2 .\" Copyright 1993, 1994, 1995 by Theodore Ts'o. All Rights Reserved.
3 .\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
5 .TH FSCK 8 "May 2006" "E2fsprogs version 1.39"
7 fsck \- check and repair a Linux file system
25 .B fs-specific-options
29 is used to check and optionally repair one or more Linux file systems.
31 can be a device name (e.g.
32 .IR /dev/hdc1 ", " /dev/sdb2 ),
34 .IR / ", " /usr ", " /home ),
35 or an ext2 label or UUID specifier (e.g.
36 UUID=8868abf6-88c5-4a83-98b8-bfc24057f7bd or LABEL=root).
39 program will try to handle filesystems on different physical disk drives
40 in parallel to reduce the total amount of time needed to check all of the
43 If no filesystems are specified on the command line, and the
45 option is not specified,
47 will default to checking filesystems in
49 serially. This is equivalent to the
53 The exit code returned by
55 is the sum of the following conditions:
59 \ 1\ \-\ File system errors corrected
61 \ 2\ \-\ System should be rebooted
63 \ 4\ \-\ File system errors left uncorrected
65 \ 8\ \-\ Operational error
67 \ 16\ \-\ Usage or syntax error
69 \ 32\ \-\ Fsck canceled by user request
71 \ 128\ \-\ Shared library error
73 The exit code returned when multiple file systems are checked
74 is the bit-wise OR of the exit codes for each
75 file system that is checked.
79 is simply a front-end for the various file system checkers
80 (\fBfsck\fR.\fIfstype\fR) available under Linux. The file
81 system-specific checker is searched for in
87 and finally in the directories listed in the PATH environment
88 variable. Please see the file system-specific checker manual pages for
95 operations. This is a good idea if you are checking multiple
96 filesystems and the checkers are in an interactive mode. (Note:
98 runs in an interactive mode by default. To make
100 run in a non-interactive mode, you must either specify the
104 option, if you wish for errors to be corrected automatically, or the
106 option if you do not.)
109 Specifies the type(s) of file system to be checked. When the
111 flag is specified, only filesystems that match
115 parameter is a comma-separated list of filesystems and options
116 specifiers. All of the filesystems in this comma-separated list may be
117 prefixed by a negation operator
121 which requests that only those filesystems not listed in
123 will be checked. If all of the filesystems in
125 are not prefixed by a negation operator, then only those filesystems
131 Options specifiers may be included in the comma-separated
133 They must have the format
134 .BI opts= fs-option\fR.
135 If an options specifier is present, then only filesystems which contain
137 in their mount options field of
139 will be checked. If the options specifier is prefixed by a negation
141 those filesystems that do not have
143 in their mount options field of
151 then only filesystems listed in
155 option will be checked.
157 For compatibility with Mandrake distributions whose boot scripts
158 depend upon an unauthorized UI change to the
160 program, if a filesystem type of
166 were specified as an argument to the
170 Normally, the filesystem type is deduced by searching for
174 file and using the corresponding entry.
175 If the type can not be deduced, and there is only a single filesystem
176 given as an argument to the
180 will use the specified filesystem type. If this type is not
181 available, then the default file system type (currently ext2) is used.
186 file and try to check all file systems in one run. This option is
187 typically used from the
189 system initialization file, instead of multiple commands for checking
190 a single file system.
192 The root filesystem will be checked first unless the
194 option is specified (see below). After that,
195 filesystems will be checked in the order specified by the
197 (the sixth) field in the
202 value of 0 are skipped and are not checked at all. Filesystems with a
204 value of greater than zero will be checked in order,
205 with filesystems with the lowest
207 number being checked first.
208 If there are multiple filesystems with the same pass number,
209 fsck will attempt to check them in parallel, although it will avoid running
210 multiple filesystem checks on the same physical disk.
212 Hence, a very common configuration in
214 files is to set the root filesystem to have a
217 and to set all other filesystems to have a
219 value of 2. This will allow
221 to automatically run filesystem checkers in parallel if it is advantageous
222 to do so. System administrators might choose
223 not to use this configuration if they need to avoid multiple filesystem
224 checks running in parallel for some reason --- for example, if the
225 machine in question is short on memory so that
226 excessive paging is a concern.
228 .B \-C\fR [ \fI "fd" \fR ]
229 Display completion/progress bars for those filesystem checkers (currently
230 only for ext2 and ext3) which support them. Fsck will manage the
231 filesystem checkers so that only one of them will display
232 a progress bar at a time. GUI front-ends may specify a file descriptor
234 in which case the progress bar information will be sent to that file descriptor.
237 Don't execute, just show what would be done.
242 flag is set, check the root filesystem in parallel with the other filesystems.
243 This is not the safest thing in the world to do,
244 since if the root filesystem is in doubt things like the
246 executable might be corrupted! This option is mainly provided
247 for those sysadmins who don't want to repartition the root
248 filesystem to be small and compact (which is really the right solution).
251 When checking all file systems with the
253 flag, skip the root file system (in case it's already mounted read-write).
256 Don't show the title on startup.
259 Produce verbose output, including all file system-specific commands
262 .B fs-specific-options
263 Options which are not understood by
265 are passed to the filesystem-specific checker. These arguments
267 not take arguments, as there is no
270 to be able to properly guess which arguments take options and which
273 Options and arguments which follow the
275 are treated as file system-specific options to be passed to the
276 file system-specific checker.
278 Please note that fsck is not
279 designed to pass arbitrarily complicated options to filesystem-specific
280 checkers. If you're doing something complicated, please just
281 execute the filesystem-specific checker directly. If you pass
283 some horribly complicated option and arguments, and it doesn't do
285 .B don't bother reporting it as a bug.
286 You're almost certainly doing something that you shouldn't be doing
290 Options to different filesystem-specific fsck's are not standardized.
291 If in doubt, please consult the man pages of the filesystem-specific
292 checker. Although not guaranteed, the following options are supported
293 by most file system checkers:
296 Automatically repair the file system without any questions (use
297 this option with caution). Note that
301 for backwards compatibility only. This option is mapped to
304 option which is safe to use, unlike the
306 option that some file system checkers support.
309 For some filesystem-specific checkers, the
311 option will cause the fs-specific fsck to avoid attempting to repair any
312 problems, but simply report such problems to stdout. This is however
313 not true for all filesystem-specific checkers. In particular,
314 .BR fsck.reiserfs (8)
315 will not report any corruption if given this option.
322 Interactively repair the filesystem (ask for confirmations). Note: It
323 is generally a bad idea to use this option if multiple fsck's are being
324 run in parallel. Also note that this is
326 default behavior; it supports this option for backwards compatibility
330 For some filesystem-specific checkers, the
332 option will cause the fs-specific fsck to always attempt to fix any
333 detected filesystem corruption automatically. Sometimes an expert may
334 be able to do better driving the fsck manually. Note that
336 all filesystem-specific checkers implement this option. In particular
342 option as of this writing.
344 Theodore Ts'o (tytso@mit.edu)
347 .SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
350 program's behavior is affected by the following environment variables:
352 .B FSCK_FORCE_ALL_PARALLEL
353 If this environment variable is set,
355 will attempt to run all of the specified filesystems in parallel,
356 regardless of whether the filesystems appear to be on the same
357 device. (This is useful for RAID systems or high-end storage systems
358 such as those sold by companies such as IBM or EMC.)
361 This environment variable will limit the maximum number of file system
362 checkers that can be running at one time. This allows configurations
363 which have a large number of disks to avoid
365 starting too many file system checkers at once, which might overload
366 CPU and memory resources available on the system. If this value is
367 zero, then an unlimited number of processes can be spawned. This is
368 currently the default, but future versions of
370 may attempt to automatically determine how many file system checks can
371 be run based on gathering accounting data from the operating system.
376 environment variable is used to find file system checkers. A set of
377 system directories are searched first:
384 Then the set of directories found in the
386 environment are searched.
389 This environment variable allows the system administrator
390 to override the standard location of the
392 file. It is also useful for developers who are testing
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