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[linuxjm/jm.git] / manual / LDP_man-pages / draft / man3 / getsubopt.3

.\" Copyright (C) 2007 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
.\" and Copyright (C) 2007 Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj@justinpryzby.com>
.\"
.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
.\" a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
.\" "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
.\" without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
.\" distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
.\" permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
.\" the following conditions:
.\"
.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
.\" included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
.\"
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
.\" EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
.\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
.\" CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
.\" TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
.\" SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 2007  Akihiro MOTOKI
.\"         all rights reserved.
.\" Translated 2007-06-02, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
.\" 
.TH GETSUBOPT 3 2008-05-29 "GNU" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.\"O .SH NAME
.SH ̾Á°
.\"O getsubopt \- parse suboption arguments from a string
getsubopt \- ʸ»úÎóÃæ¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó°ú¤­¿ô¤Î²ò¼á¤ò¹Ô¤¦
.\"O .SH SYNOPSIS
.SH ½ñ¼°
.B #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500
.br
.B #include <stdlib.h>

.BI "int getsubopt(char **"optionp ", char * const *" tokens \
", char **" valuep );
.\"O .SH DESCRIPTION
.SH ÀâÌÀ
.\"O .BR getsubopt ()
.\"O parses the list of comma-separated suboptions provided in
.\"O .IR optionp .
.\"O (Such a suboption list is typically produced when
.\"O .BR getopt (3)
.\"O is used to parse a command line;
.\"O see for example the \fI-o\fP option of
.\"O .BR mount (8).)
.\"O Each suboption may include an associated value,
.\"O which is separated from the suboption name by an equal sign.
.\"O The following is an example of the kind of string
.\"O that might be passed in
.\"O .IR optionp :
.BR getsubopt ()
¤Ï¡¢
.I optionp
¤ÇÍ¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤¿¥«¥ó¥Þ¶èÀÚ¤ê¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¡¦¥ê¥¹¥È¤ò²òÀϤ¹¤ë¡£
(¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥µ¥Ö¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¡¦¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ï
.BR getopt (3)
¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤ò²ò¼á¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¸½¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤¬Â¿¤¤¡£
Î㤨¤Ð¡¢
.BR mount (8)
¤Î \fI-o\fP ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò¸«¤ë¤È¤è¤¤¡£)
¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤ÏÂбþ¤¹¤ëÃͤò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¥µ¥Ö¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î̾Á°¤ÈÂбþ¤¹¤ëÃͤÏÅù¹æ (\(aq=\(aq) ¤Ç¶èÀÚ¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
Î㤨¤Ð¡¢°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Êʸ»úÎó¤ò
.I optionp
¤ËÅϤ¹¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.sp
.in +4n
.B ro,name=xyz
.in

.\"O The
.\"O .I tokens
.\"O argument is a pointer to a NULL-terminated list of the tokens that
.\"O .BR getsubopt ()
.\"O will look for in
.\"O .IR optionp .
.\"O The tokens should be distinct, null-terminated strings containing at
.\"O least one character, with no embedded equal signs or commas.
.I tokens
°ú¤­¿ô¤Ï¥È¡¼¥¯¥ó¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤Ç¡¢¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ï NULL ¤Ç½ªÃ¼¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
.BR getsubopt ()
¤Ï¤³¤Î¥È¡¼¥¯¥ó¤ò
.I optionp
Æâ¤Çõ¤¹¡£
¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥È¡¼¥¯¥ó¤Ï¡¢NULL ½ªÃ¼¤µ¤ì¤¿ 1ʸ»ú°Ê¾å¤Îʸ»úÎó¤Ç¡¢
¾¤Î¥È¡¼¥¯¥ó¤È¶èÊ̤Ǥ­¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¡£
¤Þ¤¿¡¢Åù¹æ¤È¥«¥ó¥Þ¤ò´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£

.\"O Each call to
.\"O .BR getsubopt ()
.\"O returns information about the next unprocessed suboption in
.\"O .IR optionp .
.BR getsubopt ()
¤Ï¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤µ¤ì¤ë¤¿¤Ó¤Ë¡¢
.I optionp
Ãæ¤Î¼¡¤Î̤½èÍý¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¾ðÊó¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
.\"O The first equal sign in a suboption (if any) is interpreted as a
.\"O separator between the name and the value of that suboption.
.\"O The value extends to the next comma,
.\"O or (for the last suboption) to the end of the string.
¥µ¥Ö¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óÆâ¤ËÅù¹æ¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢ºÇ½é¤ÎÅù¹æ¤Ï
¤½¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î̾Á°¤ÈÃͤζèÀÚ¤ê¤È²ò¼á¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
¶èÀڤ꤫¤é¼¡¤Î¥«¥ó¥Þ (ºÇ¸å¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢Ê¸»úÎó¤ÎËöÈø)
¤Þ¤Ç¤¬¡¢¥µ¥Ö¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÎÃͤȤʤ롣
.\"O If the name of the suboption matches a known name from
.\"O .IR tokens ,
.\"O and a value string was found,
.\"O .BR getsubopt ()
.\"O sets
.\"O .I *valuep
.\"O to the address of that string.
¥µ¥Ö¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î̾Á°¤¬
.I tokens
Æâ¤Î̾Á°¤È°ìÃפ·¡¢Ãͤòɽ¤¹Ê¸»úÎ󤬸«¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢
.BR getsubopt ()
¤Ï
.I *valuep
¤òÃͤòɽ¤¹Ê¸»úÎó¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£
.\"O The first comma in
.\"O .I optionp
.\"O is overwritten with a null byte, so
.\"O .I *valuep
.\"O is precisely the "value string" for that suboption.
.I optionp
Ãæ¤ÎºÇ½é¤Î¥«¥ó¥Þ¤Ï¥Ì¥ë¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Ç¾å½ñ¤­¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¡¢
.I *valuep
¤Ï¤½¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¡ÖÃͤÎʸ»úÎó¡×¤½¤Î¤â¤Î¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£

.\"O If the suboption is recognized, but no value string was found,
.\"O .RI * valuep
.\"O is set to NULL.
¥µ¥Ö¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬Ç§¼±¤µ¤ì¤¿¤¬¡¢Ãͤòɽ¤¹Ê¸»úÎ󤬸«¤Ä¤«¤é¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢
.RI * valuep
¤Ï NULL ¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¡£

.\"O When
.\"O .BR getsubopt ()
.\"O returns,
.\"O .I optionp
.\"O points to the next suboption, or to the null character at the end of the
.\"O string if the last suboption was just processed.
.BR getsubopt ()
¤¬ÊÖ¤ë»þ¡¢
.I optionp
¤Ï¼¡¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»Ø¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
¤Á¤ç¤¦¤ÉºÇ¸å¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬½èÍý¤µ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢
ʸ»úÎóËöÈø¤Î¥Ì¥ëʸ»ú¤ò»Ø¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH RETURN VALUE
.SH ÊÖ¤êÃÍ
.\"O If the first suboption in
.\"O .I optionp
.\"O is recognized,
.\"O .BR getsubopt ()
.\"O returns the index of the matching suboption element in
.\"O .IR tokens .
.\"O Otherwise, \-1 is returned and
.\"O .I *valuep
.\"O is the entire
.\"O .IB name [= value ]
.\"O string.
.I optionp
Æâ¤Ç¥µ¥Ö¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¸«¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢
.BR getsubopt ()
¤ÏºÇ½é¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë
.I tokens
¤ÎÍ×ÁǤÎź»ú¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
¸«¤Ä¤«¤é¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢\-1 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢
.I *valuep
¤Ï
.IB name [= value ]
¤Îʸ»úÎóÁ´ÂΤȤʤ롣

.\"O Since
.\"O .I *optionp
.\"O is changed, the first suboption before the call to
.\"O .BR getsubopt ()
.\"O is not (necessarily) the same as the first suboption after
.\"O .BR getsubopt ().
.I *optionp
¤ÏÊѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢
.BR getsubopt ()
¤ò¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤¹Á°¤ÎºÇ½é¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï
.BR getsubopt ()
¤ò¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¸å¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Èɬ¤º¤·¤âƱ¤¸¤È¤Ï¸Â¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
.\"O .SH CONFORMING TO
.SH ½àµò
POSIX.1-2001.
.\"O .SH NOTES
.SH Ãí°Õ

.\"O Since
.\"O .BR getsubopt ()
.\"O overwrites any commas it finds in the string
.\"O .I *optionp ,
.\"O that string must be writable; it cannot be a string constant.
.BR getsubopt ()
¤Ï¡¢Ê¸»úÎó
.RI * optionp
Ãæ¤Ë¸«¤Ä¤±¤¿¥«¥ó¥Þ¤ò¾å½ñ¤­¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢Ê¸»úÎó
.I *optionp
¤Ï½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß²Äǽ¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤º¡¢
ʸ»úÎóÄê¿ô¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¡£
.\"O .SH EXAMPLE
.SH Îã
.\"O The following program expects suboptions following a "\-o" option.
°Ê²¼¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ï "\-o" ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë³¤¤¤Æ¥µ¥Ö¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò
´üÂÔ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

.nf
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    enum {
        RO_OPT = 0,
        RW_OPT,
        NAME_OPT
    };
    char *const token[] = {
        [RO_OPT]   = "ro",
        [RW_OPT]   = "rw",
        [NAME_OPT] = "name",
        NULL
    };
    char *subopts;
    char *value;
    int opt;

    int readonly = 0;
    int readwrite = 0;
    char *name = NULL;
    int errfnd = 0;

    while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "o:")) != \-1) {
        switch (opt) {
        case \(aqo\(aq:
            subopts = optarg;
            while (*subopts != \(aq\\0\(aq && !errfnd) {

            switch (getsubopt(&subopts, token, &value)) {
            case RO_OPT:
                readonly = 1;
                break;

            case RW_OPT:
                readwrite = 1;
                break;

            case NAME_OPT:
                if (value == NULL) {
                    fprintf(stderr, "Missing value for "
                            "suboption \(aq%s\(aq\\n", token[NAME_OPT]);
                    errfnd = 1;
                    continue;
                }

                name = value;
                break;

            default:
                fprintf(stderr, "No match found "
                        "for token: /%s/\\n", value);
                errfnd = 1;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (readwrite && readonly) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Only one of \(aq%s\(aq and \(aq%s\(aq can be "
                    "specified\\n", token[RO_OPT], token[RW_OPT]);
            errfnd = 1;
        }
        break;

        default:
            errfnd = 1;
        }
    }

    if (errfnd || argc == 1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "\\nUsage: %s \-o <suboptstring>\\n", argv[0]);
        fprintf(stderr, "suboptions are \(aqro\(aq, \(aqrw\(aq, "
                "and \(aqname=<value>\(aq\\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    /* Remainder of program... */

    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
.fi
.\"O .SH SEE ALSO
.SH ´ØÏ¢¹àÌÜ
.BR getopt (3),
.BR feature_test_macros (7)