1 .\" Copyright (c) 1999 Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
3 .\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
4 .\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
5 .\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
6 .\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
8 .\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
9 .\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
10 .\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
11 .\" intermediate and printed output.
13 .\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
14 .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
16 .\" GNU General Public License for more details.
18 .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
19 .\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free
20 .\" Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111,
24 .\" Earlier versions of this page influenced the present text.
25 .\" It was derived from a Berkeley page with version
26 .\" @(#)printf.3 6.14 (Berkeley) 7/30/91
27 .\" converted for Linux by faith@cs.unc.edu, updated by
28 .\" Helmut.Geyer@iwr.uni-heidelberg.de, agulbra@troll.no and Bruno Haible.
30 .\" 1999-11-25 aeb - Rewritten, using SUSv2 and C99.
31 .\" 2000-07-26 jsm28@hermes.cam.ac.uk - three small fixes
32 .\" 2000-10-16 jsm28@hermes.cam.ac.uk - more fixes
34 .\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 YOSHINO Takashi all rights reserved.
35 .\" Translated 1998-02-17, YOSHINO Takashi <yoshino@civil.jcn.nihon-u.ac.jp>
36 .\" Updated 2000-10-02, Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
37 .\" Updated 2001-01-29, Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
38 .\" Updated 2002-01-03, Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
39 .\" Updated 2002-10-17, Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
40 .\" Updated 2005-03-15, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
41 .\" Updated 2006-07-20, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
42 .\" Updated 2008-02-10, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>, LDP v2.77
43 .\" Updated 2009-03-03, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>, LDP v3.19
45 .\" WORD: conversion specifier ÊÑ´¹»ØÄê»Ò
46 .\" WORD: length modifier Ťµ½¤¾þ»Ò
48 .TH PRINTF 3 2008-12-19 "GNU" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
51 .\"O printf, fprintf, sprintf, snprintf, vprintf, vfprintf, vsprintf,
52 .\"O vsnprintf \- formatted output conversion
53 printf, fprintf, sprintf, snprintf, vprintf, vfprintf, vsprintf,
54 vsnprintf \- »ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿½ñ¼°¤ËÊÑ´¹¤·¤Æ½ÐÎϤò¹Ô¤¦
59 .BI "int printf(const char *" format ", ...);"
61 .BI "int fprintf(FILE *" stream ", const char *" format ", ...);"
63 .BI "int sprintf(char *" str ", const char *" format ", ...);"
65 .BI "int snprintf(char *" str ", size_t " size ", const char *" format ", ...);"
67 .B #include <stdarg.h>
69 .BI "int vprintf(const char *" format ", va_list " ap );
71 .BI "int vfprintf(FILE *" stream ", const char *" format ", va_list " ap );
73 .BI "int vsprintf(char *" str ", const char *" format ", va_list " ap );
75 .BI "int vsnprintf(char *" str ", size_t " size ", const char *" format \
79 .\"O Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
80 .\"O .BR feature_test_macros (7)):
81 glibc ¸þ¤±¤Îµ¡Ç½¸¡ºº¥Þ¥¯¥í¤ÎÍ×·ï
82 .RB ( feature_test_macros (7)
89 _BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500 || _ISOC99_SOURCE; or
94 .\"O The functions in the
96 .\"O family produce output according to a
98 .\"O as described below.
100 ´Ø¿ô¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ï¡¢°Ê²¼¤Ç½Ò¤Ù¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢
102 ¤Ë½¾¤Ã¤Æ½ÐÎϤòÀ¸À®¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
109 .\"O the standard output stream;
113 .\"O write output to the given output
116 .\"O .BR snprintf (),
119 .\"O .BR vsnprintf ()
120 .\"O write to the character string
127 (ɸ½à½ÐÎÏ¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à) ¤Ë½ñ¤½Ð¤¹¡£
131 ¤Ï½ÐÎϤò»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿½ÐÎÏ
145 .\"O .BR vsnprintf ()
148 .\"O bytes (including the trailing null byte (\(aq\e0\(aq)) to
159 ¤Ë¤Ïʸ»úÎó¤ò½ªÃ¼¤¹¤ë \(aq\e0\(aq ¤â¤ò´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë)¡£
163 .\"O .BR vfprintf (),
164 .\"O .BR vsprintf (),
165 .\"O .BR vsnprintf ()
166 .\"O are equivalent to the functions
170 .\"O .BR snprintf (),
171 .\"O respectively, except that they are called with a
173 .\"O instead of a variable number of arguments.
174 .\"O These functions do not call the
177 .\"O Because they invoke the
179 .\"O macro, the value of
181 .\"O is undefined after the call.
193 ¤Î³Æ´Ø¿ô¤ÈÅù²Á¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢²ÄÊÑ¿ô°ú¤¿ô¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë
195 ¤ò°ú¤¿ô¤È¤·¤Æ¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤µ¤ì¤ëÅÀ¤À¤±¤¬°Û¤Ê¤ë¡£
198 ¥Þ¥¯¥í¤Ï¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
201 ¤ò¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤¹¤Î¤Ç¡¢¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¸å¤Î
207 .\"O These eight functions write the output under the control of a
209 .\"O string that specifies how subsequent arguments (or arguments accessed via
210 .\"O the variable-length argument facilities of
212 .\"O are converted for output.
213 ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î 8 ¤Ä¤Î´Ø¿ô¤Ï
215 ʸ»úÎó¤ÎÀ©¸æ¤Ë½¾¤Ã¤Æ½ÐÎϤò½ñ¤½Ð¤¹¡£
217 ʸ»úÎó¤Ï¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ë³¤¯°ú¤¿ô (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï
219 ¤Î²ÄÊÑĹ°ú¤¿ôµ¡¹½¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤Ç¤¤ë°ú¤¿ô)
220 ¤ò¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÊÑ´¹¤·¤Æ½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¤«¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¡£
222 .\"O C99 and POSIX.1-2001 specify that the results are undefined if a call to
224 .\"O .BR snprintf (),
225 .\"O .BR vsprintf (),
227 .\"O .BR vsnprintf ()
228 .\"O would cause copying to take place between objects that overlap
229 .\"O (e.g., if the target string array and one of the supplied input arguments
230 .\"O refer to the same buffer).
232 C99 ¤È POSIX.1-2001 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
237 ¤Î¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤Ç¡¢ÈϰϤ¬½ÅÊ£¤¹¤ë¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È´Ö¤Ç¥³¥Ô¡¼¤¬È¯À¸¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Î
238 ·ë²Ì¤ÏÉÔÄê¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤Èµ¬Äꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë (Î㤨¤Ð¡¢½ÐÎÏÀè¤Îʸ»úÎó¤ÈÆþÎϤµ¤ì¤¿
239 °ú¤¿ô¤Î°ì¤Ä¤¬Æ±¤¸¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ê¤É¤Ç¤¢¤ë)¡£
241 .\"O .SS "Return value"
243 .\"O Upon successful return, these functions return the number of characters
244 .\"O printed (not including the
245 .\"O trailing \(aq\e0\(aq used to end output to strings).
246 À®¸ù»þ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¾åµ¤Î´Ø¿ô¤Ï½ñ¤¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤¿Ê¸»ú¿ô¤òÊÖ¤¹
247 (ʸ»úÎó¤ÎºÇ¸å¤ò¼¨¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ë»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë \(aq\e0\(aq ¤Ï¿ô¤Ë´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Ê¤¤)¡£
252 .\"O .BR vsnprintf ()
253 .\"O do not write more than
255 .\"O bytes (including the trailing \(aq\e0\(aq).
256 .\"O If the output was truncated due to this limit then the return value
257 .\"O is the number of characters (not including the trailing \(aq\e0\(aq)
258 .\"O which would have been written to the final string if enough space
259 .\"O had been available.
260 .\"O Thus, a return value of
262 .\"O or more means that the output was truncated.
263 .\"O (See also below under NOTES.)
269 ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤ò±Û¤¨¤ëʸ»ú¿ô¤ò½ñ¤¹þ¤Þ¤Ê¤¤
271 ¤Ë¤Ïʸ»úÎó¤ò½ªÃ¼¤¹¤ë \(aq\e0\(aq ¤â¤ò´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë)¡£
272 ¤³¤ÎÀ©¸Â¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ½ÐÎϤ¬ÀÚ¤êµÍ¤á¤é¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
273 ¤â¤·½½Ê¬¤Ê¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤¬¤¢¤ì¤Ð½ñ¤¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤¿¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦Ê¸»ú¤Î¸Ä¿ô
274 (ʸ»úÎó¤ò½ªÃ¼¤¹¤ë \(aq\e0\(aq ¤ò½ü¤¯) ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
277 °Ê¾å¤À¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢½ÐÎϤ¬ÀÚ¤êµÍ¤á¤é¤ì¤¿¤³¤È¤ò°ÕÌ£¤¹¤ë
278 (¸å½Ò¤ÎÃí°Õ¤â»²¾È¤Î¤³¤È)¡£
280 .\"O If an output error is encountered, a negative value is returned.
281 ¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬È¯À¸¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢Éé¤Î¿ô¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
282 .\"O .SS "Format of the format string"
283 .SS ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥Èʸ»úÎó¤Î¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È
284 .\"O The format string is a character string, beginning and ending
285 .\"O in its initial shift state, if any.
286 ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥Èʸ»úÎó¤Ïʸ»ú¤ÎÎó¤Ç¡¢
287 (¤â¤·¤¢¤ë¤Ê¤é) ½é´ü¥·¥Õ¥È¾õÂ֤ǻϤޤꡢ½é´ü¥·¥Õ¥È¾õÂ֤ǽª¤ï¤ë¡£
288 .\"O The format string is composed of zero or more directives: ordinary
291 .\"O which are copied unchanged to the output stream;
292 .\"O and conversion specifications, each of which results in fetching zero or
293 .\"O more subsequent arguments.
294 ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥ÈÍѤÎʸ»úÎó¤Ï 0 ¸Ä°Ê¾å¤ÎÌ¿Îá (directives) ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
295 Ì¿Îá¤Ë¤Ï¡¢Ä̾ïʸ»ú¤ÈÊÑ´¹»ØÄê (conversion specifications) ¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
298 °Ê³°¤Îʸ»ú¤Ç¡¢½ÐÎÏ¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤Ë¤½¤Î¤Þ¤Þ¥³¥Ô¡¼¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
299 ÊÑ´¹»ØÄê¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤¬ 0 ¸Ä°Ê¾å¤Î°ú¤¿ô¤ò¼è¤ë¡£
300 .\"O Each conversion specification is introduced by
304 .\"O .IR "conversion specifier" .
308 .I "ÊÑ´¹»ØÄê»Ò (conversion specifier)"
310 .\"O In between there may be (in this order) zero or more
312 .\"O an optional minimum
313 .\"O .IR "field width" ,
317 .\"O .IR "length modifier" .
319 ¤ÈÊÑ´¹»ØÄê»Ò¤Î´Ö¤Ë¤Ï¡¢0 ¸Ä°Ê¾å¤Î
325 ¤ò (¤³¤Î½ç½ø¤Ç) ÃÖ¤¯¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë¡£
327 .\"O The arguments must correspond properly (after type promotion) with the
328 .\"O conversion specifier.
329 .\"O By default, the arguments are used in the order
330 .\"O given, where each \(aq*\(aq and each conversion specifier asks for the next
331 .\"O argument (and it is an error if insufficiently many arguments are given).
332 °ú¤¿ô¤Ï (·¿¤Î³Ê¾å¤²¤Î¸å¤Ï) ÊÑ´¹»ØÄê»Ò¤¬É½¤¹·¿¤ÈÀµ³Î¤ËÂбþ¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
333 ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¡¢\(aq*\(aq ¤äÊÑ´¹»ØÄê»Ò¤¬½Ð¤Æ¤¯¤ëËè¤Ë¼¡¤Î°ú¤¿ô¤òÍ׵ᤵ¤ì¡¢
334 °ú¤¿ô¤Ï»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿½ç½ø¤Ç»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¯
335 (»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿°ú¤¿ô¤Î¸Ä¿ô¤¬ÉÔ½½Ê¬¤Ê¤é¥¨¥é¡¼¤È¤Ê¤ë)¡£
336 .\"O One can also specify explicitly which argument is taken,
337 .\"O at each place where an argument is required, by writing "%m$" instead
338 .\"O of \(aq%\(aq and "*m$" instead of \(aq*\(aq,
339 .\"O where the decimal integer m denotes
340 .\"O the position in the argument list of the desired argument, indexed starting
346 .\"O printf("%*d", width, num);
354 .\"O printf("%2$*1$d", width, num);
358 ¤Þ¤¿¡¢°ú¤¿ô¤¬É¬Íפʲսê¤Ç \(aq%\(aq ¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë "%m$"¡¢
359 \(aq*\(aq¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë "*m$" ¤È½ñ¤¯¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢
360 ÌÀ¼¨Åª¤Ë¤É¤Î°ú¤¿ô¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤«¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤¤ë¡£
361 ¤³¤³¤Ç 10¿Ê¤ÎÀ°¿ô m ¤Ï´õ˾¤Î°ú¤¿ô¤Î°ú¤¿ô¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ç¤Î°ÌÃÖ¤ò¼¨¤¹
362 (ºÇ½é¤Î°ú¤¿ô¤ÎÈֹ椬 1 ¤Ç¤¢¤ë)¡£
363 ½¾¤Ã¤Æ¡¢°Ê²¼¤ÎÆó¤Ä¤ÏÅù²Á¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
367 printf("%*d", width, num);
369 printf("%2$*1$d", width, num);
375 .\"O The second style allows repeated references to the
377 .\"O The C99 standard does not include the style using \(aq$\(aq,
378 .\"O which comes from the Single Unix Specification.
379 .\"O If the style using
380 .\"O \(aq$\(aq is used, it must be used throughout for all conversions taking an
381 .\"O argument and all width and precision arguments, but it may be mixed
382 .\"O with "%%" formats which do not consume an argument.
384 .\"O gaps in the numbers of arguments specified using \(aq$\(aq; for example, if
385 .\"O arguments 1 and 3 are specified, argument 2 must also be specified
386 .\"O somewhere in the format string.
387 ÆóÈÖÌܤνñ¤Êý¤Ç¤ÏƱ¤¸°ú¤¿ô¤ò·«¤êÊÖ¤·»²¾È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë¡£
388 C99 ɸ½à¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ Single Unix Specification ͳÍè¤Î \(aq$\(aq ¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿½ñ¤Êý¤Ï´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
389 \(aq$\(aq ¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¤ò»È¤¦¤È¡¢°ú¤¿ô¤ò¼è¤ëÊÑ´¹µÚ¤ÓÉý¤ÈÀºÅ٤ΰú¤¿ô¤ò
390 Á´¤Æ¤³¤Î¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¤Ç»ØÄꤷ¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢
391 °ú¤¿ô¤ò¾ÃÈñ¤·¤Ê¤¤ "%%" ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤Èº®¤¶¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
392 \(aq$\(aq ¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤ë°ú¤¿ô¤ÎÈÖ¹æ¤Ë¶õ¤¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
393 Î㤨¤Ð¡¢¤â¤·°ú¤¿ô 1 ¤È 3 ¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¤È¡¢°ú¤¿ô 2 ¤â¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥Èʸ»úÎó¤Î¤É¤³¤«¤Ç
394 »ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
396 .\"O For some numeric conversion a radix character ("decimal point") or
397 .\"O thousands' grouping character is used.
398 .\"O The actual character used
401 .\"O part of the locale.
402 .\"O The POSIX locale
403 .\"O uses \(aq.\(aq as radix character, and does not have a grouping character.
404 ¿ôÃÍÊÑ´¹¤Ë¤Ï¾®¿ôÅÀ¤ä 1000 ñ°Ì¤Î¶èÀÚ¤êʸ»ú¤ò»È¤¦¤â¤Î¤â¤¢¤ë¡£
405 ¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤É¤Îʸ»ú¤ò»È¤¦¤«¤Ï¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¤Î
408 POSIX ¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤Ï¾®¿ôÅÀ¤Ë \(aq.\(aq ¤òÍѤ¤¡¢
409 ¶èÀÚ¤êʸ»ú¤Ï»È¤ï¤Ê¤¤¡£
415 printf("%\(aq.2f", 1234567.89);
419 .\"O results in "1234567.89" in the POSIX locale, in "1234567,89" in the
420 .\"O nl_NL locale, and in "1.234.567,89" in the da_DK locale.
421 ¤Ï¡¢ POSIX ¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤Ï "1234567.89" ¡¢ nl_NL ¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤Ï "1234567,89"¡¢
422 da_DK ¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤Ï "1.234.567,89" ¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£
423 .\"O .SS "The flag characters"
425 .\"O The character % is followed by zero or more of the following flags:
426 % ʸ»ú¤Î¸å¤í¤Ë¤Ï 0 ¸Ä°Ê¾å¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°Ê¸»ú¤¬Â³¤¯¡£
429 .\"O The value should be converted to an "alternate form".
431 ÃͤϡÖÊ̤ηÁ¼°¡×¤ËÊÑ´¹¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
434 .\"O conversions, the first character of the output string is made zero
435 .\"O (by prefixing a 0 if it was not zero already).
437 ÊÑ´¹¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢(ÀèƬʸ»ú¤¬ 0 ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤ËÀèƬ¤Ë 0 ¤òÄɲ乤뤳¤È¤Ç)
438 ½ÐÎÏʸ»úÎó¤ÎºÇ½é¤Îʸ»ú¤ò 0 ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¡£
443 .\"O conversions, a nonzero result has the string "0x" (or "0X" for
445 .\"O conversions) prepended to it.
449 ÊÑ´¹¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢¿ôÃͤ¬ 0 ¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤Ë¤Ïʸ»úÎó "0x"
451 ÊÑ´¹¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï "0X") ¤¬Á°¤ËÉÕÍ¿¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
462 .\"O conversions, the result will always contain a decimal point, even if no
463 .\"O digits follow it (normally, a decimal point appears in the results of those
464 .\"O conversions only if a digit follows).
474 ÊÑ´¹¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ ¾®¿ôÅÀ¤Ë³¤¯¿ô»ú¤¬¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤â¡¢
475 ½ÐÎϤˤϾï¤Ë¾®¿ôÅÀ¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë
476 (Ä̾ï¤Ï¡¢¾®¿ôÅÀ¤Î¸å¤Ë¿ô»ú¤¬Â³¤¯¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Î¤ß¡¢
477 ¾®¿ôÅÀ¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë)¡£
481 .\"O conversions, trailing zeros are not removed from the result as they would
486 ÊÑ´¹¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢Â¾¤ÎÊÑ´¹¤È¤Ï°Û¤Ê¤ê¡¢ËöÈø¤Î¥¼¥í¤¬ÊÑ´¹·ë²Ì¤«¤éºï½ü¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
487 .\"O For other conversions, the result is undefined.
488 ¤½¤Î¾¤ÎÊÑ´¹¤Ç¤Ï¡¢·ë²Ì¤Ï̤ÄêµÁ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
491 .\"O The value should be zero padded.
508 .\"O conversions, the converted value is padded on the left with zeros rather
525 ÊÑ´¹¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ÊÑ´¹¤·¤¿Ãͤκ¸Â¦¤ò¶õÇòʸ»ú¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë¥¼¥í¤ÇËä¤á¤ë¡£
530 .\"O flags both appear, the
532 .\"O flag is ignored.
536 ¤¬Î¾Êý¤È¤â»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢
539 .\"O If a precision is given with a numeric conversion
549 .\"O flag is ignored.
557 ¤ÈƱ»þ¤Ë»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
560 .\"O For other conversions, the behavior is undefined.
561 ¤½¤Î¾¤ÎÊÑ´¹¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Æ°ºî¤Ï̤ÄêµÁ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
564 .\"O The converted value is to be left adjusted on the field boundary.
565 .\"O (The default is right justification.)
568 .\"O conversions, the converted value is padded on the right with blanks, rather
569 .\"O than on the left with blanks or zeros.
571 ÊÑ´¹Ãͤò¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¶³¦¤Çº¸Â·¤¨¤Ë¤¹¤ë
572 (¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï±¦Â·¤¨¤Ç¤¢¤ë)¡£
574 ÊÑ´¹°Ê³°¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ÊÑ´¹¤µ¤ì¤¿ÃͤÏ
575 º¸Â¦¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯±¦Â¦¤ò¶õÇòʸ»ú¤ä¥¼¥í¤ÇËä¤á¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
579 .\"O if both are given.
583 ¤ÎξÊý¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
589 .\"O (a space) A blank should be left before a positive number
590 .\"O (or empty string) produced by a signed conversion.
592 Éä¹æÉÕ¤ÊÑ´¹¤ÇÀ¸À®¤µ¤ì¤¿Àµ¤Î¿ô»ú¤ÎÁ°¤Ë¶õÇò (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¶õʸ»úÎó) ¤¬ÃÖ¤«¤ì¤ë¡£
595 .\"O A sign (+ or \-) should always be placed before a number produced by a signed
597 .\"O By default a sign is used only for negative numbers.
600 .\"O overrides a space if both are used.
602 Éä¹æÉÕ¤ÊÑ´¹¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤ë¿ô»ú¤ÎÁ°¤Ë¡¢¾ï¤ËÉä¹æ (+ ¤« \-) ¤¬ÃÖ¤«¤ì¤ë¡£
603 ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Éä¹æ¤ÏÉé¤Î¿ô»ú¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Î¤ßÉÕÍ¿¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
606 ξÊý¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
610 .\"O The five flag characters above are defined in the C standard.
611 .\"O The SUSv2 specifies one further flag character.
612 ¾åµ¤Î 5 ¤Ä¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï C ɸ½à¤ÇÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
613 SUSv2 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤µ¤é¤Ë¤â¤¦°ì¤Ä¥Õ¥é¥°Ê¸»ú¤¬µ¬Äꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
616 .\"O For decimal conversion
624 .\"O the output is to be grouped with thousands' grouping characters
625 .\"O if the locale information indicates any.
626 .\"O Note that many versions of
628 .\"O cannot parse this option and will issue a warning.
639 ¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¢¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¾ðÊó¤Ë»ØÄ꤬¤¢¤ì¤Ð 1000 ñ°Ì¤Î¶èÀÚ¤êʸ»ú¤ò½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¡£
641 ¤Î¿¤¯¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò²ò¼á¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤º¡¢
642 ·Ù¹ð¤ò½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤»¤è¡£
643 %\(aqF ¤Ï SUSv2 ¤Ë¤Ï´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
645 .\"O glibc 2.2 adds one further flag character.
646 glibc 2.2 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤µ¤é¤Ë°ì¤Ä¥Õ¥é¥°Ê¸»ú¤¬Äɲ䵤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
649 .\"O For decimal integer conversion
653 .\"O the output uses the locale's alternative output digits, if any.
654 .\"O For example, since glibc 2.2.3 this will give Arabic-Indic digits
655 .\"O in the Persian ("fa_IR") locale.
656 .\"O .\" outdigits keyword in locale file
661 ¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¢¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¤ÎÂåÂؽÐÎÏ¿ô»ú¤¬¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢¤½¤ì¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¡£
662 Î㤨¤Ð¡¢ glibc 2.2.3 °Ê¹ß¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥Ú¥ë¥·¥¢ ("fa_IR") ¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¤Ç
663 ¥¢¥é¥Ó¥¢¿ô»ú (Arabic-Indic digits) ¤ò½ÐÎϤǤ¤ë¡£
664 .\" ¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤Ï outdigits ¤È¤¤¤¦¥¡¼¥ï¡¼¥É¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
665 .\"O .SS "The field width"
667 .\"O An optional decimal digit string (with nonzero first digit) specifying
668 .\"O a minimum field width.
669 .\"O If the converted value has fewer characters
670 .\"O than the field width, it will be padded with spaces on the left
671 .\"O (or right, if the left-adjustment flag has been given).
672 ºÇ¾®¤Î¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥ÉÉý¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë 10¿Ê¿ô¤Î¿ôÃÍʸ»úÎó (ʸ»úÎó¤ÎºÇ½é¤Îʸ»ú¤Ï
673 ¥¼¥í°Ê³°)¡£ËܹàÌܤϥª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
674 ÊÑ´¹¤µ¤ì¤¿ÃͤÎʸ»ú¿ô¤¬¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥ÉŤè¤ê¤â¾¯¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢
675 ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Îº¸Â¦¤ò¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤ÇËä¤á¤ë
676 (º¸Â·¤¨¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï±¦Â¦¤òËä¤á¤ë)¡£
677 .\"O Instead of a decimal digit string one may write "*" or "*m$"
678 .\"O (for some decimal integer \fIm\fP) to specify that the field width
679 .\"O is given in the next argument, or in the \fIm\fP-th argument, respectively,
680 .\"O which must be of type
682 10¿Ê¿ô¤Îʸ»úÎó¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë "*" ¤ä "*m$" (\fIm\fP ¤Ï 10¿ÊÀ°¿ô) ¤ò½ñ¤¯¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤¤ë¡£
683 "*" ¤È "*m$" ¤Ï¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¡¢¼¡¤Î°ú¤¿ô¤È \fIm\fP ÈÖÌܤΰú¤¿ô¤ò¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥ÉÉý¤È¤·¤Æ
684 »È¤¦¤³¤È¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë (¤³¤ì¤é¤Î°ú¤¿ô¤Ï
686 ·¿¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤)¡£
687 .\"O A negative field width is taken as a \(aq\-\(aq flag followed by a
688 .\"O positive field width.
689 ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥ÉÉý¤ËÉé¤Î¿ô¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢
690 \(aq\-\(aq ¥Õ¥é¥°¤ÈÀµ¤Î¿ô¤Î¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥ÉÉý¤È¤·¤Æ°·¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
691 .\"O In no case does a nonexistent or small field width cause truncation of a
692 .\"O field; if the result of a conversion is wider than the field width, the
693 .\"O field is expanded to contain the conversion result.
694 ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥ÉÉý¤¬¾®¤µ¤«¤Ã¤¿¤ê»ØÄ꤬¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤ê¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤¬ÀÚ¤êµÍ¤á¤é¤ì¤ë
695 ¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£¤â¤·ÊÑ´¹·ë²Ì¤¬¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥ÉÉý¤è¤ê¤â¹¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢
696 ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤ÏÊÑ´¹·ë²Ì¤¬Æþ¤ëÉý¤Ë¹¤²¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
697 .\"O .SS "The precision"
699 .\"O An optional precision, in the form of a period (\(aq.\(aq) followed by an
700 .\"O optional decimal digit string.
701 ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤¢¤ëÀºÅ٤ϡ¢¥Ô¥ê¥ª¥É (\(aq.\(aq) ¤È¤½¤ì¤Ë³¤¯10¿Ê¿ô¤È¤¤¤¦
702 ·Á¼°¤Ç»ØÄꤹ¤ë (10¿Ê¿ô¤Ï¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó) ¡£
703 .\"O Instead of a decimal digit string one may write "*" or "*m$"
704 .\"O (for some decimal integer m) to specify that the precision
705 .\"O is given in the next argument, or in the m-th argument, respectively,
706 .\"O which must be of type
708 10¿Ê¿ô¤Îʸ»úÎó¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë "*" ¤ä "*m$" (m ¤Ï 10 ¿ÊÀ°¿ô)¤ò½ñ¤¯¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤¤ë¡£
709 "*" ¤È "*m$" ¤Ï¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¡¢¼¡¤Î°ú¤¿ô¤È m ÈÖÌܤΰú¤¿ô¤òÀºÅ٤Ȥ·¤Æ
710 »È¤¦¤³¤È¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë (¤³¤ì¤é¤Î°ú¤¿ô¤Ï
712 ·¿¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤)¡£
713 .\"O If the precision is given as just \(aq.\(aq, or the precision is negative,
714 .\"O the precision is taken to be zero.
715 ÀºÅ٤Ȥ·¤Æ \(aq.\(aq ¤À¤±¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¤ê¡¢ÀºÅÙ¤¬Éé¤Î¿ô¤À¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢
716 ÀºÅ٤ϥ¼¥í¤È¤ß¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
717 .\"O This gives the minimum number of digits to appear for
725 .\"O conversions, the number of digits to appear after the radix character for
733 .\"O conversions, the maximum number of significant digits for
737 .\"O conversions, or the maximum number of characters to be printed from a
749 ÊÑ´¹¤Ç¤Ï¡¢É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ëºÇ¾®¤Î·å¿ô¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¡£
756 ÊÑ´¹¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¾®¿ôÅÀ°Ê²¼¤Ëɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¿ô»ú¤Î·å¿ô¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¡£
760 ÊÑ´¹¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Í¸ú¿ô»ú¤ÎºÇÂç·å¿ô¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¡£
764 ÊÑ´¹¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Ê¸»úÎ󤫤é½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤ëºÇÂçʸ»ú¿ô¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¡£
765 .\"O .SS "The length modifier"
767 .\"O Here, "integer conversion" stands for
786 .\"O A following integer conversion corresponds to a
789 .\"O .I unsigned char
790 .\"O argument, or a following
792 .\"O conversion corresponds to a pointer to a
795 À°¿ôÊÑ´¹¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë°ú¤¿ô¤¬
801 ÊÑ´¹¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë°ú¤¿ô¤¬
803 ¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¼¨¤¹¡£
806 .\"O A following integer conversion corresponds to a
809 .\"O .I unsigned short int
810 .\"O argument, or a following
812 .\"O conversion corresponds to a pointer to a
815 À°¿ôÊÑ´¹¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë°ú¤¿ô¤¬
818 .I unsigned short int
821 ÊÑ´¹¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë°ú¤¿ô¤¬
823 ¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¼¨¤¹¡£
826 .\"O (ell) A following integer conversion corresponds to a
829 .\"O .I unsigned long int
830 .\"O argument, or a following
832 .\"O conversion corresponds to a pointer to a
833 .\"O .I long long int
834 .\"O argument, or a following
836 .\"O conversion corresponds to a
838 .\"O argument, or a following
840 .\"O conversion corresponds to a pointer to
844 ³ÆÊÑ´¹¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë°ú¤¿ô¤¬¡¢
847 .IR "unsigned long int" ¡¢
858 ¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¼¨¤¹¡£
863 .\"O A following integer conversion corresponds to a
864 .\"O .I long long int
866 .\"O .I unsigned long long int
867 .\"O argument, or a following
869 .\"O conversion corresponds to a pointer to a
873 À°¿ôÊÑ´¹¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë°ú¤¿ô¤¬
876 .I unsigned long long int
879 ÊÑ´¹¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë°ú¤¿ô¤¬
881 ¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¼¨¤¹¡£
894 .\"O conversion corresponds to a
905 ÊÑ´¹¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë°ú¤¿ô¤¬
908 .\"O (C99 allows %LF, but SUSv2 does not.)
909 (C99 ¤Ç¤Ï %LF ¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤òǧ¤á¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢SUSv2 ¤Ç¤Ïǧ¤á¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£)
912 .\"O ("quad". 4.4BSD and Linux libc5 only.
914 .\"O This is a synonym for
916 ("quad"¡£ 4.4BSD ¤È Linux libc5 ¤Î¤ß͸ú¡£»È¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£)
921 .\"O A following integer conversion corresponds to an
926 À°¿ôÊÑ´¹¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë°ú¤¿ô¤¬
933 .\"O A following integer conversion corresponds to a
938 .\"O (Linux libc5 has
940 .\"O with this meaning.
942 À°¿ôÊÑ´¹¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë°ú¤¿ô¤¬
947 (Linux libc5 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤³¤ì¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤Î¤Ë
949 ¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¡£»È¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£)
952 .\"O A following integer conversion corresponds to a
955 À°¿ôÊÑ´¹¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë°ú¤¿ô¤¬
959 .\"O The SUSv2 only knows about the length modifiers
987 SUSv2 ¤ÇŤµ½¤¾þ»Ò¤È¤·¤Æ»ÈÍѤǤ¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢
1011 .\"O .SS "The conversion specifier"
1013 .\"O A character that specifies the type of conversion to be applied.
1014 ŬÍѤµ¤ì¤ëÊÑ´¹¤Î·¿¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ëʸ»ú¡£
1016 .\"O The conversion specifiers and their meanings are:
1017 ÊÑ´¹»ØÄê»Ò¤È¤½¤Î°ÕÌ£¤Ï°Ê²¼¤ÎÄ̤ê¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
1022 .\"O argument is converted to signed decimal notation.
1024 °ú¤¿ô¤òÉä¹æÉÕ¤ 10 ¿Êɽµ¤ËÊÑ´¹¤¹¤ë¡£
1025 .\"O The precision, if any, gives the minimum number of digits
1026 .\"O that must appear; if the converted value requires fewer digits, it is
1027 .\"O padded on the left with zeros.
1028 .\"O The default precision is 1.
1029 ÀºÅÙ»ØÄ꤬¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢ÀºÅ٤ǻØÄꤷ¤¿·å¿ô¤Ïɬ¤º½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤ë¡£ÊÑ´¹¸å¤ÎÃͤ¬
1030 »ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿·å¿ô¤Ë¤ê¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢º¸Â¦¤¬ 0 ¤ÇËä¤á¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
1031 ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÎÀºÅÙ¤Ï 1 ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
1032 .\"O When 0 is printed with an explicit precision 0, the output is empty.
1033 0 ¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤¿»þ¤Ë¡¢ÌÀ¼¨Åª¤ËÀºÅ٤Ȥ·¤Æ 0 ¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¡¢
1034 ½ÐÎϤ϶õʸ»úÎó¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£
1036 .BR o ", " u ", " x ", " X
1038 .\"O .I "unsigned int"
1039 .\"O argument is converted to unsigned octal
1041 .\"O unsigned decimal
1043 .\"O or unsigned hexadecimal
1063 .\"O conversions; the letters
1076 .\"O The precision, if any, gives the minimum number of digits
1077 .\"O that must appear; if the converted value requires fewer digits, it is
1078 .\"O padded on the left with zeros.
1079 ÀºÅÙ»ØÄ꤬¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢ÀºÅ٤ǻØÄꤷ¤¿·å¿ô¤Ïɬ¤º½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤ë¡£ÊÑ´¹¸å¤ÎÃͤ¬
1080 »ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿·å¿ô¤Ë¤ê¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢º¸Â¦¤¬ 0 ¤ÇËä¤á¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
1085 .\"O argument is rounded and converted in the style
1086 .\"O .if \w'\*(Pm'=0 .ds Pm \(+-
1087 .\"O .RB [\-]d \&. ddd e \\*(Pmdd
1088 .\"O where there is one digit before the decimal-point character and the number
1089 .\"O of digits after it is equal to the precision; if the precision is missing,
1090 .\"O it is taken as 6; if the precision is zero, no decimal-point character
1095 .if \w'\*(Pm'=0 .ds Pm \(+-
1096 .RB [\-]d \&. ddd e \\*(Pmdd
1098 ¾®¿ôÅÀ¤ÎÁ°¤Ë¤Ï°ì·å¤Î¿ô»ú¤¬¤¢¤ê¡¢¾®¿ôÅÀ°Ê²¼¤Î·å¿ô¤ÏÀºÅ٤ǻØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿
1099 ·å¿ô¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£ÀºÅ٤ϻØÄꤵ¤ì¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç 6 ¤È¤ß¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
1100 ÀºÅÙ¤¬ 0 ¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¾®¿ôÅÀ°Ê²¼¤Ïɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
1102 .\"O conversion uses the letter
1106 .\"O to introduce the exponent.
1108 ÊÑ´¹¤Ç¤Ï¡¢»Ø¿ô¤òɽ¸½¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤Ë
1113 .\"O The exponent always contains at least two
1114 .\"O digits; if the value is zero, the exponent is 00.
1115 »Ø¿ôÉôʬ¤Ï¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â 2·åɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
1116 ¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢»Ø¿ô¤ÎÃͤ¬ 0 ¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢00 ¤Èɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
1121 .\"O argument is rounded and converted to decimal notation in the style
1122 .\"O .RB [\-]ddd \&. ddd,
1123 .\"O where the number of digits after the decimal-point character is equal to
1124 .\"O the precision specification.
1128 ¤Î·Á¤Î10¿Êɽ¸½¤ËÊÑ´¹¤¹¤ë¡£
1129 ¾®¿ôÅÀ¤Î¸å¤Î·å¿ô¤Ï¡¢ÀºÅ٤ǻØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿ÃͤȤʤ롣
1130 .\"O If the precision is missing, it is taken as
1131 .\"O 6; if the precision is explicitly zero, no decimal-point character appears.
1132 ÀºÅÙ¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï 6 ¤È¤·¤Æ°·¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
1133 ÀºÅ٤Ȥ·¤ÆÌÀ¼¨Åª¤Ë 0 ¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¤È¤¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¾®¿ôÅÀ°Ê²¼¤Ïɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
1134 .\"O If a decimal point appears, at least one digit appears before it.
1135 ¾®¿ôÅÀ¤òɽ¼¨¤¹¤ëºÝ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¾®¿ôÅÀ¤ÎÁ°¤Ë¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â°ì·å¤Ï¿ô»ú¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
1137 .\"O (The SUSv2 does not know about
1139 .\"O and says that character string representations for infinity and NaN
1140 .\"O may be made available.
1141 .\"O The C99 standard specifies "[\-]inf" or "[\-]infinity"
1142 .\"O for infinity, and a string starting with "nan" for NaN, in the case of
1144 .\"O conversion, and "[\-]INF" or "[\-]INFINITY" or "NAN*" in the case of
1149 ¤Ïµ¬Äꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤é¤º¡¢Ìµ¸Â¤ä NaN ¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëʸ»úÎóɽ¸½¤ò
1150 ¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
1153 ÊÑ´¹¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Ìµ¸Â¤Ï "[\-]inf" ¤« "[\-]infinity" ¤Èɽ¼¨¤·¡¢
1154 NaN ¤Ïʸ»úÎó¤ÎÀèƬ¤Ë `nan' ¤ò¤Ä¤±¤Æɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ëµ¬Äꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
1156 ÊÑ´¹¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï "[\-]INF", "[\-]INFINITY", "NAN*" ¤Èɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£)
1161 .\"O argument is converted in style
1183 .\"O The precision specifies the number of significant digits.
1184 ÀºÅÙ¤Ïɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë·å¿ô¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¡£
1185 .\"O If the precision is missing, 6 digits are given; if the precision is zero,
1186 .\"O it is treated as 1.
1187 ÀºÅÙ¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢6·å¤È¤ß¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
1188 ÀºÅÙ¤¬ 0 ¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢1·å¤È¤ß¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
1191 .\"O is used if the exponent from its conversion is less than \-4 or greater
1192 .\"O than or equal to the precision.
1193 ÊÑ´¹¤µ¤ì¤ëÃͤλؿô¤¬¡¢ \-4 ¤è¤ê¾®¤µ¤¤¤«¡¢ÀºÅٰʾå¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¡¢
1196 .\"O Trailing zeros are removed from the
1197 .\"O fractional part of the result; a decimal point appears only if it is
1198 .\"O followed by at least one digit.
1199 ÊÑ´¹¤µ¤ì¤¿·ë²Ì¤Î¾®¿ôÉôʬ¤ÎËöÈø¤Î 0 ¤Ïºï½ü¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£¾®¿ôÅÀ¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢
1200 ¾®¿ôÅÀ°Ê²¼¤Ë¿ô»ú¤¬¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â°ì¤Ä¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
1203 .\"O (C99; not in SUSv2) For
1205 .\"O conversion, the
1207 .\"O argument is converted to hexadecimal notation (using the letters abcdef)
1209 .\"O .RB [\-] 0x h \&. hhhh p \\*(Pmd;
1212 .\"O conversion the prefix
1214 .\"O the letters ABCDEF, and the exponent separator
1217 (C99 ¤Ë¤Ï¤¢¤ë¤¬ SUSv2 ¤Ë¤Ï¤Ê¤¤)
1221 °ú¤¿ô¤ò (abcdef ¤Îʸ»ú¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ)
1222 .RB [\-] 0x h \&. hhhh p \\*(Pmd;
1223 ·Á¼°¤Î 16 ¿Êɽµ¤ËÊÑ´¹¤¹¤ë¡£
1225 ÊÑ´¹¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Á°ÃÖʸ»úÎó
1227 ʸ»ú ABCDEF, »Ø¿ôʸ»ú
1230 .\"O There is one hexadecimal digit before the decimal point,
1231 .\"O and the number of digits after it is equal to the precision.
1232 ¾®¿ôÅÀ¤ÎÁ°¤Ë¤Ï 1·å¤Î16¿Ê¿ô¤¬ÃÖ¤«¤ì¡¢¾®¿ôÅÀ¤Î¸å¤í¤Î·å¿ô¤Ï
1233 ÀºÅ٤ǻØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿ÃͤȤʤ롣
1234 .\"O The default precision suffices for an exact representation of the value
1235 .\"O if an exact representation in base 2 exists
1236 .\"O and otherwise is sufficiently large to distinguish values of type
1238 ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÎÀºÅ٤ϡ¢¤½¤ÎÃͤ¬ 2¿Ê¿ô¤ÇÀµ³Î¤Ëɽ¸½¤Ç¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
1239 ¤½¤ÎÃͤòÀµ³Î¤Ëɽ¸½¤Ç¤¤ë·å¿ô¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£¤½¤ì°Ê³°¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢
1241 ·¿¤ÎÃͤò¶èÊ̤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë½½Ê¬¤ÊÂ礤µ¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£
1242 .\"O The digit before the decimal point is unspecified for nonnormalized
1243 .\"O numbers, and nonzero but otherwise unspecified for normalized numbers.
1244 .\" motoki 2005/03/19: ¹ç¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤Ê¡©
1245 ¾®¿ôÅÀ¤ÎÁ°¤Î¿ô»ú¤Ï¡¢Àµµ¬²½¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¿ô¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤«Ê¬¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
1246 Àµµ¬²½¤µ¤ì¤¿¿ô¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢ 0 °Ê³°¤ÎÃͤˤʤ뤬¡¢¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤«¤Ïʬ¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
1251 .\"O modifier is present, the
1253 .\"O argument is converted to an
1254 .\"O .IR "unsigned char" ,
1255 .\"O and the resulting character is written.
1261 ¤ËÊÑ´¹¤·¤Æ¡¢¤½¤Î·ë²Ì¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ëʸ»ú¤ò½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¡£
1264 .\"O modifier is present, the
1266 .\"O (wide character) argument is converted to a multibyte sequence by a call
1268 .\"O .BR wcrtomb (3)
1269 .\"O function, with a conversion state starting in the initial state, and the
1270 .\"O resulting multibyte string is written.
1274 (¥ï¥¤¥Éʸ»ú) °ú¤¿ô¤ò¡¢
1276 ´Ø¿ô¤ò½é´ü¥·¥Õ¥È¾õÂ֤ǸƤӽФ·¤Æ¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Ð¥¤¥Èʸ»úÎó¤ËÊÑ´¹¤·¡¢
1277 ÊÑ´¹¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Ð¥¤¥Èʸ»úÎó¤ò½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¡£
1282 .\"O modifier is present: The
1283 .\"O .I "const char *"
1284 .\"O argument is expected to be a pointer to an array of character type (pointer
1286 .\"O Characters from the array are written up to (but not
1287 .\"O including) a terminating null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq);
1288 .\"O if a precision is specified, no more than the number specified
1290 .\"O If a precision is given, no null byte need be present;
1291 .\"O if the precision is not specified, or is greater than the size of the
1292 .\"O array, the array must contain a terminating null byte.
1297 ·¿¤Çʸ»ú·¿¤ÎÇÛÎó¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿ (ʸ»úÎó¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿) ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤¬
1298 ´üÂÔ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£ÇÛÎóÃæ¤Îʸ»ú¤Ï¡¢½ªÃ¼¤Î NULL ¥Ð¥¤¥È (\(aq\\0\(aq)
1299 ¤¬½Ð¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤Þ¤Ç½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤ë (½ªÃ¼Ê¸»ú¤Ï½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤Ê¤¤)¡£
1300 ÀºÅÙ¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¡¢»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿»ú¿ô°Ê¾å¤Ï½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
1301 ÀºÅÙ¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢½ªÃ¼¥Ð¥¤¥È¤¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ëɬÍפϤʤ¤¡£
1302 ÀºÅÙ¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤ê¡¢ÀºÅÙ¤ÎÃͤ¬ÇÛÎó¤ÎÂ礤µ¤è¤êÂ礤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
1303 ÇÛÎó¤Ï½ªÃ¼¤Î NULL ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤ò´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
1307 .\"O modifier is present: The
1308 .\"O .I "const wchar_t *"
1309 .\"O argument is expected to be a pointer to an array of wide characters.
1311 ½¤¾þ»Ò¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢
1313 .I "const wchar_t *"
1314 ·¿¤Ç¥ï¥¤¥Éʸ»ú¤ÎÇÛÎó¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤¬´üÂÔ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
1315 .\"O Wide characters from the array are converted to multibyte characters
1316 .\"O (each by a call to the
1317 .\"O .BR wcrtomb (3)
1318 .\"O function, with a conversion state starting in the initial state before
1319 .\"O the first wide character), up to and including a terminating null
1320 .\"O wide character.
1321 .\"O The resulting multibyte characters are written up to
1322 .\"O (but not including) the terminating null byte.
1323 .\"O If a precision is
1324 .\"O specified, no more bytes than the number specified are written, but
1325 .\"O no partial multibyte characters are written.
1326 .\"O Note that the precision
1327 .\"O determines the number of
1329 .\"O written, not the number of
1330 .\"O .I wide characters
1332 .\"O .IR "screen positions" .
1333 ÇÛÎóÃæ¤Î¥ï¥¤¥Éʸ»ú¤Ï (1ʸ»úËè¤Ë
1335 ¤ò¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤Æ) ¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Ð¥¤¥Èʸ»ú¤ËÊÑ´¹¤µ¤ì¤ë
1336 (ºÇ½é¤Î¥ï¥¤¥Éʸ»ú¤ÎÊÑ´¹¤ÎÁ°¤Ë
1338 ¤Î¥·¥Õ¥È¾õÂÖ¤ò½é´ü¾õÂÖ¤ËÌᤷ¤Æ¤«¤éÊÑ´¹¤Ï¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë)¡£
1339 ¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Ð¥¤¥Èʸ»ú¤Ø¤ÎÊÑ´¹¤Ï¡¢Ê¸»úÎó¤ò½ªÃ¼¤¹¤ë NULL ¥ï¥¤¥Éʸ»ú¤¬
1340 ½Ð¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤Þ¤Ç¹Ô¤ï¤ì¡¢½ªÃ¼ NULL ¥ï¥¤¥Éʸ»ú¤â´Þ¤á¤ÆÊÑ´¹¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
1341 ·ë²Ì¤Î¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Ð¥¤¥Èʸ»úÎó¤Ï¡¢½ªÃ¼¤Î NULL ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤¬½Ð¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤Þ¤Ç
1342 ½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤ë (½ªÃ¼¤Î NULL ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Ï½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤Ê¤¤)¡£
1343 ÀºÅÙ¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥Ð¥¤¥È¿ô°Ê¾å¤Ë¤Ï½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
1344 ⤷¡¢¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Ð¥¤¥Èʸ»ú¤Î°ìÉôʬ¤À¤±¤¬½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£
1345 ÀºÅ٤ϡ֥Х¤¥È¡×¿ô¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢¡Ö¥ï¥¤¥Éʸ»ú¡×¿ô¤ä
1346 ¡Ö²èÌ̤ǤΰÌÃ֡פò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¡£
1347 .\"O The array must contain a terminating null wide character, unless a
1348 .\"O precision is given and it is so small that the number of bytes written
1349 .\"O exceeds it before the end of the array is reached.
1350 ÀºÅÙ¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¡¢¤µ¤é¤Ë½ÐÎϤ¬ÇÛÎó¤ÎËöÈø¤Ë㤹¤ëÁ°¤Ë½ÐÎϥХ¤¥È¿ô¤¬
1351 ÀºÅÙ¤ÎÃͤòĶ¤¨¤ë¾ì¹ç¤À¤±¤Ï¡¢ÇÛÎó¤Ï NULL ¥ï¥¤¥Éʸ»ú¤Ç½ªÃ¼¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤¡£
1352 ¤½¤ì°Ê³°¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢É¬¤ºÇÛÎó¤Ï NULL ¥ï¥¤¥Éʸ»ú¤Ç½ªÃ¼¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
1355 .\"O (Not in C99, but in SUSv2.)
1359 (C99 ¤Ë¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤¬ SUSv2 ¤Ë¤Ï¤¢¤ë)
1361 ¤ÈƱ¤¸¡£»È¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
1364 .\"O (Not in C99, but in SUSv2.)
1368 (C99 ¤Ë¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤¬ SUSv2 ¤Ë¤Ï¤¢¤ë)
1370 ¤ÈƱ¤¸¡£»È¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
1375 .\"O pointer argument is printed in hexadecimal (as if by
1384 ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê) 16 ¿Ê¿ô¤Ç½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¡£
1387 .\"O The number of characters written so far is stored into the integer
1388 .\"O indicated by the
1390 .\"O (or variant) pointer argument.
1391 .\"O No argument is converted.
1392 ¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤Ë½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤¿Ê¸»ú¿ô¤ò
1394 (¤Þ¤¿¤ÏÎà»÷¤Î·¿) ¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿°ú¤¿ô¤¬»Ø¤¹À°¿ô¤ËÊݸ¤¹¤ë¡£
1395 °ú¤¿ô¤ÎÊÑ´¹¤Ï¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
1398 .\"O (Glibc extension.)
1399 .\"O Print output of
1400 .\"O .IR strerror(errno) .
1401 .\"O No argument is required.
1404 ¤Î½ÐÎϤòɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¡£°ú¤¿ô¤ÏɬÍפʤ¤¡£
1407 .\"O A \(aq%\(aq is written.
1408 .\"O No argument is converted.
1409 .\"O The complete conversion
1410 .\"O specification is \(aq%%\(aq.
1411 \(aq%\(aq ʸ»ú¤ò½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¡£ÊÑ´¹¤µ¤ì¤ë°ú¤¿ô¤Ï̵¤¤¡£
1412 ÊÑ´¹»ØÄêÁ´ÂΤò½ñ¤¯¤È "%%" ¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£
1413 .\"O .SH "CONFORMING TO"
1416 .\"O .BR fprintf (),
1418 .\"O .BR sprintf (),
1419 .\"O .BR vprintf (),
1420 .\"O .BR vfprintf (),
1422 .\"O .BR vsprintf ()
1423 .\"O functions conform to C89 and C99.
1430 ´Ø¿ô¤Ï¡¢C89 ¤È C99 ¤Ë½àµò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
1432 .\"O .BR snprintf ()
1434 .\"O .BR vsnprintf ()
1435 .\"O functions conform to C99.
1439 ¤Ï C99 ¤Ë½àµò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
1441 .\"O Concerning the return value of
1442 .\"O .BR snprintf (),
1443 .\"O SUSv2 and C99 standard contradict each other: when
1444 .\"O .BR snprintf ()
1447 .\"O then SUSv2 stipulates an unspecified return value less than 1,
1448 .\"O while C99 allows
1450 .\"O to be NULL in this case, and gives the return value (as always)
1451 .\"O as the number of characters that would have been written in case
1452 .\"O the output string has been large enough.
1455 SUSv2 ¤È C99 ɸ½à¤Ï¸ß¤¤¤ËÌ·½â¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
1460 ¤Ç¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤µ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢ 1 ̤Ëþ¤ÎÃͤò²¿¤«ÊÖ¤êÃͤȤ¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ëµ¬Äꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
1461 °ìÊý C99 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ì¹ç
1463 ¤ò NULL ¤È¤·¡¢ÊÖ¤êÃͤȤ·¤Æ (Ä̾ïÄ̤ê) ½ÐÎϥХåե¡¤¬½½Ê¬¤ÊÂ礤µ¤¬
1464 ¤¢¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤ë¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦Ê¸»ú¿ô¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
1466 .\"O Linux libc4 knows about the five C standard flags.
1467 .\"O It knows about the length modifiers \fBh\fP, \fBl\fP, \fBL\fP,
1468 .\"O and the conversions
1469 .\"O \fBc\fP, \fBd\fP, \fBe\fP, \fBE\fP, \fBf\fP, \fBF\fP,
1470 .\"O \fBg\fP, \fBG\fP, \fBi\fP, \fBn\fP, \fBo\fP, \fBp\fP,
1471 .\"O \fBs\fP, \fBu\fP, \fBx\fP, and \fBX\fP,
1472 .\"O where \fBF\fP is a synonym for \fBf\fP.
1473 Linux libc4 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ 5 ¤Ä¤Î C ɸ½à¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¡¢
1474 Ťµ½¤¾þ»Ò \fBh\fP, \fBl\fP, \fBL\fP¡¢ÊÑ´¹
1475 \fBc\fP, \fBd\fP, \fBe\fP, \fBE\fP, \fBf\fP, \fBF\fP,
1476 \fBg\fP, \fBG\fP, \fBi\fP, \fBn\fP, \fBo\fP, \fBp\fP,
1477 \fBs\fP, \fBu\fP, \fBx\fP, \fBX\fP
1479 ⤷ \fBF\fP ¤Ï \fBf\fP ¤ÈƱµÁ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
1480 .\"O Additionally, it accepts \fBD\fP, \fBO\fP, and \fBU\fP as synonyms
1481 .\"O for \fBld\fP, \fBlo\fP, and \fBlu\fP.
1482 .\"O (This is bad, and caused serious bugs later, when
1483 .\"O support for \fB%D\fP disappeared.)
1484 .\"O No locale-dependent radix character,
1485 .\"O no thousands' separator, no NaN or infinity, no "%m$" and "*m$".
1486 ¤Þ¤¿¡¢ \fBD\fP, \fBO\fP, and \fBU\fP ¤ò \fBld\fP, \fBlo\fP, and \fBlu\fP
1487 ¤ÈƱ¤¸¤â¤Î¤È¤·¤Æ»È¤¨¤ë
1488 (¤³¤ì¤Ï¤Þ¤º¤¤»ÅÍͤǡ¢ ¸å¤Ë \fB%D\fP ¤ÎÂбþ¤¬ÂǤÁÀÚ¤é¤ì¤¿»þ¤Ë¿¼¹ï¤Ê¥Ð¥°¤ò
1489 °ú¤µ¯¤³¤·¤¿)¡£¥í¥±¡¼¥ë°Í¸¤Î¾®¿ôÅÀ¡¢1000 ¶èÀڤꡢ NaN ¤È̵¸Â¡¢
1490 "%m$" ¤È "*m$" ¤Ï»È¤¨¤Ê¤¤¡£
1492 .\"O Linux libc5 knows about the five C standard flags and the \(aq flag,
1493 .\"O locale, "%m$" and "*m$".
1494 .\"O It knows about the length modifiers \fBh\fP, \fBl\fP, \fBL\fP,
1495 .\"O \fBZ\fP, and \fBq\fP, but accepts \fBL\fP and \fBq\fP
1496 .\"O both for \fIlong double\fP and for \fIlong long int\fP (this is a bug).
1497 Linux libc5 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ 5 ¤Ä¤Î C ɸ½à¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤È \(aq ¥Õ¥é¥°¡¢¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¡¢
1498 "%m$" ¤È "*m$" ¤¬»È¤¨¤ë¡£
1499 ¤Þ¤¿¡¢Ä¹¤µ½¤¾þ»Ò \fBh\fP, \fBl\fP, \fBL\fP, \fBZ\fP, iand \fBq\fP ¤¬»È¤¨¤ë¤¬¡¢
1500 \fBL\fP ¤È \fBq\fP ¤ÏξÊý¤È¤â
1501 \fIlong double\fP ¤È \fIlong long int\fP ¤ËÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë (¤³¤ì¤Ï¥Ð¥°¤Ç¤¢¤ë)¡£
1502 .\"O It no longer recognizes \fBF\fP, \fBD\fP, \fBO\fP, and \fBU\fP,
1503 .\"O but adds the conversion character
1506 .\"O .IR strerror(errno) .
1507 ¸½ºß¤Ç¤ÏÊÑ´¹ \fBF\fP, \fBD\fP, \fBO\fP, \fBU\fP ¤Ïǧ¼±¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢ÊÑ´¹Ê¸»ú
1509 ¤¬Äɲ䵤줿¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï
1511 ¤ò½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
1513 .\"O glibc 2.0 adds conversion characters \fBC\fP and \fBS\fP.
1514 glibc 2.0 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ÊÑ´¹Ê¸»ú \fBC\fP ¤È \fBS\fP ¤¬Äɲ䵤줿¡£
1516 .\"O glibc 2.1 adds length modifiers \fBhh\fP, \fBj\fP, \fBt\fP, and \fBz\fP
1517 .\"O and conversion characters \fBa\fP and \fBA\fP.
1518 glibc 2.1 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Ä¹¤µ½¤¾þ»Ò \fBhh\fP, \fBj\fP, \fBt\fP, \fBz\fP
1519 ¤ÈÊÑ´¹Ê¸»ú \fBa\fP, \fBA\fP ¤¬Äɲ䵤줿¡£
1521 .\"O glibc 2.2 adds the conversion character \fBF\fP with C99 semantics,
1522 .\"O and the flag character \fBI\fP.
1523 glibc 2.2 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ C99 ¤Çµ¬Äꤵ¤ì¤¿°ÕÌ£¤Ç¤ÎÊÑ´¹Ê¸»ú \fBF\fP ¤È
1524 ¥Õ¥é¥°Ê¸»ú \fBI\fP ¤¬Äɲ䵤줿¡£
1527 .\"O Some programs imprudently rely on code such as the following
1529 .\"O sprintf(buf, "%s some further text", buf);
1531 .\"O to append text to
1535 ¤ËÄɲ乤ë¤Î¤Ë¡¢·ÚΨ¤Ë¤â¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥³¡¼¥É¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
1537 sprintf(buf, "%s some further text", buf);
1539 .\"O However, the standards explicitly note that the results are undefined
1540 .\"O if source and destination buffers overlap when calling
1541 .\"O .BR sprintf (),
1542 .\"O .BR snprintf (),
1543 .\"O .BR vsprintf (),
1545 .\"O .BR vsnprintf ().
1546 ¤·¤«¤·¤Ê¤¬¤é¡¢É¸½àµ¬³Ê¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
1551 ¤Î¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¢¥³¥Ô¡¼¸µ¤È¥³¥Ô¡¼Àè¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤¬½Å¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Î
1552 ·ë²Ì¤ÏÉÔÄê¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡¢¤ÈÌÀµ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
1553 .\" http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=7075
1554 .\"O Depending on the version of
1556 .\"O used, and the compiler options employed, calls such as the above will
1558 .\"O produce the expected results.
1561 ¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ä»ØÄꤷ¤¿¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥é¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¼¡Âè¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
1562 ¾åµ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤Ç¡¢´üÂÔ¤·¤¿·ë²Ì¤¬ÆÀ¤é¤ì¡Ö¤Ê¤¤¡×¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
1564 .\"O The glibc implementation of the functions
1565 .\"O .BR snprintf ()
1567 .\"O .BR vsnprintf ()
1568 .\"O conforms to the C99 standard, that is, behaves as described above,
1569 .\"O since glibc version 2.1.
1570 .\"O Until glibc 2.0.6 they would return \-1
1571 .\"O when the output was truncated.
1576 ¤Î¼ÂÁõ¤Ï¡¢¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó 2.1 °Ê¹ß¤Ï C99 ɸ½à¤Ë½àµò¤·¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢
1577 ¾åµ¤ÎÄ̤ê¤ÎÆ°ºî¤ò¤¹¤ë¡£
1578 glibc 2.0.6 ¤Þ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢½ÐÎϤ¬ÀÚ¤êµÍ¤á¤é¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï \-1 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
1579 .\"O .\" .SH HISTORY
1581 .\"O .\" Unix V7 defines the three routines
1582 .\"O .\" .BR printf (),
1583 .\"O .\" .BR fprintf (),
1584 .\"O .\" .BR sprintf (),
1585 .\"O .\" and has the flag \-, the width or precision *, the length modifier l,
1586 .\"O .\" and the conversions doxfegcsu, and also D,O,U,X as synonyms for ld,lo,lu,lx.
1591 .\" ¤Î 3 ¤Ä¤Î´Ø¿ô¤È¡¢¥Õ¥é¥° \-¡¢Éý¤ÈÀºÅ٤ǤΠ*¡¢Ä¹¤µ½¤¾þ»Ò l¡¢
1592 .\" ÊÑ´¹ doxfegcsu¡¢¤½¤·¤Æ ld,ld,lu,lx ¤ÎƱµÁ¸ì¤È¤·¤Æ D,O,U,X ¤¬ÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
1593 .\"O .\" This is still true for 2.9.1BSD, but 2.10BSD has the flags
1594 .\"O .\" #, + and <space> and no longer mentions D,O,U,X.
1595 .\" 2.9.1BSD ¤Ç¤â¤³¤ì¤ÏƱ¤¸¤À¤Ã¤¿¤¬¡¢ 2.10BSD ¤Ç¤Ï
1596 .\" ¥Õ¥é¥° #, +, ¶õÇò¤¬Äɲ䵤졢 D,O,U,X ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÏµºÜ¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¡£
1597 .\"O .\" 2.11BSD has
1598 .\"O .\" .BR vprintf (),
1599 .\"O .\" .BR vfprintf (),
1600 .\"O .\" .BR vsprintf (),
1601 .\"O .\" and warns not to use D,O,U,X.
1604 .\" .BR vfprintf (),
1606 .\" ¤¬Äɲ䵤졢 D,O,U,X ¤ò»È¤ï¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë·Ù¹ð¤µ¤ì¤¿¡£
1607 .\"O .\" 4.3BSD Reno has the flag 0, the length modifiers h and L,
1608 .\"O .\" and the conversions n, p, E, G, X (with current meaning)
1609 .\"O .\" and deprecates D,O,U.
1610 .\" 4.3BSD Reno ¤Ç¤Ï¥Õ¥é¥° 0¡¢Ä¹¤µ½¤¾þ»Ò h ¤È L¡¢
1611 .\" ÊÑ´¹ n, p, E, G, (¸½ºß¤Î°ÕÌ£¤Ç¤Î) X ¤¬Äɲ䵤졢
1612 .\" D,O,U ¤ÏÈó¿ä¾©°·¤¤¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¡£
1613 .\"O .\" 4.4BSD introduces the functions
1614 .\"O .\" .BR snprintf ()
1616 .\"O .\" .BR vsnprintf (),
1617 .\"O .\" and the length modifier q.
1618 .\" 4.4BSD ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢´Ø¿ô
1619 .\" .BR snprintf ()¤È
1620 .\" .BR vsnprintf ()¡¢
1621 .\" Ťµ½¤¾þ»Ò q ¤¬Æ³Æþ¤µ¤ì¤¿¡£
1622 .\"O .\" FreeBSD also has functions
1623 .\"O .\" .BR asprintf ()
1625 .\"O .\" .BR vasprintf (),
1626 .\"O .\" that allocate a buffer large enough for
1627 .\"O .\" .BR sprintf ().
1630 .\" ¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë½½Ê¬¤Ê¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤ò³ÎÊݤ¹¤ë
1633 .\" .BR vasprintf ()
1634 .\" ¤¬Äɲ䵤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
1635 .\"O .\" In glibc there are functions
1636 .\"O .\" .BR dprintf ()
1638 .\"O .\" .BR vdprintf ()
1639 .\"O .\" that print to a file descriptor instead of a stream.
1640 .\" glibc ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢´Ø¿ô
1643 .\" ¤¬¤¢¤ê¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤Ï¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¤Ë½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¡£
1649 .\"O .BR vsprintf ()
1650 .\"O assume an arbitrarily long string, callers must be careful not to overflow
1651 .\"O the actual space; this is often impossible to assure.
1652 .\"O Note that the length
1653 .\"O of the strings produced is locale-dependent and difficult to predict.
1657 ¤Ï¾¡¼ê¤Ë½½Ê¬¤ËŤ¤Ê¸»úÎóÎΰ褬¤¢¤ë¤È²¾Äꤹ¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·Â¦¤Ï
1658 ¼ÂºÝ¤ÎÎΰ褫¤é¤¢¤Õ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
1659 ¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤³¤ì¤òÊݾڤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬ÉÔ²Äǽ¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤¬Â¿¤¤¡£
1660 À¸À®¤µ¤ì¤ëʸ»úÎó¤ÎŤµ¤Ï¥í¥±¡¼¥ë°Í¸¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢Í½Â¬¤¬Æñ¤·¤¤¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¡£
1662 .\"O .BR snprintf ()
1664 .\"O .BR vsnprintf ()
1666 .\"O .BR asprintf (3)
1668 .\"O .BR vasprintf (3)).
1679 .\"O Linux libc4.[45] does not have a
1680 .\"O .BR snprintf (),
1681 .\"O but provides a libbsd that contains an
1682 .\"O .BR snprintf ()
1684 .\"O .BR sprintf (),
1685 .\"O that is, one that ignores the
1688 Linux libc4.[45] ¤Ë¤Ï
1690 ¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢ libbsd ¤¬Ä󶡤µ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢
1698 .\"O Thus, the use of
1699 .\"O .BR snprintf ()
1700 .\"O with early libc4 leads to serious security problems.
1701 ¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¡¢½é´ü¤Î libc4 ¤Ç
1703 ¤ò»È¤¦¤È¡¢¿¼¹ï¤Ê¥»¥¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£ÌäÂê¤ò°ú¤µ¯¤³¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
1706 .\"O .BI printf( foo );
1707 .\"O often indicates a bug, since
1709 .\"O may contain a % character.
1712 .\"O comes from untrusted user input, it may contain \fB%n\fP, causing the
1714 .\"O call to write to memory and creating a security hole.
1716 ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥³¡¼¥É¤Ï¤·¤Ð¤·¤Ð¥Ð¥°¤ò°ú¤µ¯¤³¤¹¡£
1719 ¤Ë % ʸ»ú¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤«¤é¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
1721 ¤¬¿®Íê¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¤¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼ÆþÎϤ«¤éºî¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
1722 ¤½¤ÎÃæ¤Ë \fB%n\fP ¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ê¡¢
1724 ¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·»þ¤Ë¥á¥â¥ê¤Ø¤Î½ñ¤¹þ¤ß¤¬µ¯¤³¤ê¡¢
1725 ¥»¥¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¡¼¥Û¡¼¥ë¤òºî¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
1727 .\".\"O Some floating-point conversions under early libc4
1728 .\".\"O caused memory leaks.
1729 .\"½é´ü¤Î libc4 ¤Ç¤Î¼Â¿ôÊÑ´¹¤Ë¤Ï¥á¥â¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¯¤ò°ú¤µ¯¤³¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
1732 .if \w'\*(Pi'=0 .ds Pi pi
1733 .\"O To print \*(Pi to five decimal places:
1734 \*(Pi ¤ò 5 ·å¤Ç½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¡£
1740 fprintf(stdout, "pi = %.5f\en", 4 * atan(1.0));
1744 .\"O To print a date and time in the form "Sunday, July 3, 10:02",
1749 .\"O are pointers to strings:
1750 ÆüÉդȻþ´Ö¤ò "Sunday, July 3, 10:02" ¤Î·Á¼°¤Ç½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¡£
1754 ¤Ïʸ»úÎó¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤Ç¤¢¤ë)
1759 fprintf(stdout, "%s, %s %d, %.2d:%.2d\en",
1760 weekday, month, day, hour, min);
1764 .\"O Many countries use the day-month-year order.
1765 .\"O Hence, an internationalized version must be able to print
1766 .\"O the arguments in an order specified by the format:
1767 Æü - ·î - ǯ ¤Î½ç½ø¤Çɽ¼¨¤ò¹Ô¤¦¹ñ¤â¿¤¤¡£
1768 ½¾¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¹ñºÝÈǤǤϽñ¼°¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿½çÈÖ¤Ç
1769 °ú¤¿ô¤òɽ¼¨¤Ç¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
1774 fprintf(stdout, format,
1775 weekday, month, day, hour, min);
1781 .\"O depends on locale, and may permute the arguments.
1782 .\"O With the value:
1784 ¤Ï¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¤Ë°Í¸¤·¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢°ú¤¿ô¤Î½çÈÖ¤òÊѤ¨¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤¤ë¡£
1790 "%1$s, %3$d. %2$s, %4$d:%5$.2d\en"
1794 .\"O one might obtain "Sonntag, 3. Juli, 10:02".
1795 ¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢ "Sonntag, 3. Juli, 10:02" ¤È¤¤¤¦·ë²Ì¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
1797 .\"O To allocate a sufficiently large string and print into it
1798 .\"O (code correct for both glibc 2.0 and glibc 2.1):
1799 ½½Ê¬¤ËÂ礤Êʸ»úÎóÎΰè¤ò³ÎÊݤ·¤Æ¡¢¤½¤³¤Ë¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤ò³ÊǼ¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï
1800 (glibc 2.0 ¤È glibc 2.1 ¤ÎξÊý¤ÇÀµ¤·¤¯Æ°ºî¤¹¤ë¥³¡¼¥É):
1807 make_message(const char *fmt, ...)
1809 /* Guess we need no more than 100 bytes. */
1814 if ((p = malloc(size)) == NULL)
1818 /* Try to print in the allocated space. */
1820 n = vsnprintf(p, size, fmt, ap);
1822 /* If that worked, return the string. */
1823 if (n > \-1 && n < size)
1825 /* Else try again with more space. */
1826 if (n > \-1) /* glibc 2.1 */
1827 size = n+1; /* precisely what is needed */
1828 else /* glibc 2.0 */
1829 size *= 2; /* twice the old size */
1830 if ((np = realloc (p, size)) == NULL) {