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[linuxjm/LDP_man-pages.git] / draft / man4 / vcs.4

.\" Copyright (c) 1995 James R. Van Zandt <jrv@vanzandt.mv.com>
.\" Sat Feb 18 09:11:07 EST 1995
.\"
.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
.\"
.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
.\" intermediate and printed output.
.\"
.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
.\"
.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
.\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free
.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111,
.\" USA.
.\"
.\" Modified, Sun Feb 26 15:08:05 1995, faith@cs.unc.edu
.\" 2007-12-17, Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>:
.\"     document the VT_GETHIFONTMASK ioctl
.\" "
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1996,1997,1998 ISHIKAWA Mutsumi
.\"         all rights reserved.
.\" Translated Tue Feb 6 16:30:31 JST 1997
.\"         by ISHIKAWA Mutsumi <ishikawa@linux.or.jp>
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Last Modified Sun Jan 11 03:55:54 1998
.\"     by ISHIKAWA Mutsumi <ishikawa@linux.or.jp>
.\" Updated Sat Feb 10 23:17:30 JST 2001
.\"     by Yuichi SATO <sato@complex.eng.hokudai.ac.jp>
.\" Updated 2008-02-12, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>, LDP v2.77
.\"
.\" WORD:       virtual console         ²¾ÁÛ¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë
.\" WORD:       memory                  ¥á¥â¥ê
.\" WORD:       permission              ¥Ñ¡¼¥ß¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó
.\" WORD:       prefix                  ¥×¥ì¥Õ¥£¥Ã¥¯¥¹
.\" WORD:       screen                  ¥¹¥¯¥ê¡¼¥ó
.\" WORD:       cursor                  ¥«¡¼¥½¥ë
.\" WORD:       Braille                 ¥Ö¥é¥¤¥æÅÀ»ú
.\"
.TH VCS 4 2007-12-17 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.\"O .SH NAME
.SH ̾Á°
.\"O vcs, vcsa \- virtual console memory
vcs, vcsa \- ²¾ÁÛ¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¥á¥â¥ê (virtual console memory)
.\"O .SH DESCRIPTION
.SH ÀâÌÀ
.\"O \fI/dev/vcs0\fP is a character device with major number 7 and minor number
.\"O 0, usually of mode 0644 and owner root.tty.
.\"O It refers to the memory of the currently
.\"O displayed virtual console terminal.
\fI/dev/vcs0\fP ¤Ï¥á¥¸¥ã¡¼¥Ê¥ó¥Ð¡¼ (major number) 7¡¢¥Þ¥¤¥Ê¡¼¥Ê¥ó¥Ð¡¼
(minor number) 0 ¤Î¥­¥ã¥é¥¯¥¿¡¼¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹ (character device) ¤Ç¡¢
Ä̾¤½¤Î¥â¡¼¥É¤Ï 0644¡¢¥ª¡¼¥Ê¤Ï root.tty ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë (device file) ¤Ï
¸½ºßɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë²¾ÁÛ¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ëüËö¤Î¥á¥â¥ê¤ò»²¾È¤¹¤ë¡£
.LP
.\"O \fI/dev/vcs[1\-63]\fP are character devices for virtual console
.\"O terminals, they have major number 7 and minor number 1 to 63, usually
.\"O mode 0644 and owner root.tty.
.\"O \fI/dev/vcsa[0\-63]\fP are the same, but
.\"O using
.\"O .IR "unsigned short" s
.\"O (in host byte order) that include attributes,
.\"O and prefixed with four bytes giving the screen
.\"O dimensions and cursor position: \fIlines\fP, \fIcolumns\fP, \fIx\fP, \fIy\fP.
.\"O (\fIx\fP = \fIy\fP = 0 at the top left corner of the screen.)
\fB/dev/vcs[1\-63]\fP ¤Ï²¾ÁÛ¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ëüËö¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î
¥­¥ã¥é¥¯¥¿¡¼¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ç¡¢¥á¥¸¥ã¡¼¥Ê¥ó¥Ð¡¼¤¬ 7¡¢¥Þ¥¤¥Ê¡¼¥Ê¥ó¥Ð¡¼¤¬ 1 ¤«¤é 63¡¢
Ä̾ï¤Ï¥â¡¼¥É¤¬ 0644¡¢¥ª¡¼¥Ê¡¼¤¬ root.tty ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
\fB/dev/vcsa[0\-63]\fP ¤Ï \fB/dev/vcs[1\-63]\fP ¤ÈƱÍͤǤ¢¤ë¤¬¡¢
°À­¤ò³ÊǼ¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë (¥Û¥¹¥È¥Ð¥¤¥È¥ª¡¼¥À¤Î)
.I "unsigned short"
¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ëÅÀ¡¢¥¹¥¯¥ê¡¼¥ó¤Î¥µ¥¤¥º¡¦¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤Î°ÌÃÖ¤òɽ¤¹
4 ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Î¾ðÊó
\fIlines\fP, \fIcolumns\fP, \fIx\fP, \fIy\fP
(\fIx\fP =\fIy\fP = 0 ¤¬²èÌ̤κ¸¾å) ¤¬ÀèƬ¤Ë¤¢¤ëÅÀ¤¬°Û¤Ê¤ë¡£

.\"O When a 512-character font is loaded,
.\"O the 9th bit position can be fetched by applying the
.\"O .BR ioctl (2)
.\"O \fBVT_GETHIFONTMASK\fP operation
.\"O (available in Linux kernels 2.6.18 and above)
.\"O on \fI/dev/tty[1\-63]\fP;
.\"O the value is returned in the
.\"O .I "unsigned short"
.\"O pointed to by the third
.\"O .BR ioctl (2)
.\"O argument.
512 ʸ»ú¤«¤éÀ®¤ë¥Õ¥©¥ó¥È¤ò¥í¡¼¥É¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢
9 ¥Ó¥Ã¥ÈÌܤξðÊó¤Ï \fI/dev/tty[1\-63]\fP ¤ËÂФ·¤Æ
.BR ioctl (2)
\fBVT_GETHIFONTMASK\fP Áàºî¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¼èÆÀ¤Ç¤­¤ë
(\fBVT_GETHIFONTMASK\fP Áàºî¤Ï¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë 2.6.18 °Ê¹ß¤Î Linux ¤Ç
ÍøÍѲÄǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ë)¡£
ÃͤÏ
.BR ioctl (2)
¤Î 3 ÈÖÌܤΰú¤­¿ô¤¬»Ø¤¹
.I "unsigned short"
¤Ë³ÊǼ¤µ¤ì¤ÆÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O These devices replace the screendump
.\"O .BR ioctl (2)
.\"O operations of
.\"O .BR console (4),
.\"O so the system
.\"O administrator can control access using file system permissions.
¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ï
.BR console (4)
¤Î screendump
.BR ioctl (2)
¤òÂåÂؤȤʤ롣
½¾¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à´ÉÍý¼Ô¤Ï¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥Ñ¡¼¥ß¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó
(filesystem permission) ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤ò¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O The devices for the first eight virtual consoles may be created by:
ºÇ½é¤Î 8 ¤Ä¤Î²¾ÁÛüËö¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ï¡¢¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æºî¤ë»ö¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë:

.nf
    for x in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8; do
        mknod \-m 644 /dev/vcs$x c 7 $x;
        mknod \-m 644 /dev/vcsa$x c 7 $[$x+128];
    done
    chown root:tty /dev/vcs*
.fi

.\"O No
.\"O .BR ioctl (2)
.\"O requests are supported.
.BR ioctl (2)
¤Ë¤è¤ëÍ×µá¤Ï¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
.\"O .SH FILES
.SH ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë
/dev/vcs[0\-63]
.br
/dev/vcsa[0\-63]
.\"O .\" .SH AUTHOR
.\" .SH Ãø¼Ô
.\" Andries Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl>
.\"O .SH VERSIONS
.SH ¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó
.\"O Introduced with version 1.1.92 of the Linux kernel.
Linux ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó 1.1.92 ¤ÇƳÆþ¤µ¤ì¤¿¡£
.\"O .SH EXAMPLE
.SH Îã
.\"O You may do a screendump on vt3 by switching to vt1 and typing
.\"O \fIcat /dev/vcs3 >foo\fP.
.\"O Note that the output does not contain
.\"O newline characters, so some processing may be required, like
.\"O in \fIfold \-w 81 /dev/vcs3 | lpr\fP or (horrors)
.\"O \fIsetterm \-dump 3 \-file /proc/self/fd/1\fP.
vt3 ¤Î¥¹¥¯¥ê¡¼¥ó¥À¥ó¥×¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢Ã¼Ëö¤ò vt1 ¤ËÀÚÂؤ¨¤Æ
\fIcat /dev/vcs3 >foo\fP ¤È¥¿¥¤¥×¤¹¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤¡£
µ¤¤òÉÕ¤±¤ÆÍߤ·¤¤¤Î¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Î½ÐÎϤϲþ¹Ôʸ»ú (newline character) ¤ò
´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦»ö¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
½¾¤Ã¤Æ¡¢\fIfold \-w 81 /dev/vcs3 | lpr\fP ¤ä
(¤¾¤Ã¤È¤¹¤ë¤¬) \fIsetterm \-dump 3 \-file /proc/self/fd/1\fP ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê
²¿¤é¤«¤Î½èÍý¤¬É¬Íפˤʤ뤫¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
.LP
.\"O The \fI/dev/vcsa0\fP device is used for Braille support.
\fI/dev/vcsa0\fP ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢
¥Ö¥é¥¤¥æÅÀ»ú¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£

.\"O This program displays the character and screen attributes under the
.\"O cursor of the second virtual console, then changes the background color
.\"O there:
°Ê²¼¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ÏÆó¤ÄÌܤβ¾ÁÛ¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¤Î¥«¡¼¥½¥ë°ÌÃ֤Υ¹¥¯¥ê¡¼¥ó°À­¤Èʸ»ú
¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤¿¸å¡¢¥«¡¼¥½¥ë°ÌÃÖ¤ÎÇØ·Ê¿§¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë :

.nf
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/vt.h>

int
main(void)
{
    int fd;
    char *device = "/dev/vcsa2";
    char *console = "/dev/tty2";
    struct {unsigned char lines, cols, x, y;} scrn;
    unsigned short s;
    unsigned short mask;
    unsigned char ch, attrib;

    fd = open(console, O_RDWR);
    if (fd < 0) {
        perror(console);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    if (ioctl(fd, VT_GETHIFONTMASK, &mask) < 0) {
        perror("VT_GETHIFONTMASK");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    (void) close(fd);
    fd = open(device, O_RDWR);
    if (fd < 0) {
        perror(device);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    (void) read(fd, &scrn, 4);
    (void) lseek(fd, 4 + 2*(scrn.y*scrn.cols + scrn.x), 0);
    (void) read(fd, &s, 2);
    ch = s & 0xff;
    if (attrib & mask)
        ch |= 0x100;
    attrib = ((s & ~mask) >> 8);
    printf("ch=\(aq%c\(aq attrib=0x%02x\\n", ch, attrib);
    attrib ^= 0x10;
    (void) lseek(fd, \-1, 1);
    (void) write(fd, &attrib, 1);
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
.fi
.\"O .SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH ´ØÏ¢¹àÌÜ
.BR console (4),
.BR tty (4),
.BR ttyS (4),
.BR gpm (8)