1 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
4 # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
9 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
10 "POT-Creation-Date: 2015-01-11 03:52+0900\n"
11 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
12 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
13 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
16 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
17 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
20 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:27
26 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:27 build/C/man2/sync.2:36
32 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:27 build/C/man7/boot.7:15 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:30 build/C/man2/reboot.2:28 build/C/man2/sync.2:36
38 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:27 build/C/man7/boot.7:15 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:30 build/C/man2/reboot.2:28 build/C/man2/sync.2:36
40 msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual"
44 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:28 build/C/man7/boot.7:16 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:31 build/C/man2/reboot.2:29 build/C/man2/sync.2:37
50 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:30
51 msgid "bdflush - start, flush, or tune buffer-dirty-flush daemon"
55 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:30 build/C/man2/reboot.2:31 build/C/man2/sync.2:39
61 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:33
63 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/kdaemon.hE<gt>>\n"
67 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:36
70 "B<int bdflush(int >I<func>B<, long *>I<address>B<);>\n"
71 "B<int bdflush(int >I<func>B<, long >I<data>B<);>\n"
75 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:37 build/C/man7/boot.7:18 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:33 build/C/man2/reboot.2:52 build/C/man2/sync.2:65
80 #. As noted in a changes in the 2.5.12 source
82 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:48
84 "I<Note>: Since Linux 2.6, this system call is deprecated and does nothing. "
85 "It is likely to disappear altogether in a future kernel release. Nowadays, "
86 "the task performed by B<bdflush>() is handled by the kernel I<pdflush> "
91 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:55
93 "B<bdflush>() starts, flushes, or tunes the buffer-dirty-flush daemon. Only "
94 "a privileged process (one with the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability) may call "
99 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:61
101 "If I<func> is negative or 0, and no daemon has been started, then "
102 "B<bdflush>() enters the daemon code and never returns."
106 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:66
107 msgid "If I<func> is 1, some dirty buffers are written to disk."
111 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:75
113 "If I<func> is 2 or more and is even (low bit is 0), then I<address> is the "
114 "address of a long word, and the tuning parameter numbered (I<func>-2)/2 is "
115 "returned to the caller in that address."
119 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:84
121 "If I<func> is 3 or more and is odd (low bit is 1), then I<data> is a long "
122 "word, and the kernel sets tuning parameter numbered (I<func>-3)/2 to that "
127 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:88
129 "The set of parameters, their values, and their valid ranges are defined in "
130 "the Linux kernel source file I<fs/buffer.c>."
134 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:88 build/C/man2/reboot.2:186 build/C/man2/sync.2:76
140 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:97
142 "If I<func> is negative or 0 and the daemon successfully starts, B<bdflush>() "
143 "never returns. Otherwise, the return value is 0 on success and -1 on "
144 "failure, with I<errno> set to indicate the error."
148 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:97 build/C/man2/reboot.2:199 build/C/man2/sync.2:82
154 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:98
160 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:102
162 "An attempt was made to enter the daemon code after another process has "
167 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:102 build/C/man2/reboot.2:200
173 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:106
174 msgid "I<address> points outside your accessible address space."
178 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:106 build/C/man2/reboot.2:204
184 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:110
186 "An attempt was made to read or write an invalid parameter number, or to "
187 "write an invalid value to a parameter."
191 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:110 build/C/man2/reboot.2:207
197 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:115
198 msgid "Caller does not have the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability."
202 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:115 build/C/man2/reboot.2:214 build/C/man2/sync.2:96
204 msgid "CONFORMING TO"
208 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:119
210 "B<bdflush>() is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs intended "
215 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:119 build/C/man7/boot.7:202 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1595 build/C/man2/reboot.2:218 build/C/man2/sync.2:119
221 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:123
222 msgid "B<fsync>(2), B<sync>(2), B<sync>(1)"
226 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:123 build/C/man7/boot.7:208 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1604 build/C/man2/reboot.2:225 build/C/man2/sync.2:124
232 #: build/C/man2/bdflush.2:131 build/C/man7/boot.7:216 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1612 build/C/man2/reboot.2:233 build/C/man2/sync.2:132
234 "This page is part of release 3.77 of the Linux I<man-pages> project. A "
235 "description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest "
236 "version of this page, can be found at "
237 "\\%http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/."
241 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:15
247 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:15
253 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:18
254 msgid "boot-scripts - general description of boot sequence"
258 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:26
260 "The boot sequence varies in details among systems but can be roughly divided "
261 "to the following steps: (i) hardware boot, (ii) operating system (OS) "
262 "loader, (iii) kernel startup, (iv) init and inittab, (v) boot scripts. We "
263 "will describe each of these in more detail below."
267 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:26
269 msgid "Hardware-boot"
273 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:31
275 "After power-on or hard reset, control is given to a program stored on "
276 "read-only memory (normally PROM). In PC we usually call this program the "
281 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:40
283 "This program normally makes a basic self-test of the machine and accesses "
284 "nonvolatile memory to read further parameters. This memory in the PC is "
285 "battery-backed CMOS memory, so most people refer to it as the B<CMOS>, "
286 "although outside of the PC world, it is usually called B<nvram> (nonvolatile "
291 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:45
293 "The parameters stored in the nvram vary between systems, but as a minimum, "
294 "the hardware boot program should know what is the boot device, or which "
295 "devices to probe as possible boot devices."
299 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:49
301 "Then the hardware boot stage accesses the boot device, loads the OS loader, "
302 "which is located on a fixed position on the boot device, and transfers "
307 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:49 build/C/man7/boot.7:128
313 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:55
315 "We do not cover here booting from network. Those who want to investigate "
316 "this subject may want to research: DHCP, TFTP, PXE, Etherboot."
320 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:55
326 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:59
328 "In PC, the OS loader is located in the first sector of the boot device - "
329 "this is the B<MBR> (Master Boot Record)."
333 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:67
335 "In most systems, this primary loader is very limited due to various "
336 "constraints. Even on non-PC systems there are some limitations to the size "
337 "and complexity of this loader, but the size limitation of the PC MBR (512 "
338 "bytes including the partition table) makes it almost impossible to squeeze a "
339 "full OS loader into it."
343 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:71
345 "Therefore, most operating systems make the primary loader call a secondary "
346 "OS loader which may be located on a specified disk partition."
350 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:81
352 "In Linux the OS loader is normally B<lilo>(8) or B<grub>(8). Both of them "
353 "may install either as secondary loaders (where the DOS installed MBR points "
354 "to them), or as a two part loader where they provide special MBR containing "
355 "the bootstrap code to load the second part of the loader from the root "
360 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:89
362 "The main job of the OS loader is to locate the kernel on the disk, load it "
363 "and run it. Most OS loaders allow interactive use, to enable specification "
364 "of alternative kernel (maybe a backup in case the last compiled one isn't "
365 "functioning) and to pass optional parameters to the kernel."
369 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:89
371 msgid "Kernel startup"
375 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:94
377 "When the kernel is loaded, it initializes the devices (via their drivers), "
378 "starts the swapper (it is a \"kernel process\", called kswapd in modern "
379 "Linux kernels), and mounts the root filesystem (/)."
383 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:101
385 "Some of the parameters that may be passed to the kernel relate to these "
386 "activities (e.g: You can override the default root filesystem). For further "
387 "information on Linux kernel parameters read B<bootparam>(7)."
391 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:108
393 "Only then the kernel creates the first (user land) process which is "
394 "numbered 1. This process executes the program I</sbin/init>, passing any "
395 "parameters that weren't handled by the kernel already."
399 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:108
401 msgid "init and inittab"
405 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:113
407 "When init starts it reads I</etc/inittab> for further instructions. This "
408 "file defines what should be run in different I<run-levels>."
412 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:123
414 "This gives the system administrator an easy management scheme, where each "
415 "run-level is associated with a set of services (e.g, B<S> is I<single-user>, "
416 "on B<2> most network services start). The administrator may change the "
417 "current run-level via B<init>(1) and query the current run-level via "
422 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:127
424 "However, since it is not convenient to manage individual services by editing "
425 "this file, inittab only bootstraps a set of scripts that actually start/stop "
426 "the individual services."
430 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:127
436 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:136
438 "The following description applies to System V release 4-based systems, which "
439 "currently covers most commercial UNIX systems (Solaris, HP-UX, Irix, Tru64) "
440 "as well as the major Linux distributions (Red Hat, Debian, Mandriva, SUSE, "
441 "Ubuntu). Some systems (Slackware Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD) have a somewhat "
442 "different scheme of boot scripts."
446 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:149
448 "For each managed service (mail, nfs server, cron, etc.) there is a single "
449 "startup script located in a specific directory (I</etc/init.d> in most "
450 "versions of Linux). Each of these scripts accepts as a single argument the "
451 "word \"start\" -- causing it to start the service, or the word \\&\"stop\" "
452 "-- causing it to stop the service. The script may optionally accept other "
453 "\"convenience\" parameters (e.g: \"restart\", to stop and then start, "
454 "\"status\" to display the service status). Running the script without "
455 "parameters displays the possible arguments."
459 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:149
461 msgid "Sequencing directories"
465 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:157
467 "To make specific scripts start/stop at specific run-levels and in specific "
468 "order, there are I<sequencing directories>. These are normally in "
469 "I</etc/rc[0-6S].d>. In each of these directories there are links (usually "
470 "symbolic) to the scripts in the I</etc/init.d> directory."
474 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:166
476 "A primary script (usually I</etc/rc>) is called from B<inittab>(5) and "
477 "calls the services scripts via the links in the sequencing directories. All "
478 "links with names that begin with \\(aqS\\(aq are being called with the "
479 "argument \"start\" (thereby starting the service). All links with names "
480 "that begin with \\(aqK\\(aq are being called with the argument \"stop\" "
481 "(thereby stopping the service)."
485 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:176
487 "To define the starting or stopping order within the same run-level, the "
488 "names of the links contain order-numbers. Also, to make the names clearer, "
489 "they usually end with the name of the service they refer to. Example: the "
490 "link I</etc/rc2.d/S80sendmail> starts the sendmail service on runlevel 2. "
491 "This happens after I</etc/rc2.d/S12syslog> is run but before "
492 "I</etc/rc2.d/S90xfs> is run."
496 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:181
498 "To manage the boot order and run-levels, we have to manage these links. "
499 "However, on many versions of Linux, there are tools to help with this task "
500 "(e.g: B<chkconfig>(8))."
504 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:181
506 msgid "Boot configuration"
510 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:190
512 "Usually the daemons started may optionally receive command-line options and "
513 "parameters. To allow system administrators to change these parameters "
514 "without editing the boot scripts themselves, configuration files are used. "
515 "These are located in a specific directory (I</etc/sysconfig> on Red Hat "
516 "systems) and are used by the boot scripts."
520 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:197
522 "In older UNIX systems, these files contained the actual command line options "
523 "for the daemons, but in modern Linux systems (and also in HP-UX), these "
524 "files just contain shell variables. The boot scripts in I</etc/init.d> "
525 "B<source> the configuration files, and then use the variable values."
529 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:197
535 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:202
536 msgid "I</etc/init.d/>, I</etc/rc[S0-6].d/>, I</etc/sysconfig/>"
540 #: build/C/man7/boot.7:208
541 msgid "B<inittab>(5), B<bootparam>(7), B<init>(1), B<runlevel>(8), B<shutdown>(8)"
545 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:30
551 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:30
557 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:33
558 msgid "bootparam - introduction to boot time parameters of the Linux kernel"
562 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:40
564 "The Linux kernel accepts certain 'command-line options' or 'boot time "
565 "parameters' at the moment it is started. In general this is used to supply "
566 "the kernel with information about hardware parameters that the kernel would "
567 "not be able to determine on its own, or to avoid/override the values that "
568 "the kernel would otherwise detect."
572 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:46
574 "When the kernel is booted directly by the BIOS (say from a floppy to which "
575 "you copied a kernel using 'cp zImage /dev/fd0'), you have no opportunity to "
576 "specify any parameters. So, in order to take advantage of this possibility "
577 "you have to use a boot loader that is able to pass parameters, such as GRUB."
580 #. The LILO program (LInux LOader) written by Werner Almesberger is the
581 #. most commonly used.
582 #. It has the ability to boot various kernels, and
583 #. stores the configuration information in a plain text file.
587 #. .BR lilo.conf (5).)
588 #. LILO can boot DOS, OS/2, Linux, FreeBSD, UnixWare, etc., and is quite flexible.
590 #. The other commonly used Linux loader is 'LoadLin', which is a DOS
591 #. program that has the capability to launch a Linux kernel from the DOS
592 #. prompt (with boot-args) assuming that certain resources are available.
593 #. This is good for people that want to launch Linux from DOS.
595 #. It is also very useful if you have certain hardware which relies on
596 #. the supplied DOS driver to put the hardware into a known state.
597 #. A common example is 'SoundBlaster Compatible' sound cards that require
598 #. the DOS driver to twiddle a few mystical registers to put the card
599 #. into a SB compatible mode.
600 #. Booting DOS with the supplied driver, and
601 #. then loading Linux from the DOS prompt with loadlin avoids the reset
602 #. of the card that happens if one rebooted instead.
604 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:70
606 msgid "The argument list"
610 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:74
612 "The kernel command line is parsed into a list of strings (boot arguments) "
613 "separated by spaces. Most of the boot arguments take have the form:"
617 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:78
619 msgid "name[=value_1][,value_2]...[,value_10]\n"
623 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:88
625 "where 'name' is a unique keyword that is used to identify what part of the "
626 "kernel the associated values (if any) are to be given to. Note the limit of "
627 "10 is real, as the present code handles only 10 comma separated parameters "
628 "per keyword. (However, you can reuse the same keyword with up to an "
629 "additional 10 parameters in unusually complicated situations, assuming the "
630 "setup function supports it.)"
634 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:95
636 "Most of the sorting is coded in the kernel source file I<init/main.c>. "
637 "First, the kernel checks to see if the argument is any of the special "
638 "arguments 'root=', \\&'nfsroot=', 'nfsaddrs=', 'ro', 'rw', 'debug' or "
639 "'init'. The meaning of these special arguments is described below."
643 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:106
645 "Then it walks a list of setup functions (contained in the bootsetups array) "
646 "to see if the specified argument string (such as 'foo') has been associated "
647 "with a setup function ('foo_setup()') for a particular device or part of the "
648 "kernel. If you passed the kernel the line foo=3,4,5,6 then the kernel would "
649 "search the bootsetups array to see if 'foo' was registered. If it was, then "
650 "it would call the setup function associated with 'foo' (foo_setup()) and "
651 "hand it the arguments 3, 4, 5, and 6 as given on the kernel command line."
655 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:112
657 "Anything of the form 'foo=bar' that is not accepted as a setup function as "
658 "described above is then interpreted as an environment variable to be set. A "
659 "(useless?) example would be to use 'TERM=vt100' as a boot argument."
663 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:128
665 "Any remaining arguments that were not picked up by the kernel and were not "
666 "interpreted as environment variables are then passed onto process one, which "
667 "is usually the B<init>(1) program. The most common argument that is passed "
668 "to the I<init> process is the word 'single' which instructs it to boot the "
669 "computer in single user mode, and not launch all the usual daemons. Check "
670 "the manual page for the version of B<init>(1) installed on your system to "
671 "see what arguments it accepts."
675 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:128
677 msgid "General non-device-specific boot arguments"
681 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:129
683 msgid "B<'init=...'>"
687 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:141
689 "This sets the initial command to be executed by the kernel. If this is not "
690 "set, or cannot be found, the kernel will try I</sbin/init>, then "
691 "I</etc/init>, then I</bin/init>, then I</bin/sh> and panic if all of this "
696 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:141
698 msgid "B<'nfsaddrs=...'>"
702 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:145
704 "This sets the nfs boot address to the given string. This boot address is "
705 "used in case of a net boot."
709 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:145
711 msgid "B<'nfsroot=...'>"
715 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:152
717 "This sets the nfs root name to the given string. If this string does not "
718 "begin with '/' or ',' or a digit, then it is prefixed by \\&'/tftpboot/'. "
719 "This root name is used in case of a net boot."
723 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:152
729 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:165
731 "(Only when B<CONFIG_BUGi386> is defined.) Some i387 coprocessor chips have "
732 "bugs that show up when used in 32 bit protected mode. For example, some of "
733 "the early ULSI-387 chips would cause solid lockups while performing "
734 "floating-point calculations. Using the 'no387' boot argument causes Linux "
735 "to ignore the maths coprocessor even if you have one. Of course you must "
736 "then have your kernel compiled with math emulation support!"
740 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:165
746 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:178
748 "(Only when B<CONFIG_BUGi386> is defined.) Some of the early i486DX-100 "
749 "chips have a problem with the 'hlt' instruction, in that they can't reliably "
750 "return to operating mode after this instruction is used. Using the 'no-hlt' "
751 "instruction tells Linux to just run an infinite loop when there is nothing "
752 "else to do, and to not halt the CPU. This allows people with these broken "
753 "chips to use Linux."
757 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:178
759 msgid "B<'root=...'>"
763 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:188
765 "This argument tells the kernel what device is to be used as the root "
766 "filesystem while booting. The default of this setting is determined at "
767 "compile time, and usually is the value of the root device of the system that "
768 "the kernel was built on. To override this value, and select the second "
769 "floppy drive as the root device, one would use 'root=/dev/fd1'."
773 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:206
775 "The root device can be specified symbolically or numerically. A symbolic "
776 "specification has the form I</dev/XXYN>, where XX designates the device type "
777 "('hd' for ST-506 compatible hard disk, with Y in \\&'a'-'d'; 'sd' for SCSI "
778 "compatible disk, with Y in 'a'-'e'; \\&'ad' for Atari ACSI disk, with Y in "
779 "'a'-'e', \\&'ez' for a Syquest EZ135 parallel port removable drive, with "
780 "Y='a', \\&'xd' for XT compatible disk, with Y either 'a' or 'b'; 'fd' for "
781 "floppy disk, with Y the floppy drive number\\(emfd0 would be the DOS 'A:' "
782 "drive, and fd1 would be 'B:'), Y the driver letter or number, and N the "
783 "number (in decimal) of the partition on this device (absent in the case of "
784 "floppies). Recent kernels allow many other types, mostly for CD-ROMs: nfs, "
785 "ram, scd, mcd, cdu535, aztcd, cm206cd, gscd, sbpcd, sonycd, bpcd. (The type "
786 "nfs specifies a net boot; ram refers to a ram disk.)"
790 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:210
792 "Note that this has nothing to do with the designation of these devices on "
793 "your filesystem. The '/dev/' part is purely conventional."
797 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:217
799 "The more awkward and less portable numeric specification of the above "
800 "possible root devices in major/minor format is also accepted. (For example, "
801 "I</dev/sda3> is major 8, minor 3, so you could use 'root=0x803' as an "
806 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:217
808 msgid "B<'rootdelay='>"
812 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:221
814 "This parameter sets the delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to "
815 "mount the root filesystem."
819 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:221
821 msgid "B<'rootflags=...'>"
825 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:226
827 "This parameter sets the mount option string for the root filesystem (see "
832 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:226
834 msgid "B<'rootfstype=...'>"
838 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:234
840 "The 'rootfstype' option tells the kernel to mount the root filesystem as if "
841 "it where of the type specified. This can be useful (for example) to mount "
842 "an ext3 filesystem as ext2 and then remove the journal in the root "
843 "filesystem, in fact reverting its format from ext3 to ext2 without the need "
844 "to boot the box from alternate media."
848 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:234
850 msgid "B<'ro'> and B<'rw'>"
854 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:244
856 "The 'ro' option tells the kernel to mount the root filesystem as 'read-only' "
857 "so that filesystem consistency check programs (fsck) can do their work on a "
858 "quiescent filesystem. No processes can write to files on the filesystem in "
859 "question until it is 'remounted' as read/write capable, for example, by "
860 "'mount -w -n -o remount /'. (See also B<mount>(8).)"
864 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:247
866 "The 'rw' option tells the kernel to mount the root filesystem read/write. "
867 "This is the default."
871 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:248
873 msgid "B<'resume=...'>"
877 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:252
879 "This tells the kernel the location of the suspend-to-disk data that you want "
880 "the machine to resume from after hibernation. Usually, it is the same as "
881 "your swap partition or file. Example:"
885 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:256
887 msgid "resume=/dev/hda2\n"
891 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:258
893 msgid "B<'reserve=...'>"
897 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:262
899 "This is used to protect I/O port regions from probes. The form of the "
904 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:266
906 msgid "B<reserve=>I<iobase,extent[,iobase,extent]...>\n"
910 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:275
912 "In some machines it may be necessary to prevent device drivers from checking "
913 "for devices (auto-probing) in a specific region. This may be because of "
914 "hardware that reacts badly to the probing, or hardware that would be "
915 "mistakenly identified, or merely hardware you don't want the kernel to "
920 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:280
922 "The reserve boot-time argument specifies an I/O port region that shouldn't "
923 "be probed. A device driver will not probe a reserved region, unless another "
924 "boot argument explicitly specifies that it do so."
928 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:282
929 msgid "For example, the boot line"
933 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:286
935 msgid "reserve=0x300,32 blah=0x300\n"
939 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:291
941 "keeps all device drivers except the driver for 'blah' from probing "
946 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:291
952 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:304
954 "The BIOS call defined in the PC specification that returns the amount of "
955 "installed memory was designed only to be able to report up to 64MB. Linux "
956 "uses this BIOS call at boot to determine how much memory is installed. If "
957 "you have more than 64MB of RAM installed, you can use this boot argument to "
958 "tell Linux how much memory you have. The value is in decimal or hexadecimal "
959 "(prefix 0x), and the suffixes 'k' (times 1024) or 'M' (times 1048576) can be "
960 "used. Here is a quote from Linus on usage of the 'mem=' parameter."
964 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:311
966 "The kernel will accept any 'mem=xx' parameter you give it, and if it turns "
967 "out that you lied to it, it will crash horribly sooner or later. The "
968 "parameter indicates the highest addressable RAM address, so "
969 "\\&'mem=0x1000000' means you have 16MB of memory, for example. For a 96MB "
970 "machine this would be 'mem=0x6000000'."
974 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:323
976 "B<NOTE>: some machines might use the top of memory for BIOS caching or "
977 "whatever, so you might not actually have up to the full 96MB addressable. "
978 "The reverse is also true: some chipsets will map the physical memory that is "
979 "covered by the BIOS area into the area just past the top of memory, so the "
980 "top-of-mem might actually be 96MB + 384kB for example. If you tell linux "
981 "that it has more memory than it actually does have, bad things will happen: "
982 "maybe not at once, but surely eventually."
986 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:328
988 "You can also use the boot argument 'mem=nopentium' to turn off 4 MB page "
989 "tables on kernels configured for IA32 systems with a pentium or newer CPU."
993 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:328
999 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:333
1001 "By default the kernel will not reboot after a panic, but this option will "
1002 "cause a kernel reboot after N seconds (if N is greater than zero). This "
1003 "panic timeout can also be set by"
1007 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:337
1009 msgid "echo N E<gt> /proc/sys/kernel/panic\n"
1013 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:339
1015 msgid "B<'reboot=[warm|cold][,[bios|hard]]'>"
1019 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:354
1021 "(Only when B<CONFIG_BUGi386> is defined.) Since 2.0.22 a reboot is by "
1022 "default a cold reboot. One asks for the old default with 'reboot=warm'. (A "
1023 "cold reboot may be required to reset certain hardware, but might destroy not "
1024 "yet written data in a disk cache. A warm reboot may be faster.) By default "
1025 "a reboot is hard, by asking the keyboard controller to pulse the reset line "
1026 "low, but there is at least one type of motherboard where that doesn't work. "
1027 "The option 'reboot=bios' will instead jump through the BIOS."
1031 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:354
1033 msgid "B<'nosmp'> and B<'maxcpus=N'>"
1037 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:360
1039 "(Only when __SMP__ is defined.) A command-line option of 'nosmp' or "
1040 "'maxcpus=0' will disable SMP activation entirely; an option 'maxcpus=N' "
1041 "limits the maximum number of CPUs activated in SMP mode to N."
1045 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:360
1047 msgid "Boot arguments for use by kernel developers"
1051 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:361
1057 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:378
1059 "Kernel messages are handed off to the kernel log daemon klogd so that they "
1060 "may be logged to disk. Messages with a priority above I<console_loglevel> "
1061 "are also printed on the console. (For these levels, see "
1062 "I<E<lt>linux/kernel.hE<gt>>.) By default this variable is set to log "
1063 "anything more important than debug messages. This boot argument will cause "
1064 "the kernel to also print the messages of DEBUG priority. The console "
1065 "loglevel can also be set at run time via an option to klogd. See "
1070 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:378
1072 msgid "B<'profile=N'>"
1076 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:396
1078 "It is possible to enable a kernel profiling function, if one wishes to find "
1079 "out where the kernel is spending its CPU cycles. Profiling is enabled by "
1080 "setting the variable I<prof_shift> to a nonzero value. This is done either "
1081 "by specifying B<CONFIG_PROFILE> at compile time, or by giving the 'profile=' "
1082 "option. Now the value that I<prof_shift> gets will be N, when given, or "
1083 "B<CONFIG_PROFILE_SHIFT>, when that is given, or 2, the default. The "
1084 "significance of this variable is that it gives the granularity of the "
1085 "profiling: each clock tick, if the system was executing kernel code, a "
1086 "counter is incremented:"
1090 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:400
1092 msgid "profile[address E<gt>E<gt> prof_shift]++;\n"
1096 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:409
1098 "The raw profiling information can be read from I</proc/profile>. Probably "
1099 "you'll want to use a tool such as readprofile.c to digest it. Writing to "
1100 "I</proc/profile> will clear the counters."
1104 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:409
1106 msgid "B<'swap=N1,N2,N3,N4,N5,N6,N7,N8'>"
1110 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:415
1112 "Set the eight parameters max_page_age, page_advance, page_decline, "
1113 "page_initial_age, age_cluster_fract, age_cluster_min, pageout_weight, "
1114 "bufferout_weight that control the kernel swap algorithm. For kernel tuners "
1119 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:415
1121 msgid "B<'buff=N1,N2,N3,N4,N5,N6'>"
1125 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:421
1127 "Set the six parameters max_buff_age, buff_advance, buff_decline, "
1128 "buff_initial_age, bufferout_weight, buffermem_grace that control kernel "
1129 "buffer memory management. For kernel tuners only."
1133 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:421
1135 msgid "Boot arguments for ramdisk use"
1139 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:432
1141 "(Only if the kernel was compiled with B<CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM>.) In general it "
1142 "is a bad idea to use a ramdisk under Linux\\(emthe system will use available "
1143 "memory more efficiently itself. But while booting (or while constructing "
1144 "boot floppies) it is often useful to load the floppy contents into a "
1145 "ramdisk. One might also have a system in which first some modules (for "
1146 "filesystem or hardware) must be loaded before the main disk can be accessed."
1150 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:443
1152 "In Linux 1.3.48, ramdisk handling was changed drastically. Earlier, the "
1153 "memory was allocated statically, and there was a 'ramdisk=N' parameter to "
1154 "tell its size. (This could also be set in the kernel image at compile "
1155 "time.) These days ram disks use the buffer cache, and grow dynamically. "
1156 "For a lot of information in conjunction with the new ramdisk setup, see the "
1157 "kernel source file I<Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt> "
1158 "(I<Documentation/ramdisk.txt> in older kernels)."
1162 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:445
1163 msgid "There are four parameters, two boolean and two integral."
1167 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:445
1169 msgid "B<'load_ramdisk=N'>"
1173 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:450
1175 "If N=1, do load a ramdisk. If N=0, do not load a ramdisk. (This is the "
1180 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:450
1182 msgid "B<'prompt_ramdisk=N'>"
1186 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:456
1188 "If N=1, do prompt for insertion of the floppy. (This is the default.) If "
1189 "N=0, do not prompt. (Thus, this parameter is never needed.)"
1193 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:456
1195 msgid "B<'ramdisk_size=N'> or (obsolete) B<'ramdisk=N'>"
1199 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:460
1200 msgid "Set the maximal size of the ramdisk(s) to N kB. The default is 4096 (4 MB)."
1204 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:460
1206 msgid "B<'ramdisk_start=N'>"
1210 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:465
1212 "Sets the starting block number (the offset on the floppy where the ramdisk "
1213 "starts) to N. This is needed in case the ramdisk follows a kernel image."
1217 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:465
1219 msgid "B<'noinitrd'>"
1223 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:484
1225 "(Only if the kernel was compiled with B<CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM> and "
1226 "B<CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD>.) These days it is possible to compile the kernel "
1227 "to use initrd. When this feature is enabled, the boot process will load the "
1228 "kernel and an initial ramdisk; then the kernel converts initrd into a "
1229 "\"normal\" ramdisk, which is mounted read-write as root device; then "
1230 "I</linuxrc> is executed; afterward the \"real\" root filesystem is mounted, "
1231 "and the initrd filesystem is moved over to I</initrd>; finally the usual "
1232 "boot sequence (e.g., invocation of I</sbin/init>) is performed."
1236 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:487
1238 "For a detailed description of the initrd feature, see the kernel source file "
1239 "I<Documentation/initrd.txt>."
1243 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:495
1245 "The 'noinitrd' option tells the kernel that although it was compiled for "
1246 "operation with initrd, it should not go through the above steps, but leave "
1247 "the initrd data under I</dev/initrd>. (This device can be used only once: "
1248 "the data is freed as soon as the last process that used it has closed "
1253 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:495
1255 msgid "Boot arguments for SCSI devices"
1259 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:497
1260 msgid "General notation for this section:"
1264 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:502
1266 "I<iobase> -- the first I/O port that the SCSI host occupies. These are "
1267 "specified in hexadecimal notation, and usually lie in the range from 0x200 "
1272 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:510
1274 "I<irq> -- the hardware interrupt that the card is configured to use. Valid "
1275 "values will be dependent on the card in question, but will usually be 5, 7, "
1276 "9, 10, 11, 12, and 15. The other values are usually used for common "
1277 "peripherals like IDE hard disks, floppies, serial ports, and so on."
1281 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:518
1283 "I<scsi-id> -- the ID that the host adapter uses to identify itself on the "
1284 "SCSI bus. Only some host adapters allow you to change this value, as most "
1285 "have it permanently specified internally. The usual default value is 7, but "
1286 "the Seagate and Future Domain TMC-950 boards use 6."
1290 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:526
1292 "I<parity> -- whether the SCSI host adapter expects the attached devices to "
1293 "supply a parity value with all information exchanges. Specifying a one "
1294 "indicates parity checking is enabled, and a zero disables parity checking. "
1295 "Again, not all adapters will support selection of parity behavior as a boot "
1300 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:526
1302 msgid "B<'max_scsi_luns=...'>"
1306 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:537
1308 "A SCSI device can have a number of 'subdevices' contained within itself. "
1309 "The most common example is one of the new SCSI CD-ROMs that handle more than "
1310 "one disk at a time. Each CD is addressed as a \\&'Logical Unit Number' "
1311 "(LUN) of that particular device. But most devices, such as hard disks, tape "
1312 "drives and such are only one device, and will be assigned to LUN zero."
1316 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:543
1318 "Some poorly designed SCSI devices cannot handle being probed for LUNs not "
1319 "equal to zero. Therefore, if the compile-time flag B<CONFIG_SCSI_MULTI_LUN> "
1320 "is not set, newer kernels will by default only probe LUN zero."
1324 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:549
1326 "To specify the number of probed LUNs at boot, one enters "
1327 "\\&'max_scsi_luns=n' as a boot arg, where n is a number between one and "
1328 "eight. To avoid problems as described above, one would use n=1 to avoid "
1329 "upsetting such broken devices."
1333 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:549
1335 msgid "B<SCSI tape configuration>"
1339 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:553
1341 "Some boot time configuration of the SCSI tape driver can be achieved by "
1342 "using the following:"
1346 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:557
1348 msgid "B<st=>I<buf_size[,write_threshold[,max_bufs]]>\n"
1352 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:572
1354 "The first two numbers are specified in units of kB. The default I<buf_size> "
1355 "is 32kB, and the maximum size that can be specified is a ridiculous "
1356 "16384kB. The I<write_threshold> is the value at which the buffer is "
1357 "committed to tape, with a default value of 30kB. The maximum number of "
1358 "buffers varies with the number of drives detected, and has a default of "
1359 "two. An example usage would be:"
1363 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:576
1365 msgid "st=32,30,2\n"
1369 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:584
1371 "Full details can be found in the file I<Documentation/scsi/st.txt> (or "
1372 "I<drivers/scsi/README.st> for older kernels) in the Linux kernel source."
1376 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:584
1378 msgid "B<Adaptec aha151x, aha152x, aic6260, aic6360, SB16-SCSI configuration>"
1382 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:588
1384 "The aha numbers refer to cards and the aic numbers refer to the actual SCSI "
1385 "chip on these type of cards, including the Soundblaster-16 SCSI."
1389 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:593
1391 "The probe code for these SCSI hosts looks for an installed BIOS, and if none "
1392 "is present, the probe will not find your card. Then you will have to use a "
1393 "boot argument of the form:"
1397 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:597
1399 msgid "B<aha152x=>I<iobase[,irq[,scsi-id[,reconnect[,parity]]]]>\n"
1403 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:602
1405 "If the driver was compiled with debugging enabled, a sixth value can be "
1406 "specified to set the debug level."
1410 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:608
1412 "All the parameters are as described at the top of this section, and the "
1413 "I<reconnect> value will allow device disconnect/reconnect if a nonzero value "
1414 "is used. An example usage is as follows:"
1418 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:612
1420 msgid "aha152x=0x340,11,7,1\n"
1424 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:618
1426 "Note that the parameters must be specified in order, meaning that if you "
1427 "want to specify a parity setting, then you will have to specify an iobase, "
1428 "irq, scsi-id and reconnect value as well."
1432 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:618
1434 msgid "B<Adaptec aha154x configuration>"
1438 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:626
1440 "The aha1542 series cards have an i82077 floppy controller onboard, while the "
1441 "aha1540 series cards do not. These are busmastering cards, and have "
1442 "parameters to set the \"fairness\" that is used to share the bus with other "
1443 "devices. The boot argument looks like the following."
1447 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:630
1449 msgid "B<aha1542=>I<iobase[,buson,busoff[,dmaspeed]]>\n"
1453 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:636
1455 "Valid iobase values are usually one of: 0x130, 0x134, 0x230, 0x234, 0x330, "
1456 "0x334. Clone cards may permit other values."
1460 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:644
1462 "The I<buson>, I<busoff> values refer to the number of microseconds that the "
1463 "card dominates the ISA bus. The defaults are 11us on, and 4us off, so that "
1464 "other cards (such as an ISA LANCE Ethernet card) have a chance to get access "
1469 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:655
1471 "The I<dmaspeed> value refers to the rate (in MB/s) at which the DMA (Direct "
1472 "Memory Access) transfers proceed. The default is 5MB/s. Newer revision "
1473 "cards allow you to select this value as part of the soft-configuration, "
1474 "older cards use jumpers. You can use values up to 10MB/s assuming that your "
1475 "motherboard is capable of handling it. Experiment with caution if using "
1476 "values over 5MB/s."
1480 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:655
1482 msgid "B<Adaptec aha274x, aha284x, aic7xxx configuration>"
1486 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:658
1487 msgid "These boards can accept an argument of the form:"
1491 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:662
1493 msgid "B<aic7xxx=>I<extended,no_reset>\n"
1497 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:673
1499 "The I<extended> value, if nonzero, indicates that extended translation for "
1500 "large disks is enabled. The I<no_reset> value, if nonzero, tells the driver "
1501 "not to reset the SCSI bus when setting up the host adapter at boot."
1505 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:673
1507 msgid "B<AdvanSys SCSI Hosts configuration ('advansys=')>"
1511 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:686
1513 "The AdvanSys driver can accept up to four I/O addresses that will be probed "
1514 "for an AdvanSys SCSI card. Note that these values (if used) do not effect "
1515 "EISA or PCI probing in any way. They are used only for probing ISA and VLB "
1516 "cards. In addition, if the driver has been compiled with debugging enabled, "
1517 "the level of debugging output can be set by adding an 0xdeb[0-f] parameter. "
1518 "The 0-f allows setting the level of the debugging messages to any of 16 "
1519 "levels of verbosity."
1523 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:686
1529 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:689 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:699 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:741 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:750 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:759 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:775 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:817 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:834 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:902 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:911 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1056 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1085 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1112 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1172 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1409 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1421 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1435 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1449 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1493 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1514 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1531 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1556 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1573
1534 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:693
1536 msgid "B<AM53C974=>I<host-scsi-id,target-scsi-id,max-rate,max-offset>\n"
1540 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:695
1542 msgid "B<BusLogic SCSI Hosts configuration ('BusLogic=')>"
1546 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:702
1548 msgid "B<BusLogic=>I<N1,N2,N3,N4,N5,S1,S2,...>\n"
1551 #. (lines 3149-3270 in the kernel version I am looking at).
1553 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:711
1555 "For an extensive discussion of the BusLogic command line parameters, see the "
1556 "kernel source file I<drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c>. The text below is a very "
1557 "much abbreviated extract."
1561 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:723
1563 "The parameters N1-N5 are integers. The parameters S1,... are strings. N1 "
1564 "is the I/O Address at which the Host Adapter is located. N2 is the Tagged "
1565 "Queue Depth to use for Target Devices that support Tagged Queuing. N3 is "
1566 "the Bus Settle Time in seconds. This is the amount of time to wait between "
1567 "a Host Adapter Hard Reset which initiates a SCSI Bus Reset and issuing any "
1568 "SCSI Commands. N4 is the Local Options (for one Host Adapter). N5 is the "
1569 "Global Options (for all Host Adapters)."
1573 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:729
1575 "The string options are used to provide control over Tagged Queuing "
1576 "(TQ:Default, TQ:Enable, TQ:Disable, TQ:E<lt>Per-Target-SpecE<gt>), over "
1577 "Error Recovery (ER:Default, ER:HardReset, ER:BusDeviceReset, ER:None, "
1578 "ER:E<lt>Per-Target-SpecE<gt>), and over Host Adapter Probing (NoProbe, "
1579 "NoProbeISA, NoSortPCI)."
1583 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:729
1585 msgid "B<EATA/DMA configuration>"
1589 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:732 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:893
1590 msgid "The default list of I/O ports to be probed can be changed by"
1594 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:736 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:897
1596 msgid "B<eata=>I<iobase,iobase,...>B<.>\n"
1600 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:738
1602 msgid "B<Future Domain TMC-16x0 configuration>"
1606 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:745
1608 msgid "B<fdomain=>I<iobase,irq[,adapter_id]>\n"
1612 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:747
1614 msgid "B<Great Valley Products (GVP) SCSI controller configuration>"
1618 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:754
1620 msgid "B<gvp11=>I<dma_transfer_bitmask>\n"
1624 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:756
1626 msgid "B<Future Domain TMC-8xx, TMC-950 configuration>"
1630 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:763
1632 msgid "B<tmc8xx=>I<mem_base,irq>\n"
1636 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:772 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:876
1638 "The I<mem_base> value is the value of the memory-mapped I/O region that the "
1639 "card uses. This will usually be one of the following values: 0xc8000, "
1640 "0xca000, 0xcc000, 0xce000, 0xdc000, 0xde000."
1644 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:772
1646 msgid "B<IN2000 configuration>"
1650 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:779
1652 msgid "B<in2000=>I<S>\n"
1656 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:788
1658 "where S is a comma-separated string of items keyword[:value]. Recognized "
1659 "keywords (possibly with value) are: ioport:addr, noreset, nosync:x, "
1660 "period:ns, disconnect:x, debug:x, proc:x. For the function of these "
1661 "parameters, see the kernel source file I<drivers/scsi/in2000.c>."
1665 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:788
1667 msgid "B<NCR5380 and NCR53C400 configuration>"
1671 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:791
1672 msgid "The boot argument is of the form"
1676 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:795
1678 msgid "B<ncr5380=>I<iobase,irq,dma>\n"
1682 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:799
1687 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:803
1689 msgid "B<ncr53c400=>I<iobase,irq>\n"
1693 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:814
1695 "If the card doesn't use interrupts, then an IRQ value of 255 (0xff) will "
1696 "disable interrupts. An IRQ value of 254 means to autoprobe. More details "
1697 "can be found in the file I<Documentation/scsi/g_NCR5380.txt> (or "
1698 "I<drivers/scsi/README.g_NCR5380> for older kernels) in the Linux kernel "
1703 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:814
1705 msgid "B<NCR53C8xx configuration>"
1709 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:821
1711 msgid "B<ncr53c8xx=>I<S>\n"
1715 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:831
1717 "where S is a comma-separated string of items keyword:value. Recognized "
1718 "keywords are: mpar (master_parity), spar (scsi_parity), disc "
1719 "(disconnection), specf (special_features), ultra (ultra_scsi), fsn "
1720 "(force_sync_nego), tags (default_tags), sync (default_sync), verb (verbose), "
1721 "debug (debug), burst (burst_max). For the function of the assigned values, "
1722 "see the kernel source file I<drivers/scsi/ncr53c8xx.c>."
1726 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:831
1728 msgid "B<NCR53c406a configuration>"
1732 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:838
1734 msgid "B<ncr53c406a=>I<iobase[,irq[,fastpio]]>\n"
1738 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:843
1740 "Specify irq = 0 for noninterrupt driven mode. Set fastpio = 1 for fast pio "
1741 "mode, 0 for slow mode."
1745 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:843
1747 msgid "B<Pro Audio Spectrum configuration>"
1751 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:848
1753 "The PAS16 uses a NC5380 SCSI chip, and newer models support jumperless "
1754 "configuration. The boot argument is of the form:"
1758 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:852
1760 msgid "B<pas16=>I<iobase,irq>\n"
1764 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:859
1766 "The only difference is that you can specify an IRQ value of 255, which will "
1767 "tell the driver to work without using interrupts, albeit at a performance "
1768 "loss. The iobase is usually 0x388."
1772 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:859
1774 msgid "B<Seagate ST-0x configuration>"
1778 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:863
1780 "If your card is not detected at boot time, you will then have to use a boot "
1781 "argument of the form:"
1785 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:867
1787 msgid "B<st0x=>I<mem_base,irq>\n"
1791 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:876
1793 msgid "B<Trantor T128 configuration>"
1797 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:880
1799 "These cards are also based on the NCR5380 chip, and accept the following "
1804 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:884
1806 msgid "B<t128=>I<mem_base,irq>\n"
1810 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:890
1812 "The valid values for I<mem_base> are as follows: 0xcc000, 0xc8000, 0xdc000, "
1817 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:890
1819 msgid "B<UltraStor 14F/34F configuration>"
1823 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:899
1825 msgid "B<WD7000 configuration>"
1829 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:906
1831 msgid "B<wd7000=>I<irq,dma,iobase>\n"
1835 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:908
1837 msgid "B<Commodore Amiga A2091/590 SCSI controller configuration>"
1841 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:915
1843 msgid "B<wd33c93=>I<S>\n"
1847 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:924
1849 "where S is a comma-separated string of options. Recognized options are "
1850 "nosync:bitmask, nodma:x, period:ns, disconnect:x, debug:x, clock:x, next. "
1851 "For details, see the kernel source file I<drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c>."
1855 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:924
1861 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:925
1863 msgid "B<IDE Disk/CD-ROM Driver Parameters>"
1867 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:930
1869 "The IDE driver accepts a number of parameters, which range from disk "
1870 "geometry specifications, to support for broken controller chips. "
1871 "Drive-specific options are specified by using 'hdX=' with X in 'a'-'h'."
1875 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:934
1877 "Non-drive-specific options are specified with the prefix 'hd='. Note that "
1878 "using a drive-specific prefix for a non-drive-specific option will still "
1879 "work, and the option will just be applied as expected."
1883 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:944
1885 "Also note that 'hd=' can be used to refer to the next unspecified drive in "
1886 "the (a, ..., h) sequence. For the following discussions, the 'hd=' option "
1887 "will be cited for brevity. See the file I<Documentation/ide.txt> (or "
1888 "I<drivers/block/README.ide> for older kernels) in the Linux kernel source "
1893 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:944
1895 msgid "B<The 'hd=cyls,heads,sects[,wpcom[,irq]]' options>"
1899 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:955
1901 "These options are used to specify the physical geometry of the disk. Only "
1902 "the first three values are required. The cylinder/head/sectors values will "
1903 "be those used by fdisk. The write precompensation value is ignored for IDE "
1904 "disks. The IRQ value specified will be the IRQ used for the interface that "
1905 "the drive resides on, and is not really a drive-specific parameter."
1909 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:955
1911 msgid "B<The 'hd=serialize' option>"
1915 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:963
1917 "The dual IDE interface CMD-640 chip is broken as designed such that when "
1918 "drives on the secondary interface are used at the same time as drives on the "
1919 "primary interface, it will corrupt your data. Using this option tells the "
1920 "driver to make sure that both interfaces are never used at the same time."
1924 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:963
1926 msgid "B<The 'hd=dtc2278' option>"
1930 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:968
1932 "This option tells the driver that you have a DTC-2278D IDE interface. The "
1933 "driver then tries to do DTC-specific operations to enable the second "
1934 "interface and to enable faster transfer modes."
1938 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:968
1940 msgid "B<The 'hd=noprobe' option>"
1944 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:972
1945 msgid "Do not probe for this drive. For example,"
1949 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:976
1951 msgid "hdb=noprobe hdb=1166,7,17\n"
1955 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:982
1957 "would disable the probe, but still specify the drive geometry so that it "
1958 "would be registered as a valid block device, and hence usable."
1962 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:982
1964 msgid "B<The 'hd=nowerr' option>"
1968 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:988
1970 "Some drives apparently have the B<WRERR_STAT> bit stuck on permanently. "
1971 "This enables a work-around for these broken devices."
1975 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:988
1977 msgid "B<The 'hd=cdrom' option>"
1981 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:994
1983 "This tells the IDE driver that there is an ATAPI compatible CD-ROM attached "
1984 "in place of a normal IDE hard disk. In most cases the CD-ROM is identified "
1985 "automatically, but if it isn't then this may help."
1989 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:994
1991 msgid "B<Standard ST-506 Disk Driver Options ('hd=')>"
1995 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1003
1997 "The standard disk driver can accept geometry arguments for the disks similar "
1998 "to the IDE driver. Note however that it expects only three values (C/H/S); "
1999 "any more or any less and it will silently ignore you. Also, it accepts only "
2000 "'hd=' as an argument, that is, 'hda=' and so on are not valid here. The "
2001 "format is as follows:"
2005 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1007
2007 msgid "hd=cyls,heads,sects\n"
2011 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1012
2013 "If there are two disks installed, the above is repeated with the geometry "
2014 "parameters of the second disk."
2018 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1012
2020 msgid "B<XT Disk Driver Options ('xd=')>"
2024 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1018
2026 "If you are unfortunate enough to be using one of these old 8-bit cards that "
2027 "move data at a whopping 125kB/s, then here is the scoop. If the card is not "
2028 "recognized, you will have to use a boot argument of the form:"
2032 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1022
2034 msgid "xd=type,irq,iobase,dma_chan\n"
2037 #. 1.1.50, 1.3.81, 1.3.99, 2.0.34, 2.1.67, 2.1.78, 2.1.127
2039 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1040
2041 "The type value specifies the particular manufacturer of the card, overriding "
2042 "autodetection. For the types to use, consult the I<drivers/block/xd.c> "
2043 "source file of the kernel you are using. The type is an index in the list "
2044 "I<xd_sigs> and in the course of time types have been added to or deleted "
2045 "from the middle of the list, changing all type numbers. Today (Linux 2.5.0) "
2046 "the types are 0=generic; 1=DTC 5150cx; 2,3=DTC 5150x; 4,5=Western Digital; "
2047 "6,7,8=Seagate; 9=Omti; 10=XEBEC, and where here several types are given with "
2048 "the same designation, they are equivalent."
2052 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1047
2054 "The xd_setup() function does no checking on the values, and assumes that you "
2055 "entered all four values. Don't disappoint it. Here is an example usage for "
2056 "a WD1002 controller with the BIOS disabled/removed, using the 'default' XT "
2057 "controller parameters:"
2061 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1051
2063 msgid "xd=2,5,0x320,3\n"
2067 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1053
2069 msgid "B<Syquest's EZ* removable disks>"
2073 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1060
2075 msgid "B<ez=>I<iobase[,irq[,rep[,nybble]]]>\n"
2079 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1062
2081 msgid "IBM MCA bus devices"
2085 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1065
2086 msgid "See also the kernel source file I<Documentation/mca.txt>."
2090 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1065
2092 msgid "B<PS/2 ESDI hard disks>"
2096 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1068
2097 msgid "It is possible to specify the desired geometry at boot time:"
2101 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1072
2103 msgid "B<ed=>I<cyls,heads,sectors.>\n"
2107 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1076
2108 msgid "For a ThinkPad-720, add the option"
2112 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1080
2114 msgid "B<tp720=1>.\n"
2118 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1082
2120 msgid "B<IBM Microchannel SCSI Subsystem configuration>"
2124 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1089
2126 msgid "B<ibmmcascsi=>I<N>\n"
2130 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1095
2131 msgid "where N is the I<pun> (SCSI ID) of the subsystem."
2135 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1095
2137 msgid "B<The Aztech Interface>"
2141 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1098 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1214 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1223 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1238 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1247
2142 msgid "The syntax for this type of card is:"
2146 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1102
2148 msgid "aztcd=iobase[,magic_number]\n"
2152 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1109
2154 "If you set the magic_number to 0x79, then the driver will try and run anyway "
2155 "in the event of an unknown firmware version. All other values are ignored."
2159 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1109
2161 msgid "B<Parallel port CD-ROM drives>"
2165 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1117
2168 "pcd.driveN=prt,pro,uni,mod,slv,dly\n"
2173 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1126
2175 "where 'port' is the base address, 'pro' is the protocol number, 'uni' is the "
2176 "unit selector (for chained devices), 'mod' is the mode (or -1 to choose the "
2177 "best automatically), 'slv' is 1 if it should be a slave, and 'dly' is a "
2178 "small integer for slowing down port accesses. The 'nice' parameter controls "
2179 "the driver's use of idle CPU time, at the expense of some speed."
2183 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1126
2185 msgid "B<The CDU-31A and CDU-33A Sony Interface>"
2189 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1131
2191 "This CD-ROM interface is found on some of the Pro Audio Spectrum sound "
2192 "cards, and other Sony supplied interface cards. The syntax is as follows:"
2196 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1135
2198 msgid "cdu31a=iobase,[irq[,is_pas_card]]\n"
2202 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1143
2204 "Specifying an IRQ value of zero tells the driver that hardware interrupts "
2205 "aren't supported (as on some PAS cards). If your card supports interrupts, "
2206 "you should use them as it cuts down on the CPU usage of the driver."
2210 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1148
2212 "The I<is_pas_card> should be entered as 'PAS' if using a Pro Audio Spectrum "
2213 "card, and otherwise it should not be specified at all."
2217 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1148
2219 msgid "B<The CDU-535 Sony Interface>"
2223 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1151 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1163 build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1187
2224 msgid "The syntax for this CD-ROM interface is:"
2228 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1155
2230 msgid "sonycd535=iobase[,irq]\n"
2234 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1160
2236 "A zero can be used for the I/O base as a 'placeholder' if one wishes to "
2237 "specify an IRQ value."
2241 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1160
2243 msgid "B<The GoldStar Interface>"
2247 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1167
2249 msgid "gscd=iobase\n"
2253 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1169
2255 msgid "B<The ISP16 CD-ROM Interface>"
2259 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1176
2261 msgid "isp16=[iobase[,irq[,dma[,type]]]]\n"
2265 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1184
2267 "(Three integers and a string.) If the type is given as 'noisp16', the "
2268 "interface will not be configured. Other recognized types are: 'Sanyo\", "
2269 "'Sony', 'Panasonic' and 'Mitsumi'."
2273 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1184
2275 msgid "B<The Mitsumi Standard Interface>"
2279 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1191
2281 msgid "mcd=iobase,[irq[,wait_value]]\n"
2285 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1201
2287 "The I<wait_value> is used as an internal timeout value for people who are "
2288 "having problems with their drive, and may or may not be implemented "
2289 "depending on a compile-time #define. The Mitsumi FX400 is an IDE/ATAPI "
2290 "CD-ROM player and does not use the mcd driver."
2294 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1201
2296 msgid "B<The Mitsumi XA/MultiSession Interface>"
2300 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1205
2302 "This is for the same hardware as above, but the driver has extended "
2307 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1209
2309 msgid "mcdx=iobase[,irq]\n"
2313 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1211
2315 msgid "B<The Optics Storage Interface>"
2319 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1218
2321 msgid "optcd=iobase\n"
2325 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1220
2327 msgid "B<The Phillips CM206 Interface>"
2331 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1227
2333 msgid "cm206=[iobase][,irq]\n"
2337 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1235
2339 "The driver assumes numbers between 3 and 11 are IRQ values, and numbers "
2340 "between 0x300 and 0x370 are I/O ports, so you can specify one, or both "
2341 "numbers, in any order. It also accepts 'cm206=auto' to enable autoprobing."
2345 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1235
2347 msgid "B<The Sanyo Interface>"
2351 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1242
2353 msgid "sjcd=iobase[,irq[,dma_channel]]\n"
2357 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1244
2359 msgid "B<The SoundBlaster Pro Interface>"
2363 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1251
2365 msgid "sbpcd=iobase,type\n"
2369 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1258
2371 "where type is one of the following (case sensitive) strings: "
2372 "\\&'SoundBlaster', 'LaserMate', or 'SPEA'. The I/O base is that of the "
2373 "CD-ROM interface, and not that of the sound portion of the card."
2377 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1258
2379 msgid "Ethernet devices"
2383 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1262
2385 "Different drivers make use of different parameters, but they all at least "
2386 "share having an IRQ, an I/O port base value, and a name. In its most "
2387 "generic form, it looks something like this:"
2391 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1266
2393 msgid "ether=irq,iobase[,param_1[,...param_8]],name\n"
2397 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1275
2399 "The first nonnumeric argument is taken as the name. The param_n values (if "
2400 "applicable) usually have different meanings for each different card/driver. "
2401 "Typical param_n values are used to specify things like shared memory "
2402 "address, interface selection, DMA channel and the like."
2406 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1279
2408 "The most common use of this parameter is to force probing for a second "
2409 "ethercard, as the default is to probe only for one. This can be "
2410 "accomplished with a simple:"
2414 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1283
2416 msgid "ether=0,0,eth1\n"
2420 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1288
2422 "Note that the values of zero for the IRQ and I/O base in the above example "
2423 "tell the driver(s) to autoprobe."
2427 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1294
2429 "The Ethernet-HowTo has extensive documentation on using multiple cards and "
2430 "on the card/driver-specific implementation of the param_n values where "
2431 "used. Interested readers should refer to the section in that document on "
2432 "their particular card."
2436 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1294
2438 msgid "The floppy disk driver"
2442 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1302
2444 "There are many floppy driver options, and they are all listed in "
2445 "I<Documentation/floppy.txt> (or I<drivers/block/README.fd> for older "
2446 "kernels) in the Linux kernel source. This information is taken directly "
2451 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1302
2453 msgid "B<floppy=mask,allowed_drive_mask>"
2457 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1312
2459 "Sets the bit mask of allowed drives to mask. By default, only units 0 and 1 "
2460 "of each floppy controller are allowed. This is done because certain "
2461 "nonstandard hardware (ASUS PCI motherboards) mess up the keyboard when "
2462 "accessing units 2 or 3. This option is somewhat obsoleted by the cmos "
2467 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1312
2469 msgid "B<floppy=all_drives>"
2473 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1317
2475 "Sets the bit mask of allowed drives to all drives. Use this if you have "
2476 "more than two drives connected to a floppy controller."
2480 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1317
2482 msgid "B<floppy=asus_pci>"
2486 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1321
2487 msgid "Sets the bit mask to allow only units 0 and 1. (The default)"
2491 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1321
2493 msgid "B<floppy=daring>"
2497 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1328
2499 "Tells the floppy driver that you have a well behaved floppy controller. "
2500 "This allows more efficient and smoother operation, but may fail on certain "
2501 "controllers. This may speed up certain operations."
2505 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1328
2507 msgid "B<floppy=0,daring>"
2511 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1332
2513 "Tells the floppy driver that your floppy controller should be used with "
2518 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1332
2520 msgid "B<floppy=one_fdc>"
2524 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1335
2525 msgid "Tells the floppy driver that you have only floppy controller (default)"
2529 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1335
2531 msgid "B<floppy=two_fdc> or B<floppy=address,two_fdc>"
2535 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1341
2537 "Tells the floppy driver that you have two floppy controllers. The second "
2538 "floppy controller is assumed to be at address. If address is not given, "
2543 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1341
2545 msgid "B<floppy=thinkpad>"
2549 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1346
2551 "Tells the floppy driver that you have a Thinkpad. Thinkpads use an inverted "
2552 "convention for the disk change line."
2556 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1346
2558 msgid "B<floppy=0,thinkpad>"
2562 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1349
2563 msgid "Tells the floppy driver that you don't have a Thinkpad."
2567 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1349
2569 msgid "B<floppy=drive,type,cmos>"
2573 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1360
2575 "Sets the cmos type of drive to type. Additionally, this drive is allowed in "
2576 "the bit mask. This is useful if you have more than two floppy drives (only "
2577 "two can be described in the physical cmos), or if your BIOS uses nonstandard "
2578 "CMOS types. Setting the CMOS to 0 for the first two drives (default) makes "
2579 "the floppy driver read the physical cmos for those drives."
2583 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1360
2585 msgid "B<floppy=unexpected_interrupts>"
2589 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1364
2591 "Print a warning message when an unexpected interrupt is received (default "
2596 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1364
2598 msgid "B<floppy=no_unexpected_interrupts> or B<floppy=L40SX>"
2602 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1372
2604 "Don't print a message when an unexpected interrupt is received. This is "
2605 "needed on IBM L40SX laptops in certain video modes. (There seems to be an "
2606 "interaction between video and floppy. The unexpected interrupts only affect "
2607 "performance, and can safely be ignored.)"
2611 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1372
2613 msgid "The sound driver"
2617 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1382
2619 "The sound driver can also accept boot arguments to override the compiled in "
2620 "values. This is not recommended, as it is rather complex. It is described "
2621 "in the Linux kernel source file I<Documentation/sound/oss/README.OSS> "
2622 "(I<drivers/sound/Readme.linux> in older kernel versions). It accepts a boot "
2623 "argument of the form:"
2627 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1386
2629 msgid "sound=device1[,device2[,device3...[,device10]]]\n"
2633 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1391
2635 "where each deviceN value is of the following format 0xTaaaId and the bytes "
2636 "are used as follows:"
2640 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1394
2641 msgid "T - device type: 1=FM, 2=SB, 3=PAS, 4=GUS, 5=MPU401, 6=SB16, 7=SB16-MPU401"
2645 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1396
2646 msgid "aaa - I/O address in hex."
2650 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1398
2651 msgid "I - interrupt line in hex (i.e 10=a, 11=b, ...)"
2655 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1400
2656 msgid "d - DMA channel."
2660 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1405
2662 "As you can see it gets pretty messy, and you are better off to compile in "
2663 "your own personal values as recommended. Using a boot argument of "
2664 "\\&'sound=0' will disable the sound driver entirely."
2668 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1405
2670 msgid "ISDN drivers"
2674 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1406
2676 msgid "B<The ICN ISDN driver>"
2680 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1413
2682 msgid "icn=iobase,membase,icn_id1,icn_id2\n"
2686 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1418
2688 "where icn_id1,icn_id2 are two strings used to identify the card in kernel "
2693 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1418
2695 msgid "B<The PCBIT ISDN driver>"
2699 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1425
2701 msgid "pcbit=membase1,irq1[,membase2,irq2]\n"
2705 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1432
2707 "where membaseN is the shared memory base of the N'th card, and irqN is the "
2708 "interrupt setting of the N'th card. The default is IRQ 5 and membase "
2713 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1432
2715 msgid "B<The Teles ISDN driver>"
2719 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1439
2721 msgid "teles=iobase,irq,membase,protocol,teles_id\n"
2725 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1445
2727 "where iobase is the I/O port address of the card, membase is the shared "
2728 "memory base address of the card, irq is the interrupt channel the card uses, "
2729 "and teles_id is the unique ASCII string identifier."
2733 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1445
2735 msgid "Serial port drivers"
2739 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1446
2741 msgid "B<The RISCom/8 Multiport Serial Driver ('riscom8=')>"
2745 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1453
2747 msgid "riscom=iobase1[,iobase2[,iobase3[,iobase4]]]\n"
2751 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1458
2753 "More details can be found in the kernel source file "
2754 "I<Documentation/riscom8.txt>."
2758 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1458
2760 msgid "B<The DigiBoard Driver ('digi=')>"
2764 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1462
2765 msgid "If this option is used, it should have precisely six parameters. Syntax:"
2769 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1466
2771 msgid "digi=status,type,altpin,numports,iobase,membase\n"
2775 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1480
2777 "The parameters maybe given as integers, or as strings. If strings are used, "
2778 "then iobase and membase should be given in hexadecimal. The integer "
2779 "arguments (fewer may be given) are in order: status (Enable(1) or Disable(0) "
2780 "this card), type (PC/Xi(0), PC/Xe(1), PC/Xeve(2), PC/Xem(3)), altpin "
2781 "(Enable(1) or Disable(0) alternate pin arrangement), numports (number of "
2782 "ports on this card), iobase (I/O Port where card is configured (in HEX)), "
2783 "membase (base of memory window (in HEX)). Thus, the following two boot "
2784 "prompt arguments are equivalent:"
2788 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1485
2791 "digi=E,PC/Xi,D,16,200,D0000\n"
2792 "digi=1,0,0,16,0x200,851968\n"
2796 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1490
2798 "More details can be found in the kernel source file "
2799 "I<Documentation/digiboard.txt>."
2803 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1490
2805 msgid "B<The Baycom Serial/Parallel Radio Modem>"
2809 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1497
2811 msgid "baycom=iobase,irq,modem\n"
2815 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1511
2817 "There are precisely 3 parameters; for several cards, give several 'baycom=' "
2818 "commands. The modem parameter is a string that can take one of the values "
2819 "ser12, ser12*, par96, par96*. Here the * denotes that software DCD is to be "
2820 "used, and ser12/par96 chooses between the supported modem types. For more "
2821 "details, see the file I<Documentation/networking/baycom.txt> (or "
2822 "I<drivers/net/README.baycom> for older kernels) in the Linux kernel source."
2826 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1511
2828 msgid "B<Soundcard radio modem driver>"
2832 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1518
2834 msgid "soundmodem=iobase,irq,dma[,dma2[,serio[,pario]]],0,mode\n"
2838 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1526
2840 "All parameters except the last are integers; the dummy 0 is required because "
2841 "of a bug in the setup code. The mode parameter is a string with syntax "
2842 "hw:modem, where hw is one of sbc, wss, or wssfdx, and modem is one of "
2843 "afsk1200 or fsk9600."
2847 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1526
2849 msgid "The line printer driver"
2853 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1527
2859 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1538
2865 "lp=port[,port...]\n"
2869 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1546
2871 "You can tell the printer driver what ports to use and what ports not to "
2872 "use. The latter comes in handy if you don't want the printer driver to "
2873 "claim all available parallel ports, so that other drivers (e.g., PLIP, PPA) "
2874 "can use them instead."
2878 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1553
2880 "The format of the argument is multiple port names. For example, "
2881 "lp=none,parport0 would use the first parallel port for lp1, and disable "
2882 "lp0. To disable the printer driver entirely, one can use lp=0."
2886 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1553
2888 msgid "B<WDT500/501 driver>"
2892 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1560
2894 msgid "wdt=io,irq\n"
2898 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1562
2900 msgid "Mouse drivers"
2904 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1563
2906 msgid "B<'bmouse=irq'>"
2910 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1567
2912 "The busmouse driver accepts only one parameter, that being the hardware IRQ "
2917 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1567
2919 msgid "B<'msmouse=irq'>"
2923 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1570
2924 msgid "And precisely the same is true for the msmouse driver."
2928 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1570
2930 msgid "B<ATARI mouse setup>"
2934 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1577
2936 msgid "atamouse=threshold[,y-threshold]\n"
2940 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1585
2942 "If only one argument is given, it is used for both x-threshold and "
2943 "y-threshold. Otherwise, the first argument is the x-threshold, and the "
2944 "second the y-threshold. These values must lie between 1 and 20 (inclusive); "
2949 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1585
2951 msgid "Video hardware"
2955 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1586
2957 msgid "B<'no-scroll'>"
2961 #. Linus Torvalds (and many others)
2963 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1595
2965 "This option tells the console driver not to use hardware scroll (where a "
2966 "scroll is effected by moving the screen origin in video memory, instead of "
2967 "moving the data). It is required by certain Braille machines."
2971 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1598
2972 msgid "B<klogd>(8), B<mount>(8)"
2976 #: build/C/man7/bootparam.7:1604
2978 "Large parts of this man page have been derived from the Boot Parameter HOWTO "
2979 "(version 1.0.1) written by Paul Gortmaker. More information may be found in "
2980 "this (or a more recent) HOWTO. An up-to-date source of information is the "
2981 "kernel source file I<Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt>."
2985 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:28
2991 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:28
2997 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:31
2998 msgid "reboot - reboot or enable/disable Ctrl-Alt-Del"
3002 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:36
3005 "/* For libc4 and libc5 the library call and the system call\n"
3006 " are identical, and since kernel version 2.1.30 there are\n"
3007 " symbolic names LINUX_REBOOT_* for the constants and a\n"
3008 " fourth argument to the call: */\n"
3012 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:38 build/C/man2/reboot.2:48 build/C/man2/sync.2:41
3013 msgid "B<#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>>"
3017 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:40
3018 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/reboot.hE<gt>>"
3022 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:42
3024 "B<int reboot(int >I<magic>B<, int >I<magic2>B<, int >I<cmd>B<, void "
3029 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:46
3032 "/* Under glibc some of the constants involved have gotten\n"
3033 " symbolic names RB_*, and the library call is a 1-argument\n"
3034 " wrapper around the 3-argument system call: */\n"
3038 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:50
3039 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/reboot.hE<gt>>"
3043 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:52
3044 msgid "B<int reboot(int >I<cmd>B<);>"
3048 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:59
3050 "The B<reboot>() call reboots the system, or enables/disables the reboot "
3051 "keystroke (abbreviated CAD, since the default is Ctrl-Alt-Delete; it can be "
3052 "changed using B<loadkeys>(1))."
3056 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:86
3058 "This system call will fail (with B<EINVAL>) unless I<magic> equals "
3059 "B<LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC1> (that is, 0xfee1dead) and I<magic2> equals "
3060 "B<LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2> (that is, 672274793). However, since 2.1.17 also "
3061 "B<LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2A> (that is, 85072278) and since 2.1.97 also "
3062 "B<LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2B> (that is, 369367448) and since 2.5.71 also "
3063 "B<LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2C> (that is, 537993216) are permitted as values for "
3064 "I<magic2>. (The hexadecimal values of these constants are meaningful.) The "
3065 "I<cmd> argument can have the following values:"
3069 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:86
3071 msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_CAD_OFF>"
3075 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:96
3077 "(B<RB_DISABLE_CAD>, 0). CAD is disabled. This means that the CAD keystroke "
3078 "will cause a B<SIGINT> signal to be sent to init (process 1), whereupon this "
3079 "process may decide upon a proper action (maybe: kill all processes, sync, "
3084 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:96
3086 msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_CAD_ON>"
3090 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:104
3092 "(B<RB_ENABLE_CAD>, 0x89abcdef). CAD is enabled. This means that the CAD "
3093 "keystroke will immediately cause the action associated with "
3094 "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART>."
3098 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:104
3100 msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_HALT>"
3104 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:113
3106 "(B<RB_HALT_SYSTEM>, 0xcdef0123; since Linux 1.1.76). The message \"System "
3107 "halted.\" is printed, and the system is halted. Control is given to the ROM "
3108 "monitor, if there is one. If not preceded by a B<sync>(2), data will be "
3113 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:113
3115 msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_KEXEC>"
3119 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:121
3121 "(B<RB_KEXEC>, 0x45584543, since Linux 2.6.13). Execute a kernel that has "
3122 "been loaded earlier with B<kexec_load>(2). This option is available only if "
3123 "the kernel was configured with B<CONFIG_KEXEC>."
3127 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:121
3129 msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_POWER_OFF>"
3133 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:130
3135 "(B<RB_POWER_OFF>, 0x4321fedc; since Linux 2.1.30). The message \"Power "
3136 "down.\" is printed, the system is stopped, and all power is removed from the "
3137 "system, if possible. If not preceded by a B<sync>(2), data will be lost."
3141 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:130
3143 msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART>"
3147 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:139
3149 "(B<RB_AUTOBOOT>, 0x1234567). The message \"Restarting system.\" is printed, "
3150 "and a default restart is performed immediately. If not preceded by a "
3151 "B<sync>(2), data will be lost."
3155 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:139
3157 msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART2>"
3161 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:149
3163 "(0xa1b2c3d4; since Linux 2.1.30). The message \"Restarting system with "
3164 "command \\(aq%s\\(aq\" is printed, and a restart (using the command string "
3165 "given in I<arg>) is performed immediately. If not preceded by a "
3166 "B<sync>(2), data will be lost."
3170 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:149
3172 msgid "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_SW_SUSPEND>"
3176 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:156
3178 "(B<RB_SW_SUSPEND>, 0xd000fce1; since Linux 2.5.18). The system is suspended "
3179 "(hibernated) to disk. This option is available only if the kernel was "
3180 "configured with B<CONFIG_HIBERNATION>."
3184 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:159
3185 msgid "Only the superuser may call B<reboot>()."
3189 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:165
3191 "The precise effect of the above actions depends on the architecture. For "
3192 "the i386 architecture, the additional argument does not do anything at "
3193 "present (2.1.122), but the type of reboot can be determined by kernel "
3194 "command-line arguments (\"reboot=...\") to be either warm or cold, and "
3195 "either hard or through the BIOS."
3199 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:165
3201 msgid "Behavior inside PID namespaces"
3204 #. commit cf3f89214ef6a33fad60856bc5ffd7bb2fc4709b
3205 #. see also commit 923c7538236564c46ee80c253a416705321f13e3
3207 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:186
3209 "Since Linux 3.4, when B<reboot>() is called from a PID namespace (see "
3210 "B<pid_namespaces>(7)) other than the initial PID namespace, the effect of "
3211 "the call is to send a signal to the namespace \"init\" process. "
3212 "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART> and B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART2> cause a "
3213 "B<SIGHUP> signal to be sent. B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_POWER_OFF> and "
3214 "B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_HALT> cause a B<SIGINT> signal to be sent."
3218 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:199
3220 "For the values of I<cmd> that stop or restart the system, a successful call "
3221 "to B<reboot>() does not return. For the other I<cmd> values, zero is "
3222 "returned on success. In all cases, -1 is returned on failure, and I<errno> "
3223 "is set appropriately."
3227 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:204
3228 msgid "Problem with getting user-space data under B<LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART2>."
3232 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:207
3233 msgid "Bad magic numbers or I<cmd>."
3237 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:214
3239 "The calling process has insufficient privilege to call B<reboot>(); the "
3240 "B<CAP_SYS_BOOT> capability is required."
3244 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:218
3246 "B<reboot>() is Linux-specific, and should not be used in programs intended "
3251 #: build/C/man2/reboot.2:225
3253 "B<sync>(2), B<bootparam>(7), B<capabilities>(7), B<ctrlaltdel>(8), "
3254 "B<halt>(8), B<reboot>(8)"
3258 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:36
3264 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:39
3265 msgid "sync, syncfs - commit buffer cache to disk"
3269 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:43
3270 msgid "B<void sync(void);>"
3274 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:45
3275 msgid "B<int syncfs(int >I<fd>B<);>"
3279 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:49
3280 msgid "Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see B<feature_test_macros>(7)):"
3284 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:52
3289 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:56
3291 "_BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<gt>=\\ 500 || _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ &&\\ "
3292 "_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED"
3296 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:60
3297 msgid "B<syncfs>():"
3301 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:63
3306 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:69
3308 "B<sync>() causes all buffered modifications to file metadata and data to be "
3309 "written to the underlying filesystems."
3313 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:76
3315 "B<syncfs>() is like B<sync>(), but synchronizes just the filesystem "
3316 "containing file referred to by the open file descriptor I<fd>."
3320 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:82
3322 "B<syncfs>() returns 0 on success; on error, it returns -1 and sets I<errno> "
3323 "to indicate the error."
3327 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:85
3328 msgid "B<sync>() is always successful."
3332 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:88
3333 msgid "B<syncfs>() can fail for at least the following reason:"
3337 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:88
3343 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:92
3344 msgid "I<fd> is not a valid file descriptor."
3348 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:92
3354 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:96
3356 "B<syncfs>() first appeared in Linux 2.6.39; library support was added to "
3357 "glibc in version 2.14."
3361 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:99
3362 msgid "B<sync>(): SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001."
3366 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:102
3367 msgid "B<syncfs>() is Linux-specific."
3371 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:102
3377 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:111
3379 "Since glibc 2.2.2, the Linux prototype for B<sync>() is as listed above, "
3380 "following the various standards. In glibc 2.2.1 and earlier, it was \"int "
3381 "sync(void)\", and B<sync>() always returned 0."
3385 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:111
3391 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:119
3393 "According to the standard specification (e.g., POSIX.1-2001), B<sync>() "
3394 "schedules the writes, but may return before the actual writing is done. "
3395 "However, since version 1.3.20 Linux does actually wait. (This still does "
3396 "not guarantee data integrity: modern disks have large caches.)"
3400 #: build/C/man2/sync.2:124
3401 msgid "B<bdflush>(2), B<fdatasync>(2), B<fsync>(2), B<sync>(1)"
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