1 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
4 # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
9 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
10 "POT-Creation-Date: 2012-03-19 23:50+0900\n"
11 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
12 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
13 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
16 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
17 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
20 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:28
26 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:28
32 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:28 build/C/man7/boot.7:12 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:29 build/C/man2/reboot.2:25 build/C/man2/sync.2:36
38 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:28 build/C/man7/boot.7:12 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:29 build/C/man2/reboot.2:25 build/C/man2/sync.2:36 build/C/man8/sync.8:6
40 msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual"
44 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:29 build/C/man7/boot.7:13 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:30 build/C/man2/reboot.2:26 build/C/man2/sync.2:37 build/C/man8/sync.8:7
50 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:31
51 msgid "bdflush - start, flush, or tune buffer-dirty-flush daemon"
55 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:31 build/C/man2/reboot.2:28 build/C/man2/sync.2:39 build/C/man8/sync.8:9
61 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:34
63 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/kdaemon.hE<gt>>\n"
67 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:37
70 "B<int bdflush(int >I<func>B<, long *>I<address>B<);>\n"
71 "B<int bdflush(int >I<func>B<, long >I<data>B<);>\n"
75 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:38 build/C/man7/boot.7:15 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:32 build/C/man2/reboot.2:49 build/C/man2/sync.2:65 build/C/man8/sync.8:11
81 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:45
83 "B<bdflush>() starts, flushes, or tunes the buffer-dirty-flush daemon. Only "
84 "a privileged process (one with the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability) may call "
89 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:51
91 "If I<func> is negative or 0, and no daemon has been started, then "
92 "B<bdflush>() enters the daemon code and never returns."
96 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:56
97 msgid "If I<func> is 1, some dirty buffers are written to disk."
101 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:65
103 "If I<func> is 2 or more and is even (low bit is 0), then I<address> is the "
104 "address of a long word, and the tuning parameter numbered (I<func>-2)/2 is "
105 "returned to the caller in that address."
109 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:74
111 "If I<func> is 3 or more and is odd (low bit is 1), then I<data> is a long "
112 "word, and the kernel sets tuning parameter numbered (I<func>-3)/2 to that "
117 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:78
119 "The set of parameters, their values, and their valid ranges are defined in "
120 "the kernel source file I<fs/buffer.c>."
124 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:78 build/C/man2/reboot.2:148 build/C/man2/sync.2:76
130 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:87
132 "If I<func> is negative or 0 and the daemon successfully starts, B<bdflush>() "
133 "never returns. Otherwise, the return value is 0 on success and -1 on "
134 "failure, with I<errno> set to indicate the error."
138 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:87 build/C/man2/reboot.2:161 build/C/man2/sync.2:82
144 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:88
150 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:92
152 "An attempt was made to enter the daemon code after another process has "
157 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:92 build/C/man2/reboot.2:162
163 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:96
164 msgid "I<address> points outside your accessible address space."
168 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:96 build/C/man2/reboot.2:166
174 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:100
176 "An attempt was made to read or write an invalid parameter number, or to "
177 "write an invalid value to a parameter."
181 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:100 build/C/man2/reboot.2:169
187 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:105
188 msgid "Caller does not have the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability."
192 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:105 build/C/man2/reboot.2:176 build/C/man2/sync.2:95 build/C/man8/sync.8:61
194 msgid "CONFORMING TO"
198 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:109
200 "B<bdflush>() is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs intended "
205 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:109 build/C/man7/boot.7:200 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1296 build/C/man2/reboot.2:180 build/C/man2/sync.2:118 build/C/man8/sync.8:80
211 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:114
212 msgid "B<fsync>(2), B<sync>(2), B<sync>(8), B<update>(8)"
216 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:114 build/C/man7/boot.7:206 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1308 build/C/man2/reboot.2:187 build/C/man2/sync.2:124 build/C/man8/sync.8:85
222 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:121 build/C/man7/boot.7:213 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1315 build/C/man2/reboot.2:194 build/C/man2/sync.2:131 build/C/man8/sync.8:92
224 "This page is part of release 3.35 of the Linux I<man-pages> project. A "
225 "description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be "
226 "found at http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/."
230 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:12
236 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:12
242 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:15
243 msgid "boot-scripts - General description of boot sequence"
247 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:23
249 "The boot sequence varies in details among systems but can be roughly divided "
250 "to the following steps: (i) hardware boot, (ii) OS loader, (iii) kernel "
251 "startup, (iv) init and inittab, (v) boot scripts. We will describe each of "
252 "these in more detail below."
256 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:23
258 msgid "Hardware-boot"
262 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:28
264 "After power-on or hard reset, control is given to a program stored on "
265 "read-only memory (normally PROM). In PC we usually call this program the "
270 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:37
272 "This program normally makes a basic self-test of the machine and accesses "
273 "nonvolatile memory to read further parameters. This memory in the PC is "
274 "battery-backed CMOS memory, so most people refer to it as the B<CMOS>, "
275 "although outside of the PC world, it is usually called B<nvram> (nonvolatile "
280 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:42
282 "The parameters stored in the nvram vary between systems, but as a minimum, "
283 "the hardware boot program should know what is the boot device, or which "
284 "devices to probe as possible boot devices."
288 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:46
290 "Then the hardware boot stage accesses the boot device, loads the OS Loader, "
291 "which is located on a fixed position on the boot device, and transfers "
296 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:46 build/C/man7/boot.7:126
302 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:52
304 "We do not cover here booting from network. Those who want to investigate "
305 "this subject may want to research: DHCP, TFTP, PXE, Etherboot."
309 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:52
315 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:56
317 "In PC, the OS Loader is located in the first sector of the boot device - "
318 "this is the B<MBR> (Master Boot Record)."
322 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:64
324 "In most systems, this primary loader is very limited due to various "
325 "constraints. Even on non-PC systems there are some limitations to the size "
326 "and complexity of this loader, but the size limitation of the PC MBR (512 "
327 "bytes including the partition table) makes it almost impossible to squeeze a "
328 "full OS Loader into it."
332 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:68
334 "Therefore, most operating systems make the primary loader call a secondary "
335 "OS loader which may be located on a specified disk partition."
339 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:78
341 "In Linux the OS loader is normally B<lilo>(8) or B<grub>(8). Both of them "
342 "may install either as secondary loaders (where the DOS installed MBR points "
343 "to them), or as a two part loader where they provide special MBR containing "
344 "the bootstrap code to load the second part of the loader from the root "
349 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:86
351 "The main job of the OS Loader is to locate the kernel on the disk, load it "
352 "and run it. Most OS loaders allow interactive use, to enable specification "
353 "of alternative kernel (maybe a backup in case the last compiled one isn't "
354 "functioning) and to pass optional parameters to the kernel."
358 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:86
360 msgid "Kernel Startup"
364 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:91
366 "When the kernel is loaded, it initializes the devices (via their drivers), "
367 "starts the swapper (it is a \"kernel process\", called kswapd in modern "
368 "Linux kernels), and mounts the root file system (/)."
372 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:98
374 "Some of the parameters that may be passed to the kernel relate to these "
375 "activities (e.g: You can override the default root file system). For "
376 "further information on Linux kernel parameters read B<bootparam>(7)."
380 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:105
382 "Only then the kernel creates the first (user land) process which is "
383 "numbered 1. This process executes the program I</sbin/init>, passing any "
384 "parameters that weren't handled by the kernel already."
388 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:105
390 msgid "init and inittab"
394 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:110
396 "When init starts it reads I</etc/inittab> for further instructions. This "
397 "file defines what should be run in different I<run-levels>."
401 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:120
403 "This gives the system administrator an easy management scheme, where each "
404 "run-level is associated with a set of services (e.g: B<S> is I<single-user>, "
405 "on B<2> most network services start, etc.). The administrator may change "
406 "the current run-level via B<init>(8) and query the current run-level via "
411 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:124
413 "However, since it is not convenient to manage individual services by editing "
414 "this file, inittab only bootstraps a set of scripts that actually start/stop "
415 "the individual services."
419 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:124
425 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:134
427 "The following description applies to System V release 4-based systems, which "
428 "currently covers most commercial UNIX systems (Solaris, HP-UX, Irix, Tru64) "
429 "as well as the major Linux distributions (Red Hat, Debian, Mandriva, SUSE, "
430 "Ubuntu). Some systems (Slackware Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD) have a somewhat "
431 "different scheme of boot scripts."
435 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:147
437 "For each managed service (mail, nfs server, cron, etc.) there is a single "
438 "startup script located in a specific directory (I</etc/init.d> in most "
439 "versions of Linux). Each of these scripts accepts as a single argument the "
440 "word \"start\" -- causing it to start the service, or the word \\&\"stop\" "
441 "-- causing it to stop the service. The script may optionally accept other "
442 "\"convenience\" parameters (e.g: \"restart\", to stop and then start, "
443 "\"status\" do display the service status). Running the script without "
444 "parameters displays the possible arguments."
448 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:147
450 msgid "Sequencing Directories"
454 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:155
456 "To make specific scripts start/stop at specific run-levels and in specific "
457 "order, there are I<sequencing directories>. These are normally in "
458 "I</etc/rc[0-6S].d>. In each of these directories there are links (usually "
459 "symbolic) to the scripts in the I</etc/init.d> directory."
463 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:164
465 "A primary script (usually I</etc/rc>) is called from B<inittab>(5) and "
466 "calls the services scripts via the links in the sequencing directories. All "
467 "links with names that begin with \\(aqS\\(aq are being called with the "
468 "argument \"start\" (thereby starting the service). All links with names "
469 "that begin with \\(aqK\\(aq are being called with the argument \"stop\" "
470 "(thereby stopping the service)."
474 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:174
476 "To define the starting or stopping order within the same run-level, the "
477 "names of the links contain order-numbers. Also, to make the names clearer, "
478 "they usually end with the name of the service they refer to. Example: the "
479 "link I</etc/rc2.d/S80sendmail> starts the sendmail service on runlevel 2. "
480 "This happens after I</etc/rc2.d/S12syslog> is run but before "
481 "I</etc/rc2.d/S90xfs> is run."
485 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:179
487 "To manage the boot order and run-levels, we have to manage these links. "
488 "However, on many versions of Linux, there are tools to help with this task "
489 "(e.g: B<chkconfig>(8))."
493 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:179
495 msgid "Boot Configuration"
499 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:188
501 "Usually the daemons started may optionally receive command-line options and "
502 "parameters. To allow system administrators to change these parameters "
503 "without editing the boot scripts themselves, configuration files are used. "
504 "These are located in a specific directory (I</etc/sysconfig> on Red Hat "
505 "systems) and are used by the boot scripts."
509 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:195
511 "In older UNIX systems, these files contained the actual command line options "
512 "for the daemons, but in modern Linux systems (and also in HP-UX), these "
513 "files just contain shell variables. The boot scripts in I</etc/init.d> "
514 "B<source> the configuration files, and then use the variable values."
518 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:195
524 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:200
525 msgid "I</etc/init.d/>, I</etc/rc[S0-6].d/>, I</etc/sysconfig/>"
529 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:206
530 msgid "B<inittab>(5), B<bootparam>(7), B<init>(8), B<runlevel>(8), B<shutdown>(8)"
534 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:29
540 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:29
546 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:32
547 msgid "bootparam - Introduction to boot time parameters of the Linux kernel"
551 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:39
553 "The Linux kernel accepts certain 'command-line options' or 'boot time "
554 "parameters' at the moment it is started. In general this is used to supply "
555 "the kernel with information about hardware parameters that the kernel would "
556 "not be able to determine on its own, or to avoid/override the values that "
557 "the kernel would otherwise detect."
561 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:49
563 "When the kernel is booted directly by the BIOS (say from a floppy to which "
564 "you copied a kernel using 'cp zImage /dev/fd0'), you have no opportunity to "
565 "specify any parameters. So, in order to take advantage of this possibility "
566 "you have to use software that is able to pass parameters, like LILO or "
567 "loadlin. For a few parameters one can also modify the kernel image itself, "
568 "using rdev, see B<rdev>(8) for further details."
572 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:59
574 "The LILO program (LInux LOader) written by Werner Almesberger is the most "
575 "commonly used. It has the ability to boot various kernels, and stores the "
576 "configuration information in a plain text file. (See B<lilo>(8) and "
577 "B<lilo.conf>(5).) LILO can boot DOS, OS/2, Linux, FreeBSD, UnixWare, etc., "
578 "and is quite flexible."
582 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:64
584 "The other commonly used Linux loader is 'LoadLin' which is a DOS program "
585 "that has the capability to launch a Linux kernel from the DOS prompt (with "
586 "boot-args) assuming that certain resources are available. This is good for "
587 "people that want to launch Linux from DOS."
591 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:73
593 "It is also very useful if you have certain hardware which relies on the "
594 "supplied DOS driver to put the hardware into a known state. A common "
595 "example is 'SoundBlaster Compatible' sound cards that require the DOS driver "
596 "to twiddle a few mystical registers to put the card into a SB compatible "
597 "mode. Booting DOS with the supplied driver, and then loading Linux from the "
598 "DOS prompt with loadlin avoids the reset of the card that happens if one "
603 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:73
605 msgid "The Argument List"
609 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:77
611 "The kernel command line is parsed into a list of strings (boot arguments) "
612 "separated by spaces. Most of the boot args take the form of:"
616 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:79
617 msgid "name[=value_1][,value_2]...[,value_10]"
621 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:87
623 "where 'name' is a unique keyword that is used to identify what part of the "
624 "kernel the associated values (if any) are to be given to. Note the limit of "
625 "10 is real, as the present code only handles 10 comma separated parameters "
626 "per keyword. (However, you can reuse the same keyword with up to an "
627 "additional 10 parameters in unusually complicated situations, assuming the "
628 "setup function supports it.)"
632 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:93
634 "Most of the sorting goes on in linux/init/main.c. First, the kernel checks "
635 "to see if the argument is any of the special arguments 'root=', "
636 "\\&'nfsroot=', 'nfsaddrs=', 'ro', 'rw', 'debug' or 'init'. The meaning of "
637 "these special arguments is described below."
641 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:104
643 "Then it walks a list of setup functions (contained in the bootsetups array) "
644 "to see if the specified argument string (such as 'foo') has been associated "
645 "with a setup function ('foo_setup()') for a particular device or part of the "
646 "kernel. If you passed the kernel the line foo=3,4,5,6 then the kernel would "
647 "search the bootsetups array to see if 'foo' was registered. If it was, then "
648 "it would call the setup function associated with 'foo' (foo_setup()) and "
649 "hand it the arguments 3, 4, 5 and 6 as given on the kernel command line."
653 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:110
655 "Anything of the form 'foo=bar' that is not accepted as a setup function as "
656 "described above is then interpreted as an environment variable to be set. A "
657 "(useless?) example would be to use 'TERM=vt100' as a boot argument."
661 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:120
663 "Any remaining arguments that were not picked up by the kernel and were not "
664 "interpreted as environment variables are then passed onto process one, which "
665 "is usually the init program. The most common argument that is passed to the "
666 "init process is the word 'single' which instructs init to boot the computer "
667 "in single user mode, and not launch all the usual daemons. Check the manual "
668 "page for the version of init installed on your system to see what arguments "
673 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:120
675 msgid "General Non-device Specific Boot Arguments"
679 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:121
681 msgid "B<'init=...'>"
685 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:133
687 "This sets the initial command to be executed by the kernel. If this is not "
688 "set, or cannot be found, the kernel will try I</sbin/init>, then "
689 "I</etc/init>, then I</bin/init>, then I</bin/sh> and panic if all of this "
694 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:133
696 msgid "B<'nfsaddrs=...'>"
700 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:137
702 "This sets the nfs boot address to the given string. This boot address is "
703 "used in case of a net boot."
707 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:137
709 msgid "B<'nfsroot=...'>"
713 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:144
715 "This sets the nfs root name to the given string. If this string does not "
716 "begin with '/' or ',' or a digit, then it is prefixed by \\&'/tftpboot/'. "
717 "This root name is used in case of a net boot."
721 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:144
727 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:157
729 "(Only when B<CONFIG_BUGi386> is defined.) Some i387 coprocessor chips have "
730 "bugs that show up when used in 32 bit protected mode. For example, some of "
731 "the early ULSI-387 chips would cause solid lockups while performing "
732 "floating-point calculations. Using the 'no387' boot arg causes Linux to "
733 "ignore the maths coprocessor even if you have one. Of course you must then "
734 "have your kernel compiled with math emulation support!"
738 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:157
744 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:170
746 "(Only when B<CONFIG_BUGi386> is defined.) Some of the early i486DX-100 "
747 "chips have a problem with the 'hlt' instruction, in that they can't reliably "
748 "return to operating mode after this instruction is used. Using the 'no-hlt' "
749 "instruction tells Linux to just run an infinite loop when there is nothing "
750 "else to do, and to not halt the CPU. This allows people with these broken "
751 "chips to use Linux."
755 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:170
757 msgid "B<'root=...'>"
761 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:182
763 "This argument tells the kernel what device is to be used as the root file "
764 "system while booting. The default of this setting is determined at compile "
765 "time, and usually is the value of the root device of the system that the "
766 "kernel was built on. To override this value, and select the second floppy "
767 "drive as the root device, one would use 'root=/dev/fd1'. (The root device "
768 "can also be set using B<rdev>(8).)"
772 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:198
774 "The root device can be specified symbolically or numerically. A symbolic "
775 "specification has the form /dev/XXYN, where XX designates the device type "
776 "('hd' for ST-506 compatible hard disk, with Y in \\&'a'-'d'; 'sd' for SCSI "
777 "compatible disk, with Y in 'a'-'e'; \\&'ad' for Atari ACSI disk, with Y in "
778 "'a'-'e', \\&'ez' for a Syquest EZ135 parallel port removable drive, with "
779 "Y='a', \\&'xd' for XT compatible disk, with Y either 'a' or 'b'; 'fd' for "
780 "floppy disk, with Y the floppy drive number\\(emfd0 would be the DOS 'A:' "
781 "drive, and fd1 would be 'B:'), Y the driver letter or number, and N the "
782 "number (in decimal) of the partition on this device (absent in the case of "
783 "floppies). Recent kernels allow many other types, mostly for CD-ROMs: nfs, "
784 "ram, scd, mcd, cdu535, aztcd, cm206cd, gscd, sbpcd, sonycd, bpcd. (The type "
785 "nfs specifies a net boot; ram refers to a ram disk.)"
789 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:202
791 "Note that this has nothing to do with the designation of these devices on "
792 "your file system. The '/dev/' part is purely conventional."
796 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:207
798 "The more awkward and less portable numeric specification of the above "
799 "possible root devices in major/minor format is also accepted. (E.g., "
800 "/dev/sda3 is major 8, minor 3, so you could use 'root=0x803' as an "
805 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:207
807 msgid "B<'ro'> and B<'rw'>"
811 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:217
813 "The 'ro' option tells the kernel to mount the root file system as "
814 "'read-only' so that file system consistency check programs (fsck) can do "
815 "their work on a quiescent file system. No processes can write to files on "
816 "the file system in question until it is 'remounted' as read/write capable, "
817 "for example, by 'mount -w -n -o remount /'. (See also B<mount>(8).)"
821 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:220
823 "The 'rw' option tells the kernel to mount the root file system read/write. "
824 "This is the default."
828 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:223
830 "The choice between read-only and read/write can also be set using "
835 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:223
837 msgid "B<'reserve=...'>"
841 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:227
843 "This is used to protect I/O port regions from probes. The form of the "
848 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:229
849 msgid "B<reserve=>I<iobase,extent[,iobase,extent]...>"
853 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:236
855 "In some machines it may be necessary to prevent device drivers from checking "
856 "for devices (auto-probing) in a specific region. This may be because of "
857 "hardware that reacts badly to the probing, or hardware that would be "
858 "mistakenly identified, or merely hardware you don't want the kernel to "
863 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:241
865 "The reserve boot-time argument specifies an I/O port region that shouldn't "
866 "be probed. A device driver will not probe a reserved region, unless another "
867 "boot argument explicitly specifies that it do so."
871 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:243
872 msgid "For example, the boot line"
876 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:245
877 msgid "reserve=0x300,32 blah=0x300"
881 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:248
883 "keeps all device drivers except the driver for 'blah' from probing "
888 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:248
894 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:261
896 "The BIOS call defined in the PC specification that returns the amount of "
897 "installed memory was only designed to be able to report up to 64MB. Linux "
898 "uses this BIOS call at boot to determine how much memory is installed. If "
899 "you have more than 64MB of RAM installed, you can use this boot arg to tell "
900 "Linux how much memory you have. The value is in decimal or hexadecimal "
901 "(prefix 0x), and the suffixes 'k' (times 1024) or 'M' (times 1048576) can be "
902 "used. Here is a quote from Linus on usage of the 'mem=' parameter."
906 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:268
908 "The kernel will accept any 'mem=xx' parameter you give it, and if it turns "
909 "out that you lied to it, it will crash horribly sooner or later. The "
910 "parameter indicates the highest addressable RAM address, so "
911 "\\&'mem=0x1000000' means you have 16MB of memory, for example. For a 96MB "
912 "machine this would be 'mem=0x6000000'."
916 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:280
918 "B<NOTE>: some machines might use the top of memory for BIOS caching or "
919 "whatever, so you might not actually have up to the full 96MB addressable. "
920 "The reverse is also true: some chipsets will map the physical memory that is "
921 "covered by the BIOS area into the area just past the top of memory, so the "
922 "top-of-mem might actually be 96MB + 384kB for example. If you tell linux "
923 "that it has more memory than it actually does have, bad things will happen: "
924 "maybe not at once, but surely eventually."
928 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:285
930 "You can also use the boot argument 'mem=nopentium' to turn off 4 MB page "
931 "tables on kernels configured for IA32 systems with a pentium or newer CPU."
935 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:285
941 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:290
943 "By default the kernel will not reboot after a panic, but this option will "
944 "cause a kernel reboot after N seconds (if N is greater than zero). This "
945 "panic timeout can also be set by \"echo N E<gt> /proc/sys/kernel/panic\"."
949 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:290
951 msgid "B<'reboot=[warm|cold][,[bios|hard]]'>"
955 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:305
957 "(Only when B<CONFIG_BUGi386> is defined.) Since 2.0.22 a reboot is by "
958 "default a cold reboot. One asks for the old default with 'reboot=warm'. (A "
959 "cold reboot may be required to reset certain hardware, but might destroy not "
960 "yet written data in a disk cache. A warm reboot may be faster.) By default "
961 "a reboot is hard, by asking the keyboard controller to pulse the reset line "
962 "low, but there is at least one type of motherboard where that doesn't work. "
963 "The option 'reboot=bios' will instead jump through the BIOS."
967 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:305
969 msgid "B<'nosmp'> and B<'maxcpus=N'>"
973 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:311
975 "(Only when __SMP__ is defined.) A command-line option of 'nosmp' or "
976 "'maxcpus=0' will disable SMP activation entirely; an option 'maxcpus=N' "
977 "limits the maximum number of CPUs activated in SMP mode to N."
981 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:311
983 msgid "Boot Arguments for Use by Kernel Developers"
987 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:312
993 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:328
995 "Kernel messages are handed off to the kernel log daemon klogd so that they "
996 "may be logged to disk. Messages with a priority above I<console_loglevel> "
997 "are also printed on the console. (For these levels, see "
998 "I<E<lt>linux/kernel.hE<gt>>.) By default this variable is set to log "
999 "anything more important than debug messages. This boot argument will cause "
1000 "the kernel to also print the messages of DEBUG priority. The console "
1001 "loglevel can also be set at run time via an option to klogd. See "
1006 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:328
1008 msgid "B<'profile=N'>"
1012 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:346
1014 "It is possible to enable a kernel profiling function, if one wishes to find "
1015 "out where the kernel is spending its CPU cycles. Profiling is enabled by "
1016 "setting the variable I<prof_shift> to a nonzero value. This is done either "
1017 "by specifying B<CONFIG_PROFILE> at compile time, or by giving the 'profile=' "
1018 "option. Now the value that I<prof_shift> gets will be N, when given, or "
1019 "B<CONFIG_PROFILE_SHIFT>, when that is given, or 2, the default. The "
1020 "significance of this variable is that it gives the granularity of the "
1021 "profiling: each clock tick, if the system was executing kernel code, a "
1022 "counter is incremented:"
1026 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:348
1027 msgid "profile[address E<gt>E<gt> prof_shift]++;"
1031 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:355
1033 "The raw profiling information can be read from I</proc/profile>. Probably "
1034 "you'll want to use a tool such as readprofile.c to digest it. Writing to "
1035 "I</proc/profile> will clear the counters."
1039 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:355
1041 msgid "B<'swap=N1,N2,N3,N4,N5,N6,N7,N8'>"
1045 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:361
1047 "Set the eight parameters max_page_age, page_advance, page_decline, "
1048 "page_initial_age, age_cluster_fract, age_cluster_min, pageout_weight, "
1049 "bufferout_weight that control the kernel swap algorithm. For kernel tuners "
1054 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:361
1056 msgid "B<'buff=N1,N2,N3,N4,N5,N6'>"
1060 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:367
1062 "Set the six parameters max_buff_age, buff_advance, buff_decline, "
1063 "buff_initial_age, bufferout_weight, buffermem_grace that control kernel "
1064 "buffer memory management. For kernel tuners only."
1068 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:367
1070 msgid "Boot Arguments for Ramdisk Use"
1074 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:378
1076 "(Only if the kernel was compiled with B<CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM>.) In general it "
1077 "is a bad idea to use a ramdisk under Linux\\(emthe system will use available "
1078 "memory more efficiently itself. But while booting (or while constructing "
1079 "boot floppies) it is often useful to load the floppy contents into a "
1080 "ramdisk. One might also have a system in which first some modules (for file "
1081 "system or hardware) must be loaded before the main disk can be accessed."
1085 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:390
1087 "In Linux 1.3.48, ramdisk handling was changed drastically. Earlier, the "
1088 "memory was allocated statically, and there was a 'ramdisk=N' parameter to "
1089 "tell its size. (This could also be set in the kernel image at compile time, "
1090 "or by use of B<rdev>(8).) These days ram disks use the buffer cache, and "
1091 "grow dynamically. For a lot of information (e.g., how to use B<rdev>(8) in "
1092 "conjunction with the new ramdisk setup), see "
1093 "I</usr/src/linux/Documentation/ramdisk.txt>."
1097 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:392
1098 msgid "There are four parameters, two boolean and two integral."
1102 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:392
1104 msgid "B<'load_ramdisk=N'>"
1108 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:397
1110 "If N=1, do load a ramdisk. If N=0, do not load a ramdisk. (This is the "
1115 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:397
1117 msgid "B<'prompt_ramdisk=N'>"
1121 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:403
1123 "If N=1, do prompt for insertion of the floppy. (This is the default.) If "
1124 "N=0, do not prompt. (Thus, this parameter is never needed.)"
1128 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:403
1130 msgid "B<'ramdisk_size=N'> or (obsolete) B<'ramdisk=N'>"
1134 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:407
1135 msgid "Set the maximal size of the ramdisk(s) to N kB. The default is 4096 (4 MB)."
1139 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:407
1141 msgid "B<'ramdisk_start=N'>"
1145 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:412
1147 "Sets the starting block number (the offset on the floppy where the ramdisk "
1148 "starts) to N. This is needed in case the ramdisk follows a kernel image."
1152 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:412
1154 msgid "B<'noinitrd'>"
1158 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:425
1160 "(Only if the kernel was compiled with B<CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM> and "
1161 "B<CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD>.) These days it is possible to compile the kernel "
1162 "to use initrd. When this feature is enabled, the boot process will load the "
1163 "kernel and an initial ramdisk; then the kernel converts initrd into a "
1164 "\"normal\" ramdisk, which is mounted read-write as root device; then "
1165 "/linuxrc is executed; afterward the \"real\" root file system is mounted, "
1166 "and the initrd file system is moved over to /initrd; finally the usual boot "
1167 "sequence (e.g., invocation of /sbin/init) is performed."
1171 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:428
1173 "For a detailed description of the initrd feature, see "
1174 "I</usr/src/linux/Documentation/initrd.txt>."
1178 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:436
1180 "The 'noinitrd' option tells the kernel that although it was compiled for "
1181 "operation with initrd, it should not go through the above steps, but leave "
1182 "the initrd data under I</dev/initrd>. (This device can be used only once: "
1183 "the data is freed as soon as the last process that used it has closed "
1188 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:436
1190 msgid "Boot Arguments for SCSI Devices"
1194 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:438
1195 msgid "General notation for this section:"
1199 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:443
1201 "I<iobase> -- the first I/O port that the SCSI host occupies. These are "
1202 "specified in hexadecimal notation, and usually lie in the range from 0x200 "
1207 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:451
1209 "I<irq> -- the hardware interrupt that the card is configured to use. Valid "
1210 "values will be dependent on the card in question, but will usually be 5, 7, "
1211 "9, 10, 11, 12, and 15. The other values are usually used for common "
1212 "peripherals like IDE hard disks, floppies, serial ports, etc."
1216 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:459
1218 "I<scsi-id> -- the ID that the host adapter uses to identify itself on the "
1219 "SCSI bus. Only some host adapters allow you to change this value, as most "
1220 "have it permanently specified internally. The usual default value is 7, but "
1221 "the Seagate and Future Domain TMC-950 boards use 6."
1225 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:467
1227 "I<parity> -- whether the SCSI host adapter expects the attached devices to "
1228 "supply a parity value with all information exchanges. Specifying a one "
1229 "indicates parity checking is enabled, and a zero disables parity checking. "
1230 "Again, not all adapters will support selection of parity behavior as a boot "
1235 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:467
1237 msgid "B<'max_scsi_luns=...'>"
1241 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:478
1243 "A SCSI device can have a number of 'subdevices' contained within itself. "
1244 "The most common example is one of the new SCSI CD-ROMs that handle more than "
1245 "one disk at a time. Each CD is addressed as a \\&'Logical Unit Number' "
1246 "(LUN) of that particular device. But most devices, such as hard disks, tape "
1247 "drives and such are only one device, and will be assigned to LUN zero."
1251 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:484
1253 "Some poorly designed SCSI devices cannot handle being probed for LUNs not "
1254 "equal to zero. Therefore, if the compile-time flag B<CONFIG_SCSI_MULTI_LUN> "
1255 "is not set, newer kernels will by default only probe LUN zero."
1259 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:490
1261 "To specify the number of probed LUNs at boot, one enters "
1262 "\\&'max_scsi_luns=n' as a boot arg, where n is a number between one and "
1263 "eight. To avoid problems as described above, one would use n=1 to avoid "
1264 "upsetting such broken devices."
1268 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:490
1270 msgid "B<SCSI tape configuration>"
1274 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:494
1276 "Some boot time configuration of the SCSI tape driver can be achieved by "
1277 "using the following:"
1281 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:496
1282 msgid "B<st=>I<buf_size[,write_threshold[,max_bufs]]>"
1286 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:509
1288 "The first two numbers are specified in units of kB. The default I<buf_size> "
1289 "is 32kB, and the maximum size that can be specified is a ridiculous "
1290 "16384kB. The I<write_threshold> is the value at which the buffer is "
1291 "committed to tape, with a default value of 30kB. The maximum number of "
1292 "buffers varies with the number of drives detected, and has a default of "
1293 "two. An example usage would be:"
1297 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:511
1302 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:517
1304 "Full details can be found in the file I<Documentation/scsi/st.txt> (or "
1305 "I<drivers/scsi/README.st> for older kernels) in the kernel source."
1309 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:517
1311 msgid "B<Adaptec aha151x, aha152x, aic6260, aic6360, SB16-SCSI configuration>"
1315 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:521
1317 "The aha numbers refer to cards and the aic numbers refer to the actual SCSI "
1318 "chip on these type of cards, including the Soundblaster-16 SCSI."
1322 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:526
1324 "The probe code for these SCSI hosts looks for an installed BIOS, and if none "
1325 "is present, the probe will not find your card. Then you will have to use a "
1326 "boot arg of the form:"
1330 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:528
1331 msgid "B<aha152x=>I<iobase[,irq[,scsi-id[,reconnect[,parity]]]]>"
1335 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:531
1337 "If the driver was compiled with debugging enabled, a sixth value can be "
1338 "specified to set the debug level."
1342 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:537
1344 "All the parameters are as described at the top of this section, and the "
1345 "I<reconnect> value will allow device disconnect/reconnect if a nonzero value "
1346 "is used. An example usage is as follows:"
1350 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:539
1351 msgid "aha152x=0x340,11,7,1"
1355 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:543
1357 "Note that the parameters must be specified in order, meaning that if you "
1358 "want to specify a parity setting, then you will have to specify an iobase, "
1359 "irq, scsi-id and reconnect value as well."
1363 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:543
1365 msgid "B<Adaptec aha154x configuration>"
1369 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:551
1371 "The aha1542 series cards have an i82077 floppy controller onboard, while the "
1372 "aha1540 series cards do not. These are busmastering cards, and have "
1373 "parameters to set the \"fairness\" that is used to share the bus with other "
1374 "devices. The boot arg looks like the following."
1378 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:553
1379 msgid "B<aha1542=>I<iobase[,buson,busoff[,dmaspeed]]>"
1383 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:557
1385 "Valid iobase values are usually one of: 0x130, 0x134, 0x230, 0x234, 0x330, "
1386 "0x334. Clone cards may permit other values."
1390 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:565
1392 "The I<buson>, I<busoff> values refer to the number of microseconds that the "
1393 "card dominates the ISA bus. The defaults are 11us on, and 4us off, so that "
1394 "other cards (such as an ISA LANCE Ethernet card) have a chance to get access "
1399 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:576
1401 "The I<dmaspeed> value refers to the rate (in MB/s) at which the DMA (Direct "
1402 "Memory Access) transfers proceed. The default is 5MB/s. Newer revision "
1403 "cards allow you to select this value as part of the soft-configuration, "
1404 "older cards use jumpers. You can use values up to 10MB/s assuming that your "
1405 "motherboard is capable of handling it. Experiment with caution if using "
1406 "values over 5MB/s."
1410 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:576
1412 msgid "B<Adaptec aha274x, aha284x, aic7xxx configuration>"
1416 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:579
1417 msgid "These boards can accept an argument of the form:"
1421 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:581
1422 msgid "B<aic7xxx=>I<extended,no_reset>"
1426 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:590
1428 "The I<extended> value, if nonzero, indicates that extended translation for "
1429 "large disks is enabled. The I<no_reset> value, if nonzero, tells the driver "
1430 "not to reset the SCSI bus when setting up the host adapter at boot."
1434 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:590
1436 msgid "B<AdvanSys SCSI Hosts configuration ('advansys=')>"
1440 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:603
1442 "The AdvanSys driver can accept up to four i/o addresses that will be probed "
1443 "for an AdvanSys SCSI card. Note that these values (if used) do not effect "
1444 "EISA or PCI probing in any way. They are only used for probing ISA and VLB "
1445 "cards. In addition, if the driver has been compiled with debugging enabled, "
1446 "the level of debugging output can be set by adding an 0xdeb[0-f] parameter. "
1447 "The 0-f allows setting the level of the debugging messages to any of 16 "
1448 "levels of verbosity."
1452 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:603
1458 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:607
1459 msgid "B<AM53C974=>I<host-scsi-id,target-scsi-id,max-rate,max-offset>"
1463 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:607
1465 msgid "B<BusLogic SCSI Hosts configuration ('BusLogic=')>"
1469 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:611
1470 msgid "B<BusLogic=>I<N1,N2,N3,N4,N5,S1,S2,...>"
1474 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:618
1476 "For an extensive discussion of the BusLogic command line parameters, see "
1477 "I</usr/src/linux/drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c> (lines 3149-3270 in the kernel "
1478 "version I am looking at). The text below is a very much abbreviated "
1483 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:630
1485 "The parameters N1-N5 are integers. The parameters S1,... are strings. N1 "
1486 "is the I/O Address at which the Host Adapter is located. N2 is the Tagged "
1487 "Queue Depth to use for Target Devices that support Tagged Queuing. N3 is "
1488 "the Bus Settle Time in seconds. This is the amount of time to wait between "
1489 "a Host Adapter Hard Reset which initiates a SCSI Bus Reset and issuing any "
1490 "SCSI Commands. N4 is the Local Options (for one Host Adapter). N5 is the "
1491 "Global Options (for all Host Adapters)."
1495 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:636
1497 "The string options are used to provide control over Tagged Queuing "
1498 "(TQ:Default, TQ:Enable, TQ:Disable, TQ:E<lt>Per-Target-SpecE<gt>), over "
1499 "Error Recovery (ER:Default, ER:HardReset, ER:BusDeviceReset, ER:None, "
1500 "ER:E<lt>Per-Target-SpecE<gt>), and over Host Adapter Probing (NoProbe, "
1501 "NoProbeISA, NoSortPCI)."
1505 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:636
1507 msgid "B<EATA/DMA configuration>"
1511 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:639 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:746
1512 msgid "The default list of i/o ports to be probed can be changed by"
1516 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:641 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:748
1517 msgid "B<eata=>I<iobase,iobase,...>B<.>"
1521 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:641
1523 msgid "B<Future Domain TMC-16x0 configuration>"
1527 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:645
1528 msgid "B<fdomain=>I<iobase,irq[,adapter_id]>"
1532 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:645
1534 msgid "B<Great Valley Products (GVP) SCSI controller configuration>"
1538 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:649
1539 msgid "B<gvp11=>I<dma_transfer_bitmask>"
1543 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:649
1545 msgid "B<Future Domain TMC-8xx, TMC-950 configuration>"
1549 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:653
1550 msgid "B<tmc8xx=>I<mem_base,irq>"
1554 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:660 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:733
1556 "The I<mem_base> value is the value of the memory mapped I/O region that the "
1557 "card uses. This will usually be one of the following values: 0xc8000, "
1558 "0xca000, 0xcc000, 0xce000, 0xdc000, 0xde000."
1562 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:660
1564 msgid "B<IN2000 configuration>"
1568 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:664
1569 msgid "B<in2000=>I<S>"
1573 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:671
1575 "where S is a comma-separated string of items keyword[:value]. Recognized "
1576 "keywords (possibly with value) are: ioport:addr, noreset, nosync:x, "
1577 "period:ns, disconnect:x, debug:x, proc:x. For the function of these "
1578 "parameters, see I</usr/src/linux/drivers/scsi/in2000.c>."
1582 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:671
1584 msgid "B<NCR5380 and NCR53C400 configuration>"
1588 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:674
1589 msgid "The boot arg is of the form"
1593 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:676
1594 msgid "B<ncr5380=>I<iobase,irq,dma>"
1598 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:678
1603 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:680
1604 msgid "B<ncr53c400=>I<iobase,irq>"
1608 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:689
1610 "If the card doesn't use interrupts, then an IRQ value of 255 (0xff) will "
1611 "disable interrupts. An IRQ value of 254 means to autoprobe. More details "
1612 "can be found in the file I<Documentation/scsi/g_NCR5380.txt> (or "
1613 "I<drivers/scsi/README.g_NCR5380> for older kernels) in the kernel source."
1617 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:689
1619 msgid "B<NCR53C8xx configuration>"
1623 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:693
1624 msgid "B<ncr53c8xx=>I<S>"
1628 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:701
1630 "where S is a comma-separated string of items keyword:value. Recognized "
1631 "keywords are: mpar (master_parity), spar (scsi_parity), disc "
1632 "(disconnection), specf (special_features), ultra (ultra_scsi), fsn "
1633 "(force_sync_nego), tags (default_tags), sync (default_sync), verb (verbose), "
1634 "debug (debug), burst (burst_max). For the function of the assigned values, "
1635 "see I</usr/src/linux/drivers/scsi/ncr53c8xx.c>."
1639 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:701
1641 msgid "B<NCR53c406a configuration>"
1645 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:705
1646 msgid "B<ncr53c406a=>I<iobase[,irq[,fastpio]]>"
1650 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:708
1652 "Specify irq = 0 for noninterrupt driven mode. Set fastpio = 1 for fast pio "
1653 "mode, 0 for slow mode."
1657 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:708
1659 msgid "B<Pro Audio Spectrum configuration>"
1663 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:713
1665 "The PAS16 uses a NC5380 SCSI chip, and newer models support jumperless "
1666 "configuration. The boot arg is of the form:"
1670 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:715
1671 msgid "B<pas16=>I<iobase,irq>"
1675 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:720
1677 "The only difference is that you can specify an IRQ value of 255, which will "
1678 "tell the driver to work without using interrupts, albeit at a performance "
1679 "loss. The iobase is usually 0x388."
1683 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:720
1685 msgid "B<Seagate ST-0x configuration>"
1689 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:724
1691 "If your card is not detected at boot time, you will then have to use a boot "
1696 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:726
1697 msgid "B<st0x=>I<mem_base,irq>"
1701 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:733
1703 msgid "B<Trantor T128 configuration>"
1707 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:737
1709 "These cards are also based on the NCR5380 chip, and accept the following "
1714 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:739
1715 msgid "B<t128=>I<mem_base,irq>"
1719 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:743
1721 "The valid values for I<mem_base> are as follows: 0xcc000, 0xc8000, 0xdc000, "
1726 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:743
1728 msgid "B<UltraStor 14F/34F configuration>"
1732 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:748
1734 msgid "B<WD7000 configuration>"
1738 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:752
1739 msgid "B<wd7000=>I<irq,dma,iobase>"
1743 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:752
1745 msgid "B<Commodore Amiga A2091/590 SCSI controller configuration>"
1749 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:756
1750 msgid "B<wd33c93=>I<S>"
1754 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:763
1756 "where S is a comma-separated string of options. Recognized options are "
1757 "nosync:bitmask, nodma:x, period:ns, disconnect:x, debug:x, clock:x, next. "
1758 "For details, see I</usr/src/linux/drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c>."
1762 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:763
1768 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:764
1770 msgid "B<IDE Disk/CD-ROM Driver Parameters>"
1774 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:769
1776 "The IDE driver accepts a number of parameters, which range from disk "
1777 "geometry specifications, to support for broken controller chips. "
1778 "Drive-specific options are specified by using 'hdX=' with X in 'a'-'h'."
1782 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:773
1784 "Non-drive-specific options are specified with the prefix 'hd='. Note that "
1785 "using a drive-specific prefix for a non-drive-specific option will still "
1786 "work, and the option will just be applied as expected."
1790 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:783
1792 "Also note that 'hd=' can be used to refer to the next unspecified drive in "
1793 "the (a, ..., h) sequence. For the following discussions, the 'hd=' option "
1794 "will be cited for brevity. See the file I<Documentation/ide.txt> (or "
1795 "I<drivers/block/README.ide> for older kernels) in the kernel source for more "
1800 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:783
1802 msgid "B<The 'hd=cyls,heads,sects[,wpcom[,irq]]' options>"
1806 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:794
1808 "These options are used to specify the physical geometry of the disk. Only "
1809 "the first three values are required. The cylinder/head/sectors values will "
1810 "be those used by fdisk. The write precompensation value is ignored for IDE "
1811 "disks. The IRQ value specified will be the IRQ used for the interface that "
1812 "the drive resides on, and is not really a drive-specific parameter."
1816 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:794
1818 msgid "B<The 'hd=serialize' option>"
1822 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:802
1824 "The dual IDE interface CMD-640 chip is broken as designed such that when "
1825 "drives on the secondary interface are used at the same time as drives on the "
1826 "primary interface, it will corrupt your data. Using this option tells the "
1827 "driver to make sure that both interfaces are never used at the same time."
1831 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:802
1833 msgid "B<The 'hd=dtc2278' option>"
1837 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:807
1839 "This option tells the driver that you have a DTC-2278D IDE interface. The "
1840 "driver then tries to do DTC-specific operations to enable the second "
1841 "interface and to enable faster transfer modes."
1845 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:807
1847 msgid "B<The 'hd=noprobe' option>"
1851 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:811
1852 msgid "Do not probe for this drive. For example,"
1856 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:813
1857 msgid "hdb=noprobe hdb=1166,7,17"
1861 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:817
1863 "would disable the probe, but still specify the drive geometry so that it "
1864 "would be registered as a valid block device, and hence usable."
1868 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:817
1870 msgid "B<The 'hd=nowerr' option>"
1874 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:823
1876 "Some drives apparently have the B<WRERR_STAT> bit stuck on permanently. "
1877 "This enables a work-around for these broken devices."
1881 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:823
1883 msgid "B<The 'hd=cdrom' option>"
1887 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:829
1889 "This tells the IDE driver that there is an ATAPI compatible CD-ROM attached "
1890 "in place of a normal IDE hard disk. In most cases the CD-ROM is identified "
1891 "automatically, but if it isn't then this may help."
1895 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:829
1897 msgid "B<Standard ST-506 Disk Driver Options ('hd=')>"
1901 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:838
1903 "The standard disk driver can accept geometry arguments for the disks similar "
1904 "to the IDE driver. Note however that it only expects three values (C/H/S); "
1905 "any more or any less and it will silently ignore you. Also, it only accepts "
1906 "'hd=' as an argument, that is, 'hda=' and so on are not valid here. The "
1907 "format is as follows:"
1911 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:840
1912 msgid "hd=cyls,heads,sects"
1916 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:843
1918 "If there are two disks installed, the above is repeated with the geometry "
1919 "parameters of the second disk."
1923 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:843
1925 msgid "B<XT Disk Driver Options ('xd=')>"
1929 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:848
1931 "If you are unfortunate enough to be using one of these old 8 bit cards that "
1932 "move data at a whopping 125kB/s then here is the scoop. If the card is not "
1933 "recognized, you will have to use a boot arg of the form:"
1937 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:850
1938 msgid "xd=type,irq,iobase,dma_chan"
1941 #. 1.1.50, 1.3.81, 1.3.99, 2.0.34, 2.1.67, 2.1.78, 2.1.127
1943 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:866
1945 "The type value specifies the particular manufacturer of the card, overriding "
1946 "autodetection. For the types to use, consult the I<drivers/block/xd.c> "
1947 "source file of the kernel you are using. The type is an index in the list "
1948 "I<xd_sigs> and in the course of time types have been added to or deleted "
1949 "from the middle of the list, changing all type numbers. Today (Linux 2.5.0) "
1950 "the types are 0=generic; 1=DTC 5150cx; 2,3=DTC 5150x; 4,5=Western Digital; "
1951 "6,7,8=Seagate; 9=Omti; 10=XEBEC, and where here several types are given with "
1952 "the same designation, they are equivalent."
1956 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:873
1958 "The xd_setup() function does no checking on the values, and assumes that you "
1959 "entered all four values. Don't disappoint it. Here is an example usage for "
1960 "a WD1002 controller with the BIOS disabled/removed, using the 'default' XT "
1961 "controller parameters:"
1965 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:875
1966 msgid "xd=2,5,0x320,3"
1970 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:875
1972 msgid "B<Syquest's EZ* removable disks>"
1976 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:879
1977 msgid "B<ez=>I<iobase[,irq[,rep[,nybble]]]>"
1981 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:879
1983 msgid "IBM MCA Bus Devices"
1987 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:882
1988 msgid "See also I</usr/src/linux/Documentation/mca.txt>."
1992 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:882
1994 msgid "B<PS/2 ESDI hard disks>"
1998 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:885
1999 msgid "It is possible to specify the desired geometry at boot time:"
2003 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:887
2004 msgid "B<ed=>I<cyls,heads,sectors.>"
2008 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:889
2009 msgid "For a ThinkPad-720, add the option"
2013 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:891
2018 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:891
2020 msgid "B<IBM Microchannel SCSI Subsystem configuration>"
2024 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:895
2025 msgid "B<ibmmcascsi=>I<N>"
2029 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:897
2030 msgid "where N is the I<pun> (SCSI ID) of the subsystem."
2034 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:897
2036 msgid "B<The Aztech Interface>"
2040 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:900 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:985 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:990 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1001 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1006
2041 msgid "The syntax for this type of card is:"
2045 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:902
2046 msgid "aztcd=iobase[,magic_number]"
2050 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:907
2052 "If you set the magic_number to 0x79 then the driver will try and run anyway "
2053 "in the event of an unknown firmware version. All other values are ignored."
2057 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:907
2059 msgid "B<Parallel port CD-ROM drives>"
2063 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:910 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:955 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1152 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1160 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1170 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1180 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1213 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1230 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1242 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1266
2068 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:912
2069 msgid "pcd.driveN=prt,pro,uni,mod,slv,dly"
2073 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:914
2074 msgid "pcd.nice=nice"
2078 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:921
2080 "where 'port' is the base address, 'pro' is the protocol number, 'uni' is the "
2081 "unit selector (for chained devices), 'mod' is the mode (or -1 to choose the "
2082 "best automatically), 'slv' is 1 if it should be a slave, and 'dly' is a "
2083 "small integer for slowing down port accesses. The 'nice' parameter controls "
2084 "the driver's use of idle CPU time, at the expense of some speed."
2088 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:921
2090 msgid "B<The CDU-31A and CDU-33A Sony Interface>"
2094 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:926
2096 "This CD-ROM interface is found on some of the Pro Audio Spectrum sound "
2097 "cards, and other Sony supplied interface cards. The syntax is as follows:"
2101 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:928
2102 msgid "cdu31a=iobase,[irq[,is_pas_card]]"
2106 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:934
2108 "Specifying an IRQ value of zero tells the driver that hardware interrupts "
2109 "aren't supported (as on some PAS cards). If your card supports interrupts, "
2110 "you should use them as it cuts down on the CPU usage of the driver."
2114 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:939
2116 "The I<is_pas_card> should be entered as 'PAS' if using a Pro Audio Spectrum "
2117 "card, and otherwise it should not be specified at all."
2121 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:939
2123 msgid "B<The CDU-535 Sony Interface>"
2127 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:942 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:950 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:966
2128 msgid "The syntax for this CD-ROM interface is:"
2132 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:944
2133 msgid "sonycd535=iobase[,irq]"
2137 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:947
2139 "A zero can be used for the I/O base as a 'placeholder' if one wishes to "
2140 "specify an IRQ value."
2144 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:947
2146 msgid "B<The GoldStar Interface>"
2150 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:952
2155 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:952
2157 msgid "B<The ISP16 CD-ROM Interface>"
2161 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:957
2162 msgid "isp16=[iobase[,irq[,dma[,type]]]]"
2166 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:963
2168 "(three integers and a string). If the type is given as 'noisp16', the "
2169 "interface will not be configured. Other recognized types are: 'Sanyo\", "
2170 "'Sony', 'Panasonic' and 'Mitsumi'."
2174 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:963
2176 msgid "B<The Mitsumi Standard Interface>"
2180 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:968
2181 msgid "mcd=iobase,[irq[,wait_value]]"
2185 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:976
2187 "The I<wait_value> is used as an internal timeout value for people who are "
2188 "having problems with their drive, and may or may not be implemented "
2189 "depending on a compile-time #define. The Mitsumi FX400 is an IDE/ATAPI "
2190 "CD-ROM player and does not use the mcd driver."
2194 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:976
2196 msgid "B<The Mitsumi XA/MultiSession Interface>"
2200 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:980
2202 "This is for the same hardware as above, but the driver has extended "
2207 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:982
2208 msgid "mcdx=iobase[,irq]"
2212 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:982
2214 msgid "B<The Optics Storage Interface>"
2218 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:987
2219 msgid "optcd=iobase"
2223 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:987
2225 msgid "B<The Phillips CM206 Interface>"
2229 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:992
2230 msgid "cm206=[iobase][,irq]"
2234 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:998
2236 "The driver assumes numbers between 3 and 11 are IRQ values, and numbers "
2237 "between 0x300 and 0x370 are I/O ports, so you can specify one, or both "
2238 "numbers, in any order. It also accepts 'cm206=auto' to enable autoprobing."
2242 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:998
2244 msgid "B<The Sanyo Interface>"
2248 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1003
2249 msgid "sjcd=iobase[,irq[,dma_channel]]"
2253 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1003
2255 msgid "B<The SoundBlaster Pro Interface>"
2259 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1008
2260 msgid "sbpcd=iobase,type"
2264 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1013
2266 "where type is one of the following (case sensitive) strings: "
2267 "\\&'SoundBlaster', 'LaserMate', or 'SPEA'. The I/O base is that of the "
2268 "CD-ROM interface, and not that of the sound portion of the card."
2272 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1013
2274 msgid "Ethernet Devices"
2278 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1017
2280 "Different drivers make use of different parameters, but they all at least "
2281 "share having an IRQ, an I/O port base value, and a name. In its most "
2282 "generic form, it looks something like this:"
2286 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1019
2287 msgid "ether=irq,iobase[,param_1[,...param_8]],name"
2291 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1026
2293 "The first nonnumeric argument is taken as the name. The param_n values (if "
2294 "applicable) usually have different meanings for each different card/driver. "
2295 "Typical param_n values are used to specify things like shared memory "
2296 "address, interface selection, DMA channel and the like."
2300 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1030
2302 "The most common use of this parameter is to force probing for a second "
2303 "ethercard, as the default is to only probe for one. This can be "
2304 "accomplished with a simple:"
2308 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1032
2309 msgid "ether=0,0,eth1"
2313 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1035
2315 "Note that the values of zero for the IRQ and I/O base in the above example "
2316 "tell the driver(s) to autoprobe."
2320 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1041
2322 "The Ethernet-HowTo has extensive documentation on using multiple cards and "
2323 "on the card/driver-specific implementation of the param_n values where "
2324 "used. Interested readers should refer to the section in that document on "
2325 "their particular card."
2329 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1041
2331 msgid "The Floppy Disk Driver"
2335 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1049
2337 "There are many floppy driver options, and they are all listed in "
2338 "I<Documentation/floppy.txt> (or I<drivers/block/README.fd> for older "
2339 "kernels) in the kernel source. This information is taken directly from that "
2344 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1049
2346 msgid "B<floppy=mask,allowed_drive_mask>"
2350 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1059
2352 "Sets the bit mask of allowed drives to mask. By default, only units 0 and 1 "
2353 "of each floppy controller are allowed. This is done because certain "
2354 "nonstandard hardware (ASUS PCI motherboards) mess up the keyboard when "
2355 "accessing units 2 or 3. This option is somewhat obsoleted by the cmos "
2360 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1059
2362 msgid "B<floppy=all_drives>"
2366 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1064
2368 "Sets the bit mask of allowed drives to all drives. Use this if you have "
2369 "more than two drives connected to a floppy controller."
2373 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1064
2375 msgid "B<floppy=asus_pci>"
2379 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1068
2380 msgid "Sets the bit mask to allow only units 0 and 1. (The default)"
2384 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1068
2386 msgid "B<floppy=daring>"
2390 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1075
2392 "Tells the floppy driver that you have a well behaved floppy controller. "
2393 "This allows more efficient and smoother operation, but may fail on certain "
2394 "controllers. This may speed up certain operations."
2398 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1075
2400 msgid "B<floppy=0,daring>"
2404 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1079
2406 "Tells the floppy driver that your floppy controller should be used with "
2411 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1079
2413 msgid "B<floppy=one_fdc>"
2417 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1082
2418 msgid "Tells the floppy driver that you have only floppy controller (default)"
2422 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1082
2424 msgid "B<floppy=two_fdc> or B<floppy=address,two_fdc>"
2428 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1088
2430 "Tells the floppy driver that you have two floppy controllers. The second "
2431 "floppy controller is assumed to be at address. If address is not given, "
2436 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1088
2438 msgid "B<floppy=thinkpad>"
2442 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1093
2444 "Tells the floppy driver that you have a Thinkpad. Thinkpads use an inverted "
2445 "convention for the disk change line."
2449 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1093
2451 msgid "B<floppy=0,thinkpad>"
2455 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1096
2456 msgid "Tells the floppy driver that you don't have a Thinkpad."
2460 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1096
2462 msgid "B<floppy=drive,type,cmos>"
2466 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1107
2468 "Sets the cmos type of drive to type. Additionally, this drive is allowed in "
2469 "the bit mask. This is useful if you have more than two floppy drives (only "
2470 "two can be described in the physical cmos), or if your BIOS uses nonstandard "
2471 "CMOS types. Setting the CMOS to 0 for the first two drives (default) makes "
2472 "the floppy driver read the physical cmos for those drives."
2476 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1107
2478 msgid "B<floppy=unexpected_interrupts>"
2482 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1111
2484 "Print a warning message when an unexpected interrupt is received (default "
2489 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1111
2491 msgid "B<floppy=no_unexpected_interrupts> or B<floppy=L40SX>"
2495 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1119
2497 "Don't print a message when an unexpected interrupt is received. This is "
2498 "needed on IBM L40SX laptops in certain video modes. (There seems to be an "
2499 "interaction between video and floppy. The unexpected interrupts only affect "
2500 "performance, and can safely be ignored.)"
2504 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1119
2506 msgid "The Sound Driver"
2510 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1129
2512 "The sound driver can also accept boot args to override the compiled in "
2513 "values. This is not recommended, as it is rather complex. It is described "
2514 "in the kernel source file I<Documentation/sound/oss/README.OSS> "
2515 "(I<drivers/sound/Readme.linux> in older kernel versions). It accepts a boot "
2520 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1131
2521 msgid "sound=device1[,device2[,device3...[,device10]]]"
2525 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1134
2527 "where each deviceN value is of the following format 0xTaaaId and the bytes "
2528 "are used as follows:"
2532 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1137
2533 msgid "T - device type: 1=FM, 2=SB, 3=PAS, 4=GUS, 5=MPU401, 6=SB16, 7=SB16-MPU401"
2537 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1139
2538 msgid "aaa - I/O address in hex."
2542 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1141
2543 msgid "I - interrupt line in hex (i.e 10=a, 11=b, ...)"
2547 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1143
2548 msgid "d - DMA channel."
2552 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1148
2554 "As you can see it gets pretty messy, and you are better off to compile in "
2555 "your own personal values as recommended. Using a boot arg of \\&'sound=0' "
2556 "will disable the sound driver entirely."
2560 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1148
2562 msgid "ISDN Drivers"
2566 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1149
2568 msgid "B<The ICN ISDN driver>"
2572 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1154
2573 msgid "icn=iobase,membase,icn_id1,icn_id2"
2577 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1157
2579 "where icn_id1,icn_id2 are two strings used to identify the card in kernel "
2584 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1157
2586 msgid "B<The PCBIT ISDN driver>"
2590 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1162
2591 msgid "pcbit=membase1,irq1[,membase2,irq2]"
2595 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1167
2597 "where membaseN is the shared memory base of the N'th card, and irqN is the "
2598 "interrupt setting of the N'th card. The default is IRQ 5 and membase "
2603 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1167
2605 msgid "B<The Teles ISDN driver>"
2609 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1172
2610 msgid "teles=iobase,irq,membase,protocol,teles_id"
2614 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1176
2616 "where iobase is the i/o port address of the card, membase is the shared "
2617 "memory base address of the card, irq is the interrupt channel the card uses, "
2618 "and teles_id is the unique ASCII string identifier."
2622 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1176
2624 msgid "Serial Port Drivers"
2628 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1177
2630 msgid "B<The RISCom/8 Multiport Serial Driver ('riscom8=')>"
2634 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1182
2635 msgid "riscom=iobase1[,iobase2[,iobase3[,iobase4]]]"
2639 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1185
2640 msgid "More details can be found in I</usr/src/linux/Documentation/riscom8.txt>."
2644 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1185
2646 msgid "B<The DigiBoard Driver ('digi=')>"
2650 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1189
2651 msgid "If this option is used, it should have precisely six parameters. Syntax:"
2655 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1191
2656 msgid "digi=status,type,altpin,numports,iobase,membase"
2660 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1203
2662 "The parameters maybe given as integers, or as strings. If strings are used, "
2663 "then iobase and membase should be given in hexadecimal. The integer "
2664 "arguments (fewer may be given) are in order: status (Enable(1) or Disable(0) "
2665 "this card), type (PC/Xi(0), PC/Xe(1), PC/Xeve(2), PC/Xem(3)), altpin "
2666 "(Enable(1) or Disable(0) alternate pin arrangement), numports (number of "
2667 "ports on this card), iobase (I/O Port where card is configured (in HEX)), "
2668 "membase (base of memory window (in HEX)). Thus, the following two boot "
2669 "prompt arguments are equivalent:"
2673 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1205
2674 msgid "digi=E,PC/Xi,D,16,200,D0000"
2678 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1207
2679 msgid "digi=1,0,0,16,0x200,851968"
2683 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1210
2684 msgid "More details can be found in I</usr/src/linux/Documentation/digiboard.txt>."
2688 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1210
2690 msgid "B<The Baycom Serial/Parallel Radio Modem>"
2694 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1215
2695 msgid "baycom=iobase,irq,modem"
2699 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1227
2701 "There are precisely 3 parameters; for several cards, give several 'baycom=' "
2702 "commands. The modem parameter is a string that can take one of the values "
2703 "ser12, ser12*, par96, par96*. Here the * denotes that software DCD is to be "
2704 "used, and ser12/par96 chooses between the supported modem types. For more "
2705 "details, see the file I<Documentation/networking/baycom.txt> (or "
2706 "I<drivers/net/README.baycom> for older kernels) in the kernel source."
2710 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1227
2712 msgid "B<Soundcard radio modem driver>"
2716 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1232
2717 msgid "soundmodem=iobase,irq,dma[,dma2[,serio[,pario]]],0,mode"
2721 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1238
2723 "All parameters except the last are integers; the dummy 0 is required because "
2724 "of a bug in the setup code. The mode parameter is a string with syntax "
2725 "hw:modem, where hw is one of sbc, wss, wssfdx and modem is one of afsk1200, "
2730 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1238
2732 msgid "The Line Printer Driver"
2736 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1239
2742 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1244
2747 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1246
2752 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1248
2757 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1250
2758 msgid "lp=port[,port...]"
2762 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1256
2764 "You can tell the printer driver what ports to use and what ports not to "
2765 "use. The latter comes in handy if you don't want the printer driver to "
2766 "claim all available parallel ports, so that other drivers (e.g., PLIP, PPA) "
2767 "can use them instead."
2771 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1263
2773 "The format of the argument is multiple port names. For example, "
2774 "lp=none,parport0 would use the first parallel port for lp1, and disable "
2775 "lp0. To disable the printer driver entirely, one can use lp=0."
2779 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1263
2781 msgid "B<WDT500/501 driver>"
2785 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1268
2790 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1268
2792 msgid "Mouse Drivers"
2796 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1269
2798 msgid "B<'bmouse=irq'>"
2802 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1273
2804 "The busmouse driver only accepts one parameter, that being the hardware IRQ "
2809 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1273
2811 msgid "B<'msmouse=irq'>"
2815 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1276
2816 msgid "And precisely the same is true for the msmouse driver."
2820 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1276
2822 msgid "B<ATARI mouse setup>"
2826 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1280
2827 msgid "atamouse=threshold[,y-threshold]"
2831 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1286
2833 "If only one argument is given, it is used for both x-threshold and "
2834 "y-threshold. Otherwise, the first argument is the x-threshold, and the "
2835 "second the y-threshold. These values must lie between 1 and 20 (inclusive); "
2840 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1286
2842 msgid "Video Hardware"
2846 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1287
2848 msgid "B<'no-scroll'>"
2852 #. Linus Torvalds (and many others)
2854 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1296
2856 "This option tells the console driver not to use hardware scroll (where a "
2857 "scroll is effected by moving the screen origin in video memory, instead of "
2858 "moving the data). It is required by certain Braille machines."
2862 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1302
2863 msgid "B<lilo.conf>(5), B<klogd>(8), B<lilo>(8), B<mount>(8), B<rdev>(8)"
2867 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1308
2869 "Large parts of this man page have been derived from the Boot Parameter HOWTO "
2870 "(version 1.0.1) written by Paul Gortmaker. More information may be found in "
2871 "this (or a more recent) HOWTO. An up-to-date source of information is "
2872 "I</usr/src/linux/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt>."
2876 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:25
2882 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:25
2888 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:28
2889 msgid "reboot - reboot or enable/disable Ctrl-Alt-Del"
2893 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:33
2896 "/* For libc4 and libc5 the library call and the system call\n"
2897 " are identical, and since kernel version 2.1.30 there are\n"
2898 " symbolic names LINUX_REBOOT_* for the constants and a\n"
2899 " fourth argument to the call: */\n"
2903 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:35 build/C/man2/reboot.2:45 build/C/man2/sync.2:41
2904 msgid "B<#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>>"
2908 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:37
2909 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/reboot.hE<gt>>"
2913 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:39
2915 "B<int reboot(int >I<magic>B<, int >I<magic2>B<, int >I<cmd>B<, void "
2920 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:43
2923 "/* Under glibc some of the constants involved have gotten\n"
2924 " symbolic names RB_*, and the library call is a 1-argument\n"
2925 " wrapper around the 3-argument system call: */\n"
2929 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:47
2930 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/reboot.hE<gt>>"
2934 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:49
2935 msgid "B<int reboot(int >I<cmd>B<);>"
2939 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:56
2941 "The B<reboot>() call reboots the system, or enables/disables the reboot "
2942 "keystroke (abbreviated CAD, since the default is Ctrl-Alt-Delete; it can be "
2943 "changed using B<loadkeys>(1))."
2947 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:83
2949 "This system call will fail (with B<EINVAL>) unless I<magic> equals "
2950 "B<LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC1> (that is, 0xfee1dead) and I<magic2> equals "
2951 "B<LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2> (that is, 672274793). However, since 2.1.17 also "
2952 "B<LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2A> (that is, 85072278) and since 2.1.97 also "
2953 "B<LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2B> (that is, 369367448) and since 2.5.71 also "
2954 "B<LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2C> (that is, 537993216) are permitted as value for "
2955 "I<magic2>. (The hexadecimal values of these constants are meaningful.) The "
2956 "I<cmd> argument can have the following values:"
2960 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:83
2962 msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_CAD_OFF>"
2966 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:92
2968 "(RB_DISABLE_CAD, 0). CAD is disabled. This means that the CAD keystroke "
2969 "will cause a B<SIGINT> signal to be sent to init (process 1), whereupon this "
2970 "process may decide upon a proper action (maybe: kill all processes, sync, "
2975 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:92
2977 msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_CAD_ON>"
2981 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:99
2983 "(RB_ENABLE_CAD, 0x89abcdef). CAD is enabled. This means that the CAD "
2984 "keystroke will immediately cause the action associated with "
2985 "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART>."
2989 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:99
2991 msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_HALT>"
2995 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:107
2997 "(RB_HALT_SYSTEM, 0xcdef0123; since 1.1.76). The message \"System halted.\" "
2998 "is printed, and the system is halted. Control is given to the ROM monitor, "
2999 "if there is one. If not preceded by a B<sync>(2), data will be lost."
3003 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:107
3005 msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_KEXEC> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
3009 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:113
3011 "Execute a kernel that has been loaded earlier with B<kexec_load>(2). This "
3012 "option is only available if the kernel was configured with B<CONFIG_KEXEC>."
3016 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:113
3018 msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_POWER_OFF>"
3022 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:121
3024 "(0x4321fedc; since 2.1.30). The message \"Power down.\" is printed, the "
3025 "system is stopped, and all power is removed from the system, if possible. "
3026 "If not preceded by a B<sync>(2), data will be lost."
3030 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:121
3032 msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART>"
3036 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:129
3038 "(RB_AUTOBOOT, 0x1234567). The message \"Restarting system.\" is printed, "
3039 "and a default restart is performed immediately. If not preceded by a "
3040 "B<sync>(2), data will be lost."
3044 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:129
3046 msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART2>"
3050 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:139
3052 "(0xa1b2c3d4; since 2.1.30). The message \"Restarting system with command "
3053 "\\(aq%s\\(aq\" is printed, and a restart (using the command string given in "
3054 "I<arg>) is performed immediately. If not preceded by a B<sync>(2), data "
3059 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:142
3060 msgid "Only the superuser may call B<reboot>()."
3064 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:148
3066 "The precise effect of the above actions depends on the architecture. For "
3067 "the i386 architecture, the additional argument does not do anything at "
3068 "present (2.1.122), but the type of reboot can be determined by kernel "
3069 "command-line arguments (\"reboot=...\") to be either warm or cold, and "
3070 "either hard or through the BIOS."
3074 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:161
3076 "For the values of I<cmd> that stop or restart the system, a successful call "
3077 "to B<reboot>() does not return. For the other I<cmd> values, zero is "
3078 "returned on success. In all cases, -1 is returned on failure, and I<errno> "
3079 "is set appropriately."
3083 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:166
3084 msgid "Problem with getting userspace data under B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART2>."
3088 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:169
3089 msgid "Bad magic numbers or I<cmd>."
3093 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:176
3095 "The calling process has insufficient privilege to call B<reboot>(); the "
3096 "B<CAP_SYS_BOOT> capability is required."
3100 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:180
3102 "B<reboot>() is Linux-specific, and should not be used in programs intended "
3107 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:187
3109 "B<sync>(2), B<bootparam>(7), B<capabilities>(7), B<ctrlaltdel>(8), "
3110 "B<halt>(8), B<reboot>(8)"
3114 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:36 build/C/man8/sync.8:6
3120 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:36
3126 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:39
3127 msgid "sync, syncfs - commit buffer cache to disk"
3131 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:43
3132 msgid "B<void sync(void);>"
3136 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:45
3137 msgid "B<void syncfs(int >I<fd>B<);>"
3141 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:49
3142 msgid "Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see B<feature_test_macros>(7)):"
3146 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:52
3151 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:56
3153 "_BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 500 || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ &&\\ "
3154 "_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED"
3158 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:60
3159 msgid "B<syncfs>():"
3163 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:63
3168 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:69
3170 "B<sync>() causes all buffered modifications to file metadata and data to be "
3171 "written to the underlying file systems."
3175 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:76
3177 "B<syncfs>() is like B<sync>(), but synchronizes just the file system "
3178 "containing file referred to by the open file descriptor I<fd>."
3182 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:82
3184 "B<syncfs>() returns 0 on success; on error, it returns -1 and sets I<errno> "
3185 "to indicate the error."
3189 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:85
3190 msgid "B<sync>() is always successful."
3194 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:88
3195 msgid "B<syncfs>() can fail for at least the following reason:"
3199 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:88
3205 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:92
3206 msgid "I<fd> is not a valid file descriptor."
3210 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:92
3216 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:95
3217 msgid "B<syncfs>() first appeared in Linux 2.6.39."
3221 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:98
3222 msgid "B<sync>(): SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001."
3226 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:101
3227 msgid "B<syncfs>() is Linux-specific."
3231 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:101 build/C/man8/sync.8:63
3237 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:110
3239 "Since glibc 2.2.2 the Linux prototype for B<sync>() is as listed above, "
3240 "following the various standards. In libc4, libc5, and glibc up to 2.2.1 it "
3241 "was \"int sync(void)\", and B<sync>() always returned 0."
3245 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:110
3251 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:118
3253 "According to the standard specification (e.g., POSIX.1-2001), B<sync>() "
3254 "schedules the writes, but may return before the actual writing is done. "
3255 "However, since version 1.3.20 Linux does actually wait. (This still does "
3256 "not guarantee data integrity: modern disks have large caches.)"
3260 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:124
3261 msgid "B<bdflush>(2), B<fdatasync>(2), B<fsync>(2), B<sync>(8), B<update>(8)"
3265 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:6
3271 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:6
3277 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:9
3278 msgid "sync - synchronize data on disk with memory"
3282 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:11
3283 msgid "B<sync [--help] [--version]>"
3287 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:22
3289 "B<sync> writes any data buffered in memory out to disk. This can include "
3290 "(but is not limited to) modified superblocks, modified inodes, and delayed "
3291 "reads and writes. This must be implemented by the kernel; The B<sync> "
3292 "program does nothing but exercise the B<sync>(2) system call."
3296 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:29
3298 "The kernel keeps data in memory to avoid doing (relatively slow) disk reads "
3299 "and writes. This improves performance, but if the computer crashes, data "
3300 "may be lost or the file system corrupted as a result. B<sync> ensures that "
3301 "everything in memory is written to disk."
3305 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:48
3307 "B<sync> should be called before the processor is halted in an unusual manner "
3308 "(e.g., before causing a kernel panic when debugging new kernel code). In "
3309 "general, the processor should be halted using the B<shutdown>(8) or "
3310 "B<reboot>(8) or B<halt>(8) commands, which will attempt to put the system "
3311 "in a quiescent state before calling B<sync>(2). (Various implementations of "
3312 "these commands exist; consult your documentation; on some systems one should "
3313 "not call B<reboot>(8) and B<halt>(8) directly.)"
3317 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:48
3323 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:49
3329 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:52
3330 msgid "Print a usage message on standard output and exit successfully."
3334 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:52
3336 msgid "B<--version>"
3340 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:55
3341 msgid "Print version information on standard output, then exit successfully."
3345 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:55
3351 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:58
3352 msgid "Terminate option list."
3356 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:58
3362 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:61
3364 "The variables B<LANG>, B<LC_ALL>, B<LC_CTYPE>, and B<LC_MESSAGES> have the "
3369 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:63
3374 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:75
3376 "On Linux, B<sync> is only guaranteed to schedule the dirty blocks for "
3377 "writing; it can actually take a short time before all the blocks are finally "
3378 "written. The B<reboot>(8) and B<halt>(8) commands take this into account "
3379 "by sleeping for a few seconds after calling B<sync>(2)."
3383 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:80
3385 "This page describes B<sync> as found in the file\\%utils-4.0 package; other "
3386 "versions may differ slightly."
3390 #: build/C/man8/sync.8:85
3391 msgid "B<sync>(2), B<halt>(8), B<reboot>(8), B<update>(8)"
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