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[linuxjm/jm.git] / manual / LDP_man-pages / draft / man2 / kill.2

.\" Hey Emacs! This file is -*- nroff -*- source.
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1992 Drew Eckhardt (drew@cs.colorado.edu), March 28, 1992
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
.\" preserved on all copies.
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
.\" permission notice identical to this one.
.\"
.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date.  The author(s) assume no
.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
.\" the use of the information contained herein.  The author(s) may not
.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
.\" professionally.
.\"
.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
.\"
.\" Modified by Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de>
.\" Modified by Thomas Koenig <ig25@rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>
.\" Modified 1993-07-23 by Rik Faith <faith@cs.unc.edu>
.\" Modified 1993-07-25 by Rik Faith <faith@cs.unc.edu>
.\" Modified 1995-11-01 by Michael Haardt
.\"  <michael@cantor.informatik.rwth-aachen.de>
.\" Modified 1996-04-14 by Andries Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl>
.\"  [added some polishing contributed by Mike Battersby <mib@deakin.edu.au>]
.\" Modified 1996-07-21 by Andries Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl>
.\" Modified 1997-01-17 by Andries Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl>
.\" Modified 2001-12-18 by Andries Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl>
.\" Modified 2002-07-24 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
.\"     Added note on historical rules enforced when an unprivileged process
.\"     sends a signal.
.\" Modified 2004-06-16 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
.\"     Added note on CAP_KILL
.\" Modified 2004-06-24 by aeb
.\" Modified, 2004-11-30, after idea from emmanuel.colbus@ensimag.imag.fr
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyuki Tanisako
.\"         all rights reserved.
.\" Translated 1997-05-17, Kazuyuki Tanisako <tanisako@osa.dec-j.co.jp>
.\" Modified 1997-05-27, Kazuyuki Tanisako <tanisako@osa.dec-j.co.jp>
.\" Modified 1998-02-05, Kazuyuki Tanisako <tanisako@osa.dec-j.co.jp>
.\" Updated 2001-12-27, Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
.\" Updated 2002-01-03, Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
.\" Updated 2002-09-27, Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
.\" Updated 2005-02-27, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
.\" Updated 2005-12-05, Akihiro MOTOKI, Catch up to LDP man-pages 2.16
.\" Updated 2008-08-06, Akihiro MOTOKI, LDP v3.05
.\"
.\"WORD:        signal                  ¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë
.\"WORD:        process group           ¥×¥í¥»¥¹¡¦¥°¥ë¡¼¥×
.\"WORD:        permission              µö²Ä
.\"WORD:        privileges              Æø¢
.\"WORD:        set-user-id             ¥»¥Ã¥È¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼ID
.\"WORD:        signal handler          ¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¥Ï¥ó¥É¥é¡¼
.\"
.TH KILL 2 2009-09-15 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.\"O .SH NAME
.SH ̾Á°
.\"O kill \- send signal to a process
kill \- ¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ë¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤òÁ÷¤ë
.\"O .SH SYNOPSIS
.SH ½ñ¼°
.nf
.B #include <sys/types.h>
.br
.B #include <signal.h>
.sp
.BI "int kill(pid_t " pid ", int " sig );
.fi
.sp
.in -4n
.\"O Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
.\"O .BR feature_test_macros (7)):
glibc ¸þ¤±¤Îµ¡Ç½¸¡ºº¥Þ¥¯¥í¤ÎÍ×·ï
.RB ( feature_test_macros (7)
»²¾È):
.in
.sp
.ad l
.BR kill ():
_POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 1 || _XOPEN_SOURCE || _POSIX_SOURCE
.ad b
.\"O .SH DESCRIPTION
.SH ÀâÌÀ
.\"O The
.\"O .BR kill ()
.\"O system call
.\"O can be used to send any signal to any process group or process.
¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥³¡¼¥ë¤Î
.BR kill ()
¤Ï¡¢Ç¤°Õ¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¡¦¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ë¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤ò
Á÷¤ë¤Î¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O If \fIpid\fP is positive, then signal \fIsig\fP is sent to the
.\"O process with the ID specified by \fIpid\fP.
\fIpid\fP ¤ËÀµ¤ÎÃͤò»ØÄꤷ¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë \fIsig\fP ¤¬
\fIpid\fP ¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿ ID ¤ò»ý¤Ä¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤ËÁ÷¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O If \fIpid\fP equals 0, then \fIsig\fP is sent to every process in the
.\"O process group of the calling process.
\fIpid\fP ¤Ë 0 ¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢
¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¸µ¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¡¦¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ë°¤¹¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ë
\fIsig\fP ¤Ç»ØÄꤷ¤¿¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤¬Á÷¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O If \fIpid\fP equals \-1, then \fIsig\fP is sent to every process
.\"O for which the calling process has permission to send signals,
.\"O except for process 1 (\fIinit\fP), but see below.
\fIpid\fP ¤Ë \-1 ¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢ \fIsig\fP ¤Ç»ØÄꤷ¤¿¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤¬¡¢
¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¸µ¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤òÁ÷¤ëµö²Ä¤ò»ý¤ÄÁ´¤Æ¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ë
Á÷¤é¤ì¤ë¡£Ã¢¤·¡¢¥×¥í¥»¥¹ÈÖ¹æ 1 (\fIinit\fP) ¤Ø¤Ï¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤ÏÁ÷¤é¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
°Ê²¼¤Î´ØÏ¢Éôʬ¤â»²¾È¤Î¤³¤È¡£
.PP
.\"O If \fIpid\fP is less than \-1, then \fIsig\fP is sent to every process
.\"O in the process group whose ID is \fI\-pid\fP.
\fIpid\fP ¤Ë \-1 ¤è¤ê¾®¤µ¤ÊÃͤò»ØÄꤷ¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢
ID ¤¬ \fI\-pid\fP ¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¡¦¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ë°¤¹¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ë
\fIsig\fP ¤Ç»ØÄꤷ¤¿¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤¬Á÷¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O If \fIsig\fP is 0, then no signal is sent, but error checking is still
.\"O performed;
.\"O this can be used to check for the existence of a process ID or
.\"O process group ID.
\fIsig\fP ¤Ë 0 ¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤ÏÁ÷¤é¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢
¥¨¥é¡¼¤Î¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤Ï¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥×¥í¥»¥¹ ID ¤ä
¥×¥í¥»¥¹¥°¥ë¡¼¥× ID ¤Î¸ºß³Îǧ¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£

.\"O For a process to have permission to send a signal
.\"O it must either be privileged (under Linux: have the
.\"O .B CAP_KILL
.\"O capability), or the real or effective
.\"O user ID of the sending process must equal the real or
.\"O saved set-user-ID of the target process.
.\"O In the case of
.\"O .B SIGCONT
.\"O it suffices when the sending and receiving
.\"O processes belong to the same session.
¤¢¤ë¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤òÁ÷¤ëµö²Ä¤ò»ý¤Ä¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
¤½¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬Æø¢ (Linux ¤Ç¤Ï
.B CAP_KILL
¥±¡¼¥Ñ¥Ó¥ê¥Æ¥£) ¤ò»ý¤Ä¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤«¡¢¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤òÁ÷¤ë¦¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î
¼ÂUID ¤«¼Â¸úUID ¤¬¼õ¤±¤ë¦¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î¼Â set-UID ¤«
Êݸ (saved) set-UID ¤¬°ìÃפ·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
.B SIGCONT
¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤òÁ÷¿®¤¹¤ë¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤È¼õ¿®¤¹¤ë¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬
Ʊ¤¸¥»¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë½ê°¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ð½½Ê¬¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH ÊÖ¤êÃÍ
.\"O On success (at least one signal was sent), zero is returned.
.\"O On error, \-1 is returned, and
.\"O .I errno
.\"O is set appropriately.
À®¸ù¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç (¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â°ì¤Ä¤Î¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤¬Á÷¿®¤µ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç)¡¢
0 ¤¬ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£¥¨¥é¡¼¤Î¾ì¹ç \-1 ¤¬ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¡¢
.I errno
¤¬Å¬ÀÚ¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH ERRORS
.SH ¥¨¥é¡¼
.TP
.B EINVAL
.\"O An invalid signal was specified.
̵¸ú¤Ê¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤¿¡£
.TP
.B EPERM
.\"O The process does not have permission to send the signal
.\"O to any of the receiving processes.
¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬¡¢¼õ¿®¤¹¤ë¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤â
¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤òÁ÷¤ëµö²Ä¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
.TP
.B ESRCH
.\"O The pid or process group does not exist.
.\"O Note that an existing process might be a zombie,
.\"O a process which already committed termination, but
.\"O has not yet been
.\"O .BR wait (2)ed
.\"O for.
»ØÄꤷ¤¿¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥×¥í¥»¥¹¡¦¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤¬Â¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¡£
¥¾¥ó¥Ó¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ï¸ºß¤¹¤ë¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤È¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
¥¾¥ó¥Ó¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤È¤Ï¤¹¤Ç¤Ë½èÍý¤Ï½ªÎ»¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢¿Æ¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ë¤è¤ë
.BR wait ()
½èÍý¤¬¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î¤³¤È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH ½àµò
SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
.\"O .SH NOTES
.SH Ãí°Õ
.\"O The only signals that can be sent to process ID 1, the
.\"O .I init
.\"O process, are those for which
.\"O .I init
.\"O has explicitly installed signal handlers.
.\"O This is done to assure the
.\"O system is not brought down accidentally.
¥×¥í¥»¥¹ÈÖ¹æ 1 ¤Î
.I init
¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤ËÁ÷¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤Ï¡¢
.I init
¤¬ÌÀ¼¨Åª¤Ë¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¥Ï¥ó¥É¥é¤òÀßÄꤷ¤¿¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤³¤¦¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢¸í¤Ã¤Æ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò¥À¥¦¥ó¤µ¤»¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.LP
.\"O POSIX.1-2001 requires that \fIkill(\-1,sig)\fP send \fIsig\fP
.\"O to all processes that the calling process may send signals to,
.\"O except possibly for some implementation-defined system processes.
.\"O Linux allows a process to signal itself, but on Linux the call
.\"O \fIkill(\-1,sig)\fP does not signal the calling process.
POSIX.1-2001 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ \fIkill(\-1,sig)\fP ¤¬
¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¸µ¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤òÁ÷¤ë¤³¤È¤¬½ÐÍè¤ë¥×¥í¥»¥¹Á´¤Æ¤Ë
\fIsig\fP ¤òÁ÷¤ë¤³¤È¤òÍ׵ᤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
⤷¡¢¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¼ÂÁõ»þ¤ËÄê¤á¤é¤ì¤¿¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ï
¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤ÎÁ÷¿®Âоݤ«¤é½ü³°¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
Linux ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬¼«Ê¬¼«¿È¤Ë¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤òÁ÷¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢
Linux ¤Î \fIkill(\-1,sig)\fP ¤Ï¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¸µ¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ë¤Ï¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤òÁ÷¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
.LP
.\"O POSIX.1-2001 requires that if a process sends a signal to itself,
.\"O and the sending thread does not have the signal blocked,
.\"O and no other thread
.\"O has it unblocked or is waiting for it in
.\"O .BR sigwait (3),
.\"O at least one
.\"O unblocked signal must be delivered to the sending thread before the
.\"O .BR kill ()
.\"O returns.
POSIX.1-2001 ¤Ç¤Ï°Ê²¼¤ÎÆ°ºî¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤³¤È¤òÍ׵ᤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
¼«Ê¬¼«¿È¤Ë¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤òÁ÷¤ë¤È¡¢¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤òÁ÷¤Ã¤¿¥¹¥ì¥Ã¥É¤¬¤½¤Î¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤ò¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯
¤·¤Æ¤ª¤é¤º¡¢Â¾¤Î¤É¤Î¥¹¥ì¥Ã¥É¤â¤½¤Î¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤ò¼õ¤±¤ë¾õÂ֤ˤâ¤Ê¤¯
.BR sigwait (3)
¤Ç¤½¤Î¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤òÂԤäƤ⤤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢
.BR kill ()
¤¬ÊÖ¤ëÁ°¤Ë¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â°ì¤Ä¤Î¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤
¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤¬¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤òÁ÷¤Ã¤¿¥¹¥ì¥Ã¥É¤ËÇÛÁ÷¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
.\"O .SS "Linux Notes"
.SS "Linux ¤Ç¤ÎÃí°Õ"
.\"O Across different kernel versions, Linux has enforced different rules
.\"O for the permissions required for an unprivileged process
.\"O to send a signal to another process.
.\"O .\" In the 0.* kernels things chopped and changed quite
.\"O .\" a bit - MTK, 24 Jul 02
.\"O In kernels 1.0 to 1.2.2, a signal could be sent if the
.\"O effective user ID of the sender matched that of the receiver,
.\"O or the real user ID of the sender matched that of the receiver.
.\"O From kernel 1.2.3 until 1.3.77, a signal could be sent if the
.\"O effective user ID of the sender matched either the real or effective
.\"O user ID of the receiver.
.\"O The current rules, which conform to POSIX.1-2001, were adopted
.\"O in kernel 1.3.78.
Linux ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Æø¢¤Î¤Ê¤¤¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬Â¾¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ë¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤òÁ÷¿®¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë
ɬÍפʸ¢¸Â¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¥ë¡¼¥ë¤¬¡¢¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤è¤ê°ã¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.\" 0.* ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ÎÏäϳ䰦¤·¡¢Â¿¾¯Êѹ¹¤·¤¿¡£- MTK, 24 Jul 02
¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë 1.0 ¤«¤é 1.2.2 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Á÷¿®Â¦¤Î¼Â¸ú¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼ID ¤¬¼õ¿®Â¦¤Î
¼Â¸ú¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼ ID¤È°ìÃפ¹¤ì¤Ð¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤òÁ÷¿®¤Ç¤­¤¿¡£
¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë 1.2.3 ¤«¤é 1.3.77¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Á÷¿®Â¦¤Î¼Â¸ú¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼ID ¤¬¼õ¿®Â¦¤Î
¼Â¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼ID ¤«¼Â¸ú¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼ID ¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤È°ìÃפ¹¤ì¤Ð¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤òÁ÷¿®¤Ç¤­¤¿¡£
¸½ºß¤Î¥ë¡¼¥ë¤Ï¡¢POSIX.1-2001 ¤Ë½àµò¤·¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë 1.3.78 °Ê¹ß¤Ç
ŬÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH BUGS
.SH ¥Ð¥°
.\"O In 2.6 kernels up to and including 2.6.7,
.\"O there was a bug that meant that when sending signals to a process group,
.\"O .BR kill ()
.\"O failed with the error
.\"O .B EPERM
.\"O if the caller did have permission to send the signal to \fIany\fP (rather
.\"O than \fIall\fP) of the members of the process group.
.\"O Notwithstanding this error return, the signal was still delivered
.\"O to all of the processes for which the caller had permission to signal.
¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó 2.6.7 °ÊÁ°¤Î 2.6 ·Ï¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
¥×¥í¥»¥¹¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ë¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤òÁ÷¤Ã¤¿¤È¤­¤Ë¡¢
¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¸µ¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬¥×¥í¥»¥¹¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Î (Á´¥á¥ó¥Ð¡¼¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯) °ìÉô¤Î¥á¥ó¥Ð¡¼
¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤Î¤ß¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤òÁ÷¤ëµö²Ä¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¡¢
.BR kill ()
¤¬¥¨¥é¡¼
.B EPERM
¤Ç¼ºÇÔ¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¥Ð¥°¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬ÊÖ¤ë¤Ë¤â¤«¤«¤ï¤é¤º¡¢¤½¤Î¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤Ï¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¸µ¤¬
¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤òÁ÷¤ëµö²Ä¤ò»ý¤ÄÁ´¤Æ¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤ØÁ÷¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH ´ØÏ¢¹àÌÜ
.BR _exit (2),
.BR killpg (2),
.BR signal (2),
.BR sigqueue (2),
.BR tkill (2),
.BR exit (3),
.BR credentials (7),
.BR capabilities (7),
.BR signal (7)