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.\" Hey Emacs! This file is -*- nroff -*- source.
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1992 Drew Eckhardt (drew@cs.colorado.edu), March 28, 1992
.\"
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.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
.\" preserved on all copies.
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.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
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.\"
.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date.  The author(s) assume no
.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
.\" the use of the information contained herein.  The author(s) may not
.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
.\" professionally.
.\"
.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
.\"
.\" Modified by Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de>
.\" Modified 1993-07-21 by Rik Faith <faith@cs.unc.edu>
.\" Modified 1994-08-21 by Michael Chastain <mec@shell.portal.com>
.\" Modified 1996-06-13 by aeb
.\" Modified 1996-11-06 by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
.\" Modified 1997-08-21 by Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk>
.\" Modified 2004-06-23 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1996 Yosiaki Yanagihara
.\"         all rights reserved.
.\" Translated Mon Jun 24 14:29:55 JST 1996
.\"         by Yosiaki Yanagihara <yosiaki@bsd2.kbnes.nec.co.jp>
.\" Modified Sat Dec 13 23:29:07 JST 1997
.\"         by HANATAKA Shinya <hanataka@abyss.rim.or.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified Fri 6 Apr 2001
.\"         by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified Thu Dec 23 10:04:20 JST 2004
.\"         by Yuichi SATO <ysato444@yahoo.co.jp>
.\"
.TH CHROOT 2 2008-06-23 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.\"O .SH NAME
.\"O chroot \- change root directory
.SH ̾Á°
chroot \- ¥ë¡¼¥È¡¦¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë
.\"O .SH SYNOPSIS
.SH ½ñ¼°
.B #include <unistd.h>
.sp
.BI "int chroot(const char *" path );
.\"O .SH DESCRIPTION
.SH ÀâÌÀ
.\"O .BR chroot ()
.\"O changes the root directory of the calling process to that specified in
.\"O .IR path .
.\"O This directory will be used for pathnames beginning with \fI/\fP.
.\"O The root directory is inherited by all children of the calling process.
.BR chroot ()
¤Ï¡¢¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¸µ¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î¥ë¡¼¥È¡¦¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ò
.I path
¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ËÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê°Ê²¼¤¬ \fI/\fP ¤«¤é»Ï¤Þ¤ë¥Ñ¥¹Ì¾¤È¤·¤Æ»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥ë¡¼¥È¡¦¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ï¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¸µ¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤ÎÁ´¤Æ¤Î»Ò¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ë¼õ¤±·Ñ¤¬¤ì¤ë¡£
.\"O 
.PP
.\"O Only a privileged process (Linux: one with the
.\"O .B CAP_SYS_CHROOT
.\"O capability) may call
.\"O .BR chroot ().
Æø¢¥×¥í¥»¥¹ (Linux ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
.B CAP_SYS_CHROOT
¥±¡¼¥Ñ¥Ó¥ê¥Æ¥£¤ò»ý¤Ä¥×¥í¥»¥¹) ¤Î¤ß¤¬
.BR chroot ()
¤ò¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.\"O 
.PP
.\"O This call changes an ingredient in the pathname resolution process
.\"O and does nothing else.
¤³¤Î¥³¡¼¥ë¤Ï¥Ñ¥¹Ì¾²ò·è¤Î²áÄø¤Ç¹½À®Í×ÁǤòÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤Î¤ß¤Ç¡¢
¤½¤Î¾¤Ë¤Ï²¿¤â¹Ô¤ï¤Ê¤¤¡£
.\"O 
.PP
.\"O This call does not change the current working directory,
.\"O so that after the call \(aq\fI.\fP\(aq can
.\"O be outside the tree rooted at \(aq\fI/\fP\(aq.
.\"O In particular, the superuser can escape from a "chroot jail"
.\"O by doing:
¤³¤Î¥³¡¼¥ë¤Ï¸½ºß¤Îºî¶È¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê
(working directory) ¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¡¢¤³¤Î¥³¡¼¥ë¤Î¸å¤Ë \(aq\fI.\fP\(aq ¤¬ \(aq\fI/\fP\(aq ¤ò
º¬¤È¤¹¤ë¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤Î³°¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¾ì¹ç¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
Æäˡ¢¥¹¡¼¥Ñ¡¼¡¦¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç
"chroot jail" ¤«¤éƨ¤²½Ð¤»¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¡£
.nf

    mkdir foo; chroot foo; cd ..
.fi

.\"O This call does not close open file descriptors, and such file
.\"O descriptors may allow access to files outside the chroot tree.
¤³¤Î¥³¡¼¥ë¤Ï¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¤ò¥¯¥í¡¼¥º¤·¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢
¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¤Ï chroot ¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤Î³°¤Ë¤¢¤ë
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH ÊÖ¤êÃÍ
.\"O On success, zero is returned.
.\"O On error, \-1 is returned, and
.\"O .I errno
.\"O is set appropriately.
À®¸ù¤¹¤ë¤È 0 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
¼ºÇÔ¤¹¤ë¤È \-1 ¤òÊÖ¤·¡¢
.I errno
¤ËŬÀÚ¤ÊÃͤòÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH ERRORS
.SH ¥¨¥é¡¼
.\"O Depending on the file system, other errors can be returned.
.\"O The more general errors are listed below:
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¾¤Î¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë»ö¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¥¨¥é¡¼¤ò°Ê²¼¤Ëµó¤²¤ë:
.TP
.B EACCES
.\"O Search permission is denied on a component of the path prefix.
¥Ñ¥¹Ì¾¤ÎÅÓÃæ¤Î¤É¤³¤«¤Ë¸¡º÷µö²Ä (search permission) ¤¬¤Ê¤¤¡£
.\"O (See also
.\"O .BR path_resolution (7).)
.RB ( path_resolution (7)
¤â»²¾È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡£)
.\"O .\" Also search permission is required on the final component,
.\"O .\" maybe just to guarantee that it is a directory?
.\" ¥Ñ¥¹Ì¾¤ÎºÇ¸å¤Î¹½À®Í×ÁǤˤ⸡º÷µö²Ä¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¢¤ë¡£
.\" ¤ª¤½¤é¤¯¡¢¤½¤ì¤¬¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤òÊݾڤ¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ê¤Î¤«?
.TP
.B EFAULT
.\"O .I path
.\"O points outside your accessible address space.
.I path
¤¬³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤é¤ì¤¿¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¶õ´Ö³°¤ò»Ø¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.TP
.B EIO
.\"O An I/O error occurred.
I/O ¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬È¯À¸¤·¤¿¡£
.TP
.B ELOOP
.\"O Too many symbolic links were encountered in resolving
.\"O .IR path .
.I path
¤ò²ò·è¤¹¤ëºÝ¤ËÁø¶ø¤·¤¿¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã¥¯¡¦¥ê¥ó¥¯¤¬Â¿²á¤®¤ë¡£
.TP
.B ENAMETOOLONG
.\"O .I path
.\"O is too long.
.I path
¤¬Ä¹²á¤®¤ë¡£
.TP
.B ENOENT
.\"O The file does not exist.
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬Â¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤¤¡£
.TP
.B ENOMEM
.\"O Insufficient kernel memory was available.
¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë½½Ê¬¤Ê¥á¥â¥ê¤¬¤Ê¤¤¡£
.TP
.B ENOTDIR
.\"O A component of
.\"O .I path
.\"O is not a directory.
.I path
¤ÎÆâÍƤ¬¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£
.TP
.B EPERM
.\"O The caller has insufficient privilege.
¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·Â¦¤Ë½½Ê¬¤ÊÆø¢¤¬¤Ê¤¤¡£
.\"O .SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH ½àµò
.\"O SVr4, 4.4BSD, SUSv2 (marked LEGACY).
.\"O This function is not part of POSIX.1-2001.
.\"O .\" SVr4 documents additional EINTR, ENOLINK and EMULTIHOP error conditions.
.\"O .\" X/OPEN does not document EIO, ENOMEM or EFAULT error conditions.
SVr4, 4.4BSD, SUSv2 (⤷¡¢SUSv2 ¤Ç¤Ï²áµî¤Î̾»Ä¤È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë)¡£
¤³¤Î´Ø¿ô¤Ï POSIX.1-2001 ¤Ë¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£
.\" SVr4 ¤Ë¤Ï¾¤Ë EINTR, ENOLINK, EMULTIHOP ¥¨¥é¡¼¾õÂ֤ˤĤ¤¤Æ¤Îµ­½Ò¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
.\" X/OPEN ¤Ë¤Ï EIO, ENOMEM, EFAULT ¥¨¥é¡¼¾õÂ֤ε­½Ò¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£
.\"O .SH NOTES
.SH Ãí°Õ
.\"O A child process created via
.\"O .BR fork (2)
.\"O inherits its parent's root directory.
.\"O The root directory is left unchanged by
.\"O .BR execve (2).
.BR fork (2)
¤ÇºîÀ®¤µ¤ì¤¿»Ò¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ï¡¢
¿Æ¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î¥ë¡¼¥È¡¦¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ò·Ñ¾µ¤¹¤ë¡£
.BR execve (2)
¤Î¾ì¹ç¤â¡¢¥ë¡¼¥È¡¦¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ÏÊѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£

.\"O FreeBSD has a stronger
.\"O .BR jail ()
.\"O system call.
FreeBSD ¤Ë¤Ï¤è¤ê¶¯ÎϤÊ
.BR jail ()
¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥³¡¼¥ë¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
.\" FIXME . eventually say something about containers,
.\" virtual servers, etc.?
.\"O .SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH ´ØÏ¢¹àÌÜ
.BR chdir (2),
.BR path_resolution (7)