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[linuxjm/jm.git] / manual / GNU_bash / work / P11

.TP
\fBenable\fP [\fB\-adnps\fP] [\fB\-f\fP \fIfilename\fP] [\fIname\fP ...]
.\"O Enable and disable builtin shell commands.
.\"O Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name
.\"O as a shell builtin to be executed without specifying a full pathname,
.\"O even though the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
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.\"O If \fB\-n\fP is used, each \fIname\fP
.\"O is disabled; otherwise,
.\"O \fInames\fP are enabled.  For example, to use the
.\"O .B test
.\"O binary found via the
.\"O .SM
.\"O .B PATH
.\"O instead of the shell builtin version, run
.\"O \f(CWenable -n test\fP.
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.\"O The
.\"O .B \-f
.\"O option means to load the new builtin command
.\"O .I name
.\"O from shared object
.\"O .IR filename ,
.\"O on systems that support dynamic loading.  The
.\"O .B \-d
.\"O option will delete a builtin previously loaded with
.\"O .BR \-f .
.B \-f
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.B \-f
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.\"O If no \fIname\fP arguments are given, or if the
.\"O .B \-p
.\"O option is supplied, a list of shell builtins is printed.
.\"O With no other option arguments, the list consists of all enabled
.\"O shell builtins.
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.\"O If \fB\-n\fP is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed.
\fB\-n\fP ¤òÍ¿¤¨¤ë¤È¡¢Ìµ¸ú¤Ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëÁȤ߹þ¤ß¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤À¤±¤¬½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
.\"O If \fB\-a\fP is supplied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an
.\"O indication of whether or not each is enabled.
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.\"O If \fB\-s\fP is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX
.\"O \fIspecial\fP builtins.
\fB\-s\fP ¤òÍ¿¤¨¤ë¤È¡¢½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ï POSIX ¤Î
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.\"O The return value is 0 unless a
.\"O .I name
.\"O is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new builtin
.\"O from a shared object.
.I name
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\fBeval\fP [\fIarg\fP ...]
.\"O The \fIarg\fPs are read and concatenated together into a single
.\"O command.  This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
.\"O its exit status is returned as the value of
.\"O .BR eval .
.\"O If there are no
.\"O .IR args ,
.\"O or only null arguments,
.\"O .B eval
.\"O returns 0.
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\fBexec\fP [\fB\-cl\fP] [\fB\-a\fP \fIname\fP] [\fIcommand\fP [\fIarguments\fP]]
.\"O If
.\"O .I command
.\"O is specified, it replaces the shell.
.\"O No new process is created.  The
.\"O .I arguments
.\"O become the arguments to \fIcommand\fP.
.I command
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.\"O If the
.\"O .B \-l
.\"O option is supplied,
.\"O the shell places a dash at the beginning of the zeroth arg passed to 
.\"O .IR command .
.B \-l
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.I command
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.\"O This is what
.\"O .IR login (1)
.\"O does.  The
.\"O .B \-c
.\"O option causes
.\"O .I command
.\"O to be executed with an empty environment.  If
.\"O .B \-a
.\"O is supplied, the shell passes
.\"O .I name
.\"O as the zeroth argument to the executed command.  If
.\"O .I command
.\"O cannot be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
.\"O unless the shell option
.\"O .B execfail
.\"O is enabled, in which case it returns failure.
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.\"O An interactive shell returns failure if the file cannot be executed.
.\"O If
.\"O .I command
.\"O is not specified, any redirections take effect in the current shell,
.\"O and the return status is 0.  If there is a redirection error, the
.\"O return status is 1.
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\fBexit\fP [\fIn\fP]
.\"O Cause the shell to exit
.\"O with a status of \fIn\fP.  If
.\"O .I n
.\"O is omitted, the exit status
.\"O is that of the last command executed.
.\"O A trap on
.\"O .SM
.\"O .B EXIT
.\"O is executed before the shell terminates.
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.B EXIT
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.TP
.PD 0
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.B export \-p
.PD
.\"O The supplied
.\"O .I names
.\"O are marked for automatic export to the environment of
.\"O subsequently executed commands.  If the 
.\"O .B \-f
.\"O option is given,
.\"O the 
.\"O .I names
.\"O refer to functions.
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.\"O If no
.\"O .I names
.\"O are given, or if the
.\"O .B \-p
.\"O option is supplied, a list
.\"O of all names that are exported in this shell is printed.
.I name
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.\"O The
.\"O .B \-n
.\"O option causes the export property to be removed from the
.\"O named variables.
.B \-n
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.\"O .B export
.\"O returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid option is
.\"O encountered,
.\"O one of the \fInames\fP is not a valid shell variable name, or
.\"O .B \-f
.\"O is supplied with a
.\"O .I name
.\"O that is not a function.
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.B \-f
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.PD 0
\fBfc\fP [\fB\-e\fP \fIename\fP] [\fB\-nlr\fP] [\fIfirst\fP] [\fIlast\fP]
.TP
\fBfc\fP \fB\-s\fP [\fIpat\fP=\fIrep\fP] [\fIcmd\fP]
.PD
.\"O Fix Command.  In the first form, a range of commands from
.\"O .I first
.\"O to
.\"O .I last
.\"O is selected from the history list.
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.\"O .I First
.\"O and
.\"O .I last
.\"O may be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning
.\"O with that string) or as a number (an index into the history list,
.\"O where a negative number is used as an offset from the current
.\"O command number).  If 
.\"O .I last
.\"O is not specified it is set to
.\"O the current command for listing (so that
.\"O .if n ``fc \-l \-10''
.\"O .if t \f(CWfc \-l \-10\fP
.\"O prints the last 10 commands) and to
.\"O .I first
.\"O otherwise.
.I first
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.if t \f(CWfc \-l \-10\fP
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.\"O If
.\"O .I first
.\"O is not specified it is set to the previous
.\"O command for editing and \-16 for listing.
.I first
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.\"O The
.\"O .B \-n
.\"O option suppresses
.\"O the command numbers when listing.  The
.\"O .B \-r
.\"O option reverses the order of
.\"O the commands.  If the
.\"O .B \-l
.\"O option is given,
.\"O the commands are listed on
.\"O standard output.  Otherwise, the editor given by
.\"O .I ename
.\"O is invoked
.\"O on a file containing those commands.  If
.\"O .I ename
.\"O is not given, the
.\"O value of the
.\"O .SM
.\"O .B FCEDIT
.\"O variable is used, and
.\"O the value of
.\"O .SM
.\"O .B EDITOR
.\"O if
.\"O .SM
.\"O .B FCEDIT
.\"O is not set.  If neither variable is set,
.\"O .FN vi
.\"O is used.  When editing is complete, the edited commands are
.\"O echoed and executed.
.B \-n
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.\"O In the second form, \fIcommand\fP is re-executed after each instance
.\"O of \fIpat\fP is replaced by \fIrep\fP.
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.\"O A useful alias to use with this is
.\"O .if n ``r=fc -s'',
.\"O .if t \f(CWr='fc \-s'\fP,
.\"O so that typing
.\"O .if n ``r cc''
.\"O .if t \f(CWr cc\fP
.\"O runs the last command beginning with
.\"O .if n ``cc''
.\"O .if t \f(CWcc\fP
.\"O and typing
.\"O .if n ``r''
.\"O .if t \f(CWr\fP
.\"O re-executes the last command.
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.\"O If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an invalid
.\"O option is encountered or
.\"O .I first
.\"O or
.\"O .I last
.\"O specify history lines out of range.
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.\"O If the
.\"O .B \-e
.\"O option is supplied, the return value is the value of the last
.\"O command executed or failure if an error occurs with the temporary
.\"O file of commands.  If the second form is used, the return status
.\"O is that of the command re-executed, unless
.\"O .I cmd
.\"O does not specify a valid history line, in which case
.\"O .B fc
.\"O returns failure.
.B \-e
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.B fc
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.TP
\fBfg\fP [\fIjobspec\fP]
.\"O Resume
.\"O .I jobspec
.\"O in the foreground, and make it the current job.
.I jobspec
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.\"O If
.\"O .I jobspec
.\"O is not present, the shell's notion of the \fIcurrent job\fP is used.
.I jobspec
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.\"O The return value is that of the command placed into the foreground,
.\"O or failure if run when job control is disabled or, when run with
.\"O job control enabled, if
.\"O .I jobspec
.\"O does not specify a valid job or
.\"O .I jobspec
.\"O specifies a job that was started without job control.
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.I jobspec
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.TP
\fBgetopts\fP \fIoptstring\fP \fIname\fP [\fIargs\fP]
.\"O .B getopts
.\"O is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.
.B getopts
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.\"O .I optstring
.\"O contains the option characters to be recognized; if a character
.\"O is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an
.\"O argument, which should be separated from it by white space.
.I optstring
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.\"O The colon and question mark characters may not be used as
.\"O option characters.
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.\"O Each time it is invoked,
.\"O .B getopts
.\"O places the next option in the shell variable
.\"O .IR name ,
.\"O initializing
.\"O .I name
.\"O if it does not exist,
.\"O and the index of the next argument to be processed into the
.\"O variable
.\"O .SM
.\"O .BR OPTIND .
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.I name
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.RI ( name
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.SM
.B OPTIND
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.\"O .SM
.\"O .B OPTIND
.\"O is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a shell script
.\"O is invoked.  When an option requires an argument,
.\"O .B getopts
.\"O places that argument into the variable
.\"O .SM
.\"O .BR OPTARG .
.SM
.B OPTIND
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.SM
.B OPTARG
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.\"O The shell does not reset
.\"O .SM
.\"O .B OPTIND
.\"O automatically; it must be manually reset between multiple
.\"O calls to
.\"O .B getopts
.\"O within the same shell invocation if a new set of parameters
.\"O is to be used.
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.SM
.B OPTIND
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.B getopts
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.sp 1
.\"O When the end of options is encountered, \fBgetopts\fP exits with a
.\"O return value greater than zero.
.\"O \fBOPTIND\fP is set to the index of the first non-option argument,
.\"O and \fBname\fP is set to ?.
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\fBOPTIND\fP ¤Ë¤Ï¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Ê¤¤ºÇ½é¤Î°ú¤­¿ô¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¡¢
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.sp 1
.\"O .B getopts
.\"O normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are
.\"O given in
.\"O .IR args ,
.\"O .B getopts
.\"O parses those instead.
.B getopts
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.I args
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.B getopts
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.sp 1
.\"O .B getopts
.\"O can report errors in two ways.  If the first character of
.\"O .I optstring
.\"O is a colon,
.\"O .I silent
.\"O error reporting is used.  In normal operation diagnostic messages
.\"O are printed when invalid options or missing option arguments are
.\"O encountered.
.B getopts
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.I optstring
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.I ÀŤ«¤Ê (silent)
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.\"O If the variable
.\"O .SM
.\"O .B OPTERR
.\"O is set to 0, no error messages will be displayed, even if the first
.\"O character of 
.\"O .I optstring
.\"O is not a colon.
ÊÑ¿ô
.SM
.B OPTERR
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.I optstring
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.sp 1
.\"O If an invalid option is seen,
.\"O .B getopts
.\"O places ? into
.\"O .I name
.\"O and, if not silent,
.\"O prints an error message and unsets
.\"O .SM
.\"O .BR OPTARG .
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.B getopts
¤Ï ? ¤ò
.I name
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.SM
.B OPTARG
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.\"O If
.\"O .B getopts
.\"O is silent,
.\"O the option character found is placed in
.\"O .SM
.\"O .B OPTARG
.\"O and no diagnostic message is printed.
.B getopts
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.SM
.B OPTARG
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.sp 1
.\"O If a required argument is not found, and
.\"O .B getopts
.\"O is not silent,
.\"O a question mark (\^\fB?\fP\^) is placed in
.\"O .IR name ,
.\"O .B OPTARG
.\"O is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.
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.B getopts
¤¬ÀŤ«¤Ê¥â¡¼¥É¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢µ¿ÌäÉä (\^\fB?\fP\^) ¤¬
.I name
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.B OPTARG
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.\"O If
.\"O .B getopts
.\"O is silent, then a colon (\^\fB:\fP\^) is placed in
.\"O .I name
.\"O and
.\"O .SM
.\"O .B OPTARG
.\"O is set to the option character found.
.B getopts
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.I name
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.SM
.B OPTARG
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.sp 1
.\"O .B getopts
.\"O returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is found.
.\"O It returns false if the end of options is encountered or an
.\"O error occurs.
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.B getopts
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.B getopts
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.TP
\fBhash\fP [\fB\-r\fP] [\fB\-p\fP \fIfilename\fP] [\fIname\fP]
.\"O For each
.\"O .IR name ,
.\"O the full file name of the command is determined by searching
.\"O the directories in
.\"O .B $PATH
.\"O and remembered.
.I name
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.B $PATH
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.\"O If the
.\"O .B \-p
.\"O option is supplied, no path search is performed, and
.\"O .I filename
.\"O is used as the full file name of the command.
.B \-p
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.I filename
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.\"O The
.\"O .B \-r
.\"O option causes the shell to forget all
.\"O remembered locations.  If no arguments are given, information
.\"O about remembered commands is printed.
.\"O The return status is true unless a
.\"O .I name
.\"O is not found or an invalid option is supplied.
.B \-r
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.I name
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.TP
\fBhelp\fP [\fB\-s\fP] [\fIpattern\fP]
.\"O Display helpful information about builtin commands.  If
.\"O .I pattern
.\"O is specified,
.\"O .B help
.\"O gives detailed help on all commands matching
.\"O .IR pattern ;
.\"O otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control structures
.\"O is printed.
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.I pattern
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.B help
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.I pattern
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.\"O The \fB\-s\fP option restricts the information displayed to a short
.\"O usage synopsis.
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.\"O The return status is 0 unless no command matches
.\"O .IR pattern .
.I pattern
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.TP
.PD 0
\fBhistory [\fIn\fP]
.TP
\fBhistory\fP \fB\-c\fP
.TP
\fBhistory \-d\fP \fIoffset\fP
.TP
\fBhistory\fP \fB\-anrw\fP [\fIfilename\fP]
.TP
\fBhistory\fP \fB\-p\fP \fIarg\fP [\fIarg ...\fP]
.TP
\fBhistory\fP \fB\-s\fP \fIarg\fP [\fIarg ...\fP]
.PD
.\"O With no options, display the command
.\"O history list with line numbers.  Lines listed
.\"O with a 
.\"O .B *
.\"O have been modified.  An argument of
.\"O .I n
.\"O lists only the last
.\"O .I n
.\"O lines.  If \fIfilename\fP is supplied, it is used as the
.\"O name of the history file; if not, the value of
.\"O .SM
.\"O .B HISTFILE
.\"O is used.  Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
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.B *
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.I n
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.I n
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.SM
.B HISTFILE
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.RS
.PD 0
.TP
.B \-c
.\"O Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
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.TP
\fB\-d\fP \fIoffset\fP
.\"O Delete the history entry at position \fIoffset\fP.
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.TP
.B \-a
.\"O Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered since the
.\"O beginning of the current \fBbash\fP session) to the history file.
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(\fBbash\fP ¤Î¸½ºß¤Î¥»¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î³«»Ï°ÊÍèÆþÎϤµ¤ì¤¿ÍúÎò¹Ô) ¤ò
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.TP
.B \-n
.\"O Read the history lines not already read from the history
.\"O file into the current history list.  These are lines
.\"O appended to the history file since the beginning of the
.\"O current \fBbash\fP session.
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.TP
.B \-r
.\"O Read the contents of the history file
.\"O and use them as the current history.
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.TP
.B \-w
.\"O Write the current history to the history file, overwriting the
.\"O history file's contents.
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.TP
.B \-p
.\"O Perform history substitution on the following \fIargs\fP and display
.\"O the result on the standard output.
.\"O Does not store the results in the history list.
.\"O Each \fIarg\fP must be quoted to disable normal history expansion.
¸å¤Ë³¤¯ \fIargs\fP ¤ËÂФ·¤ÆÍúÎòÃÖ´¹¤ò¹Ô¤¤¡¢¤½¤Î·ë²Ì¤òɸ½à½ÐÎϤËɽ¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
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.TP
.B \-s
.\"O Store the
.\"O .I args
.\"O in the history list as a single entry.  The last command in the
.\"O history list is removed before the
.\"O .I args
.\"O are added.
.I args
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.I args
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.PD
.PP
.\"O The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an
.\"O error occurs while reading or writing the history file, an invalid
.\"O \fIoffset\fP is supplied as an argument to \fB\-d\fP, or the
.\"O history expansion supplied as an argument to \fB\-p\fP fails.
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\fB\-d\fP ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î°ú¤­¿ô¤È¤·¤ÆÉÔÀµ¤Ê \fIoffset\fP ¤ÎÃͤ¬Í¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢
\fB\-p\fP ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î°ú¤­¿ô¤È¤·¤ÆÍ¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤¿ÍúÎòŸ³«¤¬¼ºÇÔ¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç
¤ò½ü¤­¡¢ÊÖ¤êÃÍ¤Ï 0 ¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
.RE
.TP
.PD 0
\fBjobs\fP [\fB\-lnprs\fP] [ \fIjobspec\fP ... ]
.TP
\fBjobs\fP \fB\-x\fP \fIcommand\fP [ \fIargs\fP ... ]
.PD
.\"O The first form lists the active jobs.  The options have the following
.\"O meanings:
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.PD 0
.TP
.B \-l
.\"O List process IDs
.\"O in addition to the normal information.
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.B \-p
.\"O List only the process ID of the job's process group
.\"O leader.
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.B \-n
.\"O Display information only about jobs that have changed status since
.\"O the user was last notified of their status.
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.B \-r
.\"O Restrict output to running jobs.
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.B \-s
.\"O Restrict output to stopped jobs.
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.PD
.PP
.\"O If
.\"O .I jobspec
.\"O is given, output is restricted to information about that job.
.\"O The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered
.\"O or an invalid
.\"O .I jobspec
.\"O is supplied.
.I jobspec
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.\"O If the
.\"O .B \-x
.\"O option is supplied,
.\"O .B jobs
.\"O replaces any
.\"O .I jobspec
.\"O found in
.\"O .I command
.\"O or
.\"O .I args
.\"O with the corresponding process group ID, and executes
.\"O .I command
.\"O passing it
.\"O .IR args ,
.\"O returning its exit status.
.B \-x
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.RE
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.PD 0
\fBkill\fP [\fB\-s\fP \fIsigspec\fP | \fB\-n\fP \fIsignum\fP | \fB\-\fP\fIsigspec\fP] [\fIpid\fP | \fIjobspec\fP] ...
.TP
\fBkill\fP \fB\-l\fP [\fIsigspec\fP | \fIexit_status\fP]
.PD
.\"O Send the signal named by
.\"O .I sigspec
.\"O or
.\"O .I signum
.\"O to the processes named by
.\"O .I pid
.\"O or
.\"O .IR jobspec .
.I sigspec
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.\"O .I sigspec
.\"O is either a signal name such as
.\"O .SM
.\"O .B SIGKILL
.\"O or a signal number;
.I sigspec
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.B SIGKILL
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.\"O .I signum
.\"O is a signal number.  If
.\"O .I sigspec
.\"O is a signal name, the name may be
.\"O given with or without the
.\"O .SM
.\"O .B SIG
.\"O prefix.
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.B SIG
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.\"O If
.\"O .I sigspec
.\"O is not present, then
.\"O .SM
.\"O .B SIGTERM
.\"O is assumed.
.I sigspec
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.B SIGTERM
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.\"O An argument of
.\"O .B \-l
.\"O lists the signal names.
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.B \-l
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.\"O If any arguments are supplied when
.\"O .B \-l
.\"O is given, the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
.\"O listed, and the return status is 0.
.B \-l
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.\"O The \fIexit_status\fP argument to
.\"O .B \-l
.\"O is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit status of
.\"O a process terminated by a signal.
.B \-l
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.\"O .B kill
.\"O returns true if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false
.\"O if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
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.TP
\fBlet\fP \fIarg\fP [\fIarg\fP ...]
.\"O Each
.\"O .I arg
.\"O is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see
.\"O .SM
.\"O .BR "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION" ).
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.\"O If the last
.\"O .I arg
.\"O evaluates to 0,
.\"O .B let
.\"O returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.
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\fBlocal\fP [\fIoption\fP] [\fIname\fP[=\fIvalue\fP] ...]
.\"O For each argument, a local variable named
.\"O .I name 
.\"O is created, and assigned
.\"O .IR value .
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.\"O The \fIoption\fP can be any of the options accepted by \fBdeclare\fP.
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.\"O When
.\"O .B local
.\"O is used within a function, it causes the variable
.\"O .I name
.\"O to have a visible scope restricted to that function and its children.
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.\"O With no operands,
.\"O .B local
.\"O writes a list of local variables to the standard output.  It is
.\"O an error to use
.\"O .B local
.\"O when not within a function.  The return status is 0 unless
.\"O .B local
.\"O is used outside a function, an invalid
.\"O .I name
.\"O is supplied, or
.\"O \fIname\fP is a readonly variable.
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.B logout
.\"O Exit a login shell.
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