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[linuxjm/jm.git] / manual / util-linux / draft / man1 / passwd.1

.\" Copyright 1992 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License
.\"
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 2001 Maki KURODA
.\"  all rights reserved.
.\" Translated Fri Feb 23 14:29:12 JST 2001
.\"  by Maki KURODA <mkuroda@mail.tsagrp.co.jp>
.\"
.\"
.TH PASSWD 1 "11 November 1996" "Util-linux 2.6" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.\"O .SH NAME
.SH ̾Á°
.\"O passwd \- change password
passwd \- ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë
.\"O .SH SYNOPSIS
.\"O .BR "passwd"
.\"O .RB [ " \-o " ]
.\"O .RB [ " \-q " ]
.\"O .RB [ " \-v " ]
.\"O .RI [ " name " [ " password " ]]
.\"O .br
.\"O .BR "passwd \-f "
.\"O .RI [ " arguments to chfn " ]
.\"O .br
.\"O .BR "passwd \-s "
.\"O .RI [ " arguments to chsh " ]
.\"O 
.SH ½ñ¼°
.BR "passwd"
.RB [ " \-o " ]
.RB [ " \-q " ]
.RB [ " \-v " ]
.RI [ " name " [ " password " ]]
.br
.BR "passwd \-f "
.RI [ " arguments to chfn " ]
.br
.BR "passwd \-s "
.RI [ " arguments to chsh " ]

.\"O .SH DESCRIPTION
.\"O Without arguments
.\"O .B passwd
.\"O will change the password for the current user. First the user is asked for
.\"O the old password, then prompted twice for the new password in order to
.\"O catch typing errors.
.SH ÀâÌÀ
°ú¿ô¤Ê¤·¤Î
.B passwd
¸½ºß¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¡£
ºÇ½é¤Ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï¸Å¤¤¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò¿Ò¤Í¤é¤ì¤ë¡¢¤½¤Î¸å
¿·¤·¤¤¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆó²ó¿Ò¤Í¤é¤ì¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤ÏÆþÎϤÎ
´Ö°ã¤¤¤ò¸«¤Ä¤±¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.\"O 
.\"O The one and two argument forms may only be used by the superuser. Using the
.\"O one argument form, the superuser may change the password for that
.\"O .IR user .
°ì¤Ä¤Þ¤¿¤ÏÆó¤Ä¤Î°ú¿ô·Á¼°¤Ï¥¹¡¼¥Ñ¡¼¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¤À¤±»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬½ÐÍè¤ë¡£
°ì¤Ä¤Î·Á¼°¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢¥¹¡¼¥Ñ¡¼¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï
.IR ¥æ¡¼¥¶
¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬½ÐÍè¤ë¡£
.\"O The superuser is not asked for the users old password, but the rules 
.\"O for proper passwords are also applied unless the
.\"O .B "\-o"
.\"O option is used. The superuser may have legitimate
.\"O reasons to choose a non-conformant password.
.\"O 
¥¹¡¼¥Ñ¡¼¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¸Å¤¤¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò¿Ò¤Í¤é¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡¤¤·¤«¤·
ŬÀڤʥѥ¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ËÂФ¹¤ëµ¬Â§¤Ï
.B "\-o"
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¸Â¤êŬÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¤À¤í¤¦¡£
¥¹¡¼¥Ñ¡¼¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Îµ¬Â§¤Ë½¾¤ï¤Ê¤¤¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÁªÂò¤¹¤ë
¤¿¤á¤ÎÀµÅö¤ÊÍýͳ¤¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤â¤¢¤í¤¦¡£
.\"O The two argument form gives the 
.\"O .IR user " the " password
.\"O stated as the second argument. Note that this password will
.\"O be visible to people doing `ps' or so.  Avoid this form.
.\"O 
Æó¤Ä¤Î°ú¿ô¤ò»ý¤Ä·Á¼°¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ÆóÈÖÌܤΰú¿ô¤Çµ­½Ò¤µ¤ì¤¿
.I ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É
¤ò
.I ¥æ¡¼¥¶
¤ËÍ¿¤¨¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ï`ps'¤½¤Î¾¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¿Íã¤Ë¸«¤¨¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë
Ãí°Õ¤»¤è¡£¤³¤Î·Á¼°¤Ï»È¤¦¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£
.\"O Giving an empty string as the second argument erases the password for the
.\"O user, but only in combination with the
.\"O .B "\-o"
.\"O option.
.\"O 
Æó¤Ä¤Î°ú¿ô¤È¤·¤Æ¶õʸ»ú¤òÍ¿¤¨¤ë¤È¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò
¾Ãµî¤¹¤ë¤¬
.B "\-o"
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÈÁȤ߹ç¤ï¤»¤¿¾ì¹ç¤À¤±¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

.\"O Password changes may get logged using the 
.\"O .BR syslog (3)
.\"O facility, depending on compile-time defines (on by default).
.\"O If so, every change will
.\"O be logged at a low level as auth.notice, except for changing the root
.\"O password with will be logged with auth.warning.
.\"O 
¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ÎÊѹ¹¤Ï
.BR syslog (3)
¥Õ¥¡¥·¥ê¥Æ¥£
¤òÍøÍѤ·¤Æµ­Ï¿¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ï¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë»þ¤ÎÄêµÁ¤Ë°Í¸¤¹¤ë¡Ê¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤ÏÍ­¸ú¡Ë¡£
¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢¥ë¡¼¥È¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò½ü¤¯Á´¤Æ¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ÎÊѹ¹¤Ï
auth.notice¤È¤¤¤¦Äã¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Çµ­Ï¿¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£¥ë¡¼¥È¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É
¤ÎÊѹ¹¤Ïauth.warning¤Î¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Çµ­Ï¿¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
.\"O .SH OPTIONS
.SH ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó
.\"O .TP
.\"O .B "\-f, \-\-fullname"
.\"O Change the user's full name (the GECOS field of the passwd entry).
.\"O Invokes /usr/bin/chfn with the non-option command line arguments.
.TP
.B "\-f, \-\-fullname"
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥Õ¥ë¥Í¡¼¥à¡Êpasswd¤ÎGECOS¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤ËÅÐÏ¿¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡Ë¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¡£
/usr/bin/chfn¤ò¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¹Ô°ú¿ô¤È¤È¤â¤Ë¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤¹¡£
.\"O .TP
.\"O .B "\-o, \-\-force"
.\"O Turn off simplicity checks on the new password. This option may only
.\"O be used by the super user. This is intend to allow simple initial
.\"O passwords given by the superuser.
.TP
.B "\-o, \-\-force"
¿·¤·¤¤¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤Îñ½ãÀ­¤Î¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤ò¹Ô¤ï¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¥¹¡¼¥Ñ¡¼¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¤ß»ÈÍѤǤ­¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ï¥¹¡¼¥Ñ¡¼¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ËÍ¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤¿½é´ü¾õÂ֤Ǥâ
ñ½ã¤Ê¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤òÌÜŪ¤È¤·¤¿
¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.\"O .TP
.\"O .B "\-s, \-\-shell"
.\"O Change the user's shell by invoking /usr/bin/chsh with the non-option
.\"O command line arguments.
.TP
.B "\-s, \-\-shell"
/usr/bin/chsh¤ò¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¹Ô°ú¿ô¤È¤È¤â¤Ë
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥·¥§¥ë¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¡£
.\"O .TP
.\"O .B "\-q, \-\-quiet, \-\-silent"
.\"O In this mode passwd won't tell that the passwd get's changed.
.TP
.B "\-q, \-\-quiet, \-\-silent"
¤³¤Î¥â¡¼¥É¤Îpasswd¤Ï¡¢¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤¬Êѹ¹¤ò¼õ¤±¤¿¤³¤È¤òÄÌÃΤ·¤Ê¤¤¡£
.\"O .TP
.\"O .B "\-v, \-V, \-\-version"
.\"O Prints version information and exits.
.\"O 
.TP
.B "\-v, \-V, \-\-version"
¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¾ðÊó¤ò½ÐÎϤ·¡¢½ªÎ»¤¹¤ë¡£

.\"O .SH PASSWORD RULES
.SH ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥Éµ¬Â§
.\"O The new password must fulfill these rules:
.\"O .TP
.\"O o
¿·¤·¤¤¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Îµ¬Â§¤Ë½¾¤ï¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
.TP
o
.\"O be at least six characters long;
.\"O 
.\"O .TP
.\"O o
¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â£¶Ê¸»ú¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È;

.TP
o
.\"O must not be equal to the old password;
.\"O 
.\"O .TP
.\"O o
¸Å¤¤¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ÈƱ¤¸¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤;

.TP
o
.\"O must contain characters out of at least two of the following classes:
.\"O upper and lower case letters, digits and non alphanumeric characters;
.\"O 
.\"O .TP
.\"O o
¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â¼¡¤Îʸ»ú¥¯¥é¥¹¤ÎÆâ¤ÎÆó¤Ä¤«¤é¼è¤é¤ì¤¿Ê¸»ú¤ò´Þ¤Þ¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤:
Âçʸ»ú¤ª¤è¤Ó¾®Ê¸»ú¡£¥¢¥é¥Ó¥¢¿ô»ú¤ª¤è¤ÓÈó±Ñ¿ô»ú¡£

.TP
o
.\"O must not match neither the username nor any word of the realname,
.\"O neither in normal nor in reverse order, neither at the beginning nor
.\"O at the end.
¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¤â¼Â̾¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤Îñ¸ì¤È¤â¡¤Àµ½ç¤Ç¤âµÕ½ç¤Ç¤â¡¤
³«»Ï¤Ç¤â½ª¤ï¤ê¤Ç¤â°ìÃפ·¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤¡£
.\"O .SH BUGS
.\"O If you change your mind there is no escaping from this program.
.\"O It will insist on a new password until killed from another terminal.
.\"O (This is caused by a bug in getpass(3): it ignores signals.)
.SH ¥Ð¥°
µ¤¤¬ÊѤï¤Ã¤Æ¤â¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤«¤éÈ´¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤¬½ÐÍè¤Ê¤¤¡£
¾¤Î¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Ê¥ë¤«¤é¥­¥ë¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Þ¤Ç¤Ë¿·¤·¤¤¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÍ׵ᤵ¤ì¤ë¤À¤í¤¦¡£
(¤³¤ì¤Ï¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤ò̵»ë¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦getpass(3)¤Î¥Ð¥°¤Ë¤è¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£)
.\"O .SH FILES
.\"O .TP
.\"O .I /etc/passwd
.\"O The password file.
.SH ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë
.TP
.I /etc/passwd
¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë
.SH ´ØÏ¢¹àÌÜ
.BR chsh (1),
.BR chfn (1),
.BR syslog (3),
.BR syslog.conf (5),
.BR passwd (8).
.\"O .SH AUTHOR
.\"O Peter Orbaek (poe@daimi.aau.dk).
.\"O .br
.\"O Martin Schulze (joey@infodrom.north.de) with extensive rewriting and
.\"O improving done.
.SH Ãø¼Ô
Peter Orbaek (poe@daimi.aau.dk).
.br
Martin Schulze (joey@infodrom.north.de)¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¹­ÈϰϤν¤ÀµµÚ¤Ó
²þÎɤ¬¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤¿¡£