1 .\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
2 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
4 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
9 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
10 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
11 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
12 .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
13 .\" must display the following acknowledgement:
14 .\" This product includes software developed by the University of
15 .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
16 .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17 .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18 .\" without specific prior written permission.
20 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
32 .\" From: @(#)routed.8 6.6 (Berkeley) 3/16/91
33 .\" From: @(#)routed.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93
34 .\" From: NetBSD: routed.8,v 1.6 1995/03/18 15:00:38 cgd Exp
35 .\" $Id: routed.8,v 1.1.1.1 2000/10/19 08:22:16 ysato Exp $
37 .\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 2001 Yuichi SATO
38 .\" all rights reserved.
39 .\" Translated Sun Jan 14 21:05:08 JST 2001
40 .\" by Yuichi SATO <sato@complex.eng.hokudai.ac.jp>
42 .\"WORD: destination ÅþãÀè
46 .Os "Linux NetKit (0.17)"
50 .\"O .Nd network routing daemon
51 .Nd ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Ç¡¼¥â¥ó
64 .\"O is invoked at boot time to manage the network routing tables.
65 .\"O The routing daemon uses a variant of the Xerox NS Routing
66 .\"O Information Protocol in maintaining up to date kernel routing
69 ¤Ï¡¢¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Î¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ò´ÉÍý¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢¥Ö¡¼¥È»þ¤Ëµ¯Æ°¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
70 ¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Ç¡¼¥â¥ó¤Ï¡¢
71 Xerox NS ¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¾ðÊó¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë
72 (Routing Information Protocol) ¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤ò»È¤¦¡£
73 ¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤òºÇ¿·¤ËÊݤġ£
74 .\"O It used a generalized protocol capable of use with multiple
75 .\"O address types, but is currently used only for Internet routing
76 .\"O within a cluster of networks.
77 ¤³¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ï¡¢Ê£¿ô¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¥¿¥¤¥×¤ò»ÈÍѤǤ¤ë°ìÈ̲½¤·¤¿¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤ò»È¤¦¡£
78 ¤·¤«¤·¡¢¸½ºß¤Î¤È¤³¤í¤Ï¡¢¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¯¥é¥¹¥¿Æâ¤Ç
79 ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Î¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¤ò¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤À¤±¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
81 .\"O In normal operation
89 .\"O for routing information packets. If the host is an
90 .\"O internetwork router, it periodically supplies copies
91 .\"O of its routing tables to any directly connected hosts
96 ¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¾ðÊó¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤òÂԤĤ¿¤á¤Ë¡¢
103 ¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¤ÎÀܳ¤òÂԤġ£
104 ¥Û¥¹¥È¤¬¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯´Ö¤Î¥ë¡¼¥¿¤Ç¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢
106 ¤Ï¡¢Ä¾ÀÜÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëÁ´¤Æ¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤È¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Ë¡¢
107 ¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ÎÊ£À½¤òÄê´üŪ¤ËÄ󶡤¹¤ë¡£
111 .\"O is started, it uses the
115 .\"O directly connected interfaces configured into the
116 .\"O system and marked ``up'' (the software loopback interface
117 .\"O is ignored). If multiple interfaces
118 .\"O are present, it is assumed that the host will forward packets
119 .\"O between networks.
122 ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ÇÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢
123 ¤«¤Ä ``up'' ¤È¥Þ¡¼¥¯¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë
124 ľÀÜÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤òõ¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢
127 ¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤ë (¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¥ë¡¼¥×¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ï̵»ë¤µ¤ì¤ë)¡£
128 Ê£¿ô¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢
129 ¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ï¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯´Ö¤Ç¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤òžÁ÷¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤È²¾Äꤵ¤ì¤ë¡£
131 .\"O then transmits a
133 .\"O packet on each interface (using a broadcast packet if
134 .\"O the interface supports it) and enters a loop, listening
139 .\"O packets from other hosts.
144 ¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤ò³Æ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤«¤éÁ÷¿®¤¹¤ë
145 (¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤¬¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢¥Ö¥í¡¼¥É¥¥ã¥¹¥È¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤ò»È¤¦)¡£
152 ¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤ÎÀܳ¤òÂԤĥ롼¥×¤ËÆþ¤ë¡£
156 .\"O packet is received,
158 .\"O formulates a reply based on the information maintained in its
159 .\"O internal tables. The
161 .\"O packet generated contains a list of known routes, each marked
162 .\"O with a ``hop count'' metric (a count of 16, or greater, is
163 .\"O considered ``infinite''). The metric associated with each
164 .\"O route returned provides a metric
165 .\"O .Em relative to the sender .
167 ¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤ò¼õ¿®¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢
169 ¤ÏÆâÉô¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Ç´ÉÍý¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ðÊó¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¤¤Æ¥ê¥×¥é¥¤¤òºîÀ®¤¹¤ë¡£
172 ¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤Ë¤Ï´ûÃΤΥ롼¥È¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¡¢
173 ³Æ¥ë¡¼¥È¤Ë¤Ï¡Ö¥Û¥Ã¥×¥«¥¦¥ó¥È¡×¥á¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤¬ÉÕ¤¯
174 (16 °Ê¾å¤Î¥Û¥Ã¥×¥«¥¦¥ó¥È¤Ï¡Ö̵¸ÂÂç¡×¤È¤ß¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤ë)¡£
175 ¤³¤³¤ÇÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤¿³Æ¥ë¡¼¥È¤Î¥á¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤Ï¡¢
176 .Em Á÷¿®¼Ô¤«¤é¤ÎÁêÂÐŪ¤Ê
180 .\"O packets received by
182 .\"O are used to update the routing tables if one of the following
183 .\"O conditions is satisfied:
184 °Ê²¼¤Î¾ò·ï¤òËþ¤¿¤¹¾ì¹ç¡¢
189 ¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ò¹¹¿·¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë:
192 .\"O No routing table entry exists for the destination network
193 .\"O or host, and the metric indicates the destination is ``reachable''
194 .\"O (i.e. the hop count is not infinite).
195 ÅþãÀè¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Þ¤¿¤ÏÅþãÀè¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î
196 ¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬Â¸ºß¤»¤º¡¢
197 ¤«¤ÄÅþãÀè¤ò¼¨¤¹¥á¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤¬¡ÖÅþã²Äǽ¡×¤Ç¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç
198 (¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢¥Û¥Ã¥×¥«¥¦¥ó¥È¤¬Ìµ¸ÂÂç¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç)¡£
200 .\"O The source host of the packet is the same as the router in the
201 .\"O existing routing table entry. That is, updated information is
202 .\"O being received from the very internetwork router through which
203 .\"O packets for the destination are being routed.
204 ¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤ÎÁ÷¿®¸µ¥Û¥¹¥È¤¬¡¢
205 ´û¸¤Î¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯´Ö¥ë¡¼¥¿¤ÈƱ¤¸¾ì¹ç¡£
206 ¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢ÅþãÀè¤Ø¤Î¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤ò¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¤¹¤ë
207 ¥ë¡¼¥¿¤½¤Î¤â¤Î¤«¤é¡¢¹¹¿·¤µ¤ì¤¿¾ðÊó¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ë¾ì¹ç¡£
209 .\"O The existing entry in the routing table has not been updated for
210 .\"O some time (defined to be 90 seconds) and the route is at least
211 .\"O as cost effective as the current route.
212 ¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Î´û¸¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬
213 °ìÄê´ü´Ö (90 ÉäÈÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë) ¹¹¿·¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤é¤º¡¢
214 ¤³¤Î¥ë¡¼¥È¤¬¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â¸½ºß¤Î¥ë¡¼¥È¤ÈƱ¤¸¤¯¤é¤¤Í¸ú¤Ê²ÁÃͤ¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¡£
216 .\"O The new route describes a shorter route to the destination than
217 .\"O the one currently stored in the routing tables; the metric of
218 .\"O the new route is compared against the one stored in the table
220 ¿·¤·¤¤¥ë¡¼¥È¤¬¡¢¸½ºß¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Ë³ÊǼ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥ë¡¼¥È¤ÈÈæ¤Ù¤Æ¡¢
221 ÅþãÀè¤Ø¤Î¤è¤êû¤¤¥ë¡¼¥È¤òɽ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¡£
222 ¤³¤ì¤ò·èÄꤹ¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢¿·¤·¤¤¥ë¡¼¥È¤Î¥á¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤ò
223 ¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Ë³ÊǼ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥ë¡¼¥È¤Î¥á¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤ÈÈæ³Ó¤¹¤ë¡£
226 .\"O When an update is applied,
228 .\"O records the change in its internal tables and updates the kernel
230 .\"O The change is reflected in the next
235 ¤ÏÆâÉô¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ÎÊѹ¹¤òµÏ¿¤·¡¢¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ò¹¹¿·¤¹¤ë¡£
238 ¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤òÁ÷¿®¤¹¤ëºÝ¤ËÈ¿±Ç¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
240 .\"O In addition to processing incoming packets,
242 .\"O also periodically checks the routing table entries.
243 .\"O If an entry has not been updated for 3 minutes, the entry's metric
244 .\"O is set to infinity and marked for deletion. Deletions are delayed
245 .\"O an additional 60 seconds to insure the invalidation is propagated
246 .\"O throughout the local internet.
248 ¤Ï³°Éô¤«¤é¤Î¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤ò½èÍý¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë²Ã¤¨¡¢
249 Äê´üŪ¤Ë¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ë¡£
250 ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬ 3 ʬ´Ö°Ê¾å¹¹¿·¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢
251 ¤½¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Î¥á¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤Ï̵¸ÂÂç¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¡¢
252 ºï½ü¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î¥Þ¡¼¥¯¤¬ÉÕ¤±¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
254 ¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¾å¤ÇÄÌÃΤµ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤òÊݾڤ¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢
255 ºï½ü¤Ï¹¹¤Ë 60 Éøå¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
257 .\"O Hosts acting as internetwork routers gratuitously supply their
258 .\"O routing tables every 30 seconds to all directly connected hosts
260 ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯´Ö¥ë¡¼¥¿¤È¤·¤ÆÆ°ºî¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ï¡¢
261 ľÀÜÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤¿Á´¤Æ¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤ä¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¡¢
262 30 ÉÃËè¤Ë̵¾ò·ï¤Ç¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤òÄ󶡤¹¤ë¡£
263 .\"O The response is sent to the broadcast address on nets capable of that function,
264 .\"O to the destination address on point-to-point links, and to the router's
265 .\"O own address on other networks.
266 .\"O The normal routing tables are bypassed when sending gratuitous responses.
268 ¥Ö¥í¡¼¥É¥¥ã¥¹¥Èµ¡Ç½¤ò»ý¤Ä¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Î¥Ö¥í¡¼¥É¥¥ã¥¹¥È¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¡¦
269 point-to-point ¥ê¥ó¥¯¤ÎÅþãÀ襢¥É¥ì¥¹¡¦
270 ¥ë¡¼¥¿¼«¿È¤Î¾¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Ç¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹
272 ̵¾ò·ï¤Ë¥ì¥¹¥Ý¥ó¥¹¤òÁ÷¿®¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢
273 Ä̾ï¤Î¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Ï̵»ë¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
274 .\"O The reception of responses on each network is used to determine that the
275 .\"O network and interface are functioning correctly.
276 .\"O If no response is received on an interface, another route may be chosen
277 .\"O to route around the interface, or the route may be dropped if no alternative
279 ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤È¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤¬Àµ¤·¤¯µ¡Ç½¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤ò¡¢
280 ³Æ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤¬¥ì¥¹¥Ý¥ó¥¹¤ò¼õ¿®¤Ç¤¤ë¤«Èݤ«¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ·èÄꤹ¤ë¡£
281 ¤¢¤ë¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ç¥ì¥¹¥Ý¥ó¥¹¤¬¼õ¿®¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢
282 ¤½¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ËÊ̤Υ롼¥È¤òÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¡£
283 ¤Þ¤¿¡¢Â¾¤Î¥ë¡¼¥È¤â¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢¤½¤Î¥ë¡¼¥È¤Ï¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤«¤éºï½ü¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
285 .\"O Options supported by
288 ¤¬¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò¼¨¤¹:
291 .\"O Enable additional debugging information to be logged,
292 .\"O such as bad packets received.
293 ÉÔÀµ¤Ê¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤ò¼õ¿®¤·¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ê¡¢
294 ÉÕ²ÃŪ¤Ê¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥°¾ðÊó¤ò¥í¥°¤ËµÏ¿¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¡£
296 .\"O This flag is used on internetwork routers to offer a route
297 .\"O to the ``default'' destination.
298 .\"O This is typically used on a gateway to the Internet,
299 .\"O or on a gateway that uses another routing protocol whose routes
300 .\"O are not reported to other local routers.
301 ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¡¢¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯´Ö¥ë¡¼¥¿¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ
302 ``default'' ¤ÎÅþãÀè¤Ø¤Î¥ë¡¼¥È¤òÀߤ±¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
303 ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¡¢¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Î¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤ä¡¢
304 ¾¤Î¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥ë¡¼¥¿¤Ë¥ë¡¼¥È¤òÊó¹ð¤·¤Ê¤¤
305 Ê̤Υ롼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤Ç¡¢
311 .\"O to supply routing information whether it is acting as an internetwork
313 .\"O This is the default if multiple network interfaces are present,
314 .\"O or if a point-to-point link is in use.
315 ¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢
316 ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯´Ö¥ë¡¼¥¿¤È¤·¤ÆÆ°ºî¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«Èݤ«¤Ë´Ø·¸¤Ê¤¯¡¢
318 ¤Ë¶¯À©Åª¤Ë¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¾ðÊó¤òÄ󶡤µ¤»¤ë¡£
319 Ê£¿ô¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤ä¡¢
320 point-to-point ¥ê¥ó¥¯¤ò»ÈÍÑÃæ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢¤³¤ì¤¬¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
323 .\"O is the opposite of the
328 ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÎÈ¿ÂФǤ¢¤ë¡£
332 .\"O option is specified, all packets sent or received are
333 .\"O printed on the standard output. In addition,
335 .\"O will not divorce itself from the controlling terminal
336 .\"O so that interrupts from the keyboard will kill the process.
338 ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢
339 Á÷¼õ¿®¤·¤¿Á´¤Æ¤Î¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤¬É¸½à½ÐÎϤËɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
342 ¤Ï¼«Ê¬¼«¿È¤òÀ©¸æüËö¤«¤éÀÚ¤êÎ¥¤µ¤Ê¤¤¤¿¤á¡¢
343 ¥¡¼¥Ü¡¼¥É¤«¤é¥¤¥ó¥¿¥é¥×¥È¤òÆþÎϤ¹¤ì¤Ð¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬ kill ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
346 .\"O Any other argument supplied is interpreted as the name
347 .\"O of file in which
348 .\"O .Nm routed Ns \'s
349 .\"O actions should be logged. This log contains information
350 .\"O about any changes to the routing tables and, if not tracing all packets,
351 .\"O a history of recent messages sent and received which are related to
352 .\"O the changed route.
353 ¤³¤Î¾¤Ë»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿°ú¤¿ô¤Ï¡¢
355 ¤ÎÆ°ºî¤òµÏ¿¤¹¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î̾Á°¤È¤·¤Æ²ò¼á¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
356 ¤³¤Î¥í¥°¤Ë¤Ï¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ÎÊѹ¹¤¬µÏ¿¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
357 ¤Þ¤¿¡¢Á´¤Æ¤Î¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤òÄÉÀפ·¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢
358 Êѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤¿¥ë¡¼¥È¤Ë´ØÏ¢¤·¤ÆÁ÷¼õ¿®¤µ¤ì¤¿ºÇ¿·¤Î¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤ÎÍúÎò¤âµÏ¿¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
360 .\"O In addition to the facilities described above,
362 .\"O supports the notion of ``distant''
368 .\"O is started up, it reads the file
369 .\"O .Pa /etc/gateways
370 .\"O to find gateways which may not be located using
371 .\"O only information from the
380 ¤Ê¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤È¤¤¤¦³µÇ°¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¡£
385 ¤«¤é¤Î¾ðÊó¤Î¤ß¤Ç¤ÏÆͤ»ß¤á¤é¤ì¤Ê¤¤²ÄǽÀ¤Î¤¢¤ë¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤ò¸«ÉÕ¤±¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢
387 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬Æɤ߹þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë¡£
388 .\"O Gateways specified in this manner should be marked passive
389 .\"O if they are not expected to exchange routing information,
390 .\"O while gateways marked active
391 .\"O should be willing to exchange routing information (i.e.
392 .\"O they should have a
394 .\"O process running on the machine).
395 ¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ»ØÄꤷ¤¿¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
396 ¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¾ðÊó¤ò¸ò´¹¤¹¤ë¤Ä¤â¤ê¤¬¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
397 passive ¤È¤¤¤¦¥Þ¡¼¥¯¤òÉÕ¤±¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¡£
398 ¤Þ¤¿¡¢¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¾ðÊó¤ò¸ò´¹¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
399 active ¤È¤¤¤¦¥Þ¡¼¥¯¤òÉÕ¤±¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë
400 (¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï
402 ¤¬¥Þ¥·¥ó¾å¤Ç²ÔƯ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë)¡£
403 .\"O Routes through passive gateways are installed in the
404 .\"O kernel's routing tables once upon startup.
405 .\"O Such routes are not included in
406 .\"O any routing information transmitted.
407 passive ¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤òÄ̤ë¥ë¡¼¥È¤Ï¡¢
408 µ¯Æ°»þ¤Ë°ìÅÙ¤À¤±¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¡£
409 ¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥ë¡¼¥È¤Ï¡¢Á÷¿®¤µ¤ì¤ë¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¾ðÊó¤Ë¤Ï´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
410 .\"O Active gateways are treated equally to network
411 .\"O interfaces. Routing information is distributed
412 .\"O to the gateway and if no routing information is
413 .\"O received for a period of time, the associated
414 .\"O route is deleted.
415 active ¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤Ï¡¢¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ÈƱÍͤ˰·¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
416 ¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¾ðÊó¤Ï¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤ËÇÛÉÛ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
417 ¤Þ¤¿¡¢°ìÄê»þ´Ö¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¾ðÊ󤬼õ¿®¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢
418 ¤½¤ì¤Ë´ØÏ¢¤·¤¿¥ë¡¼¥È¤Ïºï½ü¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
421 .\"O are also passive, but are not placed in the kernel
422 .\"O routing table nor are they included in routing updates.
424 ¤È¥Þ¡¼¥¯¤µ¤ì¤¿¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤â passive ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¢
425 ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ËºÜ¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ê¤¯¡¢
426 ¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¤Î¹¹¿·»þ¤Ë¤â¤½¤Î¾ðÊ󤬴ޤá¤é¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£
427 .\"O The function of external entries is to inform
429 .\"O that another routing process
430 .\"O will install such a route, and that alternate routes to that destination
431 .\"O should not be installed.
432 external ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Îµ¡Ç½¤Ï¡¢
435 ¡ÖÊ̤Υ롼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥ë¡¼¥È¤òÄɲ乤ë²ÄǽÀ¤¬¤¢¤ê¡¢
436 ¤½¤ÎÅþãÀè¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¾¤Î¥ë¡¼¥È¤òÀßÄꤹ¤Ù¤¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¡×
437 ¤ÈÃΤ餻¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
438 .\"O Such entries are only required when both routers may learn of routes
439 .\"O to the same destination.
440 external ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ï¡¢
441 2 ¤Ä¤Î¥ë¡¼¥¿¤¬Æ±¤¸ÅþãÀè¤Ø¤Î¥ë¡¼¥È¤ò³Ð¤¨¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Î¤ß¡¢É¬ÍפǤ¢¤ë¡£
444 .\"O .Pa /etc/gateways
445 .\"O is comprised of a series of lines, each in
446 .\"O the following format:
448 ¤Ï¡¢°Ê²¼¤Î¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤Î¹Ô¤Ç¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤ë:
457 .Pf < Cm passive No \&|
466 .\"O keyword indicates if the route is to a network or specific host.
471 ¤Ï¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¡¢¥ë¡¼¥È¤¬¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤ËÉÕ¤¤¤Æ¤Î¥ë¡¼¥È¤Ê¤Î¤«¡¢
472 ÆÃÄê¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¥ë¡¼¥È¤Ê¤Î¤«¤ò¼¨¤¹¡£
475 .\"O is the name of the destination network or host. This may be a
476 .\"O symbolic name located in
477 .\"O .Pa /etc/networks
480 .\"O (or, if started after
482 .\"O known to the name server),
483 .\"O or an Internet address specified in ``dot'' notation; see
486 ¤Ï¡¢ÅþãÀè¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î̾Á°¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
491 ¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë̾¤Ç¤â¤è¤¤
496 ¤Î¸å¤Ëµ¯Æ°¤µ¤ì¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢
497 ¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤¬¤³¤Î̾Á°¤òÃΤäƤ¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤)¡£
499 ¡Ö¥É¥Ã¥È¡×ɽµ¤Ç»ØÄꤷ¤¿¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ç¤â¤è¤¤¡£
504 .\"O is the name or address of the gateway to which messages should
507 ¤Ï¡¢¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤¬¥Õ¥©¥ï¡¼¥É¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Ù¤¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤Î̾Á°¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
510 .\"O is a metric indicating the hop count to the destination host
513 ¤Ï¡¢ÅþãÀè¥Û¥¹¥È¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Ø¤Î¥Û¥Ã¥×¥«¥¦¥ó¥È¤òɽ¤¹¥á¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
515 .\"O One of the keywords
520 .\"O indicates if the gateway should be treated as
524 .\"O (as described above),
525 .\"O or whether the gateway is
527 .\"O to the scope of the
539 ¤È¤·¤Æ (¾åµ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë) °·¤ï¤ì¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¤«¡¢
540 ¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤¬
542 ¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤Î¥¹¥³¡¼¥×¤Ç
546 .\"O Internetwork routers that are directly attached to the Arpanet or Milnet
547 .\"O should use the Exterior Gateway Protocol
549 .\"O to gather routing information
550 .\"O rather then using a static routing table of passive gateways.
552 .\"O is required in order to provide routes for local networks to the rest
553 .\"O of the Internet system.
554 Arpanet ¤ä Milnet ¤ËľÀÜÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯´Ö¥ë¡¼¥¿¤Ï¡¢
555 ¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¾ðÊó¤ò½¸¤á¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë
558 ¤µ¤â¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¡¢passive ¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤ÎÀÅŪ¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
560 ¤Ï¡¢¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤ËÂФ·¤Æ
561 ¾¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ø¤Î¥ë¡¼¥È¤òÄ󶡤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ËɬÍפǤ¢¤ë¡£
564 .Bl -tag -width /etc/gateways -compact
566 .\"O for distant gateways
567 ±ó³Ö¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¾ðÊó¤òµ½Ò¤¹¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë
574 .%T Internet Transport Protocols
576 .%Q Xerox System Integration Standard
581 .\"O is of dubious value. Consider using
586 ¤Ï (Æ°ºî¤Ê¤É¤¬) µ¿¤ï¤·¤¤¡£
590 ¤Î»ÈÍѤò¹Íθ¤ËÆþ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¡£
592 .\"O The kernel's routing tables may not correspond to those of
594 .\"O when redirects change or add routes.
596 .\"O should note any redirects received by reading
599 .\"O packets received via a raw socket.
600 ¥ê¥À¥¤¥ì¥¯¥È¤Ë¤è¤ê¥ë¡¼¥È¤¬Êѹ¹¤Þ¤¿¤ÏÄɲ䵤줿¾ì¹ç¡¢
601 ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤È
603 ¤Î¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤¬Âбþ¤·¤Ê¤¤²ÄǽÀ¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
606 raw ¥½¥±¥Ã¥È·Ðͳ¤Ç¼õ¿®¤·¤¿
608 ¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤òÆɤ߹þ¤à¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢
609 ¼õ¿®¤·¤¿¥ê¥À¥¤¥ì¥¯¥È¤òÃíÌܤ¹¤Ù¤¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
612 .\"O should incorporate other routing protocols.
613 .\"O Using separate processes for each requires configuration options
614 .\"O to avoid redundant or competing routes.
616 ¤Ï¾¤Î¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤âÁȤ߹þ¤à¤Ù¤¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
617 ³Æ¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤ËÂФ·¤ÆÊÌ¡¹¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤ò»È¤¦¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
618 ;·×¤Ê¥ë¡¼¥È¤ä¶¥¹ç¤¹¤ë¥ë¡¼¥È¤òÇÓ½ü¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢ÀßÄꥪ¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¢¤ë¡£
621 .\"O should listen to intelligent interfaces, such as an
623 .\"O to gather more information.
624 .\"O It does not always detect unidirectional failures in network interfaces
625 .\"O (e.g., when the output side fails).
627 ¤Ï¡¢¤è¤ê¿¤¯¤Î¾ðÊó¤ò½¸¤á¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢
629 ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥¤¥ó¥Æ¥ê¥¸¥§¥ó¥È¤Ê¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ÇÀܳ¤òÂԤĤ٤¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
631 ¤Ï¡¢(Î㤨¤Ð¡¢½ÐÎϦ¤Î¼ºÇԤȤ¤¤Ã¤¿)
632 ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Î
633 °ìÊý¸þ¤Î¼ºÇÔ¤ò¡¢¾ï¤Ë¸¡½Ð¤Ç¤¤ë¤È¤Ï¸Â¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
638 .\"O command appeared in
645 ¤³¤Î man ¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ÎËÝÌõ¤Ë¤¢¤¿¤ê¡¢
646 FreeBSD jpman project <http://www.jp.freebsd.org/man-jp/>
647 ¤Ë¤è¤ëËÝÌõ¤ò»²¹Í¤Ë¤µ¤»¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤À¤¤¤¿¡£