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[linuxjm/jm.git] / manual / LDP_man-pages / draft / man3 / ttyslot.3

.\" Copyright (C) 2002 Andries Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl>
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
.\" preserved on all copies.
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
.\" permission notice identical to this one.
.\"
.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date.  The author(s) assume no
.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
.\" the use of the information contained herein.  The author(s) may not
.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
.\" professionally.
.\"
.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
.\"
.\" This replaces an earlier man page written by Walter Harms
.\" <walter.harms@informatik.uni-oldenburg.de>.
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 2004 Yuichi SATO
.\"         all rights reserved.
.\" Translated Wed Sep  8 01:25:01 JST 2004
.\"         by Yuichi SATO <ysato444@yahoo.co.jp>
.\"
.TH TTYSLOT 3 2007-11-26 "GNU" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.\"O .SH NAME
.SH ̾Á°
.\"O ttyslot \- find the slot of the current user's terminal in some file
ttyslot \- ¥«¥ì¥ó¥È¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ÎüËö¤Î¥¹¥í¥Ã¥È¤ò¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤«¤éõ¤¹
.\"O .SH SYNOPSIS
.SH ½ñ¼°
.\"O .BR "#include <unistd.h>"       "    /* on BSD-like systems, and Linux  */"
.BR "#include <unistd.h>"       "    /* BSD ·Ï¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤È Linux ¤Î¾ì¹ç  */"
.br
.\"O .BR "#include <stdlib.h>"       "    /* on System V-like systems */"
.BR "#include <stdlib.h>"       "    /* System V ·Ï¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¾ì¹ç */"
.sp
.B "int ttyslot(void);"
.sp
.in -4n
.\"O Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
.\"O .BR feature_test_macros (7)):
glibc ¸þ¤±¤Îµ¡Ç½¸¡ºº¥Þ¥¯¥í¤ÎÍ×·ï
.RB ( feature_test_macros (7)
»²¾È):
.in
.sp
.ad l
.BR ttyslot ():
_BSD_SOURCE || (_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED && !\ _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500)
.ad b
.\"O .SH DESCRIPTION
.SH ÀâÌÀ
.\"O The legacy function
.\"O .BR ttyslot ()
.\"O returns the index of the current user's entry in some file.
¥ì¥¬¥·¡¼¤Ê´Ø¿ô
.BR ttyslot ()
¤Ï¡¢¤¢¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥«¥ì¥ó¥È¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Î¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
.LP
.\"O Now "What file?" you ask.
.\"O Well, let's first look at some history.
¡Ö¤É¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ê¤Î¤«¡©¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¼ÁÌ䤬¤¢¤ë¤À¤í¤¦¡£
¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤Þ¤ººÇ½é¤Ë¤½¤ÎÎò»Ë¤ò¸«¤Æ¤ß¤è¤¦¡£
.\"O .SS "Ancient History"
.SS ÂçÀΤÎÎò»Ë
.\"O There used to be a file
.\"O .I /etc/ttys
.\"O in Unix V6, that was read by the
.\"O .BR init (8)
.\"O program to find out what to do with each terminal line.
Unix V6 ¤Ç¤Ï
.I /etc/ttys
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡£
.BR init (8)
¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÆɤ߹þ¤ß¡¢
³ÆüËö¹Ô¤Ç²¿¤ò¤¹¤Ù¤­¤«¤òõ¤¹¡£
.\"O Each line consisted of three characters.
³Æ¹Ô¤Ï 3 ʸ»ú¤«¤é¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.\"O The first character was either \(aq0\(aq or \(aq1\(aq,
.\"O where \(aq0\(aq meant "ignore".
1 ʸ»úÌÜ¤Ï \(aq0\(aq ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï \(aq1\(aq ¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢
\(aq0\(aq ¤Ï¡Ö̵»ë¤¹¤ë¡×¤³¤È¤òɽ¤¹¡£
.\"O The second character denoted the terminal: \(aq8\(aq stood for "/dev/tty8".
2 ʸ»úÌܤÏüËö¤ò¼¨¤¹: \(aq8\(aq ¤Ï "/dev/tty8" ¤òɽ¤¹¡£
.\"O The third character was an argument to
.\"O .BR getty (8)
.\"O indicating the sequence of line speeds to try (\(aq\-\(aq was: start trying
.\"O 110 baud).
.\"O Thus a typical line was "18\-".
3 ʸ»úÌܤÏ
.BR getty (8)
¤Ø¤Î°ú¤­¿ô¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢(Àܳ¤ò) »î¤ß¤ë²óÀþ®Å٤νç½ø¤òɽ¤¹
(\(aq\-\(aq ¤Ï 110 ¥Ü¡¼¤ÇÀܳ¤Î»î¹Ô¤ò³«»Ï¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤òɽ¤¹)¡£
¤è¤Ã¤Æ°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¹Ô¤Ï "18\-" ¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£
.\"O A hang on some line was solved by changing the \(aq1\(aq to a \(aq0\(aq,
.\"O signaling init, changing back again, and signaling init again.
¤¢¤ë¹Ô¤Ç¥Ï¥ó¥°¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢\(aq1\(aq ¤ò \(aq0\(aq ¤ËÊѹ¹¤·¡¢
init ¤Ë¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤òÁ÷¤ê¡¢\(aq0\(aq ¤ò \(aq1\(aq ºÆÅÙ¤ËÊѹ¹¤·¡¢
init ¤ËºÆÅÙ¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤òÁ÷¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç²ò·è¤¹¤ë¡£
.LP
.\"O In Unix V7 the format was changed: here the second character
.\"O was the argument to
.\"O .BR getty (8)
.\"O indicating the sequence of line speeds to try (\(aq0\(aq was: cycle through
.\"O 300-1200-150-110 baud; \(aq4\(aq was for the on-line console DECwriter)
.\"O while the rest of the line contained the name of the tty.
.\"O Thus a typical line was "14console".
Unix V7 ¤Ç¤Ï¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤¬Êѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤¿:
2 ʸ»úÌܤ¬
.BR getty (8)
¤Î°ú¤­¿ô¤È¤Ê¤ê¡¢(Àܳ¤ò) »î¤ß¤ë²óÀþ®Å٤νç½ø¤òɽ¤¹¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê
(\(aq0\(aq ¤Ï 300-1200-150-110 ¤ò·«¤êÊÖ¤¹¤³¤È¤òɽ¤·¡¢
\(aq4\(aq ¤Ï¥ª¥ó¥é¥¤¥ó¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë DECwriter ¤òɽ¤¹)¡¢
¹Ô¤Î»Ä¤ê (¤Îʸ»ú) ¤ÏüËö̾¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¡£
¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¹Ô¤Ï "14console" ¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£
.LP
.\"O Later systems have more elaborate syntax.
¸å¼Ô¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î½ñ¼°¤Ï¡¢¤è¤êÀº¹ª¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.\"O System V-like systems have
.\"O .I /etc/inittab
.\"O instead.
System V ·Ï¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Âå¤ï¤ê¤Ë
.I /etc/inittab
¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
.\"O .SS "Ancient History (2)"
.SS "ÂçÀΤÎÎò»Ë (2)"
.\"O On the other hand, there is the file
.\"O .I /etc/utmp
.\"O listing the people currently logged in.
.\"O It is maintained by
.\"O .BR login (1).
°ìÊý¡¢¸½ºß¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¿Í¤ò¥ê¥¹¥È¤¹¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë
.I /etc/utmp
¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ï
.BR login (1)
¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ´ÉÍý¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.\"O It has a fixed size, and the appropriate index in the file was
.\"O determined by
.\"O .BR login (1)
.\"O using the
.\"O .BR ttyslot ()
.\"O call to find the number of the line in
.\"O .I /etc/ttys
.\"O (counting from 1).
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¸ÇÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥µ¥¤¥º¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÆâ¤ÎŬÀڤʥ¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Ï¡¢
.BR login (1)
¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ·èÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¡£
¤³¤ÎºÝ¤Ë
.BR ttyslot ()
¤¬¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤Æ¡¢
.I /etc/ttys
¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¹ÔÈÖ¹æ¤ò¸«¤Ä¤±¤ë (¹ÔÈÖ¹æ¤Ï 1 ¤«¤é¿ô¤¨¤ë)¡£
.\"O .SS "The semantics of ttyslot"
.SS "ttyslot ¤Î°ÕÌ£"
.\"O Thus, the function
.\"O .BR ttyslot ()
.\"O returns the index of the controlling terminal of the calling process
.\"O in the file
.\"O .IR /etc/ttys ,
.\"O and that is (usually) the same as the index of the entry for the
.\"O current user in the file
.\"O .IR /etc/utmp .
¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢´Ø¿ô
.BR ttyslot ()
¤Ï¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë
.I /etc/ttys
¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¸µ¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤ÎÀ©¸æüËö¤Î¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ï
.I /etc/utmp
¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¥«¥ì¥ó¥È¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Î¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤È (Ä̾ï¤Ï) Åù¤·¤¤¡£
.\"O BSD still has the
.\"O .I /etc/ttys
.\"O file, but System V-like systems do not, and hence cannot refer to it.
BSD ¤Ë¤Ï̤¤À¤Ë
.I /etc/ttys
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¢System V ·Ï¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò»²¾È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¡£
.\"O Thus, on such systems the documentation says that
.\"O .BR ttyslot ()
.\"O returns the current user's index in the user accounting data base.
¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï
.RB ¡Ö ttyslot ()
¤Ï¥«¥ì¥ó¥È¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¥¢¥«¥¦¥ó¥È¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤òÊÖ¤¹¡×
¤È¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH ÊÖ¤êÃÍ
.\"O If successful, this function returns the slot number.
À®¸ù¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢¤³¤Î´Ø¿ô¤Ï¥¹¥í¥Ã¥ÈÈÖ¹æ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
.\"O On error (e.g., if none of the file descriptors 0, 1 or 2 is
.\"O associated with a terminal that occurs in this data base)
.\"O it returns 0 on Unix V6 and V7 and BSD-like systems,
.\"O but \-1 on System V-like systems.
¥¨¥é¡¼¤Î¾ì¹ç
(Î㤨¤Ð¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿ 0, 1, 2 ¤Î²¿¤ì¤â
¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ë¤¢¤ëüËö¤Ë´ØÏ¢¤Å¤±¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç)¡¢
Unix V6, V7, BSD ·Ï¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ï 0 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¤¬¡¢
System V ·Ï¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ï -1 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
.\"O .SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH ½àµò
.\"O SUSv1; marked as LEGACY in SUSv2; removed in POSIX.1-2001.
.\"O SUSv2 requires \-1 on error.
SUSv1¡£SUSv2 ¤Ç¤Ï¡Ö²áµî¤Î̾»Ä (LEGACY)¡×¤È°ÌÃÖÉÕ¤±¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
POSIX.1-2001 ¤Çºï½ü¤µ¤ì¤¿¡£
SUSv2 ¤Ç¤Ï¥¨¥é¡¼»þ¤Ë \-1 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¤³¤È¤¬Í׵ᤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH NOTES
.SH Ãí°Õ
.\"O The utmp file is found various places on various systems, such as
.\"O .IR /etc/utmp ,
.\"O .IR /var/adm/utmp ,
.\"O .IR /var/run/utmp .
utmp ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÏÍÍ¡¹¤Ê¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç
.IR /etc/utmp ,
.IR /var/adm/utmp ,
.I /var/run/utmp
¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¤¤í¤¤¤í¤Ê¾ì½ê¤Ë¤¢¤ë¡£
.LP
.\"O The glibc2 implementation of this function reads the file
.\"O .BR _PATH_TTYS ,
.\"O defined in
.\"O .I <ttyent.h>
.\"O as "/etc/ttys".
.\"O It returns 0 on error.
¤³¤Î´Ø¿ô¤Î glibc2 ¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¼ÂÁõ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë
.B _PATH_TTYS
¤òÆɤ߹þ¤à¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ï
.I <ttyent.h>
¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ "/etc/ttys" ¤ÈÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
¥¨¥é¡¼¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢0 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
.\"O Since Linux systems do not usually have "/etc/ttys", it will
.\"O always return 0.
Linux ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤ÏÄ̾ï "/etc/ttys" ¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢¾ï¤Ë 0 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
.LP
.\"O Minix also has
.\"O .IR fttyslot ( fd ).
Minix ¤Ë¤Ï
.IR fttyslot ( fd )
¤â¤¢¤ë¡£
.\"O .\" .SH HISTORY
.\" .SH ÍúÎò
.\"O .\" .BR ttyslot ()
.\"O .\" appeared in Unix V7.
.\" .BR ttyslot ()
.\" ¤Ï Unix V7 ¤ËÅо줷¤¿¡£
.\"O .SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH ´ØÏ¢¹àÌÜ
.BR getttyent (3),
.BR ttyname (3),
.BR utmp (5)