Import translated manuals from JM CVS Repository.

[linuxjm/jm.git] / manual / GNU_sh-utils / release / man1 / su.1

.\"    This file documents the GNU shell utilities.
.\" 
.\"    Copyright (C) 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.\" 
.\"    Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
.\" preserved on all copies.
.\" 
.\"    Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
.\" this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that
.\" the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
.\" permission notice identical to this one.
.\" 
.\"    Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
.\" manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
.\" versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a
.\" translation approved by the Foundation.
.\" 
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 NAKANO Takeo, all rights reserved.
.\" Translated Thu May 26 1997 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
.\"
.TH SU 1 "GNU Shell Utilities" "FSF" \" -*- nroff -*-
.SH ̾Á°
su \- ¥æ¡¼¥¶ ID ¤È¥°¥ë¡¼¥× ID ¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤Æ¥·¥§¥ë¤òµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë
.SH ½ñ¼°
.B su
[\-flmp] [\-c command] [\-s shell] [\-\-login] [\-\-fast]
[\-\-preserve-environment] [\-\-command=command] [\-\-shell=shell] [\-]
[\-\-help] [\-\-version] [user [arg...]]
.SH ÀâÌÀ
¤³¤Îʸ½ñ¤Ï¤â¤¦¥á¥ó¥Æ¥Ê¥ó¥¹¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢ÉÔÀµ³Î¡¦ÉÔ´°Á´
¤Ê²ÄǽÀ­¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£¸½ºß¤Ï texinfo ʸ½ñ¤¬Àµ¼°¤Ê¾ðÊó¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.PP
¤³¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Ï GNU ÈÇ
.BR su
¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æµ­½Ò¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.B su
¤Ï¤¢¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤¬°ì»þŪ¤Ë¾¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤¿¤á¤ËÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
.B su
¤Ï
.I user
¤Î¼Â¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼ ID¡¢¼Â¸ú¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼ ID¡¢¥°¥ë¡¼¥× ID¡¢¤ª¤è¤Ó½ê°¥°¥ë¡¼¥×
¤Î¸¢¸Â¤òÍ¿¤¨¤Æ¥·¥§¥ë¤òµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë¡£¤â¤·
.I user
¤¬Í¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï root¡¢¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¥¹¡¼¥Ñ¡¼¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤Ç
¤¢¤ë¡£¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤ë¥·¥§¥ë¤Ï
.I user
¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤«¤éÁªÂò¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£¤³¤³¤Ë²¿¤â½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï 
/bin/sh ¤¬¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
.I user
¤Ë¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
.B su
¤Ï¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÍ׵᤹¤ë¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤òɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¡£¤¿¤À¤·
.B su
¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤¿¤Î¤¬¼Â¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼ ID 0 ¡Ê¥¹¡¼¥Ñ¡¼¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¡Ë¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É
ǧ¾Ú¤Ï¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
.PP
.B su
¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¥«¥ì¥ó¥È¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤Ê¤¤¡£¤Þ¤¿
.B su
¤Ï
´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô `HOME' ¤ª¤è¤Ó `SHELL' ¤ò
.I user
¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ÎÃͤ˥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¡£¤Þ¤¿
.I user
¤¬ ¥¹¡¼¥Ñ¡¼¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼°Ê³°¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô `USER' ¤È `LOGNAME' ¤ò
.I user
¤Ë¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¡£¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¡¢µ¯Æ°¤µ¤ì¤ë¥·¥§¥ë¤Ï¥í¥°
¥¤¥ó¥·¥§¥ë¤Ë¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
.PP
¤Ò¤È¤Ä°Ê¾å¤Î°ú¤­¿ô
.I arg
¤¬Í¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤Ï¥·¥§¥ë¤ËÅϤµ¤ì¡¢
°ú¤­¿ô¤È¤·¤Æ¥·¥§¥ë¤ËÉղ䵤ì¤ë¡£
.PP
.B su
¤Ï /bin/sh ¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï¤½¤ì°Ê³°¤Î¤¤¤«¤Ê¤ë¥·¥§¥ë¤âÆÃÊ̤ˤϰ·¤ï¤Ê¤¤
.\"(setting argv[0] to "-su", passing -c only to certain shells, etc.).
¡Êargv[0] ¤Ë "-su" ¤òÀßÄꤷ¤¿¤ê¡¢¤¢¤ë¥·¥§¥ë¤Ë¤À¤± -c ¤òÅϤ·¤¿¤ê¡¢¤È¤¤¤Ã
¤¿¤³¤È¤Ï¤·¤Ê¤¤¡Ë¡£
.PP
syslog ¤ËÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
.B su
¤¬¼ºÇÔ¤·¤¿¤È¤­ syslog ¤Ë¥ì¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È
¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡ÊÀ®¸ù¤ò¥ì¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤â¤Ç¤­¤ë¡Ë¡£
.PP
¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ï "wheel group" ¤Îµ¡Ç½¡Ê
.B su
¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¥¹¡¼¥Ñ¡¼¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¥¢¥«¥¦¥ó¥È¤Ë¤Ê¤ì¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤òÀ©¸Â¤¹¤ëµ¡Ç½¡Ë¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼
¥È¤·¤Ê¤¤¡£¤³¤ì¤ÏÀìÀ©Åª¤Ê¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à´ÉÍý¼Ô¤¬Â¾¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤ËÉÔÅö¤Ê¸¢ÎϤò¿¶¤ë
¤¨¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.SS OPTIONS
.TP
.I "\-c COMMAND, \-\-command=COMMAND"
ÂÐÏÃŪ¤Ê¥·¥§¥ë¤òµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢¥·¥§¥ë¤Ë
.I \-c
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤È¤È¤â¤Ë COMMAND ¡Ê¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó°ì¹Ô¡Ë¤òÅϤ¹¡£
.TP
.I "\-f, \-\-fast"
¥·¥§¥ë¤Ë
.I \-f
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÅϤ¹¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï¡Ê¤ª¤½¤é¤¯¡Ë
.B csh
¤È
.BR tcsh
¤Î¤ß¤Ç°ÕÌ£¤ò»ý¤Ä¡£¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥·¥§¥ë¤Ç¤Ï
.I \-f
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢¥¹¥¿¡¼¥È¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡Ê.cshrc¡Ë¤òÆɤ߹þ¤Þ¤Ê¤¤¡£
Bourne ·Ï¤Î¥·¥§¥ë¤Ç¤Ï
.I \-f
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¥Ñ¥¿¡¼¥ó¤ÎŸ³«¤òÍÞÀ©¤¹¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤ÏÂçÄñ¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï˾¤Þ
¤·¤¤Æ°ºî¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤À¤í¤¦¡£
.TP
.I "\-\-help"
»È¤¤Êý¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤òɸ½à½ÐÎϤËɽ¼¨¤·¡¢¼Â¹ÔÀ®¸ù¤òÊÖ¤·¤Æ½ªÎ»¤¹¤ë¡£
.TP
.I "\-, \-l, \-\-login"
¥·¥§¥ë¤ò¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¥·¥§¥ë¤Ë¤¹¤ë¡£¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¼è¤ê°·¤¤¤ò¤¹¤ë:
¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¤ò²ò½ü¤¹¤ë¡£¤½¤Î¾å¤Ç `TERM'¡¢ `HOME'¡¢ `SHELL' ¤òÁ°½Ò
¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÀßÄꤷ¡¢ `USER'¡¢ `LOGNAME' ¡Ê¥¹¡¼¥Ñ¡¼¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤â¡Ë¤òƱ
¤¸¤¯Á°½Ò¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£Â³¤¤¤Æ `PATH' ¤ò¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë»þ¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥ÈÃͤË
ÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ò
.I user
¤Î¥Û¡¼¥à¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ËÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¡£¥·¥§¥ë̾¤ÎÁ°¤Ë `-' ¤òÉղä·¡¢¥·¥§¥ë¤Ë
¥í¥°¥¤¥ó»þ¤Î¥¹¥¿¡¼¥È¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÆɤޤ»¤ë¡£
.TP
.I "\-m, \-p, \-\-preserve\-environment"
`HOME'¡¢ `USER'¡¢ `LOGNAME' ¤ª¤è¤Ó `SHELL' ´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤Ê¤¤¡£ 
/etc/passwd ¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë
.I user
¤Î¥·¥§¥ë¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢¸½ºß¤Î´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô `SHELL' ¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥·¥§¥ë¤ò¼Â¹Ô
¤¹¤ë¡£¤¿¤À¤·
.B su
¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤¬¥¹¡¼¥Ñ¡¼¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢
.I user
¤Ë¤è¤ë¥·¥§¥ë¤Î¼Â¹Ô¤¬À©¸Â¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¤³¤Î¸Â¤ê¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£¼Â¹Ô¤¬À©¸Â¤µ
¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥·¥§¥ë¤È¤Ï¡¢ /etc/shells ¤Ë¥ê¥¹¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¥·¥§¥ë¡¢¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï 
/etc/shells ¤¬Ìµ¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë»þ¤Î»ØÄê¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ë¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤¤¥·¥§¥ë¤Î¤³
¤È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ëºî¶È¤Î°ìÉô¤Ï
.I \-\-login
¤Þ¤¿¤Ï
.IR \-\-shell
¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¥ª¡¼¥Ð¡¼¥é¥¤¥É¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
.TP
.I "\-s, \-\-shell shell"
/etc/passwd ¤Ëµ­½Ò¤µ¤ì¤¿
.I user
¤Î¥·¥§¥ë¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë
.I shell
¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¡£
.TP
.I "\-\-version"
¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¾ðÊó¤òɸ½à½ÐÎϤËɽ¼¨¤·¡¢¼Â¹ÔÀ®¸ù¤òÊÖ¤·¤Æ½ªÎ»¤¹¤ë¡£
.SH GNU su ¤Ç wheel ¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Ê¤¤¤ï¤±¡ÊRichard Stallman¡Ë
¤È¤­¤ª¤ê¡¢¾¯¿ô¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢Â¾¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤ËÂФ¹¤ëÁ´¸¢¤ò¾¸°®¤·¤è¤¦
¤È¤¹¤ë»î¤ß¤¬¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£Î㤨¤Ð 1984 ǯ¡¢ MIT AI ¥é¥Ü¤Î¾¯¿ô¤Î¥æ¡¼
¥¶¡¼¤Ï Twenex ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥¿¡¼¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ÎÊѹ¹¸¢¸Â¤ò¶¯Ã¥¤·¡¢¤³¤ì
¤ò¾¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤«¤éÈëÆ¿¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë·èÄꤷ¤¿¡Ê¤³¤ÎºÝ¤Ë¤Ï»ä¤Ï¤³¤Î¥¯¡¼¥Ç¥¿¡¼
¤Î΢¤ò¤«¤­¡¢¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á¤òÅö¤Æ¤Æ¸¢¸Â¤ò¼è¤êÊÖ¤¹¤³¤È¤ËÀ®¸ù¤·¤¿¡£¤·¤«
¤·¤³¤ì¤¬ Unix ¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤é¡¢»ä¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤¦¤¹¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤¤«¤ï¤«¤é¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤À¤í¤¦¡Ë¡£
.PP
¤·¤«¤·¤Ê¤¬¤é¡¢»þ¤Ë¤ÏÀìÀ©¼Ô¤âÈëÌ©¤òϳ¤é¤¹¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£Ä̾ï¤Î su ¤Î¥á¥«¥Ë
¥º¥à¤Ç¤Ï¡¢°ìÈ̥桼¥¶¡¼¤Î¦¤ËΩ¤Ä¼Ô¤¬ root ¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÃΤì¤Ð¡¢¤³¤ì¤ò
¾¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤Ë¤âÃΤ餻¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£¤·¤«¤· "wheel group" µ¡Ç½¤Ï¤³¤ì
¤òÉÔ²Äǽ¤Ë¤·¡¢·ë²Ì¤È¤·¤ÆÀìÀ©¼Ôã¤Î¸¢¸Â¤ò¶¯¸Ç¤¿¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¡£
.PP
»ä¤ÏÂç½°¤Î¦¤ËΩ¤Ä¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢ÀìÀ©Åª¤ÊΩ¾ì¤Ë¤ÏÈ¿ÂФ¹¤ë¡£¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Ï¥Ü¥¹¤ä
¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à´ÉÍý¼Ô¤Î¤ä¤ê¸ý¤Ë½¾¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë´·¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤âÃΤì¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢¤½¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï
¤Þ¤º¤½¤Î¤³¤È¼«¿È¤òÉԻ׵Ĥ˻פ¦¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤À¤í¤¦¤«¡£