1 .\" Hey Emacs! This file is -*- nroff -*- source.
3 .\" Copyright (c) 1992 Drew Eckhardt (drew@cs.colorado.edu), March 28, 1992
4 .\" and Copyright (c) 1998 Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
5 .\" and Copyright (c) 2007, 2008 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
7 .\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
8 .\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
9 .\" preserved on all copies.
11 .\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
12 .\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
13 .\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
14 .\" permission notice identical to this one.
16 .\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
17 .\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
18 .\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
19 .\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not
20 .\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
21 .\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
24 .\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
25 .\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
27 .\" Modified by Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de>
28 .\" Modified 1993-07-21 by Rik Faith <faith@cs.unc.edu>
29 .\" Modified 1996-07-09 by Andries Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl>
30 .\" Modified 1996-11-06 by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
31 .\" Modified 1997-05-18 by Michael Haardt <michael@cantor.informatik.rwth-aachen.de>
32 .\" Modified 2004-06-23 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
33 .\" 2007-07-08, mtk, added an example program; updated SYNOPSIS
34 .\" 2008-05-08, mtk, Describe rules governing ownership of new files
35 .\" (bsdgroups versus sysvgroups, and the effect of the parent
36 .\" directory's set-group-ID permission bit).
38 .\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1996 Yosiaki Yanagihara
39 .\" all rights reserved.
40 .\" Translated 1996-06-24, Yosiaki Yanagihara <yosiaki@bsd2.kbnes.nec.co.jp>
41 .\" Modified 1998-05-11, HANATAKA Shinya <hanataka@abyss.rim.or.jp>
42 .\" Modified 2004-02-29, Yuichi SATO <ysato444@yahoo.co.jp>
43 .\" Updated & Modified Wed Dec 29 06:48:16 JST 2004 by Yuichi SATO
44 .\" Updated 2007-09-04, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>, LDP v2.64
45 .\" Updated 2008-08-09, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>, LDP v3.05
47 .TH CHOWN 2 2008-06-16 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
49 chown, fchown, lchown \- ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î½êͼԤòÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë
51 .B #include <unistd.h>
53 .BI "int chown(const char *" path ", uid_t " owner ", gid_t " group );
55 .BI "int fchown(int " fd ", uid_t " owner ", gid_t " group );
57 .BI "int lchown(const char *" path ", uid_t " owner ", gid_t " group );
60 glibc ¸þ¤±¤Îµ¡Ç½¸¡ºº¥Þ¥¯¥í¤ÎÍ×·ï
61 .RB ( feature_test_macros (7)
67 _BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500
69 ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥³¡¼¥ë¤Ï¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î½êÍ¼Ô (owner) ¤È¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¡£
70 ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥³¡¼¥ë´Ö¤Î°ã¤¤¤Ï¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î»ØÄê¤Î»ÅÊý¤À¤±¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
75 ¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î½ê͸¢¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¡£
77 ¤¬¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã¥¯¡¦¥ê¥ó¥¯¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢¥ê¥ó¥¯¤ÎŸ³«¤¬¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
80 ¤Ï¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿
82 ¤Ë¤è¤ê»²¾È¤µ¤ì¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î½ê͸¢¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¡£
87 ¤ÈƱ¤¸¤À¤¬¡¢¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã¥¯¡¦¥ê¥ó¥¯¤òŸ³«¤·¤Ê¤¤ÅÀ¤¬°Û¤Ê¤ë¡£
89 Æø¢¤ò»ý¤Ä¥×¥í¥»¥¹ (Linux ¤Ç¤Ï
91 ¥±¡¼¥Ñ¥Ó¥ê¥Æ¥£ (capability) ¤ò»ý¤Ä¥×¥í¥»¥¹) ¤À¤±¤¬
92 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î½êͼԤòÊѹ¹¤Ç¤¤ë¡£
93 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î½êͼԤϡ¢¤½¤Î½êͼԤ¬Â°¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤Ë
94 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë¡£
97 ¤ò»ý¤Ä¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ï¡¢Ç¤°Õ¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ËÊѹ¹¤Ç¤¤ë¡£
102 ¤Ë \-1 ¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢¤½¤ì¤é¤Î ID ¤ÏÊѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
104 ÈóÆø¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤Ë¤è¤ê¼Â¹Ô¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î½êͼԤޤ¿¤Ï¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤¬
109 ¥â¡¼¥É¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Ï¥¯¥ê¥¢¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
110 POSIX ¤Ï¤³¤ÎÆ°ºî¤ä¥ë¡¼¥È¤¬
112 ¤ò¹Ô¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÏÆä˻ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
113 Linux ¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ëÆ°ºî¤Ï¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ë°Í¸¤¹¤ë¡£
114 .\" Linux 2.0 ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥¹¡¼¥Ñ¡¼¡¦¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤Ç¤ÎÆ°ºî¤Ï
115 .\" ¾¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤Î¾ì¹ç¤ÈƱ¤¸¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤¿¡£
116 .\" 2.2 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢2.2.12 ¤Þ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥¹¡¼¥Ñ¡¼¡¦¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï
117 .\" ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Ï¥¯¥ê¥¢¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¡£
118 .\" 2.2.13 °Ê¹ß¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥¹¡¼¥Ñ¡¼¡¦¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤Ç¤ÎÆ°ºî¤Ï
119 .\" ºÆ¤Ó¾¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤Î¾ì¹ç¤ÈƱ¤¸¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¡£
120 È󥰥롼¥×¼Â¹Ô¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë
122 ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë) ¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï
124 ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Ï¶¯À©¥í¥Ã¥¯ (mandatory locking) ¤ò°ÕÌ£¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
129 À®¸ù¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢0 ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
130 ¼ºÇÔ¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢\-1 ¤òÊÖ¤·¡¢
132 ¤ËŬÀÚ¤ÊÃͤòÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£
134 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¾¤Î¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë»ö¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
136 ¤Ç°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¥¨¥é¡¼¤ò°Ê²¼¤Ëµó¤²¤ë¡£
140 ¤Î¹½À®Í×ÁǤ˸¡º÷µö²Ä (search permission) ¤¬¤Ê¤¤
141 .RB ( path_resolution (7)
146 ¤¬³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤é¤ì¤¿¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¶õ´Ö³°¤ò»Ø¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
150 ¤ò²ò·è¤¹¤ëºÝ¤ËÁø¶ø¤·¤¿¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã¥¯¡¦¥ê¥ó¥¯¤¬Â¿²á¤®¤ë¡£
157 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬Â¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤¤¡£
160 ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë½½Ê¬¤Ê¥á¥â¥ê¤¬¤Ê¤¤¡£
164 ¤Î¹½À®Í×ÁǤ¬¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¡£
167 ¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤¿¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ë½êͼԤޤ¿¤Ï¥°¥ë¡¼¥× (¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï¤½¤ÎξÊý) ¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë
168 Í׵ᤵ¤ì¤ëµö²Ä (¾åµ¤ò»²¾È) ¤¬¤Ê¤¤¡£
171 »ØÄꤷ¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬Æɤ߹þ¤ßÀìÍÑ (read-only) ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡¦¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¾å¤Ë¤¢¤ë¡£
174 ¤Ç°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¥¨¥é¡¼¤ò°Ê²¼¤Ëµó¤²¤ë:
177 ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¡¼¤¬Í¸ú¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¡£
180 i ¥Î¡¼¥É (inode) ¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ëºÝ¤ËÄã¥ì¥Ù¥ë I/O ¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬È¯À¸¤·¤¿¡£
191 4.4BSD, SVr4, POSIX.1-2001.
193 4.4BSD ÈǤǤϥ¹¡¼¥Ñ¡¼¡¦¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤Î¤ß¤¬»ÈÍѤǤ¤ë
194 (¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢ÉáÄ̤Υ桼¥¶¡¼¤Ï¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¼êÊü¤¹¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¤)¡£
196 .\" SVr4 ¤Ë¤Ï EINVAL, EINTR, ENOLINK, EMULTIHOP ¤òÊÖ¤¹¤ÈµºÜ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢
198 .\" POSIX.1 ¤Ë¤Ï ENOMEM, ELOOP ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆµºÜ¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£
200 .\" SVr4 ¤Ë¤Ï¾¤Ë EINVAL, EIO, EINTR, ENOLINK ¥¨¥é¡¼¾õÂ֤ˤĤ¤¤Æ¤ÎµºÜ¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
205 ¤Ê¤É¤Ë¤è¤ê) ¿·¤·¤¤¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬ºîÀ®¤µ¤ì¤ë¤È¤¡¢
206 ¤½¤Î½êͼԤϸƤӽФ·¤¿¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¡¦¥æ¡¼¥¶ ID ¤È
208 ¤½¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ï¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤ÎÍ×°ø¤Ë¤è¤ê·èÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¡£
210 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¼ïÎà¡¢¤½¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È»þ¤Ë
211 »ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤¿¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¡¢¿Æ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ç set-group-ID µö²Ä¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬
212 ͸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤É¤¦¤«¡¢¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
217 .RI ( "\-o\ bsdgroups"
220 .RI ( "\-o sysvgroups"
221 ¤âƱµÁ¸ì) ¤ËÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢¥ë¡¼¥ë¤Ï°Ê²¼¤ÎÄ̤ê¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£
225 ÉÕ¤¤Ç¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢¿·¤·¤¤¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ï
226 ¿Æ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ÈƱ¤¸¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
230 ÉÕ¤¤Ç¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢¿Æ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ç¤Ï set-group-ID ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬
231 ̵¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢¿·¤·¤¤¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ï
232 ¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à GID ¤ÈƱ¤¸¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
236 ÉÕ¤¤Ç¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢¿Æ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ç¤Ï set-group-ID ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬
237 ͸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢¿·¤·¤¤¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ï
238 ¿Æ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ÈƱ¤¸¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
240 Linux 2.6.25 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó
244 ¤ËÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ï
245 ext2, ext3, ext4, XFS ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
246 ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ËÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
248 ¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¥ë¡¼¥ë¤¬Å¬ÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¡£
251 Êý¼°¤Ï UID ¥Þ¥Ã¥Ô¥ó¥°¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤¿
252 NFS ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡¦¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò¿¯³²¤¹¤ë¡£
253 ¤µ¤é¤Ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÆâÍƤ˥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤¹¤ëÁ´¤Æ¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¡¦¥³¡¼¥ë¤ò¿¯³²¤¹¤ë¡£
256 ¤¬´û¤Ë¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËÂФ¹¤ë
257 ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤ò¤¿¤À¤Á¤Ë¼è¤ê¾Ã¤¹¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ë¡£
258 ¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¦¤Î¥¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¤Ë¤è¤ê½ê͸¢¤¬Êѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤Æ
259 ¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤Î¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤¬µö¤·¤¿»þÅÀ¤È¡¢¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¾¤Î¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤Ç¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ
260 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤Ç¤¤ë»þÅÀ¤È¤Î´Ö¤Ë»þ´Öº¹¤¬¤¢¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
262 Linux ¤Î 2.1.81 ¤è¤êÁ°¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó (ÆÃ¤Ë 2.1.46 °ÊÁ°) ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
264 ¤Ï¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã¥¯¡¦¥ê¥ó¥¯¤òÄÉÀפ·¤Ê¤¤¡£
265 Linux 2.1.81 °Ê¹ß¤Ç¤Ï
267 ¤Ï¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã¥¯¡¦¥ê¥ó¥¯¤òÄÉÀפ·¡¢¿·¤¿¤Ê¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¡¦¥³¡¼¥ë
269 ¤Ï¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã¥¯¡¦¥ê¥ó¥¯¤òÄÉÀפ·¤Ê¤¤¡£
270 Linux 2.1.86 °Ê¹ß¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤Î¿·¤·¤¤¥³¡¼¥ë (¸Å¤¤
272 ¤ÈÁ´¤¯Æ±¤¸Æ°ºî¤ò¹Ô¤Ê¤¦) ¤ÏƱ¤¸¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥³¡¼¥ëÈÖ¹æ¤ò»ý¤Á
274 ¤Ï¿·¤·¤¯Æ³Æþ¤µ¤ì¤¿ÈÖ¹æ¤ò»ý¤Ä¡£
278 Æó¤ÄÌܤΥ³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó°ú¤¿ô¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿Ì¾Á°¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î½êͼԤò¡¢
279 °ì¤ÄÌܤΥ³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó°ú¤¿ô¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿ÃͤËÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¡£
280 ¿·¤·¤¤½êͼԤϡ¢¿ô»ú¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶ ID ¤«¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤Ç»ØÄê¤Ç¤¤ë
281 (¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¤Ç»ØÄꤷ¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
283 ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¸¡º÷¤¬¹Ô¤ï¤ì¡¢
284 ¥æ¡¼¥¶ ID ¤Ø¤ÎÊÑ´¹¤¬¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë)¡£
293 main(int argc, char *argv[])
299 if (argc != 3 || argv[1][0] == \(aq\\0\(aq) {
300 fprintf(stderr, "%s <owner> <file>\\n", argv[0]);
304 uid = strtol(argv[1], &endptr, 10); /* Allow a numeric string */
306 if (*endptr != \(aq\\0\(aq) { /* Was not pure numeric string */
307 pwd = getpwnam(argv[1]); /* Try getting UID for username */
316 if (chown(argv[2], uid, \-1) == \-1) {
328 .BR path_resolution (7),