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[linuxjm/jm.git] / manual / LDP_man-pages / draft / man3 / tempnam.3

.\" Copyright (c) 1999 Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
.\" preserved on all copies.
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
.\" permission notice identical to this one.
.\"
.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date.  The author(s) assume no
.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
.\" the use of the information contained herein.  The author(s) may not
.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
.\" professionally.
.\"
.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997-2000 Kazuyuki Tanisako and NAKANO Takeo
.\"         all rights reserved.
.\" Translated 1997-05-17, Kazuyuki Tanisako <tanisako@osa.dec-j.co.jp>
.\" Modified 1997-05-27, Kazuyuki Tanisako <tanisako@osa.dec-j.co.jp>
.\" Modified 1998-02-04, Kazuyuki Tanisako <tanisako@osa.dec-j.co.jp>
.\" Updated and Modified 2000-10-12, NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
.\" Updated 2006-04-14, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>, LDP v2.29
.\" Updated 2006-07-26, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>, LDP v2.36
.\"
.\"WORD:        temporary file          ¥Æ¥ó¥Ý¥é¥ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë
.\"WORD:        filename                ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾
.\"WORD:        function                ´Ø¿ô
.\"WORD:        directory               ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê
.\"WORD:        environment variable    ´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô
.\"WORD:        argument                °ú¤­¿ô
.\"WORD:        storage                 ÊݸÎΰè
.\"WORD:        pointer                 ¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼
.\"
.TH TEMPNAM 3  2008-08-06 "" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.\"O .SH NAME
.SH ̾Á°
.\"O tempnam \- create a name for a temporary file
tempnam \- ¥Æ¥ó¥Ý¥é¥ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î̾Á°¤òºîÀ®¤¹¤ë
.\"O .SH SYNOPSIS
.SH ½ñ¼°
.nf
.B #include <stdio.h>
.sp
.BI "char *tempnam(const char *" dir ", const char *" pfx );
.fi
.sp
.in -4n
.\"O Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
.\"O .BR feature_test_macros (7)):
glibc ¸þ¤±¤Îµ¡Ç½¸¡ºº¥Þ¥¯¥í¤ÎÍ×·ï
.RB ( feature_test_macros (7)
»²¾È):
.in
.sp
.BR tempnam ():
_BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE
.\"O .SH DESCRIPTION
.SH ÀâÌÀ
.\"O The
.\"O .BR tempnam ()
.\"O function returns a pointer to a string that is a valid filename,
.\"O and such that a file with this name did not exist when
.\"O .BR tempnam ()
.\"O checked.
.\"O The filename suffix of the pathname generated will start with
.\"O .I pfx
.\"O in case
.\"O .I pfx
.\"O is a non-NULL string of at most five bytes.
.\"O The directory prefix part of the pathname generated is required to
.\"O be "appropriate" (often that at least implies writable).
.BR tempnam ()
´Ø¿ô¤Ï¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤È¤·¤ÆÀµ¤·¤¤Ê¸»úÎó¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤ò»ý¤Ä¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¡¢
.BR tempnam ()
¤¬¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤·¤¿»þÅÀ¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤¤ (¤·¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿)¡£
.I pfx
¤¬ NULL ¤Ç¤Ê¤¤ 5 ¥Ð¥¤¥È°ÊÆâ¤Îʸ»úÎó¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢
À¸À®¤µ¤ì¤ë¥Ñ¥¹Ì¾¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤ÎÉôʬ¤Ï
.I pfx
¤«¤é»Ï¤Þ¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
À¸À®¤µ¤ì¤ë¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ÎÉôʬ¤Ï¡¢¡ÖŬÀڡפǤʤ±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤
(ÂçÄñ¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢¡ÖŬÀڡפǤ¢¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¤Þ¤º¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â
½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß²Äǽ¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤)¡£

.\"O Attempts to find an appropriate directory go through the following
.\"O steps:
ŬÀڤʥǥ£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Îõº÷¤Ï¡¢°Ê²¼¤Î¼ê½ç¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
.TP 3
a)
.\"O In case the environment variable
.\"O .B TMPDIR
.\"O exists and
.\"O contains the name of an appropriate directory, that is used.
´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô
.B TMPDIR
¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¡¢
¤½¤ÎÆâÍƤ¬Å¬Àڤʥǥ£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î̾Á°¤Ê¤é¡¢¤½¤ì¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¡£
.TP
b)
.\"O Otherwise, if the
.\"O .I dir
.\"O argument is non-NULL and appropriate, it is used.
¤½¤ì°Ê³°¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢
.I dir
°ú¤­¿ô¤¬ NULL ¤Ç¤Ê¤¤Ê¸»úÎó¤Ç¤«¤ÄŬÀڤʤ顢¤½¤ì¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¡£
.TP
c)
.\"O Otherwise,
.\"O .I P_tmpdir
.\"O (as defined in
.\"O .IR <stdio.h> )
.\"O is used when appropriate.
¤½¤ì°Ê³°¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢
.RI ( <stdio.h>
¤ÇÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë)
.I P_tmpdir
¤¬Å¬Àڤʤ顢¤½¤ì¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¡£
.TP
d)
.\"O Finally an implementation-defined directory may be used.
ºÇ¸å¤Ë¼ÂÁõ¤ÇÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤¬ÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O The string returned by
.\"O .BR tempnam ()
.\"O is allocated using
.\"O .BR malloc (3)
.\"O and hence should be freed by
.\"O .BR free (3).
.BR tempnam ()
¤¬ÊÖ¤¹Ê¸»úÎó¤Ï
.BR malloc (3)
¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ³ÎÊݤµ¤ì¤ë¡£¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¡¢
.BR free (3)
¤Ç²òÊü¤¹¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH ÊÖ¤êÃÍ
.\"O The
.\"O .BR tempnam ()
.\"O function returns a pointer to a unique temporary
.\"O filename, or NULL if a unique name cannot be generated.
.BR tempnam ()
´Ø¿ô¤Ï¾¤È½Å¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¥Æ¥ó¥Ý¥é¥ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
¾¤È½Å¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤Ì¾Á°¤¬À¸À®¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð NULL ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
.\"O .SH ERRORS
.SH ¥¨¥é¡¼
.TP
.B ENOMEM
.\"O Allocation of storage failed.
ÊݸÎΰè¤Î³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤Ë¼ºÇÔ¤·¤¿¡£
.\"O .SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH ½àµò
SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
.\"O POSIX.1-2008 marks
.\"O .BR tempnam ()
.\"O as obsolete.
POSIX.1-2008 ¤Ï
.BR tempnam ()
¤òÇÑ»ßͽÄê¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH NOTES
.SH Ãí°Õ
.\"O Although
.\"O .BR tempnam ()
.\"O generates names that are difficult to guess,
.\"O it is nevertheless possible that between the time that
.\"O .BR tempnam ()
.\"O returns a pathname, and the time that the program opens it,
.\"O another program might create that pathname using
.\"O .BR open (2),
.\"O or create it as a symbolic link.
.\"O This can lead to security holes.
.\"O To avoid such possibilities, use the
.\"O .BR open (2)
.\"O .B O_EXCL
.\"O flag to open the pathname.
.\"O Or better yet, use
.\"O .BR mkstemp (3)
.\"O or
.\"O .BR tmpfile (3).
.BR tempnam ()
¤Ï¿ä¬¤¬Æñ¤·¤¤Ì¾Á°¤òÀ¸À®¤¹¤ë¤¬¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ë¤â¤«¤«¤ï¤é¤º¡¢
.BR tempnam ()
¤¬¥Ñ¥¹Ì¾¤òÊÖ¤·¤Æ¤«¤é¡¢¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬¤½¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¤¹¤ë
¤Þ¤Ç¤Î´Ö¤Ë¡¢ÊÌ¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬Æ±¤¸¥Ñ¥¹Ì¾¤Ç¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò
.BR open (2)
¤ÇºîÀ®¤·¤¿¤ê¡¢¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã¥¯¥ê¥ó¥¯¤òºîÀ®¤·¤¿¤ê¤¹¤ë²ÄǽÀ­¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ï¥»¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¥Û¡¼¥ë¤Ë¤Ä¤Ê¤¬¤ë²ÄǽÀ­¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê²ÄǽÀ­¤ò²óÈò¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
.BR open (2)
¤Î
.B O_EXCL
¥Õ¥é¥°¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥Ñ¥¹Ì¾¤ò¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¤¹¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤¡£
¤â¤Ã¤È¤¤¤¤¤Î¤Ï¡¢
.BR mkstemp (3)
¤ä
.BR tmpfile (3)
¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

.\"O SUSv2 does not mention the use of
.\"O .BR TMPDIR ;
.\"O glibc will use it only
.\"O when the program is not set-user-ID.
.\"O On SVr4, the directory used under \fBd)\fP is
.\"O .I /tmp
.\"O (and this is what glibc does).
SUSv2 ¤Ç¤Ï
.B TMPDIR
¤ËÉÕ¤¤¤Æ¸ÀµÚ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
glibc ¤Ï¡¢¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬ set-user-ID ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¸Â¤Ã¤Æ¤³¤ì¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¡£
SVr4 ¤Ç¤Ï \fBd)\fP ¤Ç»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ò
.I /tmp
¤ÈÄê¤á¤Æ¤¤¤ë (glibc ¤â¤³¤ÎÄ̤ê¤Ç¤¢¤ë)¡£
.LP
.\"O Because it dynamically allocates memory used to return the pathname,
.\"O .BR tempnam ()
.\"O is reentrant, and thus thread safe, unlike
.\"O .BR tmpnam (3).
¥Ñ¥¹Ì¾¤òÊÖ¤¹¤Î¤Ë»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¥á¥â¥ê¤òưŪ¤Ë³ÎÊݤ¹¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢
.BR tmpnam (3)
¤È°ã¤¤¡¢
.BR tempnam ()
¤Ï¥ê¥¨¥ó¥È¥é¥ó¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢¥¹¥ì¥Ã¥É¥»¡¼¥Õ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.LP
.\"O The
.\"O .BR tempnam ()
.\"O function generates a different string each time it is called,
.\"O up to
.\"O .B TMP_MAX
.\"O (defined in
.\"O .IR <stdio.h> )
.\"O times.
.\"O If it is called more than
.\"O .B TMP_MAX
.\"O times,
.\"O the behavior is implementation defined.
.BR tempnam ()
´Ø¿ô¤ÏºÇÂç
.B TMP_MAX
²ó¤Þ¤Ç¡¢¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤µ¤ì¤ëÅ٤˰ۤʤëʸ»úÎó¤òºîÀ®¤¹¤ë
.RB ( TMP_MAX
¤Ï
.I <stdio.h>
¤ÇÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë)¡£
¤â¤·
.B TMP_MAX
²ó°Ê¾å¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤µ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢Æ°ºî¤Ï¼ÂÁõ°Í¸¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.LP
.\"O .BR tempnam ()
.\"O uses at most the first five bytes from
.\"O .IR pfx .
.BR tempnam ()
¤ÏºÇÂç¤Ç
.I pfx
¤ÎÀèƬ 5 ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¡£

.\"O The glibc implementation of
.\"O .BR tempnam ()
.\"O will fail with the error
.\"O .B EEXIST
.\"O upon failure to find a unique name.
¾¤È½Å¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤Ì¾Á°¤¬¸«¤Ä¤±¤é¤ì¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢glibc ¤Î
.BR tempnam ()
¤Î¼ÂÁõ¤Ï¥¨¥é¡¼
.B EEXIST
¤Ç¼ºÇÔ¤¹¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH BUGS
.SH ¥Ð¥°
.\"O The precise meaning of "appropriate" is undefined;
.\"O it is unspecified how accessibility of a directory is determined.
¡ÖŬÀڡפȤ¤¤¦¸ÀÍÕ¤ÎÀµ³Î¤Ê°ÕÌ£¤ÏÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤É¤ÎÄøÅ٤Υ¢¥¯¥»¥¹¸¢¸Â¤¬É¬ÍפʤΤ«¤Ï»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£

.\"O Never use this function.
.\"O Use
.\"O .BR mkstemp (3)
.\"O or
.\"O .BR tmpfile (3)
.\"O instead.
·è¤·¤Æ¤³¤Î´Ø¿ô¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£Âå¤ï¤ê¤Ë
.BR mkstemp (3)
¤«
.BR tmpfile (3)
¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¡£
.\"O .SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH ´ØÏ¢¹àÌÜ
.BR mkstemp (3),
.BR mktemp (3),
.BR tmpfile (3),
.BR tmpnam (3)