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[linuxjm/jm.git] / manual / LDP_man-pages / draft / man7 / charsets.7

.\" Copyright (c) 1996 Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
.\"                and Andries Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl>
.\"
.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
.\"
.\" This is combined from many sources, including notes by aeb and
.\" research by esr.  Portions derive from a writeup by Roman Czyborra.
.\"
.\" Last changed by David Starner <dstarner98@aasaa.ofe.org>.
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1996,1997,1998
.\"         ISHIKAWA Mutsumi, all rights reserved.
.\" Translated Mon Jul 21 03:46:21 JST 1997
.\"         by ISHIKAWA Mutsumi <ishikawa@linux.or.jp>
.\" Updated Fri Dec  3 JST 1999 by Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
.\" Updated Fri Jan  4 JST 2002 by Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
.\"
.\" WORD:       ligature        ¹ç»ú
.\"
.TH CHARSETS 7 2008-06-03 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.\"O .SH NAME
.\"O charsets \- programmer's view of character sets and internationalization
.SH ̾Á°
charsets \- ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥Þ¤Î»ëÅÀ¤«¤é¸«¤¿Ê¸»ú¥»¥Ã¥È¤È¹ñºÝ²½
.\"O .SH DESCRIPTION
.SH ÀâÌÀ
.\"O Linux is an international operating system.
.\"O Various of its utilities
.\"O and device drivers (including the console driver) support multilingual
.\"O character sets including Latin-alphabet letters with diacritical
.\"O marks, accents, ligatures, and entire non-Latin alphabets including
.\"O Greek, Cyrillic, Arabic, and Hebrew.
Linux ¤Ï¹ñºÝ²½¤µ¤ì¤¿¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
Linux ¤ÎÍÍ¡¹¤Ê¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£¤ä¡¢ console ¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Ê¤É¤Î
¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Ï¡¢Èó¥é¥Æ¥ó¥¢¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥Ù¥Ã¥È¤Ê¤É¤Î
¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥ê¥ó¥¬¥ëʸ»ú¥»¥Ã¥È (multilingual character sets) ¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤é¤Ë¤Ï¥é¥Æ¥ó¥¢¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥Ù¥Ã¥Èʸ»ú¡¦¥®¥ê¥·¥ãʸ»ú¡¦
¥­¥ê¥ëʸ»ú¡¦¥¢¥é¥Ó¥¢Ê¸»ú¡¦¥Ø¥Ö¥é¥¤Ê¸»ú¤Ê¤É¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¡¢
ȯ²»¶èÊÌÉä¹æ (diacritical marks)¡¦¥¢¥¯¥»¥ó¥È¡¦¹ç»ú (ligatures) ¤Ê¤É¤â
»È¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.LP
.\"O This manual page presents a programmer's-eye view of different
.\"O character-set standards and how they fit together on Linux.
.\"O Standards
.\"O discussed include ASCII, ISO 8859, KOI8-R, Unicode, ISO 2022 and
.\"O ISO 4873.
.\"O The primary emphasis is on character sets actually used as
.\"O locale character sets, not the myriad others that can be found in data
.\"O from other systems.
¤³¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥×¥í¥°¥é¥Þ¤Î»ëÅÀ¤«¤é¤ß¤¿°Û¤Ê¤ëʸ»ú½¸¹çµ¬³Ê
(character-set standards) ¤È¡¢¤½¤ì¤é¤ò Linux ¤Ë¤É¤¦Å¬¹ç¤µ¤»¤ë¤«¤È¤¤¤¦¤³
¤È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ½Ò¤Ù¤ë¡£¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ASCII, ISO 8859, KOI8-R, Unicode, ISO 2022,
ISO 4873 ¤Î³Æµ¬³Ê¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆµÄÏÀ¤¹¤ë¡£
¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¥í¥±¡¼¥ëʸ»ú¥»¥Ã¥È¤È¤·¤Æ»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëʸ»ú¥»¥Ã¥È¤ËÃíÌܤ·¡¢
¤½¤Î¾¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë̵¿ô¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ï½Å»ë¤·¤Ê¤¤¡£
.LP
.\"O A complete list of charsets used in an officially supported locale in glibc
.\"O 2.2.3 is: ISO-8859-{1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9,13,15}, CP1251, UTF-8, EUC-{KR,JP,TW},
.\"O KOI8-{R,U}, GB2312, GB18030, GBK, BIG5, BIG5-HKSCS and TIS-620 (in no
.\"O particular order.)
.\"O(Romanian may be switching to ISO-8859-16.)
glibc 2.2.3 ¤Ç¸ø¼°¤ËÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¤ÇÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëʸ»ú¥»¥Ã¥È¤Î
´°Á´¤Ê¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ï°Ê²¼¤ÎÄ̤ê:
ISO-8859-{1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9,13,15}, CP1251, UTF-8, EUC-{KR,JP,TW},
KOI8-{R,U}, GB2312, GB18030, GBK, BIG5, BIG5-HKSCS, TIS-620 (½çÉÔƱ)
(¥ë¡¼¥Þ¥Ë¥¢¸ì¤Ï ISO-8859-16 ¤ËÀÚ¤êÂؤï¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤)
.SS ASCII
.\"O ASCII (American Standard Code For Information Interchange) is the original
.\"O 7-bit character set, originally designed for American English.
.\"O It is currently described by the ECMA-6 standard.
ASCII (American Standard Code For Information Interchange) ¤Ï
7¡¡¥Ó¥Ã¥Èʸ»ú½¸¹ç¤Î¸µ¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢
¤â¤È¤â¤È¤ÏÊƸì(American English) ¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¥Ç¥¶¥¤¥ó¤µ¤ì¤¿¡£
¸½ºß¤Ï¡¢ECMA-6 ɸ½à¤ÎÃæ¤ÇÀâÌÀ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.LP
.\"O Various ASCII variants replacing the dollar sign with other currency
.\"O symbols and replacing punctuation with non-English alphabetic characters
.\"O to cover German, French, Spanish and others in 7 bits exist.
.\"O All are
.\"O deprecated; glibc doesn't support locales whose character sets aren't
.\"O true supersets of ASCII.
.\"O (These sets are also known as ISO-646, a close
.\"O relative of ASCII that permitted replacing these characters.)
¥É¥¤¥Ä¸ì¡¢¥Õ¥é¥ó¥¹¸ì¡¢¥¹¥Ú¥¤¥ó¸ì¤Ê¤É¤Ë 7 ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤ÇÂбþ¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢
ASCII ¤Î¥É¥ëµ­¹æ¤ò¾¤ÎÄ̲ߵ­¹æ¤ËÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¡¢
¶çÆÉÅÀ¤òÈó±Ñ¸ìʸ»ú¤Î¤â¤Î¤ËÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤¿ÍÍ¡¹¤ÊÊѼ郎¸ºß¤¹¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤é¤ÏÁ´¤Æ»È¤¦¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£
glibc ¤Ï ASCII ¤Î´°Á´¤Ê¥¹¡¼¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤Ê¤¤Ê¸»ú¥»¥Ã¥È¤Î¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¤Ë
Âбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
(¤³¤ì¤é¤Îʸ»ú¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ï ISO-646 ¤È¤·¤ÆÃΤé¤ì¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ï ASCII ¤È¶á¤¤´Ø·¸¤Ë¤¢¤ê¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤Îʸ»ú¤òÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤òǧ¤á¤Æ¤¤¤ë)
.LP
.\"O As Linux was written for hardware designed in the US, it natively
.\"O supports ASCII.
Linux ¤ÏÊƹñ¤ÇÀ߷פµ¤ì¤¿¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿¤Î¤Ç¡¢
¤Ï¤¸¤á¤«¤é ASCII ¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.SS ISO 8859
.\"O ISO 8859 is a series of 15 8-bit character sets all of which have US
.\"O ASCII in their low (7-bit) half, invisible control characters in
.\"O positions 128 to 159, and 96 fixed-width graphics in positions 160-255.
ISO 8859 ¤Ï 15 ÁȤΰìÏ¢¤Î 8 ¥Ó¥Ã¥Èʸ»ú½¸¹ç¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¤½¤ì¤é¤ÏÁ´¤Æ
²¼°Ì (7 ¥Ó¥Ã¥È) ¤Ë US ASCII ¤ò´Þ¤ß¡¢ 128 ¤«¤é 159 ¤Ë¤ÏÀ©¸æʸ»ú¤¬ÇÛÃÖ¤µ¤ì¡¢
160 ¤«¤é 255 ¤Ë¤Ï 96 ¸Ä¤Î¸ÇÄêÉý¿Þ·Áʸ»ú¤¬ÇÛÃÖ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.LP
.\"O Of these, the most important is ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1).
.\"O It is natively
.\"O supported in the Linux console driver, fairly well supported in X11R6,
.\"O and is the base character set of HTML.
¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Ç¡¢¤â¤Ã¤È¤â½ÅÍ×¤Ê¤Î¤Ï ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¤³¤ì
¤Ï Linux ¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¥Í¥¤¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤Ë¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢
.\"nakano ¤Ç¤¤¤¤¤ó¤¸¤ã¤Ê¤¤¤«¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
X11R6 ¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤âƱÍͤ˥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤µ¤é¤Ë¡¢
HTML ¤Î´ðËÜʸ»ú½¸¹ç¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.LP
.\"O Console support for the other 8859 character sets is available under
.\"O Linux through user-mode utilities (such as
.\"O .BR setfont (8))
.\"O .\" // some distributions still have the deprecated consolechars
.\"O that modify keyboard bindings and the EGA graphics
.\"O table and employ the "user mapping" font table in the console
.\"O driver.
¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¡¢¤½¤Î¾¤Î 8859 ʸ»ú½¸¹ç¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ï
.RB ( setfont (8))
¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥æ¡¼¥¶¥â¡¼¥É¡¦¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë»ö¤Ç²Äǽ¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Ë¤ª¤±
¤ë¥­¡¼¥Ü¡¼¥É¤È EGA ¥°¥é¥Õ¥£¥Ã¥¯¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Î³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤òÊѹ¹¤·¡¢"¥æ¡¼¥¶³ä
¤êÅö¤Æ(user mapping)"¥Õ¥©¥ó¥È¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.LP
.\"O Here are brief descriptions of each set:
°Ê²¼¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î½¸¹ç¤Î´Êñ¤ÊÀâÌÀ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.TP
.\"O 8859-1 (Latin-1)
.\"O Latin-1 covers most Western European languages such as Albanian, Catalan,
.\"O Danish, Dutch, English, Faroese, Finnish, French, German, Galician,
.\"O Irish, Icelandic, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, and
.\"O Swedish.
.\"O The lack of the ligatures Dutch ij, French oe and old-style
.\"O ,,German`` quotation marks is considered tolerable.
8859-1 (Latin-1)
Latin-1 ¤Ï ¥¢¥ë¥Ð¥Ë¥¢¸ì(Albanian)¡¢¥«¥¿¥í¥Ë¥¢¸ì(Catalan)¡¢¥Ç¥ó¥Þ¡¼¥¯¸ì
(Danish)¡¢¥ª¥é¥ó¥À¸ì(Dutch)¡¢±Ñ¸ì(English)¡¢¥Õ¥§¥í¡¼¸ì(Faroese)¡¢
¥Õ¥£¥ó¥é¥ó¥É¸ì(Finnish)¡¢¥Õ¥é¥ó¥¹¸ì(French)¡¢¥É¥¤¥Ä¸ì(German)¡¢
¥¬¥ê¥·¥¢¸ì(Galician)¡¢¥¢¥¤¥ë¥é¥ó¥É¸ì(Irish)¡¢¥¢¥¤¥¹¥é¥ó¥É¸ì(Icelandic)¡¢
¥¤¥¿¥ê¥¢¸ì(Italian)¡¢¥Î¥ë¥¦¥§¡¼¸ì(Norwegian)¡¢¥Ý¥ë¥È¥¬¥ë¸ì(Portuguese)¡¢
¥¹¥Ú¥¤¥ó¸ì(Spanish)¡¢¥¹¥¦¥§¡¼¥Ç¥ó¸ì(Swedish)¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î
À¾¥è¡¼¥í¥Ã¥Ñ¸À¸ì¤ò¥«¥Ð¡¼¤¹¤ë¡£
¥É¥¤¥Ä¸ì¤Î ij ¤ä¥Õ¥é¥ó¥¹¸ì¤Î oe ¤Î¹ç»ú¡¢¤ª¤è¤Ó¸Å¤¤¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¤Î
,,¥É¥¤¥Ä¸ì`` °úÍÑÉä¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢µöÍÆÈϰϤȹͤ¨¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.TP
.\"O 8859-2 (Latin-2)
.\"O Latin-2 supports most Latin-written Slavic and Central European
.\"O languages: Croatian, Czech, German, Hungarian, Polish, Rumanian,
.\"O Slovak, and Slovene.
8859-2 (Latin-2)
Latin-2 ¤Ï¥¹¥é¥ô¸ì(Slavic)¡¢¥¯¥í¥¢¥Á¥¢¸ì(Croatian)¡¢¥Á¥§¥³
¸ì(Czech)¡¢¥É¥¤¥Ä¸ì(German)¡¢¥Ï¥ó¥¬¥ê¡¼¸ì(Hungarian)¡¢¥Ý¡¼¥é¥ó¥É¸ì
(Polish)¡¢¥ë¡¼¥Þ¥Ë¥¢¸ì(Rumanian)¡¢¥¹¥í¥ô¥¡¥­¥¢¸ì(Slovak)¡¢
¥¹¥í¥Ù¥Ë¥¢¸ì(Slovene)¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¡¢½ñ¤­Ê¸»ú¤È¤·¤Æ¥é¥Æ¥óʸ»ú¤ò
»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¡¢¥¹¥é¥Ö·Ï¸À¸ì¤ÈÃæ±û¥è¡¼¥í¥Ã¥Ñ¤Î¸À¸ì¤Î¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¡£
.TP
.\"O 8859-3 (Latin-3)
.\"O Latin-3 is popular with authors of Esperanto, Galician, and Maltese.
.\"O (Turkish is now written with 8859-9 instead.)
8859-3 (Latin-3)
Latin-3 ¤Ï¥¨¥¹¥Ú¥é¥ó¥È(Esperanto)¡¢¥¬¥ê¥·¥¢¸ì(Galician)¡¢¥Þ¥ë¥¿¸ì
(Maltese)¤Ê¤É¤Î½ñ¤­¼ê¤Î´Ö¤ÇÎɤ¯ÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
(¥È¥ë¥³¸ì(Turkish)¤Ï¤³¤ì¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë 8859-9 ¤Ç½ñ¤«¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë)
.TP
.\"O 8859-4 (Latin-4)
.\"O Latin-4 introduced letters for Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian.
.\"O It is essentially obsolete; see 8859-10 (Latin-6) and 8859-13 (Latin-7).
8859-4 (Latin-4)
Latin-4 ¤Ï¥¨¥¹¥È¥Ë¥¢¸ì(Estonian)¡¢¥é¥È¥Ó¥¢¸ì(Latvian)¡¢¥ê¥È¥¢¥Ë¥¢¸ì
(Lithuanian)¤Îʸ»ú¤òÄ󶡤¹¤ë¡£Latain-4 ¤Ï¡¢
ËܼÁŪ¤Ë¤ÏÇѻߤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë(obsolate ¤Ç¤¢¤ë)¡£
8859-10 (Latin-6) ¤È 8859-13 (Latin-7) ¤ò»²¾È¤Î¤³¤È¡£
.TP
.\"O 8859-5
.\"O Cyrillic letters supporting Bulgarian, Byelorussian, Macedonian,
.\"O Russian, Serbian and Ukrainian.
.\"O Ukrainians read the letter "ghe"
.\"O with downstroke as "heh" and would need a ghe with upstroke to write a
.\"O correct ghe.
.\"O See the discussion of KOI8-R below.
8859-5
.br
¥Ö¥ë¥¬¥ê¥¢¸ì(Bulgarian)¡¢¥Ù¥é¥ë¡¼¥·¸ì(Byelorussian)¡¢¥Þ¥±¥É¥Ë¥¢¸ì
(Macedonian)¡¢¥í¥·¥¢¸ì(Russian)¡¢¥»¥ë¥Ó¥¢¸ì(Serbian)¡¢¥¦¥¯¥é¥¤¥Ê¸ì
(Ukrainian) ¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¥­¥ê¥ëʸ»ú½¸¹ç¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£ ¥¦¥¯¥é¥¤¥Ê¸ì¤Ç¤Ï
downstroke ¤ò¤Ä¤±¤¿ "ghe" ¤È¤¤¤¦Ê¸»ú¤ò "heh" ¤ÈÆɤߡ¢
ghe ¤òÀµ¤·¤¯½ñ¤¯¤Ë¤Ï ghe ¤Ë upstroke ¤ò¤Ä¤±¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤³¤ÎÅÀ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢
²¼¤Î KOI8-R ¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëµÄÏÀ¤ò»²¾È¤Î¤³¤È¡£
.TP
.\"O 8859-6
.\"O Supports Arabic.
.\"O The 8859-6 glyph table is a fixed font of separate
.\"O letter forms, but a proper display engine should combine these
.\"O using the proper initial, medial, and final forms.
8859-6
.br
¥¢¥é¥Ó¥¢¸ì(Arabic)¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¡£8859-6 ¤Î¥°¥ê¥Õ¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë(glyph table)
¤Ïʸ»ú¤Î·ÁÂÖ¤òʬ³ä¤·¤¿¸ÇÄêÉý¥Õ¥©¥ó¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¡¢Å¬Àڤʥǥ£¥¹¥×¥ì¥¤¥¨¥ó¥¸¥ó¤¬Àµ¤·¤¤
initial, medial, final ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥à¤Ë·ë¹ç¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
.TP
.\"O 8859-7
.\"O Supports Modern Greek.
8859-7
¸½Â奮¥ê¥·¥ã¸ì(Modern Greek)¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¡£
.TP
.\"O 8859-8
.\"O Supports modern Hebrew without niqud (punctuation signs).
.\"O Niqud and full-fledged Biblical Hebrew are outside the scope of this
.\"O character set; under Linux, UTF-8 is the preferred encoding for
.\"O these.
8859-8
niqud(¶çÆÉÅÀµ­¹æ) ¤Î¤Ê¤¤¶áÂå¥Ø¥Ö¥é¥¤¸ì(Hebrew)¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¡£
niqud ¤È´°Á´¤ÊÀ»½ñÉ÷¥Ø¥Ö¥é¥¤¸ì(Biblical Hebrew)¤Ï¤³¤Îʸ»ú¥»¥Ã¥È¤Î
Âоݳ°¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
Linux ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï UTF-8 ¤¬¹¥¤Þ¤·¤¤¥¨¥ó¥³¡¼¥Ç¥£¥ó¥°¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.TP
.\"O 8859-9 (Latin-5)
.\"O This is a variant of Latin-1 that replaces Icelandic letters with
.\"O Turkish ones.
8859-9 (Latin-5)
¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢Latin-1 ¤ÎÊѼï¤Ç¡¢¥¢¥¤¥¹¥é¥ó¥É¸ì¤Îʸ»ú¤ò¥È¥ë¥³¸ì(Turkish)ʸ»ú¤Ë
ÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.TP
.\"O 8859-10 (Latin-6)
.\"O Latin 6 adds the last Inuit (Greenlandic) and Sami (Lappish) letters
.\"O that were missing in Latin 4 to cover the entire Nordic area.
.\"O RFC 1345 listed a preliminary and different "latin6".
.\"O Skolt Sami still
.\"O needs a few more accents than these.
8859-10 (Latin-6)
Latin-6 ¤ÏË̲¤(Nordic)ÃÏ°è¤ò¥«¥Ð¡¼¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë Latin-4 ¤Ë¤Ï´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤
¥¤¥Ì¥¤¥Ã¥È¸ì(Inuit)(¥°¥ê¡¼¥ó¥é¥ó¥É¸ì(Greenlandic)) ¤È
¥µ¡¼¥á¸ì(Sami)(¥é¥Ã¥×¸ì(Lappish)) ¤ò²Ã¤¨¤Æ¤¢¤ë¡£
RFC 1345 ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¤³¤ÎÁ°Ãʳ¬¤Î¡¢°Û¤Ê¤Ã¤¿ "latin6" ¤¬ºÜ¤»¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
¥¹¥³¥ë¥È¡¦¥µ¡¼¥á¸ì(Skolt Sami)¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
¤µ¤é¤Ë¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¥¢¥¯¥»¥ó¥Èµ­¹æ¤¬É¬ÍפȤ¹¤ë¡£
.TP
.\"O 8859-11
.\"O This only exists as a rejected draft standard.
.\"O The draft standard
.\"O was identical to TIS-620, which is used under Linux for Thai.
8859-11
¤³¤ì¤ÏµñÀ䤵¤ì¤¿Áð°Æɸ½à¤Î¤¿¤á¤À¤±¤Ë¸ºß¤¹¤ë¡£
¤³¤ÎÁð°Æɸ½à¤Ï Linux ¤Ç¥¿¥¤¸ì¤Î¤¿¤á¤ËÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤ë TIS-620 ¤ÈƱ¤¸¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.TP
.\"O 8859-12
.\"O This set does not exist.
.\"O While Vietnamese has been suggested for this
.\"O space, it does not fit within the 96 (noncombining) characters ISO
.\"O 8859 offers.
.\"O UTF-8 is the preferred character set for Vietnamese use
.\"O under Linux.
8859-12
¤³¤Îʸ»ú¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ï¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤¤¡£
¥Ù¥È¥Ê¥à¸ì¤¬¤³¤Î¾ì½ê¤ò»È¤¦¤è¤¦¤ËÄó°Æ¤·¤¿¤¬¡¢
ISO 8859 ¤¬Äó°Æ¤¹¤ë(¹çÀ®¤Ç¤Ê¤¤) 96 ʸ»ú¤Ë¼ý¤Þ¤é¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¡£
Linux ¤Ç¤Ï¥Ù¥È¥Ê¥à¸ì¤ò°·¤¦¾ì¹ç¤Ï UTF-8 ¤¬¹¥¤Þ¤·¤¤Ê¸»ú¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.TP
.\"O 8859-13 (Latin-7)
.\"O Supports the Baltic Rim languages; in particular, it includes Latvian
.\"O characters not found in Latin-4.
8859-13 (Latin-7)
¥Ð¥ë¥È³¤½ô¹ñ¤Î¸À¸ì¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¡£
Æäˡ¢Latin-4 ¤Ë¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤¤¥é¥È¥Ó¥¢¸ì¤Îʸ»ú¤ò´Þ¤à¡£
.TP
.\"O 8859-14 (Latin-8)
.\"O This is the Celtic character set, covering Gaelic and Welsh.
.\"O This charset also contains the dotted characters needed for Old Irish.
8859-14 (Latin-8)
¤³¤ì¤Ï¥±¥ë¥È¸ì¤Îʸ»ú¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢¥²¡¼¥ë¸ì(Gaelic)¤È¥¦¥§¡¼¥ë¥º¸ì(Welsh)¤Ë
Âбþ¤¹¤ë¡£
¤³¤Îʸ»ú¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ï¸ÅÂ奢¥¤¥ë¥é¥ó¥É¸ì¤ÇÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤ëÉÕÅÀÉÕ¤­Ê¸»ú¤â´Þ¤à¡£
.TP
.\"O 8859-15 (Latin-9)
.\"O This adds the Euro sign and French and Finnish letters that were missing in
.\"O Latin-1.
8859-15 (Latin-9)
¤³¤ì¤Ï¥æ¡¼¥íµ­¹æ¤È Latin-1 ¤ËÆþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¥Õ¥é¥ó¥¹¸ì¤È¥Õ¥£¥ó¥é¥ó¥É¸ì¤Îʸ»ú¤¬
Äɲ䵤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.TP
8859-16 (Latin-10)
.\"O This set covers many of the languages covered by 8859-2, and supports
.\"O Romanian more completely then that set does.
¤³¤Îʸ»ú¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ï 8859-2 ¤ÇÂбþ¤¹¤ë¿¤¯¤Î¸À¸ì¤ËÂбþ¤·¡¢
¤µ¤é¤Ë¥ë¡¼¥Þ¥Ë¥¢¸ì¤Ë¤Ï¤è¤ê´°Á´¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë¡£
.SS KOI8-R
.\"O KOI8-R is a non-ISO character set popular in Russia.
.\"O The lower half
.\"O is US ASCII; the upper is a Cyrillic character set somewhat better
.\"O designed than ISO 8859-5.
.\"O KOI8-U is a common character set, based off
.\"O KOI8-R, that has better support for Ukrainian.
.\"O Neither of these sets
.\"O are ISO-2022 compatible, unlike the ISO-8859 series.
KOI8-R ¤Ï¥í¥·¥¢¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤ÆÎɤ¯ÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤ë¡¢ISO ¤Ç¤Ê¤¤Ê¸»ú½¸¹ç¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
²¼°ÌȾʬ¤Ï US ASCII ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¾å°ÌȾʬ¤Ï ISO 8859-5 ¤è¤ê´öʬÎɤ¯
¥Ç¥¶¥¤¥ó¤µ¤ì¤¿¥­¥ê¥ëʸ»ú½¸¹ç¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
KOI8-U ¤Ï KOI8-R ¤ò¸µ¤Ë¤·¤¿¶¦ÄÌʸ»ú¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢
¥¦¥¯¥é¥¤¥Ê¸ì(Ukrainian) ¤Ë¤è¤ê¤è¤¯Âбþ¤¹¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¤É¤Á¤é¤â ISO-8859 ¥·¥ê¡¼¥º¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë ISO-2022 ¸ß´¹¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£
.LP
.\"O Console support for KOI8-R is available under Linux through user-mode
.\"O utilities that modify keyboard bindings and the EGA graphics table,
.\"O and employ the "user mapping" font table in the console driver.
Linux ¤Ç¤Î KOI8-R ¤Î¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ï¡¢
¥æ¡¼¥¶¥â¡¼¥É¤Î¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£¤Ç¼Â¸½¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ï¥­¡¼¥Ü¡¼¥É¤Î³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤È EGA ¥°¥é¥Õ¥£¥Ã¥¯¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤òÊѹ¹¤·¡¢
¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Î¥Õ¥©¥ó¥È¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Ë "¥æ¡¼¥¶³ä¤êÅö¤Æ" ¤ò¹Ô¤¦¡£
.\" Thanks to Tomohiro KUBOTA for the following sections about
.\" national standards.
.SS JIS X 0208
.\"O JIS X 0208 is a Japanese national standard character set.
.\"O Though there are some more Japanese national standard character sets (like
.\"O JIS X 0201, JIS X 0212, and JIS X 0213), this is the most important one.
.\"O Characters are mapped into a 94x94 two-byte matrix,
.\"O whose each byte is in the range 0x21-0x7e.
.\"O Note that JIS X 0208 is a character set, not an encoding.
.\"O This means that JIS X 0208
.\"O itself is not used for expressing text data.
.\"O JIS X 0208 is used
.\"O as a component to construct encodings such as EUC-JP, Shift_JIS,
.\"O and ISO-2022-JP.
.\"O EUC-JP is the most important encoding for Linux
.\"O and includes US ASCII and JIS X 0208.
.\"O In EUC-JP, JIS X 0208
.\"O characters are expressed in two bytes, each of which is the
.\"O JIS X 0208 code plus 0x80.
JIS X 0208 ¤ÏÆüËܸì¤Î¹ñÄêɸ½àʸ»ú¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¾¤Ë¤â¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«ÆüËܸì¤Î¹ñÄêɸ½àʸ»ú¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ï¤¢¤ë
(JIS X 0201, JIS X 0212, JIS X 0213 ¤Ê¤É)¤¬¡¢¤³¤ì¤¬ºÇ¤â½ÅÍפǤ¢¤ë¡£
ʸ»ú¤Ï 94x94 ¤Î 2 ¥Ð¥¤¥È¥Þ¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ËÇÛÃÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
³Æ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Ï 0x21-0x7e ¤ÎÃͤò»ý¤Ä¡£
JIS X 0208 ¤Ïʸ»ú¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢¥¨¥ó¥³¡¼¥Ç¥£¥ó¥°¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢
JIS X 0208 ¼«¿È¤Ï¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤Îɽ¸½¤Ë¤Ï»È¤ï¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
JIS X 0208 ¤Ï¡¢
EUC-JP, Shift_JIS, ISO-2022-JP ¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¥¨¥ó¥³¡¼¥Ç¥£¥ó¥°¤ò
¹½À®¤¹¤ëÉôÉʤȤ·¤ÆÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
EUC-JP ¤¬ Linux ¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤ÆºÇ¤â½ÅÍפʥ¨¥ó¥³¡¼¥Ç¥£¥ó¥°¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢
US ASCII ¤È JIS X 0208 ¤ò´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤ë¡£
EUC-JP ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢JIS X 0208 ʸ»ú¤Ï 2 ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Çɽ¸½¤µ¤ì¡¢
³Æ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Ï JIS X 0208 ¥³¡¼¥É¤Ë 0x80 ¤ò²Ã¤¨¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.SS KS X 1001
.\"O KS X 1001 is a Korean national standard character set.
.\"O Just as
.\"O JIS X 0208, characters are mapped into a 94x94 two-byte matrix.
.\"O KS X 1001 is used like JIS X 0208, as a component
.\"O to construct encodings such as EUC-KR, Johab, and ISO-2022-KR.
.\"O EUC-KR is the most important encoding for Linux and includes
.\"O US ASCII and KS X 1001.
.\"O KS C 5601 is an older name for KS X 1001.
KS X 1001 ¤Ï´Ú¹ñ¤Î¹ñÄêɸ½àʸ»ú¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
JIS X 0208 ¤ÈƱÍͤˡ¢Ê¸»ú¤Ï 94x94 ¤Î 2 ¥Ð¥¤¥È¥Þ¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ËÇÛÃÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
KS X 1001 ¤Ï JIS X 0208 ¤ÈƱÍͤˡ¢
EUC-KR, Johab, ISO-2022-KR ¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¥¨¥ó¥³¡¼¥Ç¥£¥ó¥°¤ÎÉôÉʤȤ·¤ÆÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
EUC-KR ¤Ï Linux ¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤ÆºÇ¤â½ÅÍפʥ¨¥ó¥³¡¼¥Ç¥£¥ó¥°¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢
US ASCII ¤È KS X 1001 ¤ò´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤ë¡£
KS C 5601 ¤Ï KS X 1001 ¤Î¸Å¤¤Ì¾Á°¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.SS GB 2312
.\"O GB 2312 is a mainland Chinese national standard character set used
.\"O to express simplified Chinese.
.\"O Just like JIS X 0208, characters are
.\"O mapped into a 94x94 two-byte matrix used to construct EUC-CN.
.\"O EUC-CN
.\"O is the most important encoding for Linux and includes US ASCII and
.\"O GB 2312.
.\"O Note that EUC-CN is often called as GB, GB 2312, or CN-GB.
GB 2312 ¤Ï¡¢´ÊÂÎʸ»ú¤òɽ¸½¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎÃæ¹ñ¤Î¹ñÄêɸ½àʸ»ú¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
JIS X 0208 ¤ÈƱÍͤˡ¢Ê¸»ú¤Ï 94x94 ¤Î 2 ¥Ð¥¤¥È¥Þ¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ËÇÛÃÖ¤µ¤ì¡¢
EUC-CN ¤ËÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
EUC-CN ¤Ï Linux ¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤ÆºÇ¤â½ÅÍפʥ¨¥ó¥³¡¼¥Ç¥£¥ó¥°¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢
US ASCII ¤È GB 2312 ¤ò´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤ë¡£
EUC-CN ¤Ï¤·¤Ð¤·¤Ð GB, GB 2312, CN-GN ¤Ê¤É¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë¡£
.SS Big5
.\"O Big5 is a popular character set in Taiwan to express traditional
.\"O Chinese.
.\"O (Big5 is both a character set and an encoding.)
.\"O It is a superset of US ASCII.
.\"O Non-ASCII characters are expressed in two bytes.
.\"O Bytes 0xa1-0xfe are used as leading bytes for two-byte characters.
.\"O Big5 and its extension is widely used in Taiwan and Hong Kong.
.\"O It is not ISO 2022-compliant.
Big5 ¤ÏÂæÏѤÇÈËÂÎʸ»ú¤òµ­½Ò¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë°ìÈÌŪ¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ëʸ»ú¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
(Big5 ¤Ïʸ»ú¥»¥Ã¥È¤È¥¨¥ó¥³¡¼¥Ç¥£¥ó¥°¤ÎξÊý¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£)
¤³¤ì¤Ï US ASCII ¤Î¾å°Ì½¸¹ç¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
Èó ASCII ʸ»ú¤Ï 2 ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Çɽ¸½¤¹¤ë¡£
0xa1-0xfe ¤Î¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Ï 2 ¥Ð¥¤¥Èʸ»ú¤Î 1 ʸ»úÌܤȤ·¤ÆÍѤ¤¤ë¡£
Big5 ¤È¤½¤Î³ÈÄ¥¤ÏÂæÏѤȹá¹Á¤Ç¹­¤¯ÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ï ISO 2022 ½àµò¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£
.SS TIS 620
.\"O TIS 620 is a Thai national standard character set and a superset
.\"O of US ASCII.
.\"O Like ISO 8859 series, Thai characters are mapped into
.\"O 0xa1-0xfe.
.\"O TIS 620 is the only commonly used character set under
.\"O Linux besides UTF-8 to have combining characters.
TIS 620 ¤Ï¥¿¥¤¤Î¹ñÄêɸ½àʸ»ú¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ç¡¢US ASCII ¤Î¾å°Ì½¸¹ç¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
ISO 8859 ¥·¥ê¡¼¥º¤ÈƱÍͤˡ¢¥¿¥¤Ê¸»ú¤Ï 0xa1-0xfe ¤ËÇÛÃÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
TIS 620 ¤Ï Linux ¤Ç¤Î¤ß°ìÈÌŪ¤ËÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëʸ»ú¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢
¤Þ¤¿¡¢UTF-8 ¤Ï¹çÀ®Ê¸»ú¤â»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.SS UNICODE
.\"O Unicode (ISO 10646) is a standard which aims to unambiguously represent every
.\"O character in every human language.
.\"O Unicode's structure permits 20.1 bits to encode every character.
.\"O Since most computers don't include 20.1-bit
.\"O integers, Unicode is usually encoded as 32-bit integers internally and
.\"O either a series of 16-bit integers (UTF-16) (needing two 16-bit integers
.\"O only when encoding certain rare characters) or a series of 8-bit bytes
.\"O (UTF-8).
.\"O Information on Unicode is available at <http://www.unicode.org>.
Unicode (ISO10646) ¤Ï¡¢¿Í´Ö¤¬ÍѤ¤¤ëÁ´¤Æ¤Î¸À¸ì¤ÎÁ´¤Æ¤Îʸ»ú¤ò¡¢
ÌÀ³Î¤Ë¤¢¤é¤ï¤¹¤³¤È¤òÌÜŪ¤È¤·¤¿µ¬³Ê¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
Unicode ¤Î¹½Â¤¤Ï³Æʸ»ú¤Î¥¨¥ó¥³¡¼¥É¤Ë 20.1 ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤òÍ¿¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¡¼¤Ï 20.1 ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤ÎÀ°¿ô¤ò°·¤¨¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢
Unicode ¤ÏÉáÄÌÆâÉô¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤È¤·¤Æ 32 ¥Ó¥Ã¥ÈÀ°¿ô¤Ë¥¨¥ó¥³¡¼¥É¤µ¤ì¡¢
16 ¥Ó¥Ã¥ÈÀ°¿ô¤ÎÎó (UTF-16)(¤¢¤ë¼ï¤ÎÄÁ¤·¤¤Ê¸»ú¤ò¥¨¥ó¥³¡¼¥É¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤À¤±
2 ¤Ä¤Î 16 ¥Ó¥Ã¥ÈÀ°¿ô¤¬É¬ÍפȤʤë)¤«¡¢
8 ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¥Ð¥¤¥È¤ÎÎó (UTF-8)¤È¤·¤Æ°·¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
Unicode ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¾ðÊó¤Ï¡¢<http://www.unicode.org> ¤«¤éÆÀ¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
.LP
.\"O Linux represents Unicode using the 8-bit Unicode Transformation Format
.\"O (UTF-8).
.\"O UTF-8 is a variable length encoding of Unicode.
.\"O It uses 1
.\"O byte to code 7 bits, 2 bytes for 11 bits, 3 bytes for 16 bits, 4 bytes
.\"O for 21 bits, 5 bytes for 26 bits, 6 bytes for 31 bits.
Linux ¤Ï 8-bit Unicode Transformation Form(UTF-8) ¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ Unicode ¤ò
¤¢¤é¤ï¤¹¡£ UTF-8 ¤Ï Unicode ¤Î²ÄÊÑĹɽ¸½¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£UTF-8 ¤Ï 7 ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤ò
Éä¹æ²½¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë 1 ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤ò¡¢ 11 ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤Ï 2 ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤ò¡¢
16 ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤Ï 3 ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤ò¡¢
21 ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤Ï 4 ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤ò¡¢
26 ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤Ï 5 ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤ò¡¢
31 ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤Ï 6 ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¡£
.LP
.\"O Let 0,1,x stand for a zero, one, or arbitrary bit.
.\"O A byte 0xxxxxxx
.\"O stands for the Unicode 00000000 0xxxxxxx which codes the same symbol
.\"O as the ASCII 0xxxxxxx.
.\"O Thus, ASCII goes unchanged into UTF-8, and
.\"O people using only ASCII do not notice any change: not in code, and not
.\"O in file size.
0,1,x ¤ò¥¼¥í¡¢£±¡¢Ç¤°Õ¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¤¢¤ë¥Ð¥¤¥È 0xxxxxxx ¤Ï Unicode ¤Ç¤Ï
00000000 0xxxxxxx ¤È¤¢¤é¤ï¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢ASCII ¤Î 0xxxxxxx ¤ÈƱ¤¸
¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤Î¥³¡¼¥É¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢ASCII ¤ÏÊѹ¹¤Ê¤·¤Ë UTF-8 ¤ËÊÑ´¹¤Ç¤­¡¢
ASCII ¤Î¤ß¤ò»È¤¦¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢¥³¡¼¥É¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤â¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥µ¥¤¥º¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤â¡¢
Êѹ¹¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ²¿¤âµ¤¤Ë¤·¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤è¤¤¡£
.LP
.\"O A byte 110xxxxx is the start of a 2-byte code, and 110xxxxx 10yyyyyy
.\"O is assembled into 00000xxx xxyyyyyy.
.\"O A byte 1110xxxx is the start
.\"O of a 3-byte code, and 1110xxxx 10yyyyyy 10zzzzzz is assembled
.\"O into xxxxyyyy yyzzzzzz.
.\"O (When UTF-8 is used to code the 31-bit ISO 10646
.\"O then this progression continues up to 6-byte codes.)
110xxxxx ¤È¤¤¤¦¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Ï 2 ¥Ð¥¤¥È¥³¡¼¥É¤Î»Ï¤Þ¤ê¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡¢¤½¤·¤Æ¡¢110xxxxx
10yyyyyy ¤Ï 00000xxx xxyyyyyy ¤È¤¤¤¦¤è¤¦¤ËÁȤßΩ¤Æ¤é¤ì¤ë¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢
1110xxxx ¤Ï 3 ¥Ð¥¤¥È¥³¡¼¥É¤Î»Ï¤Þ¤ê¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢1110xxxx 10yyyyyy 10zzzzzz
¤Ï xxxxyyyy yyzzzzzz ¤È¤¤¤¦¤è¤¦¤ËÁȤßΩ¤Æ¤é¤ì¤ë(UTF-8 ¤¬ 31 ¥Ó¥Ã¥È
ISO 10646 ¥³¡¼¥É¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤È¤­¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Î¹©Äø¤Ï 6 ¥Ð¥¤¥È¥³¡¼¥É¤Þ¤ÇȯŸ¤µ¤»¤é¤ì¤ë)¡£
.LP
.\"O For most people who use ISO-8859 character sets, this means that the
.\"O characters outside of ASCII are now coded with two bytes.
.\"O This tends
.\"O to expand ordinary text files by only one or two percent.
.\"O For Russian
.\"O or Greek users, this expands ordinary text files by 100%, since text in
.\"O those languages is mostly outside of ASCII.
.\"O For Japanese users this means
.\"O that the 16-bit codes now in common use will take three bytes.
.\"O While there
.\"O are algorithmic conversions from some character sets (esp. ISO-8859-1) to
.\"O Unicode, general conversion requires carrying around conversion tables,
.\"O which can be quite large for 16-bit codes.
ISO-8859-1 ʸ»ú¥»¥Ã¥È¤ò»È¤¦¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¤È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢
¤³¤Î»ö¼Â¤Ï¡¢ASCII ¤ÎÈϰϳ°¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿Ê¸»ú¤Ï
Æó¤Ä¤Î¥Ð¥¤¥È¤ËÉä¹æ²½¤µ¤ì¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤ò°ÕÌ£¤¹¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¤³¤È¤«¤é
(UTF-8 ¤ò»È¤¦¤È¡¢ISO-8859-1¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë)¸µ¡¹¤Î¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥µ¥¤¥º¤«¤é
1 ¡Á 2 ¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥ÈÂ礭¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
¥í¥·¥¢¸ì¤ä¥®¥ê¥·¥ã¸ì¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤Ë¤È¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¡¢
¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¸µ¤Î¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤Ï 2 ÇܤÎÂ礭¤µ¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
¤Ê¤¼¤Ê¤é¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¸À¸ì¤Ï¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤¬ ASCII ¤ÎÈϰϳ°¤À¤«¤é¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¸½ºß 16-bit ¥³¡¼¥É¤ò¹­¤¯ÍøÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ëÆüËܸì¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¤Ï
3 ¥Ð¥¤¥ÈɬÍפȤʤ롣
Unicode ¤Ø¤ÎÊÑ´¹¤Ë¥¢¥ë¥´¥ê¥º¥àŪÊÑ´¹¤ò¤¹¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤Ê¸»ú¥»¥Ã¥È¤¬¤¢¤ë
(ÆÃ¤Ë ISO-8859-1)°ìÊý¡¢°ìÈÌŪ¤Ë¤ÏÊÑ´¹¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¢¤ê¡¢
16 ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¥³¡¼¥É¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¤³¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Ï¤«¤Ê¤êÂ礭¤Ê¤â¤Î¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£
.LP
.\"O Note that UTF-8 is self-synchronizing: 10xxxxxx is a tail, any other
.\"O byte is the head of a code.
.\"O Note that the only way ASCII bytes occur
.\"O in a UTF-8 stream, is as themselves.
.\"O In particular, there are no
.\"O embedded NULs (\(aq\\0\(aq) or \(aq/\(aqs that form part of some larger code.
UTF-8 ¤Ï¼«¸ÊƱ´üŪ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£10xxxxxx ¤Ï½ªÃ¼¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢¤Û¤«¤Î¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Ï¥³¡¼¥É¤Î
ÀèƬ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£UTF-8 ¤Îʸ»úÎó¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë ASCII ¤Î¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Ï¡¢¾ï¤Ë¤½¤Îʸ»ú¼«¿È¤ò
ɽ¸½¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃíÌܤ·¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¡£Æäˡ¢´ö¤Ä¤«¤ÎÂ礭¤Ê¥³¡¼¥É¤Î¥Ñ¡¼¥È¤ò·ÁÀ®
¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢NUL (\(aq\\0\(aq)) ¤ä \(aq/\(aq ¤òËä¤á¹þ¤àɬÍפϤʤ¤¡£
.LP
.\"O Since ASCII, and, in particular, NUL and \(aq/\(aq, are unchanged, the
.\"O kernel does not notice that UTF-8 is being used.
.\"O It does not care at
.\"O all what the bytes it is handling stand for.
ASCII ¤È NUL ¤È \(aq/\(aq ¤ÏÊѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤¿¤á¡¢¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï UTF-8 ¤ò
»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤òÆä˰ռ±¤·¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤âÎɤ¤¡£
¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï¥Ð¥¤¥È¤¬²¿¤ò¤¢¤é¤ï¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤ËÃí°Õ¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤Ê¤¤¡£
.LP
.\"O Rendering of Unicode data streams is typically handled through
.\"O "subfont" tables which map a subset of Unicode to glyphs.
.\"O Internally
.\"O the kernel uses Unicode to describe the subfont loaded in video RAM.
.\"O This means that in UTF-8 mode one can use a character set with 512
.\"O different symbols.
.\"O This is not enough for Japanese, Chinese and
.\"O Korean, but it is enough for most other purposes.
Unicode ¥Ç¡¼¥¿Îó¤Î¥ì¥ó¥À¥ê¥ó¥°¤Ïŵ·¿Åª¤Ë¤Ï Unicode ¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥»¥Ã¥È¤«¤é
¥°¥ê¥Õ¤Ø¤Î¥Þ¥Ã¥×¤Ç¤¢¤ë"¥µ¥Ö¥Õ¥©¥ó¥È(subfont)"¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤òÍøÍѤ·¤Æ
¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£¥«¡¼¥Í¥ëÆâÉô¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Unicode ¤ò ¥Ó¥Ç¥ª RAM ÆâÉô¤Ë¥í¡¼¥É¤µ¤ì¤¿
¥µ¥Ö¥Õ¥©¥ó¥È¤È¤·¤Æµ­½Ò¤¹¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢UTF-8 ¥â¡¼¥É¤Ç¤Ï 512 ¤Î°Û¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤ò
»ý¤Ã¤¿Ê¸»ú½¸¹ç¤òÍøÍѲÄǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò°ÕÌ£¤¹¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢ÆüËܸ졢Ãæ¹ñ¸ì¡¢´Ú¹ñ¸ì¤Ç¤Ï½½Ê¬¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡¢¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤½¤Î¾¤ÎÍøÍѤǤÏ
½½Ê¬¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.LP
.\"O At the current time, the console driver does not handle combining
.\"O characters.
.\"O So Thai, Sioux and any other script needing combining
.\"O characters can't be handled on the console.
¸½ºß¤Î¤È¤³¤í¡¢¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Ï¹çÀ®Ê¸»ú¤ò°·¤¨¤Ê¤¤¡£
½¾¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥¿¥¤¸ì¡¢¥¹¡¼¸ì¤ä¤½¤Î¾¤Î¹çÀ®Ê¸»ú¤¬É¬ÍפÊʸ¾Ï¤Ï
¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤Ï°·¤¨¤Ê¤¤¡£
.\"O .SS "ISO 2022 AND ISO 4873"
.SS "ISO 2022 ¤È ISO 4873"
.\"O The ISO 2022 and 4873 standards describe a font-control model
.\"O based on VT100 practice.
.\"O This model is (partially) supported
.\"O by the Linux kernel and by
.\"O .BR xterm (1).
.\"O It is popular in Japan and Korea.
ISO 2022 ¤È ISO 4873 ɸ½à¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
VT100 ¤ÎÆ°ºî¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¤¤¿¥Õ¥©¥ó¥È¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥ë¥â¥Ç¥ë¤ò½Ò¤Ù¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥â¥Ç¥ë¤Ï Linux ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ä
.BR xterm (1)
¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ(ÉôʬŪ¤Ë)¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤³¤Îɸ½à¤ÏÆüËܤä´Ú¹ñ¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤è¤¯
ÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
.LP
.\"O There are 4 graphic character sets, called G0, G1, G2 and G3,
.\"O and one of them is the current character set for codes with
.\"O high bit zero (initially G0), and one of them is the current
.\"O character set for codes with high bit one (initially G1).
.\"O Each graphic character set has 94 or 96 characters, and is
.\"O essentially a 7-bit character set.
.\"O It uses codes either
.\"O 040-0177 (041-0176) or 0240-0377 (0241-0376).
.\"O G0 always has size 94 and uses codes 041-0176.
G0, G1, G2, G3 ¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë 4 ¤Ä¤Î¿Þ·Áʸ»ú½¸¹ç¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Î¤Ò¤È¤Ä¤Ï¡¢ºÇ¾å°Ì¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬ 0 ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¥³¡¼¥É¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î¸½ºß¤Îʸ»ú½¸¹ç
(½é´üÃÍ¤Ï G0)¡¢¤Þ¤¿¤Ò¤È¤Ä¤ÏºÇ¾å°Ì¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬ 1 ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¥³¡¼¥É¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î¸½ºß¤Î
ʸ»ú½¸¹ç(½é´üÃÍ¤Ï G1)¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¿Þ·Áʸ»ú½¸¹ç¤Ï 94 ¤« 96 ¤Îʸ
»ú¤ò»ý¤Á¡¢´ðËÜŪ¤Ë 7-bit¤Îʸ»ú½¸¹ç¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢040-0177 (041-0176) ¤«
0240-0377 (0241-0376)¤Î¥³¡¼¥É¤ò»È¤¦¡£
G0 ¤Ï¾ï¤Ë 94 ʸ»ú¤Ç 041-0176 ¤Î¥³¡¼¥É¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¡£
.LP
.\"O Switching between character sets is done using the shift functions
.\"O \fB^N\fP (SO or LS1), \fB^O\fP (SI or LS0), ESC n (LS2), ESC o (LS3),
.\"O ESC N (SS2), ESC O (SS3), ESC ~ (LS1R), ESC } (LS2R), ESC | (LS3R).
.\"O The function LS\fIn\fP makes character set G\fIn\fP the current one
.\"O for codes with high bit zero.
.\"O The function LS\fIn\fPR makes character set G\fIn\fP the current one
.\"O for codes with high bit one.
.\"O The function SS\fIn\fP makes character set G\fIn\fP (\fIn\fP=2 or 3)
.\"O the current one for the next character only (regardless of the value
.\"O of its high order bit).
ʸ»ú½¸¹ç¤ÎÀÚ¤êÂؤ¨¤Ï¥·¥Õ¥È¥Õ¥¡¥ó¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó \fB^N\fP (SO ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï LS1),
\fB^O\fP (SI ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï LS0), ESC n (LS2), ESC o (LS3), ESC N (SS2), ESC O (SS3),
ESC ~ (LS1R), ESC } (LS2R), ESC | (LS3R) ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
¥Õ¥¡¥ó¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó LS\fIn\fP ¤ÏºÇ¾å°Ì¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬ 0 ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¥³¡¼¥É¤Î¤¿¤á¤Îʸ»ú½¸¹ç¤ò
G\fIn\fP ¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£
¥Õ¥¡¥ó¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó LS\fIn\fPR ¤ÏºÇ¾å°Ì¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬ 1 ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¥³¡¼¥É¤Î¤¿¤á¤Îʸ»ú¥»¥Ã¥È¤ò
G\fIn\fP ¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£
¥Õ¥¡¥ó¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó SS\fIn\fP ¤Ï(ºÇ¾å°Ì¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤ÎÃͤˤ«¤«¤ï¤é¤º)¼¡¤Îʸ»ú¤Î¤ß
ʸ»ú½¸¹ç¤ò G\fIn\fP (\fIn\fP=2 ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï 3)¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£
.LP
.\"O A 94-character set is designated as G\fIn\fP character set
.\"O by an escape sequence ESC ( xx (for G0), ESC ) xx (for G1),
.\"O ESC * xx (for G2), ESC + xx (for G3), where xx is a symbol
.\"O or a pair of symbols found in the ISO 2375 International
.\"O Register of Coded Character Sets.
.\"O For example, ESC ( @ selects the ISO 646 character set as G0,
.\"O ESC ( A selects the UK standard character set (with pound
.\"O instead of number sign), ESC ( B selects ASCII (with dollar
.\"O instead of currency sign), ESC ( M selects a character set
.\"O for African languages, ESC ( ! A selects the Cuban character
.\"O set, etc. etc.
94 ʸ»ú½¸¹ç¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¥·¡¼¥±¥ó¥¹ ESC ( xx (G0 ÍÑ), ESC ) xx (G1
ÍÑ),  ESC * xx (G2 ÍÑ), ESC + xx (G3 ÍÑ) ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢G\fIn\fP ʸ»ú½¸¹ç
¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë»Ø¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
xx ¤Ï "ISO 2375 International Register of Coded Character Sets" ¤Ç
·è¤á¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë°ìʸ»ú¡¢¤Þ¤¿¤ÏÆóʸ»ú¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð ESC ( @ ¤Ï ISO 646 ʸ»ú½¸¹ç¤ò G0 ¤È¤·¤ÆÁª¤Ó¡¢ESC ( A
¤Ï(¥Ê¥ó¥Ð¡¼¥µ¥¤¥ó(¡ô)¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë¡¢¥Ý¥ó¥É(¡ò)¤ò»ý¤Ä) UK ¥¹¥¿¥ó¥À¡¼¥Éʸ»ú½¸¹ç¤ò
ÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¡£ESC ( B ¤Ï(Ä̲ߵ­¹æ¤Î¤«¤ï¤ê¤Ë¥À¥é¡¼(¡ð)¤ò»ý¤Ä) ASCII¤òÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¡£
ESC ( M ¤Ï ¥¢¥Õ¥ê¥«¸À¸ì(African languages) ¤òÁªÂò¤·¡¢ESC
( ! A ¤Ï ¥­¥å¡¼¥Ð¸ì(Cuban)ʸ»ú½¸¹ç¤òÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¡£¤Ê¤É¤Ê¤É¡Ä
.LP
.\"O A 96-character set is designated as G\fIn\fP character set
.\"O by an escape sequence ESC \- xx (for G1), ESC . xx (for G2)
.\"O or ESC / xx (for G3).
.\"O For example, ESC - G selects the Hebrew alphabet as G1.
96-ʸ»ú½¸¹ç¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¥·¡¼¥±¥ó¥¹ ESC
\- xx (G1 ÍÑ), ESC . xx (G2 ÍÑ), ECS / xx (G3 ÍÑ)¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢
G\fIn\fP ʸ»ú½¸¹ç¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë»Ø¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
Î㤨¤Ð¡¢ESC - G ¤Ï¥Ø¥Ö¥é¥¤¥¢¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥Ù¥Ã¥È(Hebrew alphabet) ¤ò
G1 ¤È¤·¤ÆÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¡£
.LP
.\"O A multibyte character set is designated as G\fIn\fP character set
.\"O by an escape sequence ESC $ xx or ESC $ ( xx (for G0),
.\"O ESC $ ) xx (for G1), ESC $ * xx (for G2), ESC $ + xx (for G3).
.\"O For example, ESC $ ( C selects the Korean character set for G0.
.\"O The Japanese character set selected by ESC $ B has a more
.\"O recent version selected by ESC & @ ESC $ B.
¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Ð¥¤¥Èʸ»ú½¸¹ç¤Ç¤Ï¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¥·¡¼¥±¥ó¥¹ E $ xx ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï ESC $ ( xx
(G0 ÍÑ), ESC $ ) xx (G1 ÍÑ), ESC $ * xx (G2 ÍÑ), ESC$ + xx (G3 ÍÑ) ¤ò
ÍѤ¤¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢ G\fIn\fP ʸ»ú½¸¹ç¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë»Ø¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
Î㤨¤Ð¡¢ESC $ ( C ¤Ï ´Ú¹ñ¸ì(Korean)ʸ»ú½¸¹ç¤ò G0 ¤È¤·¤ÆÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¡£
ESC $ B ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÁªÂò¤µ¤ì¤ëÆüËܸìʸ»ú¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ï¡¢¤è¤êºÇ¶á¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Ï
ESC & @ ESC $ B ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÁªÂò¤µ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¡£
.LP
.\"O ISO 4873 stipulates a narrower use of character sets, where G0
.\"O is fixed (always ASCII), so that G1, G2 and G3
.\"O can only be invoked for codes with the high order bit set.
.\"O In particular, \fB^N\fP and \fB^O\fP are not used anymore, ESC ( xx
.\"O can be used only with xx=B, and ESC ) xx, ESC * xx, ESC + xx
.\"O are equivalent to ESC \- xx, ESC . xx, ESC / xx, respectively.
ISO 4873 ¤Ï¤è¤êÀ©¸Â¤µ¤ì¤¿Ê¸»ú½¸¹ç¤ÎÍøÍѤòµ¬Äꤹ¤ë¡¢¤½¤Îµ¬Äê¤Ç
¤Ï¡¢G0 ¤Ï(¾ï¤Ë ASCII¤Ë)¸ÇÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¡£½¾¤Ã¤Æ¡¢G1, G2, G3 ¤ÏºÇ¾å°Ì¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬
¥»¥Ã¥È¤µ¤ì¤¿¥³¡¼¥É¤È¤·¤Æ¤Î¤ß¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
Æäˡ¢\fB^N\fP ¤È \fB^O\fP ¤ÏÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤º¡¢ESC ( xx ¤Ï xx=B ¤È¤·¤Æ¤Î¤ß
ÍѤ¤¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¡¢
ESC ) xx, ESC * xx, ESC + xx ¤Ï¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì ESC \- xx, ESC . xx, ESC / xx ¤È
Åù²Á¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH ´ØÏ¢¹àÌÜ
.BR console (4),
.BR console_codes (4),
.BR console_ioctl (4),
.BR ascii (7),
.BR iso_8859-1 (7),
.BR unicode (7),
.BR utf-8 (7)