1 .\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
2 .\" All rights reserved.
4 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
9 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
10 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
11 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
12 .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
13 .\" must display the following acknowledgement:
14 .\" This product includes software developed by the University of
15 .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
16 .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17 .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18 .\" without specific prior written permission.
20 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
32 .\" from: @(#)rwhod.8 6.5 (Berkeley) 3/16/91
33 .\" $Id: rwhod.8,v 1.16 2000/07/30 23:57:06 dholland Exp $
35 .\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 2000 Yuichi SATO
36 .\" all rights reserved.
37 .\" Translated Thu Nov 2 18:23:49 JST 2000
38 .\" by Yuichi SATO <sato@complex.eng.hokudai.ac.jp>
40 .\"WORD: load average Ê¿¶ÑÉé²Ù
41 .\"WORD: byte order ¥Ð¥¤¥È¥ª¡¼¥À¡¼
45 .Os "Linux NetKit (0.17)"
49 .\"O .Nd system status server
50 .Nd ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥¿¥¹¥µ¡¼¥Ð
59 .\"O is the server which maintains the database used by the
63 .\"O programs. Its operation is predicated on the ability to
65 .\"O messages on a network.
71 ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ç»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤ò´ÉÍý¤¹¤ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
72 ¤³¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î±¿ÍѤϡ¢¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¾å¤Ç
74 ¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤¬»ÈÍѤǤ¤ë¤³¤È¤òÁ°Äó¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
77 .\"O operates as both a producer and consumer of status information.
78 .\"O As a producer of information it periodically
79 .\"O queries the state of the system and constructs
80 .\"O status messages which are broadcast on a network.
81 .\"O As a consumer of information, it listens for other
83 .\"O servers' status messages, validating them, then recording
84 .\"O them in a collection of files located in the directory
85 .\"O .Pa /var/spool/rwho .
87 ¤Ï¡¢¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥¿¥¹¾ðÊó¤ÎºîÀ®Â¦¤È¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢ÍøÍѦ¤È¤·¤Æ¤âÆ°ºî¤¹¤ë¡£
88 ¾ðÊó¤ÎºîÀ®Â¦¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¾õÂÖ¤òÄê´üŪ¤ËÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¡¢
89 ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Ë¥Ö¥í¡¼¥É¥¥ã¥¹¥È¤µ¤ì¤ë¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥¿¥¹¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤òºîÀ®¤¹¤ë¡£
90 ¾ðÊó¤ÎÍøÍѦ¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï¡¢Â¾¤Î
92 ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥¿¥¹¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ê¡¢³Îǧ¤·¤¿¸å¡¢
94 ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ëºî¤é¤ì¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËµÏ¿¤¹¤ë¡£
96 .\"O The server transmits and receives messages at the port indicated
97 .\"O in the ``rwho'' service specification; see
99 ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ï¡¢``rwho'' ¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¤Î»ØÄê¤Ç»Ø¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ
100 ¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤ÎÁ÷¼õ¿®¤ò¹Ô¤¦¡£
106 .\"O flag is supplied, only broadcast interfaces, such as ethernets, will
110 .\"O flag is supplied, only point-to-point interfaces will be used. If the
112 .\"O flag is supplied, or no flags are supplied, all interfaces will be
115 ¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢
116 ¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥Ö¥í¡¼¥É¥¥ã¥¹¥È¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Î¤ß¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
118 ¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢
119 point-to-point ¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Î¤ß¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
121 ¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬²¿¤â»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢
122 Á´¤Æ¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
126 .\"O flag is supplied, rwhod will run as the specified user instead of as
129 ¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢
130 rwhod ¤Ï root ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤È¤·¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
132 .\"O The messages sent and received, are of the form:
133 Á÷¼õ¿®¤µ¤ì¤ë¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î·Á¼°¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
134 .Bd -literal -offset indent
136 .\"O char out_line[8]; /* tty name */
137 .\"O char out_name[8]; /* user id */
138 .\"O long out_time; /* time on */
141 char out_line[8]; /* tty ¤Î̾Á° */
142 char out_name[8]; /* ¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼ ID */
143 long out_time; /* »þ´Ö */
152 char wd_hostname[32];
156 struct outmp we_utmp;
158 } wd_we[1024 / sizeof (struct whoent)];
162 .\"O All fields are converted to network byte order prior to
163 .\"O transmission. The load averages are as calculated by the
165 .\"O program, and represent load averages over the 5, 10, and 15 minute
166 .\"O intervals prior to a server's transmission; they are multiplied by 100
167 .\"O for representation in an integer. The host name
168 .\"O included is that returned by the
169 .\"O .Xr gethostname 2
170 .\"O system call, with any trailing domain name omitted.
171 .\"O The array at the end of the message contains information about
172 .\"O the users logged in to the sending machine. This information
173 .\"O includes the contents of the
175 .\"O entry for each non-idle terminal line and a value indicating the
176 .\"O time in seconds since a character was last received on the terminal line.
177 Á´¤Æ¤Î¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Ï¡¢Á÷¿®¤ÎÁ°¤Ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥Ð¥¤¥È¥ª¡¼¥À¡¼¤ËÊÑ´¹¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
180 ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ·×»»¤µ¤ì¡¢
181 ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤¬Á÷¿®¤¹¤ëÁ°¤Î 5, 10, 15 ʬ´Ö³Ö¤ÎÊ¿¶ÑÉé²Ù¤òɽ¤¹¡£
182 Ê¿¶ÑÉé²Ù¤Ï 100 ¤ò³Ý¤±¤ÆÀ°¿ô¤Çɽ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
183 »ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤Ï¡¢
185 ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥³¡¼¥ë¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¡¢¥É¥á¥¤¥ó̾¤Ï¾Êά¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
186 ¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤ÎºÇ¸å¤ÎÇÛÎó¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤òÁ÷¿®¤·¤¿¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ë¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë
187 ¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤Î¾ðÊ󤬴ޤޤì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
188 ¤³¤Î¾ðÊó¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¥¢¥¤¥É¥ë¤Ç¤Ê¤¤Ã¼Ëö¥é¥¤¥ó¤Î
190 ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ÈüËö¥é¥¤¥ó¤«¤éºÇ¸å¤Ëʸ»ú¤¬¼õ¿®¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤«¤é¤ÎÉÿô¤¬Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
192 .\"O Messages received by the
194 .\"O server are discarded unless they originated at an
196 .\"O server's port. In addition, if the host's name, as specified
197 .\"O in the message, contains any unprintable
200 .\"O message is discarded. Valid messages received by
202 .\"O are placed in files named
203 .\"O .Pa whod.hostname
204 .\"O in the directory
205 .\"O .Pa /var/spool/rwho .
206 .\"O These files contain only the most recent message, in the
207 .\"O format described above.
209 ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ë¼õ¿®¤µ¤ì¤ë¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Ï¡¢
211 ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¥Ý¡¼¥È¤«¤éÁ÷¿®¤µ¤ì¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¡¢ÇË´þ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
212 ¤µ¤é¤Ë¡¢¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸Ãæ¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤¬É½¼¨¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¤
214 ʸ»ú¤ò´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤â¡¢¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤ÏÇË´þ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
216 ¤Ë¼õ¿®¤µ¤ì¤¿Í¸ú¤Ê¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Ï¡¢¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê
220 ¤È¤¤¤¦¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËÆþ¤ì¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
221 ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
222 ºÇ¿·¤Î¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Î¤ß¤¬¾å¤ÇÀâÌÀ¤·¤¿¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤Ç³ÊǼ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
224 .\"O Status messages are generated approximately once every
227 .\"O recomputes the system boot time every 30 minutes because on
228 .\"O some (non-Linux) systems it is not a totally reliable process.
229 ¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥¿¥¹¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Ï¡¢Ìó 3 ʬ¤Ë 1 ²óºîÀ®¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
231 ¤Ï¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È»þ¹ï¤ò 30 ʬËè¤ËºÆ·×»»¤¹¤ë¡£
232 ¤Ê¤¼¤Ê¤é¡¢(Linux °Ê³°¤Î) ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
233 ¥Ö¡¼¥È»þ¹ï¤Î·×»»¤¬´°Á´¤Ë¿®ÍѤΤª¤±¤ë¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤
234 ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤â¸ºß¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
241 .\"O There should be a way to relay status information between networks.
242 .\"O People often interpret the server dying
243 .\"O or network communtication failures
244 .\"O as a machine going down.
245 ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯´Ö¤Ç¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥¿¥¹¾ðÊó¤òÃæ·Ñ¤¹¤ëÊýË¡¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¢¤ë¡£
246 ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤¬»à¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤ä¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ÄÌ¿®¤¬¼ºÇÔ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¡¢
247 ¥Þ¥·¥ó¤¬¥À¥¦¥ó¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È²ò¼á¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
252 .\"O command appeared in