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[linuxjm/jm.git] / manual / LDP_man-pages / draft / man2 / sigaltstack.2

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.\" Copyright (c) 2001, Michael Kerrisk (mtk.manpages@gmail.com)
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
.\" preserved on all copies.
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
.\" permission notice identical to this one.
.\"
.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date.  The author(s) assume no
.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
.\" the use of the information contained herein.  The author(s) may not
.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
.\" professionally.
.\"
.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
.\"
.\" aeb, various minor fixes
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 2001 Yuichi SATO
.\"         all rights reserved.
.\" Translated 2001-11-04, Yuichi SATO <ysato@h4.dion.ne.jp>
.\" Updated 2001-12-09, Yuichi SATO
.\" Updated 2005-11-04, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
.\" Updated 2006-01-04, Akihiro MOTOKI, Catch up to LDP 2.20
.\"
.\"WORD:        alternate signal stack  ÂåÂØ¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯
.\"WORD:        establish       (¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¤Î) ³ÎΩ
.\"
.TH SIGALTSTACK 2 2008-10-04 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.\"O .SH NAME
.SH ̾Á°
.\"O sigaltstack \- set and/or get signal stack context
sigaltstack \- ¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¤Î¥³¥ó¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤òÀßÄꡦ¼èÆÀ¤¹¤ë
.\"O .SH SYNOPSIS
.SH ½ñ¼°
.B #include <signal.h>
.sp
.BI "int sigaltstack(const stack_t *" ss ", stack_t *" oss );
.sp
.in -4n
.\"O Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
.\"O .BR feature_test_macros (7)):
glibc ¸þ¤±¤Îµ¡Ç½¸¡ºº¥Þ¥¯¥í¤ÎÍ×·ï
.RB ( feature_test_macros (7)
»²¾È):
.in
.sp
.BR sigaltstack ():
_BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500
.\" .br
.\" .BR sigstack ():
.\" _BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 500
.\"O .SH DESCRIPTION
.SH ÀâÌÀ
.\"O .BR sigaltstack ()
.\"O allows a process to define a new alternate
.\"O signal stack and/or retrieve the state of an existing
.\"O alternate signal stack.
.\"O An alternate signal stack is used during the
.\"O execution of a signal handler if the establishment of that handler (see
.\"O .BR sigaction (2))
.\"O requested it.
.BR sigaltstack ()
¤ò»È¤¦¤È¡¢
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.RB ( sigaction (2)
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.\"O The normal sequence of events for using an alternate signal stack
.\"O is the following:
ÂåÂØ¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¤ò»È¤¦ºÝ¤Î°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¼ê½ç¤Ï¡¢°Ê²¼¤ÎÄ̤ê¤Ç¤¢¤ë:
.TP 3
1.
.\"O Allocate an area of memory to be used for the alternate
.\"O signal stack.
ÂåÂØ¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¤Ç»È¤¦¥á¥â¥êÎΰè¤ò³ÎÊݤ¹¤ë¡£
.TP
2.
.\"O Use
.\"O .BR sigaltstack ()
.\"O to inform the system of the existence and
.\"O location of the alternate signal stack.
.BR sigaltstack ()
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.TP
3.
.\"O When establishing a signal handler using
.\"O .BR sigaction (2),
.\"O inform the system that the signal handler should be executed
.\"O on the alternate signal stack by
.\"O specifying the \fBSA_ONSTACK\fP flag.
.BR sigaction (2)
¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¥Ï¥ó¥É¥é¤ò³ÎΩ¤¹¤ëºÝ¡¢
\fBSA_ONSTACK\fP ¥Õ¥é¥°¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢
¤½¤Î¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¥Ï¥ó¥É¥é¤òÂåÂØ¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¾å¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ò
¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ËÃΤ餻¤ë¡£
.P
.\"O The \fIss\fP argument is used to specify a new
.\"O alternate signal stack, while the \fIoss\fP argument
.\"O is used to retrieve information about the currently
.\"O established signal stack.
\fIss\fP °ú¤­¿ô¤Ï¡¢¿·¤·¤¤¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë»È¤¦¡£
¤Þ¤¿ \fIoss\fP °ú¤­¿ô¤Ï¡¢¸½ºß³ÎΩ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë
¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¤Î¾ðÊó¤ò¼èÆÀ¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë»È¤¦¡£
.\"O If we are interested in performing just one
.\"O of these tasks then the other argument can be specified as NULL.
.\"O Each of these arguments is a structure of the following type:
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°ú¤­¿ô¤È¤Ê¤ë¹½Â¤ÂΤϡ¢°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê·¿¤Ç¤¢¤ë:
.sp
.in +4n
.nf
typedef struct {
.\"O     void  *ss_sp;     /* Base address of stack */
    void  *ss_sp;     /* ¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¤Î¥Ù¡¼¥¹¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹ */
.\"O     int    ss_flags;  /* Flags */
    int    ss_flags;  /* ¥Õ¥é¥° */
.\"O     size_t ss_size;   /* Number of bytes in stack */
    size_t ss_size;   /* ¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¤Î¥Ð¥¤¥È¿ô */
} stack_t;
.fi
.in

.\"O To establish a new alternate signal stack,
.\"O \fIss.ss_flags\fP is set to zero, and \fIss.ss_sp\fP and
.\"O \fIss.ss_size\fP specify the starting address and size of
.\"O the stack.
¿·µ¬¤ÎÂåÂØ¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¤ò³ÎΩ¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
\fIss.ss_flags\fP ¤ò 0 ¤ËÀßÄꤷ¡¢
\fIss.ss_sp\fP ¤È \fIss.ss_size\fP ¤Ë
¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¤Î³«»Ï¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤È¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¥µ¥¤¥º¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¡£
.\"O The constant \fBSIGSTKSZ\fP is defined to be large enough
.\"O to cover the usual size requirements for an alternate signal stack,
.\"O and the constant \fBMINSIGSTKSZ\fP defines the minimum
.\"O size required to execute a signal handler.
Äê¿ô \fBSIGSTKSZ\fP ¤Ï¡¢ÂåÂØ¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¤¬Ä̾ïɬÍפ¹¤ë
¥µ¥¤¥º¤è¤ê¤â½¼Ê¬Â礭¤¯ÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
¤Þ¤¿Äê¿ô \fBMINSIGSTKSZ\fP ¤Ï¡¢
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.\"O When a signal handler is invoked on the alternate stack,
.\"O the kernel automatically aligns the address given in \fIss.ss_sp\fP
.\"O to a suitable address boundary for the underlying hardware architecture.
ÂåÂØ¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¤Ç¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¥Ï¥ó¥É¥é¤¬µ¯Æ°¤µ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë¤è¤ê¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë¡¢\fIss.ss_sp\fP ¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ï
Æ°ºî¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¥¢¡¼¥­¥Æ¥¯¥Á¥ã¤ËŬ¤·¤¿¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¶­³¦¤Ë
Ä´À°¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£

.\"O To disable an existing stack, specify \fIss.ss_flags\fP
.\"O as \fBSS_DISABLE\fP.
.\"O In this case, the remaining fields
.\"O in \fIss\fP are ignored.
´û¸¤Î¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¤ò̵¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
\fIss.ss_flags\fP ¤ò \fBSS_DISABLE\fP ¤Ë»ØÄꤹ¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢\fIss\fP ¤Î¾¤Î¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Ï̵»ë¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£

.\"O If \fIoss\fP is not NULL, then it is used to return information about
.\"O the alternate signal stack which was in effect prior to the
.\"O call to
.\"O .BR sigaltstack ().
\fIoss\fP ¤¬ NULL °Ê³°¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢
\fIoss\fP ¤ËÂåÂØ¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¤Î¾ðÊó¤¬ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ï (¼Â¼ÁŪ¤Ë)
.BR sigaltstack ()
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.\"O The \fIoss.ss_sp\fP and \fIoss.ss_size\fP fields return the starting
.\"O address and size of that stack.
.\"O The \fIoss.ss_flags\fP may return either of the following values:
\fIoss.ss_sp\fP ¤È \fIoss.ss_size\fP ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Ë
¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¤Î³«»Ï¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤È¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¥µ¥¤¥º¤¬ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
\fIoss.ss_flags\fP ¤Ë¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤É¤Á¤é¤«¤ÎÃͤ¬ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë:
.TP
.B SS_ONSTACK
.\"O The process is currently executing on the alternate signal stack.
.\"O (Note that it is not possible
.\"O to change the alternate signal stack if the process is
.\"O currently executing on it.)
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.TP
.B SS_DISABLE
.\"O The alternate signal stack is currently disabled.
ÂåÂØ¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¤¬¸½ºß̵¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH ÊÖ¤êÃÍ
.\"O .BR sigaltstack ()
.\"O returns 0 on success, or \-1 on failure with
.\"O \fIerrno\fP set to indicate the error.
.BR sigaltstack ()
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¥¨¥é¡¼¤ò¼¨¤¹ÃÍ¤Ë \fIerrno\fP ¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH ERRORS
.SH ¥¨¥é¡¼
.TP
.B EFAULT
.\"O Either \fIss\fP or \fIoss\fP is not NULL and points to an area
.\"O outside of the process's address space.
\fIss\fP ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï \fIoss\fP ¤Î¤É¤Á¤é¤¬¡¢NULL °Ê³°¤Ç¡¢
¤«¤Ä¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¶õ´Ö¤Î³°¤ò»Ø¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.TP
.B EINVAL
.\"O \fIss\fP is not NULL and the \fIss_flags\fP field contains
.\"O a nonzero value other than
.\"O .BR SS_DISABLE .
\fIss\fP ¤¬ NULL °Ê³°¤Ç¡¢\fIss_flags\fP ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤¬
.B SS_DISABLE
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.TP
.B ENOMEM
.\"O The specified size of the new alternate signal stack
.\"O (\fIss.ss_size\fP) was less than \fBMINSTKSZ\fP.
¿·¤·¤¤ÂåÂØ¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯ (\fIss.ss_size\fP) ¤Ë»ØÄꤷ¤¿¥µ¥¤¥º¤¬
\fBMINSTKSZ\fP ¤è¤ê¾®¤µ¤¤¡£
.TP
.B EPERM
.\"O An attempt was made to change the alternate signal stack while
.\"O it was active (i.e., the process was already executing
.\"O on the current alternate signal stack).
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.\"O .SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH ½àµò
SUSv2, SVr4, POSIX.1-2001.
.\"O .SH NOTES
.SH Ãí°Õ
.\"O The most common usage of an alternate signal stack is to handle the
.\"O .B SIGSEGV
.\"O signal that is generated if the space available for the
.\"O normal process stack is exhausted: in this case, a signal handler for
.\"O .B SIGSEGV
.\"O cannot be invoked on the process stack; if we wish to handle it,
.\"O we must use an alternate signal stack.
ÂåÂØ¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ëºÇ¤â¤è¤¯¤¢¤ë¾ìÌ̤ϡ¢
.B SIGSEGV
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.B SIGSEGV
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.B SIGSEGV
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.P
.\"O Establishing an alternate signal stack is useful if a process
.\"O expects that it may exhaust its standard stack.
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.\"O This may occur, for example, because the stack grows so large
.\"O that it encounters the upwardly growing heap, or it reaches a
.\"O limit established by a call to \fBsetrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &rlim)\fP.
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\fBsetrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &rlim)\fP ¤Î¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤Ç³ÎΩ¤µ¤ì¤¿
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.\"O If the standard stack is exhausted, the kernel sends
.\"O the process a \fBSIGSEGV\fP signal.
.\"O In these circumstances the only way to catch this signal is
.\"O on an alternate signal stack.
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¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ë \fBSIGSEGV\fP ¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤òÁ÷¤ë¡£
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.P
.\"O On most hardware architectures supported by Linux, stacks grow
.\"O downwards.
.\"O .BR sigaltstack ()
.\"O automatically takes account
.\"O of the direction of stack growth.
Linux ¤¬¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¿¤¯¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¥¢¡¼¥­¥Æ¥¯¥Á¥ã¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¤Ï²¼°Ì¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹Êý¸þ¤ËÀѤޤì¤ë¡£
.BR sigaltstack ()
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.P
.\"O Functions called from a signal handler executing on an alternate
.\"O signal stack will also use the alternate signal stack.
.\"O (This also applies to any handlers invoked for other signals while
.\"O the process is executing on the alternate signal stack.)
.\"O Unlike the standard stack, the system does not
.\"O automatically extend the alternate signal stack.
.\"O Exceeding the allocated size of the alternate signal stack will
.\"O lead to unpredictable results.
ÂåÂØ¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¾å¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë
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.P
.\"O A successful call to
.\"O .BR execve (2)
.\"O removes any existing alternate
.\"O signal stack.
.\"O A child process created via
.\"O .BR fork ()
.\"O inherits a copy of its parent's alternate signal stack settings.
.BR execve (2)
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.BR fork ()
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.P
.\"O .BR sigaltstack ()
.\"O supersedes the older
.\"O .BR sigstack ()
.\"O call.
.\"O For backwards compatibility, glibc also provides
.\"O .BR sigstack ().
.\"O All new applications should be written using
.\"O .BR sigaltstack ().
.BR sigaltstack ()
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.BR sigstack ()
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.BR sigstack ()
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.BR sigaltstack ()
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.\"O .SS History
.SS Îò»Ë
.\"O 4.2BSD had a
.\"O .BR sigstack ()
.\"O system call.
.\"O It used a slightly
.\"O different struct, and had the major disadvantage that the caller
.\"O had to know the direction of stack growth.
4.2BSD ¤Ë¤Ï
.BR sigstack ()
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.\"O .SH EXAMPLE
.SH Îã
.\"O The following code segment demonstrates the use of
.\"O .BR sigaltstack ():
°Ê²¼¤Î¥³¡¼¥É¤Ç
.BR sigaltstack ()
¤Î»ÈÍÑË¡¤Î°ìÉô¤ò¼¨¤¹:

.in +4n
.nf
stack_t ss;

ss.ss_sp = malloc(SIGSTKSZ);
if (ss.ss_sp == NULL)
.\"O     /* Handle error */;
    /* ¥Ï¥ó¥É¥ë¥¨¥é¡¼ */;
ss.ss_size = SIGSTKSZ;
ss.ss_flags = 0;
if (sigaltstack(&ss, NULL) == \-1)
.\"O     /* Handle error */;
    /* ¥Ï¥ó¥É¥ë¥¨¥é¡¼ */;
.fi
.in
.\"O .SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH ´ØÏ¢¹àÌÜ
.BR execve (2),
.BR setrlimit (2),
.BR sigaction (2),
.BR siglongjmp (3),
.BR sigsetjmp (3),
.BR signal (7)