1 .\" DO NOT MODIFY THIS FILE! It was generated by help2man 1.43.3.
2 .TH LS "1" "May 2014" "GNU coreutils 8.22" "User Commands"
4 ls \- list directory contents
7 [\fIOPTION\fR]... [\fIFILE\fR]...
9 .\" Add any additional description here
11 List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
12 Sort entries alphabetically if none of \fB\-cftuvSUX\fR nor \fB\-\-sort\fR is specified.
14 Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
16 \fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
17 do not ignore entries starting with .
19 \fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-almost\-all\fR
20 do not list implied . and ..
23 with \fB\-l\fR, print the author of each file
25 \fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-escape\fR
26 print C\-style escapes for nongraphic characters
28 \fB\-\-block\-size\fR=\fISIZE\fR
29 scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g.,
30 \&'\-\-block\-size=M' prints sizes in units of
31 1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format below
33 \fB\-B\fR, \fB\-\-ignore\-backups\fR
34 do not list implied entries ending with ~
37 with \fB\-lt\fR: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last
38 modification of file status information);
39 with \fB\-l\fR: show ctime and sort by name;
40 otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first
43 list entries by columns
45 \fB\-\-color\fR[=\fIWHEN\fR]
46 colorize the output; WHEN can be 'never', 'auto',
47 or 'always' (the default); more info below
49 \fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-directory\fR
50 list directories themselves, not their contents
52 \fB\-D\fR, \fB\-\-dired\fR
53 generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
56 do not sort, enable \fB\-aU\fR, disable \fB\-ls\fR \fB\-\-color\fR
58 \fB\-F\fR, \fB\-\-classify\fR
59 append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
62 likewise, except do not append '*'
64 \fB\-\-format\fR=\fIWORD\fR
65 across \fB\-x\fR, commas \fB\-m\fR, horizontal \fB\-x\fR, long \fB\-l\fR,
66 single\-column \fB\-1\fR, verbose \fB\-l\fR, vertical \fB\-C\fR
69 like \fB\-l\fR \fB\-\-time\-style\fR=\fIfull\-iso\fR
72 like \fB\-l\fR, but do not list owner
74 \fB\-\-group\-directories\-first\fR
75 group directories before files;
77 can be augmented with a \fB\-\-sort\fR option, but any
78 use of \fB\-\-sort\fR=\fInone\fR (\fB\-U\fR) disables grouping
80 \fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-no\-group\fR
81 in a long listing, don't print group names
83 \fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-human\-readable\fR
84 with \fB\-l\fR, print sizes in human readable format
88 likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
90 \fB\-H\fR, \fB\-\-dereference\-command\-line\fR
91 follow symbolic links listed on the command line
93 \fB\-\-dereference\-command\-line\-symlink\-to\-dir\fR
94 follow each command line symbolic link
96 that points to a directory
98 \fB\-\-hide\fR=\fIPATTERN\fR
99 do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
100 (overridden by \fB\-a\fR or \fB\-A\fR)
102 \fB\-\-indicator\-style\fR=\fIWORD\fR
103 append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
104 none (default), slash (\fB\-p\fR),
105 file\-type (\fB\-\-file\-type\fR), classify (\fB\-F\fR)
107 \fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inode\fR
108 print the index number of each file
110 \fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-ignore\fR=\fIPATTERN\fR
111 do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
113 \fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-kibibytes\fR
114 default to 1024\-byte blocks for disk usage
117 use a long listing format
119 \fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-dereference\fR
120 when showing file information for a symbolic
121 link, show information for the file the link
122 references rather than for the link itself
125 fill width with a comma separated list of entries
127 \fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-numeric\-uid\-gid\fR
128 like \fB\-l\fR, but list numeric user and group IDs
130 \fB\-N\fR, \fB\-\-literal\fR
131 print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control
132 characters specially)
135 like \fB\-l\fR, but do not list group information
137 \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-indicator\-style\fR=\fIslash\fR
138 append / indicator to directories
140 \fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-hide\-control\-chars\fR
141 print ? instead of nongraphic characters
143 \fB\-\-show\-control\-chars\fR
144 show nongraphic characters as\-is (the default,
145 unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)
147 \fB\-Q\fR, \fB\-\-quote\-name\fR
148 enclose entry names in double quotes
150 \fB\-\-quoting\-style\fR=\fIWORD\fR
151 use quoting style WORD for entry names:
152 literal, locale, shell, shell\-always, c, escape
154 \fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-reverse\fR
155 reverse order while sorting
157 \fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-recursive\fR
158 list subdirectories recursively
160 \fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-size\fR
161 print the allocated size of each file, in blocks
166 \fB\-\-sort\fR=\fIWORD\fR
167 sort by WORD instead of name: none (\fB\-U\fR), size (\fB\-S\fR),
168 time (\fB\-t\fR), version (\fB\-v\fR), extension (\fB\-X\fR)
170 \fB\-\-time\fR=\fIWORD\fR
171 with \fB\-l\fR, show time as WORD instead of default
172 modification time: atime or access or use (\fB\-u\fR)
173 ctime or status (\fB\-c\fR); also use specified time
174 as sort key if \fB\-\-sort\fR=\fItime\fR
176 \fB\-\-time\-style\fR=\fISTYLE\fR
177 with \fB\-l\fR, show times using style STYLE:
178 full\-iso, long\-iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT;
179 FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'; if FORMAT
180 is FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, then FORMAT1 applies
181 to non\-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;
182 if STYLE is prefixed with 'posix\-', STYLE
183 takes effect only outside the POSIX locale
186 sort by modification time, newest first
188 \fB\-T\fR, \fB\-\-tabsize\fR=\fICOLS\fR
189 assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
192 with \fB\-lt\fR: sort by, and show, access time;
193 with \fB\-l\fR: show access time and sort by name;
194 otherwise: sort by access time
197 do not sort; list entries in directory order
200 natural sort of (version) numbers within text
202 \fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-width\fR=\fICOLS\fR
203 assume screen width instead of current value
206 list entries by lines instead of by columns
209 sort alphabetically by entry extension
211 \fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-context\fR
212 print any SELinux security context of each file
215 list one file per line
218 display this help and exit
221 output version information and exit
223 SIZE is an integer and optional unit (example: 10M is 10*1024*1024). Units
224 are K, M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y (powers of 1024) or KB, MB, ... (powers of 1000).
226 Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and
227 with \fB\-\-color\fR=\fInever\fR. With \fB\-\-color\fR=\fIauto\fR, ls emits color codes only when
228 standard output is connected to a terminal. The LS_COLORS environment
229 variable can change the settings. Use the dircolors command to set it.
236 if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),
239 if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command\-line argument).
241 GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
242 Report ls translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>
244 Written by Richard M. Stallman and David MacKenzie.
246 Copyright \(co 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
247 License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
249 This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
250 There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
252 The full documentation for
254 is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the
258 programs are properly installed at your site, the command
260 .B info coreutils \(aqls invocation\(aq
262 should give you access to the complete manual.