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[linuxjm/jm.git] / manual / LDP_man-pages / draft / man3 / getopt.3

.\" Copyright (c) 1993 by Thomas Koenig (ig25@rz.uni-karlsruhe.de)
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
.\" preserved on all copies.
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
.\" permission notice identical to this one.
.\"
.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date.  The author(s) assume no
.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
.\" the use of the information contained herein.  The author(s) may not
.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
.\" professionally.
.\"
.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
.\" License.
.\" Modified Sat Jul 24 19:27:50 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
.\" Modified Mon Aug 30 22:02:34 1995 by Jim Van Zandt <jrv@vanzandt.mv.com>
.\"  longindex is a pointer, has_arg can take 3 values, using consistent
.\"  names for optstring and longindex, "\n" in formats fixed.  Documenting
.\"  opterr and getopt_long_only.  Clarified explanations (borrowing heavily
.\"  from the source code).
.\" Modified 8 May 1998 by Joseph S. Myers (jsm28@cam.ac.uk)
.\" Modified 990715, aeb: changed `EOF' into `-1' since that is what POSIX
.\"  says; moreover, EOF is not defined in <unistd.h>.
.\" Modified 2002-02-16, joey: added information about nonexisting
.\"  option character and colon as first option character
.\" Modified 2004-07-28, Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
.\"     Added text to explain how to order both '[-+]' and ':' at
.\"             the start of optstring
.\" Modified 2006-12-15, mtk, Added getopt() example program.
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1998 NAKANO Takeo all rights reserved.
.\" Translated 1998-08-12, NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified 1999-08-21, NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified 2001-07-01, Yuichi SATO <ysato@h4.dion.ne.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified 2002-03-23, Yuichi SATO
.\" Updated & Modified 2003-09-07, Yuichi SATO <ysato444@yahoo.co.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified 2005-01-10, Yuichi SATO
.\" Updated & Modified 2005-10-28, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified 2006-01-18, Akihiro MOTOKI
.\" Updated & Modified 2007-05-01, Akihiro MOTOKI, LDP v2.46
.\" Updated 2008-08-11, Akihiro MOTOKI, LDP v3.05
.\"
.\"WORD:        argv-element            argv Í×ÁÇ
.\"
.TH GETOPT 3  2010-02-03 "GNU" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.\"O .SH NAME
.SH ̾Á°
.\"O getopt, getopt_long, getopt_long_only,
.\"O optarg, optind, opterr, optopt \- Parse command-line options
getopt, getopt_long, getopt_long_only,
optarg, optind, opterr, optopt \- ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò²ò¼á¤¹¤ë
.\"O .SH SYNOPSIS
.SH ½ñ¼°
.nf
.B #include <unistd.h>
.sp
.BI "int getopt(int " argc ", char * const " argv[] ,
.BI "           const char *" optstring );
.sp
.BI "extern char *" optarg ;
.BI "extern int " optind ", " opterr ", " optopt ;
.sp
.B #include <getopt.h>
.sp
.BI "int getopt_long(int " argc ", char * const " argv[] ,
.BI "           const char *" optstring ,
.BI "           const struct option *" longopts ", int *" longindex );
.sp
.BI "int getopt_long_only(int " argc ", char * const " argv[] ,
.BI "           const char *" optstring ,
.BI "           const struct option *" longopts ", int *" longindex );
.fi
.sp
.in -4n
.\"O Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
.\"O .BR feature_test_macros (7)):
glibc ¸þ¤±¤Îµ¡Ç½¸¡ºº¥Þ¥¯¥í¤ÎÍ×·ï
.RB ( feature_test_macros (7)
»²¾È):
.ad l
.in
.sp
.BR getopt ():
_POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 2 || _XOPEN_SOURCE
.br
.BR getopt_long (),
.BR getopt_long_only ():
_GNU_SOURCE
.ad b
.\"O .SH DESCRIPTION
.SH ÀâÌÀ
.\"O The
.\"O .BR getopt ()
.\"O function parses the command-line arguments.
.\"O Its arguments
.\"O .I argc
.\"O and
.\"O .I argv
.\"O are the argument count and array as passed to the
.\"O .IR main ()
.\"O function on program invocation.
.BR getopt ()
´Ø¿ô¤Ï¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó°ú¤­¿ô¤ò²ò¼á¤¹¤ë¡£
.BR getopt ()
¤¬¤È¤ë°ú¤­¿ô
.I argc
¤È
.I argv
¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Îµ¯Æ°»þ¤Ë
.IR main ()
´Ø¿ô¤ËÅϤµ¤ì¤¿°ú¤­¿ô¤Î¸Ä¿ô¤ÈÇÛÎó¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.\"O An element of \fIargv\fP that starts with \(aq\-\(aq
.\"O (and is not exactly "\-" or "\-\-")
.\"O is an option element.
.\"O The characters of this element
.\"O (aside from the initial \(aq\-\(aq) are option characters.
.\"O If
.\"O .BR getopt ()
.\"O is called repeatedly, it returns successively each of the option characters
.\"O from each of the option elements.
\fIargv\fP ¤ÎÍ×ÁǤΤ¦¤Á \(aq\-\(aq ¤Ç»Ï¤Þ¤ë¤â¤Î
(¤«¤Ä "\-" ñÆȤä "\-\-" ñÆȤǤϤʤ¤¤â¤Î) ¤Ï
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óÍ×ÁÇ (option element) ¤È¤ß¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
¤³¤ÎÍ×ÁǤ«¤éÀèƬ¤Î \(aq\-\(aq ¤ò½ü¤¤¤¿Ê¸»ú¤Ï
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óʸ»ú (option character) ¤È¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
.BR getopt ()
¤Ï¡¢·«¤êÊÖ¤·¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤µ¤ì¤ë¤´¤È¤Ë¡¢¼¡¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óʸ»ú¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
.PP
.\"O The variable
.\"O .I optind
.\"O is the index of the next element to be processed in
.\"O .IR argv .
.\"O The system initializes this value to 1.
.\"O The caller can reset it to 1 to restart scanning of the same
.\"O .IR argv ,
.\"O or when scanning a new argument vector.
ÊÑ¿ô
.I optind
¤Ï¡¢
.I argv
¤Î¼¡¤Ë½èÍý¤µ¤ì¤ëÍ×ÁǤΥ¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤è¤ê¤³¤ÎÊÑ¿ô¤ÎÃÍ¤Ï 1 ¤Ë½é´ü²½¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·Â¦¤Ç¤³¤ÎÃͤò 1 ¤Ë¥ê¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢Æ±¤¸
.I argv
¤Î¥¹¥­¥ã¥ó¤ò¤ä¤êľ¤·¤¿¤ê¡¢¿·¤·¤¤°ú¤­¿ô¥Ù¥¯¥È¥ë¤ò¥¹¥­¥ã¥ó¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O If
.\"O .BR getopt ()
.\"O finds another option character, it returns that
.\"O character, updating the external variable \fIoptind\fP and a static
.\"O variable \fInextchar\fP so that the next call to
.\"O .BR getopt ()
.\"O can
.\"O resume the scan with the following option character or
.\"O \fIargv\fP-element.
¿·¤¿¤Ê¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óʸ»ú¤ò¸«¤Ä¤±¤ë¤È¡¢
.BR getopt ()
¤Ï¤½¤Îʸ»ú¤òÊÖ¤·¡¢
³°ÉôÊÑ¿ô \fIoptind\fP ¤È¥¹¥¿¥Æ¥£¥Ã¥¯¤ÊÊÑ¿ô \fInextchar\fP ¤ò¹¹¿·¤¹¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤é¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢
.BR getopt ()
¤Ï¼¡²ó¤Î¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤ÎºÝ¤Ë¡¢
°Ê¹ß¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óʸ»ú¤ä \fIargv\fP Í×ÁǤΥ¹¥­¥ã¥ó¤ò·Ñ³¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O If there are no more option characters,
.\"O .BR getopt ()
.\"O returns \-1.
.\"O Then \fIoptind\fP is the index in \fIargv\fP of the first
.\"O \fIargv\fP-element that is not an option.
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óʸ»ú¤¬¤½¤ì°Ê¾å¸«¤Ä¤«¤é¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ë¤È¡¢
.BR getopt ()
¤Ï
\-1 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£¤½¤·¤Æ \fIoptind\fP ¤Ï¡¢\fIargv\fP ¤ÎÍ×ÁǤΤ¦¤Á¡¢
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Ê¤¤ºÇ½é¤ÎÍ×ÁǤò¼¨¤¹¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O .I optstring
.\"O is a string containing the legitimate option characters.
.\"O If such a
.\"O character is followed by a colon, the option requires an argument, so
.\"O .BR getopt ()
.\"O places a pointer to the following text in the same
.\"O \fIargv\fP-element, or the text of the following \fIargv\fP-element, in
.\"O .IR optarg .
.I optstring
¤Ï¼õ¤±ÉÕ¤±¤ë¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óʸ»ú¤«¤é¤Ê¤ëʸ»úÎó¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
ʸ»ú¤Î¤¢¤È¤Ë¥³¥í¥ó (:) ¤¬ÃÖ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤Ï°ú¤­¿ô¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¼¨¤¹¡£
¤³¤Î¤È¤­
.BR getopt ()
¤Ï¡¢¸½ºßÃíÌܤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë
\fIargv\fP Í×ÁǤǡ¢¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óʸ»ú¤Ë°ú¤­Â³¤¯¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤«¡¢
¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï¼¡¤Î \fIargv\fP Í×ÁǤΥƥ­¥¹¥È¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤ò
.I optarg
¤ËÂåÆþ¤¹¤ë¡£
.\"O Two colons mean an option takes
.\"O an optional arg; if there is text in the current \fIargv\fP-element
.\"O (i.e., in the same word as the option name itself, for example, "\-oarg"),
.\"O then it is returned in \fIoptarg\fP, otherwise \fIoptarg\fP is set to zero.
.\"O This is a GNU extension.
.\"O If
.\"O .I optstring
.\"O contains
.\"O .B W
.\"O followed by a semicolon, then
.\"O .B \-W foo
.\"O is treated as the long option
.\"O .BR \-\-foo .
2 ¸ÄϢ³¤·¤Æ¥³¥í¥ó¤¬ÃÖ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢
¤½¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï°ú¤­¿ô¤ò¤È¤Ã¤Æ¤â¤È¤é¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤¡£
¸½ºß¤Î \fIargv\fP Í×ÁǤ˥ƥ­¥¹¥È¤¬¤¢¤ì¤Ð
(¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢"\-oarg" ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó̾¼«¿È¤ÈƱ¤¸¥ï¡¼¥ÉÆâ¤Ë
¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç)¡¢¤½¤ì¤¬ \fIoptarg\fP ¤ËÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð \fIoptarg\fP ¤Ï 0 ¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ï GNU ¤Ë¤è¤ë³ÈÄ¥¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.I optstring
¤Ë
.B W
¤È¤½¤ì¤Ë³¤¯¥»¥ß¥³¥í¥ó¤¬Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¡¢
.B \-W foo
¤ÏŤ¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó
.B \-\-foo
¤ÈƱ¤¸¤è¤¦¤Ë°·¤ï¤ì¤ë
.\"O (The
.\"O .B \-W
.\"O option is reserved by POSIX.2 for implementation extensions.)
.\"O This behavior is a GNU extension, not available with libraries before
.\"O glibc 2.
(POSIX.2 ¤Ï
.B \-W
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò¼ÂÁõ°Í¸¤Î³ÈÄ¥¤È¤·¤ÆͽÌ󤷤Ƥ¤¤ë)¡£
¤³¤ÎÆ°ºî¤Ï GNU ¤Ë¤è¤ë³ÈÄ¥¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢glibc 2 °ÊÁ°¤Î¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Ç¤Ï
ÍøÍѤǤ­¤Ê¤¤¡£
.PP
.\"O By default,
.\"O .BR getopt ()
.\"O permutes the contents of \fIargv\fP as it
.\"O scans, so that eventually all the nonoptions are at the end.
.\"O Two other modes are also implemented.
.\"O If the first character of
.\"O \fIoptstring\fP is \(aq+\(aq or the environment variable
.\"O .B POSIXLY_CORRECT
.\"O is set, then option processing stops as soon as a nonoption argument is
.\"O encountered.
.\"O If the first character of \fIoptstring\fP is \(aq\-\(aq, then
.\"O each nonoption \fIargv\fP-element is handled as if it were the argument of
.\"O an option with character code 1.  (This is used by programs that were
.\"O written to expect options and other \fIargv\fP-elements in any order
.\"O and that care about the ordering of the two.)
.\"O The special argument "\-\-" forces an end of option-scanning regardless
.\"O of the scanning mode.
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï
.BR getopt ()
¤Ï \fIargv\fP ¤ò¥¹¥­¥ã¥ó¤¹¤ëºÝ¤Ë½ç½ø¤òÊѹ¹¤·¡¢
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó°Ê³°¤ÎÍ×ÁǤòºÇ¸å¤Ë°ÜÆ°¤¹¤ë¡£
¾¤Ë¤â 2 ¤Ä¤Î¥â¡¼¥É¤¬¼ÂÁõ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
\fIoptstring\fP ¤ÎÀèƬʸ»ú¤¬ \(aq+\(aq ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤«¡¢´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô
.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÂоݤȤ¹¤ëÆ°ºî¤Ï¡¢
È󥪥ץ·¥ç¥ó¤Î°ú¤­¿ô¤¬¸½¤ì¤¿Ãʳ¬¤Ç½ªÎ»¤¹¤ë¡£
\fIoptstring\fP ¤ÎÀèƬʸ»ú¤¬ \(aq\-\(aq ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Ê¤¤ \fIargv\fP Í×ÁǤϡ¢
ʸ»ú¥³¡¼¥É 1 ¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤«¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë°·¤ï¤ì¤ë (¤³¤ì¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ï¡¢
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ä \fIargv\fP Í×ÁǤòǤ°Õ¤Î½ç½ø¤Ç¼õ¤±Æþ¤ì¡¢¤«¤Ä¤½¤ì¤é¤Î½ç½ø¤¬
°ÕÌ£¤ò»ý¤Ä¤è¤¦¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë)¡£
"\-\-" ¤ÏÆüì¤Ê°ú¤­¿ô¤Ç¡¢¥¹¥­¥ã¥ó¤Î¥â¡¼¥É¤Ë¤è¤é¤º¡¢
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¥¹¥­¥ã¥ó¤ò¶¯À©Åª¤Ë½ªÎ»¤µ¤»¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O If
.\"O .BR getopt ()
.\"O does not recognize an option character, it prints an
.\"O error message to \fIstderr\fP, stores the character in \fIoptopt\fP, and
.\"O returns \(aq?\(aq.
.\"O The calling program may prevent the error message by
.\"O setting \fIopterr\fP to 0.
ǧ¼±¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óʸ»ú¤¬¤¢¤ë¤È¡¢
.BR getopt ()
¤Ï¥¨¥é¡¼¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤òɸ½à¥¨¥é¡¼½ÐÎÏ \fIstderr\fP ¤Ëɽ¼¨¤·¡¢
¤½¤Îʸ»ú¤ò \fIoptopt\fP ¤ËÊݸ¤·¤Æ \(aq?\(aq ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤¿¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ç \fIopterr\fP ¤ò 0 ¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤ª¤±¤Ð¡¢
¥¨¥é¡¼¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Îɽ¼¨¤òÍÞÀ©¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O If
.\"O .BR getopt ()
.\"O finds an option character in \fIargv\fP that was not
.\"O included in \fIoptstring\fP, or if it detects a missing option argument,
.\"O it returns \(aq?\(aq  and sets the external variable \fIoptopt\fP to the
.\"O actual option character.
.\"O If the first character
.\"O (following any optional \(aq+\(aq or \(aq\-\(aq described above)
.\"O of \fIoptstring\fP
.\"O is a colon (\(aq:\(aq), then
.\"O .BR getopt ()
.\"O returns \(aq:\(aq instead of \(aq?\(aq to
.\"O indicate a missing option argument.
.\"O If an error was detected, and
.\"O the first character of \fIoptstring\fP is not a colon, and
.\"O the external variable \fIopterr\fP is nonzero (which is the default),
.\"O .BR getopt ()
.\"O prints an error message.
.BR getopt ()
¤Ï \fIargv\fP ¤ÎÃæ¤Ë
\fIoptstring\fP ¤Ë¤Ê¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óʸ»ú¤ò¸«¤Ä¤±¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢
¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó°ú¤­¿ô¤¬Â­¤ê¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤¬Ê¬¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢
\&\(aq?\(aq ¤òÊÖ¤·¤Æ³°ÉôÊÑ¿ô \fIoptopt\fP ¤ò¤½¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óʸ»ú¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£
\fIoptstring\fP ¤Î (¾å¤ÇÀâÌÀ¤·¤¿¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç»ØÄê¤Ç¤­¤ë
\&\(aq+\(aq ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï \(aq\-\(aq ¸å¤Ë³¤¯) ºÇ½é¤Îʸ»ú¤¬
¥³¥í¥ó (\(aq:\(aq) ¤Î¤È¤­¡¢
.BR getopt ()
¤Ï¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó°ú¤­¿ô¤¬Â­¤ê¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë \(aq?\(aq ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯ \(aq:\(aq ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
¥¨¥é¡¼¤ò¸«¤Ä¤±¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ç¡¢¤«¤Ä \fIoptstring\fP ¤ÎºÇ½é¤Îʸ»ú¤¬¥³¥í¥ó¤Ç¤Ê¤¯¡¢
¤«¤Ä³°ÉôÊÑ¿ô \fIopterr\fP ¤¬ 0 ¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç (¤³¤ì¤¬¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È)¡¢
.BR getopt ()
¤Ï¥¨¥é¡¼¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤òɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¡£
.\"O .SS getopt_long() and getopt_long_only()
.SS getopt_long() ¤È getopt_long_only()
.\"O The
.\"O .BR getopt_long ()
.\"O function works like
.\"O .BR getopt ()
.\"O except that it also accepts long options, started with two dashes.
.\"O (If the program accepts only long options, then
.\"O .I optstring
.\"O should be specified as an empty string (""), not NULL.)
.\"O Long option names may be abbreviated if the abbreviation is
.\"O unique or is an exact match for some defined option.
.\"O A long option
.\"O may take a parameter, of the form
.\"O .B \-\-arg=param
.\"O or
.\"O .BR "\-\-arg param" .
.BR getopt_long ()
´Ø¿ô¤Ï¡¢Ä¹¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó (2 ¤Ä¤Î¥À¥Ã¥·¥å "\-\-" ¤Ç»Ï¤Þ¤ë¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó) ¤ò
¼õ¤±Æþ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤ò½ü¤¤¤Æ
.BR getopt ()
¤ÈƱ¤¸¤è¤¦¤ËÆ°ºî¤¹¤ë
(¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ËŤ¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤À¤±¤¬ÅϤµ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢
.I optstring
¤Ï NULL ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¶õʸ»úÎó ("") ¤È¤Ê¤ë)¡£
Ť¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î̾Á°¤Ï¡¢Â¾¤È½Å¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤ÈϰϤˤª¤¤¤Æû½Ì¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤¢¤ë¤¤¤ÏÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ËÀµ³Î¤Ë¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤â (ÅöÁ³) ¤«¤Þ¤ï¤Ê¤¤¡£
Ť¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï°ú¤­¿ô¤ò¼è¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¡¢
.B \-\-arg=param
¤Þ¤¿¤Ï
.B "\-\-arg param"
¤È¸À¤¦·Á¼°¤Ç»ØÄꤹ¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O .I longopts
.\"O is a pointer to the first element of an array of
.\"O .I struct option
.\"O declared in
.\"O .I <getopt.h>
.\"O as
.I longopts
¤Ï
.I struct option
¤ÎÍ×ÁǤ«¤é¤Ê¤ëÇÛÎó¤Î¡¢ÀèƬÍ×ÁǤؤΥݥ¤¥ó¥¿¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.I struct option
¤Ï
.I <getopt.h>
¤Ç°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.in +4n
.nf
.sp
struct option {
    const char *name;
    int         has_arg;
    int        *flag;
    int         val;
};
.fi
.in
.PP
.\"O The meanings of the different fields are:
¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Î°ÕÌ£¤Ï°Ê²¼¤ÎÄ̤ꡣ
.TP
.I name
.\"O is the name of the long option.
Ť¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î̾Á°¡£
.TP
.I has_arg
.\"O is:
.\"O \fBno_argument\fP (or 0) if the option does not take an argument;
.\"O \fBrequired_argument\fP (or 1) if the option requires an argument; or
.\"O \fBoptional_argument\fP (or 2) if the option takes an optional argument.
\fBno_argument\fP (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï 0) ¤Ê¤é¡¢¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï°ú¤­¿ô¤ò¤È¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
\fBrequired_argument\fP (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï 1) ¤Ê¤é¡¢¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï°ú¤­¿ô¤òɬÍפȤ¹¤ë¡£
\fBoptional_argument\fP (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï 2) ¤Ê¤é¡¢¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï°ú¤­¿ô¤ò¤È¤Ã¤Æ¤â
¤È¤é¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤âÎɤ¤¡£
.TP
.I flag
.\"O specifies how results are returned for a long option.
.\"O If \fIflag\fP
.\"O is NULL, then
.\"O .BR getopt_long ()
.\"O returns \fIval\fP.  (For
.\"O example, the calling program may set \fIval\fP to the equivalent short
.\"O option character.)
.\"O Otherwise,
.\"O .BR getopt_long ()
.\"O returns 0, and
.\"O \fIflag\fP points to a variable which is set to \fIval\fP if the
.\"O option is found, but left unchanged if the option is not found.
Ť¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ËÂФ¹¤ë·ë²Ì¤ÎÊÖ¤·Êý¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¡£\fIflag\fP ¤¬
NULL ¤Ê¤é
.BR getopt_long ()
¤Ï \fIval\fP ¤òÊÖ¤¹
(Î㤨¤Ð¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¸µ¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ï¡¢
\fIval\fP ¤ËÅù²Á¤Ê¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óʸ»ú¤òÂåÆþ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë)¡£
NULL °Ê³°¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
.BR getopt_long ()
¤Ï 0 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
¤³¤Î¤È¤­¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¸«¤Ä¤«¤ë¤È \fIflag\fP ¤¬¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥È¤¹¤ëÊÑ¿ô¤Ë
\fIval\fP ¤¬ÂåÆþ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£¸«¤Ä¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¤È¤³¤ÎÊÑ¿ô¤ÏÊѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
.TP
\fIval\fP
.\"O is the value to return, or to load into the variable pointed
.\"O to by \fIflag\fP.
ÊÖ¤êÃÍ¡¢¤Þ¤¿¤Ï \fIflag\fP ¤¬¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥È¤¹¤ëÊÑ¿ô¤Ø¥í¡¼¥É¤µ¤ì¤ëÃÍ¡£
.PP
.\"O The last element of the array has to be filled with zeros.
ÇÛÎó¤ÎºÇ¸å¤ÎÍ×ÁǤϡ¢Á´¤Æ 0 ¤ÇËä¤á¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
.PP
.\"O If \fIlongindex\fP is not NULL, it
.\"O points to a variable which is set to the index of the long option relative to
.\"O .IR longopts .
\fIlongindex\fP ¤Ï¡¢NULL ¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¡¢
Ť¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ò
.I longopts
¤«¤é¤ÎÁêÂаÌÃ֤Ȥ·¤ÆÊÝ»ý¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ëÊÑ¿ô¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O .BR getopt_long_only ()
.\"O is like
.\"O .BR getopt_long (),
.\"O but \(aq\-\(aq as well
.\"O as "\-\-" can indicate a long option.
.\"O If an option that starts with \(aq\-\(aq
.\"O (not "\-\-") doesn't match a long option, but does match a short option,
.\"O it is parsed as a short option instead.
.BR getopt_long_only ()
¤Ï
.BR getopt_long ()
¤ÈƱÍͤÎÆ°ºî¤ò¤¹¤ë¤¬¡¢ \(aq\-\(aq ¤â "\-\-" ¤ÈƱÍͤˡ¢
Ť¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤È¤·¤Æ°·¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£\(aq\-\(aq ¤Ç»Ï¤Þ¤ë
("\-\-" °Ê³°¤Î) ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¡¢Ä¹¤¤¤â¤Î¤Ë¤Ï¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤·¤Ê¤¤¤¬Ã»¤¤¤â¤Î¤Ë
¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ïû¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤È¤·¤Æ²ò¼á¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH ÊÖ¤êÃÍ
.\"O If an option was successfully found, then
.\"O .BR getopt ()
.\"O returns the option character.
.\"O If all command-line options have been parsed, then
.\"O .BR getopt ()
.\"O returns \-1.
.\"O If
.\"O .BR getopt ()
.\"O encounters an option character that was not in
.\"O .IR optstring ,
.\"O then \(aq?\(aq is returned.
.\"O If
.\"O .BR getopt ()
.\"O encounters an option with a missing argument,
.\"O then the return value depends on the first character in
.\"O .IR optstring :
.\"O if it is \(aq:\(aq, then \(aq:\(aq is returned; otherwise \(aq?\(aq is returned.
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬Àµ¾ï¤Ë¸«¤Ä¤«¤ì¤Ð
.BR getopt ()
¤Ï¤½¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óʸ»ú¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î²òÀϤ¬½ª¤ï¤Ã¤¿¤é¡¢
.BR getopt ()
¤Ï \-1 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
.I optstring
¤Ë´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óʸ»ú¤¬¸«¤Ä¤«¤ë¤È¡¢\(aq?\(aq ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
°ú¤­¿ô¤¬Â­¤ê¤Ê¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¸«¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢
ÊÖ¤êÃͤÏ
.I optstring
¤ÎºÇ½é¤Îʸ»ú¤Ë¤è¤ë°Û¤Ê¤ë: ºÇ½é¤Îʸ»ú¤¬ \(aq:\(aq ¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð \(aq:\(aq ¤òÊÖ¤·¡¢
¤½¤ì°Ê³°¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï \(aq?\(aq ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
.PP
.\"O .BR getopt_long ()
.\"O and
.\"O .BR getopt_long_only ()
.\"O also return the option
.\"O character when a short option is recognized.
.\"O For a long option, they
.\"O return \fIval\fP if \fIflag\fP is NULL, and 0 otherwise.
.\"O Error and \-1 returns are the same as for
.\"O .BR getopt (),
.\"O plus \(aq?\(aq for an
.\"O ambiguous match or an extraneous parameter.
.BR getopt_long ()
¤È
.BR getopt_long_only ()
¤â¡¢
û¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óʸ»ú¤òǧ¼±¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¤½¤Îʸ»ú¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
Ť¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤Ï¡¢
\fIflag\fP ¤¬ NULL ¤Ê¤é \fIval\fP ¤òÊÖ¤·¡¢
\fIflag\fP ¤¬ NULL °Ê³°¤Ê¤é 0 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
¥¨¥é¡¼¤È \-1 ¤ÎÊÖ¤êÃͤÏ
.BR getopt ()
¤ÈƱ¤¸¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤µ¤é¤Ë \(aq?\(aq ¤Ï¡¢¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¬³ÎÄê¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤ä;ʬ¤Ê¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¡¼¤¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤âÊ֤롣
.\"O .SH ENVIRONMENT
.SH ´Ä¶­
.TP
.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
.\"O If this is set, then option processing stops as soon as a nonoption
.\"O argument is encountered.
¤³¤ì¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¡¢È󥪥ץ·¥ç¥ó¤Î°ú¤­¿ô¤ËÅþ㤷¤¿»þÅÀ¤Ç¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó
¤ËÂФ¹¤ëÁàºî¤¬Ää»ß¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
.TP
.B _<PID>_GNU_nonoption_argv_flags_
.\"O This variable was used by
.\"O .BR bash (1)
.\"O 2.0 to communicate to glibc which arguments are the results of
.\"O wildcard expansion and so should not be considered as options.
.\"O This behavior was removed in
.\"O .BR bash (1)
.\"O version 2.01, but the support remains in glibc.
¤³¤ÎÊÑ¿ô¤Ï
.BR bash (1)
2.0 ¤¬ glibc ¤ÈÄÌ¿®¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ËÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤¿¡£
¤É¤Î°ú¤­¿ô¤¬¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É¤òŸ³«¤·¤¿·ë²Ì¤Ç¡¢
¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤È¤ß¤Ê¤¹¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¤«¤òÃΤ餻¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤³¤Îµ¡Ç½¤Ï
.BR bash (1)
¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó 2.01 ¤Çºï½ü¤µ¤ì¤¿¤¬¡¢glibc ¤Ë¤Ï¤Þ¤À»Ä¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH ½àµò
.TP
.BR getopt ():
.\"O POSIX.2 and POSIX.1-2001,
.\"O provided the environment variable
.\"O .B POSIXLY_CORRECT
.\"O is set.
.\"O Otherwise, the elements of \fIargv\fP aren't really const, because we
.\"O permute them.
.\"O We pretend they're const in the prototype to be
.\"O compatible with other systems.
´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô
.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï POSIX.2 ¤È POSIX.1-2001 ¤Ë½àµò¤¹¤ë¡£
¾¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï \fIargv\fP ¤ÎÍ×ÁǤÏËÜÅö¤Î°ÕÌ£¤Ç¤ÎÄê¿ô¤Ë¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤Ê¤¼¤Ê¤é½ç½ø¤¬Êѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤«¤é¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤¿¤À¤·¤½¤ì¤é¤Ï¡¢¥×¥í¥È¥¿¥¤¥×¤Ç¤ÏÄê¿ô¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤«¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¢¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ï¾¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤È¤Î¸ß´¹À­¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

.\"O The use of \(aq+\(aq and \(aq\-\(aq in
.\"O .I optstring
.\"O is a GNU extension.
.I optstring
¤Ç \(aq+\(aq ¤ä \(aq\-\(aq ¤ò»È¤¦¤Î¤Ï GNU ¤Ë¤è¤ë³ÈÄ¥¤Ç¤¢¤ë.

.\"O On some older implementations,
.\"O .BR getopt ()
.\"O was declared in
.\"O .IR <stdio.h> .
.\"O SUSv1 permitted the declaration to appear in either
.\"O .I <unistd.h>
.\"O or
.\"O .IR <stdio.h> .
.\"O POSIX.1-2001 marked the use if
.\"O .I <stdio.h>
.\"O for this purpose as LEGACY.
.\"O POSIX.1-2001 does not allow the declaration to appear in
.\"O .IR <stdio.h> .
¸Å¤¤¼ÂÁõ¤Î¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
.BR getopt ()
¤Ï
.I <stdio.h>
¤ÇÀë¸À¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡£
SUSv1 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
.I <unistd.h>
¤«
.I <stdio.h>
¤Î¤É¤Á¤é¤«¤Ç
Àë¸À¤·¤Æ¤â¤è¤«¤Ã¤¿¡£
POSIX.1-2001 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
.B getopt
¤ÎÀë¸À¤ò
.I <stdio.h>
¤Ç¹Ô¤¦¤Î¤Ï¡Ö²áµî¤Î̾»Ä¡×¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤µ¤ì¤¿¡£
POSIX.1-2001 ¤Ç¤Ï
.I <stdio.h>
¤ÇÀë¸À¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤³¤È¤òǧ¤á¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
.TP
.\"O .BR getopt_long "() and " getopt_long_only ():
.\"O These functions are GNU extensions.
.BR getopt_long "(), " getopt_long_only ():
¤³¤ì¤é¤Î´Ø¿ô¤Ï GNU ¤Ë¤è¤ë³ÈÄ¥¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH NOTES
.SH Ãí°Õ
.\"O A program that scans multiple argument vectors,
.\"O or rescans the same vector more than once,
.\"O and wants to make use of GNU extensions such as \(aq+\(aq
.\"O and \(aq\-\(aq at the start of
.\"O .IR optstring ,
.\"O or changes the value of
.\"O .B POSIXLY_CORRECT
.\"O between scans,
.\"O must reinitialize
.\"O .BR getopt ()
.\"O by resetting
.\"O .I optind
.\"O to 0, rather than the traditional value of 1.
.\"O (Resetting to 0 forces the invocation of an internal initialization
.\"O routine that rechecks
.\"O .B POSIXLY_CORRECT
.\"O and checks for GNU extensions in
.\"O .IR optstring .)
Ê£¿ô¤Î°ú¤­¿ô¥Ù¥¯¥È¥ë¤ò¥¹¥­¥ã¥ó¤·¤¿¤ê¡¢Æ±¤¸°ú¤­¿ô¥Ù¥¯¥È¥ë¤òÆó²ó°Ê¾å
¥¹¥­¥ã¥ó¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ç¡¢
.I optstring
¤ÎÀèƬ¤Ç \(aq+\(aq ¤ä \(aq\-\(aq ¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿ GNU ¤Ë¤è¤ë³ÈÄ¥µ¡Ç½¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤¿¤ê¡¢
°ú¤­¿ô¥Ù¥¯¥È¥ë¤ÎÀÚ¤êÂؤ¨»þ¤Ë
.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
¤ÎÃͤòÊѹ¹¤·¤¿¤ê¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
.I optind
¤òÅÁÅýŪ¤Ê 1 ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯ 0 ¤Ë¥ê¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç
.BR getopt ()
¤òºÆ½é´ü²½¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤
(0 ¤Ë¥ê¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢
.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
¤ä
.I optstring
¤Î GNU ³ÈÄ¥µ¡Ç½¤Î¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤ò¹Ô¤¦ÆâÉô½é´ü²½¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤¬µ¯Æ°¤µ¤ì¤ë)¡£
.\"O .SH "BUGS"
.SH ¥Ð¥°
.\"O The POSIX.2 specification of
.\"O .BR getopt ()
.\"O has a technical error described in POSIX.2 Interpretation 150.
.\"O The GNU
.\"O implementation (and probably all other implementations) implements the
.\"O correct behavior rather than that specified.
POSIX.2 ¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë
.BR getopt ()
¤Î»ÅÍͤˤϵ»½ÑŪ¤ÊÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ê¡¢
¤½¤ÎÆâÍÆ¤Ï POSIX.2 Interpretation 150 ¤Ëµ­¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
GNU ¤Ë¤è¤ë¼ÂÁõ¤Ç¤Ï (¤ª¤½¤é¤¯Â¾¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¼ÂÁõ¤Ç¤â)¡¢
»ÅÍͤȰۤʤëÀµ¤·¤¤Æ°ºî¤ò¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¼ÂÁõ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH EXAMPLE
.SH Îã
.\"O The following trivial example program uses
.\"O .BR getopt ()
.\"O to handle two program options:
.\"O .IR \-n ,
.\"O with no associated value; and
.\"O .IR "\-t val" ,
.\"O which expects an associated value.
°Ê²¼¤Ë¼¨¤¹´Êñ¤Ê¥µ¥ó¥×¥ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
Æó¼ïÎà¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò°·¤¦¤Î¤Ë
.BR getopt ()
¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£°ì¤Ä¤ÏÃͤòȼ¤ï¤Ê¤¤
.I \-n
¤Ç¡¢¤â¤¦°ì¤Ä¤ÏÂбþ¤¹¤ëÃͤ¬É¬ÍפÊ
.I "\-t val"
¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.nf
.sp
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int flags, opt;
    int nsecs, tfnd;

    nsecs = 0;
    tfnd = 0;
    flags = 0;
    while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "nt:")) != \-1) {
        switch (opt) {
        case \(aqn\(aq:
            flags = 1;
            break;
        case \(aqt\(aq:
            nsecs = atoi(optarg);
            tfnd = 1;
            break;
        default: /* \(aq?\(aq */
            fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [\-t nsecs] [\-n] name\\n",
                    argv[0]);
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
    }

    printf("flags=%d; tfnd=%d; optind=%d\\n", flags, tfnd, optind);

    if (optind >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Expected argument after options\\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    printf("name argument = %s\\n", argv[optind]);

    /* Other code omitted */

    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
.fi
.PP
.\"O The following example program illustrates the use of
.\"O .BR getopt_long ()
.\"O with most of its features.
°Ê²¼¤Ï¡¢
.BR getopt_long ()
¤Î»ÈÍÑË¡¤ò¡¢¤Û¤Ü¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Îµ¡Ç½¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¼¨¤·¤¿¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.nf
.sp
#include <stdio.h>     /* for printf */
#include <stdlib.h>    /* for exit */
#include <getopt.h>

int
main(int argc, char **argv) {
    int c;
    int digit_optind = 0;

    while (1) {
        int this_option_optind = optind ? optind : 1;
        int option_index = 0;
        static struct option long_options[] = {
            {"add", 1, 0, 0},
            {"append", 0, 0, 0},
            {"delete", 1, 0, 0},
            {"verbose", 0, 0, 0},
            {"create", 1, 0, \(aqc\(aq},
            {"file", 1, 0, 0},
            {0, 0, 0, 0}
        };

        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "abc:d:012",
                 long_options, &option_index);
        if (c == \-1)
            break;

        switch (c) {
        case 0:
            printf("option %s", long_options[option_index].name);
            if (optarg)
                printf(" with arg %s", optarg);
            printf("\\n");
            break;

        case \(aq0\(aq:
        case \(aq1\(aq:
        case \(aq2\(aq:
            if (digit_optind != 0 && digit_optind != this_option_optind)
              printf("digits occur in two different argv\-elements.\\n");
            digit_optind = this_option_optind;
            printf("option %c\\n", c);
            break;

        case \(aqa\(aq:
            printf("option a\\n");
            break;

        case \(aqb\(aq:
            printf("option b\\n");
            break;

        case \(aqc\(aq:
            printf("option c with value \(aq%s\(aq\\n", optarg);
            break;

        case \(aqd\(aq:
            printf("option d with value \(aq%s\(aq\\n", optarg);
            break;

        case \(aq?\(aq:
            break;

        default:
            printf("?? getopt returned character code 0%o ??\\n", c);
        }
    }

    if (optind < argc) {
        printf("non-option ARGV\-elements: ");
        while (optind < argc)
            printf("%s ", argv[optind++]);
        printf("\\n");
    }

    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
.fi
.\"O .SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH ´ØÏ¢¹àÌÜ
.BR getsubopt (3),
.BR feature_test_macros (7)