2 .\" @(#)cdda2wav.1 1.5 00/02/13 Copyright 1998,1999,2000 Heiko Eissfeldt
5 cdda2wav \- a sampling utility that dumps CD audio data into wav sound
20 .IR track [ +endtrack ]]
63 .IR output-endianess ]
71 can retrieve audio tracks from CDROM drives (see README for a list of drives) that are
72 capable of reading audio data digitally to the host
76 .BI \-D " device --device"
79 as the source for CDDA reading:
80 For example /dev/cdrom for the
82 interface and Bus,ID,Lun for the
86 has to correspond with the interface setting (see below).
87 The setting of the environment variable
89 is overridden by this option.
91 .BI \-A " auxdevice --auxdevice"
94 as CDROM drive for ioctl usage.
96 .BI \-I " interface --interface"
97 specifies the interface for CDROM access:
99 or (on Linux, and FreeBSD systems)
102 .BI \-c " channels --channels"
107 for stereo recording,
110 for stereo recording with both channels swapped.
113 sets to stereo recording.
116 sets to mono recording.
119 sets maximum (CD) quality.
121 .BI \-b " bits --bits-per-sample"
122 sets bits per sample per channel:
128 .BI \-r " rate --rate"
129 sets rate in samples per second. Possible values are listed with the
133 .BI \-a " divider --divider"
134 sets rate to 44100Hz / divider. Possible values are listed with the
138 .B \-R " --dump-rates"
139 shows a list of all sample rates and their dividers.
141 .B \-P " sectors --set-overlap"
142 sets the initial number of overlap
144 for jitter correction.
146 .BI \-n " sectors --sectors-per-request"
151 .BI \-l " buffers --buffers-in-ring"
152 uses a ring buffer with
156 .BI \-t " track+endtrack --track"
157 selects the start track and optionally the end track.
159 .BI \-i " index --index"
160 selects the start index.
162 .BI \-o " offset --offset"
165 sectors behind start track (one sector equivalents 1/75 seconds).
167 .B \-O " audiotype --output-format"
172 (for apple/sgi aiff files) or
174 (for apple/sgi aifc files) or
178 (for sun .au PCM files) or
182 (for headerless files to be used for cd writers).
184 .BI \-C " endianess --cdrom-endianess"
185 sets endianess of the input samples to 'little', 'big' or 'guess' to override defaults.
187 .BI \-E " endianess --output-endianess"
188 sets endianess of the output samples to 'little' or 'big' to override defaults.
190 .BI \-d " duration --duration"
191 sets recording time in seconds or frames.
192 Frames (sectors) are indicated by a 'f' suffix (like 75f for 75 sectors).
194 sets the time for whole track.
197 copies each track into a seperate file.
200 waits for signal, then start recording.
202 .B \-F " --find-extremes"
203 finds extrem amplitudes in samples.
205 .B \-G " --find-mono"
206 finds if input samples are in mono.
208 .B \-T " --deemphasize"
209 undo the effect of pre-emphasis in the input samples.
212 copies audio data to sound device e.g.
215 .B \-p " percentage --set-pitch"
216 changes pitch of audio data copied to sound device.
218 .B \-v " level --verbose-level"
219 prints verbose information about the CD.
221 is a sum of powers of two in the range 0 up to 63. Each power of two controls the type of information to be reported.
228 1 show table of contents
229 2 show a summary of the recording parameters
230 4 determine and display index offsets
231 8 retrieve and display the media catalog number MCN
232 16 retrieve and display all Intern. Standard Recording Codes ISRC
233 32 show the table of contents in start sector notation
234 64 show the table of contents with track titles (when available)
238 does not write to a file, it just reads (for debugging purposes).
240 .B \-J " --info-only"
241 does not write to a file, it just gives information about the disc.
243 .B \-H " --no-infofile"
244 does not write an info file and a cddb file.
247 formats the output to be better parsable by gui frontends.
249 .B \-M " count --md5"
250 enables calculation of MD-5 checksum for 'count' bytes from a beginning of a
253 .B \-S " speed --speed-select"
254 sets the cdrom device to one of the selectable speeds for reading.
257 quiet operation, no screen output.
259 .B \-V " --verbose-SCSI"
260 enable SCSI command logging to the console. This is mainly used for debugging.
262 .B \-Q " --silent-SCSI"
263 suppress SCSI command error reports to the console. This is mainly used for guis.
266 display version of cdda2wav on standard output.
268 Defaults depend on the
271 .B environment variable
275 .SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
277 is used to set the device name. The device naming is compatible with Jörg
278 Schilling's cdrecord package.
281 is able to read parts of an
285 CDROM (containing audio parts) directly digitally. These parts can be
286 written to a file, a pipe, or to a sound device.
295 stands for compact disc digital audio and
297 is a sound sample format introduced by MS Windows). It
300 audio data from the CDROM drive into a file on your ram-, hard-, floppy-
305 The latest versions try to get higher real-time scheduling priorities to ensure
306 smooth (uninterrupted) operation. These priorities are available for super users
307 and are higher than those of 'normal' processes. Thus delays are minimized.
308 Please note that you need newer kernels and c libraries to take advantage of this feature.
310 If your CDROM (not yet for SCSI drives) is on device
312 and it is loaded with an audio CD, you may simply invoke
314 and it will create the sound file
316 recording the whole track beginning with track 1 in stereo at 16 bit at 44100
317 Hz sample rate, if your file system has enough space free. Otherwise
318 recording time will be limited. SCSI drives have to use different devices
324 .SH "HINTS ON OPTIONS"
326 Most of the options are used to control the format of the WAV file. In
327 the following text all of them are described.
330 selects the CDROM drive device to be used.
331 The specifier given should correspond to the selected interface (see below).
333 For the cooked_ioctl interface this is the cdrom device descriptor as before.
334 .B The SCSI devices used with the generic SCSI interface however are now
335 .B addressed with their SCSI-Bus, SCSI-Id, and SCSI-Lun instead of the generic
336 .B SCSI device descriptor!!!
337 One example for a SCSI CDROM drive on bus 0 with SCSI ID 3 and lun 0 is -D0,3,0.
338 .IP "Select Auxiliary device"
340 is necessary for CD-Extra handling. For Non-SCSI-CDROM drives this is the
341 same device as given by -D (see above). For SCSI-CDROM drives it is the
342 CDROM drive (SCSI) device (i.e.
344 ) corresponding to the SCSI device (i.e.
346 ). It has to match the device used for sampling.
347 .IP "Select Interface"
349 selects the CDROM drive interface. For SCSI drives use generic_scsi
350 (cooked_ioctl may not yet be available for all devices):
354 The first uses the generic SCSI interface, the latter uses the ioctl of
355 the CDROM driver. The latter variant works only when the kernel driver supports
357 reading. This entry has to match the selected CDROM device (see above).
358 .IP "Enable echo to soundcard"
360 copies audio data to the sound card while recording, so you hear it nearly
361 simultaneously. The soundcard gets the same data that is recorded. This
362 is time critical, so it works best with the
366 as a pseudo CD player without recording in a file you could use
367 .B "cdda2wav \-q \-e \-t2 \-d0 \-N"
368 to play the whole second track. This feature reduces the recording speed
369 to at most onefold speed. You cannot make better recordings than your sound card
370 can play (since the same data is used).
371 .IP "Change pitch of echoed audio"
373 changes the pitch of all audio echoed to a sound card. Only the copy
374 to the soundcard is affected, the recorded audio samples in a file
376 Normal pitch, which is the default, is given by 100%.
377 Lower percentages correspond to lower pitches, i.e.
378 -p 50 transposes the audio output one octave lower.
381 as an example. This option was contributed by Raul Sobon.
382 .IP "Select mono or stereo recording"
386 selects mono recording (both stereo channels are mixed),
392 selects stereo recording (doubles file size). Parameter s
393 will swap both sound channels.
394 .IP "Select maximum quality"
396 will set stereo, 16 bits per sample at 44.1 KHz (full CD quality). Note
397 that other format options given later can change this setting.
398 .IP "Select sample quality"
400 specifies 8 bit (1 Byte) for each sample in each channel;
402 specifies 12 bit (2 Byte) for each sample in each channel;
404 specifies 16 bit (2 Byte) for each sample in each channel (Ensure that
405 your sample player or sound card is capable of playing 12-bit or 16-bit
406 samples). Selecting 12 or 16 bits doubles file size. 12-bit samples are
407 aligned to 16-bit samples, so they waste some disk space.
408 .IP "Select sample rate"
409 .BI \-r " samplerate"
410 selects a sample rate.
412 can be in a range between 44100 and 900. Option
414 lists all available rates.
415 .IP "Select sample rate divider"
417 selects a sample rate divider.
419 can be minimally 1 and maximally 50.5 and everything between in steps of 0.5.
422 lists all available rates.
424 To make the sound smoother at lower sampling rates,
430 is the specific dividend). So for 22050 Hertz output we have to sum over
431 2 samples, for 900 Hertz we have to sum over 49 samples. This cancels
432 higher frequencies. Standard sector size of an audio CD (ignoring
433 additional information) is 2352 Bytes. In order to finish summing
434 for an output sample at sector boundaries the rates above have to be
435 choosen. Arbitrary sampling rates in high quality would require some
436 interpolation scheme, which needs much more sophisticated programming.
437 .IP "List a table of all sampling rates"
439 shows a list of all sample rates and their dividers. Dividers can range
440 from 1 to 50.5 in steps of 0.5.
441 .IP "Select start track and optionally end track"
445 as the start track and optionally
447 as the last track of a range to be recorded.
448 These tracks must be from the table of contents. This sets
449 the track where recording begins. Recording can advance through the
450 following tracks as well (limited by the optional end track or otherwise
451 depending on recording time). Whether one file or different files are
452 then created depends on the
455 .IP "Select start index"
457 selects the index to start recording with. Indices other than 1 will
458 invoke the index scanner, which will take some time to find the correct
459 start position. An offset may be given additionally (see below).
460 .IP "Set recording time"
462 sets recording time to
464 seconds or set recording time for whole track if
466 is zero. In order to specify the duration in frames (sectors) also, the
467 argument can have an appended 'f'. Then the numerical argument is to be
468 taken as frames (sectors) rather than seconds.
469 Please note that if track ranges are being used they define the recording
470 time as well thus overriding any
474 Recording time is defined as the time the generated sample will play (at
475 the defined sample rate). Since it's related to the amount of generated
476 samples, it's not the time of the sampling process itself (which can be
477 less or more). It's neither strictly coupled with the time information on
478 the audio CD (shown by your hifi CD player).
479 Differences can occur by the usage of the
481 option (see below). Notice that recording time will be shortened, unless
482 enough disk space exists. Recording can be aborted at anytime by
483 pressing the break character (signal SIGQUIT).
484 .IP "Record a complete audio CD in one go in different files"
486 copies each track into a seperate file. A base name can be given. File names
487 have an appended track number and an extension corresponding to the audio
488 format. To record all audio tracks of a CD, use a sufficient high duration
490 .IP "Set start sector offset"
492 increments start sector of the track by
494 By this option you are able to skip a certain amount at the beginning of
495 a track so you can pick exactly the part you want. Each sector runs for 1/75
496 seconds, so you have very fine control. If your offset is so high that
497 it would not fit into the current track, a warning message is issued
498 and the offset is ignored. Recording time is not reduced. (To skip
499 introductory quiet passages automagically, use the
502 .IP "Wait for signal option"
504 Turning on this option will suppress all silent output at startup,
505 reducing possibly file size.
507 will watch for any signal in the output signal and switches on writing
509 .IP "Find extrem samples"
511 Turning on this option will display the most negative and the most positive
512 sample value found during recording for both channels. This can be useful
513 for readjusting the volume. The values shown are not reset at track
514 boundaries, they cover the complete sampling process. They are taken from
515 the original samples and have the same format (i.e. they are independent
516 of the selected output format).
517 .IP "Find if input samples are in mono"
519 If this option is given, input samples for both channels will be compared. At
520 the end of the program the result is printed. Differences in the channels
521 indicate stereo, otherwise when both channels are equal it will indicate mono.
522 .IP "Undo the pre-emphasis in the input samples"
524 Some older audio CDs are recorded with a modified frequency response called
525 pre-emphasis. This is found mostly in classical recordings. The correction
526 can be seen in the flags of the Table Of Contents often. But there are
527 recordings, that show this setting only in the subchannels. If this option
528 is given, the index scanner will be started, which reads the q-subchannel
529 of each track. If pre-emphasis is indicated in the q-subchannel of a track,
530 but not in the TOC, pre-emphasis will be assumed to be present, and
531 subsequently a reverse filtering is done for this track before the samples
532 are written into the audio file.
533 .IP "Set audio format"
541 (for sun PCM files) or
545 (for headerless files to be used for cd writers).
546 All file samples are coded in linear pulse code modulation (as done
547 in the audio compact disc format). This holds for all audio formats.
548 Wav files are compatible to Wind*ws sound files, they have lsb,msb byte order
549 as being used on the audio cd. The default filename extension is '.wav'.
550 Sun type files are not like the older common logarithmically coded .au files,
551 but instead as mentioned above linear PCM is used. The byte order is msb,lsb
552 to be compatible. The default filename extension is '.au'.
553 The AIFF and the newer variant AIFC from the Apple/SGI world store their samples
554 in bigendian format (msb,lsb). In AIFC no compression is used.
555 Finally the easiest 'format',
556 the cdr aka raw format. It is done per default in msb,lsb byte order to satisfy
557 the order wanted by most cd writers. Since there is no header information in this
558 format, the sample parameters can only be identified by playing the samples
559 on a soundcard or similiar. The default filename extension is '.cdr' or '.raw'.
560 .IP "Select cdrom drive reading speed"
562 allows to switch the cdrom drive to a certain level of speed in order to
563 reduce read errors. The argument is transfered verbatim to the drive.
564 Details depend very much on the cdrom drives.
565 An argument of 0 for example is often the default speed of the drive,
566 a value of 1 often selects single speed.
567 .IP "Enable MD5 checksums"
569 enables calculation of MD-5 checksum for 'count' bytes from the beginning of a
570 track. This was introduced for quick comparisons of tracks.
571 .IP "Do linear or overlapping reading of sectors"
573 sets the given number of sectors for initial overlap sampling for jitter
574 correction. Two cases are to be distinguished. For nonzero values,
575 some sectors are read twice to enable cdda2wav's jitter correction.
576 If an argument of zero is given, no overlap sampling will be used.
577 For nonzero overlap sectors cdda2wav dynamically adjusts the setting during
578 sampling (like cdparanoia does).
579 If no match can be found, cdda2wav retries the read with an increased overlap.
580 If the amount of jitter is lower than the current overlapped samples, cdda2wav
581 reduces the overlap setting, resulting in a higher reading speed.
582 The argument given has to be lower than the total number of sectors per request
586 Cdda2wav will check this setting and issues a error message otherwise.
587 The case of zero sectors is nice on low load situations or errorfree (perfect)
588 cdrom drives and perfect (not scratched) audio cds.
589 .IP "Set the transfer size"
591 will set the transfer size to the specified sectors per request.
592 .IP "Set number of ring buffer elements"
594 will allocate the specified number of ring buffer elements.
595 .IP "Set endianess of input samples"
597 will override the default settings of the input format.
598 Endianess can be set explicitly to "little" or "big" or to the automatic
599 endianess detection based on voting with "guess".
600 .IP "Set endianess of output samples"
602 (endianess can be "little" or "big") will override the default settings
603 of the output format.
606 prints more information. A binary mask allows selection of different
613 displays the table of contents
616 displays a summary of recording parameters
619 invokes the index scanner and displays start positions of indices
622 retrieves and displays a media catalog number
625 retrieves and displays international standard recording codes
628 displays track start positions in absolute sector notation
630 To combine several requests just add the numbers and give the sum as argument.
631 .IP "The table of contents"
632 The display will show the table of contents with number of tracks and
633 total time (displayed in
638 .IR hh "=rounded 1/100 seconds)."
639 The following list displays track number and track time for each entry.
640 The summary gives a line per track describing the type of the track.
643 .B "track preemphasis copypermitted tracktype chans"
647 column holds the track number.
649 shows if that track has been given a non linear frequency response.
650 NOTE: You can undo this effect with the
654 indicates if this track is allowed to copy.
656 can be data or audio. On multimedia CDs (except hidden track CDs)
657 both of them should be present.
659 is defined for audio tracks only. There can be two or four channels.
662 this debugging option switches off writing to a file.
663 .IP "No infofile generation"
665 this option switches off creation of an info file and a cddb file.
666 .IP "Generation of simple output for gui frontends"
668 this option switches on simple line formatting, which is needed to support
669 gui frontends (like xcd-roast).
670 .IP "Verbose SCSI logging"
672 this option switches on logging of SCSI commands. This will produce
673 a lot of output (when SCSI devices are being used),
674 which is needed for debugging purposes. The format
675 is the same as being used with the cdrecord package from Jörg Schilling.
676 I will not describe it here.
679 suppresses all screen output except error messages.
680 That reduces cpu time resources.
681 .IP "Just show information option"
683 does not write a file, it only prints information about the disc (depending
686 option). This is just for information purposes.
688 Don't create samples you cannot read. First check your sample player
689 software and sound card hardware. I experienced problems with very low
690 sample rates (stereo <= 1575 Hz, mono <= 3675 Hz) when trying to play
691 them with standard WAV players for sound blaster (maybe they are not
694 format). Most CD-Writers insist on audio samples in a bigendian format.
695 Now cdda2wav supports the
697 option to control the endianess of the written samples.
699 If your hardware is fast enough to run cdda2wav
700 uninterrupted and your CD drive is one of the 'perfect' ones, you will
701 gain speed when switching all overlap sampling off with
704 option. Further fine tuning can be done with the
706 option. You can specify how much sectors should be requested in one go.
710 now. Use a filename of
712 to let cdda2wav output its samples to standard output.
714 Conversion to other sound formats can be done using the
716 program package (although the use of
718 to change the byte order of samples should be no more necessary; see option
720 to change the output byteorder).
722 If you really want to sample more than one track into
723 different files in one run, this is currently possible with the
725 option. When recording time exceeds the track limit a new file will
726 be opened for the next track.
728 Cdda2wav can generate a lot of files for various purposes.
732 There are audio files containing samples with default extensions
733 .wav, .au, .aifc, .aiff, and .cdr according to the selected sound format.
734 These files are not generated when option (-N) is given. Multiple files may
735 be written when the bulk copy option (-B) is used. Individual file names
736 can be given as arguments. If the number of file names given is sufficient
737 to cover all included audio tracks, the file names will be used verbatim.
738 Otherwise, if there are less file names than files needed to write the
739 included tracks, the part of the file name before the extension is extended
740 with '_dd' where dd represents the current track number.
742 Cddb and Cdindex files:
744 If cdda2wav detects cd-extra or cd-text (album/track) title information,
745 then .cddb and .cdindex files are generated unless suppressed by the
746 option -H. They contain suitable formatted entries for submission to
747 audio cd track title databases in the internet. The CDINDEX and CDDB(tm)
748 systems are currently supported. For more information please visit
749 www.cdindex.org and www.cddb.com.
753 The inf files are describing the sample files and the part from the audio cd,
754 it was taken from. They are a means to transfer information to a cd burning
755 program like cdrecord. For example, if the original audio cd had pre-emphasis
756 enabled, and cdda2wav -T did remove the pre-emphase, then the inf file has
757 pre-emphasis not set (since the audio file does not have it anymore), while
758 the .cddb and the .cdindex have pre-emphase set as the original does.
761 it is prohibited to sell copies of copyrighted material by noncopyright
762 holders. This program may not be used to circumvent copyrights.
763 The user acknowledges this constraint when using the software.
765 Performance may not be optimal on slower systems.
767 The index scanner may give timeouts.
769 The resampling (rate conversion code) uses polynomial interpolation, which
772 Cdda2wav should use threads.
774 Cdda2wav currently cannot sample hidden audio tracks (track 1 index 0).
776 Thanks goto Project MODE (http://www.mode.net/) and Fraunhofer Institut für
777 integrierte Schaltungen (FhG-IIS) (http://www.iis.fhg.de/) for financial
779 Plextor Europe and Ricoh Japan provided cdrom disk drives and cd burners
780 which helped a lot to develop this software.
781 Rammi has helped a lot with the debugging and showed a lot of stamina when
782 hearing 100 times the first 16 seconds of the first track of the Krupps CD.
783 Paranoia patches contributed by Monty xiphmont@mit.edu.
785 Heiko Eissfeldt heiko@colossus.escape.de
OSDN Git Service
