1 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
4 # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
9 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
10 "POT-Creation-Date: 2022-01-25 09:00+0900\n"
11 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
12 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
13 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
16 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
17 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
20 #: original/man1/cal.1:10
26 #: original/man1/cal.1:10 original/man1/column.1:10 original/man1/dmesg.1:10
27 #: original/man1/eject.1:10 original/man1/fallocate.1:10
28 #: original/man1/flock.1:10 original/man1/getopt.1:10
29 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:10 original/man1/hexdump.1:10
30 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:10 original/man1/kill.1:10 original/man1/last.1:10
31 #: original/man1/login.1:10 original/man1/look.1:10 original/man1/lsmem.1:10
32 #: original/man1/more.1:10 original/man1/mountpoint.1:10
33 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:10 original/man1/prlimit.1:10
34 #: original/man1/rename.1:10 original/man1/rev.1:10 original/man1/runuser.1:10
35 #: original/man1/script.1:10 original/man1/scriptlive.1:10
36 #: original/man1/setterm.1:10 original/man1/su.1:10 original/man1/unshare.1:10
37 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:10 original/man1/whereis.1:10
43 #: original/man1/cal.1:10 original/man1/chfn.1:10 original/man1/choom.1:10
44 #: original/man1/chrt.1:10 original/man1/chsh.1:10 original/man1/col.1:10
45 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:10 original/man1/colrm.1:10 original/man1/column.1:10
46 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:10 original/man1/eject.1:10
47 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:10 original/man1/fincore.1:10
48 #: original/man1/flock.1:10 original/man1/getopt.1:10
49 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:10 original/man1/hexdump.1:10
50 #: original/man1/ionice.1:10 original/man1/ipcmk.1:10 original/man1/ipcrm.1:10
51 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:10 original/man1/irqtop.1:10 original/man1/kill.1:10
52 #: original/man1/last.1:10 original/man1/line.1:10 original/man1/logger.1:10
53 #: original/man1/login.1:10 original/man1/look.1:10 original/man1/lscpu.1:10
54 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:10 original/man1/lsirq.1:10
55 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:10 original/man1/lsmem.1:10
56 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:10 original/man1/mesg.1:10 original/man1/more.1:10
57 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:10 original/man1/namei.1:10
58 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:10 original/man1/nsenter.1:10 original/man1/pg.1:10
59 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:10 original/man1/rename.1:10
60 #: original/man1/renice.1:10 original/man1/rev.1:10 original/man1/runuser.1:10
61 #: original/man1/script.1:10 original/man1/scriptlive.1:10
62 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:10 original/man1/setpriv.1:10
63 #: original/man1/setsid.1:10 original/man1/setterm.1:10 original/man1/su.1:10
64 #: original/man1/taskset.1:10 original/man1/uclampset.1:10
65 #: original/man1/ul.1:10 original/man1/unshare.1:10 original/man1/utmpdump.1:10
66 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:10 original/man1/uuidparse.1:10
67 #: original/man1/wall.1:10 original/man1/whereis.1:10 original/man1/write.1:10
69 msgid "util-linux 2.37.3"
73 #: original/man1/cal.1:10 original/man1/chfn.1:10 original/man1/choom.1:10
74 #: original/man1/chrt.1:10 original/man1/chsh.1:10 original/man1/col.1:10
75 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:10 original/man1/colrm.1:10 original/man1/column.1:10
76 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:10 original/man1/eject.1:10
77 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:10 original/man1/fincore.1:10
78 #: original/man1/flock.1:10 original/man1/getopt.1:10
79 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:10 original/man1/hexdump.1:10
80 #: original/man1/ionice.1:10 original/man1/ipcmk.1:10 original/man1/ipcrm.1:10
81 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:10 original/man1/irqtop.1:10 original/man1/kill.1:10
82 #: original/man1/last.1:10 original/man1/line.1:10 original/man1/logger.1:10
83 #: original/man1/login.1:10 original/man1/look.1:10 original/man1/lscpu.1:10
84 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:10 original/man1/lsirq.1:10
85 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:10 original/man1/lsmem.1:10
86 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:10 original/man1/mesg.1:10 original/man1/more.1:10
87 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:10 original/man1/namei.1:10
88 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:10 original/man1/nsenter.1:10 original/man1/pg.1:10
89 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:10 original/man1/rename.1:10
90 #: original/man1/renice.1:10 original/man1/rev.1:10 original/man1/runuser.1:10
91 #: original/man1/script.1:10 original/man1/scriptlive.1:10
92 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:10 original/man1/setpriv.1:10
93 #: original/man1/setsid.1:10 original/man1/setterm.1:10 original/man1/su.1:10
94 #: original/man1/taskset.1:10 original/man1/uclampset.1:10
95 #: original/man1/ul.1:10 original/man1/unshare.1:10 original/man1/utmpdump.1:10
96 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:10 original/man1/uuidparse.1:10
97 #: original/man1/wall.1:10 original/man1/whereis.1:10 original/man1/write.1:10
103 #: original/man1/cal.1:30 original/man1/chfn.1:30 original/man1/choom.1:30
104 #: original/man1/chrt.1:30 original/man1/chsh.1:30 original/man1/col.1:30
105 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:30 original/man1/colrm.1:30 original/man1/column.1:30
106 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:30 original/man1/eject.1:30
107 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:30 original/man1/fincore.1:30
108 #: original/man1/flock.1:30 original/man1/getopt.1:30
109 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:30 original/man1/hexdump.1:30
110 #: original/man1/ionice.1:30 original/man1/ipcmk.1:30 original/man1/ipcrm.1:30
111 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:30 original/man1/irqtop.1:30 original/man1/kill.1:30
112 #: original/man1/last.1:30 original/man1/line.1:30 original/man1/logger.1:30
113 #: original/man1/login.1:30 original/man1/look.1:30 original/man1/lscpu.1:30
114 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:30 original/man1/lsirq.1:30
115 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:30 original/man1/lsmem.1:30
116 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:30 original/man1/mesg.1:30 original/man1/more.1:30
117 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:30 original/man1/namei.1:30
118 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:30 original/man1/nsenter.1:30 original/man1/pg.1:30
119 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:30 original/man1/rename.1:30
120 #: original/man1/renice.1:30 original/man1/rev.1:30 original/man1/runuser.1:30
121 #: original/man1/script.1:30 original/man1/scriptlive.1:30
122 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:30 original/man1/setpriv.1:30
123 #: original/man1/setsid.1:30 original/man1/setterm.1:30 original/man1/su.1:30
124 #: original/man1/taskset.1:30 original/man1/uclampset.1:30
125 #: original/man1/ul.1:30 original/man1/unshare.1:30 original/man1/utmpdump.1:30
126 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:30 original/man1/uuidparse.1:30
127 #: original/man1/wall.1:30 original/man1/whereis.1:30 original/man1/write.1:30
133 #: original/man1/cal.1:32
134 msgid "cal - display a calendar"
138 #: original/man1/cal.1:32 original/man1/chfn.1:32 original/man1/chrt.1:32
139 #: original/man1/chsh.1:32 original/man1/col.1:32 original/man1/colcrt.1:32
140 #: original/man1/colrm.1:32 original/man1/column.1:32 original/man1/dmesg.1:32
141 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:32 original/man1/fincore.1:32
142 #: original/man1/flock.1:32 original/man1/getopt.1:32
143 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:32 original/man1/ionice.1:32
144 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:32 original/man1/ipcrm.1:32 original/man1/ipcs.1:32
145 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:32 original/man1/kill.1:32 original/man1/last.1:32
146 #: original/man1/line.1:32 original/man1/logger.1:32 original/man1/login.1:32
147 #: original/man1/look.1:32 original/man1/lscpu.1:32 original/man1/lsipc.1:32
148 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:32 original/man1/lslogins.1:32
149 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:32 original/man1/mcookie.1:32 original/man1/mesg.1:32
150 #: original/man1/more.1:32 original/man1/mountpoint.1:32
151 #: original/man1/namei.1:32 original/man1/newgrp.1:32
152 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:32 original/man1/pg.1:32 original/man1/prlimit.1:32
153 #: original/man1/rename.1:32 original/man1/renice.1:32 original/man1/rev.1:32
154 #: original/man1/runuser.1:32 original/man1/script.1:32
155 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:32 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:32
156 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:32 original/man1/setsid.1:32
157 #: original/man1/setterm.1:32 original/man1/su.1:32 original/man1/taskset.1:32
158 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:32 original/man1/ul.1:32
159 #: original/man1/unshare.1:32 original/man1/utmpdump.1:32
160 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:32 original/man1/uuidparse.1:32
161 #: original/man1/wall.1:32 original/man1/whereis.1:32
167 #: original/man1/cal.1:35
168 msgid "B<cal> [options] [[[I<day>] I<month>] I<year>]"
172 #: original/man1/cal.1:37
173 msgid "B<cal> [options] [I<timestamp>|I<monthname>]"
177 #: original/man1/cal.1:37 original/man1/chfn.1:35 original/man1/choom.1:38
178 #: original/man1/chrt.1:37 original/man1/chsh.1:35 original/man1/col.1:35
179 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:35 original/man1/colrm.1:35 original/man1/column.1:35
180 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:45 original/man1/eject.1:34
181 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:39 original/man1/fincore.1:35
182 #: original/man1/flock.1:39 original/man1/getopt.1:37
183 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:35 original/man1/hexdump.1:36
184 #: original/man1/ionice.1:41 original/man1/ipcmk.1:35 original/man1/ipcrm.1:37
185 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:35 original/man1/irqtop.1:35 original/man1/kill.1:37
186 #: original/man1/last.1:37 original/man1/line.1:35 original/man1/logger.1:35
187 #: original/man1/login.1:35 original/man1/look.1:35 original/man1/lscpu.1:35
188 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:35 original/man1/lsirq.1:35
189 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:35 original/man1/lsmem.1:35
190 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:35 original/man1/mesg.1:35 original/man1/more.1:35
191 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:37 original/man1/namei.1:35
192 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:35 original/man1/nsenter.1:35 original/man1/pg.1:35
193 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:37 original/man1/rename.1:35
194 #: original/man1/renice.1:35 original/man1/rev.1:35 original/man1/runuser.1:37
195 #: original/man1/script.1:35 original/man1/scriptlive.1:35
196 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:35 original/man1/setpriv.1:35
197 #: original/man1/setsid.1:35 original/man1/setterm.1:35 original/man1/su.1:35
198 #: original/man1/taskset.1:37 original/man1/uclampset.1:37
199 #: original/man1/ul.1:35 original/man1/unshare.1:35 original/man1/utmpdump.1:35
200 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:35 original/man1/uuidparse.1:35
201 #: original/man1/wall.1:35 original/man1/whereis.1:35 original/man1/write.1:34
207 #: original/man1/cal.1:40
209 "B<cal> displays a simple calendar. If no arguments are specified, the "
210 "current month is displayed."
214 #: original/man1/cal.1:42
216 "The I<month> may be specified as a number (1-12), as a month name or as an "
217 "abbreviated month name according to the current locales."
221 #: original/man1/cal.1:44
223 "Two different calendar systems are used, Gregorian and Julian. These are "
224 "nearly identical systems with Gregorian making a small adjustment to the "
225 "frequency of leap years; this facilitates improved synchronization with "
226 "solar events like the equinoxes. The Gregorian calendar reform was "
227 "introduced in 1582, but its adoption continued up to 1923. By default B<cal> "
228 "uses the adoption date of 3 Sept 1752. From that date forward the Gregorian "
229 "calendar is displayed; previous dates use the Julian calendar system. 11 "
230 "days were removed at the time of adoption to bring the calendar in sync with "
231 "solar events. So Sept 1752 has a mix of Julian and Gregorian dates by which "
232 "the 2nd is followed by the 14th (the 3rd through the 13th are absent)."
236 #: original/man1/cal.1:46
238 "Optionally, either the proleptic Gregorian calendar or the Julian calendar "
239 "may be used exclusively. See B<--reform> below."
243 #: original/man1/cal.1:46 original/man1/chfn.1:44 original/man1/choom.1:41
244 #: original/man1/chrt.1:118 original/man1/chsh.1:40 original/man1/col.1:40
245 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:38 original/man1/colrm.1:42 original/man1/column.1:55
246 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:50 original/man1/eject.1:45
247 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:44 original/man1/fincore.1:40
248 #: original/man1/flock.1:46 original/man1/getopt.1:46
249 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:38 original/man1/hexdump.1:39
250 #: original/man1/ionice.1:67 original/man1/ipcmk.1:38 original/man1/ipcrm.1:48
251 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:38 original/man1/irqtop.1:40 original/man1/kill.1:79
252 #: original/man1/last.1:46 original/man1/logger.1:40 original/man1/login.1:50
253 #: original/man1/look.1:40 original/man1/lscpu.1:48 original/man1/lsipc.1:38
254 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:40 original/man1/lslogins.1:42
255 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:48 original/man1/mcookie.1:47 original/man1/mesg.1:55
256 #: original/man1/more.1:38 original/man1/mountpoint.1:40
257 #: original/man1/namei.1:60 original/man1/nsenter.1:80 original/man1/pg.1:42
258 #: original/man1/rename.1:38 original/man1/renice.1:38 original/man1/rev.1:40
259 #: original/man1/runuser.1:48 original/man1/script.1:44
260 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:44 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:46
261 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:40 original/man1/setsid.1:38
262 #: original/man1/setterm.1:38 original/man1/su.1:48 original/man1/taskset.1:74
263 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:54 original/man1/ul.1:38
264 #: original/man1/unshare.1:86 original/man1/utmpdump.1:38
265 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:42 original/man1/uuidparse.1:128
266 #: original/man1/wall.1:42 original/man1/whereis.1:60 original/man1/write.1:57
272 #: original/man1/cal.1:49
273 msgid "B<-1>, B<--one>"
277 #: original/man1/cal.1:51
278 msgid "Display single month output. (This is the default.)"
282 #: original/man1/cal.1:54
283 msgid "B<-3>, B<--three>"
287 #: original/man1/cal.1:56
288 msgid "Display three months spanning the date."
292 #: original/man1/cal.1:59
293 msgid "B<-n , --months> I<number>"
297 #: original/man1/cal.1:61
298 msgid "Display I<number> of months, starting from the month containing the date."
302 #: original/man1/cal.1:64
303 msgid "B<-S, --span>"
307 #: original/man1/cal.1:66
308 msgid "Display months spanning the date."
312 #: original/man1/cal.1:69
313 msgid "B<-s>, B<--sunday>"
317 #: original/man1/cal.1:71
318 msgid "Display Sunday as the first day of the week."
322 #: original/man1/cal.1:74
323 msgid "B<-m>, B<--monday>"
327 #: original/man1/cal.1:76
328 msgid "Display Monday as the first day of the week."
332 #: original/man1/cal.1:79 original/man1/namei.1:83
333 msgid "B<-v>, B<--vertical>"
337 #: original/man1/cal.1:81
338 msgid "Display using a vertical layout (aka B<ncal>(1) mode)."
342 #: original/man1/cal.1:84
347 #: original/man1/cal.1:86
349 "Display the proleptic Gregorian calendar exclusively. This option does not "
350 "affect week numbers and the first day of the week. See B<--reform> below."
354 #: original/man1/cal.1:89
355 msgid "B<-j>, B<--julian>"
359 #: original/man1/cal.1:91
361 "Use day-of-year numbering for all calendars. These are also called ordinal "
362 "days. Ordinal days range from 1 to 366. This option does not switch from the "
363 "Gregorian to the Julian calendar system, that is controlled by the "
364 "B<--reform> option."
368 #: original/man1/cal.1:93
370 "Sometimes Gregorian calendars using ordinal dates are referred to as Julian "
371 "calendars. This can be confusing due to the many date related conventions "
372 "that use Julian in their name: (ordinal) julian date, julian (calendar) "
373 "date, (astronomical) julian date, (modified) julian date, and more. This "
374 "option is named julian, because ordinal days are identified as julian by the "
375 "POSIX standard. However, be aware that B<cal> also uses the Julian calendar "
376 "system. See B<DESCRIPTION> above."
380 #: original/man1/cal.1:96
381 msgid "B<--reform> I<val>"
385 #: original/man1/cal.1:98
387 "This option sets the adoption date of the Gregorian calendar "
388 "reform. Calendar dates previous to reform use the Julian calendar "
389 "system. Calendar dates after reform use the Gregorian calendar system. The "
390 "argument I<val> can be:"
394 #: original/man1/cal.1:102 original/man1/cal.1:113 original/man1/cal.1:124
395 #: original/man1/cal.1:135
396 msgid "\\h'-04'\\(bu\\h'+03'"
400 #: original/man1/cal.1:108
402 "I<1752> - sets 3 September 1752 as the reform date (default). This is when "
403 "the Gregorian calendar reform was adopted by the British Empire."
407 #: original/man1/cal.1:119
409 "I<gregorian> - display Gregorian calendars exclusively. This special "
410 "placeholder sets the reform date below the smallest year that B<cal> can "
411 "use; meaning all calendar output uses the Gregorian calendar system. This is "
412 "called the proleptic Gregorian calendar, because dates prior to the calendar "
413 "system\\(cqs creation use extrapolated values."
417 #: original/man1/cal.1:130
419 "I<iso> - alias of I<gregorian>. The ISO 8601 standard for the representation "
420 "of dates and times in information interchange requires using the proleptic "
421 "Gregorian calendar."
425 #: original/man1/cal.1:141
427 "I<julian> - display Julian calendars exclusively. This special placeholder "
428 "sets the reform date above the largest year that B<cal> can use; meaning all "
429 "calendar output uses the Julian calendar system."
433 #: original/man1/cal.1:145
434 msgid "See B<DESCRIPTION> above."
438 #: original/man1/cal.1:147
439 msgid "B<-y>, B<--year>"
443 #: original/man1/cal.1:149
444 msgid "Display a calendar for the whole year."
448 #: original/man1/cal.1:152
449 msgid "B<-Y, --twelve>"
453 #: original/man1/cal.1:154
454 msgid "Display a calendar for the next twelve months."
458 #: original/man1/cal.1:157
459 msgid "B<-w>, B<--week>[=I<number>]"
463 #: original/man1/cal.1:159
465 "Display week numbers in the calendar (US or ISO-8601). See NOTES section for "
470 #: original/man1/cal.1:162
471 msgid "B<--color>[=I<when>]"
475 #: original/man1/cal.1:164
477 "Colorize the output. The optional argument I<when> can be B<auto>, B<never> "
478 "or B<always>. If the I<when> argument is omitted, it defaults to "
479 "B<auto>. The colors can be disabled; for the current built-in default see "
480 "the B<--help> output. See also the B<COLORS> section."
484 #: original/man1/cal.1:167 original/man1/choom.1:59 original/man1/chrt.1:141
485 #: original/man1/col.1:73 original/man1/colcrt.1:51 original/man1/colrm.1:45
486 #: original/man1/column.1:167 original/man1/dmesg.1:211
487 #: original/man1/eject.1:128 original/man1/fallocate.1:117
488 #: original/man1/fincore.1:68 original/man1/flock.1:99
489 #: original/man1/getopt.1:99 original/man1/hexdump.1:104
490 #: original/man1/ionice.1:105 original/man1/ipcmk.1:65 original/man1/ipcrm.1:88
491 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:51 original/man1/irqtop.1:63 original/man1/logger.1:245
492 #: original/man1/login.1:80 original/man1/look.1:65 original/man1/lscpu.1:131
493 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:56 original/man1/lsirq.1:73
494 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:149 original/man1/lsmem.1:106
495 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:67 original/man1/mesg.1:63 original/man1/more.1:103
496 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:63 original/man1/namei.1:93
497 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:222 original/man1/pg.1:99 original/man1/rename.1:66
498 #: original/man1/renice.1:61 original/man1/rev.1:43 original/man1/runuser.1:193
499 #: original/man1/script.1:135 original/man1/scriptlive.1:77
500 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:104 original/man1/setpriv.1:167
501 #: original/man1/setsid.1:56 original/man1/su.1:193 original/man1/taskset.1:92
502 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:92 original/man1/ul.1:51
503 #: original/man1/unshare.1:213 original/man1/utmpdump.1:56
504 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:60 original/man1/uuidparse.1:151
505 #: original/man1/wall.1:60 original/man1/whereis.1:113 original/man1/write.1:60
506 msgid "B<-V>, B<--version>"
510 #: original/man1/cal.1:169 original/man1/chfn.1:74 original/man1/choom.1:61
511 #: original/man1/chrt.1:143 original/man1/chsh.1:60 original/man1/col.1:75
512 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:53 original/man1/colrm.1:47
513 #: original/man1/column.1:169 original/man1/dmesg.1:213
514 #: original/man1/eject.1:130 original/man1/fallocate.1:119
515 #: original/man1/fincore.1:70 original/man1/flock.1:101
516 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:106 original/man1/ionice.1:107
517 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:67 original/man1/ipcrm.1:90 original/man1/ipcs.1:53
518 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:65 original/man1/logger.1:247
519 #: original/man1/login.1:82 original/man1/look.1:67 original/man1/lscpu.1:133
520 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:58 original/man1/lsirq.1:75
521 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:151 original/man1/lsmem.1:108
522 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:69 original/man1/mesg.1:65 original/man1/more.1:105
523 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:65 original/man1/namei.1:95
524 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:224 original/man1/pg.1:101
525 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:125 original/man1/rename.1:68
526 #: original/man1/renice.1:63 original/man1/rev.1:45 original/man1/runuser.1:195
527 #: original/man1/script.1:137 original/man1/scriptlive.1:79
528 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:106 original/man1/setpriv.1:169
529 #: original/man1/setsid.1:58 original/man1/su.1:195 original/man1/taskset.1:94
530 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:94 original/man1/ul.1:53
531 #: original/man1/unshare.1:215 original/man1/utmpdump.1:58
532 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:62 original/man1/uuidparse.1:153
533 #: original/man1/wall.1:62 original/man1/whereis.1:115 original/man1/write.1:62
534 msgid "Display version information and exit."
538 #: original/man1/cal.1:172 original/man1/choom.1:54 original/man1/chrt.1:146
539 #: original/man1/chsh.1:53 original/man1/colcrt.1:56 original/man1/colrm.1:50
540 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:216 original/man1/eject.1:73
541 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:122 original/man1/fincore.1:73
542 #: original/man1/flock.1:104 original/man1/getopt.1:54
543 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:41 original/man1/hexdump.1:109
544 #: original/man1/ionice.1:95 original/man1/ipcmk.1:70 original/man1/ipcrm.1:93
545 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:46 original/man1/irqtop.1:68 original/man1/logger.1:250
546 #: original/man1/look.1:70 original/man1/lscpu.1:93 original/man1/lsipc.1:51
547 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:78 original/man1/lslogins.1:84
548 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:61 original/man1/mcookie.1:72 original/man1/mesg.1:68
549 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:68 original/man1/namei.1:98
550 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:227 original/man1/pg.1:104 original/man1/rename.1:71
551 #: original/man1/renice.1:66 original/man1/rev.1:48 original/man1/runuser.1:198
552 #: original/man1/script.1:140 original/man1/scriptlive.1:82
553 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:109 original/man1/setpriv.1:172
554 #: original/man1/setsid.1:61 original/man1/su.1:198 original/man1/taskset.1:97
555 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:97 original/man1/ul.1:56
556 #: original/man1/unshare.1:218 original/man1/utmpdump.1:61
557 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:55 original/man1/uuidparse.1:156
558 #: original/man1/wall.1:65 original/man1/whereis.1:108 original/man1/write.1:65
559 msgid "B<-h>, B<--help>"
563 #: original/man1/cal.1:174 original/man1/chfn.1:69 original/man1/choom.1:56
564 #: original/man1/chrt.1:148 original/man1/chsh.1:55 original/man1/col.1:80
565 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:58 original/man1/colrm.1:52
566 #: original/man1/column.1:174 original/man1/dmesg.1:218
567 #: original/man1/eject.1:75 original/man1/fallocate.1:124
568 #: original/man1/fincore.1:75 original/man1/flock.1:106
569 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:111 original/man1/ionice.1:97
570 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:72 original/man1/ipcrm.1:95 original/man1/ipcs.1:48
571 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:70 original/man1/logger.1:252
572 #: original/man1/login.1:77 original/man1/look.1:72 original/man1/lscpu.1:95
573 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:53 original/man1/lsirq.1:80 original/man1/lsmem.1:63
574 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:74 original/man1/mesg.1:70 original/man1/more.1:100
575 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:70 original/man1/namei.1:100
576 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:229 original/man1/pg.1:106
577 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:95 original/man1/rename.1:73
578 #: original/man1/renice.1:68 original/man1/rev.1:50 original/man1/runuser.1:200
579 #: original/man1/script.1:142 original/man1/scriptlive.1:84
580 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:111 original/man1/setpriv.1:174
581 #: original/man1/setsid.1:63 original/man1/su.1:200 original/man1/taskset.1:99
582 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:99 original/man1/ul.1:58
583 #: original/man1/unshare.1:220 original/man1/utmpdump.1:63
584 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:57 original/man1/uuidparse.1:158
585 #: original/man1/wall.1:67 original/man1/whereis.1:110 original/man1/write.1:67
586 msgid "Display help text and exit."
590 #: original/man1/cal.1:175
596 #: original/man1/cal.1:178
597 msgid "B<Single digits-only parameter (e.g., \\(aqcal 2020\\(aq)>"
601 #: original/man1/cal.1:180
603 "Specifies the I<year> to be displayed; note the year must be fully "
604 "specified: B<cal 89> will not display a calendar for 1989."
608 #: original/man1/cal.1:183
610 "B<Single string parameter (e.g., \\(aqcal tomorrow\\(aq or \\(aqcal "
615 #: original/man1/cal.1:185
617 "Specifies I<timestamp> or a I<month name> (or abbreviated name) according to "
618 "the current locales."
622 #: original/man1/cal.1:187
624 "The special placeholders are accepted when parsing timestamp, \"now\" may be "
625 "used to refer to the current time, \"today\", \"yesterday\", \"tomorrow\" "
626 "refer to of the current day, the day before or the next day, respectively."
630 #: original/man1/cal.1:189
632 "The relative date specifications are also accepted, in this case \"+\" is "
633 "evaluated to the current time plus the specified time span. Correspondingly, "
634 "a time span that is prefixed with \"-\" is evaluated to the current time "
635 "minus the specified time span, for example \\(aq+2days\\(aq. Instead of "
636 "prefixing the time span with \"+\" or \"-\", it may also be suffixed with a "
637 "space and the word \"left\" or \"ago\" (for example \\(aq1 week ago\\(aq)."
641 #: original/man1/cal.1:192
642 msgid "B<Two parameters (e.g., \\(aqcal 11 2020\\(aq)>"
646 #: original/man1/cal.1:194
647 msgid "Denote the I<month> (1 - 12) and I<year>."
651 #: original/man1/cal.1:197
652 msgid "B<Three parameters (e.g., \\(aqcal 25 11 2020\\(aq)>"
656 #: original/man1/cal.1:199
658 "Denote the I<day> (1-31), I<month and year>, and the day will be highlighted "
659 "if the calendar is displayed on a terminal. If no parameters are specified, "
660 "the current month\\(cqs calendar is displayed."
664 #: original/man1/cal.1:200 original/man1/choom.1:62 original/man1/chrt.1:168
665 #: original/man1/col.1:84 original/man1/eject.1:149 original/man1/ionice.1:108
666 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:96 original/man1/ipcs.1:119 original/man1/kill.1:153
667 #: original/man1/last.1:208 original/man1/lslogins.1:188
668 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:95 original/man1/pg.1:217
669 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:207 original/man1/renice.1:75
670 #: original/man1/script.1:154 original/man1/setpriv.1:175
671 #: original/man1/su.1:270 original/man1/uclampset.1:124
672 #: original/man1/unshare.1:221 original/man1/utmpdump.1:64
673 #: original/man1/wall.1:68
679 #: original/man1/cal.1:203
681 "A year starts on January 1. The first day of the week is determined by the "
682 "locale or the B<--sunday> and B<--monday> options."
686 #: original/man1/cal.1:205
688 "The week numbering depends on the choice of the first day of the week. If it "
689 "is Sunday then the customary North American numbering is used, where 1 "
690 "January is in week number 1. If it is Monday (B<-m>) then the ISO 8601 "
691 "standard week numbering is used, where the first Thursday is in week number "
696 #: original/man1/cal.1:205 original/man1/dmesg.1:219
697 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:465
703 #: original/man1/cal.1:208
704 msgid "Implicit coloring can be disabled as follows:"
708 #: original/man1/cal.1:212
709 msgid "B<touch /etc/terminal-colors.d/cal.disable>"
713 #: original/man1/cal.1:217 original/man1/hexdump.1:470
715 "See B<terminal-colors.d>(5) for more details about colorization "
720 #: original/man1/cal.1:217 original/man1/col.1:148 original/man1/colcrt.1:59
721 #: original/man1/colrm.1:53 original/man1/column.1:178 original/man1/look.1:92
722 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:157 original/man1/lslogins.1:191
723 #: original/man1/mesg.1:92 original/man1/more.1:237 original/man1/renice.1:80
724 #: original/man1/runuser.1:262 original/man1/script.1:174
725 #: original/man1/su.1:280 original/man1/ul.1:67 original/man1/wall.1:71
726 #: original/man1/write.1:68
732 #: original/man1/cal.1:220
733 msgid "A B<cal> command appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX."
737 #: original/man1/cal.1:220 original/man1/colcrt.1:62 original/man1/column.1:181
738 #: original/man1/getopt.1:168 original/man1/hardlink.1:117
739 #: original/man1/login.1:190 original/man1/lscpu.1:139
740 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:80 original/man1/namei.1:101
741 #: original/man1/script.1:177 original/man1/setterm.1:258 original/man1/ul.1:70
742 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:81
748 #: original/man1/cal.1:223
750 "The default B<cal> output uses 3 September 1752 as the Gregorian calendar "
751 "reform date. The historical reform dates for the other locales, including "
752 "its introduction in October 1582, are not implemented."
756 #: original/man1/cal.1:225
758 "Alternative calendars, such as the Umm al-Qura, the Solar Hijri, the "
759 "Ge\\(cqez, or the lunisolar Hindu, are not supported."
763 #: original/man1/cal.1:225 original/man1/chfn.1:101 original/man1/choom.1:81
764 #: original/man1/chrt.1:185 original/man1/chsh.1:78 original/man1/col.1:156
765 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:90 original/man1/colrm.1:62
766 #: original/man1/column.1:258 original/man1/dmesg.1:277
767 #: original/man1/eject.1:178 original/man1/fallocate.1:134
768 #: original/man1/fincore.1:84 original/man1/flock.1:154
769 #: original/man1/getopt.1:181 original/man1/hardlink.1:125
770 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:470 original/man1/ionice.1:158
771 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:81 original/man1/ipcrm.1:112 original/man1/ipcs.1:137
772 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:102 original/man1/kill.1:172 original/man1/last.1:220
773 #: original/man1/line.1:41 original/man1/logger.1:338 original/man1/login.1:214
774 #: original/man1/look.1:109 original/man1/lscpu.1:154 original/man1/lsipc.1:176
775 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:86 original/man1/lslogins.1:204
776 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:120 original/man1/mcookie.1:89
777 #: original/man1/mesg.1:102 original/man1/more.1:251
778 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:104 original/man1/namei.1:116
779 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:52 original/man1/nsenter.1:239 original/man1/pg.1:231
780 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:244 original/man1/rename.1:151
781 #: original/man1/renice.1:96 original/man1/rev.1:54 original/man1/runuser.1:272
782 #: original/man1/script.1:187 original/man1/scriptlive.1:114
783 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:148 original/man1/setpriv.1:198
784 #: original/man1/setsid.1:70 original/man1/setterm.1:267 original/man1/su.1:290
785 #: original/man1/taskset.1:134 original/man1/uclampset.1:147
786 #: original/man1/ul.1:81 original/man1/unshare.1:351
787 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:93 original/man1/uuidgen.1:101
788 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:167 original/man1/wall.1:80
789 #: original/man1/whereis.1:130 original/man1/write.1:76
791 msgid "REPORTING BUGS"
795 #: original/man1/cal.1:228 original/man1/chfn.1:104 original/man1/choom.1:84
796 #: original/man1/chrt.1:188 original/man1/chsh.1:81 original/man1/col.1:159
797 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:93 original/man1/colrm.1:65
798 #: original/man1/column.1:261 original/man1/dmesg.1:280
799 #: original/man1/eject.1:181 original/man1/fallocate.1:137
800 #: original/man1/fincore.1:87 original/man1/flock.1:157
801 #: original/man1/getopt.1:184 original/man1/hardlink.1:128
802 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:473 original/man1/ionice.1:161
803 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:84 original/man1/ipcrm.1:115 original/man1/ipcs.1:140
804 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:105 original/man1/kill.1:175 original/man1/last.1:223
805 #: original/man1/line.1:44 original/man1/logger.1:341 original/man1/login.1:217
806 #: original/man1/look.1:112 original/man1/lscpu.1:157 original/man1/lsipc.1:179
807 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:89 original/man1/lslogins.1:207
808 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:123 original/man1/mcookie.1:92
809 #: original/man1/mesg.1:105 original/man1/more.1:254
810 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:107 original/man1/namei.1:119
811 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:55 original/man1/nsenter.1:242 original/man1/pg.1:234
812 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:247 original/man1/rename.1:154
813 #: original/man1/renice.1:99 original/man1/rev.1:57 original/man1/runuser.1:275
814 #: original/man1/script.1:190 original/man1/scriptlive.1:117
815 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:151 original/man1/setpriv.1:201
816 #: original/man1/setsid.1:73 original/man1/setterm.1:270 original/man1/su.1:293
817 #: original/man1/taskset.1:137 original/man1/uclampset.1:150
818 #: original/man1/ul.1:84 original/man1/unshare.1:354
819 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:96 original/man1/uuidgen.1:104
820 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:170 original/man1/wall.1:83
821 #: original/man1/whereis.1:133 original/man1/write.1:79
822 msgid "For bug reports, use the issue tracker at"
826 #: original/man1/cal.1:229 original/man1/chfn.1:105 original/man1/choom.1:85
827 #: original/man1/chrt.1:189 original/man1/chsh.1:82 original/man1/col.1:160
828 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:94 original/man1/colrm.1:66
829 #: original/man1/column.1:262 original/man1/dmesg.1:281
830 #: original/man1/eject.1:182 original/man1/fallocate.1:138
831 #: original/man1/fincore.1:88 original/man1/flock.1:158
832 #: original/man1/getopt.1:185 original/man1/hardlink.1:129
833 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:474 original/man1/ionice.1:162
834 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:85 original/man1/ipcrm.1:116 original/man1/ipcs.1:141
835 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:106 original/man1/kill.1:176 original/man1/last.1:224
836 #: original/man1/line.1:45 original/man1/logger.1:342 original/man1/login.1:218
837 #: original/man1/look.1:113 original/man1/lscpu.1:158 original/man1/lsipc.1:180
838 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:90 original/man1/lslogins.1:208
839 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:124 original/man1/mcookie.1:93
840 #: original/man1/mesg.1:106 original/man1/more.1:255
841 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:108 original/man1/namei.1:120
842 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:56 original/man1/nsenter.1:243 original/man1/pg.1:235
843 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:248 original/man1/rename.1:155
844 #: original/man1/renice.1:100 original/man1/rev.1:58
845 #: original/man1/runuser.1:276 original/man1/script.1:191
846 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:118 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:152
847 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:202 original/man1/setsid.1:74
848 #: original/man1/setterm.1:271 original/man1/su.1:294
849 #: original/man1/taskset.1:138 original/man1/uclampset.1:151
850 #: original/man1/ul.1:85 original/man1/unshare.1:355
851 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:97 original/man1/uuidgen.1:105
852 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:171 original/man1/wall.1:84
853 #: original/man1/whereis.1:134 original/man1/write.1:80
859 #: original/man1/cal.1:232
861 "The B<cal> command is part of the util-linux package which can be downloaded "
866 #: original/man1/chfn.1:10
872 #: original/man1/chfn.1:10 original/man1/choom.1:10 original/man1/chrt.1:10
873 #: original/man1/chsh.1:10 original/man1/col.1:10 original/man1/colcrt.1:10
874 #: original/man1/colrm.1:10 original/man1/fincore.1:10
875 #: original/man1/ionice.1:10 original/man1/ipcmk.1:10 original/man1/ipcrm.1:10
876 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:10 original/man1/line.1:10 original/man1/logger.1:10
877 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:10 original/man1/lsipc.1:10 original/man1/lsirq.1:10
878 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:10 original/man1/mcookie.1:10
879 #: original/man1/mesg.1:10 original/man1/namei.1:10 original/man1/newgrp.1:10
880 #: original/man1/pg.1:10 original/man1/renice.1:10
881 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:10 original/man1/setpriv.1:10
882 #: original/man1/setsid.1:10 original/man1/taskset.1:10
883 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:10 original/man1/ul.1:10
884 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:10 original/man1/uuidparse.1:10
885 #: original/man1/wall.1:10 original/man1/write.1:10
891 #: original/man1/chfn.1:32
892 msgid "chfn - change your finger information"
896 #: original/man1/chfn.1:35
898 "B<chfn> [B<-f> I<full-name>] [B<-o> I<office>] [B<-p> I<office-phone>] "
899 "[B<-h> I<home-phone>] [B<-u>] [B<-v>] [I<username>]"
903 #: original/man1/chfn.1:38
905 "B<chfn> is used to change your finger information. This information is "
906 "stored in the I</etc/passwd> file, and is displayed by the B<finger> "
907 "program. The Linux B<finger> command will display four pieces of information "
908 "that can be changed by B<chfn>: your real name, your work room and phone, "
909 "and your home phone."
913 #: original/man1/chfn.1:40
915 "Any of the four pieces of information can be specified on the command "
916 "line. If no information is given on the command line, B<chfn> enters "
921 #: original/man1/chfn.1:42
923 "In interactive mode, B<chfn> will prompt for each field. At a prompt, you "
924 "can enter the new information, or just press return to leave the field "
925 "unchanged. Enter the keyword \"none\" to make the field blank."
929 #: original/man1/chfn.1:44
931 "B<chfn> supports non-local entries (kerberos, LDAP, etc.) if linked with "
932 "libuser, otherwise use B<ypchfn>(1), B<lchfn>(1) or any other implementation "
933 "for non-local entries."
937 #: original/man1/chfn.1:47
938 msgid "B<-f>, B<--full-name> I<full-name>"
942 #: original/man1/chfn.1:49
943 msgid "Specify your real name."
947 #: original/man1/chfn.1:52
948 msgid "B<-o>, B<--office> I<office>"
952 #: original/man1/chfn.1:54
953 msgid "Specify your office room number."
957 #: original/man1/chfn.1:57
958 msgid "B<-p>, B<--office-phone> I<office-phone>"
962 #: original/man1/chfn.1:59
963 msgid "Specify your office phone number."
967 #: original/man1/chfn.1:62
968 msgid "B<-h>, B<--home-phone> I<home-phone>"
972 #: original/man1/chfn.1:64
973 msgid "Specify your home phone number."
977 #: original/man1/chfn.1:67
978 msgid "B<-u>, B<--help>"
982 #: original/man1/chfn.1:72 original/man1/chsh.1:58
983 msgid "B<-v>, B<--version>"
987 #: original/man1/chfn.1:75 original/man1/login.1:83
989 msgid "CONFIG FILE ITEMS"
993 #: original/man1/chfn.1:78
995 "B<chfn> reads the I</etc/login.defs> configuration file (see "
996 "B<login.defs>(5)). Note that the configuration file could be distributed "
997 "with another package (e.g., shadow-utils). The following configuration items "
998 "are relevant for B<chfn>:"
1002 #: original/man1/chfn.1:80
1003 msgid "B<CHFN_RESTRICT> I<string>"
1007 #: original/man1/chfn.1:82
1008 msgid "Indicate which fields are changeable by B<chfn>."
1012 #: original/man1/chfn.1:84
1014 "The boolean setting B<\"yes\"> means that only the Office, Office Phone and "
1015 "Home Phone fields are changeable, and boolean setting B<\"no\"> means that "
1016 "also the Full Name is changeable."
1020 #: original/man1/chfn.1:86
1022 "Another way to specify changeable fields is by abbreviations: f = Full Name, "
1023 "r = Office (room), w = Office (work) Phone, h = Home Phone. For example, "
1024 "B<CHFN_RESTRICT \"wh\"> allows changing work and home phone numbers."
1028 #: original/man1/chfn.1:88
1030 "If B<CHFN_RESTRICT> is undefined, then all finger information is "
1031 "read-only. This is the default."
1035 #: original/man1/chfn.1:89 original/man1/chsh.1:66 original/man1/dmesg.1:264
1036 #: original/man1/eject.1:146 original/man1/flock.1:107
1037 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:424 original/man1/kill.1:135
1038 #: original/man1/logger.1:253 original/man1/lsipc.1:141
1039 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:172 original/man1/mesg.1:71
1040 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:71 original/man1/rename.1:88
1041 #: original/man1/runuser.1:221 original/man1/su.1:229
1047 #: original/man1/chfn.1:92 original/man1/chsh.1:69 original/man1/eject.1:149
1049 "Returns 0 if operation was successful, 1 if operation failed or command "
1050 "syntax was not valid."
1054 #: original/man1/chfn.1:92 original/man1/choom.1:75 original/man1/chrt.1:173
1055 #: original/man1/chsh.1:69 original/man1/dmesg.1:267 original/man1/eject.1:164
1056 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:125 original/man1/fincore.1:76
1057 #: original/man1/flock.1:145 original/man1/ionice.1:151
1058 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:73 original/man1/ipcs.1:122 original/man1/irqtop.1:97
1059 #: original/man1/kill.1:158 original/man1/last.1:211 original/man1/logger.1:326
1060 #: original/man1/login.1:195 original/man1/lscpu.1:146
1061 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:160 original/man1/lsirq.1:81
1062 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:194 original/man1/lsmem.1:114
1063 #: original/man1/more.1:240 original/man1/mountpoint.1:98
1064 #: original/man1/namei.1:104 original/man1/newgrp.1:44
1065 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:230 original/man1/prlimit.1:236
1066 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:100 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:127
1067 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:189 original/man1/setsid.1:64
1068 #: original/man1/taskset.1:119 original/man1/uclampset.1:136
1069 #: original/man1/unshare.1:341 original/man1/utmpdump.1:84
1070 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:94 original/man1/uuidparse.1:159
1076 #: original/man1/chfn.1:95 original/man1/choom.1:78 original/man1/chrt.1:177
1077 #: original/man1/chsh.1:72 original/man1/col.1:151 original/man1/colcrt.1:83
1078 #: original/man1/colrm.1:56 original/man1/column.1:252
1079 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:273 original/man1/eject.1:172
1080 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:129 original/man1/fincore.1:79
1081 #: original/man1/flock.1:151 original/man1/getopt.1:176
1082 #: original/man1/ionice.1:155 original/man1/ipcmk.1:76 original/man1/ipcrm.1:99
1083 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:125 original/man1/kill.1:164 original/man1/last.1:214
1084 #: original/man1/line.1:38 original/man1/logger.1:333 original/man1/login.1:203
1085 #: original/man1/look.1:105 original/man1/lscpu.1:151 original/man1/lsipc.1:164
1086 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:198 original/man1/lsmem.1:117
1087 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:83 original/man1/mesg.1:95 original/man1/more.1:247
1088 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:101 original/man1/namei.1:111
1089 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:48 original/man1/nsenter.1:234 original/man1/pg.1:222
1090 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:240 original/man1/rename.1:148
1091 #: original/man1/renice.1:88 original/man1/rev.1:51 original/man1/runuser.1:265
1092 #: original/man1/script.1:182 original/man1/scriptlive.1:110
1093 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:144 original/man1/setpriv.1:192
1094 #: original/man1/setsid.1:67 original/man1/setterm.1:261 original/man1/su.1:283
1095 #: original/man1/taskset.1:125 original/man1/uclampset.1:139
1096 #: original/man1/ul.1:73 original/man1/unshare.1:345
1097 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:87 original/man1/uuidgen.1:97
1098 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:162 original/man1/wall.1:74
1099 #: original/man1/write.1:71
1105 #: original/man1/chfn.1:101
1106 msgid "B<chsh>(1), B<finger>(1), B<login.defs>(5), B<passwd>(5)"
1110 #: original/man1/chfn.1:108
1112 "The B<chfn> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
1117 #: original/man1/choom.1:10
1123 #: original/man1/choom.1:32
1124 msgid "choom - display and adjust OOM-killer score."
1128 #: original/man1/choom.1:34
1129 msgid "B<choom> B<-p> I<PID>"
1133 #: original/man1/choom.1:36
1134 msgid "B<choom> B<-p> I<PID> B<-n> I<number>"
1138 #: original/man1/choom.1:38
1139 msgid "B<choom> B<-n> I<number> [--] I<command> [I<argument> ...]"
1143 #: original/man1/choom.1:41
1145 "The B<choom> command displays and adjusts Out-Of-Memory killer score "
1150 #: original/man1/choom.1:44
1151 msgid "B<-p>, B<--pid> I<pid>"
1155 #: original/man1/choom.1:46
1156 msgid "Specifies process ID."
1160 #: original/man1/choom.1:49
1161 msgid "B<-n>, B<--adjust> I<value>"
1165 #: original/man1/choom.1:51
1166 msgid "Specify the adjust score value."
1170 #: original/man1/choom.1:65
1172 "Linux kernel uses the badness heuristic to select which process gets killed "
1173 "in out of memory conditions."
1177 #: original/man1/choom.1:67
1179 "The badness heuristic assigns a value to each candidate task ranging from 0 "
1180 "(never kill) to 1000 (always kill) to determine which process is "
1181 "targeted. The units are roughly a proportion along that range of allowed "
1182 "memory the process may allocate from based on an estimation of its current "
1183 "memory and swap use. For example, if a task is using all allowed memory, its "
1184 "badness score will be 1000. If it is using half of its allowed memory, its "
1185 "score will be 500."
1189 #: original/man1/choom.1:69
1191 "There is an additional factor included in the badness score: the current "
1192 "memory and swap usage is discounted by 3% for root processes."
1196 #: original/man1/choom.1:71
1198 "The amount of \"allowed\" memory depends on the context in which the oom "
1199 "killer was called. If it is due to the memory assigned to the allocating "
1200 "task\\(cqs cpuset being exhausted, the allowed memory represents the set of "
1201 "mems assigned to that cpuset. If it is due to a mempolicy\\(cqs node(s) "
1202 "being exhausted, the allowed memory represents the set of mempolicy "
1203 "nodes. If it is due to a memory limit (or swap limit) being reached, the "
1204 "allowed memory is that configured limit. Finally, if it is due to the entire "
1205 "system being out of memory, the allowed memory represents all allocatable "
1210 #: original/man1/choom.1:73
1212 "The adjust score value is added to the badness score before it is used to "
1213 "determine which task to kill. Acceptable values range from -1000 to "
1214 "+1000. This allows userspace to polarize the preference for oom killing "
1215 "either by always preferring a certain task or completely disabling it. The "
1216 "lowest possible value, -1000, is equivalent to disabling oom killing "
1217 "entirely for that task since it will always report a badness score of 0."
1221 #: original/man1/choom.1:75
1223 "Setting an adjust score value of +500, for example, is roughly equivalent to "
1224 "allowing the remainder of tasks sharing the same system, cpuset, mempolicy, "
1225 "or memory controller resources to use at least 50% more memory. A value of "
1226 "-500, on the other hand, would be roughly equivalent to discounting 50% of "
1227 "the task\\(cqs allowed memory from being considered as scoring against the "
1232 #: original/man1/choom.1:81
1237 #: original/man1/choom.1:88
1239 "The B<choom> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
1244 #: original/man1/chrt.1:10
1250 #: original/man1/chrt.1:32
1251 msgid "chrt - manipulate the real-time attributes of a process"
1255 #: original/man1/chrt.1:35
1256 msgid "B<chrt> [options] I<priority command argument> ..."
1260 #: original/man1/chrt.1:37
1261 msgid "B<chrt> [options] B<-p> [I<priority>] I<PID>"
1265 #: original/man1/chrt.1:40
1267 "B<chrt> sets or retrieves the real-time scheduling attributes of an existing "
1268 "I<PID>, or runs I<command> with the given attributes."
1272 #: original/man1/chrt.1:40
1278 #: original/man1/chrt.1:43
1279 msgid "B<-o>, B<--other>"
1283 #: original/man1/chrt.1:45
1285 "Set scheduling policy to B<SCHED_OTHER> (time-sharing scheduling). This is "
1286 "the default Linux scheduling policy."
1290 #: original/man1/chrt.1:48
1291 msgid "B<-f>, B<--fifo>"
1295 #: original/man1/chrt.1:50
1296 msgid "Set scheduling policy to B<SCHED_FIFO> (first in-first out)."
1300 #: original/man1/chrt.1:53
1301 msgid "B<-r>, B<--rr>"
1305 #: original/man1/chrt.1:55
1307 "Set scheduling policy to B<SCHED_RR> (round-robin scheduling). When no "
1308 "policy is defined, the B<SCHED_RR> is used as the default."
1312 #: original/man1/chrt.1:58
1313 msgid "B<-b>, B<--batch>"
1317 #: original/man1/chrt.1:60
1319 "Set scheduling policy to B<SCHED_BATCH> (scheduling batch "
1320 "processes). Linux-specific, supported since 2.6.16. The priority argument "
1321 "has to be set to zero."
1325 #: original/man1/chrt.1:63
1326 msgid "B<-i>, B<--idle>"
1330 #: original/man1/chrt.1:65
1332 "Set scheduling policy to B<SCHED_IDLE> (scheduling very low priority "
1333 "jobs). Linux-specific, supported since 2.6.23. The priority argument has to "
1338 #: original/man1/chrt.1:68
1339 msgid "B<-d>, B<--deadline>"
1343 #: original/man1/chrt.1:70
1345 "Set scheduling policy to B<SCHED_DEADLINE> (sporadic task model deadline "
1346 "scheduling). Linux-specific, supported since 3.14. The priority argument has "
1347 "to be set to zero. See also B<--sched-runtime>, B<--sched-deadline> and "
1348 "B<--sched-period>. The relation between the options required by the kernel "
1349 "is runtime \\(lA deadline \\(lA period. B<chrt> copies I<period> to "
1350 "I<deadline> if B<--sched-deadline> is not specified and I<deadline> to "
1351 "I<runtime> if B<--sched-runtime> is not specified. It means that at least "
1352 "B<--sched-period> has to be specified. See B<sched>(7) for more details."
1356 #: original/man1/chrt.1:71
1358 msgid "SCHEDULING OPTIONS"
1362 #: original/man1/chrt.1:74
1363 msgid "B<-T>, B<--sched-runtime> I<nanoseconds>"
1367 #: original/man1/chrt.1:76
1368 msgid "Specifies runtime parameter for B<SCHED_DEADLINE> policy (Linux-specific)."
1372 #: original/man1/chrt.1:79
1373 msgid "B<-P>, B<--sched-period> I<nanoseconds>"
1377 #: original/man1/chrt.1:81
1378 msgid "Specifies period parameter for B<SCHED_DEADLINE> policy (Linux-specific)."
1382 #: original/man1/chrt.1:84
1383 msgid "B<-D>, B<--sched-deadline> I<nanoseconds>"
1387 #: original/man1/chrt.1:86
1388 msgid "Specifies deadline parameter for B<SCHED_DEADLINE> policy (Linux-specific)."
1392 #: original/man1/chrt.1:89 original/man1/uclampset.1:82
1393 msgid "B<-R>, B<--reset-on-fork>"
1397 #: original/man1/chrt.1:91
1399 "Use B<SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK> or B<SCHED_FLAG_RESET_ON_FORK> "
1400 "flag. Linux-specific, supported since 2.6.31."
1404 #: original/man1/chrt.1:94
1406 "Each thread has a I<reset-on-fork> scheduling flag. When this flag is set, "
1407 "children created by B<fork>(2) do not inherit privileged scheduling "
1408 "policies. After the I<reset-on-fork> flag has been enabled, it can be reset "
1409 "only if the thread has the B<CAP_SYS_NICE> capability. This flag is disabled "
1410 "in child processes created by B<fork>(2)."
1414 #: original/man1/chrt.1:96
1416 "More precisely, if the I<reset-on-fork> flag is set, the following rules "
1417 "apply for subsequently created children:"
1421 #: original/man1/chrt.1:106
1423 "If the calling thread has a scheduling policy of B<SCHED_FIFO> or "
1424 "B<SCHED_RR>, the policy is reset to B<SCHED_OTHER> in child processes."
1428 #: original/man1/chrt.1:117
1430 "If the calling process has a negative nice value, the nice value is reset to "
1431 "zero in child processes."
1435 #: original/man1/chrt.1:121 original/man1/taskset.1:77
1436 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:67
1437 msgid "B<-a>, B<--all-tasks>"
1441 #: original/man1/chrt.1:123
1443 "Set or retrieve the scheduling attributes of all the tasks (threads) for a "
1448 #: original/man1/chrt.1:126
1449 msgid "B<-m>, B<--max>"
1453 #: original/man1/chrt.1:128
1454 msgid "Show minimum and maximum valid priorities, then exit."
1458 #: original/man1/chrt.1:131 original/man1/ipcs.1:90 original/man1/kill.1:102
1459 #: original/man1/renice.1:51 original/man1/taskset.1:87
1460 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:72
1461 msgid "B<-p>, B<--pid>"
1465 #: original/man1/chrt.1:133 original/man1/taskset.1:89
1466 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:74
1467 msgid "Operate on an existing PID and do not launch a new task."
1471 #: original/man1/chrt.1:136 original/man1/eject.1:133
1472 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:96 original/man1/hardlink.1:46
1473 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:62 original/man1/mesg.1:58 original/man1/rename.1:46
1474 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:87
1475 msgid "B<-v>, B<--verbose>"
1479 #: original/man1/chrt.1:138 original/man1/uclampset.1:89
1480 msgid "Show status information."
1484 #: original/man1/chrt.1:149 original/man1/taskset.1:100
1485 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:100
1491 #: original/man1/chrt.1:152 original/man1/uclampset.1:103
1492 msgid "The default behavior is to run a new command:"
1496 #: original/man1/chrt.1:154
1497 msgid "B<chrt> I<priority> I<command> [I<arguments>]"
1501 #: original/man1/chrt.1:157
1502 msgid "You can also retrieve the real-time attributes of an existing task:"
1506 #: original/man1/chrt.1:159
1507 msgid "B<chrt -p> I<PID>"
1511 #: original/man1/chrt.1:162 original/man1/uclampset.1:113
1512 msgid "Or set them:"
1516 #: original/man1/chrt.1:164
1517 msgid "B<chrt -r -p> I<priority PID>"
1521 #: original/man1/chrt.1:165 original/man1/taskset.1:116
1522 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:121
1528 #: original/man1/chrt.1:168 original/man1/uclampset.1:124
1530 "A user must possess B<CAP_SYS_NICE> to change the scheduling attributes of a "
1531 "process. Any user can retrieve the scheduling information."
1535 #: original/man1/chrt.1:171
1537 "Only B<SCHED_FIFO>, B<SCHED_OTHER> and B<SCHED_RR> are part of POSIX 1003.1b "
1538 "Process Scheduling. The other scheduling attributes may be ignored on some "
1543 #: original/man1/chrt.1:173
1544 msgid "Linux\\(aq default scheduling policy is B<SCHED_OTHER>."
1548 #: original/man1/chrt.1:183 original/man1/uclampset.1:145
1549 msgid "B<nice>(1), B<renice>(1), B<taskset>(1), B<sched>(7)"
1553 #: original/man1/chrt.1:185
1555 "See B<sched_setscheduler>(2) for a description of the Linux scheduling "
1560 #: original/man1/chrt.1:192
1562 "The B<chrt> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
1567 #: original/man1/chsh.1:10
1573 #: original/man1/chsh.1:32
1574 msgid "chsh - change your login shell"
1578 #: original/man1/chsh.1:35
1579 msgid "B<chsh> [B<-s> I<shell>] [B<-l>] [B<-h>] [B<-v>] [I<username>]"
1583 #: original/man1/chsh.1:38
1585 "B<chsh> is used to change your login shell. If a shell is not given on the "
1586 "command line, B<chsh> prompts for one."
1590 #: original/man1/chsh.1:40
1592 "B<chsh> supports non-local entries (kerberos, LDAP, etc.) if linked with "
1593 "libuser, otherwise use B<ypchsh>(1), B<lchsh>(1) or any other implementation "
1594 "for non-local entries."
1598 #: original/man1/chsh.1:43 original/man1/getopt.1:84
1599 msgid "B<-s>, B<--shell> I<shell>"
1603 #: original/man1/chsh.1:45
1604 msgid "Specify your login shell."
1608 #: original/man1/chsh.1:48
1609 msgid "B<-l>, B<--list-shells>"
1613 #: original/man1/chsh.1:50
1614 msgid "Print the list of shells listed in I</etc/shells> and exit."
1618 #: original/man1/chsh.1:61
1620 msgid "VALID SHELLS"
1624 #: original/man1/chsh.1:64
1625 msgid "B<chsh> will accept the full pathname of any executable file on the system."
1629 #: original/man1/chsh.1:66
1631 "The default behavior for non-root users is to accept only shells listed in "
1632 "the I</etc/shells> file, and issue a warning for root user. It can also be "
1633 "configured at compile-time to only issue a warning for all users."
1637 #: original/man1/chsh.1:78
1638 msgid "B<login>(1), B<login.defs>(5), B<passwd>(5), B<shells>(5)"
1642 #: original/man1/chsh.1:85
1644 "The B<chsh> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
1649 #: original/man1/col.1:10
1655 #: original/man1/col.1:32
1656 msgid "col - filter reverse line feeds from input"
1660 #: original/man1/col.1:35
1661 msgid "B<col> I<options>"
1665 #: original/man1/col.1:38
1667 "B<col> filters out reverse (and half-reverse) line feeds so the output is in "
1668 "the correct order, with only forward and half-forward line feeds. It also "
1669 "replaces any whitespace characters with tabs where possible. This can be "
1670 "useful in processing the output of B<nroff>(1) and B<tbl>(1)."
1674 #: original/man1/col.1:40
1675 msgid "B<col> reads from standard input and writes to standard output."
1679 #: original/man1/col.1:43
1680 msgid "B<-b>, B<--no-backspaces>"
1684 #: original/man1/col.1:45
1686 "Do not output any backspaces, printing only the last character written to "
1687 "each column position."
1691 #: original/man1/col.1:48
1692 msgid "B<-f>, B<--fine>"
1696 #: original/man1/col.1:50
1698 "Permit half-forward line feeds. Normally characters destined for a half-line "
1699 "boundary are printed on the following line."
1703 #: original/man1/col.1:53
1704 msgid "B<-h>, B<--tabs>"
1708 #: original/man1/col.1:55
1709 msgid "Output tabs instead of multiple spaces."
1713 #: original/man1/col.1:58
1714 msgid "B<-l>, B<--lines> I<number>"
1718 #: original/man1/col.1:60
1720 "Buffer at least I<number> lines in memory. By default, 128 lines are "
1725 #: original/man1/col.1:63
1726 msgid "B<-p>, B<--pass>"
1730 #: original/man1/col.1:65
1732 "Force unknown control sequences to be passed through unchanged. Normally "
1733 "B<col> will filter out any control sequences other than those recognized and "
1734 "interpreted by itself, which are listed below."
1738 #: original/man1/col.1:68
1739 msgid "B<-x>, B<--spaces>"
1743 #: original/man1/col.1:70
1744 msgid "Output multiple spaces instead of tabs."
1748 #: original/man1/col.1:78
1749 msgid "B<-H>, B<--help>"
1753 #: original/man1/col.1:81 original/man1/hexdump.1:427 original/man1/ipcs.1:116
1754 #: original/man1/logger.1:320 original/man1/uuidgen.1:88
1756 msgid "CONFORMING TO"
1760 #: original/man1/col.1:84
1762 "The B<col> utility conforms to the Single UNIX Specification, Version 2. The "
1763 "B<-l> option is an extension to the standard."
1767 #: original/man1/col.1:87
1769 "The control sequences for carriage motion that B<col> understands and their "
1770 "decimal values are listed in the following table:"
1774 #: original/man1/col.1:89
1779 #: original/man1/col.1:91
1780 msgid "reverse line feed (escape then 7)"
1784 #: original/man1/col.1:94
1789 #: original/man1/col.1:96
1790 msgid "half reverse line feed (escape then 8)"
1794 #: original/man1/col.1:99
1799 #: original/man1/col.1:101
1800 msgid "half forward line feed (escape then 9)"
1804 #: original/man1/col.1:104
1805 msgid "B<backspace>"
1809 #: original/man1/col.1:106
1810 msgid "moves back one column (8); ignored in the first column"
1814 #: original/man1/col.1:109
1819 #: original/man1/col.1:111
1820 msgid "forward line feed (10); also does carriage return"
1824 #: original/man1/col.1:114
1825 msgid "B<carriage return>"
1829 #: original/man1/col.1:116
1834 #: original/man1/col.1:119
1839 #: original/man1/col.1:121
1840 msgid "shift to normal character set (15)"
1844 #: original/man1/col.1:124
1845 msgid "B<shift out>"
1849 #: original/man1/col.1:126
1850 msgid "shift to alternate character set (14)"
1854 #: original/man1/col.1:129
1859 #: original/man1/col.1:131
1860 msgid "moves forward one column (32)"
1864 #: original/man1/col.1:134
1869 #: original/man1/col.1:136
1870 msgid "moves forward to next tab stop (9)"
1874 #: original/man1/col.1:139
1875 msgid "B<vertical tab>"
1879 #: original/man1/col.1:141
1880 msgid "reverse line feed (11)"
1884 #: original/man1/col.1:144
1885 msgid "All unrecognized control characters and escape sequences are discarded."
1889 #: original/man1/col.1:146
1891 "B<col> keeps track of the character set as characters are read and makes "
1892 "sure the character set is correct when they are output."
1896 #: original/man1/col.1:148
1898 "If the input attempts to back up to the last flushed line, B<col> will "
1899 "display a warning message."
1903 #: original/man1/col.1:151
1904 msgid "A B<col> command appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX."
1908 #: original/man1/col.1:156
1909 msgid "B<expand>(1), B<nroff>(1), B<tbl>(1)"
1913 #: original/man1/col.1:163
1915 "The B<col> command is part of the util-linux package which can be downloaded "
1920 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:10
1926 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:32
1927 msgid "colcrt - filter nroff output for CRT previewing"
1931 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:35
1932 msgid "B<colcrt> [options] [I<file> ...]"
1936 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:38
1938 "B<colcrt> provides virtual half-line and reverse line feed sequences for "
1939 "terminals without such capability, and on which overstriking is "
1940 "destructive. Half-line characters and underlining (changed to dashing "
1941 "`-\\(aq) are placed on new lines in between the normal output lines."
1945 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:41
1946 msgid "B<->, B<--no-underlining>"
1950 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:43
1952 "Suppress all underlining. This option is especially useful for previewing "
1953 "I<allboxed> tables from B<tbl>(1)."
1957 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:46
1958 msgid "B<-2>, B<--half-lines>"
1962 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:48
1964 "Causes all half-lines to be printed, effectively double spacing the "
1965 "output. Normally, a minimal space output format is used which will suppress "
1966 "empty lines. The program never suppresses two consecutive empty lines, "
1967 "however. The B<-2> option is useful for sending output to the line printer "
1968 "when the output contains superscripts and subscripts which would otherwise "
1973 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:62
1974 msgid "The B<colcrt> command appeared in 3.0BSD."
1978 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:65
1980 "Should fold underlines onto blanks even with the B<\\(aq-\\(aq> option so "
1981 "that a true underline character would show."
1985 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:67
1986 msgid "Can\\(cqt back up more than 102 lines."
1990 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:69
1992 "General overstriking is lost; as a special case \\(aq|\\(aq overstruck with "
1993 "\\(aq-\\(aq or underline becomes \\(aq+\\(aq."
1997 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:71
1998 msgid "Lines are trimmed to 132 characters."
2002 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:73
2004 "Some provision should be made for processing superscripts and subscripts in "
2005 "documents which are already double-spaced."
2009 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:73 original/man1/column.1:216
2010 #: original/man1/flock.1:112 original/man1/getopt.1:154
2011 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:430 original/man1/ionice.1:111
2012 #: original/man1/logger.1:323 original/man1/look.1:95
2013 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:210 original/man1/rename.1:114
2014 #: original/man1/renice.1:83 original/man1/scriptlive.1:85
2015 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:112 original/man1/setpriv.1:180
2016 #: original/man1/unshare.1:224 original/man1/uuidgen.1:91
2017 #: original/man1/whereis.1:125
2023 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:76
2024 msgid "A typical use of B<colcrt> would be:"
2028 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:80
2029 msgid "B<tbl exum2.n | nroff -ms | colcrt - | more>"
2033 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:90
2034 msgid "B<col>(1), B<more>(1), B<nroff>(1), B<troff>(1), B<ul>(1)"
2038 #: original/man1/colcrt.1:97
2040 "The B<colcrt> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
2045 #: original/man1/colrm.1:10
2051 #: original/man1/colrm.1:32
2052 msgid "colrm - remove columns from a file"
2056 #: original/man1/colrm.1:35
2057 msgid "B<colrm> I<[first [last]]>"
2061 #: original/man1/colrm.1:38
2063 "B<colrm> removes selected columns from a file. Input is taken from standard "
2064 "input. Output is sent to standard output."
2068 #: original/man1/colrm.1:40
2070 "If called with one parameter the columns of each line will be removed "
2071 "starting with the specified I<first> column. If called with two parameters "
2072 "the columns from the I<first> column to the I<last> column will be removed."
2076 #: original/man1/colrm.1:42
2077 msgid "Column numbering starts with column 1."
2081 #: original/man1/colrm.1:56
2082 msgid "The B<colrm> command appeared in 3.0BSD."
2086 #: original/man1/colrm.1:62
2087 msgid "B<awk>(1p), B<column>(1), B<expand>(1), B<paste>(1)"
2091 #: original/man1/colrm.1:69
2093 "The B<colrm> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
2098 #: original/man1/column.1:10
2104 #: original/man1/column.1:32
2105 msgid "column - columnate lists"
2109 #: original/man1/column.1:35
2110 msgid "B<column> [options] [I<file> ...]"
2114 #: original/man1/column.1:38
2116 "The B<column> utility formats its input into multiple columns. The util "
2117 "support three modes:"
2121 #: original/man1/column.1:40
2122 msgid "B<columns are filled before rows>"
2126 #: original/man1/column.1:42
2127 msgid "This is the default mode (required by backward compatibility)."
2131 #: original/man1/column.1:45
2132 msgid "B<rows are filled before columns>"
2136 #: original/man1/column.1:47
2137 msgid "This mode is enabled by option B<-x, --fillrows>"
2141 #: original/man1/column.1:50
2146 #: original/man1/column.1:52
2148 "Determine the number of columns the input contains and create a table. This "
2149 "mode is enabled by option B<-t, --table> and columns formatting is possible "
2150 "to modify by B<--table->* options. Use this mode if not sure."
2154 #: original/man1/column.1:55
2156 "Input is taken from I<file>, or otherwise from standard input. Empty lines "
2157 "are ignored and all invalid multibyte sequences are encoded by "
2158 "xE<lt>hexE<gt> convention."
2162 #: original/man1/column.1:58
2164 "The argument I<columns> for B<--table->* options is a comma separated list "
2165 "of the column names as defined by B<--table-columns> or it\\(cqs column "
2166 "number in order as specified by input. It\\(cqs possible to mix names and "
2167 "numbers. The special placeholder \\(aq0\\(aq (e.g. -R0) may be used to "
2168 "specify all columns."
2172 #: original/man1/column.1:60
2173 msgid "B<-J, --json>"
2177 #: original/man1/column.1:62
2179 "Use JSON output format to print the table, the option B<--table-columns> is "
2180 "required and the option B<--table-name> is recommended."
2184 #: original/man1/column.1:65
2185 msgid "B<-c, --output-width> I<width>"
2189 #: original/man1/column.1:67
2191 "Output is formatted to a width specified as number of characters. The "
2192 "original name of this option is B<--columns>; this name is deprecated since "
2193 "v2.30. Note that input longer than I<width> is not truncated by default."
2197 #: original/man1/column.1:70
2198 msgid "B<-d, --table-noheadings>"
2202 #: original/man1/column.1:72
2204 "Do not print header. This option allows the use of logical column names on "
2205 "the command line, but keeps the header hidden when printing the table."
2209 #: original/man1/column.1:75
2210 msgid "B<-o, --output-separator> I<string>"
2214 #: original/man1/column.1:77
2215 msgid "Specify the columns delimiter for table output (default is two spaces)."
2219 #: original/man1/column.1:80
2220 msgid "B<-s, --separator> I<separators>"
2224 #: original/man1/column.1:82
2225 msgid "Specify the possible input item delimiters (default is whitespace)."
2229 #: original/man1/column.1:85
2230 msgid "B<-t, --table>"
2234 #: original/man1/column.1:87
2236 "Determine the number of columns the input contains and create a "
2237 "table. Columns are delimited with whitespace, by default, or with the "
2238 "characters supplied using the B<--output-separator> option. Table output is "
2239 "useful for pretty-printing."
2243 #: original/man1/column.1:90
2244 msgid "B<-N, --table-columns> I<names>"
2248 #: original/man1/column.1:92
2250 "Specify the columns names by comma separated list of names. The names are "
2251 "used for the table header or to address column in option arguments."
2255 #: original/man1/column.1:95
2256 msgid "B<-l, --table-columns-limit> I<number>"
2260 #: original/man1/column.1:97
2262 "Specify maximal number of the input columns. The last column will contain "
2263 "all remaining line data if the limit is smaller than the number of the "
2264 "columns in the input data."
2268 #: original/man1/column.1:100
2269 msgid "B<-R, --table-right> I<columns>"
2273 #: original/man1/column.1:102
2274 msgid "Right align text in the specified columns."
2278 #: original/man1/column.1:105
2279 msgid "B<-T, --table-truncate> I<columns>"
2283 #: original/man1/column.1:107
2285 "Specify columns where text can be truncated when necessary, otherwise very "
2286 "long table entries may be printed on multiple lines."
2290 #: original/man1/column.1:110
2291 msgid "B<-E, --table-noextreme> I<columns>"
2295 #: original/man1/column.1:112
2297 "Specify columns where is possible to ignore unusually long (longer than "
2298 "average) cells when calculate column width. The option has impact to the "
2299 "width calculation and table formatting, but the printed text is not "
2304 #: original/man1/column.1:114
2305 msgid "The option is used for the last visible column by default."
2309 #: original/man1/column.1:117
2310 msgid "B<-e, --table-header-repeat>"
2314 #: original/man1/column.1:119
2315 msgid "Print header line for each page."
2319 #: original/man1/column.1:122
2320 msgid "B<-W, --table-wrap> I<columns>"
2324 #: original/man1/column.1:124
2326 "Specify columns where is possible to use multi-line cell for long text when "
2331 #: original/man1/column.1:127
2332 msgid "B<-H, --table-hide> I<columns>"
2336 #: original/man1/column.1:129
2338 "Don\\(cqt print specified columns. The special placeholder \\(aq-\\(aq may "
2339 "be used to hide all unnamed columns (see B<--table-columns>)."
2343 #: original/man1/column.1:132
2344 msgid "B<-O, --table-order> I<columns>"
2348 #: original/man1/column.1:134
2349 msgid "Specify columns order on output."
2353 #: original/man1/column.1:137
2354 msgid "B<-n, --table-name> I<name>"
2358 #: original/man1/column.1:139
2359 msgid "Specify the table name used for JSON output. The default is \"table\"."
2363 #: original/man1/column.1:142
2364 msgid "B<-L, --keep-empty-lines>"
2368 #: original/man1/column.1:144
2370 "Preserve whitespace-only lines in the input. The default is ignore empty "
2371 "lines at all. This option\\(cqs original name was B<--table-empty-lines> but "
2372 "is now deprecated because it gives the false impression that the option only "
2373 "applies to table mode."
2377 #: original/man1/column.1:147
2378 msgid "B<-r, --tree> I<column>"
2382 #: original/man1/column.1:149
2384 "Specify column to use tree-like output. Note that the circular dependencies "
2385 "and other anomalies in child and parent relation are silently ignored."
2389 #: original/man1/column.1:152
2390 msgid "B<-i, --tree-id> I<column>"
2394 #: original/man1/column.1:154
2395 msgid "Specify column with line ID to create child-parent relation."
2399 #: original/man1/column.1:157
2400 msgid "B<-p, --tree-parent> I<column>"
2404 #: original/man1/column.1:159
2405 msgid "Specify column with parent ID to create child-parent relation."
2409 #: original/man1/column.1:162
2410 msgid "B<-x, --fillrows>"
2414 #: original/man1/column.1:164
2415 msgid "Fill rows before filling columns."
2419 #: original/man1/column.1:172 original/man1/prlimit.1:93
2420 msgid "B<-h, --help>"
2424 #: original/man1/column.1:175 original/man1/getopt.1:157
2425 #: original/man1/look.1:75 original/man1/more.1:209
2426 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:89 original/man1/pg.1:189
2427 #: original/man1/script.1:146 original/man1/ul.1:59 original/man1/whereis.1:119
2433 #: original/man1/column.1:178
2435 "The environment variable B<COLUMNS> is used to determine the size of the "
2436 "screen if no other information is available."
2440 #: original/man1/column.1:181
2441 msgid "The column command appeared in 4.3BSD-Reno."
2445 #: original/man1/column.1:184
2446 msgid "Version 2.23 changed the B<-s> option to be non-greedy, for example:"
2450 #: original/man1/column.1:189
2452 msgid "printf \"a:b:c\\(rsn1::3\\(rsn\" | column -t -s \\(aq:\\(aq\n"
2456 #: original/man1/column.1:194
2461 #: original/man1/column.1:200
2469 #: original/man1/column.1:205
2470 msgid "New output (since util-linux 2.23):"
2474 #: original/man1/column.1:211
2482 #: original/man1/column.1:216
2484 "Historical versions of this tool indicated that \"rows are filled before "
2485 "columns\" by default, and that the B<-x> option reverses this. This wording "
2486 "did not reflect the actual behavior, and it has since been corrected (see "
2487 "above). Other implementations of B<column> may continue to use the older "
2488 "documentation, but the behavior should be identical in any case."
2492 #: original/man1/column.1:219
2493 msgid "Print fstab with header line and align number to the right:"
2497 #: original/man1/column.1:224
2500 "sed \\(aqs/#.*//\\(aq /etc/fstab | column --table --table-columns "
2501 "SOURCE,TARGET,TYPE,OPTIONS,PASS,FREQ --table-right PASS,FREQ\n"
2505 #: original/man1/column.1:229
2506 msgid "Print fstab and hide unnamed columns:"
2510 #: original/man1/column.1:234
2513 "sed \\(aqs/#.*//\\(aq /etc/fstab | column --table --table-columns "
2514 "SOURCE,TARGET,TYPE --table-hide -\n"
2518 #: original/man1/column.1:239
2519 msgid "Print a tree:"
2523 #: original/man1/column.1:249
2526 "echo -e \\(aq1 0 A\\(rsn2 1 AA\\(rsn3 1 AB\\(rsn4 2 AAA\\(rsn5 2 AAB\\(aq | "
2527 "column --tree-id 1 --tree-parent 2 --tree 3\n"
2536 #: original/man1/column.1:258
2537 msgid "B<colrm>(1), B<ls>(1), B<paste>(1), B<sort>(1)"
2541 #: original/man1/column.1:265
2543 "The B<column> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
2548 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:10
2554 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:32
2555 msgid "dmesg - print or control the kernel ring buffer"
2559 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:35
2560 msgid "B<dmesg> [options]"
2564 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:37
2565 msgid "B<dmesg> B<--clear>"
2569 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:39
2570 msgid "B<dmesg> B<--read-clear> [options]"
2574 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:41
2575 msgid "B<dmesg> B<--console-level> I<level>"
2579 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:43
2580 msgid "B<dmesg> B<--console-on>"
2584 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:45
2585 msgid "B<dmesg> B<--console-off>"
2589 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:48
2590 msgid "B<dmesg> is used to examine or control the kernel ring buffer."
2594 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:50
2595 msgid "The default action is to display all messages from the kernel ring buffer."
2599 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:53
2601 "The B<--clear>, B<--read-clear>, B<--console-on>, B<--console-off>, and "
2602 "B<--console-level> options are mutually exclusive."
2606 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:55
2607 msgid "B<-C>, B<--clear>"
2611 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:57
2612 msgid "Clear the ring buffer."
2616 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:60
2617 msgid "B<-c>, B<--read-clear>"
2621 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:62
2622 msgid "Clear the ring buffer after first printing its contents."
2626 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:65
2627 msgid "B<-D>, B<--console-off>"
2631 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:67
2632 msgid "Disable the printing of messages to the console."
2636 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:70
2637 msgid "B<-d>, B<--show-delta>"
2641 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:72
2643 "Display the timestamp and the time delta spent between messages. If used "
2644 "together with B<--notime> then only the time delta without the timestamp is "
2649 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:75
2650 msgid "B<-E>, B<--console-on>"
2654 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:77
2655 msgid "Enable printing messages to the console."
2659 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:80
2660 msgid "B<-e>, B<--reltime>"
2664 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:82
2666 "Display the local time and the delta in human-readable format. Be aware that "
2667 "conversion to the local time could be inaccurate (see B<-T> for more "
2672 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:85
2673 msgid "B<-F>, B<--file> I<file>"
2677 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:87
2679 "Read the syslog messages from the given I<file>. Note that B<-F> does not "
2680 "support messages in kmsg format. The old syslog format is supported only."
2684 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:90
2685 msgid "B<-f>, B<--facility> I<list>"
2689 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:92
2691 "Restrict output to the given (comma-separated) I<list> of facilities. For "
2696 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:94
2697 msgid "B<dmesg --facility=daemon>"
2701 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:96
2703 "will print messages from system daemons only. For all supported facilities "
2704 "see the B<--help> output."
2708 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:99
2709 msgid "B<-H>, B<--human>"
2713 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:101
2715 "Enable human-readable output. See also B<--color>, B<--reltime> and "
2720 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:104
2721 msgid "B<-k>, B<--kernel>"
2725 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:106
2726 msgid "Print kernel messages."
2730 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:109 original/man1/hexdump.1:74
2731 msgid "B<-L>, B<--color>[=I<when>]"
2735 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:111
2737 "Colorize the output. The optional argument I<when> can be B<auto>, B<never> "
2738 "or B<always>. If the I<when> argument is omitted, it defaults to "
2739 "B<auto>. The colors can be disabled; for the current built-in default see "
2740 "the B<--help> output. See also the B<COLORS> section below."
2744 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:114
2745 msgid "B<-l>, B<--level> I<list>"
2749 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:116
2751 "Restrict output to the given (comma-separated) I<list> of levels. For "
2756 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:118
2757 msgid "B<dmesg --level=err,warn>"
2761 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:120
2763 "will print error and warning messages only. For all supported levels see the "
2768 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:123
2769 msgid "B<-n>, B<--console-level> I<level>"
2773 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:125
2775 "Set the I<level> at which printing of messages is done to the console. The "
2776 "I<level> is a level number or abbreviation of the level name. For all "
2777 "supported levels see the B<--help> output."
2781 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:127
2783 "For example, B<-n 1> or B<-n emerg> prevents all messages, except emergency "
2784 "(panic) messages, from appearing on the console. All levels of messages are "
2785 "still written to I</proc/kmsg>, so B<syslogd>(8) can still be used to "
2786 "control exactly where kernel messages appear. When the B<-n> option is used, "
2787 "B<dmesg> will I<not> print or clear the kernel ring buffer."
2791 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:130
2792 msgid "B<--noescape>"
2796 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:132
2798 "The unprintable and potentially unsafe characters (e.g., broken multi-byte "
2799 "sequences, terminal controlling chars, etc.) are escaped in format "
2800 "\\(rsxE<lt>hexE<gt> for security reason by default. This option disables "
2801 "this feature at all. It\\(cqs usable for example for debugging purpose "
2802 "together with B<--raw>. Be careful and don\\(cqt use it by default."
2806 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:135
2807 msgid "B<-P>, B<--nopager>"
2811 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:137
2813 "Do not pipe output into a pager. A pager is enabled by default for "
2814 "B<--human> output."
2818 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:140
2819 msgid "B<-p>, B<--force-prefix>"
2823 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:142
2825 "Add facility, level or timestamp information to each line of a multi-line "
2830 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:145 original/man1/fincore.1:58
2831 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:123 original/man1/lslogins.1:129
2832 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:91 original/man1/uuidparse.1:146
2833 msgid "B<-r>, B<--raw>"
2837 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:147
2839 "Print the raw message buffer, i.e., do not strip the log-level prefixes, but "
2840 "all unprintable characters are still escaped (see also B<--noescape>)."
2844 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:149
2846 "Note that the real raw format depends on the method how B<dmesg> reads "
2847 "kernel messages. The I</dev/kmsg> device uses a different format than "
2848 "B<syslog>(2). For backward compatibility, B<dmesg> returns data always in "
2849 "the B<syslog>(2) format. It is possible to read the real raw data from "
2850 "I</dev/kmsg> by, for example, the command \\(aqdd if=/dev/kmsg "
2851 "iflag=nonblock\\(aq."
2855 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:152
2856 msgid "B<-S>, B<--syslog>"
2860 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:154
2862 "Force B<dmesg> to use the B<syslog>(2) kernel interface to read kernel "
2863 "messages. The default is to use I</dev/kmsg> rather than B<syslog>(2) since "
2868 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:157
2869 msgid "B<-s>, B<--buffer-size> I<size>"
2873 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:159
2875 "Use a buffer of I<size> to query the kernel ring buffer. This is 16392 by "
2876 "default. (The default kernel syslog buffer size was 4096 at first, 8192 "
2877 "since 1.3.54, 16384 since 2.1.113.) If you have set the kernel buffer to be "
2878 "larger than the default, then this option can be used to view the entire "
2883 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:162
2884 msgid "B<-T>, B<--ctime>"
2888 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:164
2889 msgid "Print human-readable timestamps."
2893 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:166
2895 "B<Be aware that the timestamp could be inaccurate!> The B<time> source used "
2896 "for the logs is B<not updated after> system B<SUSPEND>/B<RESUME>. Timestamps "
2897 "are adjusted according to current delta between boottime and monotonic "
2898 "clocks, this works only for messages printed after last resume."
2902 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:169
2903 msgid "B<--since> I<time>"
2907 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:171
2909 "Display record since the specified time. The time is possible to specify in "
2910 "absolute way as well as by relative notation (e.g. \\(aq1 hour ago\\(aq). Be "
2911 "aware that the timestamp could be inaccurate and see B<--ctime> for more "
2916 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:174
2917 msgid "B<--until> I<time>"
2921 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:176
2923 "Display record until the specified time. The time is possible to specify in "
2924 "absolute way as well as by relative notation (e.g. \\(aq1 hour ago\\(aq). Be "
2925 "aware that the timestamp could be inaccurate and see B<--ctime> for more "
2930 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:179
2931 msgid "B<-t>, B<--notime>"
2935 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:181
2936 msgid "Do not print kernel\\(cqs timestamps."
2940 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:184 original/man1/last.1:99
2941 msgid "B<--time-format> I<format>"
2945 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:186
2947 "Print timestamps using the given I<format>, which can be B<ctime>, "
2948 "B<reltime>, B<delta> or B<iso>. The first three formats are aliases of the "
2949 "time-format-specific options. The B<iso> format is a B<dmesg> implementation "
2950 "of the ISO-8601 timestamp format. The purpose of this format is to make the "
2951 "comparing of timestamps between two systems, and any other parsing, "
2952 "easy. The definition of the B<iso> timestamp is: "
2953 "YYYY-MM-DDE<lt>TE<gt>HH:MM:SS,E<lt>microsecondsE<gt>\\(E<lt>-+E<gt>E<lt>timezone "
2954 "offset from UTCE<gt>."
2958 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:188
2960 "The B<iso> format has the same issue as B<ctime>: the time may be inaccurate "
2961 "when a system is suspended and resumed."
2965 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:191
2966 msgid "B<-u>, B<--userspace>"
2970 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:193
2971 msgid "Print userspace messages."
2975 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:196
2976 msgid "B<-w>, B<--follow>"
2980 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:198
2982 "Wait for new messages. This feature is supported only on systems with a "
2983 "readable I</dev/kmsg> (since kernel 3.5.0)."
2987 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:201
2988 msgid "B<-W>, B<--follow-new>"
2992 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:203
2993 msgid "Wait and print only new messages."
2997 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:206
2998 msgid "B<-x>, B<--decode>"
3002 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:208
3003 msgid "Decode facility and level (priority) numbers to human-readable prefixes."
3007 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:222
3009 "Implicit coloring can be disabled by an empty file "
3010 "I</etc/terminal-colors.d/dmesg.disable>. See B<terminal-colors.d>(5) for "
3011 "more details about colorization configuration."
3015 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:224
3016 msgid "The logical color names supported by B<dmesg> are:"
3020 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:226
3025 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:228
3026 msgid "The message sub-system prefix (e.g., \"ACPI:\")."
3030 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:231
3035 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:233
3036 msgid "The message timestamp."
3040 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:236
3041 msgid "B<timebreak>"
3045 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:238
3047 "The message timestamp in short ctime format in B<--reltime> or B<--human> "
3052 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:241 original/man1/logger.1:299
3057 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:243
3058 msgid "The text of the message with the alert log priority."
3062 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:246 original/man1/logger.1:301
3067 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:248
3068 msgid "The text of the message with the critical log priority."
3072 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:251 original/man1/logger.1:303
3077 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:253
3078 msgid "The text of the message with the error log priority."
3082 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:256
3087 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:258
3088 msgid "The text of the message with the warning log priority."
3092 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:261
3097 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:263
3098 msgid "The text of the message that inform about segmentation fault."
3102 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:267
3104 "B<dmesg> can fail reporting permission denied error. This is usually caused "
3105 "by B<dmesg_restrict> kernel setting, please see B<syslog>(2) for more "
3110 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:272
3111 msgid "B<dmesg> was originally written by"
3115 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:277
3116 msgid "B<terminal-colors.d>(5), B<syslogd>(8)"
3120 #: original/man1/dmesg.1:284
3122 "The B<dmesg> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
3127 #: original/man1/eject.1:10
3133 #: original/man1/eject.1:32
3134 msgid "eject - eject removable media"
3138 #: original/man1/eject.1:34
3139 msgid "B<eject> [options] I<device>|I<mountpoint>"
3143 #: original/man1/eject.1:37
3145 "B<eject> allows removable media (typically a CD-ROM, floppy disk, tape, JAZ, "
3146 "ZIP or USB disk) to be ejected under software control. The command can also "
3147 "control some multi-disc CD-ROM changers, the auto-eject feature supported by "
3148 "some devices, and close the disc tray of some CD-ROM drives."
3152 #: original/man1/eject.1:39
3154 "The device corresponding to I<device> or I<mountpoint> is ejected. If no "
3155 "name is specified, the default name B</dev/cdrom> is used. The device may be "
3156 "addressed by device name (e.g., \\(aqsda\\(aq), device path (e.g., "
3157 "\\(aq/dev/sda\\(aq), UUID=I<uuid> or LABEL=I<label> tags."
3161 #: original/man1/eject.1:41
3163 "There are four different methods of ejecting, depending on whether the "
3164 "device is a CD-ROM, SCSI device, removable floppy, or tape. By default "
3165 "B<eject> tries all four methods in order until it succeeds."
3169 #: original/man1/eject.1:43
3170 msgid "If a device partition is specified, the whole-disk device is used."
3174 #: original/man1/eject.1:45
3176 "If the device or a device partition is currently mounted, it is unmounted "
3177 "before ejecting. The eject is processed on exclusive open block device file "
3178 "descriptor if B<--no-unmount> or B<--force> are not specified."
3182 #: original/man1/eject.1:48
3183 msgid "B<-a>, B<--auto on>|B<off>"
3187 #: original/man1/eject.1:50
3189 "This option controls the auto-eject mode, supported by some devices. When "
3190 "enabled, the drive automatically ejects when the device is closed."
3194 #: original/man1/eject.1:53
3195 msgid "B<-c>, B<--changerslot> I<slot>"
3199 #: original/man1/eject.1:55
3201 "With this option a CD slot can be selected from an ATAPI/IDE CD-ROM "
3202 "changer. The CD-ROM drive cannot be in use (mounted data CD or playing a "
3203 "music CD) for a change request to work. Please also note that the first slot "
3204 "of the changer is referred to as 0, not 1."
3208 #: original/man1/eject.1:58
3209 msgid "B<-d>, B<--default>"
3213 #: original/man1/eject.1:60
3214 msgid "List the default device name."
3218 #: original/man1/eject.1:63
3219 msgid "B<-F>, B<--force>"
3223 #: original/man1/eject.1:65
3225 "Force eject, don\\(cqt check device type, don\\(cqt open device with "
3226 "exclusive lock. The successful result may be false positive on non "
3227 "hot-pluggable devices."
3231 #: original/man1/eject.1:68
3232 msgid "B<-f>, B<--floppy>"
3236 #: original/man1/eject.1:70
3238 "This option specifies that the drive should be ejected using a removable "
3239 "floppy disk eject command."
3243 #: original/man1/eject.1:78
3244 msgid "B<-i>, B<--manualeject on>|B<off>"
3248 #: original/man1/eject.1:80
3250 "This option controls locking of the hardware eject button. When enabled, the "
3251 "drive will not be ejected when the button is pressed. This is useful when "
3252 "you are carrying a laptop in a bag or case and don\\(cqt want it to eject if "
3253 "the button is inadvertently pressed."
3257 #: original/man1/eject.1:83
3258 msgid "B<-M>, B<--no-partitions-unmount>"
3262 #: original/man1/eject.1:85
3264 "The option tells eject to not try to unmount other partitions on partitioned "
3265 "devices. If another partition is still mounted, the program will not attempt "
3266 "to eject the media. It will attempt to unmount only the device or mountpoint "
3267 "given on the command line."
3271 #: original/man1/eject.1:88
3272 msgid "B<-m>, B<--no-unmount>"
3276 #: original/man1/eject.1:90
3278 "The option tells eject to not try to unmount at all. If this option is not "
3279 "specified than B<eject> opens the device with B<O_EXCL> flag to be sure that "
3280 "the device is not used (since v2.35)."
3284 #: original/man1/eject.1:93
3285 msgid "B<-n>, B<--noop>"
3289 #: original/man1/eject.1:95
3291 "With this option the selected device is displayed but no action is "
3296 #: original/man1/eject.1:98
3297 msgid "B<-p>, B<--proc>"
3301 #: original/man1/eject.1:100
3303 "This option allows you to use I</proc/mounts> instead I</etc/mtab>. It also "
3304 "passes the B<-n> option to B<umount>(8)."
3308 #: original/man1/eject.1:103
3309 msgid "B<-q>, B<--tape>"
3313 #: original/man1/eject.1:105
3315 "This option specifies that the drive should be ejected using a tape drive "
3320 #: original/man1/eject.1:108
3321 msgid "B<-r>, B<--cdrom>"
3325 #: original/man1/eject.1:110
3327 "This option specifies that the drive should be ejected using a CDROM eject "
3332 #: original/man1/eject.1:113
3333 msgid "B<-s>, B<--scsi>"
3337 #: original/man1/eject.1:115
3338 msgid "This option specifies that the drive should be ejected using SCSI commands."
3342 #: original/man1/eject.1:118
3343 msgid "B<-T>, B<--traytoggle>"
3347 #: original/man1/eject.1:120
3349 "With this option the drive is given a CD-ROM tray close command if it\\(cqs "
3350 "opened, and a CD-ROM tray eject command if it\\(cqs closed. Not all devices "
3351 "support this command, because it uses the above CD-ROM tray close command."
3355 #: original/man1/eject.1:123
3356 msgid "B<-t>, B<--trayclose>"
3360 #: original/man1/eject.1:125
3362 "With this option the drive is given a CD-ROM tray close command. Not all "
3363 "devices support this command."
3367 #: original/man1/eject.1:135
3369 "Run in verbose mode; more information is displayed about what the command is "
3374 #: original/man1/eject.1:138
3375 msgid "B<-X>, B<--listspeed>"
3379 #: original/man1/eject.1:140
3381 "With this option the CD-ROM drive will be probed to detect the available "
3382 "speeds. The output is a list of speeds which can be used as an argument of "
3383 "the B<-x> option. This only works with Linux 2.6.13 or higher, on previous "
3384 "versions solely the maximum speed will be reported. Also note that some "
3385 "drives may not correctly report the speed and therefore this option does not "
3390 #: original/man1/eject.1:143
3391 msgid "B<-x>, B<--cdspeed> I<speed>"
3395 #: original/man1/eject.1:145
3397 "With this option the drive is given a CD-ROM select speed command. The "
3398 "I<speed> argument is a number indicating the desired speed (e.g., 8 for 8X "
3399 "speed), or 0 for maximum data rate. Not all devices support this command and "
3400 "you can only specify speeds that the drive is capable of. Every time the "
3401 "media is changed this option is cleared. This option can be used alone, or "
3402 "with the B<-t> and B<-c> options."
3406 #: original/man1/eject.1:152
3408 "B<eject> only works with devices that support one or more of the four "
3409 "methods of ejecting. This includes most CD-ROM drives (IDE, SCSI, and "
3410 "proprietary), some SCSI tape drives, JAZ drives, ZIP drives (parallel port, "
3411 "SCSI, and IDE versions), and LS120 removable floppies. Users have also "
3412 "reported success with floppy drives on Sun SPARC and Apple Macintosh "
3413 "systems. If B<eject> does not work, it is most likely a limitation of the "
3414 "kernel driver for the device and not the B<eject> program itself."
3418 #: original/man1/eject.1:154
3420 "The B<-r>, B<-s>, B<-f>, and B<-q> options allow controlling which methods "
3421 "are used to eject. More than one method can be specified. If none of these "
3422 "options are specified, it tries all four (this works fine in most cases)."
3426 #: original/man1/eject.1:156
3428 "B<eject> may not always be able to determine if the device is mounted (e.g., "
3429 "if it has several names). If the device name is a symbolic link, B<eject> "
3430 "will follow the link and use the device that it points to."
3434 #: original/man1/eject.1:158
3436 "If B<eject> determines that the device can have multiple partitions, it will "
3437 "attempt to unmount all mounted partitions of the device before ejecting (see "
3438 "also B<--no-partitions-unmount>). If an unmount fails, the program will not "
3439 "attempt to eject the media."
3443 #: original/man1/eject.1:160
3445 "You can eject an audio CD. Some CD-ROM drives will refuse to open the tray "
3446 "if the drive is empty. Some devices do not support the tray close command."
3450 #: original/man1/eject.1:162
3452 "If the auto-eject feature is enabled, then the drive will always be ejected "
3453 "after running this command. Not all Linux kernel CD-ROM drivers support the "
3454 "auto-eject mode. There is no way to find out the state of the auto-eject "
3459 #: original/man1/eject.1:164
3461 "You need appropriate privileges to access the device files. Running as root "
3462 "is required to eject some devices (e.g., SCSI devices)."
3466 #: original/man1/eject.1:168
3467 msgid "- original author,"
3471 #: original/man1/eject.1:170 original/man1/logger.1:332
3472 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:134
3477 #: original/man1/eject.1:172
3478 msgid "- util-linux version."
3482 #: original/man1/eject.1:178
3483 msgid "B<findmnt>(8), B<lsblk>(8), B<mount>(8), B<umount>(8)"
3487 #: original/man1/eject.1:185
3489 "The B<eject> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
3494 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:10
3500 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:32
3501 msgid "fallocate - preallocate or deallocate space to a file"
3505 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:35
3507 "B<fallocate> [B<-c>|B<-p>|B<-z>] [B<-o> I<offset>] B<-l> I<length> [B<-n>] "
3512 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:37
3513 msgid "B<fallocate> B<-d> [B<-o> I<offset>] [B<-l> I<length>] I<filename>"
3517 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:39
3518 msgid "B<fallocate> B<-x> [B<-o> I<offset>] B<-l> I<length filename>"
3522 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:42
3524 "B<fallocate> is used to manipulate the allocated disk space for a file, "
3525 "either to deallocate or preallocate it. For filesystems which support the "
3526 "fallocate system call, preallocation is done quickly by allocating blocks "
3527 "and marking them as uninitialized, requiring no IO to the data blocks. This "
3528 "is much faster than creating a file by filling it with zeroes."
3532 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:44
3533 msgid "The exit status returned by B<fallocate> is 0 on success and 1 on failure."
3537 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:47
3539 "The I<length> and I<offset> arguments may be followed by the multiplicative "
3540 "suffixes KiB (=1024), MiB (=1024*1024), and so on for GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, "
3541 "ZiB, and YiB (the \"iB\" is optional, e.g., \"K\" has the same meaning as "
3542 "\"KiB\") or the suffixes KB (=1000), MB (=1000*1000), and so on for GB, TB, "
3543 "PB, EB, ZB, and YB."
3547 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:49
3549 "The options B<--collapse-range>, B<--dig-holes>, B<--punch-hole>, and "
3550 "B<--zero-range> are mutually exclusive."
3554 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:51
3555 msgid "B<-c>, B<--collapse-range>"
3559 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:53
3561 "Removes a byte range from a file, without leaving a hole. The byte range to "
3562 "be collapsed starts at I<offset> and continues for I<length> bytes. At the "
3563 "completion of the operation, the contents of the file starting at the "
3564 "location I<offset>+I<length> will be appended at the location I<offset>, and "
3565 "the file will be I<length> bytes smaller. The option B<--keep-size> may not "
3566 "be specified for the collapse-range operation."
3570 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:55
3571 msgid "Available since Linux 3.15 for ext4 (only for extent-based files) and XFS."
3575 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:57
3577 "A filesystem may place limitations on the granularity of the operation, in "
3578 "order to ensure efficient implementation. Typically, offset and len must be "
3579 "a multiple of the filesystem logical block size, which varies according to "
3580 "the filesystem type and configuration. If a filesystem has such a "
3581 "requirement, the operation will fail with the error EINVAL if this "
3582 "requirement is violated."
3586 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:60
3587 msgid "B<-d>, B<--dig-holes>"
3591 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:62
3593 "Detect and dig holes. This makes the file sparse in-place, without using "
3594 "extra disk space. The minimum size of the hole depends on filesystem I/O "
3595 "block size (usually 4096 bytes). Also, when using this option, "
3596 "B<--keep-size> is implied. If no range is specified by B<--offset> and "
3597 "B<--length>, then the entire file is analyzed for holes."
3601 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:64
3603 "You can think of this option as doing a \"B<cp --sparse>\" and then renaming "
3604 "the destination file to the original, without the need for extra disk space."
3608 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:66
3609 msgid "See B<--punch-hole> for a list of supported filesystems."
3613 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:69
3614 msgid "B<-i>, B<--insert-range>"
3618 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:71
3619 msgid "Insert a hole of I<length> bytes from I<offset>, shifting existing data."
3623 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:74
3624 msgid "B<-l>, B<--length> I<length>"
3628 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:76
3629 msgid "Specifies the length of the range, in bytes."
3633 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:79
3634 msgid "B<-n>, B<--keep-size>"
3638 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:81
3640 "Do not modify the apparent length of the file. This may effectively allocate "
3641 "blocks past EOF, which can be removed with a truncate."
3645 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:84
3646 msgid "B<-o>, B<--offset> I<offset>"
3650 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:86
3651 msgid "Specifies the beginning offset of the range, in bytes."
3655 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:89
3656 msgid "B<-p>, B<--punch-hole>"
3660 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:91
3662 "Deallocates space (i.e., creates a hole) in the byte range starting at "
3663 "I<offset> and continuing for I<length> bytes. Within the specified range, "
3664 "partial filesystem blocks are zeroed, and whole filesystem blocks are "
3665 "removed from the file. After a successful call, subsequent reads from this "
3666 "range will return zeroes. This option may not be specified at the same time "
3667 "as the B<--zero-range> option. Also, when using this option, B<--keep-size> "
3672 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:93
3674 "Supported for XFS (since Linux 2.6.38), ext4 (since Linux 3.0), Btrfs (since "
3675 "Linux 3.7), tmpfs (since Linux 3.5) and gfs2 (since Linux 4.16)."
3679 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:98
3680 msgid "Enable verbose mode."
3684 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:101
3685 msgid "B<-x>, B<--posix>"
3689 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:103
3691 "Enable POSIX operation mode. In that mode allocation operation always "
3692 "completes, but it may take longer time when fast allocation is not supported "
3693 "by the underlying filesystem."
3697 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:106
3698 msgid "B<-z>, B<--zero-range>"
3702 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:108
3704 "Zeroes space in the byte range starting at I<offset> and continuing for "
3705 "I<length> bytes. Within the specified range, blocks are preallocated for the "
3706 "regions that span the holes in the file. After a successful call, subsequent "
3707 "reads from this range will return zeroes."
3711 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:110
3713 "Zeroing is done within the filesystem preferably by converting the range "
3714 "into unwritten extents. This approach means that the specified range will "
3715 "not be physically zeroed out on the device (except for partial blocks at the "
3716 "either end of the range), and I/O is (otherwise) required only to update "
3721 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:112
3722 msgid "Option B<--keep-size> can be specified to prevent file length modification."
3726 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:114
3727 msgid "Available since Linux 3.14 for ext4 (only for extent-based files) and XFS."
3731 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:134
3732 msgid "B<truncate>(1), B<fallocate>(2), B<posix_fallocate>(3)"
3736 #: original/man1/fallocate.1:141
3738 "The B<fallocate> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
3743 #: original/man1/fincore.1:10
3749 #: original/man1/fincore.1:32
3750 msgid "fincore - count pages of file contents in core"
3754 #: original/man1/fincore.1:35
3755 msgid "B<fincore> [options] I<file>..."
3759 #: original/man1/fincore.1:38
3761 "B<fincore> counts pages of file contents being resident in memory (in core), "
3762 "and reports the numbers. If an error occurs during counting, then an error "
3763 "message is printed to the stderr and B<fincore> continues processing the "
3764 "rest of files listed in a command line."
3768 #: original/man1/fincore.1:40
3770 "The default output is subject to change. So whenever possible, you should "
3771 "avoid using default outputs in your scripts. Always explicitly define "
3772 "expected columns by using B<--output> I<columns-list> in environments where "
3773 "a stable output is required."
3777 #: original/man1/fincore.1:43 original/man1/lsirq.1:43 original/man1/lsmem.1:71
3778 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:136
3779 msgid "B<-n>, B<--noheadings>"
3783 #: original/man1/fincore.1:45
3784 msgid "Do not print a header line in status output."
3788 #: original/man1/fincore.1:48 original/man1/ipcs.1:108
3789 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:118 original/man1/lsmem.1:56
3790 msgid "B<-b>, B<--bytes>"
3794 #: original/man1/fincore.1:50 original/man1/lsmem.1:58
3795 msgid "Print the SIZE column in bytes rather than in a human-readable format."
3799 #: original/man1/fincore.1:53 original/man1/irqtop.1:43
3800 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:113 original/man1/lsirq.1:48
3801 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:114 original/man1/lsmem.1:76
3802 msgid "B<-o>, B<--output> I<list>"
3806 #: original/man1/fincore.1:55
3808 "Define output columns. See the B<--help> output to get a list of the "
3809 "currently supported columns. The default list of columns may be extended if "
3810 "I<list> is specified in the format I<+list>."
3814 #: original/man1/fincore.1:60 original/man1/lsmem.1:93
3816 "Produce output in raw format. All potentially unsafe characters are "
3817 "hex-escaped (\\(rsxE<lt>codeE<gt>)."
3821 #: original/man1/fincore.1:63 original/man1/lscpu.1:98 original/man1/lsipc.1:88
3822 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:58 original/man1/lsmem.1:66
3823 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:131
3824 msgid "B<-J>, B<--json>"
3828 #: original/man1/fincore.1:65 original/man1/lsirq.1:60 original/man1/lsmem.1:68
3829 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:133
3830 msgid "Use JSON output format."
3834 #: original/man1/fincore.1:84
3835 msgid "B<mincore>(2), B<getpagesize>(2), B<getconf>(1p)"
3839 #: original/man1/fincore.1:91
3841 "The B<fincore> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
3846 #: original/man1/flock.1:10
3852 #: original/man1/flock.1:32
3853 msgid "flock - manage locks from shell scripts"
3857 #: original/man1/flock.1:35
3858 msgid "B<flock> [options] I<file>|I<directory> I<command> [I<arguments>]"
3862 #: original/man1/flock.1:37
3863 msgid "B<flock> [options] I<file>|I<directory> B<-c> I<command>"
3867 #: original/man1/flock.1:39
3868 msgid "B<flock> [options] I<number>"
3872 #: original/man1/flock.1:42
3874 "This utility manages B<flock>(2) locks from within shell scripts or from the "
3879 #: original/man1/flock.1:44
3881 "The first and second of the above forms wrap the lock around the execution "
3882 "of a I<command>, in a manner similar to B<su>(1) or B<newgrp>(1). They lock "
3883 "a specified I<file> or I<directory>, which is created (assuming appropriate "
3884 "permissions) if it does not already exist. By default, if the lock cannot be "
3885 "immediately acquired, B<flock> waits until the lock is available."
3889 #: original/man1/flock.1:46
3891 "The third form uses an open file by its file descriptor I<number>. See the "
3892 "examples below for how that can be used."
3896 #: original/man1/flock.1:49 original/man1/script.1:54
3897 msgid "B<-c>, B<--command> I<command>"
3901 #: original/man1/flock.1:51
3902 msgid "Pass a single I<command>, without arguments, to the shell with B<-c>."
3906 #: original/man1/flock.1:54
3907 msgid "B<-E>, B<--conflict-exit-code> I<number>"
3911 #: original/man1/flock.1:56
3913 "The exit status used when the B<-n> option is in use, and the conflicting "
3914 "lock exists, or the B<-w> option is in use, and the timeout is reached. The "
3915 "default value is B<1>. The I<number> has to be in the range of 0 to 255."
3919 #: original/man1/flock.1:59 original/man1/nsenter.1:212
3920 msgid "B<-F>, B<--no-fork>"
3924 #: original/man1/flock.1:61
3926 "Do not fork before executing I<command>. Upon execution the flock process is "
3927 "replaced by I<command> which continues to hold the lock. This option is "
3928 "incompatible with B<--close> as there would otherwise be nothing left to "
3933 #: original/man1/flock.1:64
3934 msgid "B<-e>, B<-x>, B<--exclusive>"
3938 #: original/man1/flock.1:66
3940 "Obtain an exclusive lock, sometimes called a write lock. This is the "
3945 #: original/man1/flock.1:69
3946 msgid "B<-n>, B<--nb>, B<--nonblock>"
3950 #: original/man1/flock.1:71
3952 "Fail rather than wait if the lock cannot be immediately acquired. See the "
3953 "B<-E> option for the exit status used."
3957 #: original/man1/flock.1:74
3958 msgid "B<-o>, B<--close>"
3962 #: original/man1/flock.1:76
3964 "Close the file descriptor on which the lock is held before executing "
3965 "I<command>. This is useful if I<command> spawns a child process which should "
3966 "not be holding the lock."
3970 #: original/man1/flock.1:79
3971 msgid "B<-s>, B<--shared>"
3975 #: original/man1/flock.1:81
3976 msgid "Obtain a shared lock, sometimes called a read lock."
3980 #: original/man1/flock.1:84
3981 msgid "B<-u>, B<--unlock>"
3985 #: original/man1/flock.1:86
3987 "Drop a lock. This is usually not required, since a lock is automatically "
3988 "dropped when the file is closed. However, it may be required in special "
3989 "cases, for example if the enclosed command group may have forked a "
3990 "background process which should not be holding the lock."
3994 #: original/man1/flock.1:89
3995 msgid "B<-w>, B<--wait>, B<--timeout> I<seconds>"
3999 #: original/man1/flock.1:91
4001 "Fail if the lock cannot be acquired within I<seconds>. Decimal fractional "
4002 "values are allowed. See the B<-E> option for the exit status used. The zero "
4003 "number of I<seconds> is interpreted as B<--nonblock>."
4007 #: original/man1/flock.1:94 original/man1/kill.1:107
4008 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:118
4009 msgid "B<--verbose>"
4013 #: original/man1/flock.1:96
4015 "Report how long it took to acquire the lock, or why the lock could not be "
4020 #: original/man1/flock.1:110
4022 "The command uses E<lt>sysexits.hE<gt> exit status values for everything, "
4023 "except when using either of the options B<-n> or B<-w> which report a "
4024 "failure to acquire the lock with an exit status given by the B<-E> option, "
4025 "or 1 by default. The exit status given by B<-E> has to be in the range of 0 "
4030 #: original/man1/flock.1:112
4032 "When using the I<command> variant, and executing the child worked, then the "
4033 "exit status is that of the child command."
4037 #: original/man1/flock.1:115
4038 msgid "Note that \"shellE<gt> \" in examples is a command line prompt."
4042 #: original/man1/flock.1:117
4044 "shell1E<gt> flock /tmp -c cat; shell2E<gt> flock -w .007 /tmp -c echo; "
4049 #: original/man1/flock.1:119
4050 msgid "Set exclusive lock to directory /tmp and the second command will fail."
4054 #: original/man1/flock.1:122
4056 "shell1E<gt> flock -s /tmp -c cat; shell2E<gt> flock -s -w .007 /tmp -c echo; "
4061 #: original/man1/flock.1:124
4063 "Set shared lock to directory /tmp and the second command will not "
4064 "fail. Notice that attempting to get exclusive lock with second command would "
4069 #: original/man1/flock.1:127
4070 msgid "shellE<gt> flock -x local-lock-file echo \\(aqa b c\\(aq"
4074 #: original/man1/flock.1:129
4076 "Grab the exclusive lock \"local-lock-file\" before running echo with \\(aqa "
4081 #: original/man1/flock.1:132
4083 "(; flock -n 9 || exit 1; # ... commands executed under lock ...; ) "
4084 "9E<gt>/var/lock/mylockfile"
4088 #: original/man1/flock.1:134
4090 "The form is convenient inside shell scripts. The mode used to open the file "
4091 "doesn\\(cqt matter to B<flock>; using I<E<gt>> or I<E<gt>E<gt>> allows the "
4092 "lockfile to be created if it does not already exist, however, write "
4093 "permission is required. Using I<E<lt>> requires that the file already exists "
4094 "but only read permission is required."
4098 #: original/man1/flock.1:136
4099 msgid "[ ${FLOCKER} != $0 ] && exec env FLOCKER=\"$0 flock -en $0 $0 $@ ||"
4103 #: original/man1/flock.1:138
4105 "This is useful boilerplate code for shell scripts. Put it at the top of the "
4106 "shell script you want to lock and it\\(cqll automatically lock itself on the "
4107 "first run. If the env var B<$FLOCKER> is not set to the shell script that is "
4108 "being run, then execute B<flock> and grab an exclusive non-blocking lock "
4109 "(using the script itself as the lock file) before re-execing itself with the "
4110 "right arguments. It also sets the FLOCKER env var to the right value so it "
4111 "doesn\\(cqt run again."
4115 #: original/man1/flock.1:142
4116 msgid "shellE<gt> exec 4E<lt>E<gt>/var/lock/mylockfile; shellE<gt> flock -n 4"
4120 #: original/man1/flock.1:144
4122 "This form is convenient for locking a file without spawning a "
4123 "subprocess. The shell opens the lock file for reading and writing as file "
4124 "descriptor 4, then flock is used to lock the descriptor."
4128 #: original/man1/flock.1:148 original/man1/scriptlive.1:103
4129 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:135 original/man1/taskset.1:122
4135 #: original/man1/flock.1:151
4137 "Copyright (co 2003-2006 H. Peter Anvin. This is free software; see the "
4138 "source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for "
4139 "MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE."
4143 #: original/man1/flock.1:154
4148 #: original/man1/flock.1:161
4150 "The B<flock> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
4155 #: original/man1/getopt.1:10
4161 #: original/man1/getopt.1:32
4162 msgid "getopt - parse command options (enhanced)"
4166 #: original/man1/getopt.1:37
4168 "B<getopt> I<optstring> I<parameters> B<getopt> [options] [B<-->] "
4169 "I<optstring> I<parameters> B<getopt> [options] B<-o>|B<--options> "
4170 "I<optstring> [options] [B<-->] I<parameters>"
4174 #: original/man1/getopt.1:40
4176 "B<getopt> is used to break up (I<parse>) options in command lines for easy "
4177 "parsing by shell procedures, and to check for valid options. It uses the GNU "
4178 "B<getopt>(3) routines to do this."
4182 #: original/man1/getopt.1:42
4184 "The parameters B<getopt> is called with can be divided into two parts: "
4185 "options which modify the way B<getopt> will do the parsing (the I<options> "
4186 "and the I<optstring> in the B<SYNOPSIS>), and the parameters which are to be "
4187 "parsed (I<parameters> in the B<SYNOPSIS>). The second part will start at the "
4188 "first non-option parameter that is not an option argument, or after the "
4189 "first occurrence of \\(aqB<-->\\(aq. If no \\(aqB<-o>\\(aq or "
4190 "\\(aqB<--options>\\(aq option is found in the first part, the first "
4191 "parameter of the second part is used as the short options string."
4195 #: original/man1/getopt.1:44
4197 "If the environment variable B<GETOPT_COMPATIBLE> is set, or if the first "
4198 "I<parameter> is not an option (does not start with a \\(aqB<->\\(aq, the "
4199 "first format in the B<SYNOPSIS>), B<getopt> will generate output that is "
4200 "compatible with that of other versions of B<getopt>(1). It will still do "
4201 "parameter shuffling and recognize optional arguments (see section "
4202 "B<COMPATIBILITY> for more information)."
4206 #: original/man1/getopt.1:46
4208 "Traditional implementations of B<getopt>(1) are unable to cope with "
4209 "whitespace and other (shell-specific) special characters in arguments and "
4210 "non-option parameters. To solve this problem, this implementation can "
4211 "generate quoted output which must once again be interpreted by the shell "
4212 "(usually by using the B<eval> command). This has the effect of preserving "
4213 "those characters, but you must call B<getopt> in a way that is no longer "
4214 "compatible with other versions (the second or third format in the "
4215 "B<SYNOPSIS>). To determine whether this enhanced version of B<getopt>(1) is "
4216 "installed, a special test option (B<-T>) can be used."
4220 #: original/man1/getopt.1:49 original/man1/look.1:43
4221 msgid "B<-a>, B<--alternative>"
4225 #: original/man1/getopt.1:51
4226 msgid "Allow long options to start with a single \\(aqB<->\\(aq."
4230 #: original/man1/getopt.1:56
4231 msgid "Display help text and exit. No other output is generated."
4235 #: original/man1/getopt.1:59
4236 msgid "B<-l>, B<--longoptions> I<longopts>"
4240 #: original/man1/getopt.1:61
4242 "The long (multi-character) options to be recognized. More than one option "
4243 "name may be specified at once, by separating the names with commas. This "
4244 "option may be given more than once, the I<longopts> are cumulative. Each "
4245 "long option name in I<longopts> may be followed by one colon to indicate it "
4246 "has a required argument, and by two colons to indicate it has an optional "
4251 #: original/man1/getopt.1:64
4252 msgid "B<-n>, B<--name> I<progname>"
4256 #: original/man1/getopt.1:66
4258 "The name that will be used by the B<getopt>(3) routines when it reports "
4259 "errors. Note that errors of B<getopt>(1) are still reported as coming from "
4264 #: original/man1/getopt.1:69
4265 msgid "B<-o>, B<--options> I<shortopts>"
4269 #: original/man1/getopt.1:71
4271 "The short (one-character) options to be recognized. If this option is not "
4272 "found, the first parameter of B<getopt> that does not start with a "
4273 "\\(aqB<->\\(aq (and is not an option argument) is used as the short options "
4274 "string. Each short option character in I<shortopts> may be followed by one "
4275 "colon to indicate it has a required argument, and by two colons to indicate "
4276 "it has an optional argument. The first character of shortopts may be "
4277 "\\(aqB<+>\\(aq or \\(aqB<->\\(aq to influence the way options are parsed and "
4278 "output is generated (see section B<SCANNING MODES> for details)."
4282 #: original/man1/getopt.1:74 original/man1/hardlink.1:51
4283 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:48 original/man1/script.1:125
4284 msgid "B<-q>, B<--quiet>"
4288 #: original/man1/getopt.1:76
4289 msgid "Disable error reporting by B<getopt>(3)."
4293 #: original/man1/getopt.1:79
4294 msgid "B<-Q>, B<--quiet-output>"
4298 #: original/man1/getopt.1:81
4300 "Do not generate normal output. Errors are still reported by B<getopt>(3), "
4301 "unless you also use B<-q>."
4305 #: original/man1/getopt.1:86
4307 "Set quoting conventions to those of I<shell>. If the B<-s> option is not "
4308 "given, the BASH conventions are used. Valid arguments are currently "
4309 "\\(aqB<sh>\\(aq \\(aqB<bash>\\(aq, \\(aqB<csh>\\(aq, and \\(aqB<tcsh>\\(aq."
4313 #: original/man1/getopt.1:89
4314 msgid "B<-T>, B<--test>"
4318 #: original/man1/getopt.1:91
4320 "Test if your B<getopt>(1) is this enhanced version or an old version. This "
4321 "generates no output, and sets the error status to 4. Other implementations "
4322 "of B<getopt>(1), and this version if the environment variable "
4323 "B<GETOPT_COMPATIBLE> is set, will return \\(aqB<-->\\(aq and error status 0."
4327 #: original/man1/getopt.1:94
4328 msgid "B<-u>, B<--unquoted>"
4332 #: original/man1/getopt.1:96
4334 "Do not quote the output. Note that whitespace and special (shell-dependent) "
4335 "characters can cause havoc in this mode (like they do with other "
4336 "B<getopt>(1) implementations)."
4340 #: original/man1/getopt.1:101
4341 msgid "Display version information and exit. No other output is generated."
4345 #: original/man1/getopt.1:102
4351 #: original/man1/getopt.1:105
4353 "This section specifies the format of the second part of the parameters of "
4354 "B<getopt> (the I<parameters> in the B<SYNOPSIS>). The next section "
4355 "(B<OUTPUT>) describes the output that is generated. These parameters were "
4356 "typically the parameters a shell function was called with. Care must be "
4357 "taken that each parameter the shell function was called with corresponds to "
4358 "exactly one parameter in the parameter list of B<getopt> (see the "
4359 "B<EXAMPLES>). All parsing is done by the GNU B<getopt>(3) routines."
4363 #: original/man1/getopt.1:107
4365 "The parameters are parsed from left to right. Each parameter is classified "
4366 "as a short option, a long option, an argument to an option, or a non-option "
4371 #: original/man1/getopt.1:109
4373 "A simple short option is a \\(aqB<->\\(aq followed by a short option "
4374 "character. If the option has a required argument, it may be written directly "
4375 "after the option character or as the next parameter (i.e., separated by "
4376 "whitespace on the command line). If the option has an optional argument, it "
4377 "must be written directly after the option character if present."
4381 #: original/man1/getopt.1:111
4383 "It is possible to specify several short options after one \\(aqB<->\\(aq, as "
4384 "long as all (except possibly the last) do not have required or optional "
4389 #: original/man1/getopt.1:113
4391 "A long option normally begins with \\(aqB<-->\\(aq followed by the long "
4392 "option name. If the option has a required argument, it may be written "
4393 "directly after the long option name, separated by \\(aqB<=>\\(aq, or as the "
4394 "next argument (i.e., separated by whitespace on the command line). If the "
4395 "option has an optional argument, it must be written directly after the long "
4396 "option name, separated by \\(aqB<=>\\(aq, if present (if you add the "
4397 "\\(aqB<=>\\(aq but nothing behind it, it is interpreted as if no argument "
4398 "was present; this is a slight bug, see the B<BUGS>). Long options may be "
4399 "abbreviated, as long as the abbreviation is not ambiguous."
4403 #: original/man1/getopt.1:115
4405 "Each parameter not starting with a \\(aqB<->\\(aq, and not a required "
4406 "argument of a previous option, is a non-option parameter. Each parameter "
4407 "after a \\(aqB<-->\\(aq parameter is always interpreted as a non-option "
4408 "parameter. If the environment variable B<POSIXLY_CORRECT> is set, or if the "
4409 "short option string started with a \\(aqB<+>\\(aq, all remaining parameters "
4410 "are interpreted as non-option parameters as soon as the first non-option "
4411 "parameter is found."
4415 #: original/man1/getopt.1:115 original/man1/uuidparse.1:38
4421 #: original/man1/getopt.1:118
4423 "Output is generated for each element described in the previous "
4424 "section. Output is done in the same order as the elements are specified in "
4425 "the input, except for non-option parameters. Output can be done in "
4426 "I<compatible> (I<unquoted>) mode, or in such way that whitespace and other "
4427 "special characters within arguments and non-option parameters are preserved "
4428 "(see B<QUOTING>). When the output is processed in the shell script, it will "
4429 "seem to be composed of distinct elements that can be processed one by one "
4430 "(by using the shift command in most shell languages). This is imperfect in "
4431 "unquoted mode, as elements can be split at unexpected places if they contain "
4432 "whitespace or special characters."
4436 #: original/man1/getopt.1:120
4438 "If there are problems parsing the parameters, for example because a required "
4439 "argument is not found or an option is not recognized, an error will be "
4440 "reported on stderr, there will be no output for the offending element, and a "
4441 "non-zero error status is returned."
4445 #: original/man1/getopt.1:122
4447 "For a short option, a single \\(aqB<->\\(aq and the option character are "
4448 "generated as one parameter. If the option has an argument, the next "
4449 "parameter will be the argument. If the option takes an optional argument, "
4450 "but none was found, the next parameter will be generated but be empty in "
4451 "quoting mode, but no second parameter will be generated in unquoted "
4452 "(compatible) mode. Note that many other B<getopt>(1) implementations do not "
4453 "support optional arguments."
4457 #: original/man1/getopt.1:124
4459 "If several short options were specified after a single \\(aqB<->\\(aq, each "
4460 "will be present in the output as a separate parameter."
4464 #: original/man1/getopt.1:126
4466 "For a long option, \\(aqB<-->\\(aq and the full option name are generated as "
4467 "one parameter. This is done regardless whether the option was abbreviated or "
4468 "specified with a single \\(aqB<->\\(aq in the input. Arguments are handled "
4469 "as with short options."
4473 #: original/man1/getopt.1:128
4475 "Normally, no non-option parameters output is generated until all options and "
4476 "their arguments have been generated. Then \\(aqB<-->\\(aq is generated as a "
4477 "single parameter, and after it the non-option parameters in the order they "
4478 "were found, each as a separate parameter. Only if the first character of the "
4479 "short options string was a \\(aqB<->\\(aq, non-option parameter output is "
4480 "generated at the place they are found in the input (this is not supported if "
4481 "the first format of the B<SYNOPSIS> is used; in that case all preceding "
4482 "occurrences of \\(aqB<->\\(aq and \\(aqB<+>\\(aq are ignored)."
4486 #: original/man1/getopt.1:128
4492 #: original/man1/getopt.1:131
4494 "In compatibility mode, whitespace or \\(aqspecial\\(aq characters in "
4495 "arguments or non-option parameters are not handled correctly. As the output "
4496 "is fed to the shell script, the script does not know how it is supposed to "
4497 "break the output into separate parameters. To circumvent this problem, this "
4498 "implementation offers quoting. The idea is that output is generated with "
4499 "quotes around each parameter. When this output is once again fed to the "
4500 "shell (usually by a shell B<eval> command), it is split correctly into "
4501 "separate parameters."
4505 #: original/man1/getopt.1:133
4507 "Quoting is not enabled if the environment variable B<GETOPT_COMPATIBLE> is "
4508 "set, if the first form of the B<SYNOPSIS> is used, or if the option "
4509 "\\(aqB<-u>\\(aq is found."
4513 #: original/man1/getopt.1:135
4515 "Different shells use different quoting conventions. You can use the "
4516 "\\(aqB<-s>\\(aq option to select the shell you are using. The following "
4517 "shells are currently supported: \\(aqB<sh>\\(aq, \\(aqB<bash>\\(aq, "
4518 "\\(aqB<csh>\\(aq and \\(aqB<tcsh>\\(aq. Actually, only two \\(aqflavors\\(aq "
4519 "are distinguished: sh-like quoting conventions and csh-like quoting "
4520 "conventions. Chances are that if you use another shell script language, one "
4521 "of these flavors can still be used."
4525 #: original/man1/getopt.1:135
4527 msgid "SCANNING MODES"
4531 #: original/man1/getopt.1:138
4533 "The first character of the short options string may be a \\(aqB<->\\(aq or a "
4534 "\\(aqB<+>\\(aq to indicate a special scanning mode. If the first calling "
4535 "form in the B<SYNOPSIS> is used they are ignored; the environment variable "
4536 "B<POSIXLY_CORRECT> is still examined, though."
4540 #: original/man1/getopt.1:140
4542 "If the first character is \\(aqB<+>\\(aq, or if the environment variable "
4543 "B<POSIXLY_CORRECT> is set, parsing stops as soon as the first non-option "
4544 "parameter (i.e., a parameter that does not start with a \\(aqB<->\\(aq) is "
4545 "found that is not an option argument. The remaining parameters are all "
4546 "interpreted as non-option parameters."
4550 #: original/man1/getopt.1:142
4552 "If the first character is a \\(aqB<->\\(aq, non-option parameters are "
4553 "outputted at the place where they are found; in normal operation, they are "
4554 "all collected at the end of output after a \\(aqB<-->\\(aq parameter has "
4555 "been generated. Note that this \\(aqB<-->\\(aq parameter is still generated, "
4556 "but it will always be the last parameter in this mode."
4560 #: original/man1/getopt.1:142 original/man1/setterm.1:255
4562 msgid "COMPATIBILITY"
4566 #: original/man1/getopt.1:145
4568 "This version of B<getopt>(1) is written to be as compatible as possible to "
4569 "other versions. Usually you can just replace them with this version without "
4570 "any modifications, and with some advantages."
4574 #: original/man1/getopt.1:147
4576 "If the first character of the first parameter of getopt is not a "
4577 "\\(aqB<->\\(aq, B<getopt> goes into compatibility mode. It will interpret "
4578 "its first parameter as the string of short options, and all other arguments "
4579 "will be parsed. It will still do parameter shuffling (i.e., all non-option "
4580 "parameters are output at the end), unless the environment variable "
4581 "B<POSIXLY_CORRECT> is set, in which case, B<getopt> will prepend a "
4582 "\\(aqB<+>\\(aq before short options automatically."
4586 #: original/man1/getopt.1:149
4588 "The environment variable B<GETOPT_COMPATIBLE> forces B<getopt> into "
4589 "compatibility mode. Setting both this environment variable and "
4590 "B<POSIXLY_CORRECT> offers 100% compatibility for \\(aqdifficult\\(aq "
4591 "programs. Usually, though, neither is needed."
4595 #: original/man1/getopt.1:151
4597 "In compatibility mode, leading \\(aqB<->\\(aq and \\(aqB<+>\\(aq characters "
4598 "in the short options string are ignored."
4602 #: original/man1/getopt.1:151
4604 msgid "RETURN CODES"
4608 #: original/man1/getopt.1:154
4610 "B<getopt> returns error code B<0> for successful parsing, B<1> if "
4611 "B<getopt>(3) returns errors, B<2> if it does not understand its own "
4612 "parameters, B<3> if an internal error occurs like out-of-memory, and B<4> if "
4613 "it is called with B<-T>."
4617 #: original/man1/getopt.1:157
4619 "Example scripts for (ba)sh and (t)csh are provided with the B<getopt>(1) "
4620 "distribution, and are installed in I</usr/share/doc/util-linux> directory."
4624 #: original/man1/getopt.1:160
4625 msgid "B<POSIXLY_CORRECT>"
4629 #: original/man1/getopt.1:162
4631 "This environment variable is examined by the B<getopt>(3) routines. If it is "
4632 "set, parsing stops as soon as a parameter is found that is not an option or "
4633 "an option argument. All remaining parameters are also interpreted as "
4634 "non-option parameters, regardless whether they start with a \\(aqB<->\\(aq."
4638 #: original/man1/getopt.1:165
4639 msgid "B<GETOPT_COMPATIBLE>"
4643 #: original/man1/getopt.1:167
4645 "Forces B<getopt> to use the first calling format as specified in the "
4650 #: original/man1/getopt.1:171
4652 "B<getopt>(3) can parse long options with optional arguments that are given "
4653 "an empty optional argument (but cannot do this for short options). This "
4654 "B<getopt>(1) treats optional arguments that are empty as if they were not "
4659 #: original/man1/getopt.1:173
4661 "The syntax if you do not want any short option variables at all is not very "
4662 "intuitive (you have to set them explicitly to the empty string)."
4666 #: original/man1/getopt.1:173 original/man1/hardlink.1:122
4672 #: original/man1/getopt.1:181
4673 msgid "B<bash>(1), B<tcsh>(1), B<getopt>(3)"
4677 #: original/man1/getopt.1:188
4679 "The B<getopt> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
4684 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:10
4690 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:32
4691 msgid "hardlink - link multiple copies of a file"
4695 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:35
4696 msgid "B<hardlink> [options] [I<directory>|I<file>]..."
4700 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:38
4702 "B<hardlink> is a tool which replaces copies of a file with hardlinks, "
4703 "therefore saving space."
4707 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:43
4708 msgid "print quick usage details to the screen."
4712 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:48
4714 "More verbose output. If specified once, every hardlinked file is displayed, "
4715 "if specified twice, it also shows every comparison."
4719 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:53
4720 msgid "Quiet mode, don\\(cqt print anything."
4724 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:56
4725 msgid "B<-n>, B<--dry-run>"
4729 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:58
4730 msgid "Do not act, just print what would happen."
4734 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:61
4735 msgid "B<-f>, B<--respect-name>"
4739 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:63
4741 "Only try to link files with the same (basename). It\\(cqs strongly "
4742 "recommended to use long options rather than B<-f> which is interpreted in a "
4743 "different way by others B<hardlink> implementations."
4747 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:66
4748 msgid "B<-p>, B<--ignore-mode>"
4752 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:68
4754 "Link/compare files even if their mode is different. This may be a bit "
4759 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:71
4760 msgid "B<-o>, B<--ignore-owner>"
4764 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:73
4766 "Link/compare files even if their owner (user and group) is different. It is "
4771 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:76
4772 msgid "B<-t>, B<--ignore-time>"
4776 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:78
4778 "Link/compare files even if their time of modification is different. You "
4779 "almost always want this."
4783 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:81
4784 msgid "B<-X>, B<--respect-xattrs>"
4788 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:83
4789 msgid "Only try to link files with the same extended attributes."
4793 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:86
4794 msgid "B<-m>, B<--maximize>"
4798 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:88
4799 msgid "Among equal files, keep the file with the highest link count."
4803 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:91
4804 msgid "B<-M>, B<--minimize>"
4808 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:93
4809 msgid "Among equal files, keep the file with the lowest link count."
4813 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:96
4814 msgid "B<-O>, B<--keep-oldest>"
4818 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:98
4820 "Among equal files, keep the oldest file (least recent modification time). By "
4821 "default, the newest file is kept. If B<--maximize> or B<--minimize> is "
4822 "specified, the link count has a higher precedence than the time of "
4827 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:101
4828 msgid "B<-x>, B<--exclude> I<regex>"
4832 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:103
4833 msgid "A regular expression which excludes files from being compared and linked."
4837 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:106
4838 msgid "B<-i>, B<--include> I<regex>"
4842 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:108
4844 "A regular expression to include files. If the option B<--exclude> has been "
4845 "given, this option re-includes files which would otherwise be excluded. If "
4846 "the option is used without B<--exclude>, only files matched by the pattern "
4851 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:111
4852 msgid "B<-s>, B<--minimum-size> I<size>"
4856 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:113
4858 "The minimum size to consider. By default this is 1, so empty files will not "
4859 "be linked. The I<size> argument may be followed by the multiplicative "
4860 "suffixes KiB (=1024), MiB (=1024*1024), and so on for GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, "
4861 "ZiB and YiB (the \"iB\" is optional, e.g., \"K\" has the same meaning as "
4866 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:114 original/man1/kill.1:46 original/man1/mesg.1:42
4872 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:117
4874 "B<hardlink> takes one or more directories which will be searched for files "
4879 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:120
4881 "The original B<hardlink> implementation uses the option B<-f> to force "
4882 "hardlinks creation between filesystem. This very rarely usable feature is no "
4883 "more supported by the current hardlink."
4887 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:122
4889 "B<hardlink> assumes that the trees it operates on do not change during "
4890 "operation. If a tree does change, the result is undefined and potentially "
4891 "dangerous. For example, if a regular file is replaced by a device, hardlink "
4892 "may start reading from the device. If a component of a path is replaced by a "
4893 "symbolic link or file permissions change, security may be compromised. Do "
4894 "not run hardlink on a changing tree or on a tree controlled by another user."
4898 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:125
4900 "There are multiple B<hardlink> implementations. The very first "
4901 "implementation is from Jakub Jelinek for Fedora distribution, this "
4902 "implementation has been used in util-linux between versions v2.34 to "
4903 "v2.36. The current implementations is based on Debian version from Julian "
4908 #: original/man1/hardlink.1:132
4910 "The B<hardlink> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
4915 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:10
4921 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:32
4922 msgid "hexdump - display file contents in hexadecimal, decimal, octal, or ascii"
4926 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:34
4927 msgid "B<hexdump> I<options file> ..."
4931 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:36
4932 msgid "B<hd> I<options file> ..."
4936 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:39
4938 "The B<hexdump> utility is a filter which displays the specified files, or "
4939 "standard input if no files are specified, in a user-specified format."
4943 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:42
4945 "Below, the I<length> and I<offset> arguments may be followed by the "
4946 "multiplicative suffixes KiB (=1024), MiB (=1024*1024), and so on for GiB, "
4947 "TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB (the \"iB\" is optional, e.g., \"K\" has the same "
4948 "meaning as \"KiB\"), or the suffixes KB (=1000), MB (=1000*1000), and so on "
4949 "for GB, TB, PB, EB, ZB and YB."
4953 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:44
4954 msgid "B<-b>, B<--one-byte-octal>"
4958 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:46
4960 "I<One-byte octal display>. Display the input offset in hexadecimal, followed "
4961 "by sixteen space-separated, three-column, zero-filled bytes of input data, "
4962 "in octal, per line."
4966 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:49
4967 msgid "B<-c>, B<--one-byte-char>"
4971 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:51
4973 "I<One-byte character display>. Display the input offset in hexadecimal, "
4974 "followed by sixteen space-separated, three-column, space-filled characters "
4975 "of input data per line."
4979 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:54
4980 msgid "B<-C>, B<--canonical>"
4984 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:56
4986 "I<Canonical hex+ASCII display>. Display the input offset in hexadecimal, "
4987 "followed by sixteen space-separated, two-column, hexadecimal bytes, followed "
4988 "by the same sixteen bytes in B<%_p> format enclosed in \\(aqB<|>\\(aq "
4989 "characters. Invoking the program as B<hd> implies this option."
4993 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:59
4994 msgid "B<-d>, B<--two-bytes-decimal>"
4998 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:61
5000 "I<Two-byte decimal display>. Display the input offset in hexadecimal, "
5001 "followed by eight space-separated, five-column, zero-filled, two-byte units "
5002 "of input data, in unsigned decimal, per line."
5006 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:64
5007 msgid "B<-e>, B<--format> I<format_string>"
5011 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:66
5012 msgid "Specify a format string to be used for displaying data."
5016 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:69
5017 msgid "B<-f>, B<--format-file> I<file>"
5021 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:71
5023 "Specify a file that contains one or more newline-separated format "
5024 "strings. Empty lines and lines whose first non-blank character is a hash "
5025 "mark (#) are ignored."
5029 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:76
5031 "Accept color units for the output. The optional argument I<when> can be "
5032 "B<auto>, B<never> or B<always>. If the I<when> argument is omitted, it "
5033 "defaults to B<auto>. The colors can be disabled; for the current built-in "
5034 "default see the B<--help> output. See also the B<Colors> subsection and the "
5035 "B<COLORS> section below."
5039 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:79
5040 msgid "B<-n>, B<--length> I<length>"
5044 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:81
5045 msgid "Interpret only I<length> bytes of input."
5049 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:84
5050 msgid "B<-o>, B<--two-bytes-octal>"
5054 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:86
5056 "I<Two-byte octal display>. Display the input offset in hexadecimal, followed "
5057 "by eight space-separated, six-column, zero-filled, two-byte quantities of "
5058 "input data, in octal, per line."
5062 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:89
5063 msgid "B<-s>, B<--skip> I<offset>"
5067 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:91
5068 msgid "Skip I<offset> bytes from the beginning of the input."
5072 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:94
5073 msgid "B<-v>, B<--no-squeezing>"
5077 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:96
5079 "The B<-v> option causes B<hexdump> to display all input data. Without the "
5080 "B<-v> option, any number of groups of output lines which would be identical "
5081 "to the immediately preceding group of output lines (except for the input "
5082 "offsets), are replaced with a line comprised of a single asterisk."
5086 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:99
5087 msgid "B<-x>, B<--two-bytes-hex>"
5091 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:101
5093 "I<Two-byte hexadecimal display>. Display the input offset in hexadecimal, "
5094 "followed by eight space-separated, four-column, zero-filled, two-byte "
5095 "quantities of input data, in hexadecimal, per line."
5099 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:114
5101 "For each input file, B<hexdump> sequentially copies the input to standard "
5102 "output, transforming the data according to the format strings specified by "
5103 "the B<-e> and B<-f> options, in the order that they were specified."
5107 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:114
5113 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:117
5115 "A format string contains any number of format units, separated by "
5116 "whitespace. A format unit contains up to three items: an iteration count, a "
5117 "byte count, and a format."
5121 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:119
5123 "The iteration count is an optional positive integer, which defaults to "
5124 "one. Each format is applied iteration count times."
5128 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:121
5130 "The byte count is an optional positive integer. If specified it defines the "
5131 "number of bytes to be interpreted by each iteration of the format."
5135 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:123
5137 "If an iteration count and/or a byte count is specified, a single slash must "
5138 "be placed after the iteration count and/or before the byte count to "
5139 "disambiguate them. Any whitespace before or after the slash is ignored."
5143 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:125
5145 "The format is required and must be surrounded by double quote (\" \") "
5146 "marks. It is interpreted as a fprintf-style format string (see "
5147 "B<fprintf>(3), with the following exceptions:"
5151 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:127
5156 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:129
5157 msgid "An asterisk (*) may not be used as a field width or precision."
5161 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:132
5166 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:134
5168 "A byte count or field precision I<is> required for each B<s> conversion "
5169 "character (unlike the fprintf3 default which prints the entire string if the "
5170 "precision is unspecified)."
5174 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:137
5179 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:139
5181 "The conversion characters B<h>, B<l>, B<n>, B<p>, and B<q> are not "
5186 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:142
5191 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:144
5193 "The single character escape sequences described in the C standard are "
5198 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:151 original/man1/hexdump.1:154
5199 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:158 original/man1/hexdump.1:161
5200 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:165 original/man1/hexdump.1:168
5201 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:172 original/man1/hexdump.1:175
5202 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:179 original/man1/hexdump.1:182
5203 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:186 original/man1/hexdump.1:189
5204 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:193 original/man1/hexdump.1:196
5205 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:200 original/man1/hexdump.1:203
5206 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:245 original/man1/hexdump.1:248
5207 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:251 original/man1/hexdump.1:254
5208 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:257 original/man1/hexdump.1:260
5209 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:264 original/man1/hexdump.1:267
5210 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:270 original/man1/hexdump.1:273
5211 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:276 original/man1/hexdump.1:279
5212 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:283 original/man1/hexdump.1:286
5213 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:289 original/man1/hexdump.1:292
5214 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:295 original/man1/hexdump.1:298
5215 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:302 original/man1/hexdump.1:305
5216 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:308 original/man1/hexdump.1:311
5217 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:314 original/man1/hexdump.1:317
5218 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:321 original/man1/hexdump.1:324
5219 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:327 original/man1/hexdump.1:330
5220 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:333 original/man1/hexdump.1:336
5221 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:340 original/man1/hexdump.1:343
5222 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:346 original/man1/hexdump.1:349
5223 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:352 original/man1/hexdump.1:355
5224 #: original/man1/last.1:119 original/man1/last.1:122 original/man1/last.1:126
5225 #: original/man1/last.1:129 original/man1/last.1:133 original/man1/last.1:136
5226 #: original/man1/last.1:140 original/man1/last.1:143 original/man1/last.1:147
5227 #: original/man1/last.1:150 original/man1/last.1:154 original/man1/last.1:157
5228 #: original/man1/last.1:161 original/man1/last.1:164 original/man1/last.1:168
5229 #: original/man1/last.1:171 original/man1/last.1:175 original/man1/last.1:178
5230 #: original/man1/last.1:182 original/man1/last.1:185 original/man1/last.1:189
5231 #: original/man1/last.1:192 original/man1/last.1:196 original/man1/last.1:199
5232 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:44 original/man1/uuidparse.1:47
5233 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:51 original/man1/uuidparse.1:54
5234 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:58 original/man1/uuidparse.1:61
5235 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:65 original/man1/uuidparse.1:68
5236 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:78 original/man1/uuidparse.1:81
5237 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:85 original/man1/uuidparse.1:88
5238 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:92 original/man1/uuidparse.1:95
5239 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:99 original/man1/uuidparse.1:102
5240 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:106 original/man1/uuidparse.1:109
5241 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:113 original/man1/uuidparse.1:116
5242 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:120 original/man1/uuidparse.1:123
5248 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:153
5254 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:156
5260 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:160
5262 msgid "E<lt>alert characterE<gt>"
5266 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:163
5272 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:167
5274 msgid "E<lt>backspaceE<gt>"
5278 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:170
5284 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:174
5286 msgid "E<lt>form-feedE<gt>"
5290 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:177
5296 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:181
5298 msgid "E<lt>newlineE<gt>"
5302 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:184
5308 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:188
5310 msgid "E<lt>carriage returnE<gt>"
5314 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:191
5320 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:195
5322 msgid "E<lt>tabE<gt>"
5326 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:198
5332 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:202
5334 msgid "E<lt>vertical tabE<gt>"
5338 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:205
5344 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:211
5346 msgid "Conversion strings"
5350 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:214
5352 "The B<hexdump> utility also supports the following additional conversion "
5357 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:216
5362 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:218
5364 "Display the input offset, cumulative across input files, of the next byte to "
5365 "be displayed. The appended characters B<d>, B<o>, and B<x> specify the "
5366 "display base as decimal, octal or hexadecimal respectively."
5370 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:221
5375 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:223
5377 "Identical to the B<_a> conversion string except that it is only performed "
5378 "once, when all of the input data has been processed."
5382 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:226
5387 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:228
5389 "Output characters in the default character set. Non-printing characters are "
5390 "displayed in three-character, zero-padded octal, except for those "
5391 "representable by standard escape notation (see above), which are displayed "
5392 "as two-character strings."
5396 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:231
5401 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:233
5403 "Output characters in the default character set. Non-printing characters are "
5404 "displayed as a single \\(aqB<.>\\(aq."
5408 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:236
5413 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:238
5415 "Output US ASCII characters, with the exception that control characters are "
5416 "displayed using the following, lower-case, names. Characters greater than "
5417 "0xff, hexadecimal, are displayed as hexadecimal strings."
5421 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:247
5427 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:250
5433 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:253
5439 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:256
5445 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:259
5451 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:262
5457 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:266
5463 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:269
5469 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:272
5475 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:275
5481 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:278
5487 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:281
5493 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:285
5499 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:288
5505 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:291
5511 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:294
5517 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:297
5523 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:300
5529 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:304
5535 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:307
5541 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:310
5547 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:313
5553 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:316
5559 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:319
5565 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:323
5571 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:326
5577 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:329
5583 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:332
5589 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:335
5595 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:338
5601 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:342
5607 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:345
5613 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:348
5619 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:363
5625 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:366
5627 "When put at the end of a format specifier, hexdump highlights the respective "
5628 "string with the color specified. Conditions, if present, are evaluated prior "
5633 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:368
5634 msgid "B<_L[color_unit_1,color_unit_2,...,color_unit_n]>"
5638 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:370
5639 msgid "The full syntax of a color unit is as follows:"
5643 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:372
5644 msgid "B<[!]COLOR[:VALUE][@OFFSET_START[-END]]>"
5648 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:374
5653 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:376
5655 "Negate the condition. Please note that it only makes sense to negate a unit "
5656 "if both a value/string and an offset are specified. In that case the "
5657 "respective output string will be highlighted if and only if the value/string "
5658 "does not match the one at the offset."
5662 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:379
5667 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:381
5668 msgid "One of the 8 basic shell colors."
5672 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:384
5677 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:386
5679 "A value to be matched specified in hexadecimal, or octal base, or as a "
5680 "string. Please note that the usual C escape sequences are not interpreted by "
5681 "hexdump inside the color_units."
5685 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:389
5690 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:391
5692 "An offset or an offset range at which to check for a match. Please note that "
5693 "lone OFFSET_START uses the same value as END offset."
5697 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:392
5703 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:395
5705 "The default and supported byte counts for the conversion characters are as "
5710 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:397
5711 msgid "B<%_c>, B<%_p>, B<%_u>, B<%c>"
5715 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:399
5716 msgid "One byte counts only."
5720 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:402
5721 msgid "B<%d>, B<%i>, B<%o>, B<%u>, B<%X>, B<%x>"
5725 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:404
5726 msgid "Four byte default, one, two and four byte counts supported."
5730 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:407
5731 msgid "B<%E>, B<%e>, B<%f>, B<%G>, B<%g>"
5735 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:409
5736 msgid "Eight byte default, four byte counts supported."
5740 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:412
5742 "The amount of data interpreted by each format string is the sum of the data "
5743 "required by each format unit, which is the iteration count times the byte "
5744 "count, or the iteration count times the number of bytes required by the "
5745 "format if the byte count is not specified."
5749 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:414
5751 "The input is manipulated in I<blocks>, where a block is defined as the "
5752 "largest amount of data specified by any format string. Format strings "
5753 "interpreting less than an input block\\(cqs worth of data, whose last format "
5754 "unit both interprets some number of bytes and does not have a specified "
5755 "iteration count, have the iteration count incremented until the entire input "
5756 "block has been processed or there is not enough data remaining in the block "
5757 "to satisfy the format string."
5761 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:416
5763 "If, either as a result of user specification or B<hexdump> modifying the "
5764 "iteration count as described above, an iteration count is greater than one, "
5765 "no trailing whitespace characters are output during the last iteration."
5769 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:418
5771 "It is an error to specify a byte count as well as multiple conversion "
5772 "characters or strings unless all but one of the conversion characters or "
5773 "strings is B<_a> or B<_A>."
5777 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:420
5779 "If, as a result of the specification of the B<-n> option or end-of-file "
5780 "being reached, input data only partially satisfies a format string, the "
5781 "input block is zero-padded sufficiently to display all available data (i.e., "
5782 "any format units overlapping the end of data will display some number of the "
5787 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:422
5789 "Further output by such format strings is replaced by an equivalent number of "
5790 "spaces. An equivalent number of spaces is defined as the number of spaces "
5791 "output by an B<s> conversion character with the same field width and "
5792 "precision as the original conversion character or conversion string but with "
5793 "any \\(aqB<+>\\(aq, \\(aq \\(aq, \\(aqB<#>\\(aq conversion flag characters "
5794 "removed, and referencing a NULL string."
5798 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:424
5800 "If no format strings are specified, the default display is very similar to "
5801 "the B<-x> output format (the B<-x> option causes more space to be used "
5802 "between format units than in the default output)."
5806 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:427
5807 msgid "B<hexdump> exits 0 on success and E<gt> 0 if an error occurred."
5811 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:430
5813 "The B<hexdump> utility is expected to be IEEE Std 1003.2 (\"POSIX.2\") "
5818 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:433
5819 msgid "Display the input in perusal format:"
5823 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:440
5826 " \"%06.6_ao \" 12/1 \"%3_u \"\n"
5827 " \"\\(rst\" \"%_p \"\n"
5832 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:445
5833 msgid "Implement the B<-x> option:"
5837 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:451
5840 " \"%07.7_Ax\\(rsn\"\n"
5841 " \"%07.7_ax \" 8/2 \"%04x \" \"\\(rsn\"\n"
5845 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:456
5847 "MBR Boot Signature example: Highlight the addresses cyan and the bytes at "
5848 "offsets 510 and 511 green if their value is 0xAA55, red otherwise."
5852 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:462
5855 " \"%07.7_Ax_L[cyan]\\(rsn\"\n"
5856 " \"%07.7_ax_L[cyan] \" 8/2 \" "
5857 "%04x_L[green:0xAA55@510-511,!red:0xAA55@510-511] \" \"\\(rsn\"\n"
5861 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:468
5863 "Implicit coloring can be disabled by an empty file "
5864 "I</etc/terminal-colors.d/hexdump.disable>."
5868 #: original/man1/hexdump.1:477
5870 "The B<hexdump> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
5875 #: original/man1/ionice.1:10
5881 #: original/man1/ionice.1:32
5882 msgid "ionice - set or get process I/O scheduling class and priority"
5886 #: original/man1/ionice.1:35
5887 msgid "B<ionice> [B<-c> I<class>] [B<-n> I<level>] [B<-t>] B<-p> I<PID>"
5891 #: original/man1/ionice.1:37
5892 msgid "B<ionice> [B<-c> I<class>] [B<-n> I<level>] [B<-t>] B<-P> I<PGID>"
5896 #: original/man1/ionice.1:39
5897 msgid "B<ionice> [B<-c> I<class>] [B<-n> I<level>] [B<-t>] B<-u> I<UID>"
5901 #: original/man1/ionice.1:41
5903 "B<ionice> [B<-c> I<class>] [B<-n> I<level>] [B<-t>] I<command> [argument] "
5908 #: original/man1/ionice.1:44
5910 "This program sets or gets the I/O scheduling class and priority for a "
5911 "program. If no arguments or just B<-p> is given, B<ionice> will query the "
5912 "current I/O scheduling class and priority for that process."
5916 #: original/man1/ionice.1:46
5918 "When I<command> is given, B<ionice> will run this command with the given "
5919 "arguments. If no I<class> is specified, then I<command> will be executed "
5920 "with the \"best-effort\" scheduling class. The default priority level is 4."
5924 #: original/man1/ionice.1:48
5925 msgid "As of this writing, a process can be in one of three scheduling classes:"
5929 #: original/man1/ionice.1:50
5934 #: original/man1/ionice.1:52
5936 "A program running with idle I/O priority will only get disk time when no "
5937 "other program has asked for disk I/O for a defined grace period. The impact "
5938 "of an idle I/O process on normal system activity should be zero. This "
5939 "scheduling class does not take a priority argument. Presently, this "
5940 "scheduling class is permitted for an ordinary user (since kernel 2.6.25)."
5944 #: original/man1/ionice.1:55
5945 msgid "B<Best-effort>"
5949 #: original/man1/ionice.1:57
5951 "This is the effective scheduling class for any process that has not asked "
5952 "for a specific I/O priority. This class takes a priority argument from "
5953 "I<0-7>, with a lower number being higher priority. Programs running at the "
5954 "same best-effort priority are served in a round-robin fashion."
5958 #: original/man1/ionice.1:59
5960 "Note that before kernel 2.6.26 a process that has not asked for an I/O "
5961 "priority formally uses \"B<none>\" as scheduling class, but the I/O "
5962 "scheduler will treat such processes as if it were in the best-effort "
5963 "class. The priority within the best-effort class will be dynamically derived "
5964 "from the CPU nice level of the process: io_priority = (cpu_nice + 20) / 5."
5968 #: original/man1/ionice.1:61
5970 "For kernels after 2.6.26 with the CFQ I/O scheduler, a process that has not "
5971 "asked for an I/O priority inherits its CPU scheduling class. The I/O "
5972 "priority is derived from the CPU nice level of the process (same as before "
5977 #: original/man1/ionice.1:64
5982 #: original/man1/ionice.1:66
5984 "The RT scheduling class is given first access to the disk, regardless of "
5985 "what else is going on in the system. Thus the RT class needs to be used with "
5986 "some care, as it can starve other processes. As with the best-effort class, "
5987 "8 priority levels are defined denoting how big a time slice a given process "
5988 "will receive on each scheduling window. This scheduling class is not "
5989 "permitted for an ordinary (i.e., non-root) user."
5993 #: original/man1/ionice.1:70
5994 msgid "B<-c>, B<--class> I<class>"
5998 #: original/man1/ionice.1:72
6000 "Specify the name or number of the scheduling class to use; \\f(CR0\\fR for "
6001 "none, \\f(CR1\\fR for realtime, \\f(CR2\\fR for best-effort, \\f(CR3\\fR for "
6006 #: original/man1/ionice.1:75
6007 msgid "B<-n>, B<--classdata> I<level>"
6011 #: original/man1/ionice.1:77
6013 "Specify the scheduling class data. This only has an effect if the class "
6014 "accepts an argument. For realtime and best-effort, I<0-7> are valid data "
6015 "(priority levels), and \\f(CR0\\fR represents the highest priority level."
6019 #: original/man1/ionice.1:80
6020 msgid "B<-p>, B<--pid> I<PID>..."
6024 #: original/man1/ionice.1:82
6026 "Specify the process IDs of running processes for which to get or set the "
6027 "scheduling parameters."
6031 #: original/man1/ionice.1:85
6032 msgid "B<-P>, B<--pgid> I<PGID>..."
6036 #: original/man1/ionice.1:87
6038 "Specify the process group IDs of running processes for which to get or set "
6039 "the scheduling parameters."
6043 #: original/man1/ionice.1:90
6044 msgid "B<-t>, B<--ignore>"
6048 #: original/man1/ionice.1:92
6050 "Ignore failure to set the requested priority. If I<command> was specified, "
6051 "run it even in case it was not possible to set the desired scheduling "
6052 "priority, which can happen due to insufficient privileges or an old kernel "
6057 #: original/man1/ionice.1:100
6058 msgid "B<-u>, B<--uid> I<UID>..."
6062 #: original/man1/ionice.1:102
6064 "Specify the user IDs of running processes for which to get or set the "
6065 "scheduling parameters."
6069 #: original/man1/ionice.1:111
6071 "Linux supports I/O scheduling priorities and classes since 2.6.13 with the "
6072 "CFQ I/O scheduler."
6076 #: original/man1/ionice.1:122
6077 msgid "# B<ionice> -c 3 -p 89"
6081 #: original/man1/ionice.1:125
6082 msgid "Sets process with PID 89 as an idle I/O process."
6086 #: original/man1/ionice.1:135
6087 msgid "# B<ionice> -c 2 -n 0 bash"
6091 #: original/man1/ionice.1:138
6092 msgid "Runs \\(aqbash\\(aq as a best-effort program with highest priority."
6096 #: original/man1/ionice.1:148
6097 msgid "# B<ionice> -p 89 91"
6101 #: original/man1/ionice.1:151
6102 msgid "Prints the class and priority of the processes with PID 89 and 91."
6106 #: original/man1/ionice.1:158
6107 msgid "B<ioprio_set>(2)"
6111 #: original/man1/ionice.1:165
6113 "The B<ionice> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
6118 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:10
6124 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:32
6125 msgid "ipcmk - make various IPC resources"
6129 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:35
6130 msgid "B<ipcmk> [options]"
6134 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:38
6136 "B<ipcmk> allows you to create System V inter-process communication (IPC) "
6137 "objects: shared memory segments, message queues, and semaphore arrays."
6141 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:41
6142 msgid "Resources can be specified with these options:"
6146 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:43
6147 msgid "B<-M>, B<--shmem> I<size>"
6151 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:45
6153 "Create a shared memory segment of I<size> bytes. The I<size> argument may be "
6154 "followed by the multiplicative suffixes KiB (=1024), MiB (=1024*1024), and "
6155 "so on for GiB, etc. (the \"iB\" is optional, e.g., \"K\" has the same "
6156 "meaning as \"KiB\") or the suffixes KB (=1000), MB (=1000*1000), and so on "
6161 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:48
6162 msgid "B<-Q>, B<--queue>"
6166 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:50
6167 msgid "Create a message queue."
6171 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:53
6172 msgid "B<-S>, B<--semaphore> I<number>"
6176 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:55
6177 msgid "Create a semaphore array with I<number> of elements."
6181 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:58
6182 msgid "Other options are:"
6186 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:60
6187 msgid "B<-p>, B<--mode> I<mode>"
6191 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:62
6192 msgid "Access permissions for the resource. Default is 0644."
6196 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:81
6197 msgid "B<ipcrm>(1), B<ipcs>(1), B<sysvipc>(7)"
6201 #: original/man1/ipcmk.1:88
6203 "The B<ipcmk> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
6208 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:10
6214 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:32
6215 msgid "ipcrm - remove certain IPC resources"
6219 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:35
6220 msgid "B<ipcrm> [options]"
6224 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:37
6225 msgid "B<ipcrm> [B<shm>|B<msg>|B<sem>] I<ID> ..."
6229 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:40
6231 "B<ipcrm> removes System V inter-process communication (IPC) objects and "
6232 "associated data structures from the system. In order to delete such objects, "
6233 "you must be superuser, or the creator or owner of the object."
6237 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:42
6239 "System V IPC objects are of three types: shared memory, message queues, and "
6240 "semaphores. Deletion of a message queue or semaphore object is immediate "
6241 "(regardless of whether any process still holds an IPC identifier for the "
6242 "object). A shared memory object is only removed after all currently attached "
6243 "processes have detached (B<shmdt>(2)) the object from their virtual address "
6248 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:44
6250 "Two syntax styles are supported. The old Linux historical syntax specifies a "
6251 "three-letter keyword indicating which class of object is to be deleted, "
6252 "followed by one or more IPC identifiers for objects of this type."
6256 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:46
6258 "The SUS-compliant syntax allows the specification of zero or more objects of "
6259 "all three types in a single command line, with objects specified either by "
6260 "key or by identifier (see below). Both keys and identifiers may be specified "
6261 "in decimal, hexadecimal (specified with an initial \\(aq0x\\(aq or "
6262 "\\(aq0X\\(aq), or octal (specified with an initial \\(aq0\\(aq)."
6266 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:48
6268 "The details of the removes are described in B<shmctl>(2), B<msgctl>(2), and "
6269 "B<semctl>(2). The identifiers and keys can be found by using B<ipcs>(1)."
6273 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:51
6274 msgid "B<-a>, B<--all> [B<shm>] [B<msg>] [B<sem>]"
6278 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:53
6280 "Remove all resources. When an option argument is provided, the removal is "
6281 "performed only for the specified resource types."
6285 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:55
6287 "I<Warning!> Do not use B<-a> if you are unsure how the software using the "
6288 "resources might react to missing objects. Some programs create these "
6289 "resources at startup and may not have any code to deal with an unexpected "
6294 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:58
6295 msgid "B<-M>, B<--shmem-key> I<shmkey>"
6299 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:60
6301 "Remove the shared memory segment created with I<shmkey> after the last "
6302 "detach is performed."
6306 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:63
6307 msgid "B<-m>, B<--shmem-id> I<shmid>"
6311 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:65
6313 "Remove the shared memory segment identified by I<shmid> after the last "
6314 "detach is performed."
6318 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:68
6319 msgid "B<-Q>, B<--queue-key> I<msgkey>"
6323 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:70
6324 msgid "Remove the message queue created with I<msgkey>."
6328 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:73
6329 msgid "B<-q>, B<--queue-id> I<msgid>"
6333 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:75
6334 msgid "Remove the message queue identified by I<msgid>."
6338 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:78
6339 msgid "B<-S>, B<--semaphore-key> I<semkey>"
6343 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:80
6344 msgid "Remove the semaphore created with I<semkey>."
6348 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:83
6349 msgid "B<-s>, B<--semaphore-id> I<semid>"
6353 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:85
6354 msgid "Remove the semaphore identified by I<semid>."
6358 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:99
6360 "In its first Linux implementation, B<ipcrm> used the deprecated syntax shown "
6361 "in the second line of the B<SYNOPSIS>. Functionality present in other *nix "
6362 "implementations of B<ipcrm> has since been added, namely the ability to "
6363 "delete resources by key (not just identifier), and to respect the same "
6364 "command-line syntax. For backward compatibility the previous syntax is still "
6369 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:112
6371 "B<ipcmk>(1), B<ipcs>(1), B<msgctl>(2), B<msgget>(2), B<semctl>(2), "
6372 "B<semget>(2), B<shmctl>(2), B<shmdt>(2), B<shmget>(2), B<ftok>(3), "
6377 #: original/man1/ipcrm.1:119
6379 "The B<ipcrm> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
6384 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:10
6390 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:32
6391 msgid "ipcs - show information on IPC facilities"
6395 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:35
6396 msgid "B<ipcs> [options]"
6400 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:38
6402 "B<ipcs> shows information on System V inter-process communication "
6403 "facilities. By default it shows information about all three resources: "
6404 "shared memory segments, message queues, and semaphore arrays."
6408 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:41 original/man1/lsipc.1:41
6409 msgid "B<-i>, B<--id> I<id>"
6413 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:43
6415 "Show full details on just the one resource element identified by I<id>. This "
6416 "option needs to be combined with one of the three resource options: B<-m>, "
6421 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:54 original/man1/lsipc.1:59
6423 msgid "Resource options"
6427 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:57 original/man1/lsipc.1:62
6428 msgid "B<-m>, B<--shmems>"
6432 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:59 original/man1/lsipc.1:64
6433 msgid "Write information about active shared memory segments."
6437 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:62 original/man1/lsipc.1:67
6438 msgid "B<-q>, B<--queues>"
6442 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:64 original/man1/lsipc.1:69
6443 msgid "Write information about active message queues."
6447 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:67 original/man1/lsipc.1:72
6448 msgid "B<-s>, B<--semaphores>"
6452 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:69 original/man1/lsipc.1:74
6453 msgid "Write information about active semaphore sets."
6457 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:72 original/man1/kill.1:97 original/man1/lscpu.1:51
6458 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:51 original/man1/nsenter.1:85
6459 msgid "B<-a>, B<--all>"
6463 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:74
6464 msgid "Write information about all three resources (default)."
6468 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:75
6470 msgid "Output formats"
6474 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:78
6475 msgid "Of these options only one takes effect: the last one specified."
6479 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:80 original/man1/lsipc.1:78
6480 msgid "B<-c>, B<--creator>"
6484 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:82 original/man1/lsipc.1:80
6485 msgid "Show creator and owner."
6489 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:85
6490 msgid "B<-l>, B<--limits>"
6494 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:87
6495 msgid "Show resource limits."
6499 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:92
6500 msgid "Show PIDs of creator and last operator."
6504 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:95 original/man1/lsipc.1:128 original/man1/uuidgen.1:50
6505 msgid "B<-t>, B<--time>"
6509 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:97 original/man1/lsipc.1:130
6511 "Write time information. The time of the last control operation that changed "
6512 "the access permissions for all facilities, the time of the last B<msgsnd>(2) "
6513 "and B<msgrcv>(2) operations on message queues, the time of the last "
6514 "B<shmat>(2) and B<shmdt>(2) operations on shared memory, and the time of the "
6515 "last B<semop>(2) operation on semaphores."
6519 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:100
6520 msgid "B<-u>, B<--summary>"
6524 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:102
6525 msgid "Show status summary."
6529 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:103
6531 msgid "Representation"
6535 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:106
6536 msgid "These affect only the B<-l> (B<--limits>) option."
6540 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:110
6541 msgid "Print sizes in bytes."
6545 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:113
6550 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:115
6551 msgid "Print sizes in human-readable format."
6555 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:119
6557 "The Linux B<ipcs> utility is not fully compatible to the POSIX B<ipcs> "
6558 "utility. The Linux version does not support the POSIX B<-a>, B<-b> and B<-o> "
6559 "options, but does support the B<-l> and B<-u> options not defined by "
6560 "POSIX. A portable application shall not use the B<-a>, B<-b>, B<-o>, B<-l>, "
6561 "and B<-u> options."
6565 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:122
6567 "The current implementation of B<ipcs> obtains information about available "
6568 "IPC resources by parsing the files in I</proc/sysvipc>. Before util-linux "
6569 "version v2.23, an alternate mechanism was used: the B<IPC_STAT> command of "
6570 "B<msgctl>(2), B<semctl>(2), and B<shmctl>(2). This mechanism is also used in "
6571 "later util-linux versions in the case where I</proc> is unavailable. A "
6572 "limitation of the B<IPC_STAT> mechanism is that it can only be used to "
6573 "retrieve information about IPC resources for which the user has read "
6578 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:137 original/man1/lsipc.1:176
6580 "B<ipcmk>(1), B<ipcrm>(1), B<msgrcv>(2), B<msgsnd>(2), B<semget>(2), "
6581 "B<semop>(2), B<shmat>(2), B<shmdt>(2), B<shmget>(2), B<sysvipc>(7)"
6585 #: original/man1/ipcs.1:144
6587 "The B<ipcs> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
6592 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:10
6598 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:32
6599 msgid "irqtop - utility to display kernel interrupt information"
6603 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:35
6604 msgid "B<irqtop> [options]"
6608 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:38
6609 msgid "Display kernel interrupt counter information in B<top>(1) style view."
6613 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:40 original/man1/lsirq.1:40
6615 "The default output is subject to change. So whenever possible, you should "
6616 "avoid using default outputs in your scripts. Always explicitly define "
6617 "expected columns by using B<--output>."
6621 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:45 original/man1/lsirq.1:50
6623 "Specify which output columns to print. Use B<--help> to get a list of all "
6624 "supported columns. The default list of columns may be extended if list is "
6625 "specified in the format I<+list>."
6629 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:48
6630 msgid "B<-d>, B<--delay> I<seconds>"
6634 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:50
6635 msgid "Update interrupt output every I<seconds> intervals."
6639 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:53 original/man1/lsirq.1:53
6640 msgid "B<-s>, B<--sort> I<column>"
6644 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:55
6646 "Specify sort criteria by column name. See B<--help> output to get column "
6647 "names. The sort criteria may be changes in interactive mode."
6651 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:58 original/man1/lsirq.1:68
6652 msgid "B<-S>, B<--softirq>"
6656 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:60 original/man1/lsirq.1:70
6657 msgid "Show softirqs information."
6661 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:71
6663 msgid "INTERACTIVE MODE KEY COMMANDS"
6667 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:74
6672 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:76
6673 msgid "sort by short irq name or number field"
6677 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:79
6682 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:81
6683 msgid "sort by total count of interrupts (the default)"
6687 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:84
6692 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:86
6693 msgid "sort by delta count of interrupts"
6697 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:89 original/man1/mesg.1:45 original/man1/more.1:171
6702 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:91
6703 msgid "sort by long descriptive name field"
6707 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:94
6712 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:96
6713 msgid "stop updates and exit program"
6717 #: original/man1/irqtop.1:109
6719 "The B<irqtop> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
6724 #: original/man1/kill.1:10
6730 #: original/man1/kill.1:32
6731 msgid "kill - terminate a process"
6735 #: original/man1/kill.1:35
6737 "B<kill> [-signal|B<-s> I<signal>|B<-p>] [B<-q> I<value>] [B<-a>] "
6738 "[B<--timeout> I<milliseconds> I<signal>] [B<-->] I<pid>|I<name>..."
6742 #: original/man1/kill.1:37
6743 msgid "B<kill> B<-l> [I<number>] | B<-L>"
6747 #: original/man1/kill.1:40
6749 "The command B<kill> sends the specified I<signal> to the specified processes "
6750 "or process groups."
6754 #: original/man1/kill.1:42
6756 "If no signal is specified, the TERM signal is sent. The default action for "
6757 "this signal is to terminate the process. This signal should be used in "
6758 "preference to the KILL signal (number 9), since a process may install a "
6759 "handler for the TERM signal in order to perform clean-up steps before "
6760 "terminating in an orderly fashion. If a process does not terminate after a "
6761 "TERM signal has been sent, then the KILL signal may be used; be aware that "
6762 "the latter signal cannot be caught, and so does not give the target process "
6763 "the opportunity to perform any clean-up before terminating."
6767 #: original/man1/kill.1:44
6769 "Most modern shells have a builtin B<kill> command, with a usage rather "
6770 "similar to that of the command described here. The B<--all>, B<--pid>, and "
6771 "B<--queue> options, and the possibility to specify processes by command "
6772 "name, are local extensions."
6776 #: original/man1/kill.1:46
6778 "If I<signal> is 0, then no actual signal is sent, but error checking is "
6783 #: original/man1/kill.1:49
6784 msgid "The list of processes to be signaled can be a mixture of names and PIDs."
6788 #: original/man1/kill.1:51
6793 #: original/man1/kill.1:53
6794 msgid "Each I<pid> can be expressed in one of the following ways:"
6798 #: original/man1/kill.1:55
6803 #: original/man1/kill.1:57
6804 msgid "where I<n> is larger than 0. The process with PID I<n> is signaled."
6808 #: original/man1/kill.1:60 original/man1/kill.1:140 original/man1/mesg.1:76
6809 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:76 original/man1/rename.1:91
6814 #: original/man1/kill.1:62
6815 msgid "All processes in the current process group are signaled."
6819 #: original/man1/kill.1:65
6824 #: original/man1/kill.1:67
6825 msgid "All processes with a PID larger than 1 are signaled."
6829 #: original/man1/kill.1:70
6834 #: original/man1/kill.1:72
6836 "where I<n> is larger than 1. All processes in process group I<n> are "
6837 "signaled. When an argument of the form \\(aq-n\\(aq is given, and it is "
6838 "meant to denote a process group, either a signal must be specified first, or "
6839 "the argument must be preceded by a \\(aq--\\(aq option, otherwise it will be "
6840 "taken as the signal to send."
6844 #: original/man1/kill.1:76
6849 #: original/man1/kill.1:78
6850 msgid "All processes invoked using this I<name> will be signaled."
6854 #: original/man1/kill.1:82
6855 msgid "B<-s>, B<--signal> I<signal>"
6859 #: original/man1/kill.1:84
6860 msgid "The signal to send. It may be given as a name or a number."
6864 #: original/man1/kill.1:87
6865 msgid "B<-l>, B<--list> [I<number>]"
6869 #: original/man1/kill.1:89
6871 "Print a list of signal names, or convert the given signal number to a "
6872 "name. The signals can be found in I</usr/include/linux/signal.h>."
6876 #: original/man1/kill.1:92
6877 msgid "B<-L>, B<--table>"
6881 #: original/man1/kill.1:94
6883 "Similar to B<-l>, but it will print signal names and their corresponding "
6888 #: original/man1/kill.1:99
6890 "Do not restrict the command-name-to-PID conversion to processes with the "
6891 "same UID as the present process."
6895 #: original/man1/kill.1:104
6897 "Only print the process ID (PID) of the named processes, do not send any "
6902 #: original/man1/kill.1:109
6903 msgid "Print PID(s) that will be signaled with B<kill> along with the signal."
6907 #: original/man1/kill.1:112
6908 msgid "B<-q>, B<--queue> I<value>"
6912 #: original/man1/kill.1:114
6914 "Send the signal using B<sigqueue>(3) rather than B<kill>(2). The I<value> "
6915 "argument is an integer that is sent along with the signal. If the receiving "
6916 "process has installed a handler for this signal using the B<SA_SIGINFO> flag "
6917 "to B<sigaction>(2), then it can obtain this data via the I<si_sigval> field "
6918 "of the I<siginfo_t> structure."
6922 #: original/man1/kill.1:117
6923 msgid "B<--timeout> I<milliseconds signal>"
6927 #: original/man1/kill.1:119
6929 "Send a signal defined in the usual way to a process, followed by an "
6930 "additional signal after a specified delay. The B<--timeout> option causes "
6931 "B<kill> to wait for a period defined in I<milliseconds> before sending a "
6932 "follow-up I<signal> to the process. This feature is implemented using the "
6933 "Linux kernel PID file descriptor feature in order to guarantee that the "
6934 "follow-up signal is sent to the same process or not sent if the process no "
6939 #: original/man1/kill.1:121
6941 "Note that the operating system may re-use PIDs and implementing an "
6942 "equivalent feature in a shell using B<kill> and B<sleep> would be subject to "
6943 "races whereby the follow-up signal might be sent to a different process that "
6944 "used a recycled PID."
6948 #: original/man1/kill.1:123
6950 "The B<--timeout> option can be specified multiple times: the signals are "
6951 "sent sequentially with the specified timeouts. The B<--timeout> option can "
6952 "be combined with the B<--queue> option."
6956 #: original/man1/kill.1:125
6958 "As an example, the following command sends the signals QUIT, TERM and KILL "
6959 "in sequence and waits for 1000 milliseconds between sending the signals:"
6963 #: original/man1/kill.1:131
6966 "kill --verbose --timeout 1000 TERM --timeout 1000 KILL \\(rs\n"
6967 " --signal QUIT 12345\n"
6971 #: original/man1/kill.1:138
6972 msgid "B<kill> has the following exit status values:"
6976 #: original/man1/kill.1:142
6981 #: original/man1/kill.1:145 original/man1/mesg.1:81
6982 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:81 original/man1/rename.1:96
6987 #: original/man1/kill.1:147
6992 #: original/man1/kill.1:150 original/man1/rename.1:111
6997 #: original/man1/kill.1:152
6998 msgid "partial success (when more than one process specified)"
7002 #: original/man1/kill.1:156
7004 "Although it is possible to specify the TID (thread ID, see B<gettid>(2)) of "
7005 "one of the threads in a multithreaded process as the argument of B<kill>, "
7006 "the signal is nevertheless directed to the process (i.e., the entire thread "
7007 "group). In other words, it is not possible to send a signal to an explicitly "
7008 "selected thread in a multithreaded process. The signal will be delivered to "
7009 "an arbitrarily selected thread in the target process that is not blocking "
7010 "the signal. For more details, see B<signal>(7) and the description of "
7011 "B<CLONE_THREAD> in B<clone>(2)."
7015 #: original/man1/kill.1:158
7017 "Various shells provide a builtin B<kill> command that is preferred in "
7018 "relation to the B<kill>(1) executable described by this manual. The easiest "
7019 "way to ensure one is executing the command described in this page is to use "
7020 "the full path when calling the command, for example: B</bin/kill --version>"
7024 #: original/man1/kill.1:164
7025 msgid "The original version was taken from BSD 4.4."
7029 #: original/man1/kill.1:172
7031 "B<bash>(1), B<tcsh>(1), B<sigaction>(2), B<kill>(2), B<sigqueue>(3), "
7036 #: original/man1/kill.1:179
7038 "The B<kill> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
7043 #: original/man1/last.1:10
7049 #: original/man1/last.1:32
7050 msgid "last, lastb - show a listing of last logged in users"
7054 #: original/man1/last.1:35
7055 msgid "B<last> [options] [I<username>...] [I<tty>...]"
7059 #: original/man1/last.1:37
7060 msgid "B<lastb> [options] [I<username>...] [I<tty>...]"
7064 #: original/man1/last.1:40
7066 "B<last> searches back through the I</var/log/wtmp> file (or the file "
7067 "designated by the B<-f> option) and displays a list of all users logged in "
7068 "(and out) since that file was created. One or more I<usernames> and/or "
7069 "I<ttys> can be given, in which case B<last> will show only the entries "
7070 "matching those arguments. Names of I<ttys> can be abbreviated, thus B<last "
7071 "0> is the same as B<last tty0>."
7075 #: original/man1/last.1:42
7077 "When catching a B<SIGINT> signal (generated by the interrupt key, usually "
7078 "control-C) or a SIGQUIT signal, B<last> will show how far it has searched "
7079 "through the file; in the case of the B<SIGINT> signal B<last> will then "
7084 #: original/man1/last.1:44
7086 "The pseudo user B<reboot> logs in each time the system is rebooted. Thus "
7087 "B<last reboot> will show a log of all the reboots since the log file was "
7092 #: original/man1/last.1:46
7094 "B<lastb> is the same as B<last>, except that by default it shows a log of "
7095 "the I</var/log/btmp> file, which contains all the bad login attempts."
7099 #: original/man1/last.1:49
7100 msgid "B<-a>, B<--hostlast>"
7104 #: original/man1/last.1:51
7106 "Display the hostname in the last column. Useful in combination with the "
7111 #: original/man1/last.1:54
7112 msgid "B<-d>, B<--dns>"
7116 #: original/man1/last.1:56
7118 "For non-local logins, Linux stores not only the host name of the remote "
7119 "host, but its IP number as well. This option translates the IP number back "
7124 #: original/man1/last.1:59 original/man1/logger.1:55 original/man1/mcookie.1:50
7125 msgid "B<-f>, B<--file> I<file>"
7129 #: original/man1/last.1:61
7131 "Tell B<last> to use a specific I<file> instead of I</var/log/wtmp>. The "
7132 "B<--file> option can be given multiple times, and all of the specified files "
7133 "will be processed."
7137 #: original/man1/last.1:64
7138 msgid "B<-F>, B<--fulltimes>"
7142 #: original/man1/last.1:66
7143 msgid "Print full login and logout times and dates."
7147 #: original/man1/last.1:69
7148 msgid "B<-i>, B<--ip>"
7152 #: original/man1/last.1:71
7153 msgid "Like B<--dns ,> but displays the host\\(cqs IP number instead of the name."
7157 #: original/man1/last.1:74
7158 msgid "B<->I<number>; B<-n>, B<--limit> I<number>"
7162 #: original/man1/last.1:76
7163 msgid "Tell B<last> how many lines to show."
7167 #: original/man1/last.1:79
7168 msgid "B<-p>, B<--present> I<time>"
7172 #: original/man1/last.1:81
7174 "Display the users who were present at the specified time. This is like using "
7175 "the options B<--since> and B<--until> together with the same I<time>."
7179 #: original/man1/last.1:84
7180 msgid "B<-R>, B<--nohostname>"
7184 #: original/man1/last.1:86
7185 msgid "Suppresses the display of the hostname field."
7189 #: original/man1/last.1:89
7190 msgid "B<-s>, B<--since> I<time>"
7194 #: original/man1/last.1:91
7196 "Display the state of logins since the specified I<time>. This is useful, "
7197 "e.g., to easily determine who was logged in at a particular time. The option "
7198 "is often combined with B<--until>."
7202 #: original/man1/last.1:94
7203 msgid "B<-t>, B<--until> I<time>"
7207 #: original/man1/last.1:96
7208 msgid "Display the state of logins until the specified I<time>."
7212 #: original/man1/last.1:101
7214 "Define the output timestamp I<format> to be one of I<notime>, I<short>, "
7215 "I<full>, or I<iso>. The I<notime> variant will not print any timestamps at "
7216 "all, I<short> is the default, and I<full> is the same as the B<--fulltimes> "
7217 "option. The I<iso> variant will display the timestamp in ISO-8601 "
7218 "format. The ISO format contains timezone information, making it preferable "
7219 "when printouts are investigated outside of the system."
7223 #: original/man1/last.1:104
7224 msgid "B<-w>, B<--fullnames>"
7228 #: original/man1/last.1:106
7229 msgid "Display full user names and domain names in the output."
7233 #: original/man1/last.1:109
7234 msgid "B<-x>, B<--system>"
7238 #: original/man1/last.1:111
7239 msgid "Display the system shutdown entries and run level changes."
7243 #: original/man1/last.1:112
7245 msgid "TIME FORMATS"
7249 #: original/man1/last.1:115
7250 msgid "The options that take the I<time> argument understand the following formats:"
7254 #: original/man1/last.1:121
7256 msgid "YYYYMMDDhhmmss"
7260 #: original/man1/last.1:128
7262 msgid "YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss"
7266 #: original/man1/last.1:135
7268 msgid "YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm"
7272 #: original/man1/last.1:138
7274 msgid "(seconds will be set to 00)"
7278 #: original/man1/last.1:142
7284 #: original/man1/last.1:145
7286 msgid "(time will be set to 00:00:00)"
7290 #: original/man1/last.1:149
7296 #: original/man1/last.1:152
7298 msgid "(date will be set to today)"
7302 #: original/man1/last.1:156
7308 #: original/man1/last.1:159
7310 msgid "(date will be set to today, seconds to 00)"
7314 #: original/man1/last.1:163
7320 #: original/man1/last.1:170
7326 #: original/man1/last.1:173 original/man1/last.1:180 original/man1/last.1:187
7328 msgid "(time is set to 00:00:00)"
7332 #: original/man1/last.1:177
7338 #: original/man1/last.1:184
7344 #: original/man1/last.1:191
7350 #: original/man1/last.1:198
7356 #: original/man1/last.1:204 original/man1/login.1:177 original/man1/look.1:81
7357 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:75 original/man1/mesg.1:89 original/man1/newgrp.1:40
7358 #: original/man1/renice.1:69 original/man1/runuser.1:241 original/man1/su.1:249
7364 #: original/man1/last.1:208
7365 msgid "I</var/log/wtmp>, I</var/log/btmp>"
7369 #: original/man1/last.1:211
7371 "The files I<wtmp> and I<btmp> might not be found. The system only logs "
7372 "information in these files if they are present. This is a local "
7373 "configuration issue. If you want the files to be used, they can be created "
7374 "with a simple B<touch>(1) command (for example, B<touch /var/log/wtmp>)."
7378 #: original/man1/last.1:220
7379 msgid "B<login>(1), B<wtmp>(5), B<init>(8), B<shutdown>(8)"
7383 #: original/man1/last.1:227
7385 "The B<last> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
7390 #: original/man1/line.1:10
7396 #: original/man1/line.1:32
7397 msgid "line - read one line"
7401 #: original/man1/line.1:35
7406 #: original/man1/line.1:38
7408 "The utility B<line> copies one line (up to a newline) from standard input to "
7409 "standard output. It always prints at least a newline and returns an exit "
7410 "status of 1 on EOF or read error."
7414 #: original/man1/line.1:41
7419 #: original/man1/line.1:48
7421 "The B<line> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
7426 #: original/man1/logger.1:10
7432 #: original/man1/logger.1:32
7433 msgid "logger - enter messages into the system log"
7437 #: original/man1/logger.1:35
7438 msgid "B<logger> [options] I<message>"
7442 #: original/man1/logger.1:38
7443 msgid "B<logger> makes entries in the system log."
7447 #: original/man1/logger.1:40
7449 "When the optional I<message> argument is present, it is written to the "
7450 "log. If it is not present, and the B<-f> option is not given either, then "
7451 "standard input is logged."
7455 #: original/man1/logger.1:43
7456 msgid "B<-d>, B<--udp>"
7460 #: original/man1/logger.1:45
7462 "Use datagrams (UDP) only. By default the connection is tried to the syslog "
7463 "port defined in I</etc/services>, which is often 514."
7467 #: original/man1/logger.1:47 original/man1/logger.1:227
7468 msgid "See also B<--server> and B<--socket> to specify where to connect."
7472 #: original/man1/logger.1:50
7473 msgid "B<-e>, B<--skip-empty>"
7477 #: original/man1/logger.1:52
7479 "Ignore empty lines when processing files. An empty line is defined to be a "
7480 "line without any characters. Thus a line consisting only of whitespace is "
7481 "NOT considered empty. Note that when the B<--prio-prefix> option is "
7482 "specified, the priority is not part of the line. Thus an empty line in this "
7483 "mode is a line that does not have any characters after the priority prefix "
7484 "(e.g., B<E<lt>13E<gt>>)."
7488 #: original/man1/logger.1:57
7490 "Log the contents of the specified I<file>. This option cannot be combined "
7491 "with a command-line message."
7495 #: original/man1/logger.1:60
7500 #: original/man1/logger.1:62
7501 msgid "Log the PID of the B<logger> process with each line."
7505 #: original/man1/logger.1:65
7506 msgid "B<--id>[B<=>I<id>]"
7510 #: original/man1/logger.1:67
7512 "Log the PID of the B<logger> process with each line. When the optional "
7513 "argument I<id> is specified, then it is used instead of the B<logger> "
7514 "command\\(cqs PID. The use of B<--id=$$> (PPID) is recommended in scripts "
7515 "that send several messages."
7519 #: original/man1/logger.1:69
7521 "Note that the system logging infrastructure (for example B<systemd> when "
7522 "listening on I</dev/log>) may follow local socket credentials to overwrite "
7523 "the PID specified in the message. B<logger>(1) is able to set those socket "
7524 "credentials to the given I<id>, but only if you have root permissions and a "
7525 "process with the specified PID exists, otherwise the socket credentials are "
7526 "not modified and the problem is silently ignored."
7530 #: original/man1/logger.1:72
7531 msgid "B<--journald>[B<=>I<file>]"
7535 #: original/man1/logger.1:74
7537 "Write a systemd journal entry. The entry is read from the given I<file>, "
7538 "when specified, otherwise from standard input. Each line must begin with a "
7539 "field that is accepted by journald; see B<systemd.journal-fields>(7) for "
7540 "details. The use of a MESSAGE_ID field is generally a good idea, as it makes "
7541 "finding entries easy. Examples:"
7545 #: original/man1/logger.1:87
7548 "logger --journald E<lt>E<lt>end\n"
7549 "MESSAGE_ID=67feb6ffbaf24c5cbec13c008dd72309\n"
7550 "MESSAGE=The dogs bark, but the caravan goes on.\n"
7557 #: original/man1/logger.1:95
7559 msgid "logger --journald=entry.txt\n"
7563 #: original/man1/logger.1:103
7565 "Notice that B<--journald> will ignore values of other options, such as "
7566 "priority. If priority is needed it must be within input, and use PRIORITY "
7567 "field. The simple execution of B<journalctl>(1) will display MESSAGE "
7568 "field. Use B<journalctl --output json-pretty> to see rest of the fields."
7572 #: original/man1/logger.1:106
7574 "+ To include newlines in MESSAGE, specify MESSAGE several times. This is "
7575 "handled as a special case, other fields will be stored as an array in the "
7576 "journal if they appear multiple times."
7580 #: original/man1/logger.1:108
7581 msgid "B<--msgid> I<msgid>"
7585 #: original/man1/logger.1:110
7590 #: original/man1/logger.1:112
7592 "MSGID field. Note that the space character is not permitted inside of "
7593 "I<msgid>. This option is only used if B<--rfc5424> is specified as well; "
7594 "otherwise, it is silently ignored."
7598 #: original/man1/logger.1:115
7599 msgid "B<-n>, B<--server> I<server>"
7603 #: original/man1/logger.1:117
7605 "Write to the specified remote syslog I<server> instead of to the system log "
7606 "socket. Unless B<--udp> or B<--tcp> is specified, B<logger> will first try "
7607 "to use UDP, but if this fails a TCP connection is attempted."
7611 #: original/man1/logger.1:120
7616 #: original/man1/logger.1:122
7618 "Causes everything to be done except for writing the log message to the "
7619 "system log, and removing the connection or the journal. This option can be "
7620 "used together with B<--stderr> for testing purposes."
7624 #: original/man1/logger.1:125
7625 msgid "B<--octet-count>"
7629 #: original/man1/logger.1:127 original/man1/logger.1:153
7630 #: original/man1/logger.1:160
7635 #: original/man1/logger.1:129
7637 "octet counting framing method for sending messages. When this option is not "
7638 "used, the default is no framing on UDP, and RFC6587 non-transparent framing "
7639 "(also known as octet stuffing) on TCP."
7643 #: original/man1/logger.1:132
7644 msgid "B<-P>, B<--port> I<port>"
7648 #: original/man1/logger.1:134
7650 "Use the specified I<port>. When this option is not specified, the port "
7651 "defaults to syslog for udp and to syslog-conn for tcp connections."
7655 #: original/man1/logger.1:137
7656 msgid "B<-p>, B<--priority> I<priority>"
7660 #: original/man1/logger.1:139
7662 "Enter the message into the log with the specified I<priority>. The priority "
7663 "may be specified numerically or as a I<facility>.I<level> pair. For example, "
7664 "B<-p local3.info> logs the message as informational in the local3 "
7665 "facility. The default is B<user.notice>."
7669 #: original/man1/logger.1:142
7670 msgid "B<--prio-prefix>"
7674 #: original/man1/logger.1:144
7676 "Look for a syslog prefix on every line read from standard input. This prefix "
7677 "is a decimal number within angle brackets that encodes both the facility and "
7678 "the level. The number is constructed by multiplying the facility by 8 and "
7679 "then adding the level. For example, B<local0.info>, meaning facility=16 and "
7680 "level=6, becomes B<E<lt>134E<gt>>."
7684 #: original/man1/logger.1:146
7686 "If the prefix contains no facility, the facility defaults to what is "
7687 "specified by the B<-p> option. Similarly, if no prefix is provided, the line "
7688 "is logged using the I<priority> given with B<-p>."
7692 #: original/man1/logger.1:148
7693 msgid "This option doesn\\(cqt affect a command-line message."
7697 #: original/man1/logger.1:151
7698 msgid "B<--rfc3164>"
7702 #: original/man1/logger.1:155
7703 msgid "BSD syslog protocol to submit messages to a remote server."
7707 #: original/man1/logger.1:158
7708 msgid "B<--rfc5424>[B<=>I<without>]"
7712 #: original/man1/logger.1:162
7714 "syslog protocol to submit messages to a remote server. The optional "
7715 "I<without> argument can be a comma-separated list of the following values: "
7716 "B<notq>, B<notime>, B<nohost>."
7720 #: original/man1/logger.1:164
7722 "The B<notq> value suppresses the time-quality structured data from the "
7723 "submitted message. The time-quality information shows whether the local "
7724 "clock was synchronized plus the maximum number of microseconds the timestamp "
7725 "might be off. The time quality is also automatically suppressed when "
7726 "B<--sd-id timeQuality> is specified."
7730 #: original/man1/logger.1:166
7732 "The B<notime> value (which implies B<notq>) suppresses the complete sender "
7733 "timestamp that is in ISO-8601 format, including microseconds and timezone."
7737 #: original/man1/logger.1:168
7739 "The B<nohost> value suppresses B<gethostname>(2) information from the "
7744 #: original/man1/logger.1:170
7745 msgid "The RFC 5424 protocol has been the default for B<logger> since version 2.26."
7749 #: original/man1/logger.1:173
7750 msgid "B<-s>, B<--stderr>"
7754 #: original/man1/logger.1:175
7755 msgid "Output the message to standard error as well as to the system log."
7759 #: original/man1/logger.1:178
7760 msgid "B<--sd-id> I<name>[B<@>I<digits>]"
7764 #: original/man1/logger.1:180
7766 "Specifies a structured data element ID for an RFC 5424 message header. The "
7767 "option has to be used before B<--sd-param> to introduce a new element. The "
7768 "number of structured data elements is unlimited. The ID (I<name> plus "
7769 "possibly B<@>I<digits>) is case-sensitive and uniquely identifies the type "
7770 "and purpose of the element. The same ID must not exist more than once in a "
7771 "message. The B<@>I<digits> part is required for user-defined "
7772 "non-standardized IDs."
7776 #: original/man1/logger.1:182
7778 "B<logger> currently generates the B<timeQuality> standardized element "
7779 "only. RFC 5424 also describes the elements B<origin> (with parameters ip, "
7780 "enterpriseId, software and swVersion) and B<meta> (with parameters "
7781 "sequenceId, sysUpTime and language). These element IDs may be specified "
7782 "without the B<@>I<digits> suffix."
7786 #: original/man1/logger.1:185
7787 msgid "B<--sd-param> I<name>=I<value>"
7791 #: original/man1/logger.1:187
7793 "Specifies a structured data element parameter, a name and value pair. The "
7794 "option has to be used after B<--sd-id> and may be specified more than once "
7795 "for the same element. Note that the quotation marks around I<value> are "
7796 "required and must be escaped on the command line."
7800 #: original/man1/logger.1:197
7803 " logger --rfc5424 --sd-id zoo@123 \\(rs\n"
7804 " --sd-param tiger=\"hungry\" \\(rs\n"
7805 " --sd-param zebra=\"running\" \\(rs\n"
7806 " --sd-id manager@123 \\(rs\n"
7807 " --sd-param onMeeting=\"yes\" \\(rs\n"
7808 " \"this is message\"\n"
7812 #: original/man1/logger.1:202
7817 #: original/man1/logger.1:204
7819 "B<E<lt>13E<gt>1 2015-10-01T14:07:59.168662+02:00 ws kzak - - [timeQuality "
7820 "tzKnown=\"1\" isSynced=\"1\" syncAccuracy=\"218616\"][zoo@123 "
7821 "tiger=\"hungry\" zebra=\"running\"][manager@123 onMeeting=\"yes\"] this is "
7826 #: original/man1/logger.1:207
7827 msgid "B<-S>, B<--size> I<size>"
7831 #: original/man1/logger.1:209
7833 "Sets the maximum permitted message size to I<size>. The default is 1KiB "
7834 "characters, which is the limit traditionally used and specified in RFC "
7835 "3164. With RFC 5424, this limit has become flexible. A good assumption is "
7836 "that RFC 5424 receivers can at least process 4KiB messages."
7840 #: original/man1/logger.1:211
7842 "Most receivers accept messages larger than 1KiB over any type of syslog "
7843 "protocol. As such, the B<--size> option affects B<logger> in all cases (not "
7844 "only when B<--rfc5424> was used)."
7848 #: original/man1/logger.1:213
7850 "Note: the message-size limit limits the overall message size, including the "
7851 "syslog header. Header sizes vary depending on the selected options and the "
7852 "hostname length. As a rule of thumb, headers are usually not longer than 50 "
7853 "to 80 characters. When selecting a maximum message size, it is important to "
7854 "ensure that the receiver supports the max size as well, otherwise messages "
7855 "may become truncated. Again, as a rule of thumb two to four KiB message size "
7856 "should generally be OK, whereas anything larger should be verified to work."
7860 #: original/man1/logger.1:216
7861 msgid "B<--socket-errors>[B<=>I<mode>]"
7865 #: original/man1/logger.1:218
7867 "Print errors about Unix socket connections. The I<mode> can be a value of "
7868 "B<off>, B<on>, or B<auto>. When the mode is B<auto>, then B<logger> will "
7869 "detect if the init process is B<systemd>(1), and if so assumption is made "
7870 "I</dev/log> can be used early at boot. Other init systems lack of "
7871 "I</dev/log> will not cause errors that is identical with messaging using "
7872 "B<openlog>(3) system call. The B<logger>(1) before version 2.26 used "
7873 "openlog, and hence was unable to detected loss of messages sent to Unix "
7878 #: original/man1/logger.1:220
7880 "The default mode is B<auto>. When errors are not enabled lost messages are "
7881 "not communicated and will result to successful exit status of B<logger>(1) "
7886 #: original/man1/logger.1:223
7887 msgid "B<-T>, B<--tcp>"
7891 #: original/man1/logger.1:225
7893 "Use stream (TCP) only. By default the connection is tried to the "
7894 "I<syslog-conn> port defined in I</etc/services>, which is often I<601>."
7898 #: original/man1/logger.1:230
7899 msgid "B<-t>, B<--tag> I<tag>"
7903 #: original/man1/logger.1:232
7905 "Mark every line to be logged with the specified I<tag>. The default tag is "
7906 "the name of the user logged in on the terminal (or a user name based on "
7907 "effective user ID)."
7911 #: original/man1/logger.1:235
7912 msgid "B<-u>, B<--socket> I<socket>"
7916 #: original/man1/logger.1:237
7917 msgid "Write to the specified I<socket> instead of to the system log socket."
7921 #: original/man1/logger.1:240
7926 #: original/man1/logger.1:242
7928 "End the argument list. This allows the I<message> to start with a hyphen "
7933 #: original/man1/logger.1:256
7934 msgid "The B<logger> utility exits 0 on success, and E<gt>0 if an error occurs."
7938 #: original/man1/logger.1:256
7940 msgid "FACILITIES AND LEVELS"
7944 #: original/man1/logger.1:259
7945 msgid "Valid facility names are:"
7949 #: original/man1/logger.1:261
7954 #: original/man1/logger.1:263
7955 msgid "B<authpriv> for security information of a sensitive nature"
7959 #: original/man1/logger.1:265
7964 #: original/man1/logger.1:268
7969 #: original/man1/logger.1:270
7974 #: original/man1/logger.1:272
7976 "B<kern> cannot be generated from userspace process, automatically converted "
7981 #: original/man1/logger.1:275
7986 #: original/man1/logger.1:277
7991 #: original/man1/logger.1:279
7996 #: original/man1/logger.1:281
8001 #: original/man1/logger.1:283
8006 #: original/man1/logger.1:285
8011 #: original/man1/logger.1:287
8016 #: original/man1/logger.1:289
8021 #: original/man1/logger.1:291
8026 #: original/man1/logger.1:293
8027 msgid "B<security> deprecated synonym for B<auth>"
8031 #: original/man1/logger.1:295
8032 msgid "Valid level names are:"
8036 #: original/man1/logger.1:297
8041 #: original/man1/logger.1:305
8046 #: original/man1/logger.1:307
8051 #: original/man1/logger.1:309
8056 #: original/man1/logger.1:311
8061 #: original/man1/logger.1:313
8062 msgid "B<panic> deprecated synonym for B<emerg>"
8066 #: original/man1/logger.1:315
8067 msgid "B<error> deprecated synonym for B<err>"
8071 #: original/man1/logger.1:317
8072 msgid "B<warn> deprecated synonym for B<warning>"
8076 #: original/man1/logger.1:320
8078 "For the priority order and intended purposes of these facilities and levels, "
8083 #: original/man1/logger.1:323
8085 "The B<logger> command is expected to be IEEE Std 1003.2 (\"POSIX.2\") "
8090 #: original/man1/logger.1:326
8092 "B<logger System rebooted> B<logger -p local0.notice -t HOSTIDM -f /dev/idmc> "
8093 "B<logger -n loghost.example.com System rebooted>"
8097 #: original/man1/logger.1:329
8099 "The B<logger> command was originally written by University of California in "
8100 "1983-1993 and later rewritten by"
8104 #: original/man1/logger.1:338
8105 msgid "B<journalctl>(1), B<syslog>(3), B<systemd.journal-fields>(7)"
8109 #: original/man1/logger.1:345
8111 "The B<logger> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
8116 #: original/man1/login.1:10
8122 #: original/man1/login.1:32
8123 msgid "login - begin session on the system"
8127 #: original/man1/login.1:35
8128 msgid "B<login> [B<-p>] [B<-h> I<host>] [B<-H>] [B<-f> I<username>|I<username>]"
8132 #: original/man1/login.1:38
8134 "B<login> is used when signing onto a system. If no argument is given, "
8135 "B<login> prompts for the username."
8139 #: original/man1/login.1:40
8141 "The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate. Echoing is "
8142 "disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a number of password "
8143 "failures are permitted before B<login> exits and the communications link is "
8144 "severed. See B<LOGIN_RETRIES> in CONFIG FILE ITEMS section."
8148 #: original/man1/login.1:42
8150 "If password aging has been enabled for the account, the user may be prompted "
8151 "for a new password before proceeding. In such case old password must be "
8152 "provided and the new password entered before continuing. Please refer to "
8153 "B<passwd>(1) for more information."
8157 #: original/man1/login.1:44
8159 "The user and group ID will be set according to their values in the "
8160 "I</etc/passwd> file. There is one exception if the user ID is zero. In this "
8161 "case, only the primary group ID of the account is set. This should allow the "
8162 "system administrator to login even in case of network problems. The "
8163 "environment variable values for B<$HOME>, B<$USER>, B<$SHELL>, B<$PATH>, "
8164 "B<$LOGNAME>, and B<$MAIL> are set according to the appropriate fields in the "
8165 "password entry. B<$PATH> defaults to I</usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin> for "
8166 "normal users, and to "
8167 "I</usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin> for root, if "
8168 "not otherwise configured."
8172 #: original/man1/login.1:46
8174 "The environment variable B<$TERM> will be preserved, if it exists, else it "
8175 "will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty. Other environment "
8176 "variables are preserved if the B<-p> option is given."
8180 #: original/man1/login.1:48
8182 "Then the user\\(cqs shell is started. If no shell is specified for the user "
8183 "in I</etc/passwd>, then I</bin/sh> is used. If there is no home directory "
8184 "specified in I</etc/passwd>, then I</> is used, followed by I<.hushlogin> "
8185 "check as described below."
8189 #: original/man1/login.1:50
8191 "If the file I<.hushlogin> exists, then a \"quiet\" login is performed. This "
8192 "disables the checking of mail and the printing of the last login time and "
8193 "message of the day. Otherwise, if I</var/log/lastlog> exists, the last login "
8194 "time is printed, and the current login is recorded."
8198 #: original/man1/login.1:53
8203 #: original/man1/login.1:55
8204 msgid "Used by B<getty>(8) to tell B<login> to preserve the environment."
8208 #: original/man1/login.1:58 original/man1/pg.1:72 original/man1/whereis.1:98
8213 #: original/man1/login.1:60
8215 "Used to skip a login authentication. This option is usually used by the "
8216 "B<getty>(8) autologin feature."
8220 #: original/man1/login.1:63
8225 #: original/man1/login.1:65
8227 "Used by other servers (such as B<telnetd>(8) to pass the name of the remote "
8228 "host to B<login> so that it can be placed in utmp and wtmp. Only the "
8229 "superuser is allowed use this option."
8233 #: original/man1/login.1:67
8235 "Note that the B<-h> option has an impact on the B<PAM service> B<name>. The "
8236 "standard service name is I<login>, but with the B<-h> option, the name is "
8237 "I<remote>. It is necessary to create proper PAM config files (for example, "
8238 "I</etc/pam.d/login> and I</etc/pam.d/remote>)."
8242 #: original/man1/login.1:70
8247 #: original/man1/login.1:72
8249 "Used by other servers (for example, B<telnetd>(8)) to tell B<login> that "
8250 "printing the hostname should be suppressed in the login: prompt. See also "
8251 "B<LOGIN_PLAIN_PROMPT> below."
8255 #: original/man1/login.1:75 original/man1/more.1:98 original/man1/setterm.1:252
8260 #: original/man1/login.1:86
8262 "B<login> reads the I</etc/login.defs> configuration file (see "
8263 "login.defs(5)). Note that the configuration file could be distributed with "
8264 "another package (usually shadow-utils). The following configuration items "
8265 "are relevant for B<login>:"
8269 #: original/man1/login.1:88
8270 msgid "B<MOTD_FILE> (string)"
8274 #: original/man1/login.1:90
8276 "Specifies a \":\" delimited list of \"message of the day\" files and "
8277 "directories to be displayed upon login. If the specified path is a directory "
8278 "then displays all files with .motd file extension in version-sort order from "
8283 #: original/man1/login.1:92
8285 "The default value is I</usr/share/misc/motd:/run/motd:/etc/motd>. If the "
8286 "B<MOTD_FILE> item is empty or a quiet login is enabled, then the message of "
8287 "the day is not displayed. Note that the same functionality is also provided "
8288 "by the B<pam_motd>(8) PAM module."
8292 #: original/man1/login.1:94
8293 msgid "The directories in the B<MOTD_FILE> are supported since version 2.36."
8297 #: original/man1/login.1:96
8299 "Note that B<login> does not implement any filenames overriding behavior like "
8300 "pam_motd (see also B<MOTD_FIRSTONLY>), but all content from all files is "
8301 "displayed. It is recommended to keep extra logic in content generators and "
8302 "use I</run/motd.d> rather than rely on overriding behavior hardcoded in "
8307 #: original/man1/login.1:99
8308 msgid "B<MOTD_FIRSTONLY> (boolean)"
8312 #: original/man1/login.1:101
8314 "Forces B<login> to stop display content specified by B<MOTD_FILE> after the "
8315 "first accessible item in the list. Note that a directory is one item in this "
8316 "case. This option allows B<login> semantics to be configured to be more "
8317 "compatible with pam_motd. The default value is I<no>."
8321 #: original/man1/login.1:104
8322 msgid "B<LOGIN_PLAIN_PROMPT> (boolean)"
8326 #: original/man1/login.1:106
8328 "Tell B<login> that printing the hostname should be suppressed in the login: "
8329 "prompt. This is an alternative to the B<-H> command line option. The default "
8334 #: original/man1/login.1:109
8335 msgid "B<LOGIN_TIMEOUT> (number)"
8339 #: original/man1/login.1:111
8340 msgid "Maximum time in seconds for login. The default value is I<60>."
8344 #: original/man1/login.1:114
8345 msgid "B<LOGIN_RETRIES> (number)"
8349 #: original/man1/login.1:116
8351 "Maximum number of login retries in case of a bad password. The default value "
8356 #: original/man1/login.1:119
8357 msgid "B<LOGIN_KEEP_USERNAME> (boolean)"
8361 #: original/man1/login.1:121
8363 "Tell B<login> to only re-prompt for the password if authentication failed, "
8364 "but the username is valid. The default value is I<no>."
8368 #: original/man1/login.1:124 original/man1/su.1:209
8369 msgid "B<FAIL_DELAY> (number)"
8373 #: original/man1/login.1:126
8375 "Delay in seconds before being allowed another three tries after a login "
8376 "failure. The default value is I<5>."
8380 #: original/man1/login.1:129
8381 msgid "B<TTYPERM> (string)"
8385 #: original/man1/login.1:131
8387 "The terminal permissions. The default value is I<0600> or I<0620> if tty "
8392 #: original/man1/login.1:134
8393 msgid "B<TTYGROUP> (string)"
8397 #: original/man1/login.1:136
8399 "The login tty will be owned by the B<TTYGROUP>. The default value is "
8400 "I<tty>. If the B<TTYGROUP> does not exist, then the ownership of the "
8401 "terminal is set to the user\\(cqs primary group."
8405 #: original/man1/login.1:138
8407 "The B<TTYGROUP> can be either the name of a group or a numeric group "
8412 #: original/man1/login.1:141
8413 msgid "B<HUSHLOGIN_FILE> (string)"
8417 #: original/man1/login.1:143
8419 "If defined, this file can inhibit all the usual chatter during the login "
8420 "sequence. If a full pathname (for example, I</etc/hushlogins>) is specified, "
8421 "then hushed mode will be enabled if the user\\(cqs name or shell are found "
8422 "in the file. If this global hush login file is empty then the hushed mode "
8423 "will be enabled for all users."
8427 #: original/man1/login.1:145
8429 "If a full pathname is not specified, then hushed mode will be enabled if the "
8430 "file exists in the user\\(cqs home directory."
8434 #: original/man1/login.1:147
8436 "The default is to check I</etc/hushlogins> and if it does not exist then "
8441 #: original/man1/login.1:149
8442 msgid "If the B<HUSHLOGIN_FILE> item is empty, then all the checks are disabled."
8446 #: original/man1/login.1:152
8447 msgid "B<DEFAULT_HOME> (boolean)"
8451 #: original/man1/login.1:154
8453 "Indicate if login is allowed if we cannot change directory to the home "
8454 "directory. If set to I<yes>, the user will login in the root (/) directory "
8455 "if it is not possible to change directory to their home. The default value "
8460 #: original/man1/login.1:157
8461 msgid "B<LASTLOG_UID_MAX> (unsigned number)"
8465 #: original/man1/login.1:159
8467 "Highest user ID number for which the I<lastlog> entries should be "
8468 "updated. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and "
8469 "authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse I<lastlog> "
8470 "file for them. No LASTLOG_UID_MAX option present in the configuration means "
8471 "that there is no user ID limit for writing I<lastlog> entries. The default "
8472 "value is I<ULONG_MAX>."
8476 #: original/man1/login.1:162
8477 msgid "B<LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB> (boolean)"
8481 #: original/man1/login.1:164
8483 "Enable display of unknown usernames when login failures are recorded. The "
8484 "default value is I<no>."
8488 #: original/man1/login.1:166
8490 "Note that logging unknown usernames may be a security issue if a user enters "
8491 "their password instead of their login name."
8495 #: original/man1/login.1:169 original/man1/runuser.1:206 original/man1/su.1:214
8496 msgid "B<ENV_PATH> (string)"
8500 #: original/man1/login.1:171
8502 "If set, it will be used to define the B<PATH> environment variable when a "
8503 "regular user logs in. The default value is I</usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin>."
8507 #: original/man1/login.1:174 original/man1/runuser.1:211 original/man1/su.1:219
8508 msgid "B<ENV_ROOTPATH> (string), B<ENV_SUPATH> (string)"
8512 #: original/man1/login.1:176
8514 "If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the "
8515 "superuser logs in. B<ENV_ROOTPATH> takes precedence. The default value is "
8516 "I</usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin>."
8520 #: original/man1/login.1:190
8522 "I</var/run/utmp>, I</var/log/wtmp>, I</var/log/lastlog>, "
8523 "I</var/spool/mail/*>, I</etc/motd>, I</etc/passwd>, I</etc/nologin>, "
8524 "I</etc/pam.d/login>, I</etc/pam.d/remote>, I</etc/hushlogins>, "
8525 "I<$HOME/.hushlogin>"
8529 #: original/man1/login.1:193
8531 "The undocumented BSD B<-r> option is not supported. This may be required by "
8532 "some B<rlogind>(8) programs."
8536 #: original/man1/login.1:195
8538 "A recursive login, as used to be possible in the good old days, no longer "
8539 "works; for most purposes B<su>(1) is a satisfactory substitute. Indeed, for "
8540 "security reasons, B<login> does a B<vhangup>(2) system call to remove any "
8541 "possible listening processes on the tty. This is to avoid password "
8542 "sniffing. If one uses the command B<login>, then the surrounding shell gets "
8543 "killed by B<vhangup>(2) because it\\(cqs no longer the true owner of the "
8544 "tty. This can be avoided by using B<exec login> in a top-level shell or "
8549 #: original/man1/login.1:198
8550 msgid "Derived from BSD login 5.40 (5/9/89) by"
8554 #: original/man1/login.1:200
8555 msgid "for HP-UX. Ported to Linux 0.12:"
8559 #: original/man1/login.1:202
8560 msgid "Rewritten to a PAM-only version by"
8564 #: original/man1/login.1:214
8566 "B<mail>(1), B<passwd>(1), B<passwd>(5), B<utmp>(5), B<environ>(7), "
8567 "B<getty>(8), B<init>(8), B<lastlog>(8), B<shutdown>(8)"
8571 #: original/man1/login.1:221
8573 "The B<login> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
8578 #: original/man1/look.1:10
8584 #: original/man1/look.1:32
8585 msgid "look - display lines beginning with a given string"
8589 #: original/man1/look.1:35
8590 msgid "B<look> [options] I<string> [I<file>]"
8594 #: original/man1/look.1:38
8596 "The B<look> utility displays any lines in I<file> which contain "
8597 "I<string>. As B<look> performs a binary search, the lines in I<file> must be "
8598 "sorted (where B<sort>(1) was given the same options B<-d> and/or B<-f> that "
8599 "B<look> is invoked with)."
8603 #: original/man1/look.1:40
8605 "If I<file> is not specified, the file I</usr/share/dict/words> is used, only "
8606 "alphanumeric characters are compared and the case of alphabetic characters "
8611 #: original/man1/look.1:45
8612 msgid "Use the alternative dictionary file."
8616 #: original/man1/look.1:48
8617 msgid "B<-d>, B<--alphanum>"
8621 #: original/man1/look.1:50
8623 "Use normal dictionary character set and order, i.e., only blanks and "
8624 "alphanumeric characters are compared. This is on by default if no file is "
8629 #: original/man1/look.1:52
8631 "Note that blanks have been added to dictionary character set for "
8632 "compatibility with B<sort -d> command since version 2.28."
8636 #: original/man1/look.1:55
8637 msgid "B<-f>, B<--ignore-case>"
8641 #: original/man1/look.1:57
8643 "Ignore the case of alphabetic characters. This is on by default if no file "
8648 #: original/man1/look.1:60
8649 msgid "B<-t>, B<--terminate> I<character>"
8653 #: original/man1/look.1:62
8655 "Specify a string termination character, i.e., only the characters in "
8656 "I<string> up to and including the first occurrence of I<character> are "
8661 #: original/man1/look.1:75
8663 "The B<look> utility exits 0 if one or more lines were found and displayed, 1 "
8664 "if no lines were found, and E<gt>1 if an error occurred."
8668 #: original/man1/look.1:78
8673 #: original/man1/look.1:80
8675 "Path to a dictionary file. The environment variable has greater priority "
8676 "than the dictionary path defined in FILES segment."
8680 #: original/man1/look.1:84
8681 msgid "I</usr/share/dict/words>"
8685 #: original/man1/look.1:86
8686 msgid "the dictionary"
8690 #: original/man1/look.1:89
8691 msgid "I</usr/share/dict/web2>"
8695 #: original/man1/look.1:91
8696 msgid "the alternative dictionary"
8700 #: original/man1/look.1:95
8701 msgid "The B<look> utility appeared in Version 7 AT&T Unix."
8705 #: original/man1/look.1:102
8708 "sort -d /etc/passwd -o /tmp/look.dict\n"
8709 "look -t: root:foobar /tmp/look.dict\n"
8713 #: original/man1/look.1:109
8714 msgid "B<grep>(1), B<sort>(1)"
8718 #: original/man1/look.1:116
8720 "The B<look> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
8725 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:10
8731 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:32
8732 msgid "lscpu - display information about the CPU architecture"
8736 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:35
8737 msgid "B<lscpu> [options]"
8741 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:38
8743 "B<lscpu> gathers CPU architecture information from I<sysfs>, "
8744 "I</proc/cpuinfo> and any applicable architecture-specific libraries "
8745 "(e.g. B<librtas> on Powerpc). The command output can be optimized for "
8746 "parsing or for easy readability by humans. The information includes, for "
8747 "example, the number of CPUs, threads, cores, sockets, and Non-Uniform Memory "
8748 "Access (NUMA) nodes. There is also information about the CPU caches and "
8749 "cache sharing, family, model, bogoMIPS, byte order, and stepping."
8753 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:40
8755 "The default output formatting on terminal is subject to change and maybe "
8756 "optimized for better readability. The output for non-terminals (e.g., pipes) "
8757 "is never affected by this optimization and it is always in \"Field: "
8758 "data\\(rsn\" format. Use for example \"B<lscpu | less>\" to see the default "
8759 "output without optimizations."
8763 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:42
8765 "In virtualized environments, the CPU architecture information displayed "
8766 "reflects the configuration of the guest operating system which is typically "
8767 "different from the physical (host) system. On architectures that support "
8768 "retrieving physical topology information, B<lscpu> also displays the number "
8769 "of physical sockets, chips, cores in the host system."
8773 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:44
8775 "Options that result in an output table have a I<list> argument. Use this "
8776 "argument to customize the command output. Specify a comma-separated list of "
8777 "column labels to limit the output table to only the specified columns, "
8778 "arranged in the specified order. See B<COLUMNS> for a list of valid column "
8779 "labels. The column labels are not case sensitive."
8783 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:46
8785 "Not all columns are supported on all architectures. If an unsupported column "
8786 "is specified, B<lscpu> prints the column but does not provide any data for "
8791 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:48
8793 "The cache sizes are reported as summary from all CPUs. The versions before "
8794 "v2.34 reported per-core sizes, but this output was confusing due to "
8795 "complicated CPUs topology and the way how caches are shared between "
8796 "CPUs. For more details about caches see B<--cache>. Since version v2.37 "
8797 "B<lscpu> follows cache IDs as provided by Linux kernel and it does not "
8798 "always start from zero."
8802 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:53
8804 "Include lines for online and offline CPUs in the output (default for "
8805 "B<-e>). This option may only be specified together with option B<-e> or "
8810 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:56
8811 msgid "B<-B>, B<--bytes>"
8815 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:58
8816 msgid "Print the sizes in bytes rather than in a human-readable format."
8820 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:61
8821 msgid "B<-b>, B<--online>"
8825 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:63
8827 "Limit the output to online CPUs (default for B<-p>). This option may only be "
8828 "specified together with option B<-e> or B<-p>."
8832 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:66
8833 msgid "B<-C>, B<--caches>[=I<list>]"
8837 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:68
8839 "Display details about CPU caches. For details about available information "
8840 "see B<--help> output."
8844 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:70
8846 "If the I<list> argument is omitted, all columns for which data is available "
8847 "are included in the command output."
8851 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:72
8853 "When specifying the I<list> argument, the string of option, equal sign (=), "
8854 "and I<list> must not contain any blanks or other whitespace. Examples: "
8855 "\\(aqB<-C=NAME,ONE-SIZE>\\(aq or \\(aqB<--caches=NAME,ONE-SIZE>\\(aq."
8859 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:74
8861 "The default list of columns may be extended if list is specified in the "
8862 "format +list (e.g., lscpu -C=+ALLOC-POLICY)."
8866 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:77
8867 msgid "B<-c>, B<--offline>"
8871 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:79
8873 "Limit the output to offline CPUs. This option may only be specified together "
8874 "with option B<-e> or B<-p>."
8878 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:82
8879 msgid "B<-e>, B<--extended>[=I<list>]"
8883 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:84
8884 msgid "Display the CPU information in human-readable format."
8888 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:86
8890 "If the I<list> argument is omitted, the default columns are included in the "
8891 "command output. The default output is subject to change."
8895 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:88
8897 "When specifying the I<list> argument, the string of option, equal sign (=), "
8898 "and I<list> must not contain any blanks or other whitespace. Examples: "
8899 "\\(aqB<-e=cpu,node>\\(aq or \\(aqB<--extended=cpu,node>\\(aq."
8903 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:90
8905 "The default list of columns may be extended if list is specified in the "
8906 "format +list (e.g., lscpu -e=+MHZ)."
8910 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:100
8912 "Use JSON output format for the default summary or extended output (see "
8917 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:103
8918 msgid "B<-p>, B<--parse>[=I<list>]"
8922 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:105
8923 msgid "Optimize the command output for easy parsing."
8927 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:107
8929 "If the I<list> argument is omitted, the command output is compatible with "
8930 "earlier versions of B<lscpu>. In this compatible format, two commas are used "
8931 "to separate CPU cache columns. If no CPU caches are identified the cache "
8932 "column is omitted. If the I<list> argument is used, cache columns are "
8933 "separated with a colon (:)."
8937 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:109
8939 "When specifying the I<list> argument, the string of option, equal sign (=), "
8940 "and I<list> must not contain any blanks or other whitespace. Examples: "
8941 "\\(aqB<-p=cpu,node>\\(aq or \\(aqB<--parse=cpu,node>\\(aq."
8945 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:111
8947 "The default list of columns may be extended if list is specified in the "
8948 "format +list (e.g., lscpu -p=+MHZ)."
8952 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:114 original/man1/lsmem.1:101
8953 msgid "B<-s>, B<--sysroot> I<directory>"
8957 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:116
8959 "Gather CPU data for a Linux instance other than the instance from which the "
8960 "B<lscpu> command is issued. The specified I<directory> is the system root of "
8961 "the Linux instance to be inspected."
8965 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:119 original/man1/uuidgen.1:85
8966 msgid "B<-x>, B<--hex>"
8970 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:121
8972 "Use hexadecimal masks for CPU sets (for example \"ff\"). The default is to "
8973 "print the sets in list format (for example 0,1). Note that before version "
8974 "2.30 the mask has been printed with 0x prefix."
8978 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:124
8979 msgid "B<-y>, B<--physical>"
8983 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:126
8985 "Display physical IDs for all columns with topology elements (core, socket, "
8986 "etc.). Other than logical IDs, which are assigned by B<lscpu>, physical IDs "
8987 "are platform-specific values that are provided by the kernel. Physical IDs "
8988 "are not necessarily unique and they might not be arranged sequentially. If "
8989 "the kernel could not retrieve a physical ID for an element B<lscpu> prints "
8990 "the dash (-) character."
8994 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:128
8995 msgid "The CPU logical numbers are not affected by this option."
8999 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:136 original/man1/lslogins.1:119
9000 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:81
9001 msgid "B<--output-all>"
9005 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:138
9007 "Output all available columns. This option must be combined with either "
9008 "B<--extended>, B<--parse> or B<--caches>."
9012 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:142
9014 "The basic overview of CPU family, model, etc. is always based on the first "
9019 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:144
9020 msgid "Sometimes in Xen Dom0 the kernel reports wrong data."
9024 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:146
9025 msgid "On virtual hardware the number of cores per socket, etc. can be wrong."
9029 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:154
9034 #: original/man1/lscpu.1:161
9036 "The B<lscpu> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
9041 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:10
9047 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:32
9048 msgid "lsipc - show information on IPC facilities currently employed in the system"
9052 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:35
9053 msgid "B<lsipc> [options]"
9057 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:38
9059 "B<lsipc> shows information on the System V inter-process communication "
9060 "facilities for which the calling process has read access."
9064 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:43
9066 "Show full details on just the one resource element identified by I<id>. This "
9067 "option needs to be combined with one of the three resource options: B<-m>, "
9068 "B<-q> or B<-s>. It is possible to override the default output format for "
9069 "this option with the B<--list>, B<--raw>, B<--json> or B<--export> option."
9073 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:46
9074 msgid "B<-g>, B<--global>"
9078 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:48
9080 "Show system-wide usage and limits of IPC resources. This option may be "
9081 "combined with one of the three resource options: B<-m>, B<-q> or B<-s>. The "
9082 "default is to show information about all resources."
9086 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:75
9088 msgid "Output formatting"
9092 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:83 original/man1/lslogins.1:62
9093 msgid "B<-e>, B<--export>"
9097 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:85
9099 "Produce output in the form of key=\"value\" pairs. All potentially unsafe "
9100 "value characters are hex-escaped (\\(rsxE<lt>codeE<gt>). The key (variable "
9101 "name) will be modified to contain only characters allowed for a shell "
9102 "variable identifiers, for example, USE_PCT instead of USE%."
9106 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:90
9107 msgid "Use the JSON output format."
9111 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:93
9112 msgid "B<-l>, B<--list>"
9116 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:95
9118 "Use the list output format. This is the default, except when B<--id> is "
9123 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:98 original/man1/lslogins.1:99
9124 msgid "B<-n>, B<--newline>"
9128 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:100 original/man1/lslogins.1:101
9129 msgid "Display each piece of information on a separate line."
9133 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:103 original/man1/lslogins.1:104
9134 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:98
9135 msgid "B<--noheadings>"
9139 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:105 original/man1/lslogins.1:106
9140 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:73 original/man1/prlimit.1:100
9141 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:138
9142 msgid "Do not print a header line."
9146 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:108 original/man1/lslogins.1:109
9147 msgid "B<--notruncate>"
9151 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:110 original/man1/lslogins.1:111
9152 msgid "Don\\(cqt truncate output."
9156 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:115 original/man1/uuidparse.1:143
9158 "Specify which output columns to print. Use B<--help> to get a list of all "
9159 "supported columns."
9163 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:120
9164 msgid "Print size in bytes rather than in human readable format."
9168 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:125 original/man1/lslogins.1:131
9169 msgid "Raw output (no columnation)."
9173 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:133 original/man1/lslogins.1:139
9174 msgid "B<--time-format> I<type>"
9178 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:135 original/man1/lslogins.1:141
9180 "Display dates in short, full or iso format. The default is short, this time "
9181 "format is designed to be space efficient and human readable."
9185 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:138
9186 msgid "B<-P>, B<--numeric-perms>"
9190 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:140
9191 msgid "Print numeric permissions in PERMS column."
9195 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:144 original/man1/lslogins.1:175
9200 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:146 original/man1/lslogins.1:177
9205 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:149 original/man1/lslogins.1:180
9206 #: original/man1/runuser.1:228 original/man1/su.1:236
9211 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:151 original/man1/lslogins.1:182
9212 msgid "if incorrect arguments specified,"
9216 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:154 original/man1/lslogins.1:185
9221 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:156
9222 msgid "if a serious error occurs."
9226 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:160
9227 msgid "The B<lsipc> utility is inspired by the B<ipcs>(1) utility."
9231 #: original/man1/lsipc.1:183
9233 "The B<lsipc> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
9238 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:10
9244 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:32
9245 msgid "lsirq - utility to display kernel interrupt information"
9249 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:35
9250 msgid "B<lsirq> [options]"
9254 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:38
9255 msgid "Display kernel interrupt counter information."
9259 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:45
9260 msgid "Don\\(cqt print headings."
9264 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:55
9266 "Specify sort criteria by column name. See B<--help> output to get column "
9271 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:63 original/man1/lsmem.1:86
9272 msgid "B<-P>, B<--pairs>"
9276 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:65
9278 "Produce output in the form of key=\"value\" pairs. All potentially unsafe "
9279 "characters are hex-escaped (\\(rsxE<lt>codeE<gt>)."
9283 #: original/man1/lsirq.1:93
9285 "The B<lsirq> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
9290 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:10
9296 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:32
9297 msgid "lslogins - display information about known users in the system"
9301 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:35
9303 "B<lslogins> [options] [B<-s>|B<-u>[=I<UID>]] [B<-g> I<groups>] [B<-l> "
9304 "I<logins>] [I<username>]"
9308 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:38
9310 "Examine the wtmp and btmp logs, I</etc/shadow> (if necessary) and I</passwd> "
9311 "and output the desired data."
9315 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:40
9317 "The optional argument I<username> forces B<lslogins> to print all available "
9318 "details about the specified user only. In this case the output format is "
9319 "different than in case of B<-l> or B<-g> and unknown is I<username> reported "
9324 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:42
9325 msgid "The default action is to list info about all the users in the system."
9329 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:45
9330 msgid "Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too."
9334 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:47
9335 msgid "B<-a>, B<--acc-expiration>"
9339 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:49
9341 "Display data about the date of last password change and the account "
9342 "expiration date (see B<shadow>(5) for more info). (Requires root "
9347 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:52
9348 msgid "B<--btmp-file> I<path>"
9352 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:54
9353 msgid "Alternate path for btmp."
9357 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:57
9358 msgid "B<-c>, B<--colon-separate>"
9362 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:59
9363 msgid "Separate info about each user with a colon instead of a newline."
9367 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:64
9368 msgid "Output data in the format of NAME=VALUE."
9372 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:67
9373 msgid "B<-f>, B<--failed>"
9377 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:69
9378 msgid "Display data about the users\\(aq last failed login attempts."
9382 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:72
9383 msgid "B<-G>, B<--supp-groups>"
9387 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:74
9388 msgid "Show information about supplementary groups."
9392 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:77
9393 msgid "B<-g>, B<--groups>=I<groups>"
9397 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:79
9399 "Only show data of users belonging to I<groups>. More than one group may be "
9400 "specified; the list has to be comma-separated. Unknown group names are "
9405 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:81
9407 "Note that relation between user and group may be invisible for primary group "
9408 "if the user is not explicitly specify as group member (e.g., in "
9409 "I</etc/group>). If the command B<lslogins> scans for groups than it uses "
9410 "groups database only, and user database with primary GID is not used at all."
9414 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:86
9415 msgid "Display help information and exit."
9419 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:89
9420 msgid "B<-L>, B<--last>"
9424 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:91
9426 "Display data containing information about the users\\(aq last login "
9431 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:94
9432 msgid "B<-l>, B<--logins>=I<logins>"
9436 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:96
9438 "Only show data of users with a login specified in I<logins> (user names or "
9439 "user IDS). More than one login may be specified; the list has to be "
9440 "comma-separated. Unknown login names are ignored."
9444 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:116
9446 "Specify which output columns to print. The default list of columns may be "
9447 "extended if I<list> is specified in the format I<+list>."
9451 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:121
9453 "Output all available columns. B<--help> to get a list of all supported "
9458 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:124
9459 msgid "B<-p>, B<--pwd>"
9463 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:126
9464 msgid "Display information related to login by password (see also B<-afL).>"
9468 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:134
9469 msgid "B<-s>, B<--system-accs>"
9473 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:136
9475 "Show system accounts. These are by default all accounts with a UID between "
9476 "101 and 999 (inclusive), with the exception of either nobody or nfsnobody "
9477 "(UID 65534). This hardcoded default may be overwritten by parameters "
9478 "SYS_UID_MIN and SYS_UID_MAX in the file I</etc/login.defs>."
9482 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:144
9483 msgid "B<-u>, B<--user-accs>"
9487 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:146
9489 "Show user accounts. These are by default all accounts with UID above 1000 "
9490 "(inclusive), with the exception of either nobody or nfsnobody (UID "
9491 "65534). This hardcoded default maybe overwritten by parameters UID_MIN and "
9492 "UID_MAX in the file I</etc/login.defs>."
9496 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:154
9497 msgid "B<--wtmp-file> I<path>"
9501 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:156
9502 msgid "Alternate path for wtmp."
9506 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:159
9507 msgid "B<--lastlog> I<path>"
9511 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:161
9512 msgid "Alternate path for B<lastlog>(8)."
9516 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:164
9517 msgid "B<-Z>, B<--context>"
9521 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:166
9522 msgid "Display the users\\(aq security context."
9526 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:169
9527 msgid "B<-z>, B<--print0>"
9531 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:171
9532 msgid "Delimit user entries with a nul character, instead of a newline."
9536 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:187
9537 msgid "if a serious error occurs (e.g., a corrupt log)."
9541 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:191
9542 msgid "The default UID thresholds are read from I</etc/login.defs>."
9546 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:194
9548 "The B<lslogins> utility is inspired by the B<logins> utility, which first "
9549 "appeared in FreeBSD 4.10."
9553 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:204
9554 msgid "B<group>(5), B<passwd>(5), B<shadow>(5), B<utmp>(5)"
9558 #: original/man1/lslogins.1:211
9560 "The B<lslogins> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
9565 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:10
9571 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:32
9572 msgid "lsmem - list the ranges of available memory with their online status"
9576 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:35
9577 msgid "B<lsmem> [options]"
9581 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:38
9583 "The B<lsmem> command lists the ranges of available memory with their online "
9584 "status. The listed memory blocks correspond to the memory block "
9585 "representation in sysfs. The command also shows the memory block size and "
9586 "the amount of memory in online and offline state."
9590 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:40
9592 "The default output compatible with original implementation from s390-tools, "
9593 "but it\\(cqs strongly recommended to avoid using default outputs in your "
9594 "scripts. Always explicitly define expected columns by using the B<--output> "
9595 "option together with a columns list in environments where a stable output is "
9600 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:42
9602 "The B<lsmem> command lists a new memory range always when the current memory "
9603 "block distinguish from the previous block by some output column. This "
9604 "default behavior is possible to override by the B<--split> option (e.g., "
9605 "B<lsmem --split=ZONES>). The special word \"none\" may be used to ignore all "
9606 "differences between memory blocks and to create as large as possible "
9607 "continuous ranges. The opposite semantic is B<--all> to list individual "
9612 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:44
9614 "Note that some output columns may provide inaccurate information if a split "
9615 "policy forces B<lsmem> to ignore differences in some attributes. For example "
9616 "if you merge removable and non-removable memory blocks to the one range than "
9617 "all the range will be marked as non-removable on B<lsmem> output."
9621 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:46
9623 "Not all columns are supported on all systems. If an unsupported column is "
9624 "specified, B<lsmem> prints the column but does not provide any data for it."
9628 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:48
9629 msgid "Use the B<--help> option to see the columns description."
9633 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:53
9635 "List each individual memory block, instead of combining memory blocks with "
9636 "similar attributes."
9640 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:78
9642 "Specify which output columns to print. Use B<--help> to get a list of all "
9643 "supported columns. The default list of columns may be extended if I<list> is "
9644 "specified in the format B<+>I<list> (e.g., B<lsmem -o +NODE>)."
9648 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:83
9649 msgid "Output all available columns."
9653 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:88
9655 "Produce output in the form of key=\"value\" pairs. All potentially unsafe "
9656 "value characters are hex-escaped (\\(rsxE<lt>codeE<gt>)."
9660 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:96
9661 msgid "B<-S>, B<--split> I<list>"
9665 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:98
9667 "Specify which columns (attributes) use to split memory blocks to ranges. The "
9668 "supported columns are STATE, REMOVABLE, NODE and ZONES, or \"none\". The "
9669 "other columns are silently ignored. For more details see DESCRIPTION above."
9673 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:103
9675 "Gather memory data for a Linux instance other than the instance from which "
9676 "the B<lsmem> command is issued. The specified I<directory> is the system "
9677 "root of the Linux instance to be inspected."
9681 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:111
9682 msgid "B<--summary>[=I<when>]"
9686 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:113
9688 "This option controls summary lines output. The optional argument I<when> can "
9689 "be B<never>, B<always> or B<only>. If the I<when> argument is omitted, it "
9690 "defaults to B<\"only\">. The summary output is suppressed for B<--raw>, "
9691 "B<--pairs> and B<--json>."
9695 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:117
9697 "B<lsmem> was originally written by Gerald Schaefer for s390-tools in "
9698 "Perl. The C version for util-linux was written by Clemens von Mann, Heiko "
9699 "Carstens and Karel Zak."
9703 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:120
9708 #: original/man1/lsmem.1:127
9710 "The B<lsmem> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
9715 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:10
9721 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:32
9722 msgid "mcookie - generate magic cookies for xauth"
9726 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:35
9727 msgid "B<mcookie> [options]"
9731 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:38
9733 "B<mcookie> generates a 128-bit random hexadecimal number for use with the X "
9734 "authority system. Typical usage:"
9738 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:42
9739 msgid "B<xauth add :0 . >\\f(CRmcookie\\fR"
9743 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:47
9745 "\\f(CRThe \"random\" number generated is actually the MD5 message digest of "
9746 "random information coming from one of the sources B<getrandom>\\f(CR(2) "
9747 "system call, I</dev/urandom>\\f(CR, I</dev/random>\\f(CR, or the I<libc "
9748 "pseudo-random functions>\\f(CR, in this preference order. See also the "
9749 "option B<--file>\\f(CR.\\fR"
9753 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:52
9755 "Use this I<file> as an additional source of randomness (for example "
9756 "I</dev/urandom>). When I<file> is \\(aq-\\(aq, characters are read from "
9761 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:55
9762 msgid "B<-m>, B<--max-size> I<number>"
9766 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:57
9768 "Read from I<file> only this I<number> of bytes. This option is meant to be "
9769 "used when reading additional randomness from a file or device."
9773 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:59
9775 "The I<number> argument may be followed by the multiplicative suffixes "
9776 "KiB=1024, MiB=1024*1024, and so on for GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB (the "
9777 "\"iB\" is optional, e.g., \"K\" has the same meaning as \"KiB\") or the "
9778 "suffixes KB=1000, MB=1000*1000, and so on for GB, TB, PB, EB, ZB and YB."
9782 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:64
9784 "Inform where randomness originated, with amount of entropy read from each "
9789 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:78
9790 msgid "I</dev/urandom>"
9794 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:80
9795 msgid "I</dev/random>"
9799 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:83
9800 msgid "It is assumed that none of the randomness sources will block."
9804 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:89
9805 msgid "B<md5sum>(1), B<X>(7), B<xauth>(1), B<rand>(3)"
9809 #: original/man1/mcookie.1:96
9811 "The B<mcookie> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
9816 #: original/man1/mesg.1:10
9822 #: original/man1/mesg.1:32
9823 msgid "mesg - display (or do not display) messages from other users"
9827 #: original/man1/mesg.1:35
9828 msgid "B<mesg> [I<option>] [B<n>|B<y>]"
9832 #: original/man1/mesg.1:38
9834 "The B<mesg> utility is invoked by a user to control write access others have "
9835 "to the terminal device associated with standard error output. If write "
9836 "access is allowed, then programs such as B<talk>(1) and B<write>(1) may "
9837 "display messages on the terminal."
9841 #: original/man1/mesg.1:40
9843 "Traditionally, write access is allowed by default. However, as users become "
9844 "more conscious of various security risks, there is a trend to remove write "
9845 "access by default, at least for the primary login shell. To make sure your "
9846 "ttys are set the way you want them to be set, B<mesg> should be executed in "
9847 "your login scripts."
9851 #: original/man1/mesg.1:42
9853 "The B<mesg> utility silently exits with error status 2 if not executed on "
9854 "terminal. In this case execute B<mesg> is pointless. The command line option "
9855 "B<--verbose> forces mesg to print a warning in this situation. This "
9856 "behaviour has been introduced in version 2.33."
9860 #: original/man1/mesg.1:47
9861 msgid "Disallow messages."
9865 #: original/man1/mesg.1:50
9870 #: original/man1/mesg.1:52
9871 msgid "Allow messages to be displayed."
9875 #: original/man1/mesg.1:55
9877 "If no arguments are given, B<mesg> shows the current message status on "
9878 "standard error output."
9882 #: original/man1/mesg.1:60
9883 msgid "Explain what is being done."
9887 #: original/man1/mesg.1:74
9888 msgid "The B<mesg> utility exits with one of the following values:"
9892 #: original/man1/mesg.1:78
9893 msgid "Messages are allowed."
9897 #: original/man1/mesg.1:83
9898 msgid "Messages are not allowed."
9902 #: original/man1/mesg.1:86
9907 #: original/man1/mesg.1:88
9908 msgid "An error has occurred."
9912 #: original/man1/mesg.1:92
9913 msgid "I</dev/[pt]ty[pq]?>"
9917 #: original/man1/mesg.1:95
9918 msgid "A B<mesg> command appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX."
9922 #: original/man1/mesg.1:102
9923 msgid "B<login>(1), B<talk>(1), B<write>(1), B<wall>(1), B<xterm>(1)"
9927 #: original/man1/mesg.1:109
9929 "The B<mesg> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
9934 #: original/man1/more.1:10
9940 #: original/man1/more.1:32
9941 msgid "more - file perusal filter for crt viewing"
9945 #: original/man1/more.1:35
9946 msgid "B<more> [options] I<file> ..."
9950 #: original/man1/more.1:38
9952 "B<more> is a filter for paging through text one screenful at a time. This "
9953 "version is especially primitive. Users should realize that B<less>(1) "
9954 "provides B<more>(1) emulation plus extensive enhancements."
9958 #: original/man1/more.1:41
9960 "Options are also taken from the environment variable B<MORE> (make sure to "
9961 "precede them with a dash (B<->)) but command-line options will override "
9966 #: original/man1/more.1:43
9967 msgid "B<-d>, B<--silent>"
9971 #: original/man1/more.1:45
9973 "Prompt with \"[Press space to continue, \\(aqq\\(aq to quit.]\", and display "
9974 "\"[Press \\(aqh\\(aq for instructions.]\" instead of ringing the bell when "
9975 "an illegal key is pressed."
9979 #: original/man1/more.1:48
9980 msgid "B<-l>, B<--logical>"
9984 #: original/man1/more.1:50
9985 msgid "Do not pause after any line containing a B<^L> (form feed)."
9989 #: original/man1/more.1:53
9990 msgid "B<-f>, B<--no-pause>"
9994 #: original/man1/more.1:55
9996 "Count logical lines, rather than screen lines (i.e., long lines are not "
10000 #. type: Plain text
10001 #: original/man1/more.1:58
10002 msgid "B<-p>, B<--print-over>"
10005 #. type: Plain text
10006 #: original/man1/more.1:60
10008 "Do not scroll. Instead, clear the whole screen and then display the "
10009 "text. Notice that this option is switched on automatically if the executable "
10010 "is named B<page>."
10013 #. type: Plain text
10014 #: original/man1/more.1:63
10015 msgid "B<-c>, B<--clean-print>"
10018 #. type: Plain text
10019 #: original/man1/more.1:65
10021 "Do not scroll. Instead, paint each screen from the top, clearing the "
10022 "remainder of each line as it is displayed."
10025 #. type: Plain text
10026 #: original/man1/more.1:68
10027 msgid "B<-s>, B<--squeeze>"
10030 #. type: Plain text
10031 #: original/man1/more.1:70
10032 msgid "Squeeze multiple blank lines into one."
10035 #. type: Plain text
10036 #: original/man1/more.1:73
10037 msgid "B<-u>, B<--plain>"
10040 #. type: Plain text
10041 #: original/man1/more.1:75
10043 "Suppress underlining. This option is silently ignored as backwards "
10047 #. type: Plain text
10048 #: original/man1/more.1:78
10049 msgid "B<-n>, B<--lines> I<number>"
10052 #. type: Plain text
10053 #: original/man1/more.1:80
10055 "Specify the I<number> of lines per screenful. The I<number> argument is a "
10056 "positive decimal integer. The B<--lines> option shall override any values "
10057 "obtained from any other source, such as number of lines reported by "
10061 #. type: Plain text
10062 #: original/man1/more.1:83 original/man1/pg.1:57
10063 msgid "B<->I<number>"
10066 #. type: Plain text
10067 #: original/man1/more.1:85
10068 msgid "A numeric option means the same as B<--lines> option argument."
10071 #. type: Plain text
10072 #: original/man1/more.1:88 original/man1/pg.1:47
10073 msgid "B<+>I<number>"
10076 #. type: Plain text
10077 #: original/man1/more.1:90
10078 msgid "Start displaying each file at line I<number>."
10081 #. type: Plain text
10082 #: original/man1/more.1:93
10083 msgid "B<+>/I<string>"
10086 #. type: Plain text
10087 #: original/man1/more.1:95
10088 msgid "The I<string> to be searched in each file before starting to display it."
10092 #: original/man1/more.1:106 original/man1/pg.1:107
10097 #. type: Plain text
10098 #: original/man1/more.1:109
10100 "Interactive commands for B<more> are based on B<vi>(1). Some commands may be "
10101 "preceded by a decimal number, called k in the descriptions below. In the "
10102 "following descriptions, B<^X> means B<control-X>."
10105 #. type: Plain text
10106 #: original/man1/more.1:111
10107 msgid "B<h> or B<?>"
10110 #. type: Plain text
10111 #: original/man1/more.1:113
10113 "Help; display a summary of these commands. If you forget all other commands, "
10114 "remember this one."
10117 #. type: Plain text
10118 #: original/man1/more.1:116
10122 #. type: Plain text
10123 #: original/man1/more.1:118
10124 msgid "Display next k lines of text. Defaults to current screen size."
10127 #. type: Plain text
10128 #: original/man1/more.1:121
10132 #. type: Plain text
10133 #: original/man1/more.1:123
10135 "Display next k lines of text. Defaults to current screen size. Argument "
10136 "becomes new default."
10139 #. type: Plain text
10140 #: original/man1/more.1:126
10144 #. type: Plain text
10145 #: original/man1/more.1:128
10146 msgid "Display next k lines of text. Defaults to 1. Argument becomes new default."
10149 #. type: Plain text
10150 #: original/man1/more.1:131
10151 msgid "B<d> or B<^D>"
10154 #. type: Plain text
10155 #: original/man1/more.1:133
10157 "Scroll k lines. Default is current scroll size, initially 11. Argument "
10158 "becomes new default."
10161 #. type: Plain text
10162 #: original/man1/more.1:136
10163 msgid "B<q> or B<Q> or B<INTERRUPT>"
10166 #. type: Plain text
10167 #: original/man1/more.1:138
10171 #. type: Plain text
10172 #: original/man1/more.1:141
10176 #. type: Plain text
10177 #: original/man1/more.1:143
10178 msgid "Skip forward k lines of text. Defaults to 1."
10181 #. type: Plain text
10182 #: original/man1/more.1:146
10186 #. type: Plain text
10187 #: original/man1/more.1:148
10188 msgid "Skip forward k screenfuls of text. Defaults to 1."
10191 #. type: Plain text
10192 #: original/man1/more.1:151
10193 msgid "B<b> or B<^B>"
10196 #. type: Plain text
10197 #: original/man1/more.1:153
10199 "Skip backwards k screenfuls of text. Defaults to 1. Only works with files, "
10203 #. type: Plain text
10204 #: original/man1/more.1:156
10208 #. type: Plain text
10209 #: original/man1/more.1:158
10210 msgid "Go to the place where the last search started."
10213 #. type: Plain text
10214 #: original/man1/more.1:161
10218 #. type: Plain text
10219 #: original/man1/more.1:163
10220 msgid "Display current line number."
10223 #. type: Plain text
10224 #: original/man1/more.1:166
10225 msgid "B</pattern>"
10228 #. type: Plain text
10229 #: original/man1/more.1:168
10230 msgid "Search for kth occurrence of regular expression. Defaults to 1."
10233 #. type: Plain text
10234 #: original/man1/more.1:173
10235 msgid "Search for kth occurrence of last regular expression. Defaults to 1."
10238 #. type: Plain text
10239 #: original/man1/more.1:176
10240 msgid "B<!command> or B<:!command>"
10243 #. type: Plain text
10244 #: original/man1/more.1:178
10245 msgid "Execute I<command> in a subshell."
10248 #. type: Plain text
10249 #: original/man1/more.1:181
10253 #. type: Plain text
10254 #: original/man1/more.1:183
10256 "Start up an editor at current line. The editor is taken from the environment "
10257 "variable B<VISUAL> if defined, or B<EDITOR> if B<VISUAL> is not defined, or "
10258 "defaults to B<vi>(1) if neither B<VISUAL> nor B<EDITOR> is defined."
10261 #. type: Plain text
10262 #: original/man1/more.1:186
10266 #. type: Plain text
10267 #: original/man1/more.1:188
10268 msgid "Redraw screen."
10271 #. type: Plain text
10272 #: original/man1/more.1:191
10276 #. type: Plain text
10277 #: original/man1/more.1:193
10278 msgid "Go to kth next file. Defaults to 1."
10281 #. type: Plain text
10282 #: original/man1/more.1:196
10286 #. type: Plain text
10287 #: original/man1/more.1:198
10288 msgid "Go to kth previous file. Defaults to 1."
10291 #. type: Plain text
10292 #: original/man1/more.1:201
10296 #. type: Plain text
10297 #: original/man1/more.1:203
10298 msgid "Display current file name and line number."
10301 #. type: Plain text
10302 #: original/man1/more.1:206
10306 #. type: Plain text
10307 #: original/man1/more.1:208
10308 msgid "Repeat previous command."
10311 #. type: Plain text
10312 #: original/man1/more.1:212
10314 "The B<more> command respects the following environment variables, if they "
10318 #. type: Plain text
10319 #: original/man1/more.1:214
10323 #. type: Plain text
10324 #: original/man1/more.1:216
10325 msgid "This variable may be set with favored options to B<more>."
10328 #. type: Plain text
10329 #: original/man1/more.1:219 original/man1/pg.1:209 original/man1/script.1:151
10333 #. type: Plain text
10334 #: original/man1/more.1:221
10335 msgid "Current shell in use (normally set by the shell at login time)."
10338 #. type: Plain text
10339 #: original/man1/more.1:224 original/man1/pg.1:214 original/man1/ul.1:64
10343 #. type: Plain text
10344 #: original/man1/more.1:226
10346 "The terminal type used by B<more> to get the terminal characteristics "
10347 "necessary to manipulate the screen."
10350 #. type: Plain text
10351 #: original/man1/more.1:229
10355 #. type: Plain text
10356 #: original/man1/more.1:231
10357 msgid "The editor the user prefers. Invoked when command key I<v> is pressed."
10360 #. type: Plain text
10361 #: original/man1/more.1:234
10365 #. type: Plain text
10366 #: original/man1/more.1:236
10367 msgid "The editor of choice when B<VISUAL> is not specified."
10370 #. type: Plain text
10371 #: original/man1/more.1:240
10373 "The B<more> command appeared in 3.0BSD. This man page documents B<more> "
10374 "version 5.19 (Berkeley 6/29/88), which is currently in use in the Linux "
10375 "community. Documentation was produced using several other versions of the "
10376 "man page, and extensive inspection of the source code."
10379 #. type: Plain text
10380 #: original/man1/more.1:243
10381 msgid "Eric Shienbrood, UC Berkeley."
10384 #. type: Plain text
10385 #: original/man1/more.1:245
10386 msgid "Modified by Geoff Peck, UCB to add underlining, single spacing."
10389 #. type: Plain text
10390 #: original/man1/more.1:247
10391 msgid "Modified by John Foderaro, UCB to add -c and MORE environment variable."
10394 #. type: Plain text
10395 #: original/man1/more.1:251
10396 msgid "B<less>(1), B<vi>(1)"
10399 #. type: Plain text
10400 #: original/man1/more.1:258
10402 "The B<more> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
10407 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:10
10412 #. type: Plain text
10413 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:32
10414 msgid "mountpoint - see if a directory or file is a mountpoint"
10417 #. type: Plain text
10418 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:35
10419 msgid "B<mountpoint> [B<-d>|B<-q>] I<directory>|I<file>"
10422 #. type: Plain text
10423 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:37
10424 msgid "B<mountpoint> B<-x> I<device>"
10427 #. type: Plain text
10428 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:40
10430 "B<mountpoint> checks whether the given I<directory> or I<file> is mentioned "
10431 "in the I</proc/self/mountinfo> file."
10434 #. type: Plain text
10435 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:43
10436 msgid "B<-d>, B<--fs-devno>"
10439 #. type: Plain text
10440 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:45
10442 "Show the major/minor numbers of the device that is mounted on the given "
10446 #. type: Plain text
10447 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:50
10448 msgid "Be quiet - don\\(cqt print anything."
10451 #. type: Plain text
10452 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:53
10453 msgid "B<--nofollow>"
10456 #. type: Plain text
10457 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:55
10458 msgid "Do not follow symbolic link if it the last element of the I<directory> path."
10461 #. type: Plain text
10462 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:58
10463 msgid "B<-x>, B<--devno>"
10466 #. type: Plain text
10467 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:60
10468 msgid "Show the major/minor numbers of the given blockdevice on standard output."
10471 #. type: Plain text
10472 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:74
10473 msgid "B<mountpoint> has the following exit status values:"
10476 #. type: Plain text
10477 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:78
10479 "success; the directory is a mountpoint, or device is block device on "
10483 #. type: Plain text
10484 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:83
10485 msgid "failure; incorrect invocation, permissions or system error"
10488 #. type: Plain text
10489 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:86 original/man1/taskset.1:59
10493 #. type: Plain text
10494 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:88
10496 "failure; the directory is not a mountpoint, or device is not a block device "
10500 #. type: Plain text
10501 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:92
10502 msgid "LIBMOUNT_DEBUG=all"
10505 #. type: Plain text
10506 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:94
10507 msgid "enables libmount debug output."
10510 #. type: Plain text
10511 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:98
10513 "The util-linux B<mountpoint> implementation was written from scratch for "
10514 "libmount. The original version for sysvinit suite was written by Miquel van "
10518 #. type: Plain text
10519 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:104
10520 msgid "B<mount>(8)"
10523 #. type: Plain text
10524 #: original/man1/mountpoint.1:111
10526 "The B<mountpoint> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
10531 #: original/man1/namei.1:10
10536 #. type: Plain text
10537 #: original/man1/namei.1:32
10538 msgid "namei - follow a pathname until a terminal point is found"
10541 #. type: Plain text
10542 #: original/man1/namei.1:35
10543 msgid "B<namei> [options] I<pathname>..."
10546 #. type: Plain text
10547 #: original/man1/namei.1:38
10549 "B<namei> interprets its arguments as pathnames to any type of Unix file "
10550 "(symlinks, files, directories, and so forth). B<namei> then follows each "
10551 "pathname until an endpoint is found (a file, a directory, a device node, "
10552 "etc). If it finds a symbolic link, it shows the link, and starts following "
10553 "it, indenting the output to show the context."
10556 #. type: Plain text
10557 #: original/man1/namei.1:40
10559 "This program is useful for finding \"too many levels of symbolic links\" "
10563 #. type: Plain text
10564 #: original/man1/namei.1:42
10566 "For each line of output, B<namei> uses the following characters to identify "
10567 "the file type found:"
10570 #. type: Plain text
10571 #: original/man1/namei.1:55
10574 " f: = the pathname currently being resolved\n"
10576 " l = symbolic link (both the link and its contents are output)\n"
10578 " b = block device\n"
10579 " c = character device\n"
10580 " p = FIFO (named pipe)\n"
10581 " - = regular file\n"
10582 " ? = an error of some kind\n"
10585 #. type: Plain text
10586 #: original/man1/namei.1:60
10588 "B<namei> prints an informative message when the maximum number of symbolic "
10589 "links this system can have has been exceeded."
10592 #. type: Plain text
10593 #: original/man1/namei.1:63
10594 msgid "B<-l>, B<--long>"
10597 #. type: Plain text
10598 #: original/man1/namei.1:65
10599 msgid "Use the long listing format (same as B<-m -o -v>)."
10602 #. type: Plain text
10603 #: original/man1/namei.1:68
10604 msgid "B<-m>, B<--modes>"
10607 #. type: Plain text
10608 #: original/man1/namei.1:70
10610 "Show the mode bits of each file type in the style of B<ls>(1), for example "
10611 "\\(aqrwxr-xr-x\\(aq."
10614 #. type: Plain text
10615 #: original/man1/namei.1:73
10616 msgid "B<-n>, B<--nosymlinks>"
10619 #. type: Plain text
10620 #: original/man1/namei.1:75
10621 msgid "Don\\(cqt follow symlinks."
10624 #. type: Plain text
10625 #: original/man1/namei.1:78
10626 msgid "B<-o>, B<--owners>"
10629 #. type: Plain text
10630 #: original/man1/namei.1:80
10631 msgid "Show owner and group name of each file."
10634 #. type: Plain text
10635 #: original/man1/namei.1:85
10636 msgid "Vertically align the modes and owners."
10639 #. type: Plain text
10640 #: original/man1/namei.1:88
10641 msgid "B<-x>, B<--mountpoints>"
10644 #. type: Plain text
10645 #: original/man1/namei.1:90
10646 msgid "Show mountpoint directories with a \\(aqD\\(aq rather than a \\(aqd\\(aq."
10649 #. type: Plain text
10650 #: original/man1/namei.1:104
10651 msgid "To be discovered."
10654 #. type: Plain text
10655 #: original/man1/namei.1:107
10656 msgid "The original B<namei> program was written by"
10659 #. type: Plain text
10660 #: original/man1/namei.1:110
10661 msgid "The program was rewritten by Karel Zak"
10664 #. type: Plain text
10665 #: original/man1/namei.1:116
10666 msgid "B<ls>(1), B<stat>(1), B<symlink>(7)"
10669 #. type: Plain text
10670 #: original/man1/namei.1:123
10672 "The B<namei> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
10677 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:10
10682 #. type: Plain text
10683 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:32
10684 msgid "newgrp - log in to a new group"
10687 #. type: Plain text
10688 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:35
10689 msgid "newgrp [I<group>]"
10692 #. type: Plain text
10693 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:38
10695 "B<newgrp> changes the group identification of its caller, analogously to "
10696 "B<login>(1). The same person remains logged in, and the current directory is "
10697 "unchanged, but calculations of access permissions to files are performed "
10698 "with respect to the new group ID."
10701 #. type: Plain text
10702 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:40
10703 msgid "If no group is specified, the GID is changed to the login GID."
10706 #. type: Plain text
10707 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:44
10708 msgid "I</etc/group>, I</etc/passwd>"
10711 #. type: Plain text
10712 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:47
10713 msgid "Originally by Michael Haardt. Currently maintained by"
10716 #. type: Plain text
10717 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:52
10718 msgid "B<login>(1), B<group>(5)"
10721 #. type: Plain text
10722 #: original/man1/newgrp.1:59
10724 "The B<newgrp> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
10729 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:10
10734 #. type: Plain text
10735 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:32
10736 msgid "nsenter - run program in different namespaces"
10739 #. type: Plain text
10740 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:35
10741 msgid "B<nsenter> [options] [I<program> [I<arguments>]]"
10744 #. type: Plain text
10745 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:38
10747 "The B<nsenter> command executes I<program> in the namespace(s) that are "
10748 "specified in the command-line options (described below). If I<program> is "
10749 "not given, then \"${SHELL}\" is run (default: I</bin/sh>)."
10752 #. type: Plain text
10753 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:40
10754 msgid "Enterable namespaces are:"
10757 #. type: Plain text
10758 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:42 original/man1/unshare.1:46
10759 msgid "B<mount namespace>"
10762 #. type: Plain text
10763 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:44
10765 "Mounting and unmounting filesystems will not affect the rest of the system, "
10766 "except for filesystems which are explicitly marked as shared (with B<mount "
10767 "--make-shared>; see I</proc/self/mountinfo> for the B<shared> flag). For "
10768 "further details, see B<mount_namespaces>(7) and the discussion of the "
10769 "B<CLONE_NEWNS> flag in B<clone>(2)."
10772 #. type: Plain text
10773 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:47 original/man1/unshare.1:53
10774 msgid "B<UTS namespace>"
10777 #. type: Plain text
10778 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:49 original/man1/unshare.1:55
10780 "Setting hostname or domainname will not affect the rest of the system. For "
10781 "further details, see B<uts_namespaces>(7)."
10784 #. type: Plain text
10785 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:52 original/man1/unshare.1:58
10786 msgid "B<IPC namespace>"
10789 #. type: Plain text
10790 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:54 original/man1/unshare.1:60
10792 "The process will have an independent namespace for POSIX message queues as "
10793 "well as System V message queues, semaphore sets and shared memory "
10794 "segments. For further details, see B<ipc_namespaces>(7)."
10797 #. type: Plain text
10798 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:57 original/man1/unshare.1:63
10799 msgid "B<network namespace>"
10802 #. type: Plain text
10803 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:59 original/man1/unshare.1:65
10805 "The process will have independent IPv4 and IPv6 stacks, IP routing tables, "
10806 "firewall rules, the I</proc/net> and I</sys/class/net> directory trees, "
10807 "sockets, etc. For further details, see B<network_namespaces>(7)."
10810 #. type: Plain text
10811 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:62 original/man1/unshare.1:68
10812 msgid "B<PID namespace>"
10815 #. type: Plain text
10816 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:64
10818 "Children will have a set of PID to process mappings separate from the "
10819 "B<nsenter> process. B<nsenter> will fork by default if changing the PID "
10820 "namespace, so that the new program and its children share the same PID "
10821 "namespace and are visible to each other. If B<--no-fork> is used, the new "
10822 "program will be exec\\(cqed without forking. For further details, see "
10823 "B<pid_namespaces>(7)."
10826 #. type: Plain text
10827 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:67 original/man1/unshare.1:78
10828 msgid "B<user namespace>"
10831 #. type: Plain text
10832 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:69 original/man1/unshare.1:80
10834 "The process will have a distinct set of UIDs, GIDs and capabilities. For "
10835 "further details, see B<user_namespaces>(7)."
10838 #. type: Plain text
10839 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:72 original/man1/unshare.1:73
10840 msgid "B<cgroup namespace>"
10843 #. type: Plain text
10844 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:74 original/man1/unshare.1:75
10846 "The process will have a virtualized view of I</proc/self/cgroup>, and new "
10847 "cgroup mounts will be rooted at the namespace cgroup root. For further "
10848 "details, see B<cgroup_namespaces>(7)."
10851 #. type: Plain text
10852 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:77 original/man1/unshare.1:83
10853 msgid "B<time namespace>"
10856 #. type: Plain text
10857 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:79 original/man1/unshare.1:85
10859 "The process can have a distinct view of B<CLOCK_MONOTONIC> and/or "
10860 "B<CLOCK_BOOTTIME> which can be changed using "
10861 "I</proc/self/timens_offsets>. For further details, see "
10862 "B<time_namespaces>(7)."
10865 #. type: Plain text
10866 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:83
10868 "Various of the options below that relate to namespaces take an optional "
10869 "I<file> argument. This should be one of the I</proc/[pid]/ns/*> files "
10870 "described in B<namespaces>(7), or the pathname of a bind mount that was "
10871 "created on one of those files."
10874 #. type: Plain text
10875 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:87
10877 "Enter all namespaces of the target process by the default "
10878 "I</proc/[pid]/ns/*> namespace paths. The default paths to the target process "
10879 "namespaces may be overwritten by namespace specific options (e.g., B<--all "
10880 "--mount>=[I<path>])."
10883 #. type: Plain text
10884 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:89
10886 "The user namespace will be ignored if the same as the caller\\(cqs current "
10887 "user namespace. It prevents a caller that has dropped capabilities from "
10888 "regaining those capabilities via a call to setns(). See B<setns>(2) for more "
10892 #. type: Plain text
10893 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:92
10894 msgid "B<-t>, B<--target> I<PID>"
10897 #. type: Plain text
10898 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:94
10900 "Specify a target process to get contexts from. The paths to the contexts "
10901 "specified by I<pid> are:"
10904 #. type: Plain text
10905 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:96
10906 msgid "I</proc/pid/ns/mnt>"
10909 #. type: Plain text
10910 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:98
10911 msgid "the mount namespace"
10914 #. type: Plain text
10915 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:101
10916 msgid "I</proc/pid/ns/uts>"
10919 #. type: Plain text
10920 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:103
10921 msgid "the UTS namespace"
10924 #. type: Plain text
10925 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:106
10926 msgid "I</proc/pid/ns/ipc>"
10929 #. type: Plain text
10930 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:108
10931 msgid "the IPC namespace"
10934 #. type: Plain text
10935 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:111
10936 msgid "I</proc/pid/ns/net>"
10939 #. type: Plain text
10940 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:113
10941 msgid "the network namespace"
10944 #. type: Plain text
10945 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:116
10946 msgid "I</proc/pid/ns/pid>"
10949 #. type: Plain text
10950 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:118
10951 msgid "the PID namespace"
10954 #. type: Plain text
10955 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:121
10956 msgid "I</proc/pid/ns/user>"
10959 #. type: Plain text
10960 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:123
10961 msgid "the user namespace"
10964 #. type: Plain text
10965 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:126
10966 msgid "I</proc/pid/ns/cgroup>"
10969 #. type: Plain text
10970 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:128
10971 msgid "the cgroup namespace"
10974 #. type: Plain text
10975 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:131
10976 msgid "I</proc/pid/ns/time>"
10979 #. type: Plain text
10980 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:133
10981 msgid "the time namespace"
10984 #. type: Plain text
10985 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:136
10986 msgid "I</proc/pid/root>"
10989 #. type: Plain text
10990 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:138
10991 msgid "the root directory"
10994 #. type: Plain text
10995 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:141
10996 msgid "I</proc/pid/cwd>"
10999 #. type: Plain text
11000 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:143
11001 msgid "the working directory respectively"
11004 #. type: Plain text
11005 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:147
11006 msgid "B<-m>, B<--mount>[=I<file>]"
11009 #. type: Plain text
11010 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:149
11012 "Enter the mount namespace. If no file is specified, enter the mount "
11013 "namespace of the target process. If I<file> is specified, enter the mount "
11014 "namespace specified by I<file>."
11017 #. type: Plain text
11018 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:152
11019 msgid "B<-u>, B<--uts>[=I<file>]"
11022 #. type: Plain text
11023 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:154
11025 "Enter the UTS namespace. If no file is specified, enter the UTS namespace of "
11026 "the target process. If I<file> is specified, enter the UTS namespace "
11027 "specified by I<file>."
11030 #. type: Plain text
11031 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:157
11032 msgid "B<-i>, B<--ipc>[=I<file>]"
11035 #. type: Plain text
11036 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:159
11038 "Enter the IPC namespace. If no file is specified, enter the IPC namespace of "
11039 "the target process. If I<file> is specified, enter the IPC namespace "
11040 "specified by I<file>."
11043 #. type: Plain text
11044 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:162
11045 msgid "B<-n>, B<--net>[=I<file>]"
11048 #. type: Plain text
11049 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:164
11051 "Enter the network namespace. If no file is specified, enter the network "
11052 "namespace of the target process. If I<file> is specified, enter the network "
11053 "namespace specified by I<file>."
11056 #. type: Plain text
11057 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:167
11058 msgid "B<-p>, B<--pid>[=I<file>]"
11061 #. type: Plain text
11062 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:169
11064 "Enter the PID namespace. If no file is specified, enter the PID namespace of "
11065 "the target process. If I<file> is specified, enter the PID namespace "
11066 "specified by I<file>."
11069 #. type: Plain text
11070 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:172
11071 msgid "B<-U>, B<--user>[=I<file>]"
11074 #. type: Plain text
11075 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:174
11077 "Enter the user namespace. If no file is specified, enter the user namespace "
11078 "of the target process. If I<file> is specified, enter the user namespace "
11079 "specified by I<file>. See also the B<--setuid> and B<--setgid> options."
11082 #. type: Plain text
11083 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:177
11084 msgid "B<-C>, B<--cgroup>[=I<file>]"
11087 #. type: Plain text
11088 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:179
11090 "Enter the cgroup namespace. If no file is specified, enter the cgroup "
11091 "namespace of the target process. If I<file> is specified, enter the cgroup "
11092 "namespace specified by I<file>."
11095 #. type: Plain text
11096 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:182
11097 msgid "B<-T>, B<--time>[=I<file>]"
11100 #. type: Plain text
11101 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:184
11103 "Enter the time namespace. If no file is specified, enter the time namespace "
11104 "of the target process. If I<file> is specified, enter the time namespace "
11105 "specified by I<file>."
11108 #. type: Plain text
11109 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:187 original/man1/unshare.1:198
11110 msgid "B<-G>, B<--setgid> I<gid>"
11113 #. type: Plain text
11114 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:189
11116 "Set the group ID which will be used in the entered namespace and drop "
11117 "supplementary groups. B<nsenter> always sets GID for user namespaces, the "
11121 #. type: Plain text
11122 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:192 original/man1/unshare.1:193
11123 msgid "B<-S>, B<--setuid> I<uid>"
11126 #. type: Plain text
11127 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:194
11129 "Set the user ID which will be used in the entered namespace. B<nsenter> "
11130 "always sets UID for user namespaces, the default is 0."
11133 #. type: Plain text
11134 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:197
11135 msgid "B<--preserve-credentials>"
11138 #. type: Plain text
11139 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:199
11141 "Don\\(cqt modify UID and GID when enter user namespace. The default is to "
11142 "drops supplementary groups and sets GID and UID to 0."
11145 #. type: Plain text
11146 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:202
11147 msgid "B<-r>, B<--root>[=I<directory>]"
11150 #. type: Plain text
11151 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:204
11153 "Set the root directory. If no directory is specified, set the root directory "
11154 "to the root directory of the target process. If directory is specified, set "
11155 "the root directory to the specified directory."
11158 #. type: Plain text
11159 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:207
11160 msgid "B<-w>, B<--wd>[=I<directory>]"
11163 #. type: Plain text
11164 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:209
11166 "Set the working directory. If no directory is specified, set the working "
11167 "directory to the working directory of the target process. If directory is "
11168 "specified, set the working directory to the specified directory."
11171 #. type: Plain text
11172 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:214
11174 "Do not fork before exec\\(cqing the specified program. By default, when "
11175 "entering a PID namespace, B<nsenter> calls B<fork> before calling B<exec> so "
11176 "that any children will also be in the newly entered PID namespace."
11179 #. type: Plain text
11180 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:217
11181 msgid "B<-Z>, B<--follow-context>"
11184 #. type: Plain text
11185 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:219
11187 "Set the SELinux security context used for executing a new process according "
11188 "to already running process specified by B<--target> PID. (The util-linux has "
11189 "to be compiled with SELinux support otherwise the option is unavailable.)"
11192 #. type: Plain text
11193 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:239
11194 msgid "B<clone>(2), B<setns>(2), B<namespaces>(7)"
11197 #. type: Plain text
11198 #: original/man1/nsenter.1:246
11200 "The B<nsenter> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
11205 #: original/man1/pg.1:10
11210 #. type: Plain text
11211 #: original/man1/pg.1:32
11212 msgid "pg - browse pagewise through text files"
11215 #. type: Plain text
11216 #: original/man1/pg.1:35
11218 "B<pg> B<-*>I<amount>B< *-p>I< prompt >B<-cefnrs>I< +line +/pattern/ file_ "
11222 #. type: Plain text
11223 #: original/man1/pg.1:38
11225 "B<pg> displays a text file on a CRT one screenful at once. After each page, "
11226 "a prompt is displayed. The user may then either press the newline key to "
11227 "view the next page or one of the keys described below."
11230 #. type: Plain text
11231 #: original/man1/pg.1:40
11233 "If no filename is given on the command line, B<pg> reads from standard "
11234 "input. If standard output is not a terminal, B<pg> acts like B<cat>(1) but "
11235 "precedes each file with its name if there is more than one."
11238 #. type: Plain text
11239 #: original/man1/pg.1:42
11241 "If input comes from a pipe, B<pg> stores the data in a buffer file while "
11242 "reading, to make navigation possible."
11245 #. type: Plain text
11246 #: original/man1/pg.1:45
11247 msgid "B<pg> accepts the following options:"
11250 #. type: Plain text
11251 #: original/man1/pg.1:49
11252 msgid "Start at the given line number."
11255 #. type: Plain text
11256 #: original/man1/pg.1:52
11257 msgid "B<+/>I<pattern>*/*"
11260 #. type: Plain text
11261 #: original/man1/pg.1:54
11262 msgid "Start at the line containing the Basic Regular Expression I<pattern> given."
11265 #. type: Plain text
11266 #: original/man1/pg.1:59
11268 "The number of lines per page. By default, this is the number of CRT lines "
11272 #. type: Plain text
11273 #: original/man1/pg.1:62
11277 #. type: Plain text
11278 #: original/man1/pg.1:64
11280 "Clear the screen before a page is displayed, if the terminfo entry for the "
11281 "terminal provides this capability."
11284 #. type: Plain text
11285 #: original/man1/pg.1:67
11289 #. type: Plain text
11290 #: original/man1/pg.1:69
11291 msgid "Do not pause and display I<(EOF)> at the end of a file."
11294 #. type: Plain text
11295 #: original/man1/pg.1:74
11296 msgid "Do not split long lines."
11299 #. type: Plain text
11300 #: original/man1/pg.1:77
11304 #. type: Plain text
11305 #: original/man1/pg.1:79
11306 msgid "Without this option, commands must be terminated by a newline character."
11309 #. type: Plain text
11310 #: original/man1/pg.1:81
11311 msgid "With this option, B<pg> advances once a command letter is entered."
11314 #. type: Plain text
11315 #: original/man1/pg.1:84
11316 msgid "B<-p> I<string>"
11319 #. type: Plain text
11320 #: original/man1/pg.1:86
11322 "Instead of the normal prompt I<:>, I<string> is displayed. If I<string> "
11323 "contains B<%d>, its first occurrence is replaced by the number of the "
11327 #. type: Plain text
11328 #: original/man1/pg.1:89
11332 #. type: Plain text
11333 #: original/man1/pg.1:91
11334 msgid "Disallow the shell escape."
11337 #. type: Plain text
11338 #: original/man1/pg.1:94 original/man1/whereis.1:73
11342 #. type: Plain text
11343 #: original/man1/pg.1:96
11345 "Print messages in I<standout> mode, if the terminfo entry for the terminal "
11346 "provides this capability."
11349 #. type: Plain text
11350 #: original/man1/pg.1:110
11352 "The following commands may be entered at the prompt. Commands preceded by "
11353 "I<i> in this document accept a number as argument, positive or negative. If "
11354 "this argument starts with B<+> or B<->, it is interpreted relative to the "
11355 "current position in the input file, otherwise relative to the beginning."
11358 #. type: Plain text
11359 #: original/man1/pg.1:112
11360 msgid "I<i>B<E<lt>EnterE<gt>>"
11363 #. type: Plain text
11364 #: original/man1/pg.1:114
11365 msgid "Display the next or the indicated page."
11368 #. type: Plain text
11369 #: original/man1/pg.1:117
11370 msgid "I<i>B<d> or B<^D>"
11373 #. type: Plain text
11374 #: original/man1/pg.1:119
11376 "Display the next halfpage. If I<i> is given, it is always interpreted "
11377 "relative to the current position."
11380 #. type: Plain text
11381 #: original/man1/pg.1:122
11385 #. type: Plain text
11386 #: original/man1/pg.1:124
11387 msgid "Display the next or the indicated line."
11390 #. type: Plain text
11391 #: original/man1/pg.1:127
11395 #. type: Plain text
11396 #: original/man1/pg.1:129
11398 "Skip a page forward. I<i> must be a positive number and is always "
11399 "interpreted relative to the current position."
11402 #. type: Plain text
11403 #: original/man1/pg.1:132
11404 msgid "I<i>B<w> or I<i>B<z>"
11407 #. type: Plain text
11408 #: original/man1/pg.1:134
11409 msgid "As B<E<lt>EnterE<gt>> except that I<i> becomes the new page size."
11412 #. type: Plain text
11413 #: original/man1/pg.1:137
11414 msgid "B<.> or B<^L>"
11417 #. type: Plain text
11418 #: original/man1/pg.1:139
11419 msgid "Redraw the screen."
11422 #. type: Plain text
11423 #: original/man1/pg.1:142
11427 #. type: Plain text
11428 #: original/man1/pg.1:144
11429 msgid "Advance to the last line of the input file."
11432 #. type: Plain text
11433 #: original/man1/pg.1:147
11434 msgid "I<i>B</>I<pattern>B</>"
11437 #. type: Plain text
11438 #: original/man1/pg.1:149
11440 "Search forward until the first or the I<i>-th occurrence of the Basic "
11441 "Regular Expression I<pattern> is found. The search starts after the current "
11442 "page and stops at the end of the file. No wrap-around is performed. I<i> "
11443 "must be a positive number."
11446 #. type: Plain text
11447 #: original/man1/pg.1:152
11448 msgid "I<i>B<?>I<pattern>B<?> or I<i>I<pattern>"
11451 #. type: Plain text
11452 #: original/man1/pg.1:154
11454 "Search backward until the first or the I<i>-th occurrence of the Basic "
11455 "Regular Expression I<pattern> is found. The search starts before the current "
11456 "page and stops at the beginning of the file. No wrap-around is "
11457 "performed. I<i> must be a positive number."
11460 #. type: Plain text
11461 #: original/man1/pg.1:157
11463 "The search commands accept an added letter. If B<t> is given, the line "
11464 "containing the pattern is displayed at the top of the screen, which is the "
11465 "default. B<m> selects the middle and B<b> the bottom of the screen. The "
11466 "selected position is used in following searches, too."
11469 #. type: Plain text
11470 #: original/man1/pg.1:159
11474 #. type: Plain text
11475 #: original/man1/pg.1:161
11476 msgid "Advance to the next file or I<i> files forward."
11479 #. type: Plain text
11480 #: original/man1/pg.1:164
11484 #. type: Plain text
11485 #: original/man1/pg.1:166
11486 msgid "Reread the previous file or I<i> files backward."
11489 #. type: Plain text
11490 #: original/man1/pg.1:169
11491 msgid "B<s> I<filename>"
11494 #. type: Plain text
11495 #: original/man1/pg.1:171
11496 msgid "Save the current file to the given I<filename>."
11499 #. type: Plain text
11500 #: original/man1/pg.1:174
11504 #. type: Plain text
11505 #: original/man1/pg.1:176
11506 msgid "Display a command summary."
11509 #. type: Plain text
11510 #: original/man1/pg.1:179
11511 msgid "B<!>I<command>"
11514 #. type: Plain text
11515 #: original/man1/pg.1:181
11516 msgid "Execute I<command> using the shell."
11519 #. type: Plain text
11520 #: original/man1/pg.1:184
11521 msgid "B<q> or B<Q>"
11524 #. type: Plain text
11525 #: original/man1/pg.1:186
11529 #. type: Plain text
11530 #: original/man1/pg.1:189
11532 "If the user presses the interrupt or quit key while B<pg> reads from the "
11533 "input file or writes on the terminal, B<pg> will immediately display the "
11534 "prompt. In all other situations these keys will terminate B<pg>."
11537 #. type: Plain text
11538 #: original/man1/pg.1:192
11539 msgid "The following environment variables affect the behavior of B<pg>:"
11542 #. type: Plain text
11543 #: original/man1/pg.1:194
11547 #. type: Plain text
11548 #: original/man1/pg.1:196
11549 msgid "Overrides the system-supplied number of columns if set."
11552 #. type: Plain text
11553 #: original/man1/pg.1:199
11554 msgid "B<LANG>, B<LC_ALL>, B<LC_COLLATE>, B<LC_CTYPE>, B<LC_MESSAGES>"
11557 #. type: Plain text
11558 #: original/man1/pg.1:201
11559 msgid "See B<locale>(7)."
11562 #. type: Plain text
11563 #: original/man1/pg.1:204
11567 #. type: Plain text
11568 #: original/man1/pg.1:206
11569 msgid "Overrides the system-supplied number of lines if set."
11572 #. type: Plain text
11573 #: original/man1/pg.1:211
11574 msgid "Used by the B<!> command."
11577 #. type: Plain text
11578 #: original/man1/pg.1:216
11579 msgid "Determines the terminal type."
11582 #. type: Plain text
11583 #: original/man1/pg.1:220
11584 msgid "B<pg> expects the terminal tabulators to be set every eight positions."
11587 #. type: Plain text
11588 #: original/man1/pg.1:222
11589 msgid "Files that include NUL characters cannot be displayed by B<pg>."
11592 #. type: Plain text
11593 #: original/man1/pg.1:231
11595 "B<cat>(1), B<more>(1), B<sh>(1p), B<terminfo>(5), B<locale>(7), B<regex>(7), "
11599 #. type: Plain text
11600 #: original/man1/pg.1:238
11602 "The B<pg> command is part of the util-linux package which can be downloaded "
11607 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:10
11612 #. type: Plain text
11613 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:32
11614 msgid "prlimit - get and set process resource limits"
11617 #. type: Plain text
11618 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:35
11619 msgid "B<prlimit> [options] [B<--resource>[=I<limits>]] [B<--pid> I<PID>]"
11622 #. type: Plain text
11623 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:37
11624 msgid "B<prlimit> [options] [B<--resource>[=I<limits>]] I<command> [I<argument>...]"
11627 #. type: Plain text
11628 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:40
11630 "Given a process ID and one or more resources, B<prlimit> tries to retrieve "
11631 "and/or modify the limits."
11634 #. type: Plain text
11635 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:42
11637 "When I<command> is given, B<prlimit> will run this command with the given "
11641 #. type: Plain text
11642 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:44
11644 "The I<limits> parameter is composed of a soft and a hard value, separated by "
11645 "a colon (:), in order to modify the existing values. If no I<limits> are "
11646 "given, B<prlimit> will display the current values. If one of the values is "
11647 "not given, then the existing one will be used. To specify the unlimited or "
11648 "infinity limit (B<RLIM_INFINITY>), the -1 or \\(aqunlimited\\(aq string can "
11652 #. type: Plain text
11653 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:46
11655 "Because of the nature of limits, the soft limit must be lower or equal to "
11656 "the high limit (also called the ceiling). To see all available resource "
11657 "limits, refer to the RESOURCE OPTIONS section."
11660 #. type: Plain text
11661 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:56
11662 msgid "I<soft>:_hard_ Specify both limits."
11665 #. type: Plain text
11666 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:67
11667 msgid "I<soft>: Specify only the soft limit."
11670 #. type: Plain text
11671 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:78
11672 msgid ":I<hard> Specify only the hard limit."
11675 #. type: Plain text
11676 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:89
11677 msgid "I<value> Specify both limits to the same value."
11681 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:90
11683 msgid "GENERAL OPTIONS"
11686 #. type: Plain text
11687 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:103
11688 msgid "B<-o, --output> I<list>"
11691 #. type: Plain text
11692 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:105
11694 "Define the output columns to use. If no output arrangement is specified, "
11695 "then a default set is used. Use B<--help> to get a list of all supported "
11699 #. type: Plain text
11700 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:108
11701 msgid "B<-p, --pid>"
11704 #. type: Plain text
11705 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:110
11706 msgid "Specify the process id; if none is given, the running process will be used."
11709 #. type: Plain text
11710 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:113
11714 #. type: Plain text
11715 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:115 original/man1/uuidparse.1:148
11716 msgid "Use the raw output format."
11719 #. type: Plain text
11720 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:120
11721 msgid "Verbose mode."
11724 #. type: Plain text
11725 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:123
11726 msgid "B<-V, --version>"
11730 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:126
11732 msgid "RESOURCE OPTIONS"
11735 #. type: Plain text
11736 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:129
11737 msgid "B<-c, --core>[=I<limits>]"
11740 #. type: Plain text
11741 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:131
11742 msgid "Maximum size of a core file."
11745 #. type: Plain text
11746 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:134
11747 msgid "B<-d, --data>[=I<limits>]"
11750 #. type: Plain text
11751 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:136
11752 msgid "Maximum data size."
11755 #. type: Plain text
11756 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:139
11757 msgid "B<-e, --nice>[=I<limits>]"
11760 #. type: Plain text
11761 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:141
11762 msgid "Maximum nice priority allowed to raise."
11765 #. type: Plain text
11766 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:144
11767 msgid "B<-f, --fsize>[=I<limits>]"
11770 #. type: Plain text
11771 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:146
11772 msgid "Maximum file size."
11775 #. type: Plain text
11776 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:149
11777 msgid "B<-i, --sigpending>[=I<limits>]"
11780 #. type: Plain text
11781 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:151
11782 msgid "Maximum number of pending signals."
11785 #. type: Plain text
11786 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:154
11787 msgid "B<-l, --memlock>[=I<limits>]"
11790 #. type: Plain text
11791 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:156
11792 msgid "Maximum locked-in-memory address space."
11795 #. type: Plain text
11796 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:159
11797 msgid "B<-m, --rss>[=I<limits>]"
11800 #. type: Plain text
11801 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:161
11802 msgid "Maximum Resident Set Size (RSS)."
11805 #. type: Plain text
11806 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:164
11807 msgid "B<-n, --nofile>[=I<limits>]"
11810 #. type: Plain text
11811 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:166
11812 msgid "Maximum number of open files."
11815 #. type: Plain text
11816 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:169
11817 msgid "B<-q, --msgqueue>[=I<limits>]"
11820 #. type: Plain text
11821 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:171
11822 msgid "Maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues."
11825 #. type: Plain text
11826 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:174
11827 msgid "B<-r, --rtprio>[=I<limits>]"
11830 #. type: Plain text
11831 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:176
11832 msgid "Maximum real-time priority."
11835 #. type: Plain text
11836 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:179
11837 msgid "B<-s, --stack>[=I<limits>]"
11840 #. type: Plain text
11841 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:181
11842 msgid "Maximum size of the stack."
11845 #. type: Plain text
11846 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:184
11847 msgid "B<-t, --cpu>[=I<limits>]"
11850 #. type: Plain text
11851 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:186
11852 msgid "CPU time, in seconds."
11855 #. type: Plain text
11856 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:189
11857 msgid "B<-u, --nproc>[=I<limits>]"
11860 #. type: Plain text
11861 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:191
11862 msgid "Maximum number of processes."
11865 #. type: Plain text
11866 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:194
11867 msgid "B<-v, --as>[=I<limits>]"
11870 #. type: Plain text
11871 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:196
11872 msgid "Address space limit."
11875 #. type: Plain text
11876 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:199
11877 msgid "B<-x, --locks>[=I<limits>]"
11880 #. type: Plain text
11881 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:201
11882 msgid "Maximum number of file locks held."
11885 #. type: Plain text
11886 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:204
11887 msgid "B<-y, --rttime>[=I<limits>]"
11890 #. type: Plain text
11891 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:206
11892 msgid "Timeout for real-time tasks."
11895 #. type: Plain text
11896 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:210
11898 "The B<prlimit> system call is supported since Linux 2.6.36, older kernels "
11899 "will break this program."
11902 #. type: Plain text
11903 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:213
11904 msgid "B<prlimit --pid 13134>"
11907 #. type: Plain text
11908 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:215
11909 msgid "Display limit values for all current resources."
11912 #. type: Plain text
11913 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:218
11914 msgid "B<prlimit --pid 13134 --rss --nofile=1024:4095>"
11917 #. type: Plain text
11918 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:220
11920 "Display the limits of the RSS, and set the soft and hard limits for the "
11921 "number of open files to 1024 and 4095, respectively."
11924 #. type: Plain text
11925 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:223
11926 msgid "B<prlimit --pid 13134 --nproc=512:>"
11929 #. type: Plain text
11930 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:225
11931 msgid "Modify only the soft limit for the number of processes."
11934 #. type: Plain text
11935 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:228
11936 msgid "B<prlimit --pid $$ --nproc=unlimited>"
11939 #. type: Plain text
11940 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:230
11942 "Set for the current process both the soft and ceiling values for the number "
11943 "of processes to unlimited."
11946 #. type: Plain text
11947 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:233
11948 msgid "B<prlimit --cpu=10 sort -u hugefile>"
11951 #. type: Plain text
11952 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:235
11954 "Set both the soft and hard CPU time limit to ten seconds and run "
11958 #. type: Plain text
11959 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:240
11960 msgid "- In memory of Dennis M. Ritchie."
11963 #. type: Plain text
11964 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:244
11965 msgid "B<ulimit>(1p), B<prlimit>(2)"
11968 #. type: Plain text
11969 #: original/man1/prlimit.1:251
11971 "The B<prlimit> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
11976 #: original/man1/rename.1:10
11981 #. type: Plain text
11982 #: original/man1/rename.1:32
11983 msgid "rename - rename files"
11986 #. type: Plain text
11987 #: original/man1/rename.1:35
11988 msgid "B<rename> [options] I<expression replacement file>..."
11991 #. type: Plain text
11992 #: original/man1/rename.1:38
11994 "B<rename> will rename the specified files by replacing the first occurrence "
11995 "of I<expression> in their name by I<replacement>."
11998 #. type: Plain text
11999 #: original/man1/rename.1:41
12000 msgid "B<-s>, B<--symlink>"
12003 #. type: Plain text
12004 #: original/man1/rename.1:43
12005 msgid "Do not rename a symlink but its target."
12008 #. type: Plain text
12009 #: original/man1/rename.1:48
12010 msgid "Show which files were renamed, if any."
12013 #. type: Plain text
12014 #: original/man1/rename.1:51
12015 msgid "B<-n>, B<--no-act>"
12018 #. type: Plain text
12019 #: original/man1/rename.1:53
12020 msgid "Do not make any changes; add B<--verbose> to see what would be made."
12023 #. type: Plain text
12024 #: original/man1/rename.1:56
12025 msgid "B<-o>, B<--no-overwrite>"
12028 #. type: Plain text
12029 #: original/man1/rename.1:58
12031 "Do not overwrite existing files. When B<--symlink> is active, do not "
12032 "overwrite symlinks pointing to existing targets."
12035 #. type: Plain text
12036 #: original/man1/rename.1:61
12037 msgid "B<-i>, B<--interactive>"
12040 #. type: Plain text
12041 #: original/man1/rename.1:63
12042 msgid "Ask before overwriting existing files."
12046 #: original/man1/rename.1:74
12051 #. type: Plain text
12052 #: original/man1/rename.1:77
12054 "The renaming has no safeguards by default or without any one of the options "
12055 "B<--no-overwrite>, B<--interactive> or B<--no-act>. If the user has "
12056 "permission to rewrite file names, the command will perform the action "
12057 "without any questions. For example, the result can be quite drastic when the "
12058 "command is run as root in the I</lib> directory. Always make a backup before "
12059 "running the command, unless you truly know what you are doing."
12063 #: original/man1/rename.1:77
12065 msgid "INTERACTIVE MODE"
12068 #. type: Plain text
12069 #: original/man1/rename.1:80
12071 "As most standard utilities rename can be used with a terminal device (tty in "
12072 "short) in canonical mode, where the line is buffered by the tty and you "
12073 "press ENTER to validate the user input. If you put your tty in cbreak mode "
12074 "however, rename requires only a single key press to answer the prompt. To "
12075 "set cbreak mode, run for example:"
12078 #. type: Plain text
12079 #: original/man1/rename.1:85
12082 "sh -c \\(aqstty -icanon min 1; \"$0\" \"$@\"; stty icanon\\(aq rename -i "
12086 #. type: Plain text
12087 #: original/man1/rename.1:93
12088 msgid "all requested rename operations were successful"
12091 #. type: Plain text
12092 #: original/man1/rename.1:98
12093 msgid "all rename operations failed"
12096 #. type: Plain text
12097 #: original/man1/rename.1:101
12101 #. type: Plain text
12102 #: original/man1/rename.1:103
12103 msgid "some rename operations failed"
12106 #. type: Plain text
12107 #: original/man1/rename.1:106
12111 #. type: Plain text
12112 #: original/man1/rename.1:108
12113 msgid "nothing was renamed"
12116 #. type: Plain text
12117 #: original/man1/rename.1:113
12118 msgid "unanticipated error occurred"
12121 #. type: Plain text
12122 #: original/man1/rename.1:117
12124 "Given the files I<foo1>, ..., I<foo9>, I<foo10>, ..., I<foo278>, the "
12128 #. type: Plain text
12129 #: original/man1/rename.1:123
12132 "rename foo foo00 foo?\n"
12133 "rename foo foo0 foo??\n"
12136 #. type: Plain text
12137 #: original/man1/rename.1:128
12139 "will turn them into I<foo001>, ..., I<foo009>, I<foo010>, ..., "
12143 #. type: Plain text
12144 #: original/man1/rename.1:133
12146 msgid "rename .htm .html *.htm\n"
12149 #. type: Plain text
12150 #: original/man1/rename.1:138
12152 "will fix the extension of your html files. Provide an empty string for "
12156 #. type: Plain text
12157 #: original/man1/rename.1:143
12159 msgid "rename \\(aq_with_long_name\\(aq \\(aq\\(aq file_with_long_name.*\n"
12162 #. type: Plain text
12163 #: original/man1/rename.1:148
12164 msgid "will remove the substring in the filenames."
12167 #. type: Plain text
12168 #: original/man1/rename.1:151
12172 #. type: Plain text
12173 #: original/man1/rename.1:158
12175 "The B<rename> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
12180 #: original/man1/renice.1:10
12185 #. type: Plain text
12186 #: original/man1/renice.1:32
12187 msgid "renice - alter priority of running processes"
12190 #. type: Plain text
12191 #: original/man1/renice.1:35
12192 msgid "B<renice> [B<-n>] I<priority> [B<-g>|B<-p>|B<-u>] I<identifier>..."
12195 #. type: Plain text
12196 #: original/man1/renice.1:38
12198 "B<renice> alters the scheduling priority of one or more running "
12199 "processes. The first argument is the I<priority> value to be used. The other "
12200 "arguments are interpreted as process IDs (by default), process group IDs, "
12201 "user IDs, or user names. B<renice>\\(aqing a process group causes all "
12202 "processes in the process group to have their scheduling priority "
12203 "altered. B<renice>\\(aqing a user causes all processes owned by the user to "
12204 "have their scheduling priority altered."
12207 #. type: Plain text
12208 #: original/man1/renice.1:41
12209 msgid "B<-n>, B<--priority> I<priority>"
12212 #. type: Plain text
12213 #: original/man1/renice.1:43
12215 "Specify the scheduling I<priority> to be used for the process, process "
12216 "group, or user. Use of the option B<-n> or B<--priority> is optional, but "
12217 "when used it must be the first argument."
12220 #. type: Plain text
12221 #: original/man1/renice.1:46
12222 msgid "B<-g>, B<--pgrp>"
12225 #. type: Plain text
12226 #: original/man1/renice.1:48
12227 msgid "Interpret the succeeding arguments as process group IDs."
12230 #. type: Plain text
12231 #: original/man1/renice.1:53
12232 msgid "Interpret the succeeding arguments as process IDs (the default)."
12235 #. type: Plain text
12236 #: original/man1/renice.1:56
12237 msgid "B<-u>, B<--user>"
12240 #. type: Plain text
12241 #: original/man1/renice.1:58
12242 msgid "Interpret the succeeding arguments as usernames or UIDs."
12245 #. type: Plain text
12246 #: original/man1/renice.1:72
12247 msgid "I</etc/passwd>"
12250 #. type: Plain text
12251 #: original/man1/renice.1:74
12252 msgid "to map user names to user IDs"
12255 #. type: Plain text
12256 #: original/man1/renice.1:78
12258 "Users other than the superuser may only alter the priority of processes they "
12259 "own. Furthermore, an unprivileged user can only I<increase> the \"nice "
12260 "value\" (i.e., choose a lower priority) and such changes are irreversible "
12261 "unless (since Linux 2.6.12) the user has a suitable \"nice\" resource limit "
12262 "(see B<ulimit>(1p) and B<getrlimit>(2))."
12265 #. type: Plain text
12266 #: original/man1/renice.1:80
12268 "The superuser may alter the priority of any process and set the priority to "
12269 "any value in the range -20 to 19. Useful priorities are: 19 (the affected "
12270 "processes will run only when nothing else in the system wants to), 0 (the "
12271 "\"base\" scheduling priority), anything negative (to make things go very "
12275 #. type: Plain text
12276 #: original/man1/renice.1:83
12277 msgid "The B<renice> command appeared in 4.0BSD."
12280 #. type: Plain text
12281 #: original/man1/renice.1:86
12283 "The following command would change the priority of the processes with PIDs "
12284 "987 and 32, plus all processes owned by the users daemon and root:"
12287 #. type: Plain text
12288 #: original/man1/renice.1:88
12289 msgid "B<renice +1 987 -u daemon root -p 32>"
12292 #. type: Plain text
12293 #: original/man1/renice.1:96
12295 "B<nice>(1), B<chrt>(1), B<getpriority>(2), B<setpriority>(2), "
12296 "B<credentials>(7), B<sched>(7)"
12299 #. type: Plain text
12300 #: original/man1/renice.1:103
12302 "The B<renice> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
12307 #: original/man1/rev.1:10
12312 #. type: Plain text
12313 #: original/man1/rev.1:32
12314 msgid "rev - reverse lines characterwise"
12317 #. type: Plain text
12318 #: original/man1/rev.1:35
12319 msgid "B<rev> [option] [I<file>...]"
12322 #. type: Plain text
12323 #: original/man1/rev.1:38
12325 "The B<rev> utility copies the specified files to standard output, reversing "
12326 "the order of characters in every line. If no files are specified, standard "
12330 #. type: Plain text
12331 #: original/man1/rev.1:40
12333 "This utility is a line-oriented tool and it uses in-memory allocated buffer "
12334 "for a whole wide-char line. If the input file is huge and without line "
12335 "breaks than allocate the memory for the file may be unsuccessful."
12338 #. type: Plain text
12339 #: original/man1/rev.1:54
12343 #. type: Plain text
12344 #: original/man1/rev.1:61
12346 "The B<rev> command is part of the util-linux package which can be downloaded "
12351 #: original/man1/runuser.1:10
12356 #. type: Plain text
12357 #: original/man1/runuser.1:32
12358 msgid "runuser - run a command with substitute user and group ID"
12361 #. type: Plain text
12362 #: original/man1/runuser.1:35
12363 msgid "B<runuser> [options] B<-u> I<user> [[--] I<command> [I<argument>...]]"
12366 #. type: Plain text
12367 #: original/man1/runuser.1:37
12368 msgid "B<runuser> [options] [B<->] [I<user> [I<argument>...]]"
12371 #. type: Plain text
12372 #: original/man1/runuser.1:40
12374 "B<runuser> can be used to run commands with a substitute user and group "
12375 "ID. If the option B<-u> is not given, B<runuser> falls back to "
12376 "B<su>-compatible semantics and a shell is executed. The difference between "
12377 "the commands B<runuser> and B<su> is that B<runuser> does not ask for a "
12378 "password (because it may be executed by the root user only) and it uses a "
12379 "different PAM configuration. The command B<runuser> does not have to be "
12380 "installed with set-user-ID permissions."
12383 #. type: Plain text
12384 #: original/man1/runuser.1:42
12386 "If the PAM session is not required, then the recommended solution is to use "
12387 "the B<setpriv>(1) command."
12390 #. type: Plain text
12391 #: original/man1/runuser.1:44
12393 "When called without arguments, B<runuser> defaults to running an interactive "
12394 "shell as I<root>."
12397 #. type: Plain text
12398 #: original/man1/runuser.1:46
12400 "For backward compatibility, B<runuser> defaults to not changing the current "
12401 "directory and to setting only the environment variables B<HOME> and B<SHELL> "
12402 "(plus B<USER> and B<LOGNAME> if the target I<user> is not root). This "
12403 "version of B<runuser> uses PAM for session management."
12406 #. type: Plain text
12407 #: original/man1/runuser.1:48
12409 "Note that B<runuser> in all cases use PAM (pam_getenvlist()) to do the final "
12410 "environment modification. Command-line options such as B<--login> and "
12411 "B<--preserve-environment> affect the environment before it is modified by "
12415 #. type: Plain text
12416 #: original/man1/runuser.1:51 original/man1/su.1:51
12417 msgid "B<-c>, B<--command>=I<command>"
12420 #. type: Plain text
12421 #: original/man1/runuser.1:53 original/man1/su.1:53
12422 msgid "Pass I<command> to the shell with the B<-c> option."
12425 #. type: Plain text
12426 #: original/man1/runuser.1:56 original/man1/su.1:56
12427 msgid "B<-f>, B<--fast>"
12430 #. type: Plain text
12431 #: original/man1/runuser.1:58 original/man1/su.1:58
12433 "Pass B<-f> to the shell, which may or may not be useful, depending on the "
12437 #. type: Plain text
12438 #: original/man1/runuser.1:61 original/man1/su.1:61
12439 msgid "B<-g>, B<--group>=I<group>"
12442 #. type: Plain text
12443 #: original/man1/runuser.1:63
12444 msgid "The primary group to be used. This option is allowed for the root user only."
12447 #. type: Plain text
12448 #: original/man1/runuser.1:66 original/man1/su.1:66
12449 msgid "B<-G>, B<--supp-group>=I<group>"
12452 #. type: Plain text
12453 #: original/man1/runuser.1:68 original/man1/su.1:68
12455 "Specify a supplementary group. This option is available to the root user "
12456 "only. The first specified supplementary group is also used as a primary "
12457 "group if the option B<--group> is not specified."
12460 #. type: Plain text
12461 #: original/man1/runuser.1:71 original/man1/su.1:71
12462 msgid "B<->, B<-l>, B<--login>"
12465 #. type: Plain text
12466 #: original/man1/runuser.1:73 original/man1/su.1:73
12468 "Start the shell as a login shell with an environment similar to a real "
12472 #. type: Plain text
12473 #: original/man1/runuser.1:83
12475 "clears all the environment variables except for B<TERM> and variables "
12476 "specified by B<--whitelist-environment>"
12479 #. type: Plain text
12480 #: original/man1/runuser.1:94 original/man1/su.1:94
12482 "initializes the environment variables B<HOME>, B<SHELL>, B<USER>, "
12483 "B<LOGNAME>, and B<PATH>"
12486 #. type: Plain text
12487 #: original/man1/runuser.1:105 original/man1/su.1:105
12488 msgid "changes to the target user\\(cqs home directory"
12491 #. type: Plain text
12492 #: original/man1/runuser.1:116 original/man1/su.1:116
12494 "sets argv[0] of the shell to \\(aqB<->\\(aq in order to make the shell a "
12498 #. type: Plain text
12499 #: original/man1/runuser.1:120 original/man1/su.1:125
12500 msgid "B<-P>, B<--pty>"
12503 #. type: Plain text
12504 #: original/man1/runuser.1:122
12506 "Create a pseudo-terminal for the session. The independent terminal provides "
12507 "better security as the user does not share a terminal with the original "
12508 "session. This can be used to avoid TIOCSTI ioctl terminal injection and "
12509 "other security attacks against terminal file descriptors. The entire session "
12510 "can also be moved to the background (e.g., B<runuser --pty -u username \\(em "
12511 "command &>). If the pseudo-terminal is enabled, then B<runuser> works as a "
12512 "proxy between the sessions (copy stdin and stdout)."
12515 #. type: Plain text
12516 #: original/man1/runuser.1:124
12518 "This feature is mostly designed for interactive sessions. If the standard "
12519 "input is not a terminal, but for example a pipe (e.g., B<echo \"date\" | "
12520 "runuser --pty -u user>), then the ECHO flag for the pseudo-terminal is "
12521 "disabled to avoid messy output."
12524 #. type: Plain text
12525 #: original/man1/runuser.1:127 original/man1/su.1:120
12526 msgid "B<-m>, B<-p>, B<--preserve-environment>"
12529 #. type: Plain text
12530 #: original/man1/runuser.1:129
12532 "Preserve the entire environment, i.e., do not set B<HOME>, B<SHELL>, B<USER> "
12533 "or B<LOGNAME>. The option is ignored if the option B<--login> is specified."
12536 #. type: Plain text
12537 #: original/man1/runuser.1:132 original/man1/su.1:132
12538 msgid "B<-s>, B<--shell>=I<shell>"
12541 #. type: Plain text
12542 #: original/man1/runuser.1:134 original/man1/su.1:134
12544 "Run the specified I<shell> instead of the default. The shell to run is "
12545 "selected according to the following rules, in order:"
12548 #. type: Plain text
12549 #: original/man1/runuser.1:144 original/man1/su.1:144
12550 msgid "the shell specified with B<--shell>"
12553 #. type: Plain text
12554 #: original/man1/runuser.1:155
12556 "the shell specified in the environment variable B<SHELL> if the "
12557 "B<--preserve-environment> option is used"
12560 #. type: Plain text
12561 #: original/man1/runuser.1:166 original/man1/su.1:166
12562 msgid "the shell listed in the passwd entry of the target user"
12565 #. type: Plain text
12566 #: original/man1/runuser.1:177 original/man1/su.1:177
12570 #. type: Plain text
12571 #: original/man1/runuser.1:179
12573 "If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e., not listed in "
12574 "I</etc/shells>), then the B<--shell> option and the B<SHELL> environment "
12575 "variables are ignored unless the calling user is root."
12578 #. type: Plain text
12579 #: original/man1/runuser.1:183 original/man1/su.1:183
12580 msgid "B<--session-command=>I<command>"
12583 #. type: Plain text
12584 #: original/man1/runuser.1:185 original/man1/su.1:185
12585 msgid "Same as B<-c>, but do not create a new session. (Discouraged.)"
12588 #. type: Plain text
12589 #: original/man1/runuser.1:188 original/man1/su.1:188
12590 msgid "B<-w>, B<--whitelist-environment>=I<list>"
12593 #. type: Plain text
12594 #: original/man1/runuser.1:190 original/man1/su.1:190
12596 "Don\\(cqt reset the environment variables specified in the comma-separated "
12597 "I<list> when clearing the environment for B<--login>. The whitelist is "
12598 "ignored for the environment variables B<HOME>, B<SHELL>, B<USER>, "
12599 "B<LOGNAME>, and B<PATH>."
12603 #: original/man1/runuser.1:201 original/man1/su.1:204
12605 msgid "CONFIG FILES"
12608 #. type: Plain text
12609 #: original/man1/runuser.1:204
12611 "B<runuser> reads the I</etc/default/runuser> and I</etc/login.defs> "
12612 "configuration files. The following configuration items are relevant for "
12616 #. type: Plain text
12617 #: original/man1/runuser.1:208
12619 "Defines the PATH environment variable for a regular user. The default value "
12620 "is I</usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin>."
12623 #. type: Plain text
12624 #: original/man1/runuser.1:213 original/man1/su.1:221
12626 "Defines the B<PATH> environment variable for root. B<ENV_SUPATH> takes "
12627 "precedence. The default value is "
12628 "I</usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin>."
12631 #. type: Plain text
12632 #: original/man1/runuser.1:216 original/man1/su.1:224
12633 msgid "B<ALWAYS_SET_PATH> (boolean)"
12636 #. type: Plain text
12637 #: original/man1/runuser.1:218
12639 "If set to I<yes> and --login and --preserve-environment were not specified "
12640 "B<runuser> initializes B<PATH>."
12643 #. type: Plain text
12644 #: original/man1/runuser.1:221 original/man1/su.1:228
12646 "The environment variable B<PATH> may be different on systems where I</bin> "
12647 "and I</sbin> are merged into I</usr>; this variable is also affected by the "
12648 "B<--login> command-line option and the PAM system setting (e.g., "
12652 #. type: Plain text
12653 #: original/man1/runuser.1:224
12655 "B<runuser> normally returns the exit status of the command it executed. If "
12656 "the command was killed by a signal, B<runuser> returns the number of the "
12660 #. type: Plain text
12661 #: original/man1/runuser.1:226
12662 msgid "Exit status generated by B<runuser> itself:"
12665 #. type: Plain text
12666 #: original/man1/runuser.1:230 original/man1/su.1:238
12667 msgid "Generic error before executing the requested command"
12670 #. type: Plain text
12671 #: original/man1/runuser.1:233 original/man1/su.1:241
12675 #. type: Plain text
12676 #: original/man1/runuser.1:235 original/man1/su.1:243
12677 msgid "The requested command could not be executed"
12680 #. type: Plain text
12681 #: original/man1/runuser.1:238 original/man1/su.1:246
12685 #. type: Plain text
12686 #: original/man1/runuser.1:240 original/man1/su.1:248
12687 msgid "The requested command was not found"
12690 #. type: Plain text
12691 #: original/man1/runuser.1:244
12692 msgid "I</etc/pam.d/runuser>"
12695 #. type: Plain text
12696 #: original/man1/runuser.1:246 original/man1/su.1:254
12697 msgid "default PAM configuration file"
12700 #. type: Plain text
12701 #: original/man1/runuser.1:249
12702 msgid "I</etc/pam.d/runuser-l>"
12705 #. type: Plain text
12706 #: original/man1/runuser.1:251 original/man1/su.1:259
12707 msgid "PAM configuration file if B<--login> is specified"
12710 #. type: Plain text
12711 #: original/man1/runuser.1:254
12712 msgid "I</etc/default/runuser>"
12715 #. type: Plain text
12716 #: original/man1/runuser.1:256
12717 msgid "runuser specific logindef config file"
12720 #. type: Plain text
12721 #: original/man1/runuser.1:259 original/man1/su.1:267
12722 msgid "I</etc/login.defs>"
12725 #. type: Plain text
12726 #: original/man1/runuser.1:261 original/man1/su.1:269
12727 msgid "global logindef config file"
12730 #. type: Plain text
12731 #: original/man1/runuser.1:265
12733 "This B<runuser> command was derived from coreutils\\(aq B<su>, which was "
12734 "based on an implementation by David MacKenzie, and the Fedora B<runuser> "
12735 "command by Dan Walsh."
12738 #. type: Plain text
12739 #: original/man1/runuser.1:272
12740 msgid "B<setpriv>(1), B<su>(1), B<login.defs>(5), B<shells>(5), B<pam>(8)"
12743 #. type: Plain text
12744 #: original/man1/runuser.1:279
12746 "The B<runuser> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
12751 #: original/man1/script.1:10
12756 #. type: Plain text
12757 #: original/man1/script.1:32
12758 msgid "script - make typescript of terminal session"
12761 #. type: Plain text
12762 #: original/man1/script.1:35
12763 msgid "B<script> [options] [I<file>]"
12766 #. type: Plain text
12767 #: original/man1/script.1:38
12769 "B<script> makes a typescript of everything on your terminal session. The "
12770 "terminal data are stored in raw form to the log file and information about "
12771 "timing to another (optional) structured log file. The timing log file is "
12772 "necessary to replay the session later by B<scriptreplay>(1) and to store "
12773 "additional information about the session."
12776 #. type: Plain text
12777 #: original/man1/script.1:40
12779 "Since version 2.35, B<script> supports multiple streams and allows the "
12780 "logging of input and output to separate files or all the one file. This "
12781 "version also supports new timing file which records additional "
12782 "information. The command B<scriptreplay --summary> then provides all the "
12786 #. type: Plain text
12787 #: original/man1/script.1:42
12789 "If the argument I<file> or option B<--log-out> I<file> is given, B<script> "
12790 "saves the dialogue in this I<file>. If no filename is given, the dialogue is "
12791 "saved in the file I<typescript>."
12794 #. type: Plain text
12795 #: original/man1/script.1:44
12797 "Note that logging input using B<--log-in> or B<--log-io> may record "
12798 "security-sensitive information as the log file contains all terminal session "
12799 "input (e.g., passwords) independently of the terminal echo flag setting."
12802 #. type: Plain text
12803 #: original/man1/script.1:47
12805 "Below, the I<size> argument may be followed by the multiplicative suffixes "
12806 "KiB (=1024), MiB (=1024*1024), and so on for GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB "
12807 "(the \"iB\" is optional, e.g., \"K\" has the same meaning as \"KiB\"), or "
12808 "the suffixes KB (=1000), MB (=1000*1000), and so on for GB, TB, PB, EB, ZB "
12812 #. type: Plain text
12813 #: original/man1/script.1:49
12814 msgid "B<-a>, B<--append>"
12817 #. type: Plain text
12818 #: original/man1/script.1:51
12820 "Append the output to I<file> or to I<typescript>, retaining the prior "
12824 #. type: Plain text
12825 #: original/man1/script.1:56
12827 "Run the I<command> rather than an interactive shell. This makes it easy for "
12828 "a script to capture the output of a program that behaves differently when "
12829 "its stdout is not a tty."
12832 #. type: Plain text
12833 #: original/man1/script.1:59
12834 msgid "B<-E>, B<--echo> I<when>"
12837 #. type: Plain text
12838 #: original/man1/script.1:61
12840 "This option controls the B<ECHO> flag for the slave end of the session\\(cqs "
12841 "pseudoterminal. The supported modes are I<always>, I<never>, or I<auto>."
12844 #. type: Plain text
12845 #: original/man1/script.1:63
12847 "The default is I<auto> \\(em in this case, B<ECHO> enabled for the "
12848 "pseudoterminal slave; if the current standard input is a terminal, B<ECHO> "
12849 "is disabled for it to prevent double echo; if the current standard input is "
12850 "not a terminal (for example pipe: B<echo date | script>) then keeping "
12851 "B<ECHO> enabled for the pseudoterminal slave enables the standard input data "
12852 "to be viewed on screen while being recorded to session log simultaneously."
12855 #. type: Plain text
12856 #: original/man1/script.1:65
12858 "Note that \\(aqnever\\(aq mode affects content of the session output log, "
12859 "because users input is not repeated on output."
12862 #. type: Plain text
12863 #: original/man1/script.1:68
12864 msgid "B<-e>, B<--return>"
12867 #. type: Plain text
12868 #: original/man1/script.1:70
12870 "Return the exit status of the child process. Uses the same format as bash "
12871 "termination on signal termination (i.e., exit status is 128 + the signal "
12872 "number). The exit status of the child process is always stored in the type "
12876 #. type: Plain text
12877 #: original/man1/script.1:73
12878 msgid "B<-f>, B<--flush>"
12881 #. type: Plain text
12882 #: original/man1/script.1:75
12884 "Flush output after each write. This is nice for telecooperation: one person "
12885 "does B<mkfifo foo; script -f foo>, and another can supervise in real-time "
12886 "what is being done using B<cat foo>. Note that flush has an impact on "
12887 "performance; it\\(cqs possible to use B<SIGUSR1> to flush logs on demand."
12890 #. type: Plain text
12891 #: original/man1/script.1:78
12895 #. type: Plain text
12896 #: original/man1/script.1:80
12898 "Allow the default output file I<typescript> to be a hard or symbolic "
12899 "link. The command will follow a symbolic link."
12902 #. type: Plain text
12903 #: original/man1/script.1:83 original/man1/scriptlive.1:52
12904 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:59
12905 msgid "B<-B>, B<--log-io> I<file>"
12908 #. type: Plain text
12909 #: original/man1/script.1:85
12911 "Log input and output to the same I<file>. Note, this option makes sense only "
12912 "if B<--log-timing> is also specified, otherwise it\\(cqs impossible to "
12913 "separate output and input streams from the log I<file>."
12916 #. type: Plain text
12917 #: original/man1/script.1:88 original/man1/scriptlive.1:47
12918 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:49
12919 msgid "B<-I>, B<--log-in> I<file>"
12922 #. type: Plain text
12923 #: original/man1/script.1:90
12925 "Log input to the I<file>. The log output is disabled if only B<--log-in> "
12929 #. type: Plain text
12930 #: original/man1/script.1:92
12932 "Use this logging functionality carefully as it logs all input, including "
12933 "input when terminal has disabled echo flag (for example, password inputs)."
12936 #. type: Plain text
12937 #: original/man1/script.1:95 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:54
12938 msgid "B<-O>, B<--log-out> I<file>"
12941 #. type: Plain text
12942 #: original/man1/script.1:97
12944 "Log output to the I<file>. The default is to log output to the file with "
12945 "name I<typescript> if the option B<--log-out> or B<--log-in> is not "
12946 "given. The log output is disabled if only B<--log-in> specified."
12949 #. type: Plain text
12950 #: original/man1/script.1:100 original/man1/scriptlive.1:62
12951 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:69
12952 msgid "B<-T>, B<--log-timing> I<file>"
12955 #. type: Plain text
12956 #: original/man1/script.1:102
12958 "Log timing information to the I<file>. Two timing file formats are supported "
12959 "now. The classic format is used when only one stream (input or output) "
12960 "logging is enabled. The multi-stream format is used on B<--log-io> or when "
12961 "B<--log-in> and B<--log-out> are used together. See also "
12962 "B<--logging-format>."
12965 #. type: Plain text
12966 #: original/man1/script.1:105
12967 msgid "B<-m>, B<--logging-format> I<format>"
12970 #. type: Plain text
12971 #: original/man1/script.1:107
12973 "Force use of I<advanced> or I<classic> format. The default is the classic "
12974 "format to log only output and the advanced format when input as well as "
12975 "output logging is requested."
12978 #. type: Plain text
12979 #: original/man1/script.1:109
12980 msgid "B<Classic format>"
12983 #. type: Plain text
12984 #: original/man1/script.1:111
12986 "The log contains two fields, separated by a space. The first field indicates "
12987 "how much time elapsed since the previous output. The second field indicates "
12988 "how many characters were output this time."
12991 #. type: Plain text
12992 #: original/man1/script.1:114
12993 msgid "B<Advanced (multi-stream) format>"
12996 #. type: Plain text
12997 #: original/man1/script.1:116
12999 "The first field is an entry type identifier (\\(aqI\\(cqnput, "
13000 "\\(aqO\\(cqutput, \\(aqH\\(cqeader, \\(aqS\\(cqignal). The socond field is "
13001 "how much time elapsed since the previous entry, and the rest of the entry is "
13002 "type-specific data."
13005 #. type: Plain text
13006 #: original/man1/script.1:120
13007 msgid "B<-o>, B<--output-limit> I<size>"
13010 #. type: Plain text
13011 #: original/man1/script.1:122
13013 "Limit the size of the typescript and timing files to I<size> and stop the "
13014 "child process after this size is exceeded. The calculated file size does not "
13015 "include the start and done messages that the B<script> command prepends and "
13016 "appends to the child process output. Due to buffering, the resulting output "
13017 "file might be larger than the specified value."
13020 #. type: Plain text
13021 #: original/man1/script.1:127
13022 msgid "Be quiet (do not write start and done messages to standard output)."
13025 #. type: Plain text
13026 #: original/man1/script.1:130
13027 msgid "B<-t>[I<file>], B<--timing>[=I<file>]"
13030 #. type: Plain text
13031 #: original/man1/script.1:132
13033 "Output timing data to standard error, or to I<file> when given. This option "
13034 "is deprecated in favour of B<--log-timing> where the I<file> argument is not "
13039 #: original/man1/script.1:143 original/man1/su.1:201
13044 #. type: Plain text
13045 #: original/man1/script.1:146
13046 msgid "Upon receiving B<SIGUSR1>, B<script> immediately flushes the output files."
13049 #. type: Plain text
13050 #: original/man1/script.1:149
13051 msgid "The following environment variable is utilized by B<script>:"
13054 #. type: Plain text
13055 #: original/man1/script.1:153
13057 "If the variable B<SHELL> exists, the shell forked by B<script> will be that "
13058 "shell. If B<SHELL> is not set, the Bourne shell is assumed. (Most shells set "
13059 "this variable automatically)."
13062 #. type: Plain text
13063 #: original/man1/script.1:157
13065 "The script ends when the forked shell exits (a I<control-D> for the Bourne "
13066 "shell (B<sh>(1p)), and I<exit>, I<logout> or I<control-d> (if I<ignoreeof> "
13067 "is not set) for the C-shell, B<csh>(1))."
13070 #. type: Plain text
13071 #: original/man1/script.1:159
13073 "Certain interactive commands, such as B<vi>(1), create garbage in the "
13074 "typescript file. B<script> works best with commands that do not manipulate "
13075 "the screen, the results are meant to emulate a hardcopy terminal."
13078 #. type: Plain text
13079 #: original/man1/script.1:161
13081 "It is not recommended to run B<script> in non-interactive shells. The inner "
13082 "shell of B<script> is always interactive, and this could lead to unexpected "
13083 "results. If you use B<script> in the shell initialization file, you have to "
13084 "avoid entering an infinite loop. You can use for example the B<.profile> "
13085 "file, which is read by login shells only:"
13088 #. type: Plain text
13089 #: original/man1/script.1:169
13092 "if test -t 0 ; then\n"
13098 #. type: Plain text
13099 #: original/man1/script.1:174
13101 "You should also avoid use of B<script> in command pipes, as B<script> can "
13102 "read more input than you would expect."
13105 #. type: Plain text
13106 #: original/man1/script.1:177
13107 msgid "The B<script> command appeared in 3.0BSD."
13110 #. type: Plain text
13111 #: original/man1/script.1:180
13113 "B<script> places I<everything> in the log file, including linefeeds and "
13114 "backspaces. This is not what the naive user expects."
13117 #. type: Plain text
13118 #: original/man1/script.1:182
13120 "B<script> is primarily designed for interactive terminal sessions. When "
13121 "stdin is not a terminal (for example: B<echo foo | script>), then the "
13122 "session can hang, because the interactive shell within the script session "
13123 "misses EOF and B<script> has no clue when to close the session. See the "
13124 "B<NOTES> section for more information."
13127 #. type: Plain text
13128 #: original/man1/script.1:187
13130 "B<csh>(1) (for the I<history> mechanism), B<scriptreplay>(1), "
13134 #. type: Plain text
13135 #: original/man1/script.1:194
13137 "The B<script> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
13142 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:10
13147 #. type: Plain text
13148 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:32
13149 msgid "scriptlive - re-run session typescripts, using timing information"
13152 #. type: Plain text
13153 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:35
13154 msgid "B<scriptlive> [options] [B<-t>] I<timingfile> [B<-I>|B<-B>] I<typescript>"
13157 #. type: Plain text
13158 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:38
13160 "This program re-runs a typescript, using stdin typescript and timing "
13161 "information to ensure that input happens in the same rhythm as it originally "
13162 "appeared when the script was recorded."
13165 #. type: Plain text
13166 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:40
13168 "The B<session is executed> in a newly created pseudoterminal with the "
13169 "user\\(cqs $SHELL (or defaults to I</bin/bash>)."
13172 #. type: Plain text
13173 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:42
13175 "B<Be careful!> Do not forget that the typescript may contains arbitrary "
13176 "commands. It is recommended to use B<\"scriptreplay --stream in --log-in "
13177 "typescript\"> (or with B<--log-io> instead of B<--log-in>) to verify the "
13178 "typescript before it is executed by B<scriptlive>."
13181 #. type: Plain text
13182 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:44
13184 "The timing information is what script1 outputs to file specified by "
13185 "B<--log-timing>. The typescript has to contain stdin information and it is "
13186 "what script1 outputs to file specified by B<--log-in> or B<--log-io>."
13189 #. type: Plain text
13190 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:49 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:51
13191 msgid "File containing B<script>\\(aqs terminal input."
13194 #. type: Plain text
13195 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:54 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:61
13196 msgid "File containing B<script>\\(aqs terminal output and input."
13199 #. type: Plain text
13200 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:57 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:64
13201 msgid "B<-t>, B<--timing> I<file>"
13204 #. type: Plain text
13205 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:59 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:66
13207 "File containing B<script>\\(aqs timing output. This option overrides "
13208 "old-style arguments."
13211 #. type: Plain text
13212 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:64
13214 "Aliased to B<-t>, maintained for compatibility with B<script>(1) "
13215 "command-line options."
13218 #. type: Plain text
13219 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:67 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:84
13220 msgid "B<-d>, B<--divisor> I<number>"
13223 #. type: Plain text
13224 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:69 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:86
13226 "Speed up the replay displaying this I<number> of times. The argument is a "
13227 "floating-point number. It\\(cqs called divisor because it divides the "
13228 "timings by this factor. This option overrides old-style arguments."
13231 #. type: Plain text
13232 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:72 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:89
13233 msgid "B<-m>, B<--maxdelay> I<number>"
13236 #. type: Plain text
13237 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:74 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:91
13239 "Set the maximum delay between updates to I<number> of seconds. The argument "
13240 "is a floating-point number. This can be used to avoid long pauses in the "
13241 "typescript replay."
13244 #. type: Plain text
13245 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:97
13248 "% script --log-timing file.tm --log-in script.in\n"
13249 "Script started, file is script.out\n"
13251 "E<lt>etc, etcE<gt>\n"
13253 "Script done, file is script.out\n"
13254 "% scriptlive --log-timing file.tm --log-in script.in\n"
13257 #. type: Plain text
13258 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:106
13259 msgid "Copyright (co 2019 Karel Zak"
13262 #. type: Plain text
13263 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:108 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:142
13265 "This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO "
13266 "warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE."
13269 #. type: Plain text
13270 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:110 original/man1/scriptreplay.1:144
13271 msgid "Released under the GNU General Public License version 2 or later."
13274 #. type: Plain text
13275 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:114
13276 msgid "B<script>(1), B<scriptreplay>(1)"
13279 #. type: Plain text
13280 #: original/man1/scriptlive.1:121
13282 "The B<scriptlive> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
13287 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:10
13289 msgid "SCRIPTREPLAY"
13292 #. type: Plain text
13293 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:32
13294 msgid "scriptreplay - play back typescripts, using timing information"
13297 #. type: Plain text
13298 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:35
13299 msgid "B<scriptreplay> [options] [B<-t>] I<timingfile> [I<typescript> [I<divisor>]]"
13302 #. type: Plain text
13303 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:38
13305 "This program replays a typescript, using timing information to ensure that "
13306 "output happens in the same rhythm as it originally appeared when the script "
13310 #. type: Plain text
13311 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:40
13313 "The replay simply displays the information again; the programs that were run "
13314 "when the typescript was being recorded are B<not run again>. Since the same "
13315 "information is simply being displayed, B<scriptreplay> is only guaranteed to "
13316 "work properly if run on the same type of terminal the typescript was "
13317 "recorded on. Otherwise, any escape characters in the typescript may be "
13318 "interpreted differently by the terminal to which B<scriptreplay> is sending "
13322 #. type: Plain text
13323 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:42
13325 "The timing information is what B<script>(1) outputs to file specified by "
13329 #. type: Plain text
13330 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:44
13332 "By default, the typescript to display is assumed to be named I<typescript>, "
13333 "but other filenames may be specified, as the second parameter or with option "
13337 #. type: Plain text
13338 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:46
13340 "If the third parameter or B<--divisor> is specified, it is used as a "
13341 "speed-up multiplier. For example, a speed-up of 2 makes B<scriptreplay> go "
13342 "twice as fast, and a speed-up of 0.1 makes it go ten times slower than the "
13343 "original session."
13346 #. type: Plain text
13347 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:56
13348 msgid "File containing B<script>\\(aqs terminal output."
13351 #. type: Plain text
13352 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:71
13354 "This is an alias for B<-t>, maintained for compatibility with B<script>(1) "
13355 "command-line options."
13358 #. type: Plain text
13359 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:74
13360 msgid "B<-s>, B<--typescript> I<file>"
13363 #. type: Plain text
13364 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:76
13366 "File containing B<script>\\(aqs terminal output. Deprecated alias to "
13367 "B<--log-out>. This option overrides old-style arguments."
13370 #. type: Plain text
13371 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:79
13372 msgid "B<-c>, B<--cr-mode> I<mode>"
13375 #. type: Plain text
13376 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:81
13378 "Specifies how to use the CR (0x0D, carriage return) character from log "
13379 "files. The default mode is I<auto>, in this case CR is replaced with line "
13380 "break for stdin log, because otherwise B<scriptreplay> would overwrite the "
13381 "same line. The other modes are I<never> and I<always>."
13384 #. type: Plain text
13385 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:94
13386 msgid "B<--summary>"
13389 #. type: Plain text
13390 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:96
13392 "Display details about the session recorded in the specified timing file and "
13393 "exit. The session has to be recorded using I<advanced> format (see "
13394 "B<script>(1)) option B<--logging-format> for more details)."
13397 #. type: Plain text
13398 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:99
13399 msgid "B<-x>, B<--stream> I<type>"
13402 #. type: Plain text
13403 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:101
13405 "Forces B<scriptreplay> to print only the specified stream. The supported "
13406 "stream types are I<in>, I<out>, I<signal>, or I<info>. This option is "
13407 "recommended for multi-stream logs (e.g., B<--log-io>) in order to print only "
13411 #. type: Plain text
13412 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:124
13415 "% script --log-timing file.tm --log-out script.out\n"
13416 "Script started, file is script.out\n"
13418 "E<lt>etc, etcE<gt>\n"
13420 "Script done, file is script.out\n"
13421 "% scriptreplay --log-timing file.tm --log-out script.out\n"
13424 #. type: Plain text
13425 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:130
13426 msgid "The original B<scriptreplay> program was written by"
13429 #. type: Plain text
13430 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:132
13431 msgid "The program was re-written in C by"
13434 #. type: Plain text
13435 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:138
13436 msgid "Copyright (co 2008 James Youngman"
13439 #. type: Plain text
13440 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:140
13441 msgid "Copyright (co 2008-2019 Karel Zak"
13444 #. type: Plain text
13445 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:148
13446 msgid "B<script>(1), B<scriptlive>(1)"
13449 #. type: Plain text
13450 #: original/man1/scriptreplay.1:155
13452 "The B<scriptreplay> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
13457 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:10
13462 #. type: Plain text
13463 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:32
13464 msgid "setpriv - run a program with different Linux privilege settings"
13467 #. type: Plain text
13468 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:35
13469 msgid "B<setpriv> [options] I<program> [I<arguments>]"
13472 #. type: Plain text
13473 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:38
13475 "Sets or queries various Linux privilege settings that are inherited across "
13479 #. type: Plain text
13480 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:40
13482 "In comparison to B<su>(1) and B<runuser>(1), B<setpriv> neither uses PAM, "
13483 "nor does it prompt for a password. It is a simple, non-set-user-ID wrapper "
13484 "around B<execve>(2), and can be used to drop privileges in the same way as "
13485 "B<setuidgid>(8) from B<daemontools>, B<chpst>(8) from B<runit>, or similar "
13486 "tools shipped by other service managers."
13489 #. type: Plain text
13490 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:43
13491 msgid "B<--clear-groups>"
13494 #. type: Plain text
13495 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:45
13496 msgid "Clear supplementary groups."
13499 #. type: Plain text
13500 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:48
13501 msgid "B<-d>, B<--dump>"
13504 #. type: Plain text
13505 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:50
13507 "Dump the current privilege state. This option can be specified more than "
13508 "once to show extra, mostly useless, information. Incompatible with all other "
13512 #. type: Plain text
13513 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:53
13514 msgid "B<--groups> I<group>..."
13517 #. type: Plain text
13518 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:55
13520 "Set supplementary groups. The argument is a comma-separated list of GIDs or "
13524 #. type: Plain text
13525 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:58
13527 "B<--inh-caps> (B<+>|B<->)I<cap>..., B<--ambient-caps> (B<+>|B<->)I<cap>..., "
13528 "B<--bounding-set> (B<+>|B<->)I<cap>..."
13531 #. type: Plain text
13532 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:60
13534 "Set the inheritable capabilities, ambient capabilities or the capability "
13535 "bounding set. See B<capabilities>(7). The argument is a comma-separated list "
13536 "of B<+>I<cap> and B<->I<cap> entries, which add or remove an entry "
13537 "respectively. I<cap> can either be a human-readable name as seen in "
13538 "B<capabilities>(7) without the I<cap_> prefix or of the format B<cap_N>, "
13539 "where I<N> is the internal capability index used by Linux. B<+all> and "
13540 "B<-all> can be used to add or remove all caps."
13543 #. type: Plain text
13544 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:62
13546 "The set of capabilities starts out as the current inheritable set for "
13547 "B<--inh-caps>, the current ambient set for B<--ambient-caps> and the current "
13548 "bounding set for B<--bounding-set>."
13551 #. type: Plain text
13552 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:64
13554 "Note the following restrictions (detailed in B<capabilities>(7)) regarding "
13555 "modifications to these capability sets:"
13558 #. type: Plain text
13559 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:74
13561 "A capability can be added to the inheritable set only if it is currently "
13562 "present in the bounding set."
13565 #. type: Plain text
13566 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:85
13568 "A capability can be added to the ambient set only if it is currently present "
13569 "in both the permitted and inheritable sets."
13572 #. type: Plain text
13573 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:96
13575 "Notwithstanding the syntax offered by B<setpriv>, the kernel does not permit "
13576 "capabilities to be added to the bounding set."
13579 #. type: Plain text
13580 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:100
13582 "If you drop a capability from the bounding set without also dropping it from "
13583 "the inheritable set, you are likely to become confused. Do not do that."
13586 #. type: Plain text
13587 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:102
13588 msgid "B<--keep-groups>"
13591 #. type: Plain text
13592 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:104
13594 "Preserve supplementary groups. Only useful in conjunction with B<--rgid>, "
13595 "B<--egid>, or B<--regid>."
13598 #. type: Plain text
13599 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:107
13600 msgid "B<--init-groups>"
13603 #. type: Plain text
13604 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:109
13606 "Initialize supplementary groups using initgroups3. Only useful in "
13607 "conjunction with B<--ruid> or B<--reuid>."
13610 #. type: Plain text
13611 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:112
13612 msgid "B<--list-caps>"
13615 #. type: Plain text
13616 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:114
13617 msgid "List all known capabilities. This option must be specified alone."
13620 #. type: Plain text
13621 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:117
13622 msgid "B<--no-new-privs>"
13625 #. type: Plain text
13626 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:119
13628 "Set the I<no_new_privs> bit. With this bit set, B<execve>(2) will not grant "
13629 "new privileges. For example, the set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits as well "
13630 "as file capabilities will be disabled. (Executing binaries with these bits "
13631 "set will still work, but they will not gain privileges. Certain LSMs, "
13632 "especially AppArmor, may result in failures to execute certain programs.) "
13633 "This bit is inherited by child processes and cannot be unset. See "
13634 "B<prctl>(2) and I<Documentation/prctl/no_new_privs.txt> in the Linux kernel "
13638 #. type: Plain text
13639 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:121
13640 msgid "The I<no_new_privs> bit is supported since Linux 3.5."
13643 #. type: Plain text
13644 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:124
13645 msgid "B<--rgid> I<gid>, B<--egid> I<gid>, B<--regid> I<gid>"
13648 #. type: Plain text
13649 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:126
13651 "Set the real, effective, or both GIDs. The I<gid> argument can be given as a "
13652 "textual group name."
13655 #. type: Plain text
13656 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:128
13658 "For safety, you must specify one of B<--clear-groups>, B<--groups>, "
13659 "B<--keep-groups>, or B<--init-groups> if you set any primary I<gid>."
13662 #. type: Plain text
13663 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:131
13664 msgid "B<--ruid> I<uid>, B<--euid> I<uid>, B<--reuid> I<uid>"
13667 #. type: Plain text
13668 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:133
13670 "Set the real, effective, or both UIDs. The I<uid> argument can be given as a "
13671 "textual login name."
13674 #. type: Plain text
13675 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:135
13677 "Setting a I<uid> or I<gid> does not change capabilities, although the exec "
13678 "call at the end might change capabilities. This means that, if you are root, "
13679 "you probably want to do something like:"
13682 #. type: Plain text
13683 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:137
13684 msgid "B<setpriv --reuid=1000 --regid=1000 --inh-caps=-all>"
13687 #. type: Plain text
13688 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:140
13689 msgid "B<--securebits> (B<+>|B<->)I<securebit>..."
13692 #. type: Plain text
13693 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:142
13695 "Set or clear securebits. The argument is a comma-separated list. The valid "
13696 "securebits are I<noroot>, I<noroot_locked>, I<no_setuid_fixup>, "
13697 "I<no_setuid_fixup_locked>, and I<keep_caps_locked>. I<keep_caps> is cleared "
13698 "by B<execve>(2) and is therefore not allowed."
13701 #. type: Plain text
13702 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:145
13703 msgid "B<--pdeathsig keep>|B<clear>|B<E<lt>signalE<gt>>"
13706 #. type: Plain text
13707 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:147
13709 "Keep, clear or set the parent death signal. Some LSMs, most notably SELinux "
13710 "and AppArmor, clear the signal when the process\\(aq credentials "
13711 "change. Using B<--pdeathsig keep> will restore the parent death signal after "
13712 "changing credentials to remedy that situation."
13715 #. type: Plain text
13716 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:150
13717 msgid "B<--selinux-label> I<label>"
13720 #. type: Plain text
13721 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:152
13723 "Request a particular SELinux transition (using a transition on exec, not "
13724 "dyntrans). This will fail and cause B<setpriv> to abort if SELinux is not in "
13725 "use, and the transition may be ignored or cause B<execve>(2) to fail at "
13726 "SELinux\\(cqs whim. (In particular, this is unlikely to work in conjunction "
13727 "with I<no_new_privs>.) This is similar to B<runcon>(1)."
13730 #. type: Plain text
13731 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:155
13732 msgid "B<--apparmor-profile> I<profile>"
13735 #. type: Plain text
13736 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:157
13738 "Request a particular AppArmor profile (using a transition on exec). This "
13739 "will fail and cause B<setpriv> to abort if AppArmor is not in use, and the "
13740 "transition may be ignored or cause B<execve>(2) to fail at AppArmor\\(cqs "
13744 #. type: Plain text
13745 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:160
13746 msgid "B<--reset-env>"
13749 #. type: Plain text
13750 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:162
13752 "Clears all the environment variables except B<TERM>; initializes the "
13753 "environment variables B<HOME>, B<SHELL>, B<USER>, B<LOGNAME> according to "
13754 "the user\\(cqs passwd entry; sets B<PATH> to I</usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin> "
13755 "for a regular user and to "
13756 "I</usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin> for root."
13759 #. type: Plain text
13760 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:164
13762 "The environment variable B<PATH> may be different on systems where I</bin> "
13763 "and I</sbin> are merged into I</usr>. The environment variable B<SHELL> "
13764 "defaults to B</bin/sh> if none is given in the user\\(cqs passwd entry."
13767 #. type: Plain text
13768 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:178
13770 "If applying any specified option fails, I<program> will not be run and "
13771 "B<setpriv> will return with exit status 127."
13774 #. type: Plain text
13775 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:180
13777 "Be careful with this tool \\(em it may have unexpected security "
13778 "consequences. For example, setting I<no_new_privs> and then execing a "
13779 "program that is SELinux-confined (as this tool would do) may prevent the "
13780 "SELinux restrictions from taking effect."
13783 #. type: Plain text
13784 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:183
13786 "If you\\(cqre looking for behavior similar to B<su>(1)/B<runuser>(1), or "
13787 "B<sudo>(8) (without the B<-g> option), try something like:"
13790 #. type: Plain text
13791 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:185
13792 msgid "B<setpriv --reuid=1000 --regid=1000 --init-groups>"
13795 #. type: Plain text
13796 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:187
13797 msgid "If you want to mimic daemontools\\(aq B<setuid>(8), try:"
13800 #. type: Plain text
13801 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:189
13802 msgid "B<setpriv --reuid=1000 --regid=1000 --clear-groups>"
13805 #. type: Plain text
13806 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:198
13807 msgid "B<runuser>(1), B<su>(1), B<prctl>(2), B<capabilities>(7)"
13810 #. type: Plain text
13811 #: original/man1/setpriv.1:205
13813 "The B<setpriv> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
13818 #: original/man1/setsid.1:10
13823 #. type: Plain text
13824 #: original/man1/setsid.1:32
13825 msgid "setsid - run a program in a new session"
13828 #. type: Plain text
13829 #: original/man1/setsid.1:35
13830 msgid "B<setsid> [options] I<program> [I<arguments>]"
13833 #. type: Plain text
13834 #: original/man1/setsid.1:38
13836 "B<setsid> runs a program in a new session. The command calls B<fork>(2) if "
13837 "already a process group leader. Otherwise, it executes a program in the "
13838 "current process. This default behavior is possible to override by the "
13839 "B<--fork> option."
13842 #. type: Plain text
13843 #: original/man1/setsid.1:41
13844 msgid "B<-c>, B<--ctty>"
13847 #. type: Plain text
13848 #: original/man1/setsid.1:43
13849 msgid "Set the controlling terminal to the current one."
13852 #. type: Plain text
13853 #: original/man1/setsid.1:46 original/man1/unshare.1:131
13854 msgid "B<-f>, B<--fork>"
13857 #. type: Plain text
13858 #: original/man1/setsid.1:48
13859 msgid "Always create a new process."
13862 #. type: Plain text
13863 #: original/man1/setsid.1:51
13864 msgid "B<-w>, B<--wait>"
13867 #. type: Plain text
13868 #: original/man1/setsid.1:53
13870 "Wait for the execution of the program to end, and return the exit status of "
13871 "this program as the exit status of B<setsid>."
13874 #. type: Plain text
13875 #: original/man1/setsid.1:70
13876 msgid "B<setsid>(2)"
13879 #. type: Plain text
13880 #: original/man1/setsid.1:77
13882 "The B<setsid> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
13887 #: original/man1/setterm.1:10
13892 #. type: Plain text
13893 #: original/man1/setterm.1:32
13894 msgid "setterm - set terminal attributes"
13897 #. type: Plain text
13898 #: original/man1/setterm.1:35
13899 msgid "B<setterm> [options]"
13902 #. type: Plain text
13903 #: original/man1/setterm.1:38
13905 "B<setterm> writes to standard output a character string that will invoke the "
13906 "specified terminal capabilities. Where possible I<terminfo> is consulted to "
13907 "find the string to use. Some options however (marked \"virtual consoles "
13908 "only\" below) do not correspond to a B<terminfo>(5) capability. In this "
13909 "case, if the terminal type is \"con\" or \"linux\" the string that invokes "
13910 "the specified capabilities on the PC Minix virtual console driver is "
13911 "output. Options that are not implemented by the terminal are ignored."
13914 #. type: Plain text
13915 #: original/man1/setterm.1:41
13916 msgid "For boolean options (B<on> or B<off>), the default is B<on>."
13919 #. type: Plain text
13920 #: original/man1/setterm.1:43
13922 "Below, an I<8-color> can be B<black>, B<red>, B<green>, B<yellow>, B<blue>, "
13923 "B<magenta>, B<cyan>, or B<white>."
13926 #. type: Plain text
13927 #: original/man1/setterm.1:45
13929 "A I<16-color> can be an I<8-color>, or B<grey>, or B<bright> followed by "
13930 "B<red>, B<green>, B<yellow>, B<blue>, B<magenta>, B<cyan>, or B<white>."
13933 #. type: Plain text
13934 #: original/man1/setterm.1:47
13936 "The various color options may be set independently, at least on virtual "
13937 "consoles, though the results of setting multiple modes (for example, "
13938 "B<--underline> and B<--half-bright>) are hardware-dependent."
13941 #. type: Plain text
13942 #: original/man1/setterm.1:49
13944 "The optional arguments require \\(aq=\\(aq (equals sign) and not space "
13945 "between the option and the argument. For example --option=argument."
13948 #. type: Plain text
13949 #: original/man1/setterm.1:51
13950 msgid "B<--appcursorkeys> on|off"
13953 #. type: Plain text
13954 #: original/man1/setterm.1:53
13956 "Sets Cursor Key Application Mode on or off. When on, ESC O A, ESC O B, "
13957 "etc. will be sent for the cursor keys instead of ESC [ A, ESC [ B, etc. See "
13958 "the I<vi and Cursor-Keys> section of the I<Text-Terminal-HOWTO> for how this "
13959 "can cause problems for B<vi> users. Virtual consoles only."
13962 #. type: Plain text
13963 #: original/man1/setterm.1:56
13964 msgid "B<--append> I<console_number>"
13967 #. type: Plain text
13968 #: original/man1/setterm.1:58
13970 "Like B<--dump>, but appends to the snapshot file instead of overwriting "
13971 "it. Only works if no B<--dump> options are given."
13974 #. type: Plain text
13975 #: original/man1/setterm.1:61
13976 msgid "B<--background> I<8-color>|default"
13979 #. type: Plain text
13980 #: original/man1/setterm.1:63
13981 msgid "Sets the background text color."
13984 #. type: Plain text
13985 #: original/man1/setterm.1:66
13986 msgid "B<--blank>[=0-60|force|poke]"
13989 #. type: Plain text
13990 #: original/man1/setterm.1:68
13992 "Sets the interval of inactivity, in minutes, after which the screen will be "
13993 "automatically blanked (using APM if available). Without an argument, it gets "
13994 "the blank status (returns which vt was blanked, or zero for an unblanked "
13995 "vt). Virtual consoles only."
13998 #. type: Plain text
13999 #: original/man1/setterm.1:70
14000 msgid "The B<force> argument keeps the screen blank even if a key is pressed."
14003 #. type: Plain text
14004 #: original/man1/setterm.1:72
14005 msgid "The B<poke> argument unblanks the screen."
14008 #. type: Plain text
14009 #: original/man1/setterm.1:75
14010 msgid "B<--bfreq>[=I<number>]"
14013 #. type: Plain text
14014 #: original/man1/setterm.1:77
14016 "Sets the bell frequency in Hertz. Without an argument, it defaults to "
14017 "B<0>. Virtual consoles only."
14020 #. type: Plain text
14021 #: original/man1/setterm.1:80
14022 msgid "B<--blength>[=0-2000]"
14025 #. type: Plain text
14026 #: original/man1/setterm.1:82
14028 "Sets the bell duration in milliseconds. Without an argument, it defaults to "
14029 "B<0>. Virtual consoles only."
14032 #. type: Plain text
14033 #: original/man1/setterm.1:85
14034 msgid "B<--blink> on|off"
14037 #. type: Plain text
14038 #: original/man1/setterm.1:87
14040 "Turns blink mode on or off. Except on a virtual console, B<--blink off> "
14041 "turns off all attributes (bold, half-brightness, blink, reverse)."
14044 #. type: Plain text
14045 #: original/man1/setterm.1:90
14046 msgid "B<--bold> on|off"
14049 #. type: Plain text
14050 #: original/man1/setterm.1:92
14052 "urns bold (extra bright) mode on or off. Except on a virtual console, "
14053 "B<--bold off> turns off all attributes (bold, half-brightness, blink, "
14057 #. type: Plain text
14058 #: original/man1/setterm.1:95
14059 msgid "B<--clear>[=all|rest]"
14062 #. type: Plain text
14063 #: original/man1/setterm.1:97
14065 "Without an argument or with the argument B<all>, the entire screen is "
14066 "cleared and the cursor is set to the home position, just like B<clear>(1) "
14067 "does. With the argument B<rest>, the screen is cleared from the current "
14068 "cursor position to the end."
14071 #. type: Plain text
14072 #: original/man1/setterm.1:100
14073 msgid "B<--clrtabs>[=I<tab1 tab2 tab3> ...]"
14076 #. type: Plain text
14077 #: original/man1/setterm.1:102
14079 "Clears tab stops from the given horizontal cursor positions, in the range "
14080 "B<1-160>. Without arguments, it clears all tab stops. Virtual consoles only."
14083 #. type: Plain text
14084 #: original/man1/setterm.1:105
14085 msgid "B<--cursor> on|off"
14088 #. type: Plain text
14089 #: original/man1/setterm.1:107
14090 msgid "Turns the terminal\\(cqs cursor on or off."
14093 #. type: Plain text
14094 #: original/man1/setterm.1:110
14095 msgid "B<--default>"
14098 #. type: Plain text
14099 #: original/man1/setterm.1:112
14100 msgid "Sets the terminal\\(cqs rendering options to the default values."
14103 #. type: Plain text
14104 #: original/man1/setterm.1:115
14105 msgid "B<--dump>[=I<console_number>]"
14108 #. type: Plain text
14109 #: original/man1/setterm.1:117
14111 "Writes a snapshot of the virtual console with the given number to the file "
14112 "specified with the B<--file> option, overwriting its contents; the default "
14113 "is I<screen.dump>. Without an argument, it dumps the current virtual "
14114 "console. This overrides B<--append>."
14117 #. type: Plain text
14118 #: original/man1/setterm.1:120
14119 msgid "B<--file> I<filename>"
14122 #. type: Plain text
14123 #: original/man1/setterm.1:122
14125 "Sets the snapshot file name for any B<--dump> or B<--append> options on the "
14126 "same command line. If this option is not present, the default is "
14127 "I<screen.dump> in the current directory. A path name that exceeds the system "
14128 "maximum will be truncated, see B<PATH_MAX> from I<linux/limits.h> for the "
14132 #. type: Plain text
14133 #: original/man1/setterm.1:125
14134 msgid "B<--foreground> I<8-color>|default"
14137 #. type: Plain text
14138 #: original/man1/setterm.1:127
14139 msgid "Sets the foreground text color."
14142 #. type: Plain text
14143 #: original/man1/setterm.1:130
14144 msgid "B<--half-bright> on|off"
14147 #. type: Plain text
14148 #: original/man1/setterm.1:132
14150 "Turns dim (half-brightness) mode on or off. Except on a virtual console, "
14151 "B<--half-bright off> turns off all attributes (bold, half-brightness, blink, "
14155 #. type: Plain text
14156 #: original/man1/setterm.1:135
14157 msgid "B<--hbcolor> [bright] I<16-color>"
14160 #. type: Plain text
14161 #: original/man1/setterm.1:137
14162 msgid "Sets the color for half-bright characters."
14165 #. type: Plain text
14166 #: original/man1/setterm.1:140
14167 msgid "B<--initialize>"
14170 #. type: Plain text
14171 #: original/man1/setterm.1:142
14173 "Displays the terminal initialization string, which typically sets the "
14174 "terminal\\(cqs rendering options, and other attributes to the default "
14178 #. type: Plain text
14179 #: original/man1/setterm.1:145
14180 msgid "B<--inversescreen> on|off"
14183 #. type: Plain text
14184 #: original/man1/setterm.1:147
14185 msgid "Swaps foreground and background colors for the whole screen."
14188 #. type: Plain text
14189 #: original/man1/setterm.1:150
14190 msgid "B<--linewrap> on|off"
14193 #. type: Plain text
14194 #: original/man1/setterm.1:152
14195 msgid "Makes the terminal continue on a new line when a line is full."
14198 #. type: Plain text
14199 #: original/man1/setterm.1:155
14200 msgid "B<--msg> on|off"
14203 #. type: Plain text
14204 #: original/man1/setterm.1:157
14206 "Enables or disables the sending of kernel B<printk>() messages to the "
14207 "console. Virtual consoles only."
14210 #. type: Plain text
14211 #: original/man1/setterm.1:160
14212 msgid "B<--msglevel> 0-8"
14215 #. type: Plain text
14216 #: original/man1/setterm.1:162
14218 "Sets the console logging level for kernel B<printk()> messages. All messages "
14219 "strictly more important than this will be printed, so a logging level of "
14220 "B<0> has the same effect as B<--msg on> and a logging level of B<8> will "
14221 "print all kernel messages. B<klogd>(8) may be a more convenient interface to "
14222 "the logging of kernel messages."
14225 #. type: Plain text
14226 #: original/man1/setterm.1:164
14227 msgid "Virtual consoles only."
14230 #. type: Plain text
14231 #: original/man1/setterm.1:167
14232 msgid "B<--powerdown>[=0-60]"
14235 #. type: Plain text
14236 #: original/man1/setterm.1:169
14238 "Sets the VESA powerdown interval in minutes. Without an argument, it "
14239 "defaults to B<0> (disable powerdown). If the console is blanked or the "
14240 "monitor is in suspend mode, then the monitor will go into vsync suspend mode "
14241 "or powerdown mode respectively after this period of time has elapsed."
14244 #. type: Plain text
14245 #: original/man1/setterm.1:172
14246 msgid "B<--powersave> I<mode>"
14249 #. type: Plain text
14250 #: original/man1/setterm.1:174
14251 msgid "Valid values for I<mode> are:"
14254 #. type: Plain text
14255 #: original/man1/setterm.1:176
14256 msgid "B<vsync|on>"
14259 #. type: Plain text
14260 #: original/man1/setterm.1:178
14261 msgid "Puts the monitor into VESA vsync suspend mode."
14264 #. type: Plain text
14265 #: original/man1/setterm.1:181
14269 #. type: Plain text
14270 #: original/man1/setterm.1:183
14271 msgid "Puts the monitor into VESA hsync suspend mode."
14274 #. type: Plain text
14275 #: original/man1/setterm.1:186
14276 msgid "B<powerdown>"
14279 #. type: Plain text
14280 #: original/man1/setterm.1:188
14281 msgid "Puts the monitor into VESA powerdown mode."
14284 #. type: Plain text
14285 #: original/man1/setterm.1:191
14289 #. type: Plain text
14290 #: original/man1/setterm.1:193
14291 msgid "Turns monitor VESA powersaving features."
14294 #. type: Plain text
14295 #: original/man1/setterm.1:197
14296 msgid "B<--regtabs>[=1-160]"
14299 #. type: Plain text
14300 #: original/man1/setterm.1:199
14302 "Clears all tab stops, then sets a regular tab stop pattern, with one tab "
14303 "every specified number of positions. Without an argument, it defaults to "
14304 "B<8>. Virtual consoles only."
14307 #. type: Plain text
14308 #: original/man1/setterm.1:202
14309 msgid "B<--repeat> on|off"
14312 #. type: Plain text
14313 #: original/man1/setterm.1:204
14314 msgid "Turns keyboard repeat on or off. Virtual consoles only."
14317 #. type: Plain text
14318 #: original/man1/setterm.1:207
14322 #. type: Plain text
14323 #: original/man1/setterm.1:209
14325 "Displays the terminal reset string, which typically resets the terminal to "
14326 "its power-on state."
14329 #. type: Plain text
14330 #: original/man1/setterm.1:212
14331 msgid "B<--resize>"
14334 #. type: Plain text
14335 #: original/man1/setterm.1:214
14337 "Reset terminal size by assessing maximum row and column. This is useful when "
14338 "actual geometry and kernel terminal driver are not in sync. Most notable use "
14339 "case is with serial consoles, that do not use B<ioctl>(3p) but just byte "
14340 "streams and breaks."
14343 #. type: Plain text
14344 #: original/man1/setterm.1:217
14345 msgid "B<--reverse> on|off"
14348 #. type: Plain text
14349 #: original/man1/setterm.1:219
14351 "Turns reverse video mode on or off. Except on a virtual console, B<--reverse "
14352 "off> turns off all attributes (bold, half-brightness, blink, reverse)."
14355 #. type: Plain text
14356 #: original/man1/setterm.1:222
14360 #. type: Plain text
14361 #: original/man1/setterm.1:224
14363 "Stores the terminal\\(cqs current rendering options (foreground and "
14364 "background colors) as the values to be used at reset-to-default. Virtual "
14368 #. type: Plain text
14369 #: original/man1/setterm.1:227
14370 msgid "B<--tabs>[=I<tab1 tab2 tab3> ...]"
14373 #. type: Plain text
14374 #: original/man1/setterm.1:229
14376 "Sets tab stops at the given horizontal cursor positions, in the range "
14377 "B<1-160>. Without arguments, it shows the current tab stop settings."
14380 #. type: Plain text
14381 #: original/man1/setterm.1:232
14382 msgid "B<--term> I<terminal_name>"
14385 #. type: Plain text
14386 #: original/man1/setterm.1:234
14387 msgid "Overrides the B<TERM> environment variable."
14390 #. type: Plain text
14391 #: original/man1/setterm.1:237
14392 msgid "B<--ulcolor> [bright] I<16-color>"
14395 #. type: Plain text
14396 #: original/man1/setterm.1:239
14397 msgid "Sets the color for underlined characters. Virtual consoles only."
14400 #. type: Plain text
14401 #: original/man1/setterm.1:242
14402 msgid "B<--underline> on|off"
14405 #. type: Plain text
14406 #: original/man1/setterm.1:244
14407 msgid "Turns underline mode on or off."
14410 #. type: Plain text
14411 #: original/man1/setterm.1:247
14412 msgid "B<--version>"
14415 #. type: Plain text
14416 #: original/man1/setterm.1:249
14417 msgid "Displays version information and exits."
14420 #. type: Plain text
14421 #: original/man1/setterm.1:254
14422 msgid "Displays a help text and exits."
14425 #. type: Plain text
14426 #: original/man1/setterm.1:258
14428 "Since version 2.25 B<setterm> has support for long options with two hyphens, "
14429 "for example B<--help>, beside the historical long options with a single "
14430 "hyphen, for example B<-help>. In scripts it is better to use the "
14431 "backward-compatible single hyphen rather than the double hyphen. Currently "
14432 "there are no plans nor good reasons to discontinue single-hyphen "
14436 #. type: Plain text
14437 #: original/man1/setterm.1:261
14438 msgid "Differences between the Minix and Linux versions are not documented."
14441 #. type: Plain text
14442 #: original/man1/setterm.1:267
14443 msgid "B<stty>(1), B<tput>(1), B<tty>(4), B<terminfo>(5)"
14446 #. type: Plain text
14447 #: original/man1/setterm.1:274
14449 "The B<setterm> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
14454 #: original/man1/su.1:10
14459 #. type: Plain text
14460 #: original/man1/su.1:32
14461 msgid "su - run a command with substitute user and group ID"
14464 #. type: Plain text
14465 #: original/man1/su.1:35
14466 msgid "B<su> [options] [B<->] [I<user> [I<argument>...]]"
14469 #. type: Plain text
14470 #: original/man1/su.1:38
14471 msgid "B<su> allows commands to be run with a substitute user and group ID."
14474 #. type: Plain text
14475 #: original/man1/su.1:40
14477 "When called with no I<user> specified, B<su> defaults to running an "
14478 "interactive shell as I<root>. When I<user> is specified, additional "
14479 "I<argument>s can be supplied, in which case they are passed to the shell."
14482 #. type: Plain text
14483 #: original/man1/su.1:42
14485 "For backward compatibility, B<su> defaults to not change the current "
14486 "directory and to only set the environment variables B<HOME> and B<SHELL> "
14487 "(plus B<USER> and B<LOGNAME> if the target I<user> is not root). It is "
14488 "recommended to always use the B<--login> option (instead of its shortcut "
14489 "B<->) to avoid side effects caused by mixing environments."
14492 #. type: Plain text
14493 #: original/man1/su.1:44
14495 "This version of B<su> uses PAM for authentication, account and session "
14496 "management. Some configuration options found in other B<su> implementations, "
14497 "such as support for a wheel group, have to be configured via PAM."
14500 #. type: Plain text
14501 #: original/man1/su.1:46
14503 "B<su> is mostly designed for unprivileged users, the recommended solution "
14504 "for privileged users (e.g., scripts executed by root) is to use "
14505 "non-set-user-ID command B<runuser>(1) that does not require authentication "
14506 "and provides separate PAM configuration. If the PAM session is not required "
14507 "at all then the recommended solution is to use command B<setpriv>(1)."
14510 #. type: Plain text
14511 #: original/man1/su.1:48
14513 "Note that B<su> in all cases uses PAM (B<pam_getenvlist>(3)) to do the final "
14514 "environment modification. Command-line options such as B<--login> and "
14515 "B<--preserve-environment> affect the environment before it is modified by "
14519 #. type: Plain text
14520 #: original/man1/su.1:63
14521 msgid "Specify the primary group. This option is available to the root user only."
14524 #. type: Plain text
14525 #: original/man1/su.1:83
14527 "clears all the environment variables except B<TERM> and variables specified "
14528 "by B<--whitelist-environment>"
14531 #. type: Plain text
14532 #: original/man1/su.1:122
14534 "Preserve the entire environment, i.e., do not set B<HOME>, B<SHELL>, B<USER> "
14535 "or B<LOGNAME>. This option is ignored if the option B<--login> is specified."
14538 #. type: Plain text
14539 #: original/man1/su.1:127
14541 "Create a pseudo-terminal for the session. The independent terminal provides "
14542 "better security as the user does not share a terminal with the original "
14543 "session. This can be used to avoid TIOCSTI ioctl terminal injection and "
14544 "other security attacks against terminal file descriptors. The entire session "
14545 "can also be moved to the background (e.g., \"su --pty - username -c "
14546 "application &\"). If the pseudo-terminal is enabled, then B<su> works as a "
14547 "proxy between the sessions (copy stdin and stdout)."
14550 #. type: Plain text
14551 #: original/man1/su.1:129
14553 "This feature is mostly designed for interactive sessions. If the standard "
14554 "input is not a terminal, but for example a pipe (e.g., echo \"date\" | su "
14555 "--pty), then the ECHO flag for the pseudo-terminal is disabled to avoid "
14559 #. type: Plain text
14560 #: original/man1/su.1:155
14562 "the shell specified in the environment variable B<SHELL>, if the "
14563 "B<--preserve-environment> option is used"
14566 #. type: Plain text
14567 #: original/man1/su.1:181
14569 "If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e., not listed in /etc/shells), "
14570 "the B<--shell> option and the B<SHELL> environment variables are ignored "
14571 "unless the calling user is root."
14574 #. type: Plain text
14575 #: original/man1/su.1:204
14577 "Upon receiving either B<SIGINT>, B<SIGQUIT> or B<SIGTERM>, B<su> terminates "
14578 "its child and afterwards terminates itself with the received signal. The "
14579 "child is terminated by B<SIGTERM>, after unsuccessful attempt and 2 seconds "
14580 "of delay the child is killed by B<SIGKILL>."
14583 #. type: Plain text
14584 #: original/man1/su.1:207
14586 "B<su> reads the I</etc/default/su> and I</etc/login.defs> configuration "
14587 "files. The following configuration items are relevant for B<su:>"
14590 #. type: Plain text
14591 #: original/man1/su.1:211
14593 "Delay in seconds in case of an authentication failure. The number must be a "
14594 "non-negative integer."
14597 #. type: Plain text
14598 #: original/man1/su.1:216
14600 "Defines the B<PATH> environment variable for a regular user. The default "
14601 "value is I</usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin>."
14604 #. type: Plain text
14605 #: original/man1/su.1:226
14607 "If set to I<yes> and B<--login> and B<--preserve-environment> were not "
14608 "specified B<su> initializes B<PATH>."
14611 #. type: Plain text
14612 #: original/man1/su.1:232
14614 "B<su> normally returns the exit status of the command it executed. If the "
14615 "command was killed by a signal, B<su> returns the number of the signal plus "
14619 #. type: Plain text
14620 #: original/man1/su.1:234
14621 msgid "Exit status generated by B<su> itself:"
14624 #. type: Plain text
14625 #: original/man1/su.1:252
14626 msgid "I</etc/pam.d/su>"
14629 #. type: Plain text
14630 #: original/man1/su.1:257
14631 msgid "I</etc/pam.d/su-l>"
14634 #. type: Plain text
14635 #: original/man1/su.1:262
14636 msgid "I</etc/default/su>"
14639 #. type: Plain text
14640 #: original/man1/su.1:264
14641 msgid "command specific logindef config file"
14644 #. type: Plain text
14645 #: original/man1/su.1:273
14647 "For security reasons, B<su> always logs failed log-in attempts to the btmp "
14648 "file, but it does not write to the I<lastlog> file at all. This solution can "
14649 "be used to control B<su> behavior by PAM configuration. If you want to use "
14650 "the B<pam_lastlog>(8) module to print warning message about failed log-in "
14651 "attempts then B<pam_lastlog>(8) has to be configured to update the "
14652 "I<lastlog> file as well. For example by:"
14655 #. type: Plain text
14656 #: original/man1/su.1:277
14657 msgid "session required pam_lastlog.so nowtmp"
14660 #. type: Plain text
14661 #: original/man1/su.1:283
14663 "This B<su> command was derived from coreutils\\(aq B<su>, which was based on "
14664 "an implementation by David MacKenzie. The util-linux version has been "
14665 "refactored by Karel Zak."
14668 #. type: Plain text
14669 #: original/man1/su.1:290
14670 msgid "B<setpriv>(1), B<login.defs>(5), B<shells>(5), B<pam>(8), B<runuser>(1)"
14673 #. type: Plain text
14674 #: original/man1/su.1:297
14676 "The B<su> command is part of the util-linux package which can be downloaded "
14681 #: original/man1/taskset.1:10
14686 #. type: Plain text
14687 #: original/man1/taskset.1:32
14688 msgid "taskset - set or retrieve a process\\(aqs CPU affinity"
14691 #. type: Plain text
14692 #: original/man1/taskset.1:35
14693 msgid "B<taskset> [options] I<mask command> [I<argument>...]"
14696 #. type: Plain text
14697 #: original/man1/taskset.1:37
14698 msgid "B<taskset> [options] B<-p> [I<mask>] I<pid>"
14701 #. type: Plain text
14702 #: original/man1/taskset.1:40
14704 "The B<taskset> command is used to set or retrieve the CPU affinity of a "
14705 "running process given its I<pid>, or to launch a new I<command> with a given "
14706 "CPU affinity. CPU affinity is a scheduler property that \"bonds\" a process "
14707 "to a given set of CPUs on the system. The Linux scheduler will honor the "
14708 "given CPU affinity and the process will not run on any other CPUs. Note that "
14709 "the Linux scheduler also supports natural CPU affinity: the scheduler "
14710 "attempts to keep processes on the same CPU as long as practical for "
14711 "performance reasons. Therefore, forcing a specific CPU affinity is useful "
14712 "only in certain applications."
14715 #. type: Plain text
14716 #: original/man1/taskset.1:42
14718 "The CPU affinity is represented as a bitmask, with the lowest order bit "
14719 "corresponding to the first logical CPU and the highest order bit "
14720 "corresponding to the last logical CPU. Not all CPUs may exist on a given "
14721 "system but a mask may specify more CPUs than are present. A retrieved mask "
14722 "will reflect only the bits that correspond to CPUs physically on the "
14723 "system. If an invalid mask is given (i.e., one that corresponds to no valid "
14724 "CPUs on the current system) an error is returned. The masks may be specified "
14725 "in hexadecimal (with or without a leading \"0x\"), or as a CPU list with the "
14726 "B<--cpu-list> option. For example,"
14729 #. type: Plain text
14730 #: original/man1/taskset.1:44
14731 msgid "B<0x00000001>"
14734 #. type: Plain text
14735 #: original/man1/taskset.1:46
14736 msgid "is processor #0,"
14739 #. type: Plain text
14740 #: original/man1/taskset.1:49
14741 msgid "B<0x00000003>"
14744 #. type: Plain text
14745 #: original/man1/taskset.1:51
14746 msgid "is processors #0 and #1,"
14749 #. type: Plain text
14750 #: original/man1/taskset.1:54
14751 msgid "B<0xFFFFFFFF>"
14754 #. type: Plain text
14755 #: original/man1/taskset.1:56
14756 msgid "is processors #0 through #31,"
14759 #. type: Plain text
14760 #: original/man1/taskset.1:61
14761 msgid "is processors #1, #4, and #5,"
14764 #. type: Plain text
14765 #: original/man1/taskset.1:64
14766 msgid "B<--cpu-list 0-2,6>"
14769 #. type: Plain text
14770 #: original/man1/taskset.1:66
14771 msgid "is processors #0, #1, #2, and #6."
14774 #. type: Plain text
14775 #: original/man1/taskset.1:69
14776 msgid "B<--cpu-list 0-10:2>"
14779 #. type: Plain text
14780 #: original/man1/taskset.1:71
14782 "is processors #0, #2, #4, #6, #8 and #10. The suffix \":N\" specifies stride "
14783 "in the range, for example 0-10:3 is interpreted as 0,3,6,9 list."
14786 #. type: Plain text
14787 #: original/man1/taskset.1:74
14789 "When B<taskset> returns, it is guaranteed that the given program has been "
14790 "scheduled to a legal CPU."
14793 #. type: Plain text
14794 #: original/man1/taskset.1:79
14795 msgid "Set or retrieve the CPU affinity of all the tasks (threads) for a given PID."
14798 #. type: Plain text
14799 #: original/man1/taskset.1:82
14800 msgid "B<-c>, B<--cpu-list>"
14803 #. type: Plain text
14804 #: original/man1/taskset.1:84
14806 "Interpret I<mask> as numerical list of processors instead of a "
14807 "bitmask. Numbers are separated by commas and may include ranges. For "
14808 "example: B<0,5,8-11>."
14811 #. type: Plain text
14812 #: original/man1/taskset.1:103
14813 msgid "The default behavior is to run a new command with a given affinity mask:"
14816 #. type: Plain text
14817 #: original/man1/taskset.1:105
14818 msgid "B<taskset> I<mask> I<command> [I<arguments>]"
14821 #. type: Plain text
14822 #: original/man1/taskset.1:108
14823 msgid "You can also retrieve the CPU affinity of an existing task:"
14826 #. type: Plain text
14827 #: original/man1/taskset.1:110
14828 msgid "B<taskset -p> I<pid>"
14831 #. type: Plain text
14832 #: original/man1/taskset.1:113
14836 #. type: Plain text
14837 #: original/man1/taskset.1:115
14838 msgid "B<taskset -p> I<mask pid>"
14841 #. type: Plain text
14842 #: original/man1/taskset.1:119
14844 "A user can change the CPU affinity of a process belonging to the same "
14845 "user. A user must possess B<CAP_SYS_NICE> to change the CPU affinity of a "
14846 "process belonging to another user. A user can retrieve the affinity mask of "
14850 #. type: Plain text
14851 #: original/man1/taskset.1:122
14852 msgid "Written by Robert M. Love."
14855 #. type: Plain text
14856 #: original/man1/taskset.1:125
14858 "Copyright (co 2004 Robert M. Love. This is free software; see the source for "
14859 "copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or "
14860 "FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE."
14863 #. type: Plain text
14864 #: original/man1/taskset.1:132
14866 "B<chrt>(1), B<nice>(1), B<renice>(1), B<sched_getaffinity>(2), "
14867 "B<sched_setaffinity>(2)"
14870 #. type: Plain text
14871 #: original/man1/taskset.1:134
14872 msgid "See B<sched>(7) for a description of the Linux scheduling scheme."
14875 #. type: Plain text
14876 #: original/man1/taskset.1:141
14878 "The B<taskset> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
14883 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:10
14888 #. type: Plain text
14889 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:32
14891 "uclampset - manipulate the utilization clamping attributes of the system or "
14895 #. type: Plain text
14896 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:35
14898 "B<uclampset> [options] [B<-m> I<uclamp_min>] [B<-M> I<uclamp_max] _command "
14902 #. type: Plain text
14903 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:37
14905 "B<uclampset> [options] [B<-m> I<uclamp_min>] [B<-M> I<uclamp_max>] B<-p> "
14909 #. type: Plain text
14910 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:40
14912 "B<uclampset> sets or retrieves the utilization clamping attributes of an "
14913 "existing I<PID>, or runs I<command> with the given attributes."
14916 #. type: Plain text
14917 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:42
14919 "Utilization clamping is a new feature added in v5.3. It gives a hint to the "
14920 "scheduler about the allowed range of utilization the task should be "
14924 #. type: Plain text
14925 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:44
14927 "The utilization of the task affects frequency selection and task "
14928 "placement. Only schedutil cpufreq governor understands handling util clamp "
14929 "hints at the time of writing. Consult your kernel docs for further info "
14930 "about other cpufreq governors support."
14933 #. type: Plain text
14934 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:46
14936 "If you\\(cqre running on asymmetric heterogeneous system like Arm\\(cqs "
14937 "big.LITTLE. Utilization clamping can help bias task placement. If the task "
14938 "is boosted such that I<util_min> value is higher than the little cores\\(aq "
14939 "capacity, then the scheduler will do its best to place it on a big core."
14942 #. type: Plain text
14943 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:48
14945 "Similarly, if I<util_max> is smaller than or equal the capacity of the "
14946 "little cores, then the scheduler can still choose to place it there even if "
14947 "the actual utilization of the task is at max."
14950 #. type: Plain text
14951 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:50
14953 "Setting a task\\(cqs I<uclamp_min> to a none zero value will effectively "
14954 "boost the task as when it runs it\\(cqll always start from this utilization "
14958 #. type: Plain text
14959 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:52
14961 "By setting a task\\(cqs I<uclamp_max> below 1024, this will effectively cap "
14962 "the task as when it runs it\\(cqll never be able to go above this "
14963 "utilization value."
14966 #. type: Plain text
14967 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:54
14969 "The full utilization range is: [0:1024]. The special value -1 is used to "
14970 "reset to system\\(cqs default."
14973 #. type: Plain text
14974 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:57 original/man1/whereis.1:68
14978 #. type: Plain text
14979 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:59
14980 msgid "Set I<util_min> value."
14983 #. type: Plain text
14984 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:62
14988 #. type: Plain text
14989 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:64
14990 msgid "Set I<util_max> value."
14993 #. type: Plain text
14994 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:69
14996 "Set or retrieve the utilization clamping attributes of all the tasks "
14997 "(threads) for a given PID."
15000 #. type: Plain text
15001 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:77
15002 msgid "B<-s>, B<--system>"
15005 #. type: Plain text
15006 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:79
15007 msgid "Set or retrieve the system-wide utilization clamping attributes."
15010 #. type: Plain text
15011 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:84
15012 msgid "Set B<SCHED_FLAG_RESET_ON_FORK> flag."
15015 #. type: Plain text
15016 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:105
15017 msgid "B<uclampset> I<[-m uclamp_min]> I<[-M uclamp_max]> I<command> [I<arguments>]"
15020 #. type: Plain text
15021 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:108
15023 "You can also retrieve the utilization clamping attributes of an existing "
15027 #. type: Plain text
15028 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:110
15029 msgid "B<uclampset -p> I<PID>"
15032 #. type: Plain text
15033 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:115
15034 msgid "B<uclampset -p> I<PID> I<[-m uclamp_min]> I<[-M uclamp_max]>"
15037 #. type: Plain text
15038 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:118
15039 msgid "Or control the system-wide attributes:"
15042 #. type: Plain text
15043 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:120
15044 msgid "B<uclampset -s> I<[-m uclamp_min]> I<[-M uclamp_max]>"
15047 #. type: Plain text
15048 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:127
15050 "The system wide utilization clamp attributes are there to control the "
15051 "I<allowed> range the tasks can use. By default both I<uclamp_min> and "
15052 "I<uclamp_max> are set to 1024. This means users can set the utilization "
15053 "clamp values for their task across the full range [0:1024]."
15056 #. type: Plain text
15057 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:129
15058 msgid "For example:"
15061 #. type: Plain text
15062 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:131
15063 msgid "B<uclampset -s> \\f(CR-m 512\\fR \\f(CR-M 700\\fR"
15066 #. type: Plain text
15067 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:134
15069 "will prevent any task from being boosted higher than 512. And all tasks in "
15070 "the systems are capped to a utilization of 700. Effectively rendering the "
15071 "maximum performance of the system to 700."
15074 #. type: Plain text
15075 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:136
15076 msgid "Consult your kernel docs for the exact expected behavior on that kernel."
15079 #. type: Plain text
15080 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:147
15082 "See B<sched_setscheduler>(2) and B<sched_setattr>(2) for a description of "
15083 "the Linux scheduling scheme."
15086 #. type: Plain text
15087 #: original/man1/uclampset.1:154
15089 "The B<uclampset> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
15094 #: original/man1/ul.1:10
15099 #. type: Plain text
15100 #: original/man1/ul.1:32
15101 msgid "ul - do underlining"
15104 #. type: Plain text
15105 #: original/man1/ul.1:35
15106 msgid "B<ul> [options] [I<file>...]"
15109 #. type: Plain text
15110 #: original/man1/ul.1:38
15112 "B<ul> reads the named files (or standard input if none are given) and "
15113 "translates occurrences of underscores to the sequence which indicates "
15114 "underlining for the terminal in use, as specified by the environment "
15115 "variable B<TERM>. The I<terminfo> database is read to determine the "
15116 "appropriate sequences for underlining. If the terminal is incapable of "
15117 "underlining but is capable of a standout mode, then that is used instead. If "
15118 "the terminal can overstrike, or handles underlining automatically, B<ul> "
15119 "degenerates to B<cat>(1). If the terminal cannot underline, underlining is "
15123 #. type: Plain text
15124 #: original/man1/ul.1:41
15125 msgid "B<-i>, B<--indicated>"
15128 #. type: Plain text
15129 #: original/man1/ul.1:43
15131 "Underlining is indicated by a separate line containing appropriate dashes "
15132 "`-\\(aq; this is useful when you want to look at the underlining which is "
15133 "present in an B<nroff> output stream on a crt-terminal."
15136 #. type: Plain text
15137 #: original/man1/ul.1:46
15138 msgid "B<-t>, B<-T>, B<--terminal> I<terminal>"
15141 #. type: Plain text
15142 #: original/man1/ul.1:48
15144 "Override the environment variable B<TERM> with the specified I<terminal> "
15148 #. type: Plain text
15149 #: original/man1/ul.1:62
15150 msgid "The following environment variable is used:"
15153 #. type: Plain text
15154 #: original/man1/ul.1:66
15156 "The B<TERM> variable is used to relate a tty device with its device "
15157 "capability description (see B<terminfo>(5)). B<TERM> is set at login time, "
15158 "either by the default terminal type specified in I</etc/ttys> or as set "
15159 "during the login process by the user in their I<login> file (see "
15163 #. type: Plain text
15164 #: original/man1/ul.1:70
15165 msgid "The B<ul> command appeared in 3.0BSD."
15168 #. type: Plain text
15169 #: original/man1/ul.1:73
15171 "B<nroff> usually outputs a series of backspaces and underlines intermixed "
15172 "with the text to indicate underlining. No attempt is made to optimize the "
15176 #. type: Plain text
15177 #: original/man1/ul.1:81
15179 "B<colcrt>(1), B<login>(1), B<man>(1), B<nroff>(1), B<setenv>(3), "
15183 #. type: Plain text
15184 #: original/man1/ul.1:88
15186 "The B<ul> command is part of the util-linux package which can be downloaded "
15191 #: original/man1/unshare.1:10
15196 #. type: Plain text
15197 #: original/man1/unshare.1:32
15198 msgid "unshare - run program in new namespaces"
15201 #. type: Plain text
15202 #: original/man1/unshare.1:35
15203 msgid "B<unshare> [options] [I<program> [I<arguments>]]"
15206 #. type: Plain text
15207 #: original/man1/unshare.1:38
15209 "The B<unshare> command creates new namespaces (as specified by the "
15210 "command-line options described below) and then executes the specified "
15211 "I<program>. If I<program> is not given, then \"${SHELL}\" is run (default: "
15215 #. type: Plain text
15216 #: original/man1/unshare.1:40
15218 "By default, a new namespace persists only as long as it has member "
15219 "processes. A new namespace can be made persistent even when it has no member "
15220 "processes by bind mounting /proc/I<pid>/ns/I<type> files to a filesystem "
15221 "path. A namespace that has been made persistent in this way can subsequently "
15222 "be entered with B<nsenter>(1) even after the I<program> terminates (except "
15223 "PID namespaces where a permanently running init process is required). Once a "
15224 "persistent namespace is no longer needed, it can be unpersisted by using "
15225 "B<umount>(8) to remove the bind mount. See the EXAMPLES section for more "
15229 #. type: Plain text
15230 #: original/man1/unshare.1:42
15232 "B<unshare> since util-linux version 2.36 uses "
15233 "I</proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children> and I</proc/[pid]/ns/time_for_children> "
15234 "files for persistent PID and TIME namespaces. This change requires Linux "
15235 "kernel 4.17 or newer."
15238 #. type: Plain text
15239 #: original/man1/unshare.1:44
15240 msgid "The following types of namespaces can be created with B<unshare>:"
15243 #. type: Plain text
15244 #: original/man1/unshare.1:48
15246 "Mounting and unmounting filesystems will not affect the rest of the system, "
15247 "except for filesystems which are explicitly marked as shared (with B<mount "
15248 "--make-shared>; see I</proc/self/mountinfo> or B<findmnt -o+PROPAGATION> for "
15249 "the B<shared> flags). For further details, see B<mount_namespaces>(7)."
15252 #. type: Plain text
15253 #: original/man1/unshare.1:50
15255 "B<unshare> since util-linux version 2.27 automatically sets propagation to "
15256 "B<private> in a new mount namespace to make sure that the new namespace is "
15257 "really unshared. It\\(cqs possible to disable this feature with option "
15258 "B<--propagation unchanged>. Note that B<private> is the kernel default."
15261 #. type: Plain text
15262 #: original/man1/unshare.1:70
15264 "Children will have a distinct set of PID-to-process mappings from their "
15265 "parent. For further details, see B<pid_namespaces>(7)."
15268 #. type: Plain text
15269 #: original/man1/unshare.1:89
15270 msgid "B<-i>, B<--ipc>[B<=>I<file>]"
15273 #. type: Plain text
15274 #: original/man1/unshare.1:91
15276 "Unshare the IPC namespace. If I<file> is specified, then a persistent "
15277 "namespace is created by a bind mount."
15280 #. type: Plain text
15281 #: original/man1/unshare.1:94
15282 msgid "B<-m>, B<--mount>[B<=>I<file>]"
15285 #. type: Plain text
15286 #: original/man1/unshare.1:96
15288 "Unshare the mount namespace. If I<file> is specified, then a persistent "
15289 "namespace is created by a bind mount. Note that I<file> must be located on a "
15290 "mount whose propagation type is not B<shared> (or an error results). Use the "
15291 "command B<findmnt -o+PROPAGATION> when not sure about the current "
15292 "setting. See also the examples below."
15295 #. type: Plain text
15296 #: original/man1/unshare.1:99
15297 msgid "B<-n>, B<--net>[B<=>I<file>]"
15300 #. type: Plain text
15301 #: original/man1/unshare.1:101
15303 "Unshare the network namespace. If I<file> is specified, then a persistent "
15304 "namespace is created by a bind mount."
15307 #. type: Plain text
15308 #: original/man1/unshare.1:104
15309 msgid "B<-p>, B<--pid>[B<=>I<file>]"
15312 #. type: Plain text
15313 #: original/man1/unshare.1:106
15315 "Unshare the PID namespace. If I<file> is specified, then a persistent "
15316 "namespace is created by a bind mount. (Creation of a persistent PID "
15317 "namespace will fail if the B<--fork> option is not also specified.)"
15320 #. type: Plain text
15321 #: original/man1/unshare.1:108
15322 msgid "See also the B<--fork> and B<--mount-proc> options."
15325 #. type: Plain text
15326 #: original/man1/unshare.1:111
15327 msgid "B<-u>, B<--uts>[B<=>I<file>]"
15330 #. type: Plain text
15331 #: original/man1/unshare.1:113
15333 "Unshare the UTS namespace. If I<file> is specified, then a persistent "
15334 "namespace is created by a bind mount."
15337 #. type: Plain text
15338 #: original/man1/unshare.1:116
15339 msgid "B<-U>, B<--user>[B<=>I<file>]"
15342 #. type: Plain text
15343 #: original/man1/unshare.1:118
15345 "Unshare the user namespace. If I<file> is specified, then a persistent "
15346 "namespace is created by a bind mount."
15349 #. type: Plain text
15350 #: original/man1/unshare.1:121
15351 msgid "B<-C>, B<--cgroup>[B<=>I<file>]"
15354 #. type: Plain text
15355 #: original/man1/unshare.1:123
15357 "Unshare the cgroup namespace. If I<file> is specified, then persistent "
15358 "namespace is created by bind mount."
15361 #. type: Plain text
15362 #: original/man1/unshare.1:126
15363 msgid "B<-T>, B<--time>[B<=>I<file>]"
15366 #. type: Plain text
15367 #: original/man1/unshare.1:128
15369 "Unshare the time namespace. If I<file> is specified, then a persistent "
15370 "namespace is created by a bind mount. The B<--monotonic> and B<--boottime> "
15371 "options can be used to specify the corresponding offset in the time "
15375 #. type: Plain text
15376 #: original/man1/unshare.1:133
15378 "Fork the specified I<program> as a child process of B<unshare> rather than "
15379 "running it directly. This is useful when creating a new PID namespace. Note "
15380 "that when B<unshare> is waiting for the child process, then it ignores "
15381 "B<SIGINT> and B<SIGTERM> and does not forward any signals to the child. It "
15382 "is necessary to send signals to the child process."
15385 #. type: Plain text
15386 #: original/man1/unshare.1:136
15387 msgid "B<--keep-caps>"
15390 #. type: Plain text
15391 #: original/man1/unshare.1:138
15393 "When the B<--user> option is given, ensure that capabilities granted in the "
15394 "user namespace are preserved in the child process."
15397 #. type: Plain text
15398 #: original/man1/unshare.1:141
15399 msgid "B<--kill-child>[B<=>I<signame>]"
15402 #. type: Plain text
15403 #: original/man1/unshare.1:143
15405 "When B<unshare> terminates, have I<signame> be sent to the forked child "
15406 "process. Combined with B<--pid> this allows for an easy and reliable killing "
15407 "of the entire process tree below B<unshare>. If not given, I<signame> "
15408 "defaults to B<SIGKILL>. This option implies B<--fork>."
15411 #. type: Plain text
15412 #: original/man1/unshare.1:146
15413 msgid "B<--mount-proc>[B<=>I<mountpoint>]"
15416 #. type: Plain text
15417 #: original/man1/unshare.1:148
15419 "Just before running the program, mount the proc filesystem at I<mountpoint> "
15420 "(default is I</proc>). This is useful when creating a new PID namespace. It "
15421 "also implies creating a new mount namespace since the I</proc> mount would "
15422 "otherwise mess up existing programs on the system. The new proc filesystem "
15423 "is explicitly mounted as private (with B<MS_PRIVATE>|B<MS_REC>)."
15426 #. type: Plain text
15427 #: original/man1/unshare.1:151
15428 msgid "B<--map-user=>I<uid|name>"
15431 #. type: Plain text
15432 #: original/man1/unshare.1:153
15434 "Run the program only after the current effective user ID has been mapped to "
15435 "I<uid>. If this option is specified multiple times, the last occurrence "
15436 "takes precedence. This option implies B<--user>."
15439 #. type: Plain text
15440 #: original/man1/unshare.1:156
15441 msgid "B<--map-group=>I<gid|name>"
15444 #. type: Plain text
15445 #: original/man1/unshare.1:158
15447 "Run the program only after the current effective group ID has been mapped to "
15448 "I<gid>. If this option is specified multiple times, the last occurrence "
15449 "takes precedence. This option implies B<--setgroups=deny> and B<--user>."
15452 #. type: Plain text
15453 #: original/man1/unshare.1:161
15454 msgid "B<-r>, B<--map-root-user>"
15457 #. type: Plain text
15458 #: original/man1/unshare.1:163
15460 "Run the program only after the current effective user and group IDs have "
15461 "been mapped to the superuser UID and GID in the newly created user "
15462 "namespace. This makes it possible to conveniently gain capabilities needed "
15463 "to manage various aspects of the newly created namespaces (such as "
15464 "configuring interfaces in the network namespace or mounting filesystems in "
15465 "the mount namespace) even when run unprivileged. As a mere convenience "
15466 "feature, it does not support more sophisticated use cases, such as mapping "
15467 "multiple ranges of UIDs and GIDs. This option implies B<--setgroups=deny> "
15468 "and B<--user>. This option is equivalent to B<--map-user=0 --map-group=0>."
15471 #. type: Plain text
15472 #: original/man1/unshare.1:166
15473 msgid "B<-c>, B<--map-current-user>"
15476 #. type: Plain text
15477 #: original/man1/unshare.1:168
15479 "Run the program only after the current effective user and group IDs have "
15480 "been mapped to the same UID and GID in the newly created user "
15481 "namespace. This option implies B<--setgroups=deny> and B<--user>. This "
15482 "option is equivalent to B<--map-user=$(id -ru) --map-group=$(id -rg)>."
15485 #. type: Plain text
15486 #: original/man1/unshare.1:171
15487 msgid "B<--propagation private>|B<shared>|B<slave>|B<unchanged>"
15490 #. type: Plain text
15491 #: original/man1/unshare.1:173
15493 "Recursively set the mount propagation flag in the new mount namespace. The "
15494 "default is to set the propagation to I<private>. It is possible to disable "
15495 "this feature with the argument B<unchanged>. The option is silently ignored "
15496 "when the mount namespace (B<--mount>) is not requested."
15499 #. type: Plain text
15500 #: original/man1/unshare.1:176
15501 msgid "B<--setgroups allow>|B<deny>"
15504 #. type: Plain text
15505 #: original/man1/unshare.1:178
15506 msgid "Allow or deny the B<setgroups>(2) system call in a user namespace."
15509 #. type: Plain text
15510 #: original/man1/unshare.1:180
15512 "To be able to call B<setgroups>(2), the calling process must at least have "
15513 "B<CAP_SETGID>. But since Linux 3.19 a further restriction applies: the "
15514 "kernel gives permission to call B<setgroups>(2) only after the GID map "
15515 "(B</proc/>I<pid>*/gid_map*) has been set. The GID map is writable by root "
15516 "when B<setgroups>(2) is enabled (i.e., B<allow>, the default), and the GID "
15517 "map becomes writable by unprivileged processes when B<setgroups>(2) is "
15518 "permanently disabled (with B<deny>)."
15521 #. type: Plain text
15522 #: original/man1/unshare.1:183
15523 msgid "B<-R>, B<--root=>I<dir>"
15526 #. type: Plain text
15527 #: original/man1/unshare.1:185
15528 msgid "run the command with root directory set to I<dir>."
15531 #. type: Plain text
15532 #: original/man1/unshare.1:188
15533 msgid "B<-w>, B<--wd=>I<dir>"
15536 #. type: Plain text
15537 #: original/man1/unshare.1:190
15538 msgid "change working directory to I<dir>."
15541 #. type: Plain text
15542 #: original/man1/unshare.1:195
15543 msgid "Set the user ID which will be used in the entered namespace."
15546 #. type: Plain text
15547 #: original/man1/unshare.1:200
15549 "Set the group ID which will be used in the entered namespace and drop "
15550 "supplementary groups."
15553 #. type: Plain text
15554 #: original/man1/unshare.1:203
15555 msgid "B<--monotonic> I<offset>"
15558 #. type: Plain text
15559 #: original/man1/unshare.1:205
15561 "Set the offset of B<CLOCK_MONOTONIC> which will be used in the entered time "
15562 "namespace. This option requires unsharing a time namespace with B<--time>."
15565 #. type: Plain text
15566 #: original/man1/unshare.1:208
15567 msgid "B<--boottime> I<offset>"
15570 #. type: Plain text
15571 #: original/man1/unshare.1:210
15573 "Set the offset of B<CLOCK_BOOTTIME> which will be used in the entered time "
15574 "namespace. This option requires unsharing a time namespace with B<--time>."
15577 #. type: Plain text
15578 #: original/man1/unshare.1:224
15580 "The proc and sysfs filesystems mounting as root in a user namespace have to "
15581 "be restricted so that a less privileged user can not get more access to "
15582 "sensitive files that a more privileged user made unavailable. In short the "
15583 "rule for proc and sysfs is as close to a bind mount as possible."
15586 #. type: Plain text
15587 #: original/man1/unshare.1:227
15589 "The following command creates a PID namespace, using B<--fork> to ensure "
15590 "that the executed command is performed in a child process that (being the "
15591 "first process in the namespace) has PID 1. The B<--mount-proc> option "
15592 "ensures that a new mount namespace is also simultaneously created and that a "
15593 "new B<proc>(5) filesystem is mounted that contains information corresponding "
15594 "to the new PID namespace. When the B<readlink> command terminates, the new "
15595 "namespaces are automatically torn down."
15598 #. type: Plain text
15599 #: original/man1/unshare.1:233
15602 "# unshare --fork --pid --mount-proc readlink /proc/self\n"
15606 #. type: Plain text
15607 #: original/man1/unshare.1:238
15609 "As an unprivileged user, create a new user namespace where the user\\(cqs "
15610 "credentials are mapped to the root IDs inside the namespace:"
15613 #. type: Plain text
15614 #: original/man1/unshare.1:250
15620 "$ unshare --user --map-root-user \\(rs\n"
15621 " sh -c \\(aq\\(aqwhoami; cat /proc/self/uid_map "
15622 "/proc/self/gid_map\\(aq\\(aq\n"
15628 #. type: Plain text
15629 #: original/man1/unshare.1:255
15631 "The first of the following commands creates a new persistent UTS namespace "
15632 "and modifies the hostname as seen in that namespace. The namespace is then "
15633 "entered with B<nsenter>(1) in order to display the modified hostname; this "
15634 "step demonstrates that the UTS namespace continues to exist even though the "
15635 "namespace had no member processes after the B<unshare> command "
15636 "terminated. The namespace is then destroyed by removing the bind mount."
15639 #. type: Plain text
15640 #: original/man1/unshare.1:264
15643 "# touch /root/uts-ns\n"
15644 "# unshare --uts=/root/uts-ns hostname FOO\n"
15645 "# nsenter --uts=/root/uts-ns hostname\n"
15647 "# umount /root/uts-ns\n"
15650 #. type: Plain text
15651 #: original/man1/unshare.1:269
15653 "The following commands establish a persistent mount namespace referenced by "
15654 "the bind mount I</root/namespaces/mnt>. In order to ensure that the creation "
15655 "of that bind mount succeeds, the parent directory (I</root/namespaces>) is "
15656 "made a bind mount whose propagation type is not B<shared>."
15659 #. type: Plain text
15660 #: original/man1/unshare.1:277
15663 "# mount --bind /root/namespaces /root/namespaces\n"
15664 "# mount --make-private /root/namespaces\n"
15665 "# touch /root/namespaces/mnt\n"
15666 "# unshare --mount=/root/namespaces/mnt\n"
15669 #. type: Plain text
15670 #: original/man1/unshare.1:282
15672 "The following commands demonstrate the use of the B<--kill-child> option "
15673 "when creating a PID namespace, in order to ensure that when B<unshare> is "
15674 "killed, all of the processes within the PID namespace are killed."
15677 #. type: Plain text
15678 #: original/man1/unshare.1:287
15680 msgid "# set +m # Don\\(aqt print job status messages\n"
15683 #. type: Plain text
15684 #: original/man1/unshare.1:290
15686 msgid "# unshare --pid --fork --mount-proc --kill-child -- \\(rs\n"
15689 #. type: Plain text
15690 #: original/man1/unshare.1:298
15693 " bash --norc -c \\(aq\\(aq(sleep 555 &) && (ps a &) && sleep "
15694 "999\\(aq\\(aq &\n"
15696 "# PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND\n"
15697 " 1 pts/3 S+ 0:00 sleep 999\n"
15698 " 3 pts/3 S+ 0:00 sleep 555\n"
15699 " 5 pts/3 R+ 0:00 ps a\n"
15702 #. type: Plain text
15703 #: original/man1/unshare.1:303
15706 "# ps h -o \\(aqcomm\\(aq $! # Show that background job is unshare(1)\n"
15708 "# kill $! # Kill unshare(1)\n"
15712 #. type: Plain text
15713 #: original/man1/unshare.1:308
15715 "The B<pidof>(1) command prints no output, because the B<sleep> processes "
15716 "have been killed. More precisely, when the B<sleep> process that has PID 1 "
15717 "in the namespace (i.e., the namespace\\(cqs init process) was killed, this "
15718 "caused all other processes in the namespace to be killed. By contrast, a "
15719 "similar series of commands where the B<--kill-child> option is not used "
15720 "shows that when B<unshare> terminates, the processes in the PID namespace "
15724 #. type: Plain text
15725 #: original/man1/unshare.1:313
15727 msgid "# unshare --pid --fork --mount-proc -- \\(rs\n"
15730 #. type: Plain text
15731 #: original/man1/unshare.1:321
15734 " bash --norc -c \\(aq\\(aq(sleep 555 &) && (ps a &) && sleep "
15735 "999\\(aq\\(aq &\n"
15737 "# PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND\n"
15738 " 1 pts/3 S+ 0:00 sleep 999\n"
15739 " 3 pts/3 S+ 0:00 sleep 555\n"
15740 " 5 pts/3 R+ 0:00 ps a\n"
15743 #. type: Plain text
15744 #: original/man1/unshare.1:325
15752 #. type: Plain text
15753 #: original/man1/unshare.1:330
15755 "The following example demonstrates the creation of a time namespace where "
15756 "the boottime clock is set to a point several years in the past:"
15759 #. type: Plain text
15760 #: original/man1/unshare.1:338
15763 "# uptime -p # Show uptime in initial time namespace\n"
15764 "up 21 hours, 30 minutes\n"
15765 "# unshare --time --fork --boottime 300000000 uptime -p\n"
15766 "up 9 years, 28 weeks, 1 day, 2 hours, 50 minutes\n"
15769 #. type: Plain text
15770 #: original/man1/unshare.1:351
15771 msgid "B<clone>(2), B<unshare>(2), B<namespaces>(7), B<mount>(8)"
15774 #. type: Plain text
15775 #: original/man1/unshare.1:358
15777 "The B<unshare> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
15782 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:10
15787 #. type: Plain text
15788 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:32
15789 msgid "utmpdump - dump UTMP and WTMP files in raw format"
15792 #. type: Plain text
15793 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:35
15794 msgid "B<utmpdump> [options] I<filename>"
15797 #. type: Plain text
15798 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:38
15800 "B<utmpdump> is a simple program to dump UTMP and WTMP files in raw format, "
15801 "so they can be examined. B<utmpdump> reads from stdin unless a I<filename> "
15805 #. type: Plain text
15806 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:41
15807 msgid "B<-f>, B<--follow>"
15810 #. type: Plain text
15811 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:43
15812 msgid "Output appended data as the file grows."
15815 #. type: Plain text
15816 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:46
15817 msgid "B<-o>, B<--output> I<file>"
15820 #. type: Plain text
15821 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:48
15822 msgid "Write command output to I<file> instead of standard output."
15825 #. type: Plain text
15826 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:51
15827 msgid "B<-r>, B<--reverse>"
15830 #. type: Plain text
15831 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:53
15832 msgid "Undump, write back edited login information into the utmp or wtmp files."
15835 #. type: Plain text
15836 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:67
15838 "B<utmpdump> can be useful in cases of corrupted utmp or wtmp entries. It can "
15839 "dump out utmp/wtmp to an ASCII file, which can then be edited to remove "
15840 "bogus entries, and reintegrated using:"
15843 #. type: Plain text
15844 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:71
15845 msgid "B<utmpdump -r E<lt> ascii_file E<gt> wtmp>"
15848 #. type: Plain text
15849 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:76
15850 msgid "But be warned, B<utmpdump> was written for debugging purposes only."
15854 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:76
15856 msgid "File formats"
15859 #. type: Plain text
15860 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:79
15862 "Only the binary version of the B<utmp>(5) is standardised. Textual dumps may "
15863 "become incompatible in future."
15866 #. type: Plain text
15867 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:81
15869 "The version 2.28 was the last one that printed text output using B<ctime>(3) "
15870 "timestamp format. Newer dumps use millisecond precision ISO-8601 timestamp "
15871 "format in UTC-0 timezone. Conversion from former timestamp format can be "
15872 "made to binary, although attempt to do so can lead the timestamps to drift "
15873 "amount of timezone offset."
15876 #. type: Plain text
15877 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:84
15879 "You may B<not> use the B<-r> option, as the format for the utmp/wtmp files "
15880 "strongly depends on the input format. This tool was B<not> written for "
15881 "normal use, but for debugging only."
15884 #. type: Plain text
15885 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:87
15886 msgid "Michael Krapp"
15889 #. type: Plain text
15890 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:93
15891 msgid "B<last>(1), B<w>(1), B<who>(1), B<utmp>(5)"
15894 #. type: Plain text
15895 #: original/man1/utmpdump.1:100
15897 "The B<utmpdump> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
15902 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:10
15907 #. type: Plain text
15908 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:32
15909 msgid "uuidgen - create a new UUID value"
15912 #. type: Plain text
15913 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:35
15914 msgid "B<uuidgen> [options]"
15917 #. type: Plain text
15918 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:38
15920 "The B<uuidgen> program creates (and prints) a new universally unique "
15921 "identifier (UUID) using the B<libuuid>(3) library. The new UUID can "
15922 "reasonably be considered unique among all UUIDs created on the local system, "
15923 "and among UUIDs created on other systems in the past and in the future."
15926 #. type: Plain text
15927 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:40
15929 "There are three types of UUIDs which B<uuidgen> can generate: time-based "
15930 "UUIDs, random-based UUIDs, and hash-based UUIDs. By default B<uuidgen> will "
15931 "generate a random-based UUID if a high-quality random number generator is "
15932 "present. Otherwise, it will choose a time-based UUID. It is possible to "
15933 "force the generation of one of these first two UUID types by using the "
15934 "B<--random> or B<--time> options."
15937 #. type: Plain text
15938 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:42
15940 "The third type of UUID is generated with the B<--md5> or B<--sha1> options, "
15941 "followed by B<--namespace> I<namespace> and B<--name> I<name>. The "
15942 "I<namespace> may either be a well-known UUID, or else an alias to one of the "
15943 "well-known UUIDs defined in RFC 4122, that is B<@dns>, B<@url>, B<@oid>, or "
15944 "B<@x500>. The I<name> is an arbitrary string value. The generated UUID is "
15945 "the digest of the concatenation of the namespace UUID and the name value, "
15946 "hashed with the MD5 or SHA1 algorithms. It is, therefore, a predictable "
15947 "value which may be useful when UUIDs are being used as handles or nonces for "
15948 "more complex values or values which shouldn\\(cqt be disclosed directly. See "
15949 "the RFC for more information."
15952 #. type: Plain text
15953 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:45
15954 msgid "B<-r>, B<--random>"
15957 #. type: Plain text
15958 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:47
15960 "Generate a random-based UUID. This method creates a UUID consisting mostly "
15961 "of random bits. It requires that the operating system has a high quality "
15962 "random number generator, such as I</dev/random>."
15965 #. type: Plain text
15966 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:52
15968 "Generate a time-based UUID. This method creates a UUID based on the system "
15969 "clock plus the system\\(cqs ethernet hardware address, if present."
15972 #. type: Plain text
15973 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:65
15974 msgid "B<-m>, B<--md5>"
15977 #. type: Plain text
15978 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:67
15979 msgid "Use MD5 as the hash algorithm."
15982 #. type: Plain text
15983 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:70
15984 msgid "B<-s>, B<--sha1>"
15987 #. type: Plain text
15988 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:72
15989 msgid "Use SHA1 as the hash algorithm."
15992 #. type: Plain text
15993 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:75
15994 msgid "B<-n>, B<--namespace> I<namespace>"
15997 #. type: Plain text
15998 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:77
16000 "Generate the hash with the I<namespace> prefix. The I<namespace> is UUID, or "
16001 "\\(aq@ns\\(aq where \"ns\" is well-known predefined UUID addressed by "
16002 "namespace name (see above)."
16005 #. type: Plain text
16006 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:80
16007 msgid "B<-N>, B<--name> I<name>"
16010 #. type: Plain text
16011 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:82
16012 msgid "Generate the hash of the I<name>."
16015 #. type: Plain text
16016 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:87
16017 msgid "Interpret name I<name> as a hexadecimal string."
16020 #. type: Plain text
16021 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:91
16022 msgid "OSF DCE 1.1"
16025 #. type: Plain text
16026 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:94
16027 msgid "uuidgen --sha1 --namespace @dns --name \"www.example.com\""
16030 #. type: Plain text
16031 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:97
16032 msgid "B<uuidgen> was written by Andreas Dilger for B<libuuid>(3)."
16035 #. type: Plain text
16036 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:100
16037 msgid "B<libuuid>(3),"
16040 #. type: Plain text
16041 #: original/man1/uuidgen.1:108
16043 "The B<uuidgen> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
16048 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:10
16053 #. type: Plain text
16054 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:32
16055 msgid "uuidparse - a utility to parse unique identifiers"
16058 #. type: Plain text
16059 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:35
16060 msgid "B<uuidparse> [options] I<uuid>"
16063 #. type: Plain text
16064 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:38
16066 "This command will parse unique identifier inputs from either command line "
16067 "arguments or standard input. The inputs are white-space separated."
16071 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:39
16077 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:46
16083 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:49
16085 msgid "Network Computing System identifier. These were the original UUIDs."
16089 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:53 original/man1/uuidparse.1:94
16095 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:56
16098 "The Open Software Foundation\\(cqs (OSF) Distributed Computing Environment "
16103 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:60
16109 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:63
16111 msgid "Microsoft Windows platform globally unique identifier (GUID)."
16115 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:67
16121 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:70
16123 msgid "Unknown variant. Usually invalid input data."
16127 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:73
16133 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:80
16139 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:83
16141 msgid "Special type for zero in type file."
16145 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:87
16151 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:90
16153 msgid "The DCE time based."
16157 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:97
16159 msgid "The DCE time and MAC Address."
16163 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:101
16169 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:104
16171 msgid "RFC 4122 md5sum hash."
16175 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:108
16181 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:111
16183 msgid "RFC 4122 random."
16187 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:115
16193 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:118
16195 msgid "RFC 4122 sha-1 hash."
16199 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:122
16205 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:125
16207 msgid "Unknown type. Usually invalid input data."
16210 #. type: Plain text
16211 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:141
16212 msgid "B<-o>, B<--output>"
16215 #. type: Plain text
16216 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:166
16217 msgid "B<uuidgen>(1), B<libuuid>(3),"
16220 #. type: Plain text
16221 #: original/man1/uuidparse.1:174
16223 "The B<uuidparse> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
16228 #: original/man1/wall.1:10
16233 #. type: Plain text
16234 #: original/man1/wall.1:32
16235 msgid "wall - write a message to all users"
16238 #. type: Plain text
16239 #: original/man1/wall.1:35
16240 msgid "B<wall> [B<-n>] [B<-t> I<timeout>] [B<-g> I<group>] [I<message> | I<file>]"
16243 #. type: Plain text
16244 #: original/man1/wall.1:38
16246 "B<wall> displays a I<message>, or the contents of a I<file>, or otherwise "
16247 "its standard input, on the terminals of all currently logged in users. The "
16248 "command will wrap lines that are longer than 79 characters. Short lines are "
16249 "whitespace padded to have 79 characters. The command will always put a "
16250 "carriage return and new line at the end of each line."
16253 #. type: Plain text
16254 #: original/man1/wall.1:40
16256 "Only the superuser can write on the terminals of users who have chosen to "
16257 "deny messages or are using a program which automatically denies messages."
16260 #. type: Plain text
16261 #: original/man1/wall.1:42
16263 "Reading from a I<file> is refused when the invoker is not superuser and the "
16264 "program is set-user-ID or set-group-ID."
16267 #. type: Plain text
16268 #: original/man1/wall.1:45
16269 msgid "B<-n>, B<--nobanner>"
16272 #. type: Plain text
16273 #: original/man1/wall.1:47
16274 msgid "Suppress the banner."
16277 #. type: Plain text
16278 #: original/man1/wall.1:50
16279 msgid "B<-t>, B<--timeout> I<timeout>"
16282 #. type: Plain text
16283 #: original/man1/wall.1:52
16285 "Abandon the write attempt to the terminals after I<timeout> seconds. This "
16286 "I<timeout> must be a positive integer. The default value is 300 seconds, "
16287 "which is a legacy from the time when people ran terminals over modem lines."
16290 #. type: Plain text
16291 #: original/man1/wall.1:55
16292 msgid "B<-g>, B<--group> I<group>"
16295 #. type: Plain text
16296 #: original/man1/wall.1:57
16298 "Limit printing message to members of group defined as a I<group> "
16299 "argument. The argument can be group name or GID."
16302 #. type: Plain text
16303 #: original/man1/wall.1:71
16305 "Some sessions, such as B<wdm>(1x), that have in the beginning of B<utmp>(5) "
16306 "ut_type data a \\(aq:\\(aq character will not get the message from "
16307 "B<wall>. This is done to avoid write errors."
16310 #. type: Plain text
16311 #: original/man1/wall.1:74
16312 msgid "A B<wall> command appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX."
16315 #. type: Plain text
16316 #: original/man1/wall.1:80
16317 msgid "B<mesg>(1), B<talk>(1), B<write>(1), B<shutdown>(8)"
16320 #. type: Plain text
16321 #: original/man1/wall.1:87
16323 "The B<wall> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
16328 #: original/man1/whereis.1:10
16333 #. type: Plain text
16334 #: original/man1/whereis.1:32
16335 msgid "whereis - locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a command"
16338 #. type: Plain text
16339 #: original/man1/whereis.1:35
16340 msgid "B<whereis> [options] [B<-BMS> I<directory>... B<-f>] I<name>..."
16343 #. type: Plain text
16344 #: original/man1/whereis.1:38
16346 "B<whereis> locates the binary, source and manual files for the specified "
16347 "command names. The supplied names are first stripped of leading pathname "
16348 "components. Prefixes of B<s.> resulting from use of source code control are "
16349 "also dealt with. B<whereis> then attempts to locate the desired program in "
16350 "the standard Linux places, and in the places specified by B<$PATH> and "
16354 #. type: Plain text
16355 #: original/man1/whereis.1:40
16357 "The search restrictions (options B<-b>, B<-m> and B<-s>) are cumulative and "
16358 "apply to the subsequent I<name> patterns on the command line. Any new search "
16359 "restriction resets the search mask. For example,"
16362 #. type: Plain text
16363 #: original/man1/whereis.1:44
16364 msgid "B<whereis -bm ls tr -m gcc>"
16367 #. type: Plain text
16368 #: original/man1/whereis.1:49
16370 "searches for \"ls\" and \"tr\" binaries and man pages, and for \"gcc\" man "
16374 #. type: Plain text
16375 #: original/man1/whereis.1:51
16377 "The options B<-B>, B<-M> and B<-S> reset search paths for the subsequent "
16378 "I<name> patterns. For example,"
16381 #. type: Plain text
16382 #: original/man1/whereis.1:55
16383 msgid "B<whereis -m ls -M /usr/share/man/man1 -f cal>"
16386 #. type: Plain text
16387 #: original/man1/whereis.1:60
16389 "searches for \"B<ls>\" man pages in all default paths, but for \"cal\" in "
16390 "the I</usr/share/man/man1> directory only."
16393 #. type: Plain text
16394 #: original/man1/whereis.1:63
16398 #. type: Plain text
16399 #: original/man1/whereis.1:65
16400 msgid "Search for binaries."
16403 #. type: Plain text
16404 #: original/man1/whereis.1:70
16405 msgid "Search for manuals."
16408 #. type: Plain text
16409 #: original/man1/whereis.1:75
16410 msgid "Search for sources."
16413 #. type: Plain text
16414 #: original/man1/whereis.1:78
16418 #. type: Plain text
16419 #: original/man1/whereis.1:80
16421 "Only show the command names that have unusual entries. A command is said to "
16422 "be unusual if it does not have just one entry of each explicitly requested "
16423 "type. Thus \\(aqB<whereis -m -u *>\\(aq asks for those files in the current "
16424 "directory which have no documentation file, or more than one."
16427 #. type: Plain text
16428 #: original/man1/whereis.1:83
16429 msgid "B<-B> I<list>"
16432 #. type: Plain text
16433 #: original/man1/whereis.1:85
16435 "Limit the places where B<whereis> searches for binaries, by a "
16436 "whitespace-separated list of directories."
16439 #. type: Plain text
16440 #: original/man1/whereis.1:88
16441 msgid "B<-M> I<list>"
16444 #. type: Plain text
16445 #: original/man1/whereis.1:90
16447 "Limit the places where B<whereis> searches for manuals and documentation in "
16448 "Info format, by a whitespace-separated list of directories."
16451 #. type: Plain text
16452 #: original/man1/whereis.1:93
16453 msgid "B<-S> I<list>"
16456 #. type: Plain text
16457 #: original/man1/whereis.1:95
16459 "Limit the places where B<whereis> searches for sources, by a "
16460 "whitespace-separated list of directories."
16463 #. type: Plain text
16464 #: original/man1/whereis.1:100
16466 "Terminates the directory list and signals the start of filenames. It I<must> "
16467 "be used when any of the B<-B>, B<-M>, or B<-S> options is used."
16470 #. type: Plain text
16471 #: original/man1/whereis.1:103
16475 #. type: Plain text
16476 #: original/man1/whereis.1:105
16478 "Output the list of effective lookup paths that B<whereis> is using. When "
16479 "none of B<-B>, B<-M>, or B<-S> is specified, the option will output the "
16480 "hard-coded paths that the command was able to find on the system."
16484 #: original/man1/whereis.1:116
16486 msgid "FILE SEARCH PATHS"
16489 #. type: Plain text
16490 #: original/man1/whereis.1:119
16492 "By default B<whereis> tries to find files from hard-coded paths, which are "
16493 "defined with glob patterns. The command attempts to use the contents of "
16494 "B<$PATH> and B<$MANPATH> environment variables as default search path. The "
16495 "easiest way to know what paths are in use is to add the B<-l> listing "
16496 "option. Effects of the B<-B>, B<-M>, and B<-S> are displayed with B<-l>."
16499 #. type: Plain text
16500 #: original/man1/whereis.1:122
16501 msgid "WHEREIS_DEBUG=all"
16504 #. type: Plain text
16505 #: original/man1/whereis.1:124
16506 msgid "enables debug output."
16509 #. type: Plain text
16510 #: original/man1/whereis.1:128
16512 "To find all files in I</usr/bin> which are not documented in "
16513 "I</usr/man/man1> or have no source in I</usr/src>:"
16516 #. type: Plain text
16517 #: original/man1/whereis.1:130
16518 msgid "B<cd /usr/bin> B<whereis -u -ms -M /usr/man/man1 -S /usr/src -f *>"
16521 #. type: Plain text
16522 #: original/man1/whereis.1:137
16524 "The B<whereis> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "
16529 #: original/man1/write.1:10
16534 #. type: Plain text
16535 #: original/man1/write.1:32
16536 msgid "write - send a message to another user"
16539 #. type: Plain text
16540 #: original/man1/write.1:34
16541 msgid "B<write> I<user> [I<ttyname>]"
16544 #. type: Plain text
16545 #: original/man1/write.1:37
16547 "B<write> allows you to communicate with other users, by copying lines from "
16548 "your terminal to theirs."
16551 #. type: Plain text
16552 #: original/man1/write.1:39
16554 "When you run the B<write> command, the user you are writing to gets a "
16555 "message of the form:"
16558 #. type: Plain text
16559 #: original/man1/write.1:44
16561 msgid "Message from yourname@yourhost on yourtty at hh:mm ...\n"
16564 #. type: Plain text
16565 #: original/man1/write.1:49
16567 "Any further lines you enter will be copied to the specified user\\(cqs "
16568 "terminal. If the other user wants to reply, they must run B<write> as well."
16571 #. type: Plain text
16572 #: original/man1/write.1:51
16574 "When you are done, type an end-of-file or interrupt character. The other "
16575 "user will see the message B<EOF> indicating that the conversation is over."
16578 #. type: Plain text
16579 #: original/man1/write.1:53
16581 "You can prevent people (other than the superuser) from writing to you with "
16582 "the B<mesg>(1) command. Some commands, for example B<nroff>(1) and B<pr>(1), "
16583 "may automatically disallow writing, so that the output they produce "
16584 "isn\\(cqt overwritten."
16587 #. type: Plain text
16588 #: original/man1/write.1:55
16590 "If the user you want to write to is logged in on more than one terminal, you "
16591 "can specify which terminal to write to by giving the terminal name as the "
16592 "second operand to the B<write> command. Alternatively, you can let B<write> "
16593 "select one of the terminals - it will pick the one with the shortest idle "
16594 "time. This is so that if the user is logged in at work and also dialed up "
16595 "from home, the message will go to the right place."
16598 #. type: Plain text
16599 #: original/man1/write.1:57
16601 "The traditional protocol for writing to someone is that the string I<-o>, "
16602 "either at the end of a line or on a line by itself, means that it\\(cqs the "
16603 "other person\\(cqs turn to talk. The string I<oo> means that the person "
16604 "believes the conversation to be over."
16607 #. type: Plain text
16608 #: original/man1/write.1:71
16609 msgid "A B<write> command appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX."
16612 #. type: Plain text
16613 #: original/man1/write.1:76
16614 msgid "B<mesg>(1), B<talk>(1), B<who>(1)"
16617 #. type: Plain text
16618 #: original/man1/write.1:83
16620 "The B<write> command is part of the util-linux package which can be "