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[linuxjm/jm.git] / manual / sudo / draft / man5 / sudoers.5

.\" Copyright (c) 1994-1996, 1998-2005, 2007-2009
.\"     Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com>
.\" 
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
.\" 
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
.\" ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
.\" 
.\" Sponsored in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects
.\" Agency (DARPA) and Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Force
.\" Materiel Command, USAF, under agreement number F39502-99-1-0512.
.\" 
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 2000-2002 Yuichi SATO
.\"   and 2009 Yoichi Chonan
.\"         all rights reserved.
.\" Translated Sat Oct  7 14:39:18 JST 2000
.\"         by Yuichi SATO <ysato444@yahoo.co.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified Fri Dec  6 04:40:44 JST 2002 by Yuichi SATO
.\" New Translation (sudo-1.6.9p17) Fri Jan 23 10:31:17 JST 2009
.\"         by Yoichi Chonan <cyoichi@maple.ocn.ne.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified (sudo-1.7.2p1) Sat Nov 14 21:15:16 JST 2009
.\"         by Yoichi Chonan
.\" Modified Tue Nov 24 20:00:00 JST 2009 by Yoichi Chonan
.\"
.\" $Sudo: sudoers.man.in,v 1.80 2009/06/30 12:41:09 millert Exp $
.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.16 (Pod::Simple 3.05)
.\"
.\" Standard preamble:
.\" ========================================================================
.de Sh \" Subsection heading
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\fB\\$1\fR
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.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
.    \" corrections for vroff
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.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "SUDOERS 5"
.TH SUDOERS 5 "June 30, 2009" "1.7.2p1" "MAINTENANCE COMMANDS"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.\"O .SH "NAME"
.SH "̾Á°"
.\"O sudoers \- list of which users may execute what
sudoers \- ¤É¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬²¿¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤«¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È
.\"O .SH "DESCRIPTION"
.SH "ÀâÌÀ"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
.\"O The \fIsudoers\fR file is composed of two types of entries: aliases
.\"O (basically variables) and user specifications (which specify who
.\"O may run what).
.\"O .PP
\&\fIsudoers\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÏÆó¼ïÎà¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤«¤é¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
(Íפ¹¤ë¤ËÊÑ¿ô¤Ç¤¢¤ë) ¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¤È (郎²¿¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤«¤ò
»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ë) ¥æ¡¼¥¶ÀßÄê¤À¡£
.IP "[\fBÌõÃí\fR]:" 8
.IX Item "footnote1"
Ìõ¼Ô¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¡Ö¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¡¢¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È»ØÄê¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶ÀßÄê¤Î»°¼ïÎà¤Î
¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤«¤é¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡×¤È¸À¤Ã¤¿Êý¤¬¼ÂÂ֤˹ç¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¤È»×¤¦¡£
.PP
.\"O When multiple entries match for a user, they are applied in order.
.\"O Where there are multiple matches, the last match is used (which is
.\"O not necessarily the most specific match).
.\"O .PP
°ì¿Í¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ËÊ£¿ô¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¤Ï¡¢½çÈÖ¤ËŬÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¡£
Ê£¿ô¤Î»ØÄ꤬¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë²Õ½ê¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢ºÇ¸å¤Ë¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤¬
»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ë (¤½¤ì¤¬°ìÈÖÌÀ¼¨Åª¤Ê¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤À¤È¤Ï¤«¤®¤é¤Ê¤¤¤¬)¡£
.PP
.\"O The \fIsudoers\fR grammar will be described below in Extended Backus-Naur
.\"O Form (\s-1EBNF\s0).  Don't despair if you don't know what \s-1EBNF\s0 is; it is
.\"O fairly simple, and the definitions below are annotated.
°Ê²¼¤Ç¤Ï \fIsudoers\fR ¤Îʸˡ¤ò³ÈÄ¥ Backus-Naur µ­Ë¡ (\s-1EBNF\s0) ¤ò
»È¤Ã¤Æµ­½Ò¤¹¤ë¡£\s-1EBNF\s0 ¤¬¤É¤ó¤Ê¤â¤Î¤«ÃΤé¤Ê¤¤¤«¤é¤È¤¤¤Ã¤Æ¡¢
¤¢¤­¤é¤á¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¤¤¿¤À¤­¤¿¤¤¡£¤ï¤ê¤È´Êñ¤Ê¤â¤Î¤À¤·¡¢°Ê²¼¤Ë½Ð¤Æ¤¯¤ëÄêµÁ¤Ë¤Ï
¾Ü¤·¤¤ÀâÌÀ¤òÉÕ¤±¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤¹¤«¤é¡£
.\"O .Sh "Quick guide to \s-1EBNF\s0"
.Sh "\s-1EBNF\s0 Áá¤ï¤«¤ê"
.IX Subsection "Quick guide to EBNF"
.\"O \&\s-1EBNF\s0 is a concise and exact way of describing the grammar of a language.
.\"O Each \s-1EBNF\s0 definition is made up of \fIproduction rules\fR.  E.g.,
.\"O .PP
\&\s-1EBNF\s0 ¤Ï¸À¸ì¤Îʸˡ¤òµ­½Ò¤¹¤ë´Ê·é¤Ç¸·Ì©¤ÊÊýË¡¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
\&\s-1EBNF\s0 ¤Î¸Ä¡¹¤ÎÄêµÁ¤ÏÀ¸À®µ¬Â§¤«¤é¤Ç¤­¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢
.PP
.Vb 1
.\"O \& symbol ::= definition | alternate1 | alternate2 ...
\& ¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë ::= ÄêµÁ | Ê̤ÎÄêµÁ 1 | Ê̤ÎÄêµÁ 2 ...
.Ve
.PP
.\"O Each \fIproduction rule\fR references others and thus makes up a
.\"O grammar for the language.  \s-1EBNF\s0 also contains the following
.\"O operators, which many readers will recognize from regular
.\"O expressions.  Do not, however, confuse them with \*(L"wildcard\*(R"
.\"O characters, which have different meanings.
¸Ä¡¹¤ÎÀ¸À®µ¬Â§¤Ï¡¢¤Û¤«¤ÎÀ¸À®µ¬Â§¤ò»²¾È¤·¡¢¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¸À¸ì¤Îʸˡ¤ò
ºî¤ê¾å¤²¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤Þ¤¿ \s-1EBNF\s0 ¤Ë¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î±é»»»Ò¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë¤¬¡¢
Àµµ¬É½¸½¤Ç¸æ¸¤¸¤ÎÆɼԤ⿤¤¤À¤í¤¦¡£¤À¤¬¡¢¤¤¤ï¤æ¤ë¡Ö¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É¡×ʸ»ú¤È
º®Æ±¤·¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¤¤¿¤À¤­¤¿¤¤¡£¤¢¤ì¤ÏÊ̤ΰÕÌ£¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.ie n .IP "\*(C`?\*(C'" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW\*(C`?\*(C'\fR" 4
.IX Item "?"
.\"O Means that the preceding symbol (or group of symbols) is optional.
.\"O That is, it may appear once or not at all.
ľÁ°¤Î¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¡¢¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×) ¤¬¡¢¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤â¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤¤³¤È¤ò
°ÕÌ£¤¹¤ë¡£¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¤½¤Î¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤Ï¡¢1 ²ó¸½¤ì¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤¤·¡¢1 ²ó¤â¸½¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤â¤è¤¤¡£
.ie n .IP "\*(C`*\*(C'" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW\*(C`*\*(C'\fR" 4
.IX Item "*"
.\"O Means that the preceding symbol (or group of symbols) may appear
.\"O zero or more times.
ľÁ°¤Î¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¡¢¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×) ¤¬ 0 ²ó°Ê¾å¸½¤ì¤ë¡£
.ie n .IP "\*(C`+\*(C'" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW\*(C`+\*(C'\fR" 4
.IX Item "+"
.\"O Means that the preceding symbol (or group of symbols) may appear
.\"O one or more times.
.\"O .PP
ľÁ°¤Î¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¡¢¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×) ¤¬ 1 ²ó°Ê¾å¸½¤ì¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O Parentheses may be used to group symbols together.  For clarity,
.\"O we will use single quotes ('') to designate what is a verbatim character
.\"O string (as opposed to a symbol name).
´Ý¥«¥Ã¥³¤ò»È¤¦¤È¡¢Ê£¿ô¤Î¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤ò¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ë¤Þ¤È¤á¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤Ê¤ªº®Íð¤òÈò¤±¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢°Ê²¼¤ÎÄêµÁ¤Ç (¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë̾¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯) ʸ»ú¤É¤ª¤ê¤Î
ʸ»úÎó¤äµ­¹æ¤ò¼¨¤¹¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤ò¥·¥ó¥°¥ë¥¯¥©¡¼¥È ('') ¤Ç°Ï¤à¤³¤È¤Ë¤¹¤ë¡£
.\"O .Sh "Aliases"
.Sh "¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹"
.IX Subsection "Aliases"
.\"O There are four kinds of aliases: \f(CW\*(C`User_Alias\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`Runas_Alias\*(C'\fR,
.\"O \&\f(CW\*(C`Host_Alias\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`Cmnd_Alias\*(C'\fR.
.\"O .PP
¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¤Ë¤Ï»Í¼ïÎढ¤ë¡£\f(CW\*(C`User_Alias\*(C'\fR,
\&\f(CW\*(C`Runas_Alias\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`Host_Alias\*(C'\fR,
\&\f(CW\*(C`Cmnd_Alias\*(C'\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.PP
.Vb 4
\& Alias ::= \*(AqUser_Alias\*(Aq  User_Alias (\*(Aq:\*(Aq User_Alias)* |
\&           \*(AqRunas_Alias\*(Aq Runas_Alias (\*(Aq:\*(Aq Runas_Alias)* |
\&           \*(AqHost_Alias\*(Aq  Host_Alias (\*(Aq:\*(Aq Host_Alias)* |
\&           \*(AqCmnd_Alias\*(Aq  Cmnd_Alias (\*(Aq:\*(Aq Cmnd_Alias)*
\&
\& User_Alias ::= NAME \*(Aq=\*(Aq User_List
\&
\& Runas_Alias ::= NAME \*(Aq=\*(Aq Runas_List
\&
\& Host_Alias ::= NAME \*(Aq=\*(Aq Host_List
\&
\& Cmnd_Alias ::= NAME \*(Aq=\*(Aq Cmnd_List
\&
\& NAME ::= [A\-Z]([A\-Z][0\-9]_)*
.Ve
.PP
.\"O Each \fIalias\fR definition is of the form
.\"O .PP
¸Ä¡¹¤Î¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¤ÎÄêµÁ¤Ï¡¢¼¡¤Î·Á¤ò¤È¤ë¡£
.PP
.Vb 1
\& Alias_Type NAME = item1, item2, ...
.Ve
.PP
.\"O where \fIAlias_Type\fR is one of \f(CW\*(C`User_Alias\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`Runas_Alias\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`Host_Alias\*(C'\fR,
.\"O or \f(CW\*(C`Cmnd_Alias\*(C'\fR.  A \f(CW\*(C`NAME\*(C'\fR is a string of uppercase letters, numbers,
.\"O and underscore characters ('_').  A \f(CW\*(C`NAME\*(C'\fR \fBmust\fR start with an
.\"O uppercase letter.  It is possible to put several alias definitions
.\"O of the same type on a single line, joined by a colon (':').  E.g.,
.\"O .PP
¾åµ­¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¢\fIAlias_Type\fR ¤Ï \f(CW\*(C`User_Alias\*(C'\fR,
\&\f(CW\*(C`Runas_Alias\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`Host_Alias\*(C'\fR,
\&\f(CW\*(C`Cmnd_Alias\*(C'\fR ¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Î°ì¤Ä¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
\&\f(CW\*(C`NAME\*(C'\fR ¤Ï¥¢¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥Ù¥Ã¥È¤ÎÂçʸ»ú¡¢¿ô»ú¡¢
¥¢¥ó¥À¡¼¥¹¥³¥¢ ('_') ¤«¤é¤Ê¤ëʸ»úÎó¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¢\fBÀèƬ¤Îʸ»ú¤ÏÂçʸ»ú\fR¤Ç
¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£Æ±¤¸¥¿¥¤¥×¤Î¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹ÄêµÁ¤ò¡¢¥³¥í¥ó¤Ç (':') ¤Ä¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¡¢
°ì¹Ô¤ËÊ£¿ô½ñ¤¯¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢
.PP
.Vb 1
\& Alias_Type NAME = item1, item2, item3 : NAME = item4, item5
.Ve
.PP
.\"O The definitions of what constitutes a valid \fIalias\fR member follow.
.\"O .PP
°Ê²¼¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¤ÎÍ­¸ú¤ÊÍ×ÁǤȤʤë¤â¤Î¤òÄêµÁ¤¹¤ë¡£
.PP
.Vb 2
\& User_List ::= User |
\&               User \*(Aq,\*(Aq User_List
\&
\& User ::= \*(Aq!\*(Aq* username |
\&          \*(Aq!\*(Aq* \*(Aq#\*(Aquid |
\&          \*(Aq!\*(Aq* \*(Aq%\*(Aqgroup |
\&          \*(Aq!\*(Aq* \*(Aq+\*(Aqnetgroup |
\&          \*(Aq!\*(Aq* \*(Aq%:\*(Aqnonunix_group |
\&          \*(Aq!\*(Aq* User_Alias
.Ve
.PP
.\"O A \f(CW\*(C`User_List\*(C'\fR is made up of one or more usernames, uids (prefixed
.\"O with '#'), system groups (prefixed with '%'), netgroups (prefixed
.\"O with '+') and \f(CW\*(C`User_Alias\*(C'\fRes.  Each list item may be prefixed with
.\"O zero or more '!' operators.  An odd number of '!' operators negate
.\"O the value of the item; an even number just cancel each other out.
.\"O .PP
\&\f(CW\*(C`User_List\*(C'\fR ¤Ï°ì¸Ä°Ê¾å¤Î¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¡¢uid ('#' ¤¬
Ƭ¤ËÉÕ¤¯)¡¢¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥°¥ë¡¼¥×̾ ('%' ¤¬Æ¬¤ËÉÕ¤¯) ¡¢¥Í¥Ã¥È¥°¥ë¡¼¥×̾
('+' ¤¬Æ¬¤ËÉÕ¤¯)¡¢Èó UNIX ¥°¥ë¡¼¥×̾ ('%:' ¤¬Æ¬¤ËÉÕ¤¯)¡¢
\&\f(CW\*(C`User_Alias\*(C'\fR ¤«¤é¤Ê¤ë¡£
¥ê¥¹¥È¤Î³Æ¹àÌܤÎÁ°¤Ë¤Ï°ì¸Ä°Ê¾å¤Î '!' ±é»»»Ò¤òÉÕ¤±¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤¡£
´ñ¿ô¸Ä¤Î '!' ¤Ï¤½¤Î¹àÌܤÎÃͤòÈÝÄꤹ¤ë¡£¶ö¿ô¸Ä¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¸ß¤¤Á껦¤¹¤ë¤À¤±¤À¡£
.PP
.\"O A \f(CW\*(C`username\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`group\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`netgroup\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`nonunix_groups\*(C'\fR may
.\"O be enclosed in double quotes to avoid the need for escaping special
.\"O characters.  Alternately, special characters may be specified in
.\"O escaped hex mode, e.g. \ex20 for space.
.\"O .PP
¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¡¢¥°¥ë¡¼¥×̾¡¢¥Í¥Ã¥È¥°¥ë¡¼¥×̾¡¢Èó UNIX ¥°¥ë¡¼¥×̾¤Ï¡¢
¥À¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥©¡¼¥È¤Ç°Ï¤á¤Ð¡¢Æüìʸ»ú¤ò¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤·¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¹¤à¡£
¥À¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥©¡¼¥È¤Ç°Ï¤Þ¤º¤ËÆüìʸ»ú¤ò»È¤¤¤¿¤¤¤Ê¤é¡¢¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤·¤¿ 16 ¿Ê¿ô¤ò
»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¤ä¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤¡£¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤Ê¤é \ex20 ¤È¤¤¤¦¶ñ¹ç¤À¡£
.PP
.\"O The \f(CW\*(C`nonunix_group\*(C'\fR syntax depends on the underlying implementation.
.\"O For instance, the \s-1QAS\s0 \s-1AD\s0 backend supports the following formats:
Èó UNIX ¥°¥ë¡¼¥×̾¤Î½ñ¼°¤Ï¡¢ÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¤Î¼ÂÁõ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ·è¤Þ¤ë¡£¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢
\&\s-1Quest Authentication Services\s0 ¤Î \s-1AD\s0 ¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¨¥ó¥É¤Ï¡¢
°Ê²¼¤Î½ñ¼°¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.IP "\(bu" 4
.\"O Group in the same domain: \*(L"Group Name\*(R"
Ʊ¤¸¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×:  \*(L"Group Name\*(R"
.IP "\(bu" 4
.\"O Group in any domain: \*(L"Group Name@FULLY.QUALIFIED.DOMAIN\*(R"
Ǥ°Õ¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×:  \*(L"Group Name@FULLY.QUALIFIED.DOMAIN\*(R"
.IP "\(bu" 4
.\"O Group \s-1SID:\s0 \*(L"S\-1\-2\-34\-5678901234\-5678901234\-5678901234\-567\*(R"
¥°¥ë¡¼¥× \s-1SID:\s0 \*(L"S\-1\-2\-34\-5678901234\-5678901234\-5678901234\-567\*(R"
.PP
.\"O Note that quotes around group names are optional.  Unquoted strings must
.\"O use a backslash (\e) to escape spaces and the '@' symbol.
.\"O .PP
¥°¥ë¡¼¥×̾¤ò°Ï¤à°úÍÑÉä¤ÏǤ°Õ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¡£Ê¸»úÎó¤ò
°úÍÑÉä¤Ç°Ï¤Þ¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤ä '@' µ­¹æ¤ò¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢
¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¹¥é¥Ã¥·¥å (\e) ¤ò»È¤ï¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
.PP
.Vb 2
\& Runas_List ::= Runas_Member |
\&                Runas_Member \*(Aq,\*(Aq Runas_List
\&
\& Runas_Member ::= \*(Aq!\*(Aq* username |
\&                  \*(Aq!\*(Aq* \*(Aq#\*(Aquid |
\&                  \*(Aq!\*(Aq* \*(Aq%\*(Aqgroup |
\&                  \*(Aq!\*(Aq* +netgroup |
\&                  \*(Aq!\*(Aq* Runas_Alias
.Ve
.PP
.\"O A \f(CW\*(C`Runas_List\*(C'\fR is similar to a \f(CW\*(C`User_List\*(C'\fR except that instead
.\"O of \f(CW\*(C`User_Alias\*(C'\fRes it can contain \f(CW\*(C`Runas_Alias\*(C'\fRes.  Note that
.\"O usernames and groups are matched as strings.  In other words, two
.\"O users (groups) with the same uid (gid) are considered to be distinct.
.\"O If you wish to match all usernames with the same uid (e.g.\ root
.\"O and toor), you can use a uid instead (#0 in the example given).
.\"O .PP
\&\f(CW\*(C`Runas_List\*(C'\fR ¤Ï \f(CW\*(C`User_List\*(C'\fR ¤Ë»÷¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
°ã¤¦¤Î¤Ï¡¢\f(CW\*(C`User_Alias\*(C'\fR ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢
\&\f(CW\*(C`Runas_Alias\*(C'\fR ¤¬»È¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤À¡£¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¤ä¥°¥ë¡¼¥×̾¤Î
¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤Ïʸ»úÎó¤È¤·¤Æ¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ëµ¤¤òÉÕ¤±¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¡£¸À¤¤´¹¤¨¤ë¤È¡¢
Æó¤Ä¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾ (¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï¥°¥ë¡¼¥×̾) ¤Ï¡¢¤«¤ê¤ËƱ¤¸ uid (gid) ¤ò
»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¤â¡¢Ê̸ĤΤâ¤Î¤È¸«¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤À¤«¤é¡¢¤â¤·Æ±¤¸ uid ¤ò»ý¤Ã¤¿¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¤Ë¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤µ¤»¤¿¤«¤Ã¤¿¤é 
(¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢root ¤È toor ¤¬¤½¤¦¤À¤È¤·¤è¤¦)¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë uid ¤ò
»È¤¨¤Ð¤è¤¤ (¤³¤ÎÎã¤Ê¤é¡¢#0 ¤Ç¤¢¤ë)¡£
.PP
.Vb 2
\& Host_List ::= Host |
\&               Host \*(Aq,\*(Aq Host_List
\&
\& Host ::= \*(Aq!\*(Aq* hostname |
\&          \*(Aq!\*(Aq* ip_addr |
\&          \*(Aq!\*(Aq* network(/netmask)? |
\&          \*(Aq!\*(Aq* \*(Aq+\*(Aqnetgroup |
\&          \*(Aq!\*(Aq* Host_Alias
.Ve
.PP
.\"O A \f(CW\*(C`Host_List\*(C'\fR is made up of one or more hostnames, \s-1IP\s0 addresses,
.\"O network numbers, netgroups (prefixed with '+') and other aliases.
.\"O Again, the value of an item may be negated with the '!' operator.
.\"O If you do not specify a netmask along with the network number,
.\"O \&\fBsudo\fR will query each of the local host's network interfaces and,
.\"O if the network number corresponds to one of the hosts's network
.\"O interfaces, the corresponding netmask will be used.  The netmask
.\"O may be specified either in standard \s-1IP\s0 address notation
.\"O (e.g.\ 255.255.255.0 or ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::),
.\"O or \s-1CIDR\s0 notation (number of bits, e.g.\ 24 or 64).  A hostname may
.\"O include shell-style wildcards (see the Wildcards section below),
.\"O but unless the \f(CW\*(C`hostname\*(C'\fR command on your machine returns the fully
.\"O qualified hostname, you'll need to use the \fIfqdn\fR option for
.\"O wildcards to be useful.
.\"O .PP
\&\f(CW\*(C`Host_List\*(C'\fR ¤Ï°ì¸Ä°Ê¾å¤Î¡¢¥Û¥¹¥È̾¡¢\s-1IP\s0 ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¡¢
¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¡¢¥Í¥Ã¥È¥°¥ë¡¼¥×̾ (Ƭ¤Ë '+' ¤¬ÉÕ¤¯)¡¢¤ª¤è¤Ó
¾¤Î¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¤«¤é¤Ê¤ë¡£¤³¤³¤Ç¤â¤Þ¤¿¡¢'!' ±é»»»Ò¤òÉÕ¤±¤Æ¡¢¹àÌܤÎÃͤò
ÈÝÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥¹¥¯¤ò
»ØÄꤷ¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤¬¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î
¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ò°ì¤Ä°ì¤Ä»²¾È¤·¡¢»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿
¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ÈƱ¤¸¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò»ý¤Ä¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤¬¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢
¤½¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥¹¥¯¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£¥Í¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥¹¥¯¤Î»ØÄê¤Ï¡¢
ɸ½à¤Î \s-1IP\s0 ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹É½µ­ (¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð 255.255.255.0 ¤È¤« 
ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:: ¤È¤«) ¤Ç¤â¤è¤¯¡¢\&\s-1CIDR\s0 ɽµ­ (¥Ó¥Ã¥È¿ô¡¢
¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð 24 ¤È¤« 64 ¤È¤«) ¤Ç¤â¤è¤¤¡£¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤Î°ìÉô¤Ë¥·¥§¥ëÉ÷¤Î
¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤¬ (²¼µ­¤Î¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É¤Î¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò
»²¾È)¡¢»ÈÍÑ¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î \f(CW\*(C`hostname\*(C'\fR ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤¬
´°Á´½¤¾þ¥É¥á¥¤¥ó̾¤òÊÖ¤µ¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É¤ò
ÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï \fIfqdn\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»È¤¦É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ë¡£
.PP
.Vb 2
\& Cmnd_List ::= Cmnd |
\&               Cmnd \*(Aq,\*(Aq Cmnd_List
\&
\& commandname ::= filename |
\&                 filename args |
\&                 filename \*(Aq""\*(Aq
\&
\& Cmnd ::= \*(Aq!\*(Aq* commandname |
\&          \*(Aq!\*(Aq* directory |
\&          \*(Aq!\*(Aq* "sudoedit" |
\&          \*(Aq!\*(Aq* Cmnd_Alias
.Ve
.PP
.\"O A \f(CW\*(C`Cmnd_List\*(C'\fR is a list of one or more commandnames, directories, and other
.\"O aliases.  A commandname is a fully qualified filename which may include
.\"O shell-style wildcards (see the Wildcards section below).  A simple
.\"O filename allows the user to run the command with any arguments he/she
.\"O wishes.  However, you may also specify command line arguments (including
.\"O wildcards).  Alternately, you can specify \f(CW""\fR to indicate that the command
.\"O may only be run \fBwithout\fR command line arguments.  A directory is a
.\"O fully qualified pathname ending in a '/'.  When you specify a directory
.\"O in a \f(CW\*(C`Cmnd_List\*(C'\fR, the user will be able to run any file within that directory
.\"O (but not in any subdirectories therein).
.\"O .PP
\&\f(CW\*(C`Cmnd_List\*(C'\fR ¤Ï°ì¸Ä°Ê¾å¤Î¡¢¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É̾¡¢¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¡¢
¾¤Î¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¤«¤é¤Ê¤ë¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É̾¤ÏÀäÂХѥ¹¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤Ç
¤¢¤ê¡¢¥·¥§¥ëÉ÷¤Î¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É¤ò´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤Æ¤â¹½¤ï¤Ê¤¤ (²¼µ­¤Î¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É¤Î
¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»²¾È)¡£Ã±¤Ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤À¤±»ØÄꤷ¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï¤ªË¾¤ß¤Î
¤É¤ó¤Ê°ú¤­¿ô¤Ç¤âÉÕ¤±¤Æ¤½¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£¤È¤Ï¸À¤¨¡¢
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó°ú¤­¿ô¤ò (¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É¤ò´Þ¤á¤Æ) »ØÄꤷ¤Æ¤â¹½¤ï¤Ê¤¤¤·¡¢
¤Þ¤¿¡¢°ú¤­¿ô¤Ë \f(CW""\fR ¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¡¢¤½¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï
\&\fB¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó°ú¤­¿ô¤Ê¤·\fR¤Î¼Â¹Ô¤Î¤ß¤¬²Äǽ¤À¤È»Ø¼¨¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ï '/' ¤Ç½ª¤ï¤ëÀäÂХѥ¹Ì¾¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
\&\f(CW\*(C`Cmnd_List\*(C'\fR ¤Ë
¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤Ï¤½¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥êÆâ¤ÎǤ°Õ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò
¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë (¤À¤¬¡¢¤½¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤)¡£
.PP
.\"O If a \f(CW\*(C`Cmnd\*(C'\fR has associated command line arguments, then the arguments
.\"O in the \f(CW\*(C`Cmnd\*(C'\fR must match exactly those given by the user on the command line
.\"O (or match the wildcards if there are any).  Note that the following
.\"O characters must be escaped with a '\e' if they are used in command
.\"O arguments: ',', ':', '=', '\e'.  The special command \f(CW"sudoedit"\fR
.\"O is used to permit a user to run \fBsudo\fR with the \fB\-e\fR option (or
.\"O as \fBsudoedit\fR).  It may take command line arguments just as
.\"O a normal command does.
\&\f(CW\*(C`Cmnd\*(C'\fR ¤¬¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó°ú¤­¿ô¤òȼ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢
\&\f(CW\*(C`Cmnd\*(C'\fR Ãæ¤Î°ú¤­¿ô¤Ï¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤ËÂǤÁ¹þ¤à
°ú¤­¿ô¤ÈÀµ³Î¤Ë°ìÃפ·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤ (Cmnd Ãæ¤Î°ú¤­¿ô¤Ë¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É¤¬
¤¢¤ë¤Ê¤é¤Ð¡¢¤½¤ì¤¬¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤Î°ú¤­¿ô¤È¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤)¡£
°Ê²¼¤Ëµó¤²¤ëʸ»ú¤ò¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É°ú¤­¿ô¤ÎÃæ¤ÇÍѤ¤¤ë¤È¤­¤Ï¡¢'\e' ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ
¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¡£ ',', ':', '=', '\e' ¤¬
¤½¤ì¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¥¹¥Ú¥·¥ã¥ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É \f(CW"sudoedit"\fR ¤Ï¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ 
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤ò \fB-e\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óÉÕ¤­¤Ç (¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï¡¢\fBsudoedit\fR ¤È¤¤¤¦
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É̾¤Ç) ¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤òµö²Ä¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó°ú¤­¿ô¤ò¼è¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢ÉáÄ̤Υ³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤È¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯
ƱÍͤǤ¢¤ë¡£
.\"O .Sh "Defaults"
.Sh "¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î»ØÄê (Defaults)"
.IX Subsection "Defaults"
.\"O Certain configuration options may be changed from their default
.\"O values at runtime via one or more \f(CW\*(C`Default_Entry\*(C'\fR lines.  These
.\"O may affect all users on any host, all users on a specific host, a
.\"O specific user, a specific command, or commands being run as a specific user.
.\"O Note that per-command entries may not include command line arguments.
.\"O If you need to specify arguments, define a \f(CW\*(C`Cmnd_Alias\*(C'\fR and reference
.\"O that instead.
.\"O .PP
¤«¤Ê¤ê¤ÎÀßÄꥪ¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¡¢°ì¹Ô°Ê¾å¤Î \f(CW\*(C`Default_Entry\*(C'\fR ¹Ô¤ò
»È¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¼Â¹Ô»þ¤Ë¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÎÃͤ«¤éÊѹ¹²Äǽ¤À¡£¤½¤Î¸ú²Ì¤ÎµÚ¤ÖÈϰϤϡ¢
Ǥ°Õ¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤ë¤·¡¢¤¢¤ëÆÃÄê¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î
¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¢¤¢¤ëÆÃÄê¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¢¤¢¤ëÆÃÄê¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¡¢
¤¢¤ëÆÃÄê¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤È¤·¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ë¸ÂÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
µ¤¤òÉÕ¤±¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¤Î¤Ï¡¢¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ë¸ÂÄꤷ¤¿ Defaults ¹Ô¤Ë
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó°ú¤­¿ô¤Þ¤Ç½ñ¤¯¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤À¡£°ú¤­¿ô¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ëɬÍפ¬
¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢\f(CW\*(C`Cmnd_Alias\*(C'\fR ¤òÄêµÁ¤·¤Æ¡¢Âå¤ï¤ê¤Ë¤½¤ì¤ò
»²¾È¤¹¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤¡£
.PP
.Vb 5
\& Default_Type ::= \*(AqDefaults\*(Aq |
\&                  \*(AqDefaults\*(Aq \*(Aq@\*(Aq Host_List |
\&                  \*(AqDefaults\*(Aq \*(Aq:\*(Aq User_List |
\&                  \*(AqDefaults\*(Aq \*(Aq!\*(Aq Cmnd_List |
\&                  \*(AqDefaults\*(Aq \*(Aq>\*(Aq Runas_List
\&
\& Default_Entry ::= Default_Type Parameter_List
\&
\& Parameter_List ::= Parameter |
\&                    Parameter \*(Aq,\*(Aq Parameter_List
\&
\& Parameter ::= Parameter \*(Aq=\*(Aq Value |
\&               Parameter \*(Aq+=\*(Aq Value |
\&               Parameter \*(Aq\-=\*(Aq Value |
\&               \*(Aq!\*(Aq* Parameter
.Ve
.PP
.\"O Parameters may be \fBflags\fR, \fBinteger\fR values, \fBstrings\fR, or \fBlists\fR.
.\"O Flags are implicitly boolean and can be turned off via the '!'
.\"O operator.  Some integer, string and list parameters may also be
.\"O used in a boolean context to disable them.  Values may be enclosed
.\"O in double quotes (\f(CW\*(C`"\*(C'\fR) when they contain multiple words.  Special
.\"O characters may be escaped with a backslash (\f(CW\*(C`\e\*(C'\fR).
.\"O .PP
¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤Ï\fB¥Õ¥é¥°\fR¡¢\fBÀ°¿ôÃÍ\fR¡¢\fBʸ»úÎó\fR¡¢\fB¥ê¥¹¥È\fR ¤Î
¤É¤ì¤Ç¤â¤è¤¤¡£¥Õ¥é¥°¤ÏÍפ¹¤ë¤Ë¥Ö¡¼¥ê¥¢¥ó (¿¿µ¶ÃÍ) ¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢'!' ±é»»»Ò¤Ç 
off ¤Ë¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£À°¿ôÃÍ¡¢Ê¸»úÎ󡢥ꥹ¥È¤Î¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤Ë¤â¡¢¿¿µ¶ÃͤȤ·¤Æ»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¡¢
¤½¤ì¤ò̵¸ú¤Ë¤Ç¤­¤ë¤â¤Î¤¬¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«Â¸ºß¤¹¤ë¡£¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤ÎÃͤ¬Ê£¿ô¤Îñ¸ì¤ò
´Þ¤à¤È¤­¤Ï¡¢Ãͤò¥À¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥ª¡¼¥È (\f(CW\*(C`"\*(C'\fR) ¤Ç°Ï¤à¤È¤è¤¤¡£
Æüìʸ»ú¤Ï¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¹¥é¥Ã¥·¥å (\f(CW\*(C`\e\*(C'\fR) ¤Ç¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬
¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O Lists have two additional assignment operators, \f(CW\*(C`+=\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\-=\*(C'\fR.
.\"O These operators are used to add to and delete from a list respectively.
.\"O It is not an error to use the \f(CW\*(C`\-=\*(C'\fR operator to remove an element
.\"O that does not exist in a list.
.\"O .PP
¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ë¤ÏÂåÆþ±é»»»Ò¤¬ \f(CW\*(C`\=\*(C'\fR ¤Î¤Û¤«¤Ë¤â¤¦Æó¤Ä¤¢¤ë¡£
\&\f(CW\*(C`+=\*(C'\fR ¤È \f(CW\*(C`\-=\*(C'\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¤³¤¦¤·¤¿±é»»»Ò¤Ï
¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¥ê¥¹¥È¤ËÉÕ¤±²Ã¤¨¤¿¤ê¡¢¥ê¥¹¥È¤«¤éºï½ü¤·¤¿¤ê¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¡£
\&\f(CW\*(C`\-=\*(C'\fR ±é»»»Ò¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ë¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤¤Í×ÁǤò
¾Ãµî¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢¥¨¥é¡¼¤Ë¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
.PP
.\"O Defaults entries are parsed in the following order: generic, host
.\"O and user Defaults first, then runas Defaults and finally command
.\"O defaults.
.\"O .PP
Defaults ¹Ô¤Î²òÀϤϡ¢¼¡¤Î½ç½ø¤Ç¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£ºÇ½é¤ËÈÆÍÑ¡¢Host¡¢User ¤Î
Defaults ¤¬²òÀϤµ¤ì¡¢¤½¤ì¤«¤é Runas¡¢ºÇ¸å¤Ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Î Defaults ¤Î½çÈ֤ˤʤ롣
.PP
.\"O See \*(L"\s-1SUDOERS\s0 \s-1OPTIONS\s0\*(R" for a list of supported Defaults parameters.
Defaults ¹Ô¤Ç»ÈÍѤǤ­¤ë¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢
¡ÖSUDOERS ¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¡×¤ò¸æÍ÷¤¤¤¿¤À¤­¤¿¤¤¡£
.\"O .Sh "User Specification"
.Sh "¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ÎÀßÄê (User Specification)"
.IX Subsection "User Specification"
.Vb 2
\& User_Spec ::= User_List Host_List \*(Aq=\*(Aq Cmnd_Spec_List \e
\&               (\*(Aq:\*(Aq Host_List \*(Aq=\*(Aq Cmnd_Spec_List)*
\&
\& Cmnd_Spec_List ::= Cmnd_Spec |
\&                    Cmnd_Spec \*(Aq,\*(Aq Cmnd_Spec_List
\&
\& Cmnd_Spec ::= Runas_Spec? Tag_Spec* Cmnd
\&
\& Runas_Spec ::= \*(Aq(\*(Aq Runas_List? (\*(Aq:\*(Aq Runas_List)? \*(Aq)\*(Aq
\&
\& Tag_Spec ::= (\*(AqNOPASSWD:\*(Aq | \*(AqPASSWD:\*(Aq | \*(AqNOEXEC:\*(Aq | \*(AqEXEC:\*(Aq |
\&               \*(AqSETENV:\*(Aq | \*(AqNOSETENV:\*(Aq )
.Ve
.PP
.\"O A \fBuser specification\fR determines which commands a user may run
.\"O (and as what user) on specified hosts.  By default, commands are
.\"O run as \fBroot\fR, but this can be changed on a per-command basis.
.\"O .PP
\&\fB¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ÎÀßÄê\fR¤Ï¡¢¤¢¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ç (¤É¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë
ÊѿȤ·¤Æ) ¤É¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤«¤ò·èÄꤹ¤ë¡£¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï \fBroot\fR ¤ËÊѿȤ·¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤ë¤¬¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ï¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤´¤È¤Ë
Êѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O The basic structure of a user specification is `who = where (as_whom)
.\"O what'.  Let's break that down into its constituent parts:
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ÎÀßÄê¤Î´ðËܹ½Â¤¤Ï¡¢¡Ö郎 ¤É¤³¤Ç = (ï¤ËÊѿȤ·¤Æ) ²¿¤ò¡×
¤Ç¤¢¤ë (who where = (as_whom) what)¡£
¹½À®Éôʬ¤Ëʬ¤±¤ÆÀâÌÀ¤·¤è¤¦¡£
.\"O .Sh "Runas_Spec"
.Sh "Runas_Spec (¤É¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ä¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ËÊѿȤǤ­¤ë¤«)"
.IX Subsection "Runas_Spec"
.\"O A \f(CW\*(C`Runas_Spec\*(C'\fR determines the user and/or the group that a command
.\"O may be run as.  A fully-specified \f(CW\*(C`Runas_Spec\*(C'\fR consists of two
.\"O \&\f(CW\*(C`Runas_List\*(C'\fRs (as defined above) separated by a colon (':') and
.\"O enclosed in a set of parentheses.  The first \f(CW\*(C`Runas_List\*(C'\fR indicates
.\"O which users the command may be run as via \fBsudo\fR's \fB\-u\fR option.
.\"O The second defines a list of groups that can be specified via
.\"O \&\fBsudo\fR's \fB\-g\fR option.  If both \f(CW\*(C`Runas_List\*(C'\fRs are specified, the
.\"O command may be run with any combination of users and groups listed
.\"O in their respective \f(CW\*(C`Runas_List\*(C'\fRs.  If only the first is specified,
.\"O the command may be run as any user in the list but no \fB\-g\fR option
.\"O may be specified.  If the first \f(CW\*(C`Runas_List\*(C'\fR is empty but the
.\"O second is specified, the command may be run as the invoking user
.\"O with the group set to any listed in the \f(CW\*(C`Runas_List\*(C'\fR.  If no
.\"O \&\f(CW\*(C`Runas_Spec\*(C'\fR is specified the command may be run as \fBroot\fR and
.\"O no group may be specified.
.\"O .PP
\&\f(CW\*(C`Runas_Spec\*(C'\fR ¤ÏÊѿȤÎÂоݤȤʤë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ä¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ò
µ¬Äꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£´°Á´¤Ê·Á¤Î  \f(CW\*(C`Runas_Spec\*(C'\fR ¤Ï¡¢(¾å¤ÇÄêµÁ¤·¤Æ
¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë) ¥³¥í¥ó (':') ¤Ç¶èÀÚ¤é¤ì¡¢¥«¥Ã¥³¤Ç°Ï¤Þ¤ì¤¿¡¢Æó¤Ä¤Î 
\&\f(CW\*(C`Runas_List\*(C'\fR ¤«¤é¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
°ì¤ÄÌܤΠ\f(CW\*(C`Runas_List\*(C'\fR ¤Ï¡¢
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤Ç \fB\-u\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¤È¤­¤ËÊѿȤǤ­¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ò
»Ø¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£ÆóÈÖÌܤÎÊý¤¬µ¬Äꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤Î \fB\-g\fR
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ»ØÄê¤Ç¤­¤ë¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤À¡£
ξÊý¤Î \f(CW\*(C`Runas_List\*(C'\fR ¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢
¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î \f(CW\*(C`Runas_List\*(C'\fR ¤Ë¥ê¥¹¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤È
¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ÎǤ°Õ¤ÎÁȤ߹ç¤ï¤»¤Ç¡¢¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬²Äǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
°ì¤ÄÌܤΠ\f(CW\*(C`Runas_List\*(C'\fR ¤À¤±¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤­¤Ï¡¢
¥ê¥¹¥ÈÃæ¤Î¤¤¤«¤Ê¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¤Ç¤âÊѿȤ·¤Æ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤¬¡¢
\&\fB\-g\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¡£
°ì¤ÄÌܤΠ\f(CW\*(C`Runas_List\*(C'\fR ¤¬¶õ¤Ç¡¢ÆóÈÖÌܤÀ¤±»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î»ñ³Ê¤Ç¡¢¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ò
\&\f(CW\*(C`Runas_List\*(C'\fR ¤Ë¥ê¥¹¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëǤ°Õ¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ËÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¡¢
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£\f(CW\*(C`Runas_Spec\*(C'\fR ¤¬¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯
»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤È¤­¤Ï¡¢
\&\fBroot\fR ¤È¤·¤Æ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤¬¡¢¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¡£
.PP
.\"O A \f(CW\*(C`Runas_Spec\*(C'\fR sets the default for the commands that follow it.
.\"O What this means is that for the entry:
.\"O .PP
\&\f(CW\*(C`Runas_Spec\*(C'\fR ¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ë³¤¯¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ò
Äê¤á¤ë¡£¤½¤ì¤Ï¤É¤¦¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤«¤È¸À¤¦¤È¡¢¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤È¤·¤è¤¦¡£
.PP
.Vb 1
\& dgb    boulder = (operator) /bin/ls, /bin/kill, /usr/bin/lprm
.Ve
.PP
.\"O The user \fBdgb\fR may run \fI/bin/ls\fR, \fI/bin/kill\fR, and
.\"O \&\fI/usr/bin/lprm\fR \*(-- but only as \fBoperator\fR.  E.g.,
.\"O .PP
¥æ¡¼¥¶ \fBdgb\fR ¤Ï \fI/bin/ls\fR, \fI/bin/kill\fR,
\&\fI/usr/bin/lprm\fR ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£¤¿¤À¤·¡¢\&\fBoperator\fR 
¤È¤·¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤À¤±¤À¡£¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.PP
.Vb 1
.\"O \& $ sudo \-u operator /bin/ls.
\& $ sudo \-u operator /bin/ls
.Ve
.PP
.\"O It is also possible to override a \f(CW\*(C`Runas_Spec\*(C'\fR later on in an
.\"O entry.  If we modify the entry like so:
.\"O .PP
¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Î¸å¤í¤ÎÊý¤Î \f(CW\*(C`Runas_Spec\*(C'\fR ¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â²Äǽ¤À¡£
¾å¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò¤³¤ó¤Ê¤Õ¤¦¤Ë½ñ¤­ÊѤ¨¤¿¤È¤·¤è¤¦¡£
.PP
.Vb 1
\& dgb    boulder = (operator) /bin/ls, (root) /bin/kill, /usr/bin/lprm
.Ve
.PP
.\"O Then user \fBdgb\fR is now allowed to run \fI/bin/ls\fR as \fBoperator\fR,
.\"O but  \fI/bin/kill\fR and \fI/usr/bin/lprm\fR as \fBroot\fR.
.\"O .PP
¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶ \fBdgb\fR ¤Ï¡¢\fI/bin/ls\fR ¤³¤½ \fBoperator\fR ¤È¤·¤Æ¤À¤¬¡¢
\&\fI/bin/kill\fR ¤ä \fI/usr/bin/lprm\fR ¤Ï \fBroot\fR ¤Î»ñ³Ê¤Ç
¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O We can extend this to allow \fBdgb\fR to run \f(CW\*(C`/bin/ls\*(C'\fR with either
.\"O the user or group set to \fBoperator\fR:
.\"O .PP
\&\fBdgb\fR ¤¬ \f(CW\*(C`/bin/ls\*(C'\fR ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¡¢
ÊÑ¿ÈÂоݥ桼¥¶¤È¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Î¤É¤Á¤é¤Ç¤â \fBoperator\fR ¤Ë¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢
¤³¤Îµ­½Ò¤ò³ÈÄ¥¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.PP
.Vb 2
\& dgb    boulder = (operator : operator) /bin/ls, (root) /bin/kill, \e
\&        /usr/bin/lprm
.Ve
.PP
.\"O In the following example, user \fBtcm\fR may run commands that access
.\"O a modem device file with the dialer group.  Note that in this example
.\"O only the group will be set, the command still runs as user \fBtcm\fR.
.\"O .PP
¼¡¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶ \fBtcm\fR ¤¬ ¥â¥Ç¥à¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤¹¤ë
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò dialer ¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤È¤·¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
¤³¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤·¤«»ØÄê¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¡£¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï
¥æ¡¼¥¶ \fBtcm\fR ¤Î»ñ³Ê¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.PP
.Vb 2
\& tcm    boulder = (:dialer) /usr/bin/tip, /usr/bin/cu, \e
\&        /usr/local/bin/minicom
.Ve
.Sh "Tag_Spec"
.IX Subsection "Tag_Spec"
.\"O A command may have zero or more tags associated with it.  There are
.\"O eight possible tag values, \f(CW\*(C`NOPASSWD\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`PASSWD\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`NOEXEC\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`EXEC\*(C'\fR,
.\"O \&\f(CW\*(C`SETENV\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`NOSETENV\*(C'\fR.
.\"O Once a tag is set on a \f(CW\*(C`Cmnd\*(C'\fR, subsequent \f(CW\*(C`Cmnd\*(C'\fRs in the
.\"O \&\f(CW\*(C`Cmnd_Spec_List\*(C'\fR, inherit the tag unless it is overridden by the
.\"O opposite tag (i.e.: \f(CW\*(C`PASSWD\*(C'\fR overrides \f(CW\*(C`NOPASSWD\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`NOEXEC\*(C'\fR
.\"O overrides \f(CW\*(C`EXEC\*(C'\fR).
.\"O .PP
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï 0 ¸Ä°Ê¾å¤Î¥¿¥°¤òȼ¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£¥¿¥°¤ÎÃͤȤ·¤Æ¤Ï¡¢ 
\&\f(CW\*(C`NOPASSWD\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`PASSWD\*(C'\fR,
\&\f(CW\*(C`NOEXEC\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`EXEC\*(C'\fR,
\&\f(CW\*(C`SETENV\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`NOSETENV\*(C'\fR ¤ÎÏ»¤Ä¤¬²Äǽ¤Ç
¤¢¤ë¡£¤¢¤ë \f(CW\*(C`Cmnd\*(C'\fR ¤Ë¥¿¥°¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢
\&\f(CW\*(C`Cmnd_Spec_List\*(C'\fR Ãæ¤Î¤½¤ì°Ê¸å¤Î 
\&\f(CW\*(C`Cmnd\*(C'\fR ¤Ï¡¢È¿ÂФΰÕÌ£¤ò»ý¤Ä¥¿¥°¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÊѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤«¤®¤ê¡¢
¤½¤Î¥¿¥°¤ò·Ñ¾µ¤¹¤ë (¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢\f(CW\*(C`PASSWD\*(C'\fR ¤Ï 
\&\f(CW\*(C`NOPASSWD\*(C'\fR ¤ò¾å½ñ¤­¤·¡¢\f(CW\*(C`NOEXEC\*(C'\fR ¤Ï 
\&\f(CW\*(C`EXEC\*(C'\fR ¤ò¾å½ñ¤­¤¹¤ë¤ï¤±¤À)¡£
.PP
.\"O \fI\s-1NOPASSWD\s0 and \s-1PASSWD\s0\fR
\fI\s-1NOPASSWD\s0 ¤È \s-1PASSWD\s0\fR
.IX Subsection "NOPASSWD and PASSWD"
.PP
.\"O By default, \fBsudo\fR requires that a user authenticate him or herself
.\"O before running a command.  This behavior can be modified via the
.\"O \&\f(CW\*(C`NOPASSWD\*(C'\fR tag.  Like a \f(CW\*(C`Runas_Spec\*(C'\fR, the \f(CW\*(C`NOPASSWD\*(C'\fR tag sets
.\"O a default for the commands that follow it in the \f(CW\*(C`Cmnd_Spec_List\*(C'\fR.
.\"O Conversely, the \f(CW\*(C`PASSWD\*(C'\fR tag can be used to reverse things.
.\"O For example:
.\"O .PP
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤Ï¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ëÁ°¤Ë¡¢
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ËܿͤǤ¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¾ÚÌÀ¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ëµá¤á¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¿¶Éñ¤¤¤Ï 
\&\f(CW\*(C`NOPASSWD\*(C'\fR ¥¿¥°¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
\&\f(CW\*(C`Runas_Spec\*(C'\fR ¤ÈƱÍÍ¡¢\f(CW\*(C`NOPASSWD\*(C'\fR ¥¿¥°¤â 
\&\f(CW\*(C`Cmnd_Spec_List\*(C'\fR Ãæ¤Î¤½¤ì¤Ë³¤¯¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ËÂФ·¤Æ
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤òÄê¤á¤ë¡£\f(CW\*(C`PASSWD\*(C'\fR ¤ÎƯ¤­¤ÏÈ¿ÂФǤ¢¤ê¡¢
¿¶Éñ¤¤¤ò¸µ¤ËÌᤷ¤¿¤¤¤È¤­¤Ë»È¤¨¤ë¡£¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢
.PP
.Vb 1
\& ray    rushmore = NOPASSWD: /bin/kill, /bin/ls, /usr/bin/lprm
.Ve
.PP
.\"O would allow the user \fBray\fR to run \fI/bin/kill\fR, \fI/bin/ls\fR, and
.\"O \&\fI/usr/bin/lprm\fR as \fBroot\fR on the machine rushmore without
.\"O authenticating himself.  If we only want \fBray\fR to be able to
.\"O run \fI/bin/kill\fR without a password the entry would be:
.\"O .PP
¤È¤¹¤ì¤Ð¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶ \fBray\fR ¤Ï¥Þ¥·¥ó rushmore ¾å¤Çǧ¾Ú¤ò¤·¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤â 
\&\fBroot\fR ¤È¤·¤Æ \fI/bin/kill\fR, \fI/bin/ls\fR,
\&\fI/usr/bin/lprm\fR ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£¤â¤· \fBray\fR ¤¬
¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ê¤·¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò \fI/bin/kill\fR ¤À¤±¤Ë
¹Ê¤ê¤¿¤¤¤Î¤Ê¤é¡¢¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ï¤³¤¦¤Ê¤ë¤À¤í¤¦¡£
.PP
.Vb 1
\& ray    rushmore = NOPASSWD: /bin/kill, PASSWD: /bin/ls, /usr/bin/lprm
.Ve
.PP
.\"O Note, however, that the \f(CW\*(C`PASSWD\*(C'\fR tag has no effect on users who are
.\"O in the group specified by the \fIexempt_group\fR option.
.\"O .PP
¤¿¤À¤·¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ \fIexempt_group\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ë
°¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢\f(CW\*(C`PASSWD\*(C'\fR ¥¿¥°¤¬¸ú²Ì¤ò»ý¤¿¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤Ë
Ãí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¡£
.PP
.\"O By default, if the \f(CW\*(C`NOPASSWD\*(C'\fR tag is applied to any of the entries
.\"O for a user on the current host, he or she will be able to run
.\"O \&\f(CW\*(C`sudo \-l\*(C'\fR without a password.  Additionally, a user may only run
.\"O \&\f(CW\*(C`sudo \-v\*(C'\fR without a password if the \f(CW\*(C`NOPASSWD\*(C'\fR tag is present
.\"O for all a user's entries that pertain to the current host.
.\"O This behavior may be overridden via the verifypw and listpw options.
.\"O .PP
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¸½ºß»ÈÍÑÃæ¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Ë 
\&\f(CW\*(C`NOPASSWD\*(C'\fR ¥¿¥°¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î¤¬°ì¤Ä¤Ç¤â¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢
¤½¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ê¤·¤Ç \f(CW\*(C`sudo \-l\*(C'\fR ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤Ê¤ª¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ê¤·¤Ç \f(CW\*(C`sudo \-v\*(C'\fR ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢
¸½ºß»ÈÍÑÃæ¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¤½¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Ç
\&\f(CW\*(C`NOPASSWD\*(C'\fR ¥¿¥°¤¬À¸¤­¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤­¤Î¤ß¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¤³¤ÎÆ°ºî¤Ï¡¢
\&\fIverifypw\fR ¤ä \fIlistpw\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÊѹ¹¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O \fI\s-1NOEXEC\s0 and \s-1EXEC\s0\fR
\fI\s-1NOEXEC\s0 ¤È \s-1EXEC\s0\fR
.IX Subsection "NOEXEC and EXEC"
.PP
.\"O If \fBsudo\fR has been compiled with \fInoexec\fR support and the underlying
.\"O operating system supports it, the \f(CW\*(C`NOEXEC\*(C'\fR tag can be used to prevent
.\"O a dynamically-linked executable from running further commands itself.
.\"O .PP
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤¬ \fInoexec\fR ¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ä¤­¤Ç¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤µ¤ì¡¢
²¼¤Ç²ÔƯ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬¤½¤ì¤ËÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢
\&\f(CW\*(C`NOEXEC\*(C'\fR ¥¿¥°¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ì¤Ð¡¢Æ°Åª¤Ë¥ê¥ó¥¯¤µ¤ì¤¿¼Â¹Ô¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬
¤½¤³¤«¤é¤µ¤é¤Ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤Î¤òËɤ°¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O In the following example, user \fBaaron\fR may run \fI/usr/bin/more\fR
.\"O and \fI/usr/bin/vi\fR but shell escapes will be disabled.
.\"O .PP
¼¡¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶ \fBaaron\fR ¤Ï \fI/usr/bin/more\fR ¤È 
\&\fI/usr/bin/vi\fR ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤¬¡¢¥·¥§¥ë¡¦¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤ÏÍøÍѤǤ­¤Ê¤¤¡£
.PP
.Vb 1
\& aaron  shanty = NOEXEC: /usr/bin/more, /usr/bin/vi
.Ve
.PP
.\"O See the \*(L"\s-1PREVENTING\s0 \s-1SHELL\s0 \s-1ESCAPES\s0\*(R" section below for more details
.\"O on how \f(CW\*(C`NOEXEC\*(C'\fR works and whether or not it will work on your system.
.\"O .PP
\&\f(CW\*(C`NOEXEC\*(C'\fR ¤¬¤É¤ó¤Ê¤Õ¤¦¤ËƯ¤¯¤Î¤«¡¢¤ª»È¤¤¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç
ÍøÍѤǤ­¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«¡¢¤Ê¤É¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤µ¤é¤Ë¾Ü¤·¤¯ÃΤꤿ¤«¤Ã¤¿¤é¡¢
¡Ö¥·¥§¥ë¡¦¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤òËɻߤ¹¤ë¡×¤Î¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò¸æÍ÷¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤À¤­¤¿¤¤¡£
.PP
.\"O \fI\s-1SETENV\s0 and \s-1NOSETENV\s0\fR
\fI\s-1SETENV\s0 ¤È \s-1NOSETENV\s0\fR
.IX Subsection "SETENV and NOSETENV"
.PP
.\"O These tags override the value of the \fIsetenv\fR option on a per-command
.\"O basis.  Note that if \f(CW\*(C`SETENV\*(C'\fR has been set for a command, any
.\"O environment variables set on the command line way are not subject
.\"O to the restrictions imposed by \fIenv_check\fR, \fIenv_delete\fR, or
.\"O \&\fIenv_keep\fR.  As such, only trusted users should be allowed to set
.\"O variables in this manner.  If the command matched is \fB\s-1ALL\s0\fR, the
.\"O \&\f(CW\*(C`SETENV\*(C'\fR tag is implied for that command; this default may
.\"O be overridden by use of the \f(CW\*(C`UNSETENV\*(C'\fR tag.
¾åµ­¤Î¥¿¥°¤Ï \fIsetenv\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÎÃͤò¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤´¤È¤ËÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¡£
Ãí°Õ¤¹¤Ù¤­¤Ï¡¢¤¢¤ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ËÂФ·¤Æ \f(CW\*(C`SETENV\*(C'\fR ¤¬
ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¡¢¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤«¤éÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤É¤ó¤Ê´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¤â \fIenv_check\fR,
\&\fIenv_delete\fR, \fIenv_keep\fR ¤Ë¤è¤ëµ¬À©¤ò¼õ¤±¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤À¤«¤é¡¢¤½¤¦¤·¤¿·Á¤Ç´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤òµö²Ä¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢
¿®ÍѤǤ­¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤À¤±¤Ë¸Â¤ë¤Ù¤­¤À¡£¤Ê¤ª¡¢¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤¬
\&\fB\s-1ALL\s0\fR ¤À¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢°ÅÌۤΤ¦¤Á¤Ë \f(CW\*(C`SETENV\*(C'\fR ¥¿¥°¤¬
¤½¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ËÉÕ¤±¤é¤ì¤ë¤¬¡¢¤³¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÎÆ°ºî¤Ï
\&\f(CW\*(C`UNSETENV\*(C'\fR ¥¿¥°¤ò»È¤¨¤ÐÂǤÁ¾Ã¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.\"O .Sh "Wildcards"
.Sh "¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É"
.IX Subsection "Wildcards"
.\"O \&\fBsudo\fR allows shell-style \fIwildcards\fR (aka meta or glob characters)
.\"O to be used in hostnames, pathnames and command line arguments in
.\"O the \fIsudoers\fR file.  Wildcard matching is done via the \fB\s-1POSIX\s0\fR
.\"O \&\fIglob\fR\|(3) and \fIfnmatch\fR\|(3) routines.  Note that these are \fInot\fR
.\"O regular expressions.
\&\fIsudoers\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥Û¥¹¥È̾¡¢¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤Î¥Ñ¥¹Ì¾¡¢
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤Î°ú¤­¿ô¤Ë¥·¥§¥ë·Á¼°¤Î¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É (¥á¥¿Ê¸»ú¤È¤«
glob ¥­¥ã¥é¥¯¥¿¤È¤â¸À¤¦) ¤¬»ÈÍѤǤ­¤ë¡£¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É¤Î¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¥ó¥°¤Ï
\&\fB\s-1POSIX\s0\fR ¤Î \fIglob\fR\|(3) ¤È \fIfnmatch\fR\|(3)
¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£\fB°Ê²¼¤Î¤â¤Î¤ÏÀµµ¬É½¸½¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤\fR¤³¤È¤Ë
Ãí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¡£
.ie n .IP "\*(C`*\*(C'" 8
.el .IP "\f(CW\*(C`*\*(C'\fR" 8
.IX Item "*"
.\"O Matches any set of zero or more characters.
¥¼¥í¸Ä°Ê¾å¤ÎǤ°Õ¤Îʸ»ú¤Ë¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¡£
.ie n .IP "\*(C`?\*(C'" 8
.el .IP "\f(CW\*(C`?\*(C'\fR" 8
.IX Item "?"
.\"O Matches any single character.
Ǥ°Õ¤Î°ìʸ»ú¤Ë¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¡£
.ie n .IP "\*(C`[...]\*(C'" 8
.el .IP "\f(CW\*(C`[...]\*(C'\fR" 8
.IX Item "[...]"
.\"O Matches any character in the specified range.
»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿ÈϰϤÎǤ°Õ¤Î°ìʸ»ú¤Ë¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¡£
.ie n .IP "\*(C`[!...]\*(C'" 8
.el .IP "\f(CW\*(C`[!...]\*(C'\fR" 8
.IX Item "[!...]"
.\"O Matches any character \fBnot\fR in the specified range.
»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿ÈÏ°Ï\fB°Ê³°\fR¤ÎǤ°Õ¤Î°ìʸ»ú¤Ë¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¡£
.ie n .IP "\*(C`\ex\*(C'" 8
.el .IP "\f(CW\*(C`\ex\*(C'\fR" 8
.IX Item "x"
.\"O For any character \*(L"x\*(R", evaluates to \*(L"x\*(R".  This is used to
.\"O escape special characters such as: \*(L"*\*(R", \*(L"?\*(R", \*(L"[\*(R", and \*(L"}\*(R".
.\"O .PP
\&\*(L"x\*(R" ¤¬¤É¤ó¤Êʸ»ú¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤â¡¢\*(L"x\*(R" ¤½¤Î¤â¤Î¤È¤·¤Æ
ɾ²Á¤¹¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï \*(L"*\*(R", \*(L"?\*(R", \*(L"[\*(R", \*(L"}\*(R" ¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿
Æüìʸ»ú¤ò¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O \&\s-1POSIX\s0 character classes may also be used if your system's \fIglob\fR\|(3)
.\"O and \fIfnmatch\fR\|(3) functions support them.  However, because the
.\"O \&\f(CW\*(Aq:\*(Aq\fR character has special meaning in \fIsudoers\fR, it must be
.\"O escaped.  For example:
.\"O .PP
»ÈÍÑ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î \fIglob\fR\|(3) ¤ä \fIfnmatch\fR\|(3) ´Ø¿ô¤¬
\&\s-1POSIX\s0 ¤Îʸ»ú¥¯¥é¥¹¤ËÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Ê¤é¡¢Ê¸»ú¥¯¥é¥¹¤â»ÈÍѤǤ­¤ë¡£
¤¿¤À¤·¡¢\f(CW\*(Aq:\*(Aq\fR ʸ»ú¤Ï¡¢\fIsudoers\fR ¤ÇÆÃÊ̤ʰÕÌ£¤ò
»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£°ìÎã¤ò¾å¤²¤ë¤È¡¢
.PP
.Vb 1
\&    /bin/ls [[\e:alpha\e:]]*
.Ve
.PP
.\"O Would match any filename beginning with a letter.
.\"O .PP
¾åµ­¤Ï¡¢Ê¸»ú¤Ç»Ï¤Þ¤ë¤É¤ó¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤Ë¤â¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¤À¤í¤¦¡£
.PP
.\"O Note that a forward slash ('/') will \fBnot\fR be matched by
.\"O wildcards used in the pathname.  When matching the command
.\"O line arguments, however, a slash \fBdoes\fR get matched by
.\"O wildcards.  This is to make a path like:
.\"O .PP
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Î¥Ñ¥¹Ì¾¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤¿¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É¤Ï¥Õ¥©¥ï¡¼¥É¥¹¥é¥Ã¥·¥å ('/') 
¤Ë\fB¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤·¤Ê¤¤\fR¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¡£¤À¤¬¡¢¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó°ú¤­¿ô¤È¤Î
¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¥ó¥°¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É¤Ï¥¹¥é¥Ã¥·¥å¤È\fB¤·¤Ã¤«¤ê¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë\fR¡£
¤½¤³¤Ç¡¢
.PP
.Vb 1
\&    /usr/bin/*
.Ve
.PP
.\"O match \fI/usr/bin/who\fR but not \fI/usr/bin/X11/xterm\fR.
¤È¤¤¤¦¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥Ñ¥¹¤Ï¡¢\fI/usr/bin/who\fR ¤È¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¤¬¡¢
\&\fI/usr/bin/X11/xterm\fR ¤È¤Ï¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤·¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
.\"O .Sh "Exceptions to wildcard rules"
.Sh "¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É¡¦¥ë¡¼¥ë¤ÎÎã³°"
.IX Subsection "Exceptions to wildcard rules"
.\"O The following exceptions apply to the above rules:
¾åµ­¥ë¡¼¥ë¤Ë¤Ï¼¡¤ÎÎã³°¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
.ie n .IP """""" 8
.el .IP "\f(CW``''\fR" 8
.IX Item """"""
.\"O If the empty string \f(CW""\fR is the only command line argument in the
.\"O \&\fIsudoers\fR entry it means that command is not allowed to be run
.\"O with \fBany\fR arguments.
\&\fIsudoers\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¢¶õʸ»úÎó \f(CW""\fR ¤¬Í£°ì
¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó°ú¤­¿ô¤À¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢¤½¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ë\fB¤¤¤«¤Ê¤ë\fR°ú¤­¿ô¤òÉÕ
¤±¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤âµö¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.\"O .Sh "Including other files from within sudoers"
.Sh "sudoers ¤Ë¾¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¯¥ë¡¼¥É¤¹¤ë"
.IX Subsection "Including other files from within sudoers"
.\"O It is possible to include other \fIsudoers\fR files from within the
.\"O \&\fIsudoers\fR file currently being parsed using the \f(CW\*(C`#include\*(C'\fR and
.\"O \&\f(CW\*(C`#includedir\*(C'\fR directives.
.\"O .PP
\&\f(CW\*(C`#include\*(C'\fR Ì¿Îá¤ä \f(CW\*(C`#includedir\*(C'\fR Ì¿Îá¤ò
»È¤¨¤Ð¡¢¸½ºß²òÀÏÃæ¤Î \fIsudoers\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë³°Éô¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤Û¤«¤Î
\&\fIsudoers\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¯¥ë¡¼¥É¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O This can be used, for example, to keep a site-wide \fIsudoers\fR file
.\"O in addition to a local, per-machine file.  For the sake of this
.\"O example the site-wide \fIsudoers\fR will be \fI/etc/sudoers\fR and the
.\"O per-machine one will be \fI/etc/sudoers.local\fR.  To include
.\"O \&\fI/etc/sudoers.local\fR from within \fI/etc/sudoers\fR we would use the
.\"O following line in \fI/etc/sudoers\fR:
¤³¤ÎÊýË¡¤ò»È¤¨¤Ð¡¢¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢¥µ¥¤¥ÈÁ´ÂΤǻÈÍѤ¹¤ë \fIsudoers\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î
¤Û¤«¤Ë¡¢¥Þ¥·¥ó¤´¤È¤Î¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤Ê \fIsudoers\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò»ý¤Ä¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥µ¥¤¥ÈÁ´ÂΤΠ\fIsudoers\fR ¤ò \fI/etc/sudoers\fR ¤È¤·¡¢
¥Þ¥·¥ó¤´¤È¤ÎÊý¤Ï \fI/etc/sudoers.local\fR ¤È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤·¤è¤¦¡£
\&\fI/etc/sudoers\fR ¤Ë \fI/etc/sudoers.local\fR ¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¯¥ë¡¼¥É¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
\&\fI/etc/sudoers\fR Ãæ¤Ë¼¡¤Î¹Ô¤ò½ñ¤­¹þ¤à¡£
.Sp
.RS 4
\&\f(CW\*(C`#include /etc/sudoers.local\*(C'\fR
.RE
.PP
.\"O When \fBsudo\fR reaches this line it will suspend processing of the
.\"O current file (\fI/etc/sudoers\fR) and switch to \fI/etc/sudoers.local\fR.
.\"O Upon reaching the end of \fI/etc/sudoers.local\fR, the rest of
.\"O \&\fI/etc/sudoers\fR will be processed.  Files that are included may
.\"O themselves include other files.  A hard limit of 128 nested include
.\"O files is enforced to prevent include file loops.
.\"O .PP
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤Ï²òÀÏÃ椳¤Î¹Ô¤Ë½Ð²ñ¤¦¤È¡¢¥«¥ì¥ó¥È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë
(\fI/etc/sudoers\fR ¤À) ¤Î½èÍý¤ò°ì»þÃæ»ß¤·¡¢½èÍý¤ÎÂоݤò
\&\fI/etc/sudoers.local\fR ¤ËÀÚ¤êÂؤ¨¤ë¡£¤½¤·¤Æ¡¢
\&\fI/etc/sudoers.local\fR ¤ÎËöÈø¤Þ¤Ç㤷¤¿¤é¡¢\fI/etc/sudoers\fR ¤Î
»Ä¤ê¤ò½èÍý¤¹¤ë¤Î¤À¡£¥¤¥ó¥¯¥ë¡¼¥É¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬¤µ¤é¤Ë¾¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò
¥¤¥ó¥¯¥ë¡¼¥É¤·¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤¡£¥¤¥ó¥¯¥ë¡¼¥È¤Î¥Í¥¹¥È¤Ë¤Ï 128 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Þ¤Ç¤È¤¤¤¦
¥Ï¡¼¥É¡¦¥ê¥ß¥Ã¥È¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥¤¥ó¥¯¥ë¡¼¥É¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥ë¡¼¥×¤¬µ¯¤­¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë
¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O The filename may include the \f(CW%h\fR escape, signifying the short form
.\"O of the hostname.  I.e., if the machine's hostname is \*(L"xerxes\*(R", then
.\"O .PP
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤Ë¤Ï \f(CW%h\fR ¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤¬»È¤¨¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤Îû½Ì·Á¤ò
¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤¬ \*(L"xerxes\*(R" ¤Î¤È¤­¡¢
.PP
\&\f(CW\*(C`#include /etc/sudoers.%h\*(C'\fR
.PP
.\"O will cause \fBsudo\fR to include the file \fI/etc/sudoers.xerxes\fR.
.\"O .PP
¤È½ñ¤±¤Ð¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤Ï¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë \fI/etc/sudoers.xerxes\fR ¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¯¥ë¡¼¥É
¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O The \f(CW\*(C`#includedir\*(C'\fR directive can be used to create a \fIsudo.d\fR
.\"O directory that the system package manager can drop \fIsudoers\fR rules
.\"O into as part of package installation.  For example, given:
.\"O .PP
\&\f(CW\*(C`#includedir\*(C'\fR Ì¿Îá¤ò»È¤¨¤Ð¡¢\fIsudo.d\fR ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ò
ºî¤Ã¤Æ¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¢¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸´ÉÍý¼Ô¤¬¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë²áÄø¤Ç
\&\fIsudoers\fR ¤Î¥ë¡¼¥ë¤òµ­¤·¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¤½¤³¤ËÆþ¤ì¤Æ¤ä¤ë¡¢¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¤¬
²Äǽ¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë½ñ¤¯¤È¡¢
.PP
\&\f(CW\*(C`#includedir /etc/sudoers.d\*(C'\fR
.PP
.\"O \&\fBsudo\fR will read each file in \fI/etc/sudoers.d\fR, skipping file
.\"O names that end in \f(CW\*(C`~\*(C'\fR or contain a \f(CW\*(C`.\*(C'\fR character to avoid causing
.\"O problems with package manager or editor temporary/backup files.
.\"O Files are parsed in sorted lexical order.  That is,
.\"O \&\fI/etc/sudoers.d/01_first\fR will be parsed before
.\"O \&\fI/etc/sudoers.d/10_second\fR.  Be aware that because the sorting is
.\"O lexical, not numeric, \fI/etc/sudoers.d/1_whoops\fR would be loaded
.\"O \&\fBafter\fR \fI/etc/sudoers.d/10_second\fR.  Using a consistent number
.\"O of leading zeroes in the file names can be used to avoid such
.\"O problems.
.\"O .PP
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤Ï \fI/etc/sudoers.d\fR ¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò°ì¤Ä¤Å¤ÄÆɤ߹þ¤à¡£
¤¿¤À¤·¡¢ËöÈø¤¬ \f(CW\*(C`~\*(C'\fR ¤À¤Ã¤¿¤ê¡¢\f(CW\*(C`.\*(C'\fR ʸ»ú¤ò
´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤¿¤ê¤¹¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤Ï¥¹¥­¥Ã¥×¤¹¤ë¤¬¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ï ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¥Þ¥Í¡¼¥¸¥ã¤ä
¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤¬ºî¤Ã¤¿¡¢¥Æ¥ó¥Ý¥é¥ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ä¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÆɤ߹þ¤à¤è¤¦¤Ê
ÌäÂê¤òµ¯¤³¤µ¤Ê¤¤¤¿¤á¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¼­½ñ½ç¤Ë¥½¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¡¢²òÀϤµ¤ì¤ë¡£
¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢\fI/etc/sudoers.d/01_first\fR ¤¬ \fI/etc/sudoers.d/10_second\fR
¤è¤êÁ°¤Ë²òÀϤµ¤ì¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤À¡£¥½¡¼¥È¤Ï¼­½ñ½ç¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¿ôÃͤνç¤Ç¤Ï
¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢\fI/etc/sudoers.d/1_whoops\fR ¤È¤¤¤¦¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤â¡¢
\&\fI/etc/sudoers.d/10_second\fR \fB¤è¤ê¸å¤Ç\fR¥í¡¼¥É¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë
Ãí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¡£¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤ÎÀèƬ¤ò 0 ¤ÇËä¤á¤Æ¿ô»ú¤Î·å¤ò·¤¨¤ì¤Ð¡¢
¤³¤¦¤·¤¿ÌäÂê¤ò²óÈò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O Note that unlike files included via \f(CW\*(C`#include\*(C'\fR, \fBvisudo\fR will not
.\"O edit the files in a \f(CW\*(C`#includedir\*(C'\fR directory unless one of them
.\"O contains a syntax error.  It is still possible to run \fBvisudo\fR
.\"O with the \f(CW\*(C`\-f\*(C'\fR flag to edit the files directly.
µ¤¤òÉÕ¤±¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¤¬¡¢\f(CW\*(C`#include\*(C'\fR ¤Ç¥¤¥ó¥¯¥ë¡¼¥É¤µ¤ì¤¿
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤È¤Ï°ã¤Ã¤Æ (ÌõÃí: \fBvisudo\fR ¤Ï \fI/etc/sudoers\fR ¤ò
ÊÔ½¸¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¡¢\f(CW\*(C`#include\*(C'\fR ¤Ç»ØÄꤷ¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢
³¤±¤Æ¤½¤ì¤âÊÔ½¸¤¹¤ë)¡¢
\&\fBvisudo\fR ¤¬ \f(CW\*(C`#includedir\*(C'\fR ¤Ç»ØÄꤷ¤¿¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Þ¤ÇÊÔ½¸¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢¥·¥ó¥¿¥¯¥¹¥¨¥é¡¼¤ò´Þ¤à¤â¤Î¤¬¤¢¤ë¤È¤­¤À¤±¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤È¤Ï¸À¤¨¡¢\fBvisudo\fR ¤ò \f(CW\*(C`\-f\*(C'\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óÉÕ¤­¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¡¢
¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥êÃæ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òľÀÜÊÔ½¸¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï²Äǽ¤À¡£
.\"O .Sh "Other special characters and reserved words"
.Sh "¤Û¤«¤ÎÆüìʸ»ú¤ÈͽÌó¸ì"
.IX Subsection "Other special characters and reserved words"
.\"O The pound sign ('#') is used to indicate a comment (unless it is
.\"O part of a #include directive or unless it occurs in the context of
.\"O a user name and is followed by one or more digits, in which case
.\"O it is treated as a uid).  Both the comment character and any text
.\"O after it, up to the end of the line, are ignored.
.\"O .PP
¥Ñ¥¦¥ó¥Éµ­¹æ ('#') ¤Ï¥³¥á¥ó¥È¤ò¼¨¤¹¤Î¤Ë»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ë (Îã³°¤Ï¡¢#include Ì¿Îá¤Î
°ìÉô¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤­¤ä¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¤Ë´ØÏ¢¤·¤Æ¸½¤ì¡¢¤½¤Î¸å¤Ë°ì¸Ä°Ê¾å¤Î¿ô»ú¤¬
³¤¯¤È¤­¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢¸å¼Ô¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï uid ¤È¸«¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤ë)¡£¥³¥á¥ó¥Èµ­¹æ¤È
¤½¤ì¤Ë³¤¯¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤Ï¡¢¹ÔËö¤Ë¤¤¤¿¤ë¤Þ¤Ç̵»ë¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O The reserved word \fB\s-1ALL\s0\fR is a built-in \fIalias\fR that always causes
.\"O a match to succeed.  It can be used wherever one might otherwise
.\"O use a \f(CW\*(C`Cmnd_Alias\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`User_Alias\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`Runas_Alias\*(C'\fR, or \f(CW\*(C`Host_Alias\*(C'\fR.
.\"O You should not try to define your own \fIalias\fR called \fB\s-1ALL\s0\fR as the
.\"O built-in alias will be used in preference to your own.  Please note
.\"O that using \fB\s-1ALL\s0\fR can be dangerous since in a command context, it
.\"O allows the user to run \fBany\fR command on the system.
.\"O .PP
ͽÌó¸ì \fB\s-1ALL\s0\fR ¤ÏÁȹþ¤ß¤Î¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢²¿¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤Ç¤â
¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¡£\fB\s-1ALL\s0\fR ¤Ï¡¢\f(CW\*(C`Cmnd_Alias\*(C'\fR,
\&\f(CW\*(C`User_Alias\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`Runas_Alias\*(C'\fR,
\&\f(CW\*(C`Host_Alias\*(C'\fR ¤òÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë»È¤¨¤ë¤È¤³¤í¤Ê¤é¡¢¤É¤³¤Ç¤â
»ÈÍѤǤ­¤ë¡£\fB\s-1ALL\s0\fR ¤È¤¤¤¦Ì¾Á°¤Î¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¤ò¼«Ê¬¤ÇÄêµÁ¤·¤è¤¦¤È
¤·¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤¡£Áȹþ¤ß¤Î¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¤ÎÊý¤¬¡¢¼«Ê¬¤Çºî¤Ã¤¿¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¤è¤ê
Í¥À褷¤Æ»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤«¤é¤À¡£\fB\s-1ALL\s0\fR ¤Î»ÈÍÑ¤Ë¤Ï´í¸±¤¬È¼¤¦¤³¤È¤¬
¤¢¤ë¤Î¤ò˺¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¤¤¿¤À¤­¤¿¤¤¡£¤Ê¤¼¤Ê¤é¡¢\fB\s-1ALL\s0\fR ¤ò
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ»È¤¦¤È¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¾å¤Î\fB¤É¤ó¤Ê\fR¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç¤â
¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤òµö¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤«¤é¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O An exclamation point ('!') can be used as a logical \fInot\fR operator
.\"O both in an \fIalias\fR and in front of a \f(CW\*(C`Cmnd\*(C'\fR.  This allows one to
.\"O exclude certain values.  Note, however, that using a \f(CW\*(C`!\*(C'\fR in
.\"O conjunction with the built-in \f(CW\*(C`ALL\*(C'\fR alias to allow a user to
.\"O run \*(L"all but a few\*(R" commands rarely works as intended (see \s-1SECURITY\s0
.\"O \&\s-1NOTES\s0 below).
.\"O .PP
¥¨¥¯¥¹¥¯¥é¥á¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥Þ¡¼¥¯ ('!') ¤Ï¡¢¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¤Ç¤â 
\&\f(CW\*(C`Cmnd\*(C'\fR ¤ÎÁ°¤Ç¤âÏÀÍý \fInot\fR ±é»»»Ò¤È¤·¤Æ»ÈÍѤǤ­¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¤¢¤ëÃͤò½ü³°¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬²Äǽ¤À¡£¤·¤«¤·¤Ê¤¬¤é¡¢
Áȹþ¤ß¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹ \f(CW\*(C`ALL\*(C'\fR ¤È \f(CW\*(C`!\*(C'\fR ¤ò
ÁȤ߹ç¤ï¤»¤Æ¡¢¡ÖÆ󻰤Υ³¥Þ¥ó¥É°Ê³°¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¡×¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Î¼Â¹Ô¤ò¤¢¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë
µö²Ä¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢»×¤¤¤É¤ª¤ê¤ÎÆ°¤­¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤á¤Ã¤¿¤Ë¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤Ë
µ¤¤òÉÕ¤±¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤ (²¼µ­¤Î¡Ö¥»¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëÃí°ÕÅÀ¡×¤ò»²¾È)¡£
.PP
.\"O Long lines can be continued with a backslash ('\e') as the last
.\"O character on the line.
.\"O .PP
Ť¤¹Ô¤Ï¡¢¹ÔËö¤Ë¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¹¥é¥Ã¥·¥å ('\e') ¤òÃÖ¤±¤Ð¡¢·Ñ³¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O Whitespace between elements in a list as well as special syntactic
.\"O characters in a \fIUser Specification\fR ('=', ':', '(', ')') is optional.
.\"O .PP
¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ëÍ×ÁÇ´Ö¤ä¥æ¡¼¥¶ÀßÄê¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¹½Ê¸ÍÑÆüìʸ»ú 
('=', ':', '(', ')') ¤ÎÁ°¸å¤Ë¶õÇòʸ»ú (whitespace)¤òÆþ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢
Ǥ°Õ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O The following characters must be escaped with a backslash ('\e') when
.\"O used as part of a word (e.g.\ a username or hostname):
.\"O \&'@', '!', '=', ':', ',', '(', ')', '\e'.
¼¡¤Îʸ»ú¤òñ¸ì (¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¤È¤«¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤È¤«) ¤Î°ìÉô¤È¤·¤Æ»È¤¦¤È¤­¤Ï¡¢
¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¹¥é¥Ã¥·¥å ('\e') ¤Ç¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
\&'@', '!', '=', ':', ',', '(', ')', '\e' ¤¬¤½¤ì¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH "SUDOERS OPTIONS"
.SH "SUDOERS ¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó"
.IX Header "SUDOERS OPTIONS"
.\"O \&\fBsudo\fR's behavior can be modified by \f(CW\*(C`Default_Entry\*(C'\fR lines, as
.\"O explained earlier.  A list of all supported Defaults parameters,
.\"O grouped by type, are listed below.
.\"O .PP
¤¹¤Ç¤ËÀâÌÀ¤·¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤ÎÆ°ºî¤Ï 
\&\f(CW\*(C`Default_Entry\*(C'\fR ¹Ô¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
Defaults ¤ËÍ¿¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤Î¤Ç¤­¤ë¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¡¢¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â
¤Î¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ò¡¢¥¿¥¤¥×Ê̤ˤޤȤá¤Æ°Ê²¼¤ËÎóµó¤¹¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O \&\fBFlags\fR:
\&\fB¥Õ¥é¥°\fR:
.IP "always_set_home" 16
.IX Item "always_set_home"
.\"O If set, \fBsudo\fR will set the \f(CW\*(C`HOME\*(C'\fR environment variable to the home
.\"O directory of the target user (which is root unless the \fB\-u\fR option is used).
.\"O This effectively means that the \fB\-H\fR option is always implied.
.\"O This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
¤³¤ì¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤Ï´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô \f(CW\*(C`HOME\*(C'\fR ¤ò
ÊÑ¿ÈÂоݥ桼¥¶¤Î¥Û¡¼¥à¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë (\fB\-u\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬
»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤«¤®¤ê¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ï root ¤Ç¤¢¤ë)¡£»ö¼Â¾å¡¢°ÅÌۤΤ¦¤Á¤Ë \fBsudo\fR ¤Ë
\&\fB\-H\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¾ï¤Ë»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤ï¤±¤À¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIoff\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "authenticate" 16
.IX Item "authenticate"
.\"O If set, users must authenticate themselves via a password (or other
.\"O means of authentication) before they may run commands.  This default
.\"O may be overridden via the \f(CW\*(C`PASSWD\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`NOPASSWD\*(C'\fR tags.
.\"O This flag is \fIon\fR by default.
¤³¤ì¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Î¼Â¹Ô¤òµö²Ä¤µ¤ì¤ëÁ°¤Ë¡¢¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ç
(¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï¡¢¤Û¤«¤Îǧ¾ÚÊýË¡¤Ç) ǧ¾Ú¤ò¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£¤³¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥ÈÃͤÏ
\&\f(CW\*(C`PASSWD\*(C'\fR ¤ä \f(CW\*(C`NOPASSWD\*(C'\fR ¥¿¥°¤ÇÊѹ¹¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIon\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "closefrom_override" 16
.IX Item "closefrom_override"
.\"O If set, the user may use \fBsudo\fR's \fB\-C\fR option which
.\"O overrides the default starting point at which \fBsudo\fR begins
.\"O closing open file descriptors.  This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
¤³¤ì¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ \fBsudo\fR ¤Î \fB\-C\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò
»ÈÍѤǤ­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£\fB\-C\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ï¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤¬
³«¤¤¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÊĤ¸¤Æ¤¤¤¯¤È¤­¡¢¤É¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡¦¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¤«¤é
¥¯¥í¡¼¥º¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¯¤«¤È¤¤¤¦¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î»ÏÅÀ¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤À¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIoff\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "env_editor" 16
.IX Item "env_editor"
.\"O If set, \fBvisudo\fR will use the value of the \s-1EDITOR\s0 or \s-1VISUAL\s0
.\"O environment variables before falling back on the default editor list.
.\"O Note that this may create a security hole as it allows the user to
.\"O run any arbitrary command as root without logging.  A safer alternative
.\"O is to place a colon-separated list of editors in the \f(CW\*(C`editor\*(C'\fR
.\"O variable.  \fBvisudo\fR will then only use the \s-1EDITOR\s0 or \s-1VISUAL\s0 if
.\"O they match a value specified in \f(CW\*(C`editor\*(C'\fR.  This flag is \fIoff\fR by
.\"O default.
¤³¤ì¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢\fBvisudo\fR ¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¡¦¥ê¥¹¥È¤ò
ÍøÍѤ¹¤ëÁ°¤Ë¡¢´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô \s-1EDITOR\s0 ¤ä \s-1VISUAL\s0 ¤ÎÃͤò
»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤¬¥»¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¥Û¡¼¥ë¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤«¤Í¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤Ë
Ãí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¡£¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ root ¤È¤·¤ÆǤ°Õ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¥í¥°¤Ëµ­Ï¿¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ê¤¯
¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤«¤é¤À¡£¤³¤¦¤·¤¿´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤È¤­¤Î¡¢
\&\fIenv_editor\fR ¤òÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤è¤ê¤â°ÂÁ´¤ÊÊýË¡¤Ï¡¢
\&\fIsudoers\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î \f(CW\*(C`editor\*(C'\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë
¥³¥í¥ó¤Ç¶èÀڤä¿¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤ò½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤³¤È¤À¡£¤½¤¦¤¹¤ì¤Ð¡¢
\&\fBvisudo\fR ¤¬ \s-1EDITOR\s0 ¤ä \s-1VISUAL\s0 ¤ò»È¤¦¤Î¤Ï¡¢
¤½¤ì¤¬ \f(CW\*(C`editor\*(C'\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë»ØÄꤷ¤¿ÃͤȥޥåÁ¤·¤¿¤È¤­¤À¤±¤Ë
¤Ê¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIoff\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "env_reset" 16
.IX Item "env_reset"
.\"O If set, \fBsudo\fR will reset the environment to only contain the
.\"O \&\s-1LOGNAME\s0, \s-1SHELL\s0, \s-1USER\s0, \s-1USERNAME\s0 and the \f(CW\*(C`SUDO_*\*(C'\fR variables.  Any
.\"O variables in the caller's environment that match the \f(CW\*(C`env_keep\*(C'\fR
.\"O and \f(CW\*(C`env_check\*(C'\fR lists are then added.  The default contents of the
.\"O \&\f(CW\*(C`env_keep\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`env_check\*(C'\fR lists are displayed when \fBsudo\fR is
.\"O run by root with the \fI\-V\fR option.  If the \fIsecure_path\fR option
.\"O is set, its value will be used for the \f(CW\*(C`PATH\*(C'\fR environment variable.
.\"O This flag is \fIon\fR by default.
¤³¤ì¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤Ï´Ä¶­¤ò°Ê²¼¤ÎÊÑ¿ô¤Î¤ß¤ò´Þ¤à¤è¤¦¤Ë
ÀßÄꤷľ¤¹¡£¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢\s-1LOGNAME\s0, \s-1SHELL\s0, \s-1USER\s0,
\&\s-1USERNAME\s0 ¤½¤ì¤Ë \f(CW\*(C`SUDO_*\*(C'\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¤½¤Î¸å¤Ç
¤µ¤é¤Ë¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤òµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î´Ä¶­¤Ë¤¢¤ëÊÑ¿ô¤Î¤¦¤Á¡¢
\&\f(CW\*(C`env_keep\*(C'\fR ¤ä \f(CW\*(C`env_check\*(C'\fR ¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ë
¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤¬Äɲ䵤ì¤ë¡£ \f(CW\*(C`env_keep\*(C'\fR ¤ä 
\&\f(CW\*(C`env_check\*(C'\fR ¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ë¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤É¤ó¤ÊÊÑ¿ô¤¬
´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤Ï¡¢root ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ \fBsudo\fR ¤ò \fI\-V\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óÉÕ¤­¤Ç
¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ì¤Ð¡¢¸«¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£¤Ê¤ª¡¢\fIsudoers\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î
\&\fIsecure_path\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤­¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ÎÃͤ¬
´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô \f(CW\*(C`PATH\*(C'\fR ¤È¤·¤Æ»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIon\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "fqdn" 16
.IX Item "fqdn"
.\"O Set this flag if you want to put fully qualified hostnames in the
.\"O \&\fIsudoers\fR file.  I.e., instead of myhost you would use myhost.mydomain.edu.
.\"O You may still use the short form if you wish (and even mix the two).
.\"O Beware that turning on \fIfqdn\fR requires \fBsudo\fR to make \s-1DNS\s0 lookups
.\"O which may make \fBsudo\fR unusable if \s-1DNS\s0 stops working (for example
.\"O if the machine is not plugged into the network).  Also note that
.\"O you must use the host's official name as \s-1DNS\s0 knows it.  That is,
.\"O you may not use a host alias (\f(CW\*(C`CNAME\*(C'\fR entry) due to performance
.\"O issues and the fact that there is no way to get all aliases from
.\"O \&\s-1DNS\s0.  If your machine's hostname (as returned by the \f(CW\*(C`hostname\*(C'\fR
.\"O command) is already fully qualified you shouldn't need to set
.\"O \&\fIfqdn\fR.  This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
\&\fIsudoers\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç´°Á´½¤¾þ¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤¿¤«¤Ã¤¿¤é¡¢
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¤è¤¤¡£¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢myhost ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢
myhost.mydomain.edu ¤ò»È¤¤¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤À¡£¤½¤Î¤È¤­¤Ç¤â¡¢¤½¤¦¤·¤¿¤±¤ì¤Ð¡¢
û½Ì·Á¤â»È¤¨¤ë (ξÊý¤òº®¤¼¤Æ»È¤¦¤³¤È¤À¤Ã¤Æ¤Ç¤­¤ë)¡£µ¤¤òÉÕ¤±¤Æ
¤Û¤·¤¤¤Î¤Ï¡¢\fIfqdn\fR ¤ò Í­¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤Ï \s-1DNS\s0 ¤Ø
Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ò¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢\s-1DNS\s0 ¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¤¬
²ÔƯ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤¬»È¤¨¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤À
(¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢¥Þ¥·¥ó¤¬¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤ËÀܳ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç)¡£
¤â¤¦°ì¤Äµ¤¤òÉÕ¤±¤ë¤Ù¤­¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
\&\s-1DNS\s0 ¤¬ÃΤäƤ¤¤ë¥Û¥¹¥È¤ÎÀµ¼°Ì¾¤ò»È¤ï¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤À¡£
¸À¤¤´¹¤¨¤ì¤Ð¡¢¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹ (\f(CW\*(C`CNAME\*(C'\fR ¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê) ¤ò
»È¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤¡£¥Ñ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥ó¥¹¤ÎÌäÂê¤â¤¢¤ë¤·¡¢\s-1DNS\s0 ¤«¤é¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¤ò
¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¼èÆÀ¤¹¤ëÊýË¡¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¤é¤Ç¤â¤¢¤ë¡£¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤¬ 
\&(\f(CW\*(C`hostname\*(C'\fR ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ÇÊ֤äƤ¯¤ë¤â¤Î¤¬) ¤¹¤Ç¤Ë
´°Á´½¤¾þ̾¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Ê¤é¤Ð¡¢\fIfqdn\fR ¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ëɬÍפϤʤ¤¤À¤í¤¦¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIoff\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "ignore_dot" 16
.IX Item "ignore_dot"
.\"O If set, \fBsudo\fR will ignore '.' or '' (current dir) in the \f(CW\*(C`PATH\*(C'\fR
.\"O environment variable; the \f(CW\*(C`PATH\*(C'\fR itself is not modified.  This
.\"O flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
¤³¤ì¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô \f(CW\*(C`PATH\*(C'\fR Ãæ¤Ë '.' ¤ä ''
(¥«¥ì¥ó¥È¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê) ¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤â¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤Ï¤½¤ì¤ò̵»ë¤¹¤ë¡£
\&\f(CW\*(C`PATH\*(C'\fR ¤½¤Î¤â¤Î¤ÏÊѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIoff\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "ignore_local_sudoers" 16
.IX Item "ignore_local_sudoers"
.\"O If set via \s-1LDAP\s0, parsing of \fI/etc/sudoers\fR will be skipped.
.\"O This is intended for Enterprises that wish to prevent the usage of local
.\"O sudoers files so that only \s-1LDAP\s0 is used.  This thwarts the efforts of
.\"O rogue operators who would attempt to add roles to \fI/etc/sudoers\fR.
.\"O When this option is present, \fI/etc/sudoers\fR does not even need to
.\"O exist. Since this option tells \fBsudo\fR how to behave when no specific \s-1LDAP\s0
.\"O entries have been matched, this sudoOption is only meaningful for the
.\"O \&\f(CW\*(C`cn=defaults\*(C'\fR section.  This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
\&\s-1LDAP\s0 ¤ÎÊý¤Ç¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢\fI/etc/sudoers\fR ¤Î
²òÀϤ¬¥¹¥­¥Ã¥×¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¡¢¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤Ë¤¢¤ë sudoers ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î
»ÈÍѤò¶Ø¤¸¤Æ¡¢\s-1LDAP\s0 ¤Î¤ß¤ò»È¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¤´ë¶È¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¤¢¤ë¡£
¤¿¤Á¤Î°­¤¤¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥¿¤¬ \fI/etc/sudoers\fR ¤Ë¼ê¤ò²Ã¤¨¤Æ¼«Ê¬¤Î¸¢¸Â¤ò
Áý¤ä¤½¤¦¤È¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢¤½¤¦¤·¤¿°­¤À¤¯¤ß¤ÏÁ˻ߤµ¤ì¤ë¤ï¤±¤À¡£¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬
ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤­¤Ï¡¢\fI/etc/sudoers\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¸ºß¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¹¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¡¢¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë \s-1LDAP\s0 ¤Î¶ñÂÎŪ¤Ê¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬
°ì¤Ä¤â¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤È¤­¤Ë¡¢¤É¤¦¿¶Éñ¤¦¤Ù¤­¤«¤ò \fBsudo\fR ¤Ë»Ø¼¨¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤À¤«¤é¡¢
¤³¤ì¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤¿ sudoOption ¤Ï \f(CW\*(C`cn=defaults\*(C'\fR ¤Î¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë
¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð°ÕÌ£¤¬¤Ê¤¤¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIoff\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "insults" 16
.IX Item "insults"
.\"O If set, \fBsudo\fR will insult users when they enter an incorrect
.\"O password.  This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
¤³¤ì¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢ÉÔÀµ¤Ê¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤¬ÆþÎϤµ¤ì¤¿¤È¤­¡¢
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤¬¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë°­ÂÖ¤ò¤Ä¤¯¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIoff\fR
¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "log_host" 16
.IX Item "log_host"
.\"O If set, the hostname will be logged in the (non-syslog) \fBsudo\fR log file.
.\"O This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
¤³¤ì¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤¬ (syslog ·Ðͳ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤) \fBsudo\fR ¤Î
¥í¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ëµ­Ï¿¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIoff\fR
¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "log_year" 16
.IX Item "log_year"
.\"O If set, the four-digit year will be logged in the (non-syslog) \fBsudo\fR log file.
.\"O This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
¤³¤ì¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢»Í·å¤Îǯ¤¬ (syslog ·Ðͳ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤) \fBsudo\fR ¤Î
¥í¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ëµ­Æþ¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIoff\fR 
¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "long_otp_prompt" 16
.IX Item "long_otp_prompt"
.\"O When validating with a One Time Password (\s-1OPT\s0) scheme such as
.\"O \&\fBS/Key\fR or \fB\s-1OPIE\s0\fR, a two-line prompt is used to make it easier
.\"O to cut and paste the challenge to a local window.  It's not as
.\"O pretty as the default but some people find it more convenient.  This
.\"O flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
\&\fBS/Key\fR ¤ä \fB\s-1OPIE\s0\fR ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê One Time Password
(\s-1OTP\s0) ¥¹¥­¡¼¥à¤òºÎÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë¤³¤ì¤òÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¥Á¥ã¥ì¥ó¥¸¤ò
¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Ë¥«¥Ã¥È¡¦¥¢¥ó¥É¡¦¥Ú¡¼¥¹¥È¤·¤ä¤¹¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢
Æó¹Ô¤Î¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤¬»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¡£¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤Û¤É¸«±É¤¨¤Ï¤è¤¯¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢
¤³¤Á¤é¤ÎÊý¤¬ÊØÍø¤À¤È»×¤¦¿Í¤â¤¤¤ë¡£¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï \fIoff\fR 
¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "mail_always" 16
.IX Item "mail_always"
.\"O Send mail to the \fImailto\fR user every time a users runs \fBsudo\fR.
.\"O This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ \fBsudo\fR ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤¿¤Ó¤Ë¡¢\fImailto\fR ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¥á¡¼¥ë¤òÁ÷¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIoff\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "mail_badpass" 16
.IX Item "mail_badpass"
.\"O Send mail to the \fImailto\fR user if the user running \fBsudo\fR does not
.\"O enter the correct password.  This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬Àµ¤·¤¤¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆþÎϤ·¤Ê¤¤¤È¡¢
\&\fImailto\fR ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¥á¡¼¥ë¤òÁ÷¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï 
\&\fIoff\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "mail_no_host" 16
.IX Item "mail_no_host"
.\"O If set, mail will be sent to the \fImailto\fR user if the invoking
.\"O user exists in the \fIsudoers\fR file, but is not allowed to run
.\"O commands on the current host.  This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
¤³¤ì¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤òµ¯Æ°¤·¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ \fIsudoers\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë
¸ºß¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Î¡¢»ÈÍÑÃæ¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ç¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Î¼Â¹Ô¤òµö²Ä¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢
\&\fImailto\fR ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¥á¡¼¥ë¤òÁ÷ÉÕ¤¹¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï 
\&\fIoff\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "mail_no_perms" 16
.IX Item "mail_no_perms"
.\"O If set, mail will be sent to the \fImailto\fR user if the invoking
.\"O user is allowed to use \fBsudo\fR but the command they are trying is not
.\"O listed in their \fIsudoers\fR file entry or is explicitly denied.
.\"O This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
¤³¤ì¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤òµ¯Æ°¤·¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ \fBsudo\fR ¤Î»ÈÍѤò
µö²Ä¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢¼Â¹Ô¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤¬ \fIsudoers\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î
¤½¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ËÅÐÏ¿¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤«¡¢ÌÀ¼¨Åª¤Ë¶Ø»ß¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢
\&\fImailto\fR ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¥á¡¼¥ë¤òÁ÷ÉÕ¤¹¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï 
\&\fIoff\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "mail_no_user" 16
.IX Item "mail_no_user"
.\"O If set, mail will be sent to the \fImailto\fR user if the invoking
.\"O user is not in the \fIsudoers\fR file.  This flag is \fIon\fR
.\"O by default.
¤³¤ì¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤òµ¯Æ°¤·¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ \fIsudoers\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë
µ­ºÜ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢\fImailto\fR ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¥á¡¼¥ë¤òÁ÷ÉÕ¤¹¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIon\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "noexec" 16
.IX Item "noexec"
.\"O If set, all commands run via \fBsudo\fR will behave as if the \f(CW\*(C`NOEXEC\*(C'\fR
.\"O tag has been set, unless overridden by a \f(CW\*(C`EXEC\*(C'\fR tag.  See the
.\"O description of \fI\s-1NOEXEC\s0 and \s-1EXEC\s0\fR below as well as the \*(L"\s-1PREVENTING\s0 \s-1SHELL\s0
.\"O \&\s-1ESCAPES\s0\*(R" section at the end of this manual.  This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
¤³¤ì¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤òÄ̤·¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤¬¡¢
\&\f(CW\*(C`EXEC\*(C'\fR ¥¿¥°¤Ç̵¸ú¤Ë¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤«¤®¤ê¡¢¤¢¤¿¤«¤â 
\&\f(CW\*(C`NOEXEC\*(C'\fR ¥¿¥°¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤Î¤´¤È¤¯¿¶Éñ¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
¾å½Ò¤Î¡Ö\fI\s-1NOEXEC\s0 ¤È \s-1EXEC\s0\fR¡×¤ÎÀâÌÀ¡¢¤ª¤è¤Ó¡¢¤³¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¤Î
½ª¤ï¤ê¤ÎÊý¤Ë¤¢¤ë¡Ö¥·¥§¥ë¡¦¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤òËɻߤ¹¤ë¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò
»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIoff\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "path_info" 16
.IX Item "path_info"
.\"O Normally, \fBsudo\fR will tell the user when a command could not be
.\"O found in their \f(CW\*(C`PATH\*(C'\fR environment variable.  Some sites may wish
.\"O to disable this as it could be used to gather information on the
.\"O location of executables that the normal user does not have access
.\"O to.  The disadvantage is that if the executable is simply not in
.\"O the user's \f(CW\*(C`PATH\*(C'\fR, \fBsudo\fR will tell the user that they are not
.\"O allowed to run it, which can be confusing.  This flag is \fIon\fR
.\"O by default.
Ä̾ï \fBsudo\fR ¤Ï¡¢´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô \f(CW\*(C`PATH\*(C'\fR Ãæ¤Ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤¬
¸«ÉÕ¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¤È¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¤½¤Î¤³¤È¤òÃΤ餻¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ì¤Ð¡¢
°ìÈ̥桼¥¶¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¸¢¤Î¤Ê¤¤¼Â¹Ô¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¤¢¤ê¤«¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¾ðÊó¤ò
¼ý½¸¤Ç¤­¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦Íýͳ¤«¤é¡¢¤³¤ÎÆ°ºî¤ò̵¸ú¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¤¥µ¥¤¥È¤â¤¢¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤½¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Î·çÅÀ¤Ï¡¢¼Â¹Ô¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬Ã±¤Ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î \f(CW\*(C`PATH\*(C'\fR Ãæ¤Ë
¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤À¤±¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤â¡¢¼Â¹Ô¤Îµö²Ä¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤È \fBsudo\fR ¤¬¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¹ð¤²¤ë
¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¼Â¾ð¤¬¤ï¤«¤ê¤Ë¤¯¤¤¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIon\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "passprompt_override" 16
.IX Item "passprompt_override"
.\"O The password prompt specified by \fIpassprompt\fR will normally only
.\"O be used if the passwod prompt provided by systems such as \s-1PAM\s0 matches
.\"O the string \*(L"Password:\*(R".  If \fIpassprompt_override\fR is set, \fIpassprompt\fR
.\"O will always be used.  This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
Ä̾\fIpassprompt\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤¬
»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢\s-1PAM\s0 ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬ÍÑ°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë
¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤¬ \*(L"Password:\*(R" ¤È¤¤¤¦Ê¸»úÎó¤Ë¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë
¤È¤­¤À¤±¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£\fIpassprompt_override\fR ¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢
\&\fIpassprompt\fR ¤¬Ìµ¾ò·ï¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIoff\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "preserve_groups" 16
.IX Item "preserve_groups"
.\"O By default, \fBsudo\fR will initialize the group vector to the list of
.\"O groups the target user is in.  When \fIpreserve_groups\fR is set, the
.\"O user's existing group vector is left unaltered.  The real and
.\"O effective group IDs, however, are still set to match the target
.\"O user.  This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤Ï½ê°¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Î½é´üÃͤȤ·¤Æ¡¢ÊÑ¿ÈÂоݥ桼¥¶¤¬
½ê°¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£ \fIpreserve_groups\fR ¤ò
¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î½ê°¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤¬¡¢
Êѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤º¤Ë¤½¤Î¤Þ¤Þ°Ý»ý¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£¤È¤Ï¸À¤¨¡¢¼Â¥°¥ë¡¼¥× ID ¤ä
¼Â¸ú¥°¥ë¡¼¥× ID ¤¬ÊÑ¿ÈÂоݥ桼¥¶¤Î¤½¤ì¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÊѤï¤ê¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIoff\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "pwfeedback" 16
.IX Item "pwfeedback"
.\"O By default, \fBsudo\fR reads the password like most other Unix programs,
.\"O by turning off echo until the user hits the return (or enter) key.
.\"O Some users become confused by this as it appears to them that \fBsudo\fR
.\"O has hung at this point.  When \fIpwfeedback\fR is set, \fBsudo\fR will
.\"O provide visual feedback when the user presses a key.  Note that
.\"O this does have a security impact as an onlooker may be able to
.\"O determine the length of the password being entered.
.\"O This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
¤Û¤«¤Î¤¿¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Î Unix ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ÈƱÍÍ¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤Ï¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò
Æɤ߹þ¤à¤È¤­¡¢¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ Return (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï Enter) ¥­¡¼¤ò
²¡¤¹¤Þ¤Ç¡¢¥¨¥³¡¼¤ò off ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¡£¤³¤ÎÆ°ºî¤Ë¤È¤Þ¤É¤¦¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ë¡£
Èà¤é¤Ë¤Ï \fBsudo\fR ¤¬µÞ¤ËÈ¿±þ¤·¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë¸«¤¨¤ë¤Î¤À¡£
\&\fIpwfeedback\fR ¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¥­¡¼¤ò²¡¤¹¤¿¤Ó¤Ë¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤¬
Ìܤ˸«¤¨¤ëÈ¿±þ¤òÊÖ¤¹¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¥»¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¾å¤ÎÌäÂ꤬
¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¡£²£¤Ç¸«¤Æ¤¤¤ë¿Í¤¬¡¢ÂǤÁ¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤¿¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤Î
ʸ»ú¿ô¤òÆÃÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤À¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï
\&\fIoff\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "requiretty" 16
.IX Item "requiretty"
.\"O If set, \fBsudo\fR will only run when the user is logged in to a real
.\"O tty.  When this flag is set, \fBsudo\fR can only be run from a login
.\"O session and not via other means such as \fIcron\fR\|(8) or cgi-bin scripts.
.\"O This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
¤³¤ì¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤¬¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¼ÂºÝ¤Î tty ¤Ë
¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤·¤¿¤È¤­¤À¤±¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢
¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¡¦¥»¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó¤«¤é¤À¤±¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¡¢
\&\fIcron\fR\|(8) ¤ä cgi-bin ¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¡¢¤Û¤«¤ÎÊýË¡¤ò²ð¤·¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë
¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤À¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¡¢¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIoff\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "root_sudo" 16
.IX Item "root_sudo"
.\"O If set, root is allowed to run \fBsudo\fR too.  Disabling this prevents users
.\"O from \*(L"chaining\*(R" \fBsudo\fR commands to get a root shell by doing something
.\"O like \f(CW"sudo sudo /bin/sh"\fR.  Note, however, that turning off \fIroot_sudo\fR
.\"O will also prevent root and from running \fBsudoedit\fR.
.\"O Disabling \fIroot_sudo\fR provides no real additional security; it
.\"O exists purely for historical reasons.
.\"O This flag is \fIon\fR by default.
¤³¤ì¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢root ¤â \fBsudo\fR ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤ò̵¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð \f(CW"sudo sudo /bin/sh"\fR ¤È
¤¤¤Ã¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë \fBsudo\fR ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò\fBÏ¢º¿Åª¤Ë\fR»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥ë¡¼¥È¥·¥§¥ë¤ò
³ÍÆÀ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ë¡£¤È¤³¤í¤Ç¡¢
\&\fIroot_sudo\fR ¤¬ off ¤À¤È¡¢root ¤¬ \fBsudoedit\fR ¤Þ¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ë
¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¡£
\&\fIroot_sudo\fR ¤ò̵¸ú¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢¥»¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¤¬¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¸þ¾å¤¹¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬Â¸ºß¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢¤â¤Ã¤Ñ¤éÎò»ËŪ¤ÊÍýͳ¤«¤é¤Ê¤Î¤À¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIon\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "rootpw" 16
.IX Item "rootpw"
.\"O If set, \fBsudo\fR will prompt for the root password instead of the password
.\"O of the invoking user.  This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
¤³¤ì¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤Ï¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤Ç¡¢µ¯Æ°¤·¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î
¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢root ¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÍ׵᤹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIoff\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "runaspw" 16
.IX Item "runaspw"
.\"O If set, \fBsudo\fR will prompt for the password of the user defined by the
.\"O \&\fIrunas_default\fR option (defaults to \f(CW\*(C`root\*(C'\fR) instead of the
.\"O password of the invoking user.  This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
¤³¤ì¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤Ï¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤Ç¡¢µ¯Æ°¤·¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î
¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢\fIsudoers\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î \fIrunas_default\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬
ÄêµÁ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤Î (¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \f(CW\*(C`root\*(C'\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë)
¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÍ׵᤹¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIoff\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "set_home" 16
.IX Item "set_home"
.\"O If set and \fBsudo\fR is invoked with the \fB\-s\fR option the \f(CW\*(C`HOME\*(C'\fR
.\"O environment variable will be set to the home directory of the target
.\"O user (which is root unless the \fB\-u\fR option is used).  This effectively
.\"O makes the \fB\-s\fR option imply \fB\-H\fR.  This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
¤³¤ì¤¬¥»¥Ã¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤­¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤ò \fB\-s\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óÉÕ¤­¤Ç
µ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô \f(CW\*(C`HOME\*(C'\fR ¤¬ÊÑ¿ÈÂоݥ桼¥¶¤Î 
(\fB\-u\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤«¤®¤ê¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ï root ¤Ç¤¢¤ë)
¥Û¡¼¥à¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¡£¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢ \fB\-s\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬
\&\fB\-H\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»ö¼Â¾å·ó¤Í¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤ï¤±¤À¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIoff\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "set_logname" 16
.IX Item "set_logname"
.\"O Normally, \fBsudo\fR will set the \f(CW\*(C`LOGNAME\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`USER\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`USERNAME\*(C'\fR
.\"O environment variables to the name of the target user (usually root
.\"O unless the \fB\-u\fR option is given).  However, since some programs
.\"O (including the \s-1RCS\s0 revision control system) use \f(CW\*(C`LOGNAME\*(C'\fR to
.\"O determine the real identity of the user, it may be desirable to
.\"O change this behavior.  This can be done by negating the set_logname
.\"O option.  Note that if the \fIenv_reset\fR option has not been disabled,
.\"O entries in the \fIenv_keep\fR list will override the value of
.\"O \&\fIset_logname\fR.  This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
Ä̾ï \fBsudo\fR ¤Ï´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô \f(CW\*(C`LOGNAME\*(C'\fR,
\&\f(CW\*(C`USER\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`USERNAME\*(C'\fR ¤ò
ÊÑ¿ÈÂоݥ桼¥¶¤Î̾Á° (\fB-u\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢
ÉáÄÌ¤Ï root) ¤Ë¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï (¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢
\&\s-1RCS\s0 ¥ê¥Ó¥¸¥ç¥ó¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬¤½¤Î°ì¤Ä¤À¤¬) ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬
¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤Ïï¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤«¤òȽÄꤹ¤ë¤Î¤Ë \f(CW\*(C`LOGNAME\*(C'\fR ¤ò
»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤³¤Î¿¶Éñ¤¤¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬Ë¾¤Þ¤·¤¤¾ì¹ç¤â¤¢¤ë¡£
set_logname ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë '!' ¤òÉÕ¤±¤ÆÈÝÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢¤½¤ì¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤Ê¤ª \fIenv_reset\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò̵¸ú¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢
\&\fIenv_keep\fR ¥ê¥¹¥È¤Î¹àÌܤ¬ \fIset_logname\fR ¤Ë¤è¤ëÃͤò
¾å½ñ¤­¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢Ãí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï 
\&\fIon\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "setenv" 16
.IX Item "setenv"
.\"O Allow the user to disable the \fIenv_reset\fR option from the command
.\"O line.  Additionally, environment variables set via the command line
.\"O are not subject to the restrictions imposed by \fIenv_check\fR,
.\"O \&\fIenv_delete\fR, or \fIenv_keep\fR.  As such, only trusted users should
.\"O be allowed to set variables in this manner.  This flag is \fIoff\fR
.\"O by default.
¤³¤ì¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤«¤é \fIenv_reset\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò
̵¸ú¤Ë¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£¤µ¤é¤Ë¡¢¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤«¤éÀßÄꤹ¤ë´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¤¬ 
\&\fIenv_check\fR, \fIenv_delete\fR, \fIenv_keep\fR ¤Ë¤è¤ëÀ©¸Â¤ò
¼õ¤±¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ë¡£¤½¤ì¸Î¡¢¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¤ä¤êÊý¤ÇÊÑ¿ô¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤ò
µö²Ä¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢¿®ÍѤǤ­¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¤ß¤Ë¸Â¤ë¤Ù¤­¤À¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIoff\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "shell_noargs" 16
.IX Item "shell_noargs"
.\"O If set and \fBsudo\fR is invoked with no arguments it acts as if the
.\"O \&\fB\-s\fR option had been given.  That is, it runs a shell as root (the
.\"O shell is determined by the \f(CW\*(C`SHELL\*(C'\fR environment variable if it is
.\"O set, falling back on the shell listed in the invoking user's
.\"O /etc/passwd entry if not).  This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
¤³¤ì¤¬¥»¥Ã¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤­¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤ò°ú¤­¿ô¤Ê¤·¤Çµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤Ï \fB\-s\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¤«¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¿¶Éñ¤¦¡£
¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢root ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤È¤·¤Æ¥·¥§¥ë¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤ï¤±¤À (¥·¥§¥ë¤Ï¡¢
´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô \f(CW\*(C`SHELL\*(C'\fR ¤¬¥»¥Ã¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ð¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ·è¤Þ¤ë¤·¡¢
¥»¥Ã¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤òµ¯Æ°¤·¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î /etc/passwd ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ë
ÅÐÏ¿¤µ¤ì¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ë¤Ê¤ë)¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIoff\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "fast_glob" 16
.IX Item "fast_glob"
.\"O Normally, \fBsudo\fR uses the \fIglob\fR\|(3) function to do shell-style
.\"O globbing when matching pathnames.  However, since it accesses the
.\"O file system, \fIglob\fR\|(3) can take a long time to complete for some
.\"O patterns, especially when the pattern references a network file
.\"O system that is mounted on demand (automounted).  The \fIfast_glob\fR
.\"O option causes \fBsudo\fR to use the \fIfnmatch\fR\|(3) function, which does
.\"O not access the file system to do its matching.  The disadvantage
.\"O of \fIfast_glob\fR is that it is unable to match relative pathnames
.\"O such as \fI./ls\fR or \fI../bin/ls\fR.  This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
Ä̾ï \fBsudo\fR ¤Ï¥Ñ¥¹Ì¾¤Î¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¥ó¥°¤ò¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¡¢\fIglob\fR\|(3) ´Ø¿ô¤ò
»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¡¢¥·¥§¥ë¡¦¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¤Î¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥ÉŸ³« (glob) ¤ò¹Ô¤¦¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢
\&\fIglob\fR\|(3) ¤Ï¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢»ØÄê¥Ñ¥¿¡¼¥ó¤Ë
¤è¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¡¢ºî¶È¤ò´°Î»¤¹¤ë¤Þ¤Ç¤Ë»þ´Ö¤¬¤«¤«¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
ɬÍפʻþ¤Ë¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë (¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¥ª¡¼¥È¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤Î)
¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¡¦¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡¦¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò»²¾È¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¤Ï¡¢¤È¤ê¤ï¤±»þ´Ö¤¬¤«¤«¤ë¡£
\&\fIfast_glob\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤¬
\&\fIfnmatch\fR\|(3) ´Ø¿ô¤ò»È¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤¬¡¢¤³¤Á¤é¤Î´Ø¿ô¤Ï¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¥ó¥°¤ÎºÝ¤Ë
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤·¤Ê¤¤¡£\fIfast_glob\fR ¤Î·çÅÀ¤Ï¡¢
\&\fI./ls\fR ¤ä \fI../bin/ls\fR ¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÁêÂХѥ¹¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¬
¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIoff\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "stay_setuid" 16
.IX Item "stay_setuid"
.\"O Normally, when \fBsudo\fR executes a command the real and effective
.\"O UIDs are set to the target user (root by default).  This option
.\"O changes that behavior such that the real \s-1UID\s0 is left as the invoking
.\"O user's \s-1UID\s0.  In other words, this makes \fBsudo\fR act as a setuid
.\"O wrapper.  This can be useful on systems that disable some potentially
.\"O dangerous functionality when a program is run setuid.  This option
.\"O is only effective on systems with either the \fIsetreuid()\fR or \fIsetresuid()\fR
.\"O function.  This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
Ä̾ï \fBsudo\fR ¤¬¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¡¢¼Â UID ¤È¼Â¸ú UID ¤Ï
ÊÑ¿ÈÂоݥ桼¥¶ (¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï root) ¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ë¥»¥Ã¥È¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï
¤½¤Î¿¶Éñ¤¤¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤Æ¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤òµ¯Æ°¤·¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î \s-1UID\s0 ¤¬¡¢
¤½¤Î¤Þ¤Þ¼Â \s-1UID\s0 ¤È¤·¤Æ»Ä¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¡£¸À¤¤´¹¤¨¤ë¤È¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤¬ 
setuid ¥é¥Ã¥Ñ¡¼¤È¤·¤ÆÆ°ºî¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤ï¤±¤À¡£¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ò setuid ¤Ç
Æ°¤«¤¹¤È¡¢´í¸±¤ò¤â¤¿¤é¤·¤«¤Í¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦Íýͳ¤«¤é¡¢¤¢¤ë¼ï¤Îµ¡Ç½¤ò
»È¤¨¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬Ìò¤ËΩ¤Ä¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¡¢ \fIsetreuid()\fR ´Ø¿ô¤Ê¤ê \fIsetresuid()\fR ´Ø¿ô¤Ê¤ê¤ò
»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Î¤ßÍ­¸ú¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIoff\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "targetpw" 16
.IX Item "targetpw"
.\"O If set, \fBsudo\fR will prompt for the password of the user specified by
.\"O the \fB\-u\fR option (defaults to \f(CW\*(C`root\*(C'\fR) instead of the password of the
.\"O invoking user.  Note that this precludes the use of a uid not listed
.\"O in the passwd database as an argument to the \fB\-u\fR option.
.\"O This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
¤³¤ì¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤Ï¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤Ç¡¢µ¯Æ°¤·¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É
¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢\fB\-u\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶ (¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï root) ¤Î 
¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÍ׵᤹¤ë¡£¤³¤ÎÀßÄê¤ò¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢\fB\-u\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î°ú¤­¿ô¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢
passwd ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤ËÅÐÏ¿¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤ uid ¤¬»È¤¨¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIoff\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "tty_tickets" 16
.IX Item "tty_tickets"
.\"O If set, users must authenticate on a per-tty basis.  Normally,
.\"O \&\fBsudo\fR uses a directory in the ticket dir with the same name as
.\"O the user running it.  With this flag enabled, \fBsudo\fR will use a
.\"O file named for the tty the user is logged in on in that directory.
.\"O This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
¤³¤ì¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï tty ¤´¤È¤Ëǧ¾Ú¤ò¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ë¡£
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤ÏÄ̾¥Á¥±¥Ã¥È¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê (ÌõÃí¡§¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð 
/var/run/sudo) ¤Ë¤¢¤ë¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ÈƱ¤¸Ì¾Á°¤Î¥Ç¥£
¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤òǧ¾Ú¤Ë»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬Í­¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢
¤½¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë¤¢¤ë¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë tty ¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë̾Á°¤Î
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Î¤À¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIoff\fR 
¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "umask_override" 16
.IX Item "umask_override"
.\"O If set, \fBsudo\fR will set the umask as specified by \fIsudoers\fR without
.\"O modification.  This makes it possible to specify a more permissive
.\"O umask in \fIsudoers\fR than the user's own umask and matches historical
.\"O behavior.  If \fIumask_override\fR is not set, \fBsudo\fR will set the
.\"O umask to be the union of the user's umask and what is specified in
.\"O \&\fIsudoers\fR.  This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
¤³¤ì¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤Ï umask ¤ò \fIsudoers\fR ¤Î
umask ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¤È¤ª¤ê¤ÎÃͤˡ¢Êѹ¹¤ò²Ã¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤Ê¤¯ÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¼«¿È¤Î umask Ãͤè¤ê¤â¤Ã¤È´Ë¤ä¤«¤Ê umask Ãͤò
\&\fIsudoers\fR ¤Ç»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬²Äǽ¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£\fBsudo\fR ¤ÎÀΤÎÆ°ºî¤È
Ʊ¤¸¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤ï¤±¤À¡£
\&\fIumask_override\fR ¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤·¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢¸½ºß¤Î \fBsudo\fR ¤Ï umask ¤ò¡¢
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î umask ÃÍ¤È \fIsudoers\fR ¤Ç»ØÄꤷ¤¿ umask ÃͤȤΥӥåÈϤË
ÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIoff\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.\" .IP "use_loginclass" 16
.\" .IX Item "use_loginclass"
.\" If set, \fBsudo\fR will apply the defaults specified for the target user's
.\" login class if one exists.  Only available if \fBsudo\fR is configured with
.\" the \-\-with\-logincap option.  This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
.\" ¤³¤ì¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤Ï¡¢ÊÑ¿ÈÂоݥ桼¥¶¤Î¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¥¯¥é¥¹¤¬Â¸
.\" ºß¤¹¤ë¤Ê¤é¤Ð¡¢¤½¤ì¤ËÂФ·¤Æ»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÎÃͤò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£¤³
.\" ¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤ò \-\-with\-logincap ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÉÕ¤±¤Æ 
.\" configure ¤·¤¿¤È¤­¤Î¤ßÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï 
.\" \&\fIoff\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "visiblepw" 16
.IX Item "visiblepw"
.\"O By default, \fBsudo\fR will refuse to run if the user must enter a
.\"O password but it is not possible to disable echo on the terminal.
.\"O If the \fIvisiblepw\fR flag is set, \fBsudo\fR will prompt for a password
.\"O even when it would be visible on the screen.  This makes it possible
.\"O to run things like \f(CW"rsh somehost sudo ls"\fR since \fIrsh\fR\|(1) does
.\"O not allocate a tty.  This flag is \fIoff\fR by default.
.\"O .PP
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆþÎϤ·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤È¤­¤Ë¡¢
»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Ê¥ë¤Ç¥¨¥³¡¼¤ÎÍÞÀ©¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤é¡¢
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤Ï¼Â¹Ô¤òµñÈݤ¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤ËÂФ·¡¢
\&\fIvisiblepw\fR ¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¡¢¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤¬¥¹¥¯¥ê¡¼¥ó¤Ë
ɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤â¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤Ï¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤ò½Ð¤·¤Æ¡¢¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò
µá¤á¤ë¡£¤³¤ÎÆ°ºî¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢
\&\fIrsh\fR\|(1) ¤Ï tty ¤ò³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤Ê¤¤¤Ë¤â¤«¤«¤ï¤é¤º¡¢
\&\f(CW"rsh somehost sudo ls"\fR ¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿Áàºî¤Î¼Â¹Ô¤¬²Äǽ¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤ï¤±¤À¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fIoff\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O \&\fBIntegers\fR:
\&\fBÀ°¿ô\fR:
.IP "closefrom" 16
.IX Item "closefrom"
.\"O Before it executes a command, \fBsudo\fR will close all open file
.\"O descriptors other than standard input, standard output and standard
.\"O error (ie: file descriptors 0\-2).  The \fIclosefrom\fR option can be used
.\"O to specify a different file descriptor at which to start closing.
.\"O The default is \f(CW3\fR.
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤Ï¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ëÁ°¤Ë¡¢É¸½àÆþÎÏ¡¢É¸½à½ÐÎÏ¡¢É¸½à¥¨¥é¡¼
(¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿ 0\-2 ¤Ç¤¢¤ë) ¤ò½ü¤¤¤Æ¡¢
¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¤·¤¿¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡¦¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¤ò¥¯¥í¡¼¥º¤¹¤ë¡£
\&\fIclosefrom\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤È¡¢0\-2 °Ê³°¤Î
¤É¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡¦¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¤«¤é¥¯¥í¡¼¥º¤·¤Æ¹Ô¤¯¤«¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï \f(CW3\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "passwd_tries" 16
.IX Item "passwd_tries"
.\"O The number of tries a user gets to enter his/her password before
.\"O \&\fBsudo\fR logs the failure and exits.  The default is \f(CW\*(C`3\*(C'\fR.
.\"O .PP
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤¬¡Ö¼ºÇԡפò¥í¥°¤Ëµ­Ï¿¤·¤Æ½ªÎ»¤¹¤ëÁ°¤Ë¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò
ÆþÎϤǤ­¤ë²ó¿ô¡£¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï \f(CW\*(C`3\*(C'\fR¡£
.PP
.\"O \&\fBIntegers that can be used in a boolean context\fR:
\&\fB¿¿µ¶ÃͤȤ·¤Æ¤â»ÈÍѤǤ­¤ëÀ°¿ô\fR:
.IP "loglinelen" 16
.IX Item "loglinelen"
.\"O Number of characters per line for the file log.  This value is used
.\"O to decide when to wrap lines for nicer log files.  This has no
.\"O effect on the syslog log file, only the file log.  The default is
.\"O \&\f(CW\*(C`80\*(C'\fR (use 0 or negate the option to disable word wrap).
\&\fBsudo\fR ÍÑ¥í¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î°ì¹Ô¤¢¤¿¤ê¤Îʸ»ú¿ô¡£¤³¤ÎÃͤϡ¢¥í¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò
¸«¤ä¤¹¤¯¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë²þ¹Ô¤¹¤ë°ÌÃÖ¤ò·è¤á¤ë¤Î¤Ë»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¡£¤³¤ÎÃͤϡ¢
syslog ·Ðͳ¤Î¥í¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤Ï±Æ¶Á¤»¤º¡¢Ä¾ÀÜ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¥í¥°¤ò½ñ¤­½Ð¤¹¤È¤­¤Î¤ß
¸ú²Ì¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï \f(CW\*(C`80\*(C'\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë (²þ¹Ô¤ò¤·¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë
¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢Ãͤò 0 ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤«¡¢Æ¬¤Ë '!' ¤òÉÕ¤±¤Æ¡¢¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÈÝÄꤹ¤ë)¡£
.IP "passwd_timeout" 16
.IX Item "passwd_timeout"
.\"O Number of minutes before the \fBsudo\fR password prompt times out.
.\"O The default is \f(CW\*(C`5\*(C'\fR; set this to \f(CW0\fR for no password timeout.
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤¬»þ´ÖÀÚ¤ì¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Þ¤Ç¤Îʬñ°Ì¤Î»þ´Ö¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï \f(CW\*(C`5\*(C'\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤ò \f(CW0\fR ¤Ë¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë
¤È¡¢¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤¬»þ´ÖÀÚ¤ì¤Ê¤·¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
.IP "timestamp_timeout" 16
.IX Item "timestamp_timeout"
.\"O Number of minutes that can elapse before \fBsudo\fR will ask for a
.\"O passwd again.  The default is \f(CW\*(C`5\*(C'\fR.  Set this to \f(CW0\fR to always
.\"O prompt for a password.
.\"O If set to a value less than \f(CW0\fR the user's timestamp will never
.\"O expire.  This can be used to allow users to create or delete their
.\"O own timestamps via \f(CW\*(C`sudo \-v\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`sudo \-k\*(C'\fR respectively.
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤¬¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òºÆ¤ÓÍ׵᤹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Þ¤Ç¤Î»þ´Ö¤òʬñ°Ì¤Ç
»ØÄꤹ¤ë¡£¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \f(CW\*(C`5\*(C'\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤ò \f(CW0\fR ¤Ë
¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢Ëè²ó¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÍ׵᤹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£\f(CW0\fR ¤è¤ê¾®¤µ¤¤ÃͤË
¥»¥Ã¥È¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥¿¥¤¥à¥¹¥¿¥ó¥×¤¬´ü¸ÂÀÚ¤ì¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ê¤¤¡£
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ \f(CW\*(C`sudo \-v\*(C'\fR ¤È \f(CW\*(C`sudo \-k\*(C'\fR ¤ò
¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥¿¥¤¥à¥¹¥¿¥ó¥×¤ò¼«Ê¬¤Çºî¤Ã¤¿¤ê¡¢¾Ã¤·¤¿¤ê¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë
¤·¤¿¤«¤Ã¤¿¤é¡¢¤³¤Î¼ê¤ò»È¤¨¤Ð¤è¤¤¡£
.IP "umask" 16
.IX Item "umask"
.\"O Umask to use when running the command.  Negate this option or set
.\"O it to 0777 to preserve the user's umask.  The actual umask that is
.\"O used will be the union of the user's umask and \f(CW\*(C`0022\*(C'\fR.
.\"O This guarantees that \fBsudo\fR never lowers the umask when running a
.\"O command.  Note on systems that use \s-1PAM\s0, the default \s-1PAM\s0 configuration
.\"O may specify its own umask which will override the value set in
.\"O \&\fIsudoers\fR.
.\"O .PP
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë umask ÃÍ¡£¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î umask Ãͤò¤½¤Î¤Þ¤Þ
»È¤¤¤¿¤«¤Ã¤¿¤é¡¢'!' ¤òƬ¤ËÉÕ¤±¤Æ¡¢¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÈÝÄꤹ¤ë¤«¡¢0777 ¤Ë
¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÎÃͤ¬ 0777 °Ê³°¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢¼ÂºÝ¤Ë»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ë
umask Ãͤϡ¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î umask ÃÍ¤È umask ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç»ØÄꤹ¤ë umask ÃͤȤÎ
¥Ó¥Ã¥ÈϤˤʤ롣¤½¤Î¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤¬¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¤Î
umask Ãͤ¬¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î umask Ãͤè¤êÄ㤯¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤ï¤±¤À¡£
¤Ê¤ª¡¢umask ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÎÃͤϡ¢\f(CW\*(C`0022\*(C'\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
\&\s-1PAM\s0 ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ \s-1PAM\s0 ¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥ÈÀßÄê¤Ç
umask Ãͤò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤¬¡¢¤½¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤¬ \fIsudoers\fR ¤Ç
»ØÄꤷ¤¿Ãͤò¾å½ñ¤­¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¡£
.PP
.\"O \&\fBStrings\fR:
\&\fBʸ»úÎó\fR:
.IP "badpass_message" 16
.IX Item "badpass_message"
.\"O Message that is displayed if a user enters an incorrect password.
.\"O The default is \f(CW\*(C`Sorry, try again.\*(C'\fR unless insults are enabled.
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ÉÔÀµ¤Ê¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆþÎϤ·¤¿¤È¤­¤Ëɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¡£
\&\fIinsults\fR ¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬Í­¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤«¤®¤ê¡¢¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï
¡Ö\f(CW\*(C`Sorry, try again.\*(C'\fR¡×¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "editor" 16
.IX Item "editor"
.\"O A colon (':') separated list of editors allowed to be used with
.\"O \&\fBvisudo\fR.  \fBvisudo\fR will choose the editor that matches the user's
.\"O \&\s-1EDITOR\s0 environment variable if possible, or the first editor in the
.\"O list that exists and is executable.  The default is the path to vi
.\"O on your system.
\&\fBvisudo\fR ¤Ç»ÈÍѤǤ­¤ë¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤ò¥³¥í¥ó (':') ¤Ç¶èÀڤ俥ꥹ¥È¡£
\&\fBvisudo\fR ¤Ï¡¢²Äǽ¤Ê¤é¤Ð¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î \s-1EDITOR\s0 ´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¤È°ìÃפ·
¤¿¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤òÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¡£¤½¤ì¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤È¤­¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤Ç¡¢
¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¸ºß¤·¡¢¤«¤Ä¼Â¹Ô²Äǽ¤ÊºÇ½é¤Î¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¡£¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï»ÈÍÑ
¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë vi ¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "mailsub" 16
.IX Item "mailsub"
.\"O Subject of the mail sent to the \fImailto\fR user. The escape \f(CW%h\fR
.\"O will expand to the hostname of the machine.
.\"O Default is \f(CW\*(C`*** SECURITY information for %h ***\*(C'\fR.
\&\fImailto\fR ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ËÁ÷ÉÕ¤¹¤ë¥á¡¼¥ë¤Î·ï̾¡£¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×ʸ»ú \f(CW%h\fR 
¤Ï¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤ËŸ³«¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï¡Ö\f(CW\*(C`*** SECURITY
information for %h ***\*(C'\fR¡×¡£
.IP "noexec_file" 16
.IX Item "noexec_file"
.\"O Path to a shared library containing dummy versions of the \fIexecv()\fR,
.\"O \&\fIexecve()\fR and \fIfexecve()\fR library functions that just return an error.
.\"O This is used to implement the \fInoexec\fR functionality on systems that
.\"O support \f(CW\*(C`LD_PRELOAD\*(C'\fR or its equivalent.  Defaults to \fI/usr/local/libexec/sudo_noexec.so\fR.
¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê´Ø¿ô \fIexecv()\fR, \&\fIexecve()\fR, \fIfexecve()\fR ¤Î
¥À¥ß¡¼ÈÇ (¥¨¥é¡¼¤òÊÖ¤¹¤À¤±¤Î´Ø¿ô) ¤¬Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¶¦Í­¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢\f(CW\*(C`LD_PRELOAD\*(C'\fR ¤ä¤½¤ì¤ËÁêÅö¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤ò
¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç \fInoexec\fR µ¡Ç½¤ò¼Â¸½¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \fI/usr/local/libexec/sudo_noexec.so\fR ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.IP "passprompt" 16
.IX Item "passprompt"
.\"O The default prompt to use when asking for a password; can be overridden
.\"O via the \fB\-p\fR option or the \f(CW\*(C`SUDO_PROMPT\*(C'\fR environment variable.
.\"O The following percent (`\f(CW\*(C`%\*(C'\fR') escapes are supported:
¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÍ׵᤹¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¡£\fB-p\fR ¥ª
¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ä´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô \f(CW\*(C`SUDO_PROMPT\*(C'\fR ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È
¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£°Ê²¼¤Î¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥È (`\f(CW\*(C`%\*(C'\fR') ¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤¬»ÈÍѤÇ
¤­¤ë¡£
.RS 16
.ie n .IP "%H" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%H\fR" 4
.IX Item "%H"
.\"O expanded to the local hostname including the domain name
.\"O (on if the machine's hostname is fully qualified or the \fIfqdn\fR
.\"O option is set)
¥É¥á¥¤¥ó̾ÉÕ¤­¤Î¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤ËŸ³« (¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤¬´°Á´½¤¾þ̾¤«¡¢
\&\fIfqdn\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¥»¥Ã¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤ËÍ­¸ú)
.ie n .IP "%h" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%h\fR" 4
.IX Item "%h"
.\"O expanded to the local hostname without the domain name
¥É¥á¥¤¥ó̾¤Ê¤·¤Î¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤ËŸ³«
.ie n .IP "%p" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%p\fR" 4
.IX Item "%p"
.\"O expanded to the user whose password is being asked for (respects the 
.\"O \&\fIrootpw\fR, \fItargetpw\fR and \fIrunaspw\fR flags in \fIsudoers\fR)
¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÍ׵ᤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¤ËŸ³« (\fIsudoers\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î 
\&\fIrootpw\fR, \fItargetpw\fR, \fIrunaspw\fR ¥Õ¥é¥°¤òº½Å¤¹¤ë)
.ie n .IP "%U" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%U\fR" 4
.IX Item "%U"
.\"O expanded to the login name of the user the command will
.\"O be run as (defaults to root)
ÊÑ¿ÈÂоݥ桼¥¶¤Î (¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï root) ¥í¥°¥¤¥ó̾¤ËŸ³«
.ie n .IP "%u" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW%u\fR" 4
.IX Item "%u"
.\"O expanded to the invoking user's login name
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤òµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥í¥°¥¤¥ó̾¤ËŸ³«
.ie n .IP "\*(C`%%\*(C'" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW\*(C`%%\*(C'\fR" 4
.IX Item "%%"
.\"O two consecutive \f(CW\*(C`%\*(C'\fR characters are collapsed into a single \f(CW\*(C`%\*(C'\fR character
Ϣ³¤·¤¿Æó¸Ä¤Î \f(CW\*(C`%\*(C'\fR ¤Ï¡¢°ì¸Ä¤Î \f(CW\*(C`%\*(C'\fR ʸ»ú
¤½¤Î¤â¤Î¤ò°ÕÌ£¤¹¤ë
.RE
.RS 16
.Sp
.\"O The default value is \f(CW\*(C`Password:\*(C'\fR.
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÎÃͤϡÖ\f(CW\*(C`Password:\*(C'\fR¡×¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.RE
.\" .IP "role" 16
.\" .IX Item "role"
.\" The default SELinux role to use when constructing a new security
.\" context to run the command.  The default role may be overridden on
.\" a per-command basis in \fIsudoers\fR or via command line options.
.\" This option is only available whe \fBsudo\fR is built with SELinux support.
.\" ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë SELinux ¤Î¿·¤·¤¤¥»¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¡¦¥³¥ó¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤ò
.\" ¹½À®¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¡¢»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥í¡¼¥ë¡£¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥í¡¼¥ë¤Ï¡¢
.\" \&\fIsudoers\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ä¡¢¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É
.\" ¤´¤È¤ËÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬ÍøÍѤǤ­¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢\fBsudo\fR 
.\" ¤¬ SELinux ¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ä¤­¤ÇºîÀ®¤µ¤ì¤¿¤È¤­¤À¤±¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "runas_default" 16
.IX Item "runas_default"
.\"O The default user to run commands as if the \fB\-u\fR option is not specified
.\"O on the command line.  This defaults to \f(CW\*(C`root\*(C'\fR.
.\"O Note that if \fIrunas_default\fR is set it \fBmust\fR occur before
.\"O any \f(CW\*(C`Runas_Alias\*(C'\fR specifications.
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤Ç \fB-u\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤È¤­¤Î¡¢¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î
ÊÑ¿ÈÂоݥ桼¥¶¡£¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \f(CW\*(C`root\*(C'\fR ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
\fIrunas_default\fR ¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤Ê¤é¡¢\f(CW\*(C`Runas_Alias\*(C'\fR ¤ò
»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤è¤ê¤âÁ°¤Ë¤ä¤é¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡£
.IP "syslog_badpri" 16
.IX Item "syslog_badpri"
.\"O Syslog priority to use when user authenticates unsuccessfully.
.\"O Defaults to \f(CW\*(C`alert\*(C'\fR.
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬Ç§¾Ú¤Ë¼ºÇÔ¤·¤¿¤È¤­¤Ë»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë syslog ¤ÎÍ¥Àè½ç°Ì (priority)¡£¥Ç
¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \f(CW\*(C`alert\*(C'\fR ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.IP "syslog_goodpri" 16
.IX Item "syslog_goodpri"
.\"O Syslog priority to use when user authenticates successfully.
.\"O Defaults to \f(CW\*(C`notice\*(C'\fR.
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬Ç§¾Ú¤ËÀ®¸ù¤·¤¿¤È¤­¤Ë»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë syslog ¤ÎÍ¥Àè½ç°Ì (priority)¡£¥Ç
¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \f(CW\*(C`notice\*(C'\fR ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.IP "sudoers_locale" 16
.IX Item "sudoers_locale"
.\"O Locale to use when parsing the sudoers file.  Note that changing
.\"O the locale may affect how sudoers is interpreted.
.\"O Defaults to \f(CW"C"\fR.
sudoers ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò²òÀϤ¹¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¡£¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¤ÎÊѹ¹¤Ï¡¢
sudoers ¤Î²ò¼á¤Ë±Æ¶Á¤¬¤¢¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢Ãí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï \f(CW"C"\fR ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.IP "timestampdir" 16
.IX Item "timestampdir"
.\"O The directory in which \fBsudo\fR stores its timestamp files.
.\"O The default is \fI/var/run/sudo\fR.
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤¬¥¿¥¤¥à¥¹¥¿¥ó¥×¡¦¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÃÖ¤¯¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¡£¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È
¤Ï \fI/var/run/sudo\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "timestampowner" 16
.IX Item "timestampowner"
.\"O The owner of the timestamp directory and the timestamps stored therein.
.\"O The default is \f(CW\*(C`root\*(C'\fR.
¥¿¥¤¥à¥¹¥¿¥ó¥×¡¦¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤È¤½¤³¤ËÃÖ¤«¤ì¤ë¥¿¥¤¥à¥¹¥¿¥ó¥×¤Î½êÍ­¼Ô¡£¥Ç
¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï \f(CW\*(C`root\*(C'\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.\" .IP "type" 16
.\" .IX Item "type"
.\" The default SELinux type to use when constructing a new security
.\" context to run the command.  The default type may be overridden on
.\" a per-command basis in \fIsudoers\fR or via command line options.
.\" This option is only available whe \fBsudo\fR is built with SELinux support.
.\" ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë SELinux ¤Î¿·¤·¤¤¥»¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¡¦¥³¥ó¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤ò
.\" ¹½À®¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¡¢»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥¿¥¤¥×¡£¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥¿¥¤¥×¤Ï¡¢
.\" \&\fIsudoers\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ä¡¢¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É
.\" ¤´¤È¤ËÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬ÍøÍѤǤ­¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢\fBsudo\fR 
.\" ¤¬ SELinux ¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ä¤­¤ÇºîÀ®¤µ¤ì¤¿¤È¤­¤À¤±¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O \&\fBStrings that can be used in a boolean context\fR:
\&\fB¿¿µ¶ÃͤȤ·¤Æ¤â»ÈÍѤǤ­¤ëʸ»úÎó\fR:
.IP "askpass" 12
.IX Item "askpass"
.\"O The \fIaskpass\fR option specifies the fully qualified path to a helper
.\"O program used to read the user's password when no terminal is
.\"O available.  This may be the case when \fBsudo\fR is executed from a
.\"O graphical (as opposed to text-based) application.  The program
.\"O specified by \fIaskpass\fR should display the argument passed to it
.\"O as the prompt and write the user's password to the standard output.
.\"O The value of \fIaskpass\fR may be overridden by the \f(CW\*(C`SUDO_ASKPASS\*(C'\fR
.\"O environment variable.
\&\fIaskpass\fR ¤Ç»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢¥Ø¥ë¥Ñ¡¼¡¦¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ÎÀäÂХѥ¹¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Ø¥ë¥Ñ¡¼¡¦¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ï¡¢¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Ê¥ë¤òÍøÍѤǤ­¤Ê¤¤¤È¤­¤Ë¡¢
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆɤ߹þ¤à¤¿¤á¤Ë»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¡£¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤¬
(¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯) ¥°¥é¥Õ¥£¥«¥ë¤Ê¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤«¤é¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤ë
¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤À¡£\fIaskpass\fR ¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥Ø¥ë¥Ñ¡¼¡¦¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ï¡¢
ÅϤµ¤ì¤¿°ú¤­¿ô¤ò¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤È¤·¤Æɽ¼¨¤·¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òɸ½à½ÐÎϤË
½ñ¤­½Ð¤¹¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
\&\fIaskpass\fR ¤ÎÃͤϡ¢´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô \f(CW\*(C`SUDO_ASKPASS\*(C'\fR ¤Ç
¾å½ñ¤­¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.IP "env_file" 12
.IX Item "env_file"
.\"O The \fIenv_file\fR options specifies the fully qualified path to a
.\"O file containing variables to be set in the environment of the program
.\"O being run.  Entries in this file should either be of the form
.\"O \&\f(CW\*(C`VARIABLE=value\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`export VARIABLE=value\*(C'\fR.  The value may
.\"O optionally be surrounded by single or double quotes.  Variables in
.\"O this file are subject to other \fBsudo\fR environment settings such
.\"O as \fIenv_keep\fR and \fIenv_check\fR.
\&\fIenv_file\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÀäÂХѥ¹¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢
¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Î´Ä¶­¤È¤·¤ÆÀßÄꤹ¤ëÊÑ¿ô¤ò¤½¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë³ÊǼ¤·¤Æ
¤ª¤¯¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ï \f(CW\*(C`VARIABLE=value\*(C'\fR
¤« \f(CW\*(C`export VARIABLE=value\*(C'\fR ¤Î·Á¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
ÊÑ¿ô¤ÎÃͤò¥·¥ó¥°¥ë¥¯¥©¡¼¥È¤ä¥À¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥©¡¼¥È¤Ç°Ï¤ó¤Ç¤â¤è¤¤¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ëÊÑ¿ô¤Ï¡¢\fIenv_keep\fR ¤ä \fIenv_check\fR ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤Î¤Û¤«¤Î´Ä¶­ÀßÄê¤Î±Æ¶Á¤ò¼õ¤±¤ë¡£
.IP "exempt_group" 12
.IX Item "exempt_group"
.\"O Users in this group are exempt from password and \s-1PATH\s0 requirements.
.\"O This is not set by default.
¤³¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ÎÆþÎϤä \fIsecure_path\fR ¤Ë¤è¤ë
\&\s-1PATH\s0 ¤Î¸ÂÄê¤òÌȽü¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï
¥»¥Ã¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
.IP "lecture" 12
.IX Item "lecture"
.\"O This option controls when a short lecture will be printed along with
.\"O the password prompt.  It has the following possible values:
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤Ï¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤Ëź¤¨¤Æ´Êñ¤Ê·±²ü¤òɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬
¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¤½¤Î·±²ü¤ò¤¤¤Äɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¤«¤ò·èÄꤹ¤ë¡£°Ê²¼¤ÎÃͤ¬
²Äǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.RS 12
.IP "always" 8
.IX Item "always"
.\"O Always lecture the user.
¤¤¤Ä¤Ç¤âɬ¤º·±²ü¤òɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë
.IP "never" 8
.IX Item "never"
.\"O Never lecture the user.
·±²ü¤ò°ìÀÚɽ¼¨¤·¤Ê¤¤¡£
.IP "once" 8
.IX Item "once"
.\"O Only lecture the user the first time they run \fBsudo\fR.
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¤Ï¤¸¤á¤Æ \fBsudo\fR ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤¿¤È¤­¤À¤±É½¼¨¤¹¤ë¡£
.RE
.RS 12
.Sp
.\"O If no value is specified, a value of \fIonce\fR is implied.
.\"O Negating the option results in a value of \fInever\fR being used.
.\"O The default value is \fIonce\fR.
Ãͤò»ØÄꤷ¤Ê¤¤¤È¡¢\fIonce\fR ¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤¿¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£Æ¬¤Ë '!' ¤òÉÕ¤±¤Æ¡¢
¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÈÝÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢ÃÍ¤Ë \fInever\fR ¤¬»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÎÃÍ¤Ï \fIonce\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.RE
.IP "lecture_file" 12
.IX Item "lecture_file"
.\"O Path to a file containing an alternate \fBsudo\fR lecture that will
.\"O be used in place of the standard lecture if the named file exists.
.\"O By default, \fBsudo\fR uses a built-in lecture.
ɸ½à¤Î·±²ü¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë \fBsudo\fR ¤Î·±²ü¤ò½ñ¤­¹þ¤ó¤À¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬¤¢¤ë¤Ê¤é¡¢
\&\fIlecture_file\fR ¤Ç¤½¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¡£\fBsudo\fR ¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ËËä¤á¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤¿·±²ü¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¡£
.IP "listpw" 12
.IX Item "listpw"
.\"O This option controls when a password will be required when a
.\"O user runs \fBsudo\fR with the \fB\-l\fR option.  It has the following possible values:
¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¡¢\fBsudo\fB ¤ò\fB\ -l\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óÉÕ¤­¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤·¤¿¤È¤­¡¢
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÍ׵ᤵ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢¤É¤ó¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤«¤ò·èÄꤹ¤ë¡£
°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÃͤ¬²Äǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.RS 12
.IP "all" 8
.IX Item "all"
.\"O All the user's \fIsudoers\fR entries for the current host must have
.\"O the \f(CW\*(C`NOPASSWD\*(C'\fR flag set to avoid entering a password.
¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆþÎϤ·¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¹¤à¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢\fIsudoers\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î»ÈÍÑÃæ¤Î
¥Û¥¹¥È¤ËÂФ¹¤ëÅö³º¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Ë 
\&\f(CW\*(C`NOPASSWD\*(C'\fR ¥¿¥°¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
.IP "always" 8
.IX Item "always"
.\"O The user must always enter a password to use the \fB\-l\fR option.
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï \fB\-l\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ëºÝ¤Ëɬ¤º¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆþÎϤ·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð
¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
.IP "any" 8
.IX Item "any"
.\"O At least one of the user's \fIsudoers\fR entries for the current host
.\"O must have the \f(CW\*(C`NOPASSWD\*(C'\fR flag set to avoid entering a password.
¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆþÎϤ·¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¹¤à¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢\fIsudoers\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î»ÈÍÑÃæ¤Î
¥Û¥¹¥È¤ËÂФ¹¤ëÅö³º¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Î¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â°ì¤Ä¤Ë 
\&\f(CW\*(C`NOPASSWD\*(C'\fR ¥¿¥°¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
.IP "never" 8
.IX Item "never"
.\"O The user need never enter a password to use the \fB\-l\fR option.
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï \fB\-l\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ëºÝ¤Ë¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆþÎϤ¹¤ëɬÍפ¬
¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯¤Ê¤¤¡£
.RE
.RS 12
.Sp
.\"O If no value is specified, a value of \fIany\fR is implied.
.\"O Negating the option results in a value of \fInever\fR being used.
.\"O The default value is \fIany\fR.
Ãͤò»ØÄꤷ¤Ê¤¤¤È¡¢ÃÍ¤Ï \fIany\fR ¤À¤È¸«¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£'!' ¤òƬ¤ËÉÕ¤±¤Æ¡¢
¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÈÝÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢ÃÍ¤Ë \fInever\fR ¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï \fIany\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.RE
.IP "logfile" 12
.IX Item "logfile"
.\"O Path to the \fBsudo\fR log file (not the syslog log file).  Setting a path
.\"O turns on logging to a file; negating this option turns it off.
.\"O By default, \fBsudo\fR logs via syslog.
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤Î¥í¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥Ñ¥¹ (syslog ·Ðͳ¤Î¥í¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤)¡£
¥Ñ¥¹¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ø¤Î¥í¥®¥ó¥°¤¬ on ¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¡¢ '!' ¤òƬ¤ËÉÕ¤±¤Æ¡¢
¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÈÝÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢off ¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤Ï 
syslog ·Ðͳ¤Ç¥í¥°¤ò¼è¤ë¡£
.IP "mailerflags" 12
.IX Item "mailerflags"
.\"O Flags to use when invoking mailer. Defaults to \fB\-t\fR.
¥á¡¼¥é¤òµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¥Õ¥é¥°¡£¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï \fB\-t\fR ¤Ë
¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.IP "mailerpath" 12
.IX Item "mailerpath"
.\"O Path to mail program used to send warning mail.
.\"O Defaults to the path to sendmail found at configure time.
·Ù¹ð¥á¡¼¥ë¤ÎÁ÷¿®¤Ë»È¤¦¥á¡¼¥ë¡¦¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¡£¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï configure 
¤·¤¿¤È¤­¤Ë¸«¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤¿ sendmail ¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¡£
.IP "mailfrom" 12
.IX Item "mailfrom"
.\"O Address to use for the \*(L"from\*(R" address when sending warning and error
.\"O mail.  The address should be enclosed in double quotes (\f(CW\*(C`"\*(C'\fR) to
.\"O protect against \fBsudo\fR interpreting the \f(CW\*(C`@\*(C'\fR sign.  Defaults to
.\"O the name of the user running \fBsudo\fR.
·Ù¹ð¥á¡¼¥ë¤ä¥¨¥é¡¼¡¦¥á¡¼¥ë¤òÁ÷¤ë¤È¤­¡¢º¹½Ð¿Í¤È¤·¤Æ»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¡£
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤¬ \f(CW\*(C`@\*(C'\fR µ­¹æ¤ò²ò¼á¤·¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢
¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ï¥À¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥©¡¼¥È (\f(CW\*(C`"\*(C'\fR) ¤Ç°Ï¤à¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î̾Á°¡£
.IP "mailto" 12
.IX Item "mailto"
.\"O Address to send warning and error mail to.  The address should
.\"O be enclosed in double quotes (\f(CW\*(C`"\*(C'\fR) to protect against \fBsudo\fR
.\"O interpreting the \f(CW\*(C`@\*(C'\fR sign.  Defaults to \f(CW\*(C`root\*(C'\fR.
·Ù¹ð¥á¡¼¥ë¤ä¥¨¥é¡¼¡¦¥á¡¼¥ë¤òÁ÷ÉÕ¤¹¤ë°¸Àè¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¡£\fBsudo\fR ¤¬ 
\&\f(CW\*(C`@\*(C'\fR µ­¹æ¤ò²ò¼á¤·¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ï
¥À¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥©¡¼¥È (\f(CW\*(C`"\*(C'\fR) ¤Ç°Ï¤à¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï root ¤Ë
¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.IP "secure_path" 12
.IX Item "secure_path"
.\"O Path used for every command run from \fBsudo\fR.  If you don't trust the
.\"O people running \fBsudo\fR to have a sane \f(CW\*(C`PATH\*(C'\fR environment variable you may
.\"O want to use this.  Another use is if you want to have the \*(L"root path\*(R"
.\"O be separate from the \*(L"user path.\*(R"  Users in the group specified by the
.\"O \&\fIexempt_group\fR option are not affected by \fIsecure_path\fR.
.\"O This is not set by default.
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤«¤é¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤ë¤¢¤é¤æ¤ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤¬»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¥Ñ¥¹¡£
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¡¢ÌµÆñ¤Ê´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô \f(CW\*(C`PATH\*(C'\fR ¤ò
»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«³Î¿®¤¬»ý¤Æ¤Ê¤¤¤Ê¤é¡¢¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤È¤è¤¤¤À¤í¤¦¡£
¤â¤¦°ì¤Ä¤Î»ÈÍÑË¡¤Ï¡¢¡Öroot ¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¡×¤È¡Ö°ìÈ̥桼¥¶¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¡×¤òÊ̤Τâ¤Î¤Ë
¤·¤Æ¤ª¤­¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤À¡£¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ \fIexempt_group\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç»ØÄꤷ¤¿
¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ë°¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¡¢¤½¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï \fIsecure_path\fR ¤Î±Æ¶Á¤ò¼õ¤±¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¡¢¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¥»¥Ã¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
.IP "syslog" 12
.IX Item "syslog"
.\"O Syslog facility if syslog is being used for logging (negate to
.\"O disable syslog logging).  Defaults to \f(CW\*(C`local2\*(C'\fR.
syslog ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥í¥°¤ò¼è¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Î syslog ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥·¥ê¥Æ¥£ (syslog ·Ðͳ¤Ç
¥í¥°¤ò¼è¤é¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢'!' ¤òƬ¤ËÉÕ¤±¤Æ¡¢¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÈÝÄꤹ¤ë)¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï \f(CW\*(C`local2\*(C'\fR ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.IP "verifypw" 12
.IX Item "verifypw"
.\"O This option controls when a password will be required when a user runs
.\"O \&\fBsudo\fR with the \fB\-v\fR option.  It has the following possible values:
¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤ò \fB\-v\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óÉÕ¤­¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤·¤¿¤È¤­¡¢
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÍ׵ᤵ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢¤É¤ó¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤«¤ò·èÄꤹ¤ë¡£¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê
Ãͤ¬²Äǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.RS 12
.IP "all" 8
.IX Item "all"
.\"O All the user's \fIsudoers\fR entries for the current host must have
.\"O the \f(CW\*(C`NOPASSWD\*(C'\fR flag set to avoid entering a password.
¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆþÎϤ·¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¹¤à¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢\fIsudoers\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î»ÈÍÑÃæ¤Î
¥Û¥¹¥È¤ËÂФ¹¤ëÅö³º¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Ë 
\&\f(CW\*(C`NOPASSWD\*(C'\fR ¥¿¥°¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
.IP "always" 8
.IX Item "always"
.\"O The user must always enter a password to use the \fB\-v\fR option.
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï \fB\-v\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ëºÝ¤Ëɬ¤º¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆþÎϤ·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð
¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
.IP "any" 8
.IX Item "any"
.\"O At least one of the user's \fIsudoers\fR entries for the current host
.\"O must have the \f(CW\*(C`NOPASSWD\*(C'\fR flag set to avoid entering a password.
¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆþÎϤ·¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¹¤à¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢\fIsudoers\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î»ÈÍÑÃæ¤Î
¥Û¥¹¥È¤ËÂФ¹¤ëÅö³º¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Î¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â°ì¤Ä¤Ë 
\f(CW\*(C`NOPASSWD\*(C'\fR ¥¿¥°¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
.IP "never" 8
.IX Item "never"
.\"O The user need never enter a password to use the \fB\-v\fR option.
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï \fB\-v\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ëºÝ¤Ë¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆþÎϤ¹¤ëɬÍפ¬
¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯¤Ê¤¤¡£
.RE
.RS 12
.Sp
.\"O If no value is specified, a value of \fIall\fR is implied.
.\"O Negating the option results in a value of \fInever\fR being used.
.\"O The default value is \fIall\fR.
Ãͤò»ØÄꤷ¤Ê¤¤¤È¡¢ÃÍ¤Ï \fIall\fR ¤À¤È¸«¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£'!' ¤òƬ¤ËÉÕ¤±¤Æ¡¢
¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÈÝÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢ÃÍ¤Ë \fInever\fR ¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï \fIall\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.RE
.PP
.\"O \&\fBLists that can be used in a boolean context\fR:
\&\fB¿¿µ¶ÃͤȤ·¤Æ¤â»ÈÍѤǤ­¤ë¥ê¥¹¥È\fR:
.IP "env_check" 16
.IX Item "env_check"
.\"O Environment variables to be removed from the user's environment if
.\"O the variable's value contains \f(CW\*(C`%\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`/\*(C'\fR characters.  This can
.\"O be used to guard against printf-style format vulnerabilities in
.\"O poorly-written programs.  The argument may be a double-quoted,
.\"O space-separated list or a single value without double-quotes.  The
.\"O list can be replaced, added to, deleted from, or disabled by using
.\"O the \f(CW\*(C`=\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`+=\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\-=\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`!\*(C'\fR operators respectively.  Regardless
.\"O of whether the \f(CW\*(C`env_reset\*(C'\fR option is enabled or disabled, variables
.\"O specified by \f(CW\*(C`env_check\*(C'\fR will be preserved in the environment if
.\"O they pass the aforementioned check.  The default list of environment
.\"O variables to check is displayed when \fBsudo\fR is run by root with
.\"O the \fI\-V\fR option.
ÊÑ¿ô¤ÎÃÍ¤Ë \f(CW\*(C`%\*(C'\fR ¤ä \f(CW\*(C`/\*(C'\fR ¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¡¢
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î´Ä¶­¤«¤é¼è¤ê½ü¤«¤ì¤ë´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¡£
¤³¤Îµ¡Ç½¤Ï¡¢½ÐÍè¤Î¤è¤¯¤Ê¤¤¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ë¸«¤é¤ì¤ë printf ·Á¼°¤Î¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤Î
ÀȼåÀ­¤ËÂн褹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ËÍøÍѤǤ­¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î°ú¤­¿ô¤Ï¡¢
¥À¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥©¡¼¥È¤Ç°Ï¤Þ¤ì¡¢¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤Ç¶èÀÚ¤é¤ì¤¿¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ç¤â¤è¤¯¡¢
¥À¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥©¡¼¥È¤Ê¤·¤Îñ°ì¤ÎÃͤǤâ¤è¤¤¡£¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ï¡¢\f(CW\*(C`=\*(C'\fR,
\&\f(CW\*(C`+=\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\-=\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`!\*(C'\fR ±é»»»Ò¤ò
»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤½¤ì¤¾¤ìÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤¿¤ê¡¢Äɲä·¤¿¤ê¡¢ºï½ü¤·¤¿¤ê¡¢Ìµ¸ú¤Ë¤·¤¿¤ê
¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£\fIenv_check\fR ¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿ÊÑ¿ô¤Ï¡¢
\&\fIenv_reset\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¤ÎÍ­¸ú¡¦Ìµ¸ú¤Ë¤«¤«¤ï¤é¤º¡¢¾åµ­¤Î¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤Ë
¥Ñ¥¹¤¹¤ì¤Ð¡¢´Ä¶­¤ËÊݸ¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤µ¤ì¤ë´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¤Î
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ï¡¢root ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ \fBsudo\fR ¤Ë \&\fI\-V\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò
ÉÕ¤±¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤·¤¿¤È¤­¤Ëɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
.IP "env_delete" 16
.IX Item "env_delete"
.\"O Environment variables to be removed from the user's environment
.\"O when the \fIenv_reset\fR option is not in effect.  The argument may
.\"O be a double-quoted, space-separated list or a single value without
.\"O double-quotes.  The list can be replaced, added to, deleted from,
.\"O or disabled by using the \f(CW\*(C`=\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`+=\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\-=\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`!\*(C'\fR operators
.\"O respectively.  The default list of environment variables to remove
.\"O is displayed when \fBsudo\fR is run by root with the \fI\-V\fR option.
.\"O Note that many operating systems will remove potentially dangerous
.\"O variables from the environment of any setuid process (such as
.\"O \&\fBsudo\fR).
\&\fIenv_reset\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬Ìµ¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î´Ä¶­¤«¤é
¼è¤ê½ü¤«¤ì¤ë´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¡£¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î°ú¤­¿ô¤Ï¡¢¥À¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥©¡¼¥È¤Ç°Ï¤Þ¤ì¡¢
¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤Ç¶èÀÚ¤é¤ì¤¿¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ç¤â¤è¤¯¡¢¥À¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥©¡¼¥È¤Ê¤·¤Îñ°ì¤ÎÃͤǤâ¤è¤¤¡£
¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ï¡¢\f(CW\*(C`=\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`+=\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\-=\*(C'\fR,
\&\f(CW\*(C`!\*(C'\fR ±é»»»Ò¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤½¤ì¤¾¤ìÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤¿¤ê¡¢Äɲä·¤¿¤ê¡¢
ºï½ü¤·¤¿¤ê¡¢Ìµ¸ú¤Ë¤·¤¿¤ê¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£¼è¤ê½ü¤«¤ì¤ë´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¤Î
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ï¡¢root ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ \fBsudo\fR ¤Ë \fI\-V\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò
ÉÕ¤±¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤·¤¿¤È¤­¤Ëɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£Î±°Õ¤¹¤Ù¤­¤Ï¡¢¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
´í¸±¤ò¤â¤¿¤é¤·¤«¤Í¤Ê¤¤ÊÑ¿ô¤ò¤¤¤«¤Ê¤ë setuid ¥×¥í¥»¥¹ (\fBsudo\fR ¤â
¤½¤Î°ì¤Ä) ¤Î´Ä¶­¤«¤é¤â¼è¤ê½ü¤¯¤³¤È¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î¤¬Â¿¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "env_keep" 16
.IX Item "env_keep"
.\"O Environment variables to be preserved in the user's environment
.\"O when the \fIenv_reset\fR option is in effect.  This allows fine-grained
.\"O control over the environment \fBsudo\fR\-spawned processes will receive.
.\"O The argument may be a double-quoted, space-separated list or a
.\"O single value without double-quotes.  The list can be replaced, added
.\"O to, deleted from, or disabled by using the \f(CW\*(C`=\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`+=\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\-=\*(C'\fR, and
.\"O \&\f(CW\*(C`!\*(C'\fR operators respectively.  The default list of variables to keep
.\"O is displayed when \fBsudo\fR is run by root with the \fI\-V\fR option.
\&\fIenv_reset\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬Í­¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤­¤Ç¤â¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î´Ä¶­¤Ë
¤½¤Î¤Þ¤ÞÊݸ¤µ¤ì¤ë´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¡£¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤«¤é
À¸¤ß½Ð¤µ¤ì¤ë¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬¼õ¤±¼è¤ë´Ä¶­¤ò¡¢¤­¤áºÙ¤«¤¯À©¸æ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬²Äǽ¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î°ú¤­¿ô¤Ï¡¢¥À¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥©¡¼¥È¤Ç°Ï¤Þ¤ì¡¢¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤Ç¶èÀÚ¤é¤ì¤¿¥ê
¥¹¥È¤Ç¤â¤è¤¯¡¢¥À¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥©¡¼¥È¤Ê¤·¤Îñ°ì¤ÎÃͤǤâ¤è¤¤¡£¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ï¡¢
\&\f(CW\*(C`=\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`+=\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\-=\*(C'\fR,
\&\f(CW\*(C`!\*(C'\fR ±é»»»Ò¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤½¤ì¤¾¤ìÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤¿¤ê¡¢
Äɲä·¤¿¤ê¡¢ºï½ü¤·¤¿¤ê¡¢Ìµ¸ú¤Ë¤·¤¿¤ê¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£Êݸ¤µ¤ì¤ëÊÑ¿ô¤Î
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ï¡¢root ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ \fBsudo\fR ¤Ë \fI\-V\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò
ÉÕ¤±¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤·¤¿¤È¤­¤Ëɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
.PP
.\"O When logging via \fIsyslog\fR\|(3), \fBsudo\fR accepts the following values
.\"O for the syslog facility (the value of the \fBsyslog\fR Parameter):
.\"O \&\fBauthpriv\fR (if your \s-1OS\s0 supports it), \fBauth\fR, \fBdaemon\fR, \fBuser\fR,
.\"O \&\fBlocal0\fR, \fBlocal1\fR, \fBlocal2\fR, \fBlocal3\fR, \fBlocal4\fR, \fBlocal5\fR,
.\"O \&\fBlocal6\fR, and \fBlocal7\fR.  The following syslog priorities are
.\"O supported: \fBalert\fR, \fBcrit\fR, \fBdebug\fR, \fBemerg\fR, \fBerr\fR, \fBinfo\fR,
.\"O \&\fBnotice\fR, and \fBwarning\fR.
\fIsyslog\fR\|(3) ·Ðͳ¤Ç¥í¥°¤òµ­Ï¿¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤Ï syslog ¤Î¥Õ¥¡
¥·¥ê¥Æ¥£ (facility: \fBsyslog\fR ¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤ÎÃÍ) ¤È¤·¤Æ¼¡¤ÎÃͤò¼õ¤±ÉÕ
¤±¤ë¡£\fBauthpriv\fR (¤¿¤À¤·¡¢\s-1OS\s0 ¤¬¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Ê¤é¤Ð¤À¤¬)¡¢
\&\fBauth\fR, \fBdaemon\fR, \fBuser\fR, \fBlocal0\fR, \fBlocal1\fR,
\&\fBlocal2\fR, \fBlocal3\fR, \fBlocal4\fR, \fBlocal5\fR,
\&\fBlocal6\fR, \fBlocal7\fR¡£syslog ¤ÎÍ¥Àè½ç°Ì (priority) ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢
¼¡¤Î¤â¤Î¤ËÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£\fBalert\fR, \fBcrit\fR, \fBdebug\fR,
\&\fBemerg\fR, \fBerr\fR, \fBinfo\fR, \fBnotice\fR, \fBwarning\fR¡£
.\"O .SH "FILES"
.SH "¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë"
.IX Header "FILES"
.ie n .IP "\fI/etc/sudoers\fR" 24
.el .IP "\fI/etc/sudoers\fR" 24
.IX Item "/etc/sudoers"
.\"O List of who can run what
郎²¿¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤«¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È
.IP "\fI/etc/group\fR" 24
.IX Item "/etc/group"
.\"O Local groups file
¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë
.IP "\fI/etc/netgroup\fR" 24
.IX Item "/etc/netgroup"
.\"O List of network groups
¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È
.\"O .SH "EXAMPLES"
.SH "ÍÑÎã"
.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
.\"O Below are example \fIsudoers\fR entries.  Admittedly, some of
.\"O these are a bit contrived.  First, we define our \fIaliases\fR:
.\"O .PP
°Ê²¼¤Ï sudoers ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Î¸«ËܤǤ¢¤ë¡£ÀµÄ¾¤Ê¤È¤³¤í¡¢¤¤¤µ¤µ¤«
¶Å¤ê¤¹¤®¤ÎÉôʬ¤â¤¢¤ë¡£¤Þ¤ººÇ½é¤Ë¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¤òÄêµÁ¤¹¤ë¡£
.PP
.Vb 4
.\"O \& # User alias specification
\& # User alias ¤Î»ØÄê
\& User_Alias     FULLTIMERS = millert, mikef, dowdy
\& User_Alias     PARTTIMERS = bostley, jwfox, crawl
\& User_Alias     WEBMASTERS = will, wendy, wim
\&
.\"O \& # Runas alias specification
\& # Runas alias ¤Î»ØÄê
\& Runas_Alias    OP = root, operator
\& Runas_Alias    DB = oracle, sybase
\& Runas_Alias    ADMINGRP = adm, oper
\&
.\"O \& # Host alias specification
\& # Host alias ¤Î»ØÄê
\& Host_Alias     SPARC = bigtime, eclipse, moet, anchor :\e
\&                SGI = grolsch, dandelion, black :\e
\&                ALPHA = widget, thalamus, foobar :\e
\&                HPPA = boa, nag, python
\& Host_Alias     CUNETS = 128.138.0.0/255.255.0.0
\& Host_Alias     CSNETS = 128.138.243.0, 128.138.204.0/24, 128.138.242.0
\& Host_Alias     SERVERS = master, mail, www, ns
\& Host_Alias     CDROM = orion, perseus, hercules
\&
.\"O \& # Cmnd alias specification
\& # Cmnd alias ¤Î»ØÄê
\& Cmnd_Alias     DUMPS = /usr/bin/mt, /usr/sbin/dump, /usr/sbin/rdump,\e
\&                        /usr/sbin/restore, /usr/sbin/rrestore
\& Cmnd_Alias     KILL = /usr/bin/kill
\& Cmnd_Alias     PRINTING = /usr/sbin/lpc, /usr/bin/lprm
\& Cmnd_Alias     SHUTDOWN = /usr/sbin/shutdown
\& Cmnd_Alias     HALT = /usr/sbin/halt
\& Cmnd_Alias     REBOOT = /usr/sbin/reboot
\& Cmnd_Alias     SHELLS = /usr/bin/sh, /usr/bin/csh, /usr/bin/ksh, \e
\&                         /usr/local/bin/tcsh, /usr/bin/rsh, \e
\&                         /usr/local/bin/zsh
\& Cmnd_Alias     SU = /usr/bin/su
\& Cmnd_Alias     PAGERS = /usr/bin/more, /usr/bin/pg, /usr/bin/less
.Ve
.PP
.\"O Here we override some of the compiled in default values.  We want
.\"O \&\fBsudo\fR to log via \fIsyslog\fR\|(3) using the \fIauth\fR facility in all
.\"O cases.  We don't want to subject the full time staff to the \fBsudo\fR
.\"O lecture, user \fBmillert\fR need not give a password, and we don't
.\"O want to reset the \f(CW\*(C`LOGNAME\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`USER\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`USERNAME\*(C'\fR environment
.\"O variables when running commands as root.  Additionally, on the
.\"O machines in the \fI\s-1SERVERS\s0\fR \f(CW\*(C`Host_Alias\*(C'\fR, we keep an additional
.\"O local log file and make sure we log the year in each log line since
.\"O the log entries will be kept around for several years.  Lastly, we
.\"O disable shell escapes for the commands in the \s-1PAGERS\s0 \f(CW\*(C`Cmnd_Alias\*(C'\fR
.\"O (\fI/usr/bin/more\fR, \fI/usr/bin/pg\fR and \fI/usr/bin/less\fR).
.\"O .PP
°Ê²¼¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë»þ¤ËËä¤á¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤¿¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥ÈÃͤΤ¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤Ë¤Ï \fIsyslog\fR\|(3) ·Ðͳ¤Ç¥í¥°¤òµ­Ï¿¤·¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥·¥ê¥Æ¥£¤Ë¤Ï
¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë \fIauth\fR ¤ò»ÈÍѤµ¤»¤¿¤¤¡£¥Õ¥ë¥¿¥¤¥à¤Î¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥Õ¤Ë¤Ï 
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤Î·±²ü¤ò½Ð¤µ¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¤¡£¥æ¡¼¥¶ \fBmillert\fR ¤Ï
¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆþÎϤ·¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤è¤¤¡£¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò root ¤È¤·¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¤Ï¡¢
´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô \f(CW\*(C`LOGNAME\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`USER\*(C'\fR,
\&\f(CW\*(C`USERNAME\*(C'\fR ¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤¿¤¯¤Ê¤¤¡£¤µ¤é¤Ë¡¢
\&\fI\s-1SERVERS\s0\fR ¤È¤¤¤¦ \f(CW\*(C`Host_Alias\*(C'\fR ¤Ë°¤¹¤ë
¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤Ê¥í¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÉûËܤȤ·¤Æºî¤ê¡¢¥í¥°¤Îµ­Æþ»ö¹à¤Ï
¿ôǯ¤ËÅϤäÆÊݸ¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢¥í¥°¤Î³Æ¹Ô¤Ë´Ö°ã¤¤¤Ê¤¯Ç¯ÅÙ¤¬Æþ¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¡£
ºÇ¸å¤Ë \s-1PAGERS\s0 ¤È¤¤¤¦ \f(CW\*(C`Cmnd_Alias\*(C'\fR ¤Ë°¤¹¤ë
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É (\fI/usr/bin/more\fR, \fI/usr/bin/pg\fR, \fI/usr/bin/less\fR) 
¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¥·¥§¥ë¡¦¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤ò̵¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë¡£
.PP
.Vb 7
.\"O \& # Override built\-in defaults
\& # built-in defaults ¤ÎÊѹ¹
\& Defaults               syslog=auth
\& Defaults>root          !set_logname
\& Defaults:FULLTIMERS    !lecture
\& Defaults:millert       !authenticate
\& Defaults@SERVERS       log_year, logfile=/var/log/sudo.log
\& Defaults!PAGERS        noexec
.Ve
.PP
.\"O The \fIUser specification\fR is the part that actually determines who may
.\"O run what.
.\"O .PP
¥æ¡¼¥¶ÀßÄ꤬¡¢Ã¯¤¬²¿¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤«¤ò¼ÂºÝ¤Ë·è¤á¤Æ¤¤¤ëÉôʬ¤À¡£
.PP
.Vb 2
\& root           ALL = (ALL) ALL
\& %wheel         ALL = (ALL) ALL
.Ve
.PP
.\"O We let \fBroot\fR and any user in group \fBwheel\fR run any command on any
.\"O host as any user.
.\"O .PP
\&\fBroot\fR ¤È \fBwheel\fR ¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¤É¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ç¤â
Ǥ°Õ¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤«¤Ê¤ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç¤â¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤òǧ¤á¤ë¡£
.PP
.Vb 1
\& FULLTIMERS     ALL = NOPASSWD: ALL
.Ve
.PP
.\"O Full time sysadmins (\fBmillert\fR, \fBmikef\fR, and \fBdowdy\fR) may run any
.\"O command on any host without authenticating themselves.
.\"O .PP
¥Õ¥ë¥¿¥¤¥à¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à´ÉÍý¼Ô (\fBmillert\fR, \fBmikef\fR, \fBdowdy\fR) 
¤Ï¡¢¤É¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ç¤âǤ°Õ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤òǧ¾Ú¤Ê¤·¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PARTTIMERS     ALL = ALL
.Ve
.PP
.\"O Part time sysadmins (\fBbostley\fR, \fBjwfox\fR, and \fBcrawl\fR) may run any
.\"O command on any host but they must authenticate themselves first
.\"O (since the entry lacks the \f(CW\*(C`NOPASSWD\*(C'\fR tag).
.\"O .PP
¥Ñ¡¼¥È¥¿¥¤¥à¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à´ÉÍý¼Ô ((\fBbostley\fR, \fBjwfox\fR,
\&\fBcrawl\fR) ¤Ï¡¢¤É¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ç¤âǤ°Õ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤¬¡¢
¤½¤ÎºÝ¤Ëǧ¾Ú¤ò¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤ (¤³¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ë¤Ï 
\&\f(CW\*(C`NOPASSWD\*(C'\fR ¥¿¥°¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç)¡£
.PP
.Vb 1
\& jack           CSNETS = ALL
.Ve
.PP
.\"O The user \fBjack\fR may run any command on the machines in the \fI\s-1CSNETS\s0\fR alias
.\"O (the networks \f(CW128.138.243.0\fR, \f(CW128.138.204.0\fR, and \f(CW128.138.242.0\fR).
.\"O Of those networks, only \f(CW128.138.204.0\fR has an explicit netmask (in
.\"O \&\s-1CIDR\s0 notation) indicating it is a class C network.  For the other
.\"O networks in \fI\s-1CSNETS\s0\fR, the local machine's netmask will be used
.\"O during matching.
.\"O .PP
¥æ¡¼¥¶ \fBjack\fR ¤Ï¡¢\fI\s-1CSNETS\s0\fR ¤È¤¤¤¦¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¤Ë°¤¹¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ç
Ǥ°Õ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë (¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤¬ \f(CW128.138.243.0\fR,
\&\f(CW128.138.204.0\fR, \f(CW128.138.242.0\fR ¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤À)¡£¤³¤ÎÆâ¡¢
\&\f(CW128.138.204.0\fR ¤Ë¤Î¤ß class C ¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¼¨¤¹
ÌÀ¼¨Åª¤Ê (\s-1CIDR\s0 ɽµ­¤Î) netmask ¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£\fI\s-1CSNETS\s0\fR ¤Î
¤Û¤«¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î netmask ¤¬¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¥ó¥°¤ÎºÝ¤Ë
»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
.PP
.Vb 1
\& lisa           CUNETS = ALL
.Ve
.PP
.\"O The user \fBlisa\fR may run any command on any host in the \fI\s-1CUNETS\s0\fR alias
.\"O (the class B network \f(CW128.138.0.0\fR).
.\"O .PP
¥æ¡¼¥¶ \fBlisa\fR ¤Ï¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¤¬ \fI\s-1CUNETS\s0\fR ¤Î¤¤¤«¤Ê¤ë¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ç¤â
Ǥ°Õ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë (¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢
\f(CW128.138.0.0\fR ¤È¤¤¤¦ class B ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤À)¡£
.PP
.Vb 2
\& operator       ALL = DUMPS, KILL, SHUTDOWN, HALT, REBOOT, PRINTING,\e
\&                sudoedit /etc/printcap, /usr/oper/bin/
.Ve
.PP
.\"O The \fBoperator\fR user may run commands limited to simple maintenance.
.\"O Here, those are commands related to backups, killing processes, the
.\"O printing system, shutting down the system, and any commands in the
.\"O directory \fI/usr/oper/bin/\fR.
.\"O .PP
¥æ¡¼¥¶ \fBoperator\fR ¤Ï¡¢ÍÑÅÓ¤¬´Êñ¤ÊÊݼé´ÉÍý¤Ë¸ÂÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò
¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¤½¤ì¤Ï¡¢¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤·¤¿¤ê¡¢¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤ò kill ¤·¤¿¤ê¡¢
°õºþ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤òÁàºî¤·¤¿¤ê¡¢¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò¥·¥ã¥Ã¥È¥À¥¦¥ó¤·¤¿¤ê¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë
´Ø·¸¤¹¤ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤È¡¢\fI/usr/oper/bin/\fR ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë¤¢¤ëǤ°Õ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É
¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.PP
.Vb 1
\& joe            ALL = /usr/bin/su operator
.Ve
.PP
.\"O The user \fBjoe\fR may only \fIsu\fR\|(1) to operator.
.\"O .PP
¥æ¡¼¥¶ \fBjoe\fR ¤Ï \fIsu\fR\|(1) ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ operator ¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤³¤È¤·¤«
¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¡£
.PP
.Vb 1
.\"O \& pete           HPPA = /usr/bin/passwd [A\-Za\-z]*, !/usr/bin/passwd root
.\"O \&
\& %opers         ALL = (: ADMINGRP) /usr/sbin/
.Ve
.PP
.\"O Users in the \fBopers\fR group may run commands in \fI/usr/sbin/\fR as themselves
.\"O with any group in the \fI\s-1ADMINGRP\s0\fR \f(CW\*(C`Runas_Alias\*(C'\fR (the \fBadm\fR and \fBoper\fR
.\"O groups).
.\"O .PP
\&\fBopers\fR ¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï¡¢\fI/usr/sbin/\fR ¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò
¼«Ê¬¼«¿È¤Î»ñ³Ê¤Ç¡¢
\&\f(CW\*(C`Runas_Alias\*(C'\fR \fI\s-1ADMINGRP\s0\fR ¤Ë°¤¹¤ë
Ǥ°Õ¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥× (¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢\fBadm\fR ¤« \fBoper\fR ¥°¥ë¡¼¥×) ¤È¤·¤Æ
¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£(ÌõÃí: ¼Â¤Î¤È¤³¤í¡¢sudo-1.7.2p1 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
\&\fI/etc/sudoers\fR ¤ÇÊѿȲÄǽ¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ë \f(CW\*(C`Runas_Alias\*(C'\fR ¤ò
¤Þ¤À»ØÄê¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤À¡£º£¤Î¤È¤³¤í¡¢¤³¤ÎÎã¤Ç¸À¤¦¤Ê¤é¡¢\fI\s-1ADMINGRP\s0\fR
¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢\fBadm\fR ¤ä \fBoper\fR ¤òľÀÜ»ØÄꤷ¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£)
.PP
.Vb 1
\& pete           HPPA = /usr/bin/passwd [A\-Za\-z]*, !/usr/bin/passwd root
.Ve
.PP
.\"O The user \fBpete\fR is allowed to change anyone's password except for
.\"O root on the \fI\s-1HPPA\s0\fR machines.  Note that this assumes \fIpasswd\fR\|(1)
.\"O does not take multiple usernames on the command line.
.\"O .PP
¥æ¡¼¥¶ \fBpete\fR ¤Ï \fI\s-1HPPA\s0\fR ¤Ë°¤¹¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ç root °Ê³°¤Ê¤é
ï¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ç¤âÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤òµö¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¾åµ­¤Î»ØÄê¤Ï¡¢
\&\fIpasswd\fR\|(1) ¤¬¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤ÇÊ£¿ô¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¤ò¼õ¤±ÉÕ¤±¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ò
Á°Äó¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ëÅÀ¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¡£
.PP
.Vb 1
\& bob            SPARC = (OP) ALL : SGI = (OP) ALL
.Ve
.PP
.\"O The user \fBbob\fR may run anything on the \fI\s-1SPARC\s0\fR and \fI\s-1SGI\s0\fR machines
.\"O as any user listed in the \fI\s-1OP\s0\fR \f(CW\*(C`Runas_Alias\*(C'\fR (\fBroot\fR and \fBoperator\fR).
.\"O .PP
¥æ¡¼¥¶ \fBbob\fR ¤Ï \fI\s-1SPARC\s0\fR ¤ä \fI\s-1SGI\s0\fR ¤Ë°¤¹¤ë
¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ç \f(CW\*(C`Runas_Alias\*(C'\fR \fI\s-1OP\s0\fR ¤ËÅÐÏ¿¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë
Ǥ°Õ¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤È¤·¤Æ (\fBroot\fR ¤È \fBoperator\fR ¤Ç¤¢¤ë) ¤É¤ó¤Ê¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç¤â
¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.PP
.Vb 1
\& jim            +biglab = ALL
.Ve
.PP
.\"O The user \fBjim\fR may run any command on machines in the \fIbiglab\fR netgroup.
.\"O \&\fBsudo\fR knows that \*(L"biglab\*(R" is a netgroup due to the '+' prefix.
.\"O .PP
¥æ¡¼¥¶ \fBjim\fR ¤Ï \fIbiglab\fR ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ë°¤¹¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ç
¤É¤ó¤Ê¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç¤â¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£\fBsudo\fR ¤Ï¡¢\*(L"biglab\*(R" ¤Ë '+' ¤Î
ÀÜƬ¼­¤¬ÉÕ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤½¤ì¤ò¥Í¥Ã¥È¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤À¤Èǧ¼±¤¹¤ë¡£
.PP
.Vb 1
\& +secretaries   ALL = PRINTING, /usr/bin/adduser, /usr/bin/rmuser
.Ve
.PP
.\"O Users in the \fBsecretaries\fR netgroup need to help manage the printers
.\"O as well as add and remove users, so they are allowed to run those
.\"O commands on all machines.
.\"O .PP
\&\fBsecretaries\fR ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ÎÄɲääºï½ü¤Ï
¤â¤Á¤í¤ó¡¢¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Î´ÉÍý¤Ë¤â¶¨ÎϤ¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¡£¤½¤³¤Ç¡¢¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ç
¤½¤Î¼ï¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Î¼Â¹Ô¤òǧ¤á¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
.PP
.Vb 1
\& fred           ALL = (DB) NOPASSWD: ALL
.Ve
.PP
.\"O The user \fBfred\fR can run commands as any user in the \fI\s-1DB\s0\fR \f(CW\*(C`Runas_Alias\*(C'\fR
.\"O (\fBoracle\fR or \fBsybase\fR) without giving a password.
.\"O .PP
¥æ¡¼¥¶ \fBfred\fR ¤Ï \f(CW\*(C`Runas_Alias\*(C'\fR \fI\s-1DB\s0\fR ¤Î
Ǥ°Õ¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤È¤·¤Æ (\fBoracle\fR ¤« \fBsybase\fR ¤À) ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò
ÆþÎϤ·¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤â¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.PP
.Vb 1
\& john           ALPHA = /usr/bin/su [!\-]*, !/usr/bin/su *root*
.Ve
.PP
.\"O On the \fI\s-1ALPHA\s0\fR machines, user \fBjohn\fR may su to anyone except root
.\"O but he is not allowed to specify any options to the \fIsu\fR\|(1) command.
.\"O .PP
¥æ¡¼¥¶ \fBjohn\fR ¤Ï \fI\s-1ALPHA\s0\fR ¤Ë°¤¹¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ç \fIsu\fR\|(1) ¤ò
»È¤Ã¤Æ root °Ê³°¤Îï¤Ë¤Ç¤â¤Ê¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤¬¡¢su ¤Ë¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò
»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ïµö¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
.PP
.Vb 1
\& jen            ALL, !SERVERS = ALL
.Ve
.PP
.\"O The user \fBjen\fR may run any command on any machine except for those
.\"O in the \fI\s-1SERVERS\s0\fR \f(CW\*(C`Host_Alias\*(C'\fR (master, mail, www and ns).
.\"O .PP
¥æ¡¼¥¶ \fBjen\fR ¤Ï \f(CW\*(C`Host_Alias\*(C'\fR \fI\s-1SERVERS\s0\fR ¤Ë
°¤¹¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó (master, mail, www, ns) ¤ò½ü¤¯¤¤¤«¤Ê¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ç¤â
Ǥ°Õ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
.PP
.Vb 1
\& jill           SERVERS = /usr/bin/, !SU, !SHELLS
.Ve
.PP
.\"O For any machine in the \fI\s-1SERVERS\s0\fR \f(CW\*(C`Host_Alias\*(C'\fR, \fBjill\fR may run
.\"O any commands in the directory \fI/usr/bin/\fR except for those commands
.\"O belonging to the \fI\s-1SU\s0\fR and \fI\s-1SHELLS\s0\fR \f(CW\*(C`Cmnd_Aliases\*(C'\fR.
.\"O .PP
\&\fBjill\fR ¤Ï \f(CW\*(C`Host_Alias\*(C'\fR \fI\s-1SERVERS\s0\fR ¤Î
¤¤¤«¤Ê¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ç¤â \fI/usr/bin/\fR ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë¤¢¤ëǤ°Õ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò
¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤¬¡¢\fI\s-1SU\s0\fR ¤ä \fI\s-1SHELLS\s0\fR ¤È¤¤¤¦
\&\f(CW\*(C`Cmnd_Aliases\*(C'\fR ¤Ë°¤¹¤ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¡£
.PP
.Vb 1
\& steve          CSNETS = (operator) /usr/local/op_commands/
.Ve
.PP
.\"O The user \fBsteve\fR may run any command in the directory /usr/local/op_commands/
.\"O but only as user operator.
.\"O .PP
¥æ¡¼¥¶ \fBsteve\fR ¤Ï¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê \fI/usr/local/op_commands/\fR ¤Ë¤¢¤ë
Ǥ°Õ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤¬¡¢operator ¤È¤¤¤¦¥æ¡¼¥¶¤È¤·¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤À¤±¤À¡£
.PP
.Vb 1
\& matt           valkyrie = KILL
.Ve
.PP
.\"O On his personal workstation, valkyrie, \fBmatt\fR needs to be able to
.\"O kill hung processes.
.\"O .PP
\&\fBmatt\fR ¤â¼«Ê¬ÍѤΥ¥¯¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó valkyrie ¤Ç
¥Ï¥ó¥°¤·¤¿¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î kill ¤°¤é¤¤¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¡£
.PP
.Vb 1
\& WEBMASTERS     www = (www) ALL, (root) /usr/bin/su www
.Ve
.PP
.\"O On the host www, any user in the \fI\s-1WEBMASTERS\s0\fR \f(CW\*(C`User_Alias\*(C'\fR (will,
.\"O wendy, and wim), may run any command as user www (which owns the
.\"O web pages) or simply \fIsu\fR\|(1) to www.
.\"O .PP
¥Û¥¹¥È www ¤Ç \f(CW\*(C`User_Alias\*(C'\fR \fI\s-1WEBMASTERS\s0\fR ¤Ë
°¤¹¤ë¤¤¤«¤Ê¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤â (will, wendy, wim ¤À)¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶ www (web ¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Î
½êÍ­¼Ô) ¤È¤·¤ÆǤ°Õ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
ñ¤Ë \fIsu\fR\|(1) ¤Ç www ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤¡£
.PP
.Vb 2
\& ALL            CDROM = NOPASSWD: /sbin/umount /CDROM,\e
\&                /sbin/mount \-o nosuid\e,nodev /dev/cd0a /CDROM
.Ve
.PP
.\"O Any user may mount or unmount a CD-ROM on the machines in the \s-1CDROM\s0
.\"O \&\f(CW\*(C`Host_Alias\*(C'\fR (orion, perseus, hercules) without entering a password.
.\"O This is a bit tedious for users to type, so it is a prime candidate
.\"O for encapsulating in a shell script.
¤¤¤«¤Ê¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤â \f(CW\*(C`Host_Alias\*(C'\fR ¤¬ \s-1CDROM\s0 ¤Î
¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ç (orion, perseus, hercules)¡¢¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆþÎϤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ê¤¯ 
CD-ROM ¤ò¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¡¢¥¢¥ó¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£¾åµ­¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤òÂǤÁ¹þ¤à¤Î¤Ï
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¤È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤µ¤µ¤«ÌÌÅݤʤΤǡ¢¥·¥§¥ë¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤È¤·¤Æ
¥«¥×¥»¥ë²½¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤Î¤¬¤è¤¤¤À¤í¤¦¡£
.IP "[\fBÌõÃí\fR]:" 8
.IX Item "footnote2"
ÅöÁ³¤È¸À¤¨¤ÐÅöÁ³¤À¤¬¡¢sudo ¤Ï¼«¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î /etc/sudoers ¤·¤«Æɤޤʤ¤¡£
¤½¤³¤Ç¡¢¤³¤¦¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£AAA ¤È¤¤¤¦¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë aaa ¤È¤¤¤¦¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬
¤¤¤ë¤È¤·¤è¤¦¡£¥Û¥¹¥È AAA ¤Î /etc/sudoers ¤Ë¡Ö¥Û¥¹¥È BBB ¤Ç¥æ¡¼¥¶ aaa ¤Ï
sudo ¤ò²ð¤·¤Æ /bin/ls ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¡×¤È¤¤¤¦µ­½Ò¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤È¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢
¥æ¡¼¥¶ aaa ¤¬¥Û¥¹¥È AAA ¤«¤é telnet ¤ä ssh ¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¤È¤­¡¢¥Û¥¹¥È BBB ¾å¤Ç
sudo ·Ðͳ¤Ç ls ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£¤½¤ì¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
¥Û¥¹¥È BBB ¤Î /etc/sudoers ¤Ë¡ÖBBB ¤Ç¥æ¡¼¥¶ aaa ¤Ï sudo ¤ò²ð¤·¤Æ /bin/ls ¤ò
¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¡×¤È¤¤¤¦µ­½Ò¤¬¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤À¡£¥Û¥¹¥È BBB ¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë
sudo ¤Ï BBB ¤Î sudo ¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢BBB ¤Î sudo ¤Ï BBB ¤Î /etc/sudoers ¤·¤«
Æɤޤʤ¤¤Î¤À¤«¤é¡£
.Sp
¤½¤ì¤Ç¤Ï¡¢²¿¸Î¡¢¾åµ­¤Î¡ÖÍÑÎã¡×¤Ç¼«¥Û¥¹¥È°Ê³°¤ÎÀßÄ꤬¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤Æ
¤¤¤ë¤Î¤«¡© ¤½¤â¤½¤â¡¢sudoers ¤Î½ñ¼°¤Ç¼«¥Û¥¹¥È°Ê³°¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤ò
»ØÄê¤Ç¤­¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢²¿¸Î¤Ê¤Î¤«¡© ¤½¤ì¤Ï¡¢´ÉÍý¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥µ¥¤¥È¤Î
¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤ÎÀßÄê¤òµ­¤·¤¿ sudoers ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò°ì¤Äºî¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤½¤ì¤ò
¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë¥³¥Ô¡¼¤·¤Æ»È¤¦¡¢¤½¤¦¤¤¤Ã¤¿»È¤¤Êý¤òÁÛÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤é¤À¡£
¤â¤·¡¢¥µ¥¤¥ÈÃæ¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤ÎÀßÄê¤ò°ì¥ö½ê¤Ë¤Þ¤È¤á¤ÆÃÖ¤­¡¢
¤½¤ì¤ò¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë¶¦Í­¤µ¤»¤¿¤¤¤Î¤Ê¤é (¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢sudo ¤ÎÀßÄê¤Î
½¸Ãæ´ÉÍý¤¬¤·¤¿¤¤¤Î¤Ê¤é)¡¢LDAP ¤ÎºÎÍѤò¹Í¤¨¤ë¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH "SECURITY NOTES"
.SH "¥»¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëÃí°ÕÅÀ"
.IX Header "SECURITY NOTES"
.\"O It is generally not effective to \*(L"subtract\*(R" commands from \f(CW\*(C`ALL\*(C'\fR
.\"O using the '!' operator.  A user can trivially circumvent this
.\"O by copying the desired command to a different name and then
.\"O executing that.  For example:
.\"O .PP
°ìÈÌŪ¤Ë¸À¤Ã¤Æ¡¢±é»»»Ò '!' ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ \f(CW\*(C`ALL\*(C'\fR ¤«¤é
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Î¡Ö°ú¤­»»¡×¤ò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢¤¢¤Þ¤ê¸ú²Ì¤¬¤Ê¤¤¡£¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï¼Â¹Ô¤·¤¿¤¤
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò̾Á°¤òÊѤ¨¤Æ¥³¥Ô¡¼¤·¡¢¤½¤ì¤«¤é¤½¤ì¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿
¤Á¤ç¤Ã¤È¤·¤¿¼êÃʤǡ¢Î¢¤ò¤«¤¯¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤«¤é¤À¡£¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢
.PP
.Vb 1
\&    bill        ALL = ALL, !SU, !SHELLS
.Ve
.PP
.\"O Doesn't really prevent \fBbill\fR from running the commands listed in
.\"O \&\fI\s-1SU\s0\fR or \fI\s-1SHELLS\s0\fR since he can simply copy those commands to a
.\"O different name, or use a shell escape from an editor or other
.\"O program.  Therefore, these kind of restrictions should be considered
.\"O advisory at best (and reinforced by policy).
¤È¤¤¤¦¹Ô¤Ï¡¢\fI\s-1SU\s0\fR ¤ä \fI\s-1SHELLS\s0\fR ¤ËÎóµ­¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Î \fBbill\fR ¤Ë¤è¤ë¼Â¹Ô¤òËÜÅö¤ËÁ˻ߤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤Ê¤¼¤Ê¤é¡¢\fBbill\fR ¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¤½¤¦¤·¤¿¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤òñ¤Ë̾Á°¤òÊѤ¨¤Æ
¥³¥Ô¡¼¤¹¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤¤·¡¢¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤ä¤Û¤«¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤«¤é¥·¥§¥ë¡¦¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤ò
ÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤ë¤«¤é¤À¡£¤À¤«¤é¡¢¤³¤Î¼ï¤ÎÀ©¸Â¤Ï¤ä¤Ã¤¿Êý¤¬¤Þ¤·ÄøÅÙ¤Ë
¹Í¤¨¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤Ù¤­¤À (¤½¤·¤Æ¡¢¤·¤Ã¤«¤ê¤·¤¿±¿ÍÑÊý¿Ë¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÀ©¸Â¤Î¼Â¸úÎϤò
¾å¤²¤ë¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¢¤ë)¡£
.\"O .SH "PREVENTING SHELL ESCAPES"
.SH "¥·¥§¥ë¡¦¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤òËɻߤ¹¤ë"
.IX Header "PREVENTING SHELL ESCAPES"
.\"O Once \fBsudo\fR executes a program, that program is free to do whatever
.\"O it pleases, including run other programs.  This can be a security
.\"O issue since it is not uncommon for a program to allow shell escapes,
.\"O which lets a user bypass \fBsudo\fR's access control and logging.
.\"O Common programs that permit shell escapes include shells (obviously),
.\"O editors, paginators, mail and terminal programs.
.\"O .PP
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤¬¤¢¤ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤È¡¢¤½¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ï¡¢
¤Û¤«¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Î¼Â¹Ô¤â´Þ¤á¤Æ¡¢²¿¤Ç¤â¼«Í³¤Ë¹¥¤­¤Ê¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¤³¤È¤¬¥»¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¾å¤ÎÌäÂê¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤«¤Í¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ï¡¢¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬
¥·¥§¥ë¡¦¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤òµö¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤ÏÄÁ¤·¤¤¤³¤È¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ \fBsudo\fR ¤Î¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹À©¸æ¤ä¥í¥®¥ó¥°¤ò¤¹¤êÈ´¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤¬
²Äǽ¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤«¤é¤À¡£¤è¤¯»È¤¦¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ç¥·¥§¥ë¡¦¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤ò
µö¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¤â¤Î¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
(ÅöÁ³¤Ê¤¬¤é) ¥·¥§¥ë¡¢¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¡¢¥Ú¡¼¥¸¥ã¡¢¥á¡¼¥é¡¢¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Ê¥ë¡£
.PP
.\"O There are two basic approaches to this problem:
¤³¤ÎÌäÂê¤ËÂн褹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢´ðËÜŪ¤ËÆó¤Ä¤ÎÊýË¡¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
.\"O .IP "restrict" 10
.IP "À©¸Â" 10
.IX Item "restrict"
.\"O Avoid giving users access to commands that allow the user to run
.\"O arbitrary commands.  Many editors have a restricted mode where shell
.\"O escapes are disabled, though \fBsudoedit\fR is a better solution to
.\"O running editors via \fBsudo\fR.  Due to the large number of programs that
.\"O offer shell escapes, restricting users to the set of programs that
.\"O do not if often unworkable.
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ËǤ°Õ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Î¼Â¹Ô¤òµö¤¹¤è¤¦¤Ê¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬
¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¡£¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢À©¸Â¥â¡¼¥É¤È¾Î¤·¤Æ¡¢
¥·¥§¥ë¡¦¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤¬»È¤¨¤Ê¤¤¥â¡¼¥É¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î¤â¿¤¤¡£
¤â¤Ã¤È¤â¡¢\fBsudo\fR ·Ðͳ¤Ç¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤ò»È¤¦¤Î¤Ê¤é¡¢
\&\fBsudoedit\fR ¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ëÊý¤¬¤è¤ê¤¹¤°¤ì¤¿Âкö¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¥·¥§¥ë¡¦¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤òÄ󶡤¹¤ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ï¤¿¤¯¤µ¤ó¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢
¤½¤ì¤òÄ󶡤·¤Ê¤¤¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Î¤ß¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤òÀ©¸Â¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢
¤¿¤¤¤Æ¤¤¼Â¸½ÉÔ²Äǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.IP "noexec" 10
.IX Item "noexec"
.\"O Many systems that support shared libraries have the ability to
.\"O override default library functions by pointing an environment
.\"O variable (usually \f(CW\*(C`LD_PRELOAD\*(C'\fR) to an alternate shared library.
.\"O On such systems, \fBsudo\fR's \fInoexec\fR functionality can be used to
.\"O prevent a program run by \fBsudo\fR from executing any other programs.
.\"O Note, however, that this applies only to native dynamically-linked
.\"O executables.  Statically-linked executables and foreign executables
.\"O running under binary emulation are not affected.
¶¦Í­¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¿¤¯¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤Ï¡¢´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô (¤¿¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Ï 
\&\f(CW\*(C`LD_PRELOAD\*(C'\fR) ¤ÇÊ̤ζ¦Í­¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê´Ø¿ô¤òÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤ëǽÎϤ¬¤¢¤ë¡£
¤½¤¦¤¤¤Ã¤¿¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï¡¢\fBsudo\fR ¤Î \fInoexec\fR µ¡Ç½¤ò»È¤¨¤Ð¡¢
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤«¤é¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬¡¢²¿¤«¤Û¤«¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤Î¤ò
Ëɤ°¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£¤È¤Ï¸À¤¨¡¢¤³¤ì¤¬Åö¤Æ¤Ï¤Þ¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢Æ°Åª¤Ë¥ê¥ó¥¯¤µ¤ì¤¿
¥Í¥¤¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤Ê¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤À¤±¤À¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ëµ¤¤òÉÕ¤±¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¡£
ÀÅŪ¤Ë¥ê¥ó¥¯¤µ¤ì¤¿¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ä¡¢¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê¡¦¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¤â¤È¤Ç
Æ°¤¯¤Û¤«¤Î OS ¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ë¤Ï¸ú²Ì¤¬¤Ê¤¤¡£
.Sp
.\"O To tell whether or not \fBsudo\fR supports \fInoexec\fR, you can run
.\"O the following as root:
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤¬ \fInoexec\fR ¤ËÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤òÃΤꤿ¤«¤Ã¤¿¤é¡¢
root ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤ß¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤¡£
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&    sudo \-V | grep "dummy exec"
.Ve
.Sp
.\"O If the resulting output contains a line that begins with:
¤½¤Î½ÐÎϤˤ³¤ó¤Ê¤Õ¤¦¤Ë»Ï¤Þ¤ë¹Ô¤¬¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&    File containing dummy exec functions:
.Ve
.Sp
.\"O then \fBsudo\fR may be able to replace the exec family of functions
.\"O in the standard library with its own that simply return an error.
.\"O Unfortunately, there is no foolproof way to know whether or not
.\"O \&\fInoexec\fR will work at compile-time.  \fInoexec\fR should work on
.\"O SunOS, Solaris, *BSD, Linux, \s-1IRIX\s0, Tru64 \s-1UNIX\s0, MacOS X, and HP-UX
.\"O 11.x.  It is known \fBnot\fR to work on \s-1AIX\s0 and UnixWare.  \fInoexec\fR
.\"O is expected to work on most operating systems that support the
.\"O \&\f(CW\*(C`LD_PRELOAD\*(C'\fR environment variable.  Check your operating system's
.\"O manual pages for the dynamic linker (usually ld.so, ld.so.1, dyld,
.\"O dld.sl, rld, or loader) to see if \f(CW\*(C`LD_PRELOAD\*(C'\fR is supported.
¤½¤Î¤È¤­¤Ï¡¢¤¿¤Ö¤ó \fBsudo\fR ¤¬É¸½à¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Ë¤¢¤ë exec ¥Õ¥¡¥ß¥ê¡¼¤Î´Ø¿ô¤ò¡¢
ñ¤Ë¥¨¥é¡¼¤òÊÖ¤¹¤À¤±¤Î¼«Ê¬¼«¿È¤Î´Ø¿ô¤ÇÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤é¤ì¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤À¡£
»ÄÇ°¤Ê¤¬¤é¡¢\fInoexec\fR ¤¬Í­¸ú¤«¤É¤¦¤«¡¢¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë»þ¤Ë³Î¤«¤á¤ë
ÀäÂгμ¤ÊÊýË¡¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£\fInoexec\fR ¤Ï SunOS, Solaris, *BSD, Linux,
\&\s-1IRIX\s0, Tru64 \s-1UNIX\s0, MacOS X, HP-UX 11.x ¤Ç»È¤¨¤ë¤Ï¤º¤À¡£
\&\s-1AIX\s0 ¤È UnixWare ¤Ç¤Ï»È¤¨¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤¬¤ï¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô 
\&\f(CW\*(C`LD_PRELOAD\*(C'\fR ¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¿¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Î OS ¤Ê¤é¡¢
\&\fInoexec\fR ¤¬»È¤¨¤ë¤È»×¤¦¡£»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î
¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤òÄ´¤Ù¤Æ¡¢¥À¥¤¥Ê¥ß¥Ã¥¯¡¦¥ê¥ó¥«¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ (ÄÌÎã ld.so,
ld.so.1, dyld, dld.sl, rld, loader ¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿Ì¾Á°¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë) 
\&\f(CW\*(C`LD_PRELOAD\*(C'\fR ¤¬¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¡£
.Sp
.\"O To enable \fInoexec\fR for a command, use the \f(CW\*(C`NOEXEC\*(C'\fR tag as documented
.\"O in the User Specification section above.  Here is that example again:
¤¢¤ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ËÂФ·¤Æ \fInoexec\fR ¤òÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
¾åµ­¡Ö¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ÎÀßÄê¡×¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç½Ò¤Ù¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢\f(CW\*(C`NOEXEC\*(C'\fR ¥¿¥°¤ò
»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¡£¤½¤Î¤È¤­¤ÎÎã¤òºÆ·Ç¤·¤è¤¦¡£
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& aaron  shanty = NOEXEC: /usr/bin/more, /usr/bin/vi
.Ve
.Sp
.\"O This allows user \fBaaron\fR to run \fI/usr/bin/more\fR and \fI/usr/bin/vi\fR
.\"O with \fInoexec\fR enabled.  This will prevent those two commands from
.\"O executing other commands (such as a shell).  If you are unsure
.\"O whether or not your system is capable of supporting \fInoexec\fR you
.\"O can always just try it out and see if it works.
.\"O .PP
¤³¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶ \fBaaron\fR ÂФ·¤Æ¡¢\fInoexec\fR ¤òÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤·¤¿¾å¤Ç¡¢
\&\fI/usr/bin/more\fR ¤È \fI/usr/bin/vi\fR ¤Î¼Â¹Ô¤òµö²Ä¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ì¤Ð¡¢¤³¤ÎÆó¤Ä¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤«¤é (¥·¥§¥ë¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê) ¤Û¤«¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò
¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ë¤ï¤±¤À¡£»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬ \fInoexec\fR ¤Ë
Âбþ¤¹¤ëǽÎϤ¬¤¢¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«¡¢¤è¤¯¤ï¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢¼è¤ê¤¢¤¨¤º 
\&\fInoexec\fR ¤ò»î¤·¤Æ¡¢¸ú²Ì¤¬¤¢¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«³Î¤«¤á¤Æ¤ß¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤¡£¤½¤ì¤Ê¤é
¤¤¤Ä¤À¤Ã¤Æ¤Ç¤­¤ë¤Ï¤º¤À¡£
.PP
.\"O Note that restricting shell escapes is not a panacea.  Programs
.\"O running as root are still capable of many potentially hazardous
.\"O operations (such as changing or overwriting files) that could lead
.\"O to unintended privilege escalation.  In the specific case of an
.\"O editor, a safer approach is to give the user permission to run
.\"O \&\fBsudoedit\fR.
Ãí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¤¬¡¢¥·¥§¥ë¡¦¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤Î¶Ø»ß¤ÏËüǽÌô¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£¥ë¡¼¥È¤Î¸¢¸Â¤Ç
Æ°¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¤Û¤«¤Ë¤â¡¢´í¸±À­¤Î¤¢¤ë¤µ¤Þ¤¶¤Þ¤Êºî¶È (¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î
Ãæ¿È¤òÆþ¤ìÂؤ¨¤ë¤È¤«¡¢¾å½ñ¤­¤¹¤ë¤È¤«) ¤¬²Äǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢»×¤¤¤¬¤±¤º¤Ë
¸¢¸Â¤ò³ÈÂ礷¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤³¤È¤â¤¢¤ê¤¨¤ë¤Î¤À¡£Æä˥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¸À¤¦¤È¡¢
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¤Ï \fBsudoedit\fR ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ëµö²Ä¤òÍ¿¤¨¤ë¤Î¤¬¡¢¤è¤ê°ÂÁ´¤ÊÊýË¡¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH "´ØÏ¢¹àÌÜ"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fIrsh\fR\|(1), \fIsu\fR\|(1), \fIfnmatch\fR\|(3), \fIglob\fR\|(3), \fIsudo\fR\|(8), \fIvisudo\fR\|(8)
.\"O .SH "CAVEATS"
.SH "·Ù¹ð"
.IX Header "CAVEATS"
.\"O The \fIsudoers\fR file should \fBalways\fR be edited by the \fBvisudo\fR
.\"O command which locks the file and does grammatical checking. It is
.\"O imperative that \fIsudoers\fR be free of syntax errors since \fBsudo\fR
.\"O will not run with a syntactically incorrect \fIsudoers\fR file.
.\"O .PP
\&\fIsudoers\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÊÔ½¸¤Ë¤Ï¡¢\fBɬ¤º\fR \fBvisudo\fR ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò
»È¤¦¤Ù¤­¤À¡£¤½¤¦¤¹¤ì¤Ð¡¢\fBvisudo\fR ¤¬¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¥í¥Ã¥¯¤·¡¢Ê¸Ë¡¤Î¥Á¥§¥Ã
¥¯¤ò¤ä¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤ë¡£\fIsudoers\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËʸˡŪ¤Ê´Ö°ã¤¤¤¬¤¢¤ë¤È¡¢
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤¬Æ°¤«¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢\fIsudoers\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤Ïʸˡ¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬Àä
ÂФˤ¢¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤À¡£
.PP
.\"O When using netgroups of machines (as opposed to users), if you
.\"O store fully qualified hostnames in the netgroup (as is usually the
.\"O case), you either need to have the machine's hostname be fully qualified
.\"O as returned by the \f(CW\*(C`hostname\*(C'\fR command or use the \fIfqdn\fR option in
.\"O \&\fIsudoers\fR.
¥Í¥Ã¥È¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ò (¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯) ¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ»ÈÍѤ·¡¢
\&\fInetgroup\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë´°Á´½¤¾þ¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤òµ­ºÜ¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï (¤¿¤¤¤Æ¤¤
¤½¤¦¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤À¤¬)¡¢¤½¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤ò \f(CW\*(C`hostname\*(C'\fR 
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤¬½ÐÎϤ¹¤ëÄ̤ê¤Î´°Á´½¤¾þ̾¤Ç½ñ¤¯¤«¡¢¤µ¤â¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð 
\&\fIsudoers\fR ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç \fIfqdn\fR ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»È¤¦¤«¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é
¤Ê¤¤¡£
.\"O .SH "BUGS"
.SH "¥Ð¥°"
.IX Header "BUGS"
.\"O If you feel you have found a bug in \fBsudo\fR, please submit a bug report
.\"O at http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/bugs/
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤Ë¥Ð¥°¤òȯ¸«¤·¤¿¤È»×¤Ã¤¿¤é¡¢²¼µ­¤Î¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤·¤Æ¡¢
¥Ð¥°¥ì¥Ý¡¼¥È¤òÄó½Ð¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤À¤­¤¿¤¤¡£
.br
http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/bugs/
.\"O .SH "SUPPORT"
.SH "¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È"
.IX Header "SUPPORT"
.\"O Limited free support is available via the sudo-users mailing list,
.\"O see http://www.sudo.ws/mailman/listinfo/sudo\-users to subscribe or
.\"O search the archives.
¤¢¤ëÄøÅÙ¤Î̵ÎÁ¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¬ sudo-users ¥á¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥ê¥¹¥È¤òÄ̤·¤ÆÍøÍѤǤ­¤ë¡£
¹ØÆɤ䥢¡¼¥«¥¤¥Ö¤Î¸¡º÷¤Ë¤Ï²¼µ­ URL ¤ò¸æÍ÷¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤³¤È¡£
.br
http://www.sudo.ws/mailman/listinfo/sudo\-users
.\"O .SH "DISCLAIMER"
.SH "ÌÈÀÕ"
.IX Header "DISCLAIMER"
.\"O \&\fBsudo\fR is provided ``\s-1AS\s0 \s-1IS\s0'' and any express or implied warranties,
.\"O including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability
.\"O and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed.  See the \s-1LICENSE\s0
.\"O file distributed with \fBsudo\fR or http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/license.html
.\"O for complete details.
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤Ï¡Ö¸½¾õ¤Î¤Þ¤Þ¡×Ä󶡤µ¤ì¤ë¡£ÌÀ¼¨Åª¤Ê¡¢¤¢¤ë¤¤¤ÏÌÛ¼¨Åª¤Ê
¤¤¤«¤Ê¤ëÊݾڤ⡢¾¦ÉÊÀ­¤äÆÃÄêÌÜŪ¤Ø¤ÎŬ¹çÀ­¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÎÌÛ¼¨Åª¤ÊÊݾڤò´Þ¤á¡¢
¤Þ¤¿¤½¤ì¤Î¤ß¤Ë»ß¤Þ¤é¤º¡¢¤³¤ì¤òÈÝǧ¤¹¤ë¡£¾ÜºÙ¤ÊÁ´Ê¸¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢
\&\fBsudo\fR ¤È°ì½ï¤ËÇÛÉÛ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë \s-1LICENSE\s0 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ä
²¼µ­ Web ¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ò¸æÍ÷¤¤¤¿¤À¤­¤¿¤¤¡£
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http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/license.html