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[linuxjm/jm.git] / manual / gnumaniak / draft / man1 / ls.1

.\" Copyright Andries Brouwer, A. Wik 1998, Ragnar Hojland Espinosa 1998-2002
.\"
.\" This file may be copied under the conditions described
.\" in the LDP GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE, Version 1, September 1998
.\" that should have been distributed together with this file.
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Yuichi SATO
.\"         all rights reserved.                                               
.\" Translated Wed Nov  3 15:25:24 JST 1999
.\"         by Yuichi SATO <sato@complex.eng.hokudai.ac.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified Sun Mar  2 14:47:25 JST 2003
.\"         by Yuichi SATO <ysato444@yahoo.co.jp>
.\"
.\"WORD:        allocation      ³ä¤êÅö¤Æ
.\"WORD:        permission      ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¸¢
.\"WORD:        fancy searching ¥Õ¥¡¥ó¥·¡¼¸¡º÷
.\"WORD:        sequence        ¥·¡¼¥±¥ó¥¹
.\"
.TH LS 1 "18 June 2002" "GNU fileutils 4.1"
.\"O .SH NAME
.\"O ls, dir, vdir \- list directory contents
.SH ̾Á°
ls, dir, vdir \- ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ÎÃæ¿È¤ò¥ê¥¹¥Èɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë
.\"O .SH SYNOPSIS
.SH ½ñ¼°
.BI "ls [" options "] [" file... ]
.sp
.\"O POSIX options:
POSIX ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó:
.BI "[\-CFRacdilqrtu1]"
.sp
.\"O GNU options (shortest form):
GNU ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó (´Êά·Á¼°):
.B [\-1abcdfghiklmnopqrstuvxABCDFGHLNQRSUX]
.BI "[\-w " cols ]
.BI "[\-T " cols ]
.BI "[\-I " pattern ]
.B [\-\-block\-size=\fISIZE\fR]
.B [\-\-classify]
.B [\-\-color[={none,always,auto}]]
.B [\-\-file\-type]
.B [\-\-full\-time]
.B [\-\-format={across,commas,long,single-column,verbose,vertical}]
.B [\-\-human\-readable]
.B [\-\-indicator\-style={none,file-type,classify}]
.B [\-\-quoting\-style={c,clocale,escape,literal,locale,shell,shell\-always}]
.B [\-\-show\-control\-chars]
.B [\-\-si]
.B [\-\-sort={none,extension,size,time,version}]
.B [\-\-time={atime,access,ctime,status,use}]
.B "[\-\-help] [\-\-version] [\-\-]"
.\"O .SH DESCRIPTION
.SH ÀâÌÀ
.\"O The program
.\"O .B ls
.\"O lists first its non-directory
.\"O .I file
.\"O arguments, and then for each directory argument all listable files
.\"O contained within that directory. If no non-option arguments are present,
.\"O a default argument `.' (the current directory) is assumed.
.\"O The \-d option causes directories to be treated as 
.\"O non-directory arguments.
.\"O A file is listable when either its name does not start with `.',
.\"O or the \-a option is given.
¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à
.B ls
¤Ï¡¢ºÇ½é¤Ë¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ç¤Ê¤¤°ú¤­¿ô
.I file
¤ò¥ê¥¹¥Èɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¡£¤½¤ì¤«¤é¡¢¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ç¤¢¤ë°ú¤­¿ô¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¡¢
¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥ê¥¹¥Èɽ¼¨²Äǽ¤Ê¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¡£
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó°Ê³°¤Î°ú¤­¿ô¤¬²¿¤â¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î°ú¤­¿ô¤È¤·¤Æ `.'
(¸½ºß¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê) ¤ò²¾Äꤹ¤ë¡£
\-d ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¡¢¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ò
¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ç¤Ê¤¤°ú¤­¿ô¤È¤·¤Æ°·¤ï¤»¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¡£
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤¬ `.' ¤Ç»Ï¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¡¢¤½¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ïɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
`.' ¤Ç»Ï¤Þ¤ë̾Á°¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç¤â¡¢\-a ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ðɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O Each of the lists of files (that of non-directory files, and for
.\"O each directory the list of files inside) is sorted separately
.\"O according to the collating sequence in the current locale.
.\"O When the \-l option is given, each list is preceded by a summary
.\"O line giving the total size of all files in the list, 
.\"O measured according the selected block size.
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.PP
.\"O The output is to stdout, one entry per line, unless multicolumn
.\"O output is requested by the \-C option. However, for output to a
.\"O terminal, it is undefined whether the output will be single-column
.\"O or multi-column. The options \-1 and \-C can be used to force
.\"O single-column and multi-column output, respectively.
½ÐÎϤÏɸ½à½ÐÎϤËÂФ·¤Æ¹Ô¤ï¤ì¡¢
\-C ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÇÊ£¿ôÎó½ÐÎϤ¬Í׵ᤵ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¸Â¤ê¡¢1 ¹Ô¤Ë 1 ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
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.\"O .SH POSIX OPTIONS
.SH POSIX ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó
.TP
.B "\-C"
.\"O List files in columns, sorted vertically.
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.B "\-F"
.\"O Suffix each directory name with `/', each FIFO name with `|', and
.\"O each name of an executable with `*'.
¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê̾¤Î¸å¤Ë `/' ¤ò¡¢FIFO ¤Î̾Á°¤Î¸å¤Ë `|' ¤ò¡¢
¼Â¹Ô²Äǽ¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤Î¸å¤Ë `*' ¤ò¤½¤ì¤¾¤ìÉղ乤롣
.TP
.B "\-R"
.\"O Recursively list subdirectories encountered.
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.TP
.B "\-a"
.\"O Include files with a name starting with `.' in the listing.
`.' ¤Ç»Ï¤Þ¤ë̾Á°¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¥ê¥¹¥Èɽ¼¨¤Ë´Þ¤á¤ë¡£
.TP
.B "\-c"
.\"O Use the status change time instead of the modification time
.\"O for sorting (with \-t) or listing (with \-l).
¥½¡¼¥È (\-t) ¤ä¥ê¥¹¥Èɽ¼¨ (\-l) ¤Î¤È¤­¡¢
½¤Àµ»þ¹ï¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¾õÂÖÊѹ¹»þ¹ï¤ò»È¤¦¡£
.TP
.B "\-d"
.\"O List names of directories like other files, rather than
.\"O listing their contents.
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¾¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÈƱ¤¸¤è¤¦¤Ë¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê̾¤ò¥ê¥¹¥Èɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¡£
.TP
.B "\-i"
.\"O Precede the output for the file by the file serial number (i-node number).
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥·¥ê¥¢¥ëÈÖ¹æ (i-node ÈÖ¹æ) ¤ò¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤Î½ÐÎϤÎÁ°¤ËÃÖ¤¯¡£
.TP
.B "\-l"
.\"O Write (in single-column format) the file mode, the number of links
.\"O to the file, the owner name, the group name, 
.\"O the size of the file (in bytes), the timestamp, and the filename.
.\"O By default, the timestamp shown is that of the last modification; the
.\"O options \-c and \u select the other two timestamps.
.\"O For device special files the size field is commonly replaced
.\"O by the major and minor device numbers.
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¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó \-c ¤È \-u ¤Î¤È¤­¤Ï¡¢Â¾¤Î 2 ¤Ä¤Î¥¿¥¤¥à¥¹¥¿¥ó¥×¤òÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¡£
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.TP
.B "\-q"
.\"O Output nonprintable characters in a filename as question marks.
.\"O (This is permitted to be the default for output to a terminal.)
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.TP
.B "\-r"
.\"O Reverse the order of the sort.
¥½¡¼¥È¤Î½ç½ø¤òµÕ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¡£
.TP
.B "\-t"
.\"O Sort by the timestamp shown.
ɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¥¿¥¤¥à¥¹¥¿¥ó¥×¤Ç¥½¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¡£
.TP
.B "\-u"
.\"O Use the time of last access instead of the modification time
.\"O for sorting (with \-t) or listing (with \-l).
¥½¡¼¥È (\-t) ¤ä¥ê¥¹¥Èɽ¼¨ (\-l) ¤Î¤È¤­¡¢
½¤Àµ»þ¹ï¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯ºÇ½ª¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹»þ¹ï¤ò»È¤¦¡£
.TP
.B "\-1"
.\"O For single-column output.
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.\"O .SH "GNU DETAILS"
.SH GNU ¾ÜºÙ
.\"O If standard output is a terminal, 
.\"O the output is in columns (sorted vertically).
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.PP
.\"O .B dir
.\"O (also installed as
.\"O .BR d )
.\"O is equivalent to `ls \-C'; that is, files are by default listed
.\"O in columns, sorted vertically.
.B dir
.RB "(" d
¤È¤¤¤¦Ì¾Á°¤Ç¤â¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤ë) ¤Ï `ls \-C' ¤ÈÅù¤·¤¤¡£
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.\"O .B vdir
.\"O (also installed as
.\"O .BR v )
.\"O is equivalent to `ls \-l'; that is, files are by default listed in long
.\"O format.
.B vdir
.RB "(" v
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.\"O .SH "GNU OPTIONS"
.SH GNU ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó
.TP
.B "\-1, \-\-format=single-column"
.\"O List one file per line. This is the default for when standard output is
.\"O not a terminal.
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.B "\-a, \-\-all"
.\"O List all files in directories, including all files that start with `.'.
`.' ¤Ç¤Ï¤¸¤Þ¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò´Þ¤á¡¢
¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥êÃæ¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¥ê¥¹¥Èɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¡£
.TP
.B "\-b, \-\-escape, \-\-quoting\-style=escape"
.\"O Quote nongraphic characters in file names using alphabetic and octal
.\"O backslash sequences like those used in C.
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤ÎÃæ¤ÎÈóɽ¼¨Ê¸»ú¤òɽ¤¹¤¿¤á¡¢
¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¹¥é¥Ã¥·¥å¤È¥¢¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥Ù¥Ã¥È¤Î¥·¡¼¥±¥ó¥¹¤ä
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.TP
.B \-c
.\"O Sort directory contents according to the files' status change time (the
.\"O `ctime' in the inode). If the long listing format is being
.\"O .RB "used (" \-l )
.\"O print the status change time instead of the modification time.
¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ÎÆâÍƤò¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¾õÂÖÊѹ¹»þ¹ï
(inode ¤Î `ctime') ¤Ç¥½¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¡£
Ť¤¥ê¥¹¥Èɽ¼¨·Á¼°¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤ë
.RB "(" \-l
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.B "\-d, \-\-directory"
.\"O List names of directories like other files, 
.\"O rather than listing their contents.
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¾¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÈƱ¤¸¤è¤¦¤Ë¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê̾¤ò¥ê¥¹¥Èɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¡£
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.B "\-f"
.\"O Do not sort directory contents; list them in whatever order they are
.\"O stored on the disk.
.\"O Also enables
.\"O .B \-a
.\"O and disables 
.\"O .BR \-l ,
.\"O .BR \-\-color ,
.\"O and
.\"O .B \-s
.\"O if they were specified before the
.\"O .BR \-f .
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.B \-a
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.B \-f 
¤è¤êÁ°¤Ë
.BR \-l ,
.BR \-\-color ,
.B \-s
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.B \-g
.\"O Ignored; for Unix compatibility.
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.TP
.B \-h, \-\-human\-readable
.\"O Append a size letter such as \fBM\fR for megabytes to each size.
.\"O Powers of 2 are used, not 10; \fBM\fR stands for 1,048,576 bytes.
.\"O Use the \fB\-H\fR or \fB\-\-si\fR option if you prefer powers of 10.
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10 ¤ÎÎß¾è¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¤¤È¤­¤Ï \fB\-H\fR ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï \fB\-\-si\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¡£
.TP
.B "\-i, \-\-inode"
.\"O Print the inode number (also called the file serial number and index
.\"O number) of each file to the left of the file name. (This number uniquely
.\"O identifies each file within a particular filesystem)
¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤Îº¸¤Ë inode ÈÖ¹æ
(¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥ê¥¢¥ëÈÖ¹æ¤ä¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹ÈÖ¹æ¤È¤â¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë) ¤òɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¡£
(¤³¤ÎÈֹ椬¡¢¤¢¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¾å¤Î¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò
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.B "\-k, \-\-kilobytes"
.\"O If file sizes are being listed, print them in kilobytes.
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.B "\-l, \-\-format=long, \-\-format=verbose"
.\"O In addition to the name of each file, print the file type,
.\"O permissions, number of hard links, owner name, group name, size in
.\"O bytes, and timestamp (the modification time unless other times are
.\"O selected).  For files with a time that is more than 6 months old or
.\"O more than 1 hour into the future, the timestamp contains the year
.\"O instead of the time of day.
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.\"O For each directory that is listed, preface the files with a line
.\"O `total 
.\"O .IR blocks "', where " blocks " is the total disk space used by all"
.\"O files in that directory.  By default 1024-byte blocks are used, but this
.\"O value can be overriden. The \fIblocks\fR computed counts each hard link
.\"O separately; this is arguably a bug.
¥ê¥¹¥Èɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë³Æ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëɽ¼¨¤ÎÁ°¤Ë `total
.IR blocks "'"
¤È¤¤¤¦¹Ô¤òÃÖ¤¯¡£¤³¤³¤Ç¡¢
.I blocks
¤Ï¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥êÆâ¤ÎÁ´¤Æ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯ÍÆÎ̤ιç·×¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
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.\"O The permissions listed are similar to symbolic mode specifications but
.\"O .B ls
.\"O combines multiple bits into the third character of 
.\"O each set of permissions 
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.B ls
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.RS
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.B s
.\"O If the setuid or setgid bit and the corresponding executable bit are
.\"O both set.
setuid ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Þ¤¿¤Ï setgid ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¡¢
¤µ¤é¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë¼Â¹Ô¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¡£
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.B S
.\"O If the setuid or setgid bit is set but the corresponding executable bit
.\"O is not set. 
setuid ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Þ¤¿¤Ï setgid ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢
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.B t
.\"O If the sticky bit and the other-executable bit are both set.
sticky ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤È¤½¤Î¾¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¼Â¹Ô¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬¤È¤â¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¡£
.TP
.B T
.\"O If the sticky bit is set but the other-executable bit is not set.
sticky ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤ÏÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢
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.TP
.B x
.\"O If the executable bit is set and none of the above apply.
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.TP
.B -
.\"O Otherwise.
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.TP
.B "\-m, \-\-format=commas"
.\"O List files horizontally, with as many as will fit on each line,
.\"O each separated by a comma and a space.
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.TP
.B "\-n, \-\-numeric-uid-gid"
.\"O List the numeric UID and GID instead of the names.
½êÍ­¼Ô¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¡¦¥°¥ë¡¼¥×̾¤Î¤«¤ï¤ê¤Ë¿ô»ú¤Î UID ¤È GID ¤ò¥ê¥¹¥Èɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¡£
.TP
.B \-o
.\"O Produce long format directory listings, but don't display group
.\"O information.  It is equivalent to using
.\"O .BR "\-\-format=long \-\-no-group" .
.\"O This option is provided for compatibility with other versions of 
.\"O .BR ls .
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.B "\-\-format=long \-\-no-group"
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¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¾¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î
.B ls
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.TP
.B \-p, \-\-file\-type, \-\-indicator\-style=file\-type
.\"O Append a character to each file name indicating the file type. 
.\"O This is like
.\"O .B \-F
.\"O except that executables aren't marked.
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.B \-F
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.TP
.B "\-q, \-\-hide-control-chars"
.\"O Print question marks instead of nongraphic characters in file names. This
.\"O is the default if the output is a terminal and the program is \fBls\fR.
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½ÐÎϤ¬Ã¼Ëö¡¢¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬ \fBls\fR ¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.TP
.B "\-r, \-\-reverse"
.\"O Sort directory contents in reverse order.
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.TP
.B "\-s, \-\-size"
.\"O Print the disk allocation of each file to the left of the file
.\"O name.  This is the amount of disk space used by the file, which is
.\"O usually a bit more than the file's size, but it can be less if the
.\"O file has holes.
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.\"O The allocation of each file is printed in 1024-byte blocks 
.\"O to the left of the file name, but this block size may be overriden.
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.TP
.B "\-t, \-\-sort=time"
.\"O Sort by modification time (the `mtime' in the inode) instead of
.\"O alphabetically, with the newest files listed first.
¥¢¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥Ù¥Ã¥È½ç¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯½¤Àµ»þ¹ï (inode ¤Î `mtime') ¤Ç¥½¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¡£
ºÇ¤â¿·¤·¤¤¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬ºÇ½é¤Ë¤¯¤ë¡£
.TP
.B \-u
.\"O Sort directory contents according to the files' last access time
.\"O instead of the modification time (the `atime' in the inode). If the long 
.\"O listing format is being used, print the last access time instead of the
.\"O modification time.
½¤Àµ»þ¹ï¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯ºÇ½ª¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹»þ¹ï (inode ¤Î `atime') ¤Ç
¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ÎÃæ¿È¤ò¥½¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¡£
Ť¤¥ê¥¹¥Èɽ¼¨·Á¼°¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢
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.TP
.B \-v, \-\-sort=version
.\"O Sort by version name and number, lowest first.  It behaves like a
.\"O default sort, excepted that each sequence of decimal digits is
.\"O treated numericaly as an index/version number; numeric parts with
.\"O leading zeroes are considered as fractional
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¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î°ìÈÖÄ㤤¤â¤Î¤¬ºÇ½é¤Ë¤¯¤ë¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥½¡¼¥È¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÆ°ºî¤¹¤ë¤¬¡¢10 ¿Ê¤Î¿ô»ú¤Î¥·¡¼¥±¥ó¥¹¤Ï¡¢
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¥¼¥í¤òÁ°¤Ë¤â¤Ä¿ôÃÍÉôʬ¤Ï¾®¿ô¤È¤·¤Æ°·¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
.sp
.nf
.B "   ls \-1           ls \-1v"
   bar\-1.gz        bar\-1.gz
   bar\-100.gz      bar\-2.gz
   bar\-12.gz       bar\-12.gz
   bar\-2.gz        bar\-100.gz
   foo\-1.007.gz    foo\-1.007.gz
   foo\-1.012b.gz   foo\-1.01a.gz
   foo\-1.01a.gz    foo\-1.012b.gz
.fi
.sp
.TP
.BI "\-w, \-\-width " cols
.\"O Assume the screen is
.\"O .I cols
.\"O columns wide.  The default is taken from the terminal driver if
.\"O possible; otherwise the environment variable
.\"O .B COLUMNS
.\"O is used if it is set; otherwise the default is 80.
¥¹¥¯¥ê¡¼¥ó¤ÎÉý¤ò
.I cols
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¤½¤ì¤¬ÉÔ²Äǽ¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô
.B COLUMNS
¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ð¤½¤ÎÃͤò»È¤¦¡£
ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï 80 ʸ»ú¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.TP
.B "\-x, \-\-format=across, \-\-format=horizontal"
.\"O List the files in columns, sorted horizontally.
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.TP
.B "\-A, \-\-almost\-all"
.\"O List all files in directories, except for `.' and `..'.
¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥êÆâ¤Î `.' ¤È `..' °Ê³°¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¥ê¥¹¥Èɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¡£
.TP
.B "\-B, \-\-ignore\-backups"
.\"O Do not list files that end with `~', unless they are given on the
.\"O command line.
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤Ç»ØÄꤷ¤¿¾ì¹ç¤ò½ü¤¤¤Æ¡¢`~' ¤Ç½ª¤ï¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¥ê¥¹¥Èɽ¼¨¤·¤Ê¤¤¡£
.TP
.B "\-C, \-\-format=vertical"
.\"O List files in columns, sorted vertically. This is the default if standard
.\"O output is a terminal. It is always the default for 
.\"O .BR dir " and " d .
.\"O GNU \fBls\fR uses variable width columns to display as many files as
.\"O possible in the fewest lines.
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ɸ½à½ÐÎϤ¬Ã¼Ëö¤Î¤È¤­¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.BR dir " ¤È " d 
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ºÇ¤â¾¯¤Ê¤¤¹Ô¤Ç¤Ê¤ë¤Ù¤¯Â¿¤¯¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á
GNU \fBls\fR ¤Ï²ÄÊÑÉý¤ÎÎó¤ò»È¤¦¡£
.TP
.B "\-D, \-\-dired"
.\"O With the long listing (
.\"O .BR \-l  ) 
.\"O format, print an additional line after the main output:
Ť¤¥ê¥¹¥Èɽ¼¨
.RB ( \-l  )
¤È°ì½ï¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î½ÐÎϤθå¤Ë°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÄɲäιԤòɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¡§
.sp
.nf
.B "   //DIRED//"
.I "   BEG1 END1 BEG2 END2 ..."
.fi
.sp
.\"O The
.\"O .IR BEGn " and " ENDn
.\"O are unsigned integers which record the byte position of
.\"O the beginning and end of each file name in the output. This makes it easy
.\"O for Emacs to find the names, even when they contain unusual characters
.\"O such as space or newline, without fancy searching.
.IR BEGn " ¤È " ENDn
¤ÏÉä¹æ¤Ê¤·À°¿ô¤Ç¡¢¥ê¥¹¥È½ÐÎϤˤª¤±¤ë
³Æ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤Î»Ï¤á¤È½ª¤ï¤ê¤Î¥Ð¥¤¥È°ÌÃÖ¤òµ­Ï¿¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»È¤¦¤È¡¢
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤Ë¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤ä²þ¹Ô¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿ÉáÃʻȤï¤Ê¤¤Ê¸»ú¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤â¡¢
Emacs ¤Ç¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤òõ¤¹¤Î¤¬ (¥Õ¥¡¥ó¥·¡¼¸¡º÷ (fancy searching) ¤ò»È¤ï
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.\"O If directories are being listed recursively
.\"O .RB ( \-R ),
.\"O output a similar line after each subdirectory:
¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤¬ºÆµ¢Åª¤Ë¥ê¥¹¥Èɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë
.RB ( \-R
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î) ¾ì¹ç¡¢³Æ¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î¸å¤Ë°Ê²¼¤è¤¦¤Ê¹Ô¤ò½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¡§
.sp
.nf
.B "   //SUBDIRED//"
.I "   BEG1 END1 ..."
.fi
.sp
.\"O Finally, output a line like
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.sp
.nf
.B "   //DIRED-OPTIONS// \-\-quoting-style=\fIWORD\fR"
.fi
.sp
.\"O where \fIWORD\fR is the quoting style.
¤³¤³¤Ç \fIWORD\fR ¤Ï¥¯¥©¡¼¥È¤Î¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.TP
.B "\-F, \-\-classify
.\"O Same as \fB\-\-indicator\-style=classify.
\fB\-\-indicator\-style=classify\fR ¤ÈƱ¤¸¡£
.TP
.B "\-G, \-\-no\-group"
.\"O Inhibit display of group information in a long format directory listing.
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.TP
.B \-H, \-\-si
.\"O Append a size letter such as \fBM\fR for megabytes to each size.  (SI
.\"O is the International System of Units, which defines these letters
.\"O as prefixes)  Powers of 10 are used, not 2; \fBM\fR stands for
.\"O 1,000,000 bytes.  Use the \fB\-h\fR or \fB\-\-human\-readable\fR option if
.\"O you prefer powers of 2.
¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥µ¥¤¥º¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¡¢
Î㤨¤Ð¥á¥¬¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Ê¤é \fBM\fR ¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¥µ¥¤¥ºÊ¸»ú¤òÉղ乤ë
(SI¤È¤Ï¹ñºÝñ°Ì·Ï¤Î¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤Îʸ»ú¤òÀÜƬ¼­¤ÈÄêµÁ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë)¡£
2 ¤ÎÎß¾è¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯ 10 ¤ÎÎß¾è¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢
\fBM\fR ¤Ï 1,000,000 ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤òɽ¤¹¡£
2 ¤ÎÎß¾è¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¤¤È¤­¤Ï \fB\-h\fR ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï
\fB\-\-human\-readable\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¡£
.TP
.BI "\-I, \-\-ignore=" pattern
.\"O Do not list files whose names match the shell pattern
.\"O .I pattern
.\"O (not regular expression) unless they are given on the command line.  As
.\"O in the shell, an initial `.' in a filename does not match a wildcard at
.\"O the start of 
.\"O .IR pattern .
.\"O For example,
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤ÇÍ¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤Ê¤¤¸Â¤ê¡¢
¥·¥§¥ë¥Ñ¥¿¡¼¥ó 
.I pattern
(Ãí¡§Àµµ¬É½¸½¤È¤Ï°Û¤Ê¤ë) ¤Ë¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë̾Á°¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¥ê¥¹¥Èɽ¼¨¤·¤Ê¤¤¡£
¥·¥§¥ë¤ÈƱÍͤˡ¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤ÎÀèƬ¤Ë¤¢¤ë `.' ¤Ï
.I pattern
¤Î»Ï¤á¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É¤Ë¤Ï¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤·¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢
.sp
.nf
lightside:~% ls \-\-ignore='.??*' \-\-ignore='.[^.]' \e
   \-\-ignore='#*'
.fi       
.sp
.\"O The first option ignores names of length 3 or more that start with
.\"O `.', the second ignores all two-character names that start with `.'
.\"O except `..', and the third ignores names that start with `#'.
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¤µ¤é¤Ë¡¢3 ¤ÄÌܤΥª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬ `#' ¤Ç»Ï¤Þ¤ë̾Á°¤ò¥ê¥¹¥È¤«¤é½ü³°¤¹¤ë¡£
.TP
.B "\-L, \-\-dereference"
.\"O List the file information corresponding to the referrents of symbolic
.\"O links rather for the links themselves.
¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã¥¯¥ê¥ó¥¯¤½¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢
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.B "\-N, \-\-literal"
.\"O Do not quote file names.
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾Ãæ¤ÎÈóɽ¼¨Ê¸»ú¤ÎÊÑ´¹¤ò¹Ô¤ï¤Ê¤¤¡£
.TP
.B "\-Q, \-\-quote\-name, \-\-quoting\-style=c"
.\"O Enclose file names in double quotes and quote nongraphic characters as
.\"O in C.
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¤µ¤é¤Ë¡¢Èóɽ¼¨Ê¸»ú¤ò C ¸À¸ì¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë·Á¼°¤ËÊÑ´¹¤·¤Æɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¡£
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.B "\-R, \-\-recursive"
.\"O List the contents of all directories recursively.
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.B "\-S, \-\-sort=size"
.\"O Sort directory contents by file size instead of alphabetically, with
.\"O the largest files listed first.
¥¢¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥Ù¥Ã¥È½ç¤Ç¤Ê¤¯¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥µ¥¤¥º¤Ç¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ÎÃæ¿È¤ò¥½¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¡£
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.BI "\-T, \-\-tabsize " cols
.\"O Assume that each tabstop is
.\"O .I cols
.\"O columns wide.  The default is 8. 
.\"O .B ls
.\"O uses tabs where possible in the output, for efficiency. If 
.\"O .I cols 
.\"O is zero, do not use tabs at all.
¥¿¥Ö¥¹¥È¥Ã¥×¤ÎÉý¤ò
.I cols
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.B ls
¤Ï¸úΨ¤ò¤è¤¯¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë½ÐÎÏÃæ¤Î²Äǽ¤Ê¾ì½ê¤Ç¥¿¥Ö¤ò»È¤¦¡£
.I cols
¤¬¥¼¥í¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢¥¿¥Ö¤ò¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯»È¤ï¤Ê¤¤¡£
.TP
.B "\-U, \-\-sort=none"
.\"O Do not sort directory contents; list them in whatever order they are
.\"O stored on the disk. (The difference between 
.\"O .BR \-U " and " \-f 
.\"O is that the later doesn't disable or enable options). This is especially
.\"O useful when listing very large directories, since not doing any sorting
.\"O can be noticeably faster.
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.RB ( \-U 
¤È
.B \-f
¤Î°ã¤¤¤Ï¡¢\-f ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬Â¾¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò
Í­¸ú¤Ë¤·¤¿¤ê̵¸ú¤Ë¤·¤¿¤ê¤¹¤ëÅÀ¤Ë¤¢¤ë)¡£
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¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÏÆäËÍ­ÍѤǤ¢¤ë¡£
¤Ê¤¼¤Ê¤é¡¢¥½¡¼¥È¤ò¤·¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤êÃø¤·¤¯Â®¤¯¤Ç¤­¤ë¤«¤é¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.TP
.B "\-X, \-\-sort=extension"
.\"O Sort directory contents alphabetically by file extension (characters
.\"O after the last `.'); files with no extension are sorted first.     
¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ÎÃæ¿È¤ò¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë³ÈÄ¥»Ò (ºÇ¸å¤Î `.' ¤Î¸å¤Ë¤Ä¤Å¤¯Ê¸»úÎó) ¤Î
¥¢¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥Ù¥Ã¥È½ç¤Ë¥½¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¡£
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.B \-\-block\-size=\fISIZE
.\"O Set the block size to \fISIZE\fR, overriding the value of the environment
.\"O variables.
´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¤ÎÃͤò¾å½ñ¤­¤·¤Æ¡¢¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¥µ¥¤¥º¤ò \fISIZE\fR ¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£
.TP
.BI "\-\-color[=" when ]
.\"O Specify whether to use color for distinguishing file types.
.\"O Colors are specified using the LS_COLORS environment variable.
.\"O For information on how to set this variable, see 
.\"O .BR dircolors (1). 
.\"O .I when
.\"O may be omitted, or one of:
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥¿¥¤¥×¤ò¶èÊ̤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¿§¤Å¤±¤Î̵ͭ¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¡£
¿§¤Ï´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô LS_COLORS ¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¡£
¤³¤ÎÊÑ¿ô¤ÎÀßÄêË¡¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¾ðÊó¤Ï
.BR dircolors (1)
¤ò»²¾È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡£
.I when
¤Ï¾Êά¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
°Ê²¼¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤« 1 ¤Ä¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤ë¡§
.RS
.TP
.B none
.\"O Do not use color at all. This is the default.
¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯¿§¤Å¤±¤·¤Ê¤¤¡£¤³¤ì¤¬¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.TP
.B auto
.\"O Only use color if standard output is a terminal.
ɸ½à½ÐÎϤ¬Ã¼Ëö¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Î¤ß¿§¤Å¤±¤¹¤ë¡£
.TP
.B always
.\"O Always use color.  Specifying 
.\"O .B \-\-color
.\"O and no 
.\"O .I when
.\"O is equivalent to
.\"O .BR "\-\-color=always" .
¾ï¤Ë¿§¤Å¤±¤¹¤ë¡£
.B \-\-color
¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Æ
.I when
¤Ë²¿¤Ë¤â»ØÄꤷ¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ï
.B \-\-color=always
¤ÈÅù¤·¤¤¡£
.RE
.TP
.B "\-\-full-time"
.\"O List times in full, rather than using the standard abbreviation
.\"O heuristics. The format is the same as 
.\"O .BR date (1)'s
.\"O default; it's not possible to change this, but you can extract out the
.\"O date string with 
.\"O .BR cut (1)
.\"O and then pass the result to `date \-d'.
»þ¹ï¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¾ðÊó¤òɸ½à¤Î¾Êά·Á¼°¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯´°Á´¤Ê·Á¼°¤Ç¥ê¥¹¥Èɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¡£
»þ¹ï¤Îɽ¼¨·Á¼°¤Ï
.BR date (1)
¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÈƱ¤¸¡£¤³¤Î·Á¼°¤ÏÊѹ¹¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢
»þ¹ï¤Îʸ»úÎó¤ò
.BR cut (1)
¤Ç¼è¤ê½Ð¤·¡¢·ë²Ì¤ò `date \-d' ¤ËÅϤ¹¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£

.\"O This is most useful because the time output includes the seconds.
.\"O (Unix filesystems store file timestamps only to the nearest
.\"O second, so this option shows all the information there is.)  For
.\"O example, this can help when you have a Makefile that is not
.\"O regenerating files properly.                   
»þ¹ï¤Î½ÐÎϤËÉÃñ°Ì¤Î¾ðÊó¤ò´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¤È¤Æ¤âÍ­ÍѤǤ¢¤ë¡£
(Unix ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ï¡¢
»Í¼Î¸ÞÆþ¤·¤¿ÉÃñ°Ì¤Þ¤Ç¤Î¥¿¥¤¥à¥¹¥¿¥ó¥×¤·¤«»ý¤¿¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢
¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¥¿¥¤¥à¥¹¥¿¥ó¥×¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¾ðÊó¤òɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¡£)
Î㤨¤Ð¡¢Makefile ¤Ç¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÀµ¤·¤¯ºÆÀ¸À®¤·¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë
¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬ÌòΩ¤Ä¡£
.TP
.B \-\-indicator\-style=\fIWORD
.\"O Append a character to each file name indicating the file type, 
.\"O and depending on \fIWORD\fR:
³Æ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤Ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥¿¥¤¥×¤ò¼¨¤¹Ê¸»ú¤òÉղ乤롣
Éղ䵤ì¤ëʸ»ú¤Ï \fIWORD\fR ¤Ë°Í¸¤¹¤ë¡§
.RS
.TP
.B none
.\"O Do not append any character indicator; this is the default behaviour
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥¿¥¤¥×¤ò¼¨¤¹Ê¸»ú¤òÉղ䷤ʤ¤¡£¤³¤ì¤¬¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÎÆ°ºî¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.TP
.B file\-type
.\"O Append `/' for directories, `@' for symbolic links, `|' for FIFOs, `=' for
.\"O sockets, and nothing for regular files.  This is the same as \fB\-p\fR or
.\"O \fB\-\-file\-type\fR.
¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë `/' ¤ò¡¢¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã¥¯¥ê¥ó¥¯¤Ë `@' ¤ò¡¢
FIFO ¤Ë `|' ¤ò¡¢¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¤Ë `=' ¤òÉղ乤롣
Ä̾ï¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤Ï²¿¤â¤Ä¤±¤Ê¤¤¡£
\fB\-p\fR ¤È \fB\-\-file\-type\fR ¤ËÅù¤·¤¤¡£
.TP
.B classify
.\"O As \fBfile\-type\fR, but also append a `*' for execultables.  This is the
.\"O same as \fB\-F\fR or \fB\-\-classify\fR.
\fBfile\-type\fR ¤ÈƱ¤¸¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¢
¤µ¤é¤Ë¼Â¹Ô²Äǽ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤Ï `*' ¤ò¤Ä¤±¤ë¡£
\fB\-F\fR ¤È \fB\-\-classify\fR ¤ËÅù¤·¤¤¡£
.RE
.TP
.B \-\-quoting\-style\=\fIWORD
.\"O Use style \fIWORD\fR to quote output names. 
.\"O The \fIWORD\fR should be one of the following:
½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤ò¥¯¥©¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢
\fIWORD\fR ¤Ç»Ø¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¡£
\fIWORD\fR ¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡§
.RS
.TP
.B literal
.\"O Output names as\-is.  This is the default behaviour, 
.\"O although it may change to shell in future versions.
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤ò¤½¤Î¤Þ¤Þ½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤¬¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÎÆ°ºî¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¢
¾­Íè¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Ï shell ¤¬¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
.TP
.B shell
.\"O Quote names for the shell if they contain shell metacharacters or would
.\"O cause ambiguous output.
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤¬¥·¥§¥ë¤Î¥á¥¿¥­¥ã¥é¥¯¥¿¤ò´Þ¤à¾ì¹ç¤ä¡¢
¥·¥§¥ë¤Ë¤è¤¯¤ï¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤½ÐÎϤò°ú¤­µ¯¤³¤µ¤»¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤ò¥¯¥©¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¡£
.TP
.B shell\-always
.\"O Quote names for the shell, 
.\"O even if they would normally not require quoting.
Ä̾ï¤Ï¥¯¥©¡¼¥È¤òɬÍפȤ·¤Ê¤¤¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤â¡¢¥¯¥©¡¼¥È¤ò¹Ô¤¦¡£
.TP
.B c
.\"O Quote names as for a C language string; this is the same as \fB\-Q\fR or
.\"O \fB\-\-quote\-name\fR.
C ¸À¸ì¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ëʸ»úÎó¤Î·Á¼°¤Ç¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤ò¥¯¥©¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¡£
\fB\-Q\fR ¤È \fB\-\-quote\-name\fR ¤ËÅù¤·¤¤¡£
.TP
.B escape
.\"O Quote as with \fBc\fR except omit the surrounding double-quote characters;
.\"O this is the same as \fB\-b\fR or \fB\-\-escape\fR.
\fBc\fR ¤ÈƱ¤¸¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤ò°Ï¤à¥À¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥©¡¼¥Èʸ»ú¤ò¾Êά¤¹¤ë¡£
\fB\-b\fR ¤È \fB\-\-escape\fR ¤ËÅù¤·¤¤¡£
.TP
.B locale
.\"O Like \fBc\fR sytle but with appropiate locale specific quoting symbols \"like
.\"O this\".
\fBc\fR ·Á¼°¤È»÷¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢
"¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë" ŬÀÚ¤Ê¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¸ÇÍ­¤Î¥¯¥©¡¼¥È¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤ò»È¤¦¡£
.TP
.B clocale
.\"O Like \fBc\fR sytle but with appropiate locale specific quoting symbols `like
.\"O this'.
\fBc\fR ·Á¼°¤È»÷¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢
`¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë' ŬÀÚ¤Ê¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¸ÇÍ­¤Î¥¯¥©¡¼¥È¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤ò»È¤¦¡£
.PP
.\"O You can specify the default value of the \fB\-\-quoting-style\fR option
.\"O with the environment variable \fBQUOTING_STYLE\fR.
\fB\-\-quoting-style\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÎÃͤÏ
´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô \fBQUOTING_STYLE\fR ¤Ç»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.RE
.TP
.B \-\-show\-control\-chars
.\"O Print nongraphic characters as-is in file names.  This is the
.\"O default unless the output is a terminal and the program is \fBls\fR.
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤ÎÃæ¤ÎÈóɽ¼¨Ê¸»ú¤ò¤½¤Î¤Þ¤Þ½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¡£
½ÐÎϤ¬Ã¼Ëö¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¤«¡¢¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬ \fBls\fR ¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.TP
.B "\-\-time=atime, \-\-time=access"
.\"O When used along with \fB\-\-sort=time\fR or \fB\-t\fR, 
.\"O this is equivalent to \fB\-u\fR (sort by atime).  
.\"O When used with options that normally print times, 
.\"O print each file's last access time, 
.\"O instead of it's last modification time.
\fB\-\-sort=time\fR ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï \fB\-t\fR ¤È°ì½ï¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤È¡¢
\fB\-u\fR (atime ¤Ç¥½¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë) ¤ÈÅù¤·¤¯¤Ê¤ë¡£
ÉáÄ̤˻þ¹ï¤òɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤È°ì½ï¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤È¡¢
³Æ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎºÇ½ª½¤Àµ»þ¹ï¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯ºÇ½ª¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹»þ¹ï¤òɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¡£
.TP
.B \-\-time=ctime, \-\-time=status, \-\-time=use
.\"O When used along with \fB\-\-sort=time\fR or \fB\-t\fR, 
.\"O this is equivalent to \fB\-c\fR (sort by ctime).  
.\"O When used with options that normally print times, 
.\"O print each file's inode last change time, 
.\"O instead of it's last modification time.
\fB\-\-sort=time\fR ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï \fB\-t\fR ¤È°ì½ï¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤È¡¢
\fB\-c\fR (ctime ¤Ç¥½¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë) ¤ÈÅù¤·¤¯¤Ê¤ë¡£
ÉáÄ̤˻þ¹ï¤òɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤È°ì½ï¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤È¡¢
³Æ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎºÇ½ª½¤Àµ»þ¹ï¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯ inode ¤ÎºÇ½ªÊѹ¹»þ¹ï¤òɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH "GNU STANDARD OPTIONS"
.SH GNU ɸ½à¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó
.TP
.B "\-\-help"
.\"O Print a usage message on standard output and exit successfully.
ɸ½à½ÐÎϤ˻ÈÍÑÊýË¡¤Î¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤ò½ÐÎϤ·¤ÆÀµ¾ï½ªÎ»¤¹¤ë¡£
.TP
.B "\-\-version"
.\"O Print version information on standard output, then exit successfully.
ɸ½à½ÐÎϤ˥С¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¾ðÊó¤ò½ÐÎϤ·¤ÆÀµ¾ï½ªÎ»¤¹¤ë¡£
.TP
.B "\-\-"
.\"O Terminate option list.
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¥ê¥¹¥È¤Î½ª¤ê¤ò¼¨¤¹¡£
.\"O .SH BLOCK SIZE
.SH ¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¥µ¥¤¥º
.\"O The default output file block size is 1024 bytes 
.\"O (or 512 if \fBPOSIXLY_CORRECT\fR).
.\"O You may change this value  by setting any of the following environment
.\"O variables, which are overriden 
.\"O if a \fB\-\-block\-size=\fISIZE\fR is given.
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î½ÐÎÏ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¥µ¥¤¥º¤Ï
1024 ¥Ð¥¤¥È (\fBPOSIXLY_CORRECT\fR ¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤­¤Ï 512 ¥Ð¥¤¥È) ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤³¤ÎÃͤϰʲ¼¤Î´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¤Î¤É¤ì¤«¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤ÇÊѹ¹¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤Þ¤¿¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤Î´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¤ÎÃÍ¤Ï \fB\-\-block\-size=\fISIZE\fR ¤¬
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ËÍ¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤ë¤È̵»ë¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
.TP
.\"O In order of precedence:
Í¥Àè½ç°Ì:
.BR LS_BLOCK_SIZE ", " BLOCK_SIZE ", " POSIXLY_CORRECT .
.PP
.\"O The values for these variables can be either a number, 
.\"O \fBhuman\-readable\fR, or \fBsi\fR.  
.\"O Numbers may be followed by a size letter to specify a multiple of that
.\"O size, and a \fBB\fR to select normal bytes or a \fBD\fR to select
.\"O decimal "commercial" bytes.  For example `BLOCK_SIZE=1KB' is equal to
.\"O `BLOCK_SIZE=1024' and `BLOCK_SIZE=1KD' is equal to `BLOCK_SIZE=1000'
¤³¤ì¤é¤ÎÊÑ¿ô¤ÎÃͤϡ¢¿ô»ú¤Ç¤â \fBhuman\-readable\fR ¤Ç¤â \fBsi\fR ¤Ç¤â¤è¤¤¡£
¿ô»ú¤Î¸å¤Ë¤Ï¡¢²¿ÇܤǤ¢¤ë¤«¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¥µ¥¤¥ºÊ¸»ú¤È¡¢
Ä̾ï¤Î¥Ð¥¤¥È¤òÁªÂò¤¹¤ë \fBB\fR ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï
10 ¿Ê¤Î¡Ö¾¦¶ÈÍѡץХ¤¥È¤òÁªÂò¤¹¤ë \fBD\fR ¤ò³¤±¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤¡£
¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢`BLOCK_SIZE=1KB' ¤Ï `BLOCK_SIZE=1024' ¤ËÅù¤·¤¯¡¢
`BLOCK_SIZE=1KD' ¤Ï `BLOCK_SIZE=1000' ¤ËÅù¤·¤¤¡£

.\"O The following letters are recognized (and used when printing with
.\"O \fB\-\-human\-readable\fR or \fB\-\-si\fR)
°Ê²¼¤Îʸ»ú¤¬Ç§¼±¤µ¤ì¤ë 
(¤Þ¤¿ \fB\-\-human\-readable\fR ¤È 
\fB\-\-si\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Çɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¤È¤­¤ËÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤ë)
.TP
.B k
.\"O kilo: 2^10 = 1024 for \fB\-\-human-readable\fR, 
.\"O or 10^3 = 1000 for \fB\-\-si\fR
¥­¥í: \fB\-\-human-readable\fR ¤Ê¤é 2^10 = 1024¡¢
\fB\-\-si\fR ¤Ê¤é 10^3 = 1000 
.TP
.B M
.\"O Mega: 2^20 = 1,048,576 or 10^6 = 1,000,000
¥á¥¬: 2^20 = 1,048,576 ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï 10^6 = 1,000,000
.TP
.B G
.\"O Giga: 2^30 = 1,073,741,824 or 10^9 = 1,000,000,000
¥®¥¬: 2^30 = 1,073,741,824 ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï 10^9 = 1,000,000,000
.TP
.B T
.\"O Tera: 2^40 = 1,099,511,627,776 or 10^12 = 1,000,000,000,000
¥Æ¥é: 2^40 = 1,099,511,627,776 ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï 10^12 = 1,000,000,000,000
.TP
.B P
.\"O Peta: 2^50 = 1,125,899,906,842,624 or 10^15 = 1,000,000,000,000,000
¥Ú¥¿: 2^50 = 1,125,899,906,842,624 ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï 10^15 = 1,000,000,000,000,000
.TP
.B E
.\"O Exa: 2^60 = 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 or 10^18 = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000
¥¨¥¯¥µ: 2^60 = 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï 
10^18 = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000
.TP
.B Z
.\"O Zetta: 2^70 = 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 or 10^21 =
.\"O 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
¥¼¥¿: 2^70 = 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï
10^21 = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
.TP
.B Y
.\"O Yotta: 2^80 = 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 or 10^24 =
.\"O 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
¥è¥¿: 2^80 = 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï
10^24 = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
.\"O .SH ENVIRONMENT
.SH ´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô
.\"O The variables LS_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and POSIXLY_CORRECT determine the
.\"O choice of the output file block size.
.\"O The variable COLUMNS (when it contains the representation of a decimal
.\"O integer) determines the output column width (for use with the \-C option).
.\"O Filenames must not be truncated to make them fit a multi-column output.
.\"O The variable QUOTING_STYLE determines the quoting style for output.
.\"O The variable LS_COLORS is used to specify the colors used.
.\"O The variables LANG, LC_ALL, LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES and LC_TIME
.\"O have the usual meaning.
.\"O The variable TZ gives the time zone for time strings written by
.\"O .BR ls .
ÊÑ¿ô LS_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE, POSIXLY_CORRECT ¤Ï
½ÐÎÏ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¥µ¥¤¥º¤ÎÁªÂò¤ò·èÄꤹ¤ë¡£
ÊÑ¿ô COLUMNS ¤Ï (10 ¿Ê¤ÎÀ°¿ôɽ¸½¤ò´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç)¡¢
(\-C ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¤ë) ½ÐÎϤÎÎó¤ÎÉý¤ò·èÄꤹ¤ë¡£
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤ÏÊ£¿ôÎó¤Ç¤Î½ÐÎϤˤ¢¤ï¤»¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ëû¤¯¤µ¤ì¤¿¤ê¤Ï¤·¤Ê¤¤¡£
ÊÑ¿ô QUOTING_STYLE ¤Ï½ÐÎϤΥ¯¥©¡¼¥È¤Î¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¤ò·èÄꤹ¤ë¡£
ÊÑ¿ô LS_COLORS ¤Ï»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¿§¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
ÊÑ¿ô LANG, LC_ALL, LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES, LC_TIME 
¤¬Ä̾ï¤Î°ÕÌ£¤ò»ý¤Ä¡£
ÊÑ¿ô TZ ¤Ï
.B ls
¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ½ñ¤­½Ð¤µ¤ì¤ë»þ¹ï¤Îʸ»úÎó¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î¥¿¥¤¥à¥¾¡¼¥ó¤òÍ¿¤¨¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH BUGS
.SH ¥Ð¥°
.\"O On BSD systems, the
.\"O .B "\-s"
.\"O option reports sizes that are half the correct values for files that are
.\"O NFS-mounted from HP-UX systems. On HP-UX systems,
.\"O .B ls
.\"O reports sizes that
.\"O are twice the correct values for files that are NFS-mounted from BSD
.\"O systems. This is due to a flaw in HP-UX; it also affects the HP-UX
.\"O .B ls
.\"O program.
BSD ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï¡¢HP-UX ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤«¤é NFS ¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤·¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¡¢
.B "\-s"
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤ÏÀµ¤·¤¤ÃͤÎȾʬ¤ÎÃͤòɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¡£
HP-UX ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï¡¢BSD ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤«¤é NFS ¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤·¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¡¢
.B ls 
¤ÏÀµ¤·¤¤ÃͤΠ2 ÇܤÎÃͤòɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ï HP-UX ¤Î·ç´Ù¤Ë¤è¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¡¢HP-UX ¤Î 
.B ls
¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ë¤â±Æ¶Á¤òµÚ¤Ü¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH ½àµò
POSIX 1003.2
.\"O .SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH ´ØÏ¢¹àÌÜ
.BR dircolors (1)
.\"O .SH NOTES
.SH Ãí°Õ
.\"O This page describes
.\"O .B ls
.\"O as found in the fileutils-4.1 package;
.\"O other versions may differ slightly. Mail corrections and additions to
.\"O aeb@cwi.nl and aw@mail1.bet1.puv.fi and ragnar@ragnar-hojland.com
.\"O Report bugs in the program to bug-fileutils@gnu.org.
¤³¤Î¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Ï fileutils-4.1 ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤Î
.B ls
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÀâÌÀ¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë;
¤½¤Î¾¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Ï¾¯¤·°ã¤¤¤¬¤¢¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
½¤Àµ¤äÄÉ²Ã¤Ï aeb@cwi.nl, aw@mail1.bet1.puv.fi, ragnar@ragnar-hojland.com
°¸¤Ë¥á¡¼¥ë¤ÇÏ¢Íí¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Î¥Ð¥°¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï bug-fileutils@gnu.org ¤ØÊó¹ð¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£