d_name\fP ¤ËÂФ·¤Æ
.BR strverscmp (3)
¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH ÊÖ¤êÃÍ
.\"O The
.\"O .BR scandir ()
.\"O function returns the number of directory entries
.\"O selected or \-1 if an error occurs.
´Ø¿ô
.BR scandir ()
¤ÏÁªÂò¤µ¤ì¤¿¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Î¿ô¤«¡¢
(¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬È¯À¸¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç) \-1 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
.PP
.\"O The
.\"O .BR alphasort ()
.\"O and
.\"O .BR versionsort ()
.\"O functions return an integer less than, equal to,
.\"O or greater than zero if the first argument is considered to be
.\"O respectively less than, equal to, or greater than the second.
´Ø¿ô
.BR alphasort ()
¤È
.BR versionsort ()
¤Ï 1 ÈÖÌܤΰú¤­¿ô¤¬ 2 ÈÖÌܤΰú¤­¿ô¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¡¢
[¾®¤µ¤¤/Åù¤·¤¤/Â礭¤¤] ¤«¤Ë±þ¤¸¤Æ¡¢0 ¤è¤ê [¾®¤µ¤¤/Åù¤·¤¤/Â礭¤¤] ÃͤòÊÖ¤¹¡£
.\"O .SH ERRORS
.SH ¥¨¥é¡¼
.TP
.B ENOMEM
.\"O Insufficient memory to complete the operation.
Æ°ºî¤ò´°¿ë¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¥á¥â¥ê¤¬Â­¤ê¤Ê¤¤¡£
.\"O .SH VERSIONS
.SH ¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó
.\"O .BR versionsort ()
.\"O was added to glibc in version 2.1.
.BR versionsort ()
¤Ï¡¢glibc ¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó 2.1 ¤ÇÄɲ䵤줿¡£
.\"O .SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH ½àµò
.\"O .BR alphasort ()
.\"O and
.\"O .BR scandir ()
.\"O are specified in POSIX.1-2008, and are widely available.
.\"O .BR versionsort ()
.\"O is a GNU extension.
.BR alphasort ()
¤È
.BR scandir ()
¤Ï POSIX.1-2008 ¤Çµ¬Äꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢¹­¤¯ÍøÍѲÄǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.BR versionsort ()
¤Ï GNU ³ÈÄ¥¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.LP
.\"O The functions
.\"O .BR scandir ()
.\"O and
.\"O .BR alphasort ()
.\"O are from 4.3BSD, and have been available under Linux since libc4.
´Ø¿ô
.BR scandir ()
¤È
.BR alphasort ()
¤Ï 4.3BSD ¤«¤é¼è¤êÆþ¤ì¤é¤ì¡¢Linux ¤Ç¤Ï libc4 ¤«¤é»ÈÍѲÄǽ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¡£
.\"O Libc4 and libc5 use the more precise prototype
libc4 ¤È libc5 ¤Ç¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¤â¤Ã¤È¾ÜºÙ¤Ê¥×¥í¥È¥¿¥¤¥×¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.sp
.nf
    int alphasort(const struct dirent ** a,
                  const struct dirent **b);
.fi
.sp
.\"O but glibc 2.0 returns to the imprecise BSD prototype.
¤·¤«¤· glibc 2.0 ¤Ç¤ÏÉÔÀµ³Î¤Ê BSD ¤Î¥×¥í¥È¥¿¥¤¥×¤ËÌá¤Ã¤¿¡£
.LP
.\"O The function
.\"O .BR versionsort ()
.\"O is a GNU extension, available since glibc 2.1.
´Ø¿ô
.BR versionsort ()
¤Ï GNU ¤Î³ÈÄ¥¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢glibc 2.1 °Ê¹ß¤Ç»ÈÍѲÄǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.LP
.\"O Since glibc 2.1,
.\"O .BR alphasort ()
.\"O calls
.\"O .BR strcoll (3);
.\"O earlier it used
.\"O .BR strcmp (3).
glibc 2.1 °Ê¹ß¤Ç¤Ï
.BR alphasort ()
¤Ï
.BR strcoll (3)
¤ò¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤¹¡£
.BR alphasort ()
¤Ï°ÊÁ°¤Ï
.BR strcmp (3)
¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡£
.\"O .SH EXAMPLE
.SH Îã
.nf
#define _SVID_SOURCE
.\"O /* print files in current directory in reverse order */
/* ¥«¥ì¥ó¥È¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òµÕ½ç¤Ë½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë */
#include <dirent.h>

int
main(void)
{
    struct dirent **namelist;
    int n;

    n = scandir(".", &namelist, 0, alphasort);
    if (n < 0)
        perror("scandir");
    else {
        while (n\-\-) {
            printf("%s\en", namelist[n]\->d_name);
            free(namelist[n]);
        }
        free(namelist);
    }
}
.fi
.\"O .SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH ´ØÏ¢¹àÌÜ
.BR closedir (3),
.BR fnmatch (3),
.BR opendir (3),
.BR readdir (3),
.BR rewinddir (3),
.BR seekdir (3),
.BR strcmp (3),
.BR strcoll (3),
.BR strverscmp (3),
.BR telldir (3)