1 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
4 # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
8 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
9 "POT-Creation-Date: 2015-01-21 20:35+0900\n"
10 "PO-Revision-Date: 2015-01-11 04:22+0900\n"
11 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
12 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
15 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
16 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
19 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25
25 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25
31 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25 build/C/man2/futex.2:53
32 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27
33 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
34 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
35 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:26 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
36 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27
37 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:32 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
38 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:46
39 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19
40 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25 build/C/man2/splice.2:26
41 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vm86.2:26 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
47 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25 build/C/man2/futex.2:53
48 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26
49 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24
50 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8 build/C/man2/outb.2:26
51 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27
52 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27 build/C/man2/personality.2:32
53 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29
54 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:46 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27
55 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25
56 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:26 build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vm86.2:26
57 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
59 msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual"
60 msgstr "Linux Programmer's Manual"
63 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:26 build/C/man2/futex.2:54
64 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:30 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:28
65 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:27 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:28
66 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:25 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:9
67 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:27 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:9
68 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:28 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:28
69 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:33 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:11
70 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:30 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:47
71 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:28 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:20
72 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:26 build/C/man2/splice.2:27
73 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:27 build/C/man2/vm86.2:27 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:27
79 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:28
80 msgid "arch_prctl - set architecture-specific thread state"
81 msgstr "arch_prctl - アーキテクチャ固有のスレッド状態を設定する"
84 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:28 build/C/man2/futex.2:56
85 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:32 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:30
86 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:29 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:30
87 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:27 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:11
88 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:31 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:11
89 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:30 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:30
90 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:35 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:13
91 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:32 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:49
92 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:30 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:22
93 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:28 build/C/man2/splice.2:29
94 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:29 build/C/man2/vm86.2:29 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:29
100 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:31
102 msgid "B<#include E<lt>asm/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
103 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>asm/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
106 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:33
108 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
109 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
112 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:36
115 "B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long >I<addr>B<);>\n"
116 "B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long *>I<addr>B<);>\n"
117 msgstr "B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long *>I<addr>B<);>\n"
119 #. Return type was long before glibc 2.7
121 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:37 build/C/man2/futex.2:70
122 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:45 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:40
123 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:39 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:32
124 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:36 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:18
125 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:62 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:22
126 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:42 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:39
127 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:39 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:18
128 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:66 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:56
129 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:38 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:47
130 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:34 build/C/man2/splice.2:39
131 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:38 build/C/man2/vm86.2:35 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:39
137 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:52
139 "The B<arch_prctl>() function sets architecture-specific process or thread "
140 "state. I<code> selects a subfunction and passes argument I<addr> to it; "
141 "I<addr> is interpreted as either an I<unsigned long> for the \"set\" "
142 "operations, or as an I<unsigned long\\ *>, for the \"get\" operations."
144 "B<arch_prctl>() 関数はアーキテクチャ固有のプロセス状態またはスレッド状態を設"
145 "定する。 I<code> は副機能を選択し、引き数 I<addr> を副機能に渡す。 I<addr> "
146 "は、\"set\" 操作では I<unsigned long> として、\"get\" 操作では I<unsigned "
147 "long\\ *> として解釈される。"
150 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:54
151 msgid "Subfunctions for x86-64 are:"
152 msgstr "x86-64 の副機能は以下の通り:"
155 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:54
157 msgid "B<ARCH_SET_FS>"
158 msgstr "B<ARCH_SET_FS>"
161 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:60
162 msgid "Set the 64-bit base for the I<FS> register to I<addr>."
163 msgstr "I<FS> レジスタの 64 ビットベースを I<addr> に設定する。"
166 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:60
168 msgid "B<ARCH_GET_FS>"
169 msgstr "B<ARCH_GET_FS>"
172 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:68
174 "Return the 64-bit base value for the I<FS> register of the current thread in "
175 "the I<unsigned long> pointed to by I<addr>."
177 "現在のスレッドの I<FS> レジスタの 64 ビットベース値を、 I<addr> が指す "
178 "I<unsigned long> の領域に格納する。"
181 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:68
183 msgid "B<ARCH_SET_GS>"
184 msgstr "B<ARCH_SET_GS>"
187 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:74
188 msgid "Set the 64-bit base for the I<GS> register to I<addr>."
189 msgstr "I<GS> レジスタの 64 ビットベースを I<addr> に設定する。"
192 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:74
194 msgid "B<ARCH_GET_GS>"
195 msgstr "B<ARCH_GET_GS>"
198 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:82
200 "Return the 64-bit base value for the I<GS> register of the current thread in "
201 "the I<unsigned long> pointed to by I<addr>."
203 "現在のスレッドの I<GS> レジスタの 64 ビットベース値を、 I<addr> が指す "
204 "I<unsigned long> の領域に格納する。"
207 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:82 build/C/man2/futex.2:216
208 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:78 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:81
209 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:117 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:43
210 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:98 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:53
211 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:50 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2526
212 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:190 build/C/man2/personality.2:62
213 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:101 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:225
214 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1896 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:419
215 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:108 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:88
216 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:135 build/C/man2/tee.2:85 build/C/man2/vm86.2:54
217 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:117
223 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:88
225 "On success, B<arch_prctl>() returns 0; on error, -1 is returned, and "
226 "I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
228 "成功すると、 B<arch_prctl>() は 0 を返す。エラーの場合、-1 を返し、 "
229 "I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
232 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:88 build/C/man2/futex.2:241
233 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:85 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:88
234 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:124 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:50
235 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:108 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:77
236 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2532 build/C/man2/personality.2:69
237 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:105 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:245
238 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1911 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:427
239 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:115 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:91
240 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:150 build/C/man2/tee.2:100 build/C/man2/vm86.2:59
241 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:126
247 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:89 build/C/man2/futex.2:256
248 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:112 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:51
249 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:109 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2578
250 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:267 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:272
251 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1915 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:428
252 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:125 build/C/man2/vm86.2:60
258 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:93
260 "I<addr> points to an unmapped address or is outside the process address "
263 "I<addr> がアンマップされたアドレスを指しているか、プロセスのアドレス空間の外"
267 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:93 build/C/man2/futex.2:268
268 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:89 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:129
269 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:54 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:113
270 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:78 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2583
271 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:70 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:114
272 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:246 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:257
273 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:261 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1926
274 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:434 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:501
275 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:128 build/C/man2/splice.2:161
276 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:107 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:137
282 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:97
283 msgid "I<code> is not a valid subcommand."
284 msgstr "I<code> が有効なサブコマンドでない。"
287 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:97 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:99
288 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:136 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:65
289 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:105 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2650
290 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:120 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:283
291 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1936 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:456
292 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:68
298 #. Man page written by Andi Kleen.
300 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:103
301 msgid "I<addr> is outside the process address space."
302 msgstr "I<addr> がプロセスのアドレス空間の外にある。"
305 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:103 build/C/man2/futex.2:303
306 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:96 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:145
307 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:78 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:130
308 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:58 build/C/man2/outb.2:87
309 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:112 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2671
310 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:199 build/C/man2/personality.2:73
311 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:128 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:295
312 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1954 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:148
313 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:97 build/C/man2/splice.2:184
314 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:125 build/C/man2/vm86.2:73 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:153
316 msgid "CONFORMING TO"
320 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:107
322 "B<arch_prctl>() is a Linux/x86-64 extension and should not be used in "
323 "programs intended to be portable."
325 "B<arch_prctl>() は Linux/x86-64 拡張であり、移植性を意図したプログラムでは使"
329 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:107 build/C/man2/futex.2:305
330 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:118 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:99
331 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:147 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:81
332 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:133 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2676
333 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:202 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:131
334 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:297 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1956
335 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:155 build/C/man2/splice.2:186
336 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:127 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:155
342 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:110
344 "B<arch_prctl>() is supported only on Linux/x86-64 for 64-bit programs "
347 "B<arch_prctl>() は現在のところ Linux/x86-64 上の 64 ビットプログラムでのみサ"
351 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:112
352 msgid "The 64-bit base changes when a new 32-bit segment selector is loaded."
354 "新しい 32 ビットセグメントセレクタがロードされた場合、 64 ビットベースは変更"
358 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:115
359 msgid "B<ARCH_SET_GS> is disabled in some kernels."
360 msgstr "B<ARCH_SET_GS> が無効にされているカーネルもある。"
363 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:130
365 "Context switches for 64-bit segment bases are rather expensive. It may be a "
366 "faster alternative to set a 32-bit base using a segment selector by setting "
367 "up an LDT with B<modify_ldt>(2) or using the B<set_thread_area>(2) system "
368 "call in kernel 2.5 or later. B<arch_prctl>() is needed only when you want "
369 "to set bases that are larger than 4GB. Memory in the first 2GB of address "
370 "space can be allocated by using B<mmap>(2) with the B<MAP_32BIT> flag."
372 "64 ビットセグメントベースのコンテキストスイッチは、やや高価である。 LDT を "
373 "B<modify_ldt>(2) で設定してセグメントセレクタを使うか、 (カーネル 2.5 以降"
374 "の) B<set_thread_area>(2) システムコールを使うことにより、 32 ビットベース"
375 "を設定するという高速な代替手段もある。 4GB より大きなベースを設定したい場合に"
376 "のみ、 B<arch_prctl>() が必要である。 アドレス空間の最初の 2GB にあるメモリ"
377 "は、 B<mmap>(2) に B<MAP_32BIT> フラグを指定して割り当てることができる。"
380 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:135
382 "As of version 2.7, glibc provides no prototype for B<arch_prctl>(). You "
383 "have to declare it yourself for now. This may be fixed in future glibc "
386 "バージョン 2.7 時点では、glibc には B<arch_prctl>() のプロトタイプがない。 "
387 "今のところユーザは自分自身で宣言する必要がある。 これは将来の glibc のバー"
391 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:138
392 msgid "I<FS> may be already used by the threading library."
393 msgstr "I<FS> はスレッドライブラリで既に使われているかもしれない。"
396 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:138 build/C/man2/futex.2:319
397 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:127 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:111
398 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:162 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:136
399 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:96 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:114
400 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2807 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:205
401 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:143 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:347
402 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2122 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:507
403 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:197 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:99
404 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:240 build/C/man2/tee.2:214
405 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:164
411 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:143
412 msgid "B<mmap>(2), B<modify_ldt>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<set_thread_area>(2)"
413 msgstr "B<mmap>(2), B<modify_ldt>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<set_thread_area>(2)"
416 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:144
417 msgid "AMD X86-64 Programmer's manual"
418 msgstr "AMD X86-64 Programmer's manual"
421 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:53
427 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:53
433 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:56
434 msgid "futex - fast user-space locking"
435 msgstr "futex - 高速ユーザ空間ロック"
438 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:61
441 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
442 "B<#include E<lt>sys/time.hE<gt>>\n"
444 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
445 "B<#include E<lt>sys/time.hE<gt>>\n"
448 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:64
450 msgid "B<int futex(int *>I<uaddr>B<, int >I<op>B<, int >I<val>B<, const struct timespec *>I<timeout>B<,>\n"
451 msgstr "B<int futex(int *>I<uaddr>B<, int >I<op>B<, int >I<val>B<, const struct timespec *>I<timeout>B<,>\n"
453 #. int *? void *? u32 *?
455 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:67
457 msgid "B< int *>I<uaddr2>B<, int >I<val3>B<);>\n"
458 msgstr "B< int *>I<uaddr2>B<, int >I<val3>B<);>\n"
461 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:70 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:40
462 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:39 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:36
463 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:42 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:39
464 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:18
465 msgid "I<Note>: There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES."
467 "I<注>: このシステムコールには glibc のラッパー関数は存在しない。「注意」の節"
471 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:86
473 "The B<futex>() system call provides a method for a program to wait for a "
474 "value at a given address to change, and a method to wake up anyone waiting "
475 "on a particular address (while the addresses for the same memory in separate "
476 "processes may not be equal, the kernel maps them internally so the same "
477 "memory mapped in different locations will correspond for B<futex>() "
478 "calls). This system call is typically used to implement the contended case "
479 "of a lock in shared memory, as described in B<futex>(7)."
481 "B<futex>() システムコールは、 指定したアドレスの値が変更されるのをプログラム"
482 "が待つ手段や 特定のアドレスに対して待機中のプロセスを wake (起床) させる手段"
483 "を提供する (プロセスが異なれば同じメモリに対するアドレスも同じではないかもし"
484 "れないが、 カーネルは異なる位置にマップされた同じメモリを B<futex>() で使え"
485 "るよう内部でマップする)。 通常は、このシステムコールは B<futex>(7) に書かれ"
486 "ているように、 共有メモリ中のロックが競合する場合の処理を実装するのに用いられ"
490 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:93
492 "When a B<futex>(7) operation did not finish uncontended in user space, a "
493 "call needs to be made to the kernel to arbitrate. Arbitration can either "
494 "mean putting the calling process to sleep or, conversely, waking a waiting "
497 "B<futex>(7) の操作がユーザ空間で競合なく完了しなかった場合、 カーネルに仲裁"
498 "させるためにシステムコールを呼ぶ必要がある。 仲裁というのは、呼び出しプロセス"
499 "を sleep (起床待ち) させたり、反対に 待ちプロセスを wake させたりすることを意"
503 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:100
505 "Callers of this function are expected to adhere to the semantics as set out "
506 "in B<futex>(7). As these semantics involve writing nonportable assembly "
507 "instructions, this in turn probably means that most users will in fact be "
508 "library authors and not general application developers."
510 "この関数を呼び出すプロセスは B<futex>(7) に記述されているセマンティクスに忠"
511 "実であることが要求される。 このセマンティクスには移植不可能なアセンブリ命令を"
512 "書くことが含まれる。 このことは言い換えると futex のユーザのほとんどは実際は"
513 "ライブラリの作者であり、 一般アプリケーションの開発者ではないということであ"
517 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:108
519 "The I<uaddr> argument needs to point to an aligned integer which stores the "
520 "counter. The operation to execute is passed via the I<op> argument, along "
521 "with a value I<val>."
523 "I<uaddr> 引き数は、カウンタを格納する、 アラインメントの揃った int 型変数を指"
524 "している必要がある。 実行する操作は I<op> 引き数を介して、値 I<val> とともに"
528 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:110
529 msgid "Five operations are currently defined:"
530 msgstr "現在のところ 5 つの操作が定義されている:"
533 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:110 build/C/man2/futex.2:223
535 msgid "B<FUTEX_WAIT>"
536 msgstr "B<FUTEX_WAIT>"
539 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:133
541 "This operation atomically verifies that the futex address I<uaddr> still "
542 "contains the value I<val>, and sleeps awaiting B<FUTEX_WAKE> on this futex "
543 "address. If the I<timeout> argument is non-NULL, its contents specify the "
544 "duration of the wait. (This interval will be rounded up to the system clock "
545 "granularity, and kernel scheduling delays mean that the blocking interval "
546 "may overrun by a small amount.) If I<timeout> is NULL, the call blocks "
547 "indefinitely. The arguments I<uaddr2> and I<val3> are ignored."
549 "この操作は futex アドレス I<uaddr> に指定された値 I<val> がまだ格納されている"
550 "かどうかを不可分操作で検証し、 sleep 状態で この futex アドレスに対して "
551 "B<FUTEX_WAKE> が実行されるのを待つ。 I<timeout> 引き数が NULL でない場合、そ"
552 "の内容は待ち時間の最大値を表す (この停止時間はシステムクロックの粒度に切り上"
553 "げられ、 カーネルのスケジューリング遅延により少しだけ長くなる可能性がある)。 "
554 "NULL の場合、 呼び出しは無限に停止する。 引き数 I<uaddr2> と I<val3> は無視さ"
558 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:141
560 "For B<futex>(7), this call is executed if decrementing the count gave a "
561 "negative value (indicating contention), and will sleep until another process "
562 "releases the futex and executes the B<FUTEX_WAKE> operation."
564 "B<futex>(7) に照らし合わせると、この呼び出しは カウントのデクリメントで負の"
565 "値 (競合を表す) になった場合に実行され、 別のプロセスがその futex を解放し "
566 "B<FUTEX_WAKE> の操作を実行するまで sleep する。"
569 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:141 build/C/man2/futex.2:229
571 msgid "B<FUTEX_WAKE>"
572 msgstr "B<FUTEX_WAKE>"
575 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:152
577 "This operation wakes at most I<val> processes waiting on this futex address "
578 "(i.e., inside B<FUTEX_WAIT>). The arguments I<timeout>, I<uaddr2> and "
579 "I<val3> are ignored."
581 "この操作では指定した futex アドレスに対して待ち状態の (すなわち "
582 "B<FUTEX_WAIT> 中の) 最大 I<val> 個のプロセスを wake させる。 引き数 "
583 "I<timeout>, I<uaddr2>, I<val3> は無視される。"
586 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:158
588 "For B<futex>(7), this is executed if incrementing the count showed that "
589 "there were waiters, once the futex value has been set to 1 (indicating that "
592 "B<futex>(4) に照らし合わせると、 この操作は カウントのインクリメントで待ちプ"
593 "ロセスがあると判明し、 futex 値が 1 に設定された (利用可能であることを表す) "
597 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:158
599 msgid "B<FUTEX_FD> (present up to and including Linux 2.6.25)"
600 msgstr "B<FUTEX_FD> (Linux 2.6.25 以前)"
602 #. , suitable for .BR poll (2).
604 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:174
606 "To support asynchronous wakeups, this operation associates a file descriptor "
607 "with a futex. If another process executes a B<FUTEX_WAKE>, the process will "
608 "receive the signal number that was passed in I<val>. The calling process "
609 "must close the returned file descriptor after use. The arguments "
610 "I<timeout>, I<uaddr2> and I<val3> are ignored."
612 "非同期の wake に対応するため、この操作はファイルディスクリプタを futex に 関"
613 "連づける。 別のプロセスが B<FUTEX_WAKE> を実行すると、プロセスは I<val> で渡"
614 "されたシグナル番号のシグナルを受信する。 呼び出しプロセスは使用後、返された"
615 "ファイルディスクリプタを クローズしなければならない。 引き数 I<timeout>, "
616 "I<uaddr2>, I<val3> は無視される。"
619 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:179
621 "To prevent race conditions, the caller should test if the futex has been "
622 "upped after B<FUTEX_FD> returns."
624 "競合状態を防止するため、呼び出しプロセスは B<FUTEX_FD> が返ったあと futex が "
625 "up されたかどうかを確認しなければならない。"
628 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:183
630 "Because it was inherently racy, B<FUTEX_FD> has been removed from Linux "
633 "B<FUTEX_FD> はもともと競合が起きやすかったため、 Linux 2.6.26 以降で削除され"
637 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:183
639 msgid "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> (since Linux 2.5.70)"
640 msgstr "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> (Linux 2.5.70 以降)"
643 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:198
645 "This operation was introduced in order to avoid a \"thundering herd\" effect "
646 "when B<FUTEX_WAKE> is used and all processes woken up need to acquire "
647 "another futex. This call wakes up I<val> processes, and requeues all other "
648 "waiters on the futex at address I<uaddr2>. The arguments I<timeout> and "
649 "I<val3> are ignored."
651 "この操作は、 B<FUTEX_WAKE> が使われていて、かつ wake されている全てのプロセス"
652 "が 他の futex を取得する必要がある場合に、 「獣の群れの暴走 (thundering "
653 "herd)」効果を避けるために導入された。 この呼び出しは I<val> 個のプロセスを "
654 "wake し、アドレス I<uaddr2> で futex を待っている他の全てのプロセスを再度"
655 "キューにいれる。 引き数 I<timeout> と I<val3> は無視される。"
658 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:198
660 msgid "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> (since Linux 2.6.7)"
661 msgstr "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> (Linux 2.6.7 以降)"
664 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:216
666 "There was a race in the intended use of B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>, so "
667 "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> was introduced. This is similar to B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>, "
668 "but first checks whether the location I<uaddr> still contains the value "
669 "I<val3>. If not, the operation fails with the error B<EAGAIN>. The "
670 "argument I<timeout> is ignored."
672 "故意に B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> を使う場合に競合が起こるため、 B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> "
673 "が導入された。これは B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> と似ているが、場所 I<uaddr> に値 "
674 "I<val3> がまだ保持されているかを最初にチェックする。 保持されていない場合、操"
675 "作はエラー B<EAGAIN> で失敗する。引き数 I<timeout> は無視される。"
678 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:223
680 "In the event of an error, all operations return -1, and set I<errno> to "
681 "indicate the error. The return value on success depends on the operation, "
682 "as described in the following list:"
684 "エラーの場合、全ての操作で -1 が返り、 I<errno> がエラーの内容を示す値に設定"
685 "される。成功時の返り値は操作によって異なり、以下のリストに書かれている通りで"
689 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:229
691 "Returns 0 if the process was woken by a B<FUTEX_WAKE> call. See ERRORS for "
692 "the various possible error returns."
694 "そのプロセスが B<FUTEX_WAKE> により wake された場合 0 を返す。発生する可能性"
695 "があるエラーについては「エラー」の節を参照。"
698 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:232 build/C/man2/futex.2:238 build/C/man2/futex.2:241
699 msgid "Returns the number of processes woken up."
700 msgstr "wake したプロセスの数を返す。"
703 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:232
709 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:235
710 msgid "Returns the new file descriptor associated with the futex."
711 msgstr "futex に関連づけられた新たなファイルディスクリプタを返す。"
714 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:235
716 msgid "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>"
717 msgstr "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>"
720 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:238
722 msgid "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE>"
723 msgstr "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE>"
726 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:242 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2554
727 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:486
733 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:245
734 msgid "No read access to futex memory."
735 msgstr "futex メモリに読み込みアクセス権がなかった。"
738 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:245 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:116
739 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:151 build/C/man2/tee.2:101
740 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:127
746 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:256
748 "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> detected that the value pointed to by I<uaddr> is not "
749 "equal to the expected value I<val3>. (This probably indicates a race; use "
750 "the safe B<FUTEX_WAKE> now.)"
752 "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> で、I<uaddr> が指す値が期待値 I<val3> と異なる状況が検出"
753 "された。 (これは競合を示しているかもしれない。この場合は安全な B<FUTEX_WAKE> "
757 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:261
758 msgid "Error retrieving I<timeout> information from user space."
759 msgstr "ユーザ空間から I<timeout> の情報を取得する際にエラーが発生した。"
762 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:261
768 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:268
770 "A B<FUTEX_WAIT> operation was interrupted by a signal (see B<signal>(7)) or "
773 "B<FUTEX_WAIT> 操作がシグナル (B<signal>(7) 参照) もしくは偽の wakeup により中"
777 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:271
778 msgid "Invalid argument."
782 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:271
788 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:274
789 msgid "The system limit on the total number of open files has been reached."
790 msgstr "オープンされているファイルの総数がシステムの制限に達した。"
793 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:274 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:126
794 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:93 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2636
795 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:447 build/C/man2/vm86.2:64
801 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:278
802 msgid "Invalid operation specified in I<op>."
803 msgstr "I<op> に無効な操作が指定された。"
806 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:278
809 msgstr "B<ETIMEDOUT>"
812 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:283
813 msgid "Timeout during the B<FUTEX_WAIT> operation."
814 msgstr "B<FUTEX_WAIT> 操作でタイムアウトが発生した。"
817 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:283
819 msgid "B<EWOULDBLOCK>"
820 msgstr "B<EWOULDBLOCK>"
823 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:293
825 "I<op> was B<FUTEX_WAIT> and the value pointed to by I<uaddr> was not equal "
826 "to the expected value I<val> at the time of the call."
828 "I<op> が B<FUTEX_WAIT> で、その呼び出しにおいて I<uaddr> が指す値が期待値 "
832 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:293 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:116
833 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:94 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:141
834 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:73 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:196
835 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:125 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:292
836 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:142 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:94
837 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:179 build/C/man2/tee.2:120
838 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:148
844 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:303
846 "Initial futex support was merged in Linux 2.5.7 but with different semantics "
847 "from what was described above. A 4-argument system call with the semantics "
848 "described in this page was introduced in Linux 2.5.40. In Linux 2.5.70, one "
849 "argument was added. In Linux 2.6.7, a sixth argument was added\\(emmessy, "
850 "especially on the s390 architecture."
852 "最初の futex 対応は Linux 2.5.7 で組み込まれたが、 上記のセマンティクスとは異"
853 "なる。 4 つの引き数のここに書かれているセマンティクスを持つ システムコール"
854 "は、Linux 2.5.40 で導入された。 Linux 2.5.70 では 1 つの引き数が追加された。 "
855 "Linux 2.6.7 では 6 番目の引き数が追加された。 これは汚く、s390 アーキテクチャ"
859 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:305 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:147
860 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:99 build/C/man2/splice.2:186
861 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:127 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:155
862 msgid "This system call is Linux-specific."
863 msgstr "このシステムコールは Linux 固有である。"
867 #. Futexes were designed and worked on by
868 #. Hubertus Franke (IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center),
869 #. Matthew Kirkwood, Ingo Molnar (Red Hat)
870 #. and Rusty Russell (IBM Linux Technology Center).
871 #. This page written by bert hubert.
873 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:319
875 "To reiterate, bare futexes are not intended as an easy-to-use abstraction "
876 "for end-users. (There is no wrapper function for this system call in "
877 "glibc.) Implementors are expected to be assembly literate and to have read "
878 "the sources of the futex user-space library referenced below."
880 "繰り返すが、裸の futex はエンドユーザが容易に使うことのできる概念として 意図"
881 "されたものではない (glibc にはこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数はな"
882 "い)。 実装者は、アセンブリ言語に慣れており、以下に挙げる futex ユーザ空間ライ"
883 "ブラリの ソースを読み終えていることが要求される。"
886 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:322
887 msgid "B<restart_syscall>(2), B<futex>(7)"
888 msgstr "B<restart_syscall>(2), B<futex>(7)"
891 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:325
893 "I<Fuss, Futexes and Furwocks: Fast Userlevel Locking in Linux> (proceedings "
894 "of the Ottawa Linux Symposium 2002), online at"
896 "I<Fuss, Futexes and Furwocks: Fast Userlevel Locking in Linux> (proceedings "
897 "of the Ottawa Linux Symposium 2002), online at"
900 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:328
902 "E<.UR http://kernel.org\\:/doc\\:/ols\\:/2002\\:/ols2002-pages-479-495.pdf> "
905 "E<.UR http://kernel.org\\:/doc\\:/ols\\:/2002\\:/ols2002-pages-479-495.pdf> "
909 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:330
910 msgid "Futex example library, futex-*.tar.bz2 at"
911 msgstr "futex の使用例ライブラリ, futex-*.tar.bz2"
914 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:332
916 "E<.UR ftp://ftp.kernel.org\\:/pub\\:/linux\\:/kernel\\:/people\\:/rusty/> E<."
919 "E<.UR ftp://ftp.kernel.org\\:/pub\\:/linux\\:/kernel\\:/people\\:/rusty/> E<."
923 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29
925 msgid "GET_ROBUST_LIST"
926 msgstr "GET_ROBUST_LIST"
929 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29
935 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29
937 msgid "Linux System Calls"
938 msgstr "Linux System Calls"
941 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:32
942 msgid "get_robust_list, set_robust_list - get/set list of robust futexes"
946 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:37
949 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
950 "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
951 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
953 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
954 "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
955 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
958 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:41
961 "B<long get_robust_list(int >I<pid>B<, struct robust_list_head **>I<head_ptr>B<,>\n"
962 "B< size_t *>I<len_ptr>B<);>\n"
963 "B<long set_robust_list(struct robust_list_head *>I<head>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);>\n"
967 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:45
968 msgid "I<Note>: There are no glibc wrappers for these system calls; see NOTES."
970 "I<注意>: これらのシステムコールには glibc ラッパー関数は存在しない。 「注意」"
974 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:50
976 "The robust futex implementation needs to maintain per-thread lists of robust "
977 "futexes which are unlocked when the thread exits. These lists are managed "
978 "in user space; the kernel is notified about only the location of the head of "
983 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:66
985 "The B<get_robust_list>() system call returns the head of the robust futex "
986 "list of the thread whose thread ID is specified in I<pid>. If I<pid> is 0, "
987 "the head of the list for the calling thread is returned. The list head is "
988 "stored in the location pointed to by I<head_ptr>. The size of the object "
989 "pointed to by I<**head_ptr> is stored in I<len_ptr>."
993 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:78
995 "The B<set_robust_list>() system call requests the kernel to record the head "
996 "of the list of robust futexes owned by the calling thread. The I<head> "
997 "argument is the list head to record. The I<len> argument should be "
1002 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:85
1004 "The B<set_robust_list>() and B<get_robust_list>() system calls return zero "
1005 "when the operation is successful, an error code otherwise."
1009 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:89
1011 "The B<set_robust_list>() system call can fail with the following error:"
1015 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:95
1017 "I<len> does not match the size of structure B<struct robust_list_head> "
1018 "expected by kernel."
1022 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:99
1024 "The B<get_robust_list>() system call can fail with the following errors:"
1028 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:107
1030 "The calling process does not have permission to see the robust futex list of "
1031 "the thread with the thread ID I<pid>, and does not have the "
1032 "B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE> capability."
1036 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:107 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2663
1037 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:287 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1949
1038 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:461 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:504
1044 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:112
1045 msgid "No thread with the thread ID I<pid> could be found."
1049 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:116
1051 "The head of the robust futex list can't be stored at the location I<head>."
1055 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:118
1057 #| msgid "The B<kexec_load>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.13."
1058 msgid "These system calls were added in Linux 2.6.17."
1059 msgstr "B<kexec_load>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.13 で初めて登場した。"
1062 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:123
1064 "These system calls are not needed by normal applications. No support for "
1065 "them is provided in glibc. In the unlikely event that you want to call them "
1066 "directly, use B<syscall>(2)."
1068 "通常のアプリケーションでは、これらのシステムコールは必要ではない。 glibc によ"
1069 "るサポートは提供されていない。おそらくないと思うが、このシステムコールを直接"
1070 "呼び出したい場合は B<syscall>(2) を使うこと。"
1073 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:127
1075 "A thread can have only one robust futex list; therefore applications that "
1076 "wish to use this functionality should use the robust mutexes provided by "
1080 #. .BR pthread_mutexattr_setrobust_np (3)
1082 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:130
1084 msgstr "B<futex>(2)"
1087 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:134
1089 "I<Documentation/robust-futexes.txt> and I<Documentation/robust-futex-ABI."
1090 "txt> in the Linux kernel source tree"
1094 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27
1100 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27
1106 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:30
1107 msgid "getunwind - copy the unwind data to caller's buffer"
1111 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:34
1114 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1115 "B<#include E<lt>linux/unwind.hE<gt>>\n"
1117 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1118 "B<#include E<lt>linux/unwind.hE<gt>>\n"
1121 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:36
1123 msgid "B<long getunwind(void >I<*buf>B<, size_t >I<buf_size>B<);>\n"
1127 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:42
1128 msgid "I<Note: this function is obsolete.>"
1132 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:52
1134 "The IA-64-specific B<getunwind>() system call copies the kernel's call "
1135 "frame unwind data into the buffer pointed to by I<buf> and returns the size "
1136 "of the unwind data; this data describes the gate page (kernel code that is "
1137 "mapped into user space)."
1141 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:64
1143 "The size of the buffer I<buf> is specified in I<buf_size>. The data is "
1144 "copied only if I<buf_size> is greater than or equal to the size of the "
1145 "unwind data and I<buf> is not NULL; otherwise, no data is copied, and the "
1146 "call succeeds, returning the size that would be needed to store the unwind "
1151 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:68
1153 "The first part of the unwind data contains an unwind table. The rest "
1154 "contains the associated unwind information, in no particular order. The "
1155 "unwind table contains entries of the following form:"
1159 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:73
1162 " u64 start; (64-bit address of start of function)\n"
1163 " u64 end; (64-bit address of end of function)\n"
1164 " u64 info; (BUF-relative offset to unwind info)\n"
1168 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:81
1170 "An entry whose I<start> value is zero indicates the end of the table. For "
1171 "more information about the format, see the I<IA-64 Software Conventions and "
1172 "Runtime Architecture> manual."
1176 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:88
1178 "On success, B<getunwind>() returns the size of the unwind data. On error, "
1179 "-1 is returned and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
1181 "成功すると、 B<getunwind> は unwind されたデータのサイズを返す。 エラーの場"
1182 "合、 -1 が返り、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値が設定される。"
1185 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:94
1187 "B<getunwind>() fails with the error B<EFAULT> if the unwind info can't be "
1188 "stored in the space specified by I<buf>."
1192 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:96
1193 msgid "This system call is available since Linux 2.4."
1197 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:99
1199 "This system call is Linux-specific, and is available only on the IA-64 "
1204 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:107
1206 "This system call has been deprecated. The modern way to obtain the kernel's "
1207 "unwind data is via the gate DSO. The address of the ELF header for this DSO "
1208 "is passed to user level via B<AT_SYSINFO_EHDR> (see B<getauxval>(3))."
1212 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:111
1214 "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; in the unlikely event "
1215 "that you want to call it, use B<syscall>(2)."
1217 "glibc はこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数を提供していない。おそらくない"
1218 "と思うが、このシステムコールを呼び出したい場合は B<syscall>(2) を使うこと。"
1221 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:112
1222 msgid "B<getauxval>(3)"
1223 msgstr "B<getauxval>(3)"
1226 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26
1232 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29
1233 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:46
1239 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:29
1240 msgid "kexec_load - load a new kernel for later execution"
1241 msgstr "kexec_load - 新しいカーネルを後で実行するためにロードする"
1244 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:31
1245 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/kexec.hE<gt>>"
1246 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>linux/kexec.hE<gt>>"
1249 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:33
1251 "B<long kexec_load(unsigned long >I<entry>B<, unsigned long >I<nr_segments>B<,"
1254 "B<long kexec_load(unsigned long >I<entry>B<, unsigned long >I<nr_segments>B<,"
1258 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:36
1259 msgid "B< struct kexec_segment *>I<segments>B<, unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>"
1260 msgstr "B< struct kexec_segment *>I<segments>B<, unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>"
1263 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:44
1265 "The B<kexec_load>() system call loads a new kernel that can be executed "
1266 "later by B<reboot>(2)."
1268 "B<kexec_load>() システムコールは、新しいカーネルをロードし、\n"
1269 "その後の B<reboot>(2) で実行できるようにする。"
1272 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:50
1274 "The I<flags> argument is a bit mask that controls the operation of the "
1275 "call. The following values can be specified in I<flags>:"
1277 "I<flags> 引き数は、システムコールの呼び出しの動作を制御するマスクビットであ"
1278 "る。 I<flags> には以下の値を指定できる。"
1281 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:50
1283 msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
1284 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
1286 #. FIXME Explain in more detail how KEXEC_ON_CRASH is actually used
1288 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:54
1289 msgid "Execute the new kernel automatically on a system crash."
1290 msgstr "システムのクラッシュ時に、新しいカーネルを自動的に実行する。"
1293 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:54
1295 msgid "B<KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT> (since Linux 2.6.27)"
1296 msgstr "B<KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT> (Linux 2.6.27 以降)"
1299 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:64
1301 "Preserve the system hardware and software states before executing the new "
1302 "kernel. This could be used for system suspend. This flag is available only "
1303 "if the kernel was configured with B<CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP>, and is effective "
1304 "only if I<nr_segments> is greater than 0."
1307 "システムのハードウェアとソフトウェアの状態を保存する。\n"
1308 "システムの中断時 (suspend) などで使用できる。\n"
1309 "このフラグは、カーネルの設定で B<CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP> が有効の場合のみ\n"
1310 "利用可能であり、 I<nr_segments> が 0 より大きい場合のみ効果がある。"
1313 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:85
1315 "The high-order bits (corresponding to the mask 0xffff0000) of I<flags> "
1316 "contain the architecture of the to-be-executed kernel. Specify (OR) the "
1317 "constant B<KEXEC_ARCH_DEFAULT> to use the current architecture, or one of "
1318 "the following architecture constants B<KEXEC_ARCH_386>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_68K>, "
1319 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_X86_64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC64>, "
1320 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_IA_64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_ARM>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_S390>, "
1321 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_SH>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS>, and B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS_LE>. The "
1322 "architecture must be executable on the CPU of the system."
1324 "I<flags> の上位ビット (マスク 0xffff0000 に対応) には、\n"
1325 "実行されるカーネルのアーキテクチャが入る。\n"
1326 "現在のアーキテクチャを使うことを意味する定数 B<KEXEC_ARCH_DEFAULT> か、\n"
1327 "アーキテクチャ定数 B<KEXEC_ARCH_386>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_68K>, "
1328 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_X86_64>,\n"
1329 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_IA_64>,\n"
1330 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_ARM>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_S390>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_SH>,\n"
1331 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS_LE> の\n"
1332 "いずれか一つを (OR で) 指定する。指定するアーキテクチャは、\n"
1333 "システムの CPU で実行可能なものでなければならない。"
1336 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:100
1338 "The I<entry> argument is the physical entry address in the kernel image. "
1339 "The I<nr_segments> argument is the number of segments pointed to by the "
1340 "I<segments> pointer; the kernel imposes an (arbitrary) limit of 16 on the "
1341 "number of segments. The I<segments> argument is an array of "
1342 "I<kexec_segment> structures which define the kernel layout:"
1344 "I<entry> 引き数は、カーネルイメージの物理エントリーアドレスである。 "
1345 "I<nr_segments> 引き数は、 I<segments> ポインタが指すセグメントの数である。 な"
1346 "お、セグメント数には、カーネルにより 16 という (強制的な) 上限が課される。 "
1347 "I<segments> 引き数は I<kexec_segment> 構造体の配列で、 この構造体によりカーネ"
1351 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:109
1354 "struct kexec_segment {\n"
1355 " void *buf; /* Buffer in user space */\n"
1356 " size_t bufsz; /* Buffer length in user space */\n"
1357 " void *mem; /* Physical address of kernel */\n"
1358 " size_t memsz; /* Physical address length */\n"
1361 "struct kexec_segment {\n"
1362 " void *buf; /* Buffer in user space */\n"
1363 " size_t bufsz; /* Buffer length in user space */\n"
1364 " void *mem; /* Physical address of kernel */\n"
1365 " size_t memsz; /* Physical address length */\n"
1368 #. FIXME Explain the details of how the kernel image defined by segments
1369 #. is copied from the calling process into previously reserved memory.
1371 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:117
1373 "The kernel image defined by I<segments> is copied from the calling process "
1374 "into previously reserved memory."
1376 "I<segments> で定義されたカーネルイメージは、\n"
1377 "呼び出したプロセスから予約済みメモリにコピーされる。"
1380 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:124
1382 "On success, B<kexec_load>() returns 0. On error, -1 is returned and "
1383 "I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
1385 "成功すると、 B<kexec_load> は 0 を返す。\n"
1386 "エラーの場合、 -1 が返り、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値が設定される。"
1389 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:125 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:110
1390 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1912 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:495
1396 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:129
1398 "Another crash kernel is already being loaded or a crash kernel is already in "
1401 "別のクラッシュカーネルがすでにロードされているか、\n"
1402 "クラッシュカーネルがすでに使用されている。"
1404 #. KEXEC_SEGMENT_MAX == 16
1406 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:136
1407 msgid "I<flags> is invalid; or I<nr_segments> is too large"
1408 msgstr "I<flags> が無効である。 I<nr_segments> が大きすぎる。"
1411 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:141
1412 msgid "The caller does not have the B<CAP_SYS_BOOT> capability."
1413 msgstr "呼び出し側が B<CAP_SYS_BOOT> ケーパビリティを持っていない。"
1416 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:145
1417 msgid "The B<kexec_load>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.13."
1418 msgstr "B<kexec_load>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.13 で初めて登場した。"
1421 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:152
1423 "Currently, there is no glibc support for B<kexec_load>(). Call it using "
1426 "現在のところ、 B<kexec_load>() は glibc ではサポートされていない。\n"
1427 "B<syscall>(2) を使って呼び出すこと。"
1429 #. FIXME . Andi submitted a patch for this.
1430 #. Check if it got accepted later.
1432 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:159
1434 "The required constants are in the Linux kernel source file I<linux/kexec.h>, "
1435 "which is not currently exported to glibc. Therefore, these constants must "
1436 "be defined manually."
1438 "必要な定数は Linux カーネルのソースファイル I<linux/kexec.h> で定義されてい"
1440 "が、現在のところ glibc には公開されていない。\n"
1441 "そのため、これらの定数は手動で定義しなければならない。"
1444 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:162
1446 "This system call is available only if the kernel was configured with "
1449 "このシステムコールは、カーネルの設定で B<CONFIG_KEXEC> が有効になって\n"
1453 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:164
1454 msgid "B<reboot>(2), B<syscall>(2)"
1455 msgstr "B<reboot>(2), B<syscall>(2)"
1458 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
1460 msgid "LOOKUP_DCOOKIE"
1461 msgstr "LOOKUP_DCOOKIE"
1464 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
1470 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:30
1471 msgid "lookup_dcookie - return a directory entry's path"
1472 msgstr "lookup_dcookie - ディレクトリ・エントリのパス名を返す"
1475 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:32
1477 "B<int lookup_dcookie(u64 >I<cookie>B<, char *>I<buffer>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);"
1480 "B<int lookup_dcookie(u64 >I<cookie>B<, char *>I<buffer>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);"
1484 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:38
1486 "Look up the full path of the directory entry specified by the value "
1487 "I<cookie>. The cookie is an opaque identifier uniquely identifying a "
1488 "particular directory entry. The buffer given is filled in with the full "
1489 "path of the directory entry."
1491 "I<cookie> 値で指定されたディレクトリ・エントリのフルパス名を検索する。 "
1492 "cookie は、個々のディレクトリ・エントリを区別する内部識別子 (opaque "
1493 "identifier) である。引き数で指定されたバッファに、ディレクトリ・エントリの フ"
1497 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:43
1499 "For B<lookup_dcookie>() to return successfully, the kernel must still hold "
1500 "a cookie reference to the directory entry."
1502 "B<lookup_dcookie>() が正常に値を返すためには、カーネルがディレクトリ・エント"
1503 "リへの cookie 参照を 保持していなければならない。"
1506 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:50
1508 "On success, B<lookup_dcookie>() returns the length of the path string "
1509 "copied into the buffer. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set "
1512 "成功した場合、 B<lookup_dcookie>() はバッファにコピーしたパス文字列の長さを"
1513 "返す。 エラーの場合は -1 を返し、 I<errno> に適切な値を設定する。"
1516 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:54
1517 msgid "The buffer was not valid."
1518 msgstr "バッファが有効でなかった。"
1521 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:58
1523 "The kernel has no registered cookie/directory entry mappings at the time of "
1524 "lookup, or the cookie does not refer to a valid directory entry."
1526 "検索が行われた時、cookie とディレクトリ・エントリのマッピングがカーネルに 登"
1527 "録されていなかったか、または cookie が有効なディレクトリ・エントリを 参照して"
1531 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:58
1533 msgid "B<ENAMETOOLONG>"
1534 msgstr "B<ENAMETOOLONG>"
1537 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:61
1538 msgid "The name could not fit in the buffer."
1539 msgstr "名前がバッファに入り切らなかった。"
1542 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:61 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:278
1543 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:138 build/C/man2/splice.2:169
1544 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:117 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:145
1550 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:65
1552 "The kernel could not allocate memory for the temporary buffer holding the "
1555 "カーネルが、パス名を保持する一時バッファ用のメモリを割り当てることが できな"
1559 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:70
1561 "The process does not have the capability B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> required to look "
1564 "プロセスが cookie 値を検索するのに必要なケーパビリティ B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> を"
1568 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:70 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:474
1574 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:73
1576 "The buffer was not large enough to hold the path of the directory entry."
1578 "バッファが、ディレクトリ・エントリのパス名を収容するのに 十分な大きさではな"
1582 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:78
1584 "Available since Linux 2.5.43. The B<ENAMETOOLONG> error return was added in "
1587 "Linux 2.5.43 以降で利用できる。 エラー B<ENAMETOOLONG> を返す仕様は 2.5.70 で"
1591 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:81
1592 msgid "B<lookup_dcookie>() is Linux-specific."
1593 msgstr "B<lookup_dcookie>() は Linux 独自の関数である。"
1596 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:85
1598 "B<lookup_dcookie>() is a special-purpose system call, currently used only "
1599 "by the oprofile profiler. It relies on a kernel driver to register cookies "
1600 "for directory entries."
1602 "B<lookup_dcookie>() は特殊な用途に使われるシステムコールで、現在のところ "
1603 "oprofile profiler で 使われているだけである。"
1606 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:87
1608 "The path returned may be suffixed by the string \" (deleted)\" if the "
1609 "directory entry has been removed."
1611 "指定されたディレクトリ・エントリが削除されていた場合、返されるパス名の最後に "
1612 "\" (deleted)\" という文字列が付加されることがある。"
1615 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24
1621 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
1627 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:27
1628 msgid "modify_ldt - get or set ldt"
1629 msgstr "modify_ldt - ldt を設定または取得する"
1632 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:30
1634 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
1635 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
1638 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:32
1640 msgid "B<int modify_ldt(int >I<func>B<, void *>I<ptr>B<, unsigned long >I<bytecount>B<);>\n"
1641 msgstr "B<int modify_ldt(int >I<func>B<, void *>I<ptr>B<, unsigned long >I<bytecount>B<);>\n"
1644 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:41
1646 "B<modify_ldt>() reads or writes the local descriptor table (ldt) for a "
1647 "process. The ldt is a per-process memory management table used by the i386 "
1648 "processor. For more information on this table, see an Intel 386 processor "
1651 "B<modify_ldt>() はプロセスのローカル・ディスクリプタ・テーブル (local "
1652 "descriptor table; ldt) を読み書きする。 ldt は i386 プロセッサで使用されるプ"
1653 "ロセスごとのメモリ管理テーブルである。 このテーブルに関してのより詳しい情報"
1654 "は Intel 386 processor handbook を 参照すること。"
1657 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:51
1659 "When I<func> is 0, B<modify_ldt>() reads the ldt into the memory pointed to "
1660 "by I<ptr>. The number of bytes read is the smaller of I<bytecount> and the "
1661 "actual size of the ldt."
1663 "I<func> が 0 ならば、 B<modify_ldt>() は ldt を I<ptr> が指しているメモリに"
1664 "読み込む。 読み込むバイト数は実際の ldt のサイズか I<bytecount> より小さい方"
1667 #. FIXME Should this page say something about func == 2 and func == 0x11?
1668 #. In Linux 2.4, func == 2 returned "the default ldt"
1669 #. In Linux 2.6, func == 2 is a nop, returning a zeroed out structure.
1670 #. Linux 2.4 and 2.6 implement an operation for func == 0x11
1672 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:69
1674 "When I<func> is 1, B<modify_ldt>() modifies one ldt entry. I<ptr> points "
1675 "to a I<user_desc> structure and I<bytecount> must equal the size of this "
1678 "I<func> が 1 ならば、 B<modify_ldt>() は ldt エントリの一つを変更する。 "
1679 "I<ptr> は I<user_desc> 構造体を指し、 I<bytecount> はこの構造体の大きさに等し"
1683 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:73
1684 msgid "The I<user_desc> structure is defined in I<E<lt>asm/ldt.hE<gt>> as:"
1686 "I<user_desc> 構造体は I<E<lt>asm/ldt.hE<gt>> で以下のように定義されている:"
1689 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:87
1692 "struct user_desc {\n"
1693 " unsigned int entry_number;\n"
1694 " unsigned long base_addr;\n"
1695 " unsigned int limit;\n"
1696 " unsigned int seg_32bit:1;\n"
1697 " unsigned int contents:2;\n"
1698 " unsigned int read_exec_only:1;\n"
1699 " unsigned int limit_in_pages:1;\n"
1700 " unsigned int seg_not_present:1;\n"
1701 " unsigned int useable:1;\n"
1704 "struct user_desc {\n"
1705 " unsigned int entry_number;\n"
1706 " unsigned long base_addr;\n"
1707 " unsigned int limit;\n"
1708 " unsigned int seg_32bit:1;\n"
1709 " unsigned int contents:2;\n"
1710 " unsigned int read_exec_only:1;\n"
1711 " unsigned int limit_in_pages:1;\n"
1712 " unsigned int seg_not_present:1;\n"
1713 " unsigned int useable:1;\n"
1717 #. The ldt is specific for the calling process. Any attempts to change
1718 #. the ldt to include the address space of another process or the kernel
1719 #. will result in a segmentation violation when trying to access the memory
1720 #. outside of the process address space. The memory protection is enforced
1721 #. at the paging layer.
1723 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:98
1724 msgid "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, this structure was named I<modify_ldt_ldt_s>."
1726 "Linux 2.4 以前では、この構造体は I<modify_ldt_ldt_s> という名前であった。"
1729 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:108
1731 "On success, B<modify_ldt>() returns either the actual number of bytes read "
1732 "(for reading) or 0 (for writing). On failure, B<modify_ldt>() returns -1 "
1733 "and sets I<errno> to indicate the error."
1735 "成功した場合は、 B<modify_ldt>() は (読み込みの場合は) 実際に読み込んだバイ"
1736 "ト数、 または (書き込みの場合は) 0 を返す。 失敗した場合は B<modify_ldt>() "
1737 "は -1 を返し、 I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
1740 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:113
1741 msgid "I<ptr> points outside the address space."
1742 msgstr "I<ptr> がアドレス空間の外を指している。"
1745 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:126
1747 "I<ptr> is 0, or I<func> is 1 and I<bytecount> is not equal to the size of "
1748 "the structure I<modify_ldt_ldt_s>, or I<func> is 1 and the new ldt entry has "
1751 "I<ptr> が 0 である、 または I<func> が 1 で I<bytecount> が "
1752 "I<modify_ldt_ldt_s> 構造体のサイズと等しくないか、 I<func> が 1 で新しい ldt "
1756 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:130
1757 msgid "I<func> is neither 0 nor 1."
1758 msgstr "I<func> が 0 でも 1 でもない。"
1761 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:133
1763 "This call is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs intended to "
1766 "このコールは Linux 特有であり、移植を意図したプログラムでは 使用してはいけな"
1770 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:136 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:205
1771 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:134
1773 "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using "
1776 "glibc はこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数を提供していない。 "
1777 "B<syscall>(2) を使って呼び出すこと。"
1780 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:137
1785 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
1791 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
1797 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:11
1798 msgid "nfsservctl - syscall interface to kernel nfs daemon"
1799 msgstr "nfsservctl - カーネル nfs デーモンのためのインターフェース"
1802 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:14
1804 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/nfsd/syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1805 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>linux/nfsd/syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1808 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:17
1811 "B<long nfsservctl(int >I<cmd>B<, struct nfsctl_arg *>I<argp>B<,>\n"
1812 "B< union nfsctl_res *>I<resp>B<);>\n"
1814 "B<long nfsservctl(int >I<cmd>B<, struct nfsctl_arg *>I<argp>B<,>\n"
1815 "B< union nfsctl_res *>I<resp>B<);>\n"
1818 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:21
1819 msgid "I<Note>: Since Linux 3.1, this system call no longer exists."
1820 msgstr "I<注意>: Linux 3.1 以降では、このシステムコールはもはや存在しない。"
1823 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:35
1827 " * These are the commands understood by nfsctl().\n"
1829 "#define NFSCTL_SVC 0 /* This is a server process. */\n"
1830 "#define NFSCTL_ADDCLIENT 1 /* Add an NFS client. */\n"
1831 "#define NFSCTL_DELCLIENT 2 /* Remove an NFS client. */\n"
1832 "#define NFSCTL_EXPORT 3 /* Export a filesystem. */\n"
1833 "#define NFSCTL_UNEXPORT 4 /* Unexport a filesystem. */\n"
1834 "#define NFSCTL_UGIDUPDATE 5 /* Update a client's UID/GID map\n"
1835 " (only in Linux 2.4.x and earlier). */\n"
1836 "#define NFSCTL_GETFH 6 /* Get a file handle (used by mountd)\n"
1837 " (only in Linux 2.4.x and earlier). */\n"
1840 " * nfsctl() によって理解されるコマンド\n"
1842 "#define NFSCTL_SVC 0 /* サーバープロセス */\n"
1843 "#define NFSCTL_ADDCLIENT 1 /* NFS クライアントを追加 */\n"
1844 "#define NFSCTL_DELCLIENT 2 /* NFS クライアンドを削除 */\n"
1845 "#define NFSCTL_EXPORT 3 /* ファイルシステムのエクスポート */\n"
1846 "#define NFSCTL_UNEXPORT 4 /* ファイルシステムのアンエクスポート */\n"
1847 "#define NFSCTL_UGIDUPDATE 5 /* UID/GID マップの更新\n"
1848 " (Linux 2.4.x とそれ以前のみ) */\n"
1849 "#define NFSCTL_GETFH 6 /* (mountd で使用される) fh の取得\n"
1850 " (Linux 2.4.x とそれ以前のみ) */\n"
1853 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:47
1856 "struct nfsctl_arg {\n"
1857 " int ca_version; /* safeguard */\n"
1859 " struct nfsctl_svc u_svc;\n"
1860 " struct nfsctl_client u_client;\n"
1861 " struct nfsctl_export u_export;\n"
1862 " struct nfsctl_uidmap u_umap;\n"
1863 " struct nfsctl_fhparm u_getfh;\n"
1864 " unsigned int u_debug;\n"
1868 "struct nfsctl_arg {\n"
1869 " int ca_version; /* safeguard */\n"
1871 " struct nfsctl_svc u_svc;\n"
1872 " struct nfsctl_client u_client;\n"
1873 " struct nfsctl_export u_export;\n"
1874 " struct nfsctl_uidmap u_umap;\n"
1875 " struct nfsctl_fhparm u_getfh;\n"
1876 " unsigned int u_debug;\n"
1881 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:52
1884 "union nfsctl_res {\n"
1885 " struct knfs_fh cr_getfh;\n"
1886 " unsigned int cr_debug;\n"
1889 "union nfsctl_res {\n"
1890 " struct knfs_fh cr_getfh;\n"
1891 " unsigned int cr_debug;\n"
1895 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:58 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:105
1896 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:59
1898 "On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set "
1901 "成功した場合は 0 が返される。エラーの場合は -1 が返され、 I<errno> が適切に設"
1905 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:59
1906 msgid "This call is Linux-specific."
1907 msgstr "このコールは Linux 特有である。"
1910 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:26
1916 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:26
1922 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:31
1924 "outb, outw, outl, outsb, outsw, outsl, inb, inw, inl, insb, insw, insl, "
1925 "outb_p, outw_p, outl_p, inb_p, inw_p, inl_p - port I/O"
1927 "outb, outw, outl, outsb, outsw, outsl, inb, inw, inl, insb, insw, insl, "
1928 "outb_p, outw_p, outl_p, inb_p, inw_p, inl_p - ポート入出力"
1931 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:34
1933 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/io.hE<gt>>\n"
1934 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/io.hE<gt>>\n"
1937 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:41
1940 "B<unsigned char inb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1941 "B<unsigned char inb_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1942 "B<unsigned short int inw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1943 "B<unsigned short int inw_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1944 "B<unsigned int inl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1945 "B<unsigned int inl_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1947 "B<unsigned char inb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1948 "B<unsigned char inb_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1949 "B<unsigned short int inw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1950 "B<unsigned short int inw_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1951 "B<unsigned int inl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1952 "B<unsigned int inl_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1955 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:48
1958 "B<void outb(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1959 "B<void outb_p(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1960 "B<void outw(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1961 "B<void outw_p(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1962 "B<void outl(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1963 "B<void outl_p(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1965 "B<void outb(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1966 "B<void outb_p(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1967 "B<void outw(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1968 "B<void outw_p(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1969 "B<void outl(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1970 "B<void outl_p(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1973 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:61
1976 "B<void insb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
1977 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
1978 "B<void insw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
1979 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
1980 "B<void insl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
1981 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
1982 "B<void outsb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
1983 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
1984 "B<void outsw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
1985 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
1986 "B<void outsl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
1987 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
1989 "B<void insb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
1990 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
1991 "B<void insw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
1992 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
1993 "B<void insl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
1994 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
1995 "B<void outsb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
1996 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
1997 "B<void outsw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
1998 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
1999 "B<void outsl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2000 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2003 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:67
2005 "This family of functions is used to do low-level port input and output. The "
2006 "out* functions do port output, the in* functions do port input; the b-suffix "
2007 "functions are byte-width and the w-suffix functions word-width; the _p-"
2008 "suffix functions pause until the I/O completes."
2010 "この一連の関数はポートに対する低レベルの入出力に使用する。 out* 関数はポート"
2011 "出力、in* 関数はポート入力を行う。 語尾に b がついている関数はバイト単位、w "
2012 "がついている関数はワード単位である。 _p がついている関数は I/O が終了するまで"
2015 #. , given the following information
2016 #. in addition to that given in
2019 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:73
2021 "They are primarily designed for internal kernel use, but can be used from "
2024 "これらの関数はもともとカーネル内部での使用を想定して設計されているが、 ユー"
2028 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:78
2030 "You must compile with B<-O> or B<-O2> or similar. The functions are defined "
2031 "as inline macros, and will not be substituted in without optimization "
2032 "enabled, causing unresolved references at link time."
2034 "B<-O> や B<-O2> などを指定してコンパイルしなければならない。 これらの関数はイ"
2035 "ンライン・マクロとして定義されており、 最適化を行わないと関数の展開が行われ"
2036 "ず、 リンクの時に「解決できない参照(unresolved reference)」が発生する。"
2039 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:87
2041 "You use B<ioperm>(2) or alternatively B<iopl>(2) to tell the kernel to "
2042 "allow the user space application to access the I/O ports in question. "
2043 "Failure to do this will cause the application to receive a segmentation "
2046 "ユーザー空間のアプリケーションが I/O ポートにアクセスすることを カーネルに教"
2047 "えるために B<ioperm>(2) もしくは B<iopl>(2) を使用すること。これを忘れると"
2048 "アプリケーションはセグメンテーション違反 (segmentation fault) を受けとること"
2052 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:96
2054 "B<outb>() and friends are hardware-specific. The I<value> argument is "
2055 "passed first and the I<port> argument is passed second, which is the "
2056 "opposite order from most DOS implementations."
2058 "B<outb>() とその仲間はハードウェア特有である。 I<value> 引数が最初に渡さ"
2059 "れ、 I<port> 引数が二番目に渡される。 この順序はほとんどの DOS での実装とは逆"
2063 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:98
2064 msgid "B<ioperm>(2), B<iopl>(2)"
2065 msgstr "B<ioperm>(2), B<iopl>(2)"
2068 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
2070 msgid "PCICONFIG_READ"
2071 msgstr "PCICONFIG_READ"
2074 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
2080 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:11
2082 "pciconfig_read, pciconfig_write, pciconfig_iobase - pci device information "
2085 "pciconfig_read, pciconfig_write, pciconfig_iobase - pci デバイス情報を扱う"
2088 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:14
2090 msgid "B<#include E<lt>pci.hE<gt>>\n"
2091 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>pci.hE<gt>>\n"
2094 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:21
2097 "B<int pciconfig_read(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2098 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2099 "B<int pciconfig_write(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2100 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2101 "B<int pciconfig_iobase(long >I<which>B<, unsigned long >I<bus>B<,>\n"
2102 "B< unsigned long >I<devfn>B<);>\n"
2104 "B<int pciconfig_read(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2105 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2106 "B<int pciconfig_write(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2107 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2108 "B<int pciconfig_iobase(long >I<which>B<, unsigned long >I<bus>B<,>\n"
2109 "B< unsigned long >I<devfn>B<);>\n"
2112 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:27
2114 "Most of the interaction with PCI devices is already handled by the kernel "
2115 "PCI layer, and thus these calls should not normally need to be accessed from "
2118 "PCI デバイスとのやり取り (interaction) は カーネル PCI レイヤですでに処理され"
2119 "ているので、 通常はこららの関数をユーザ空間からアクセスする必要はない。"
2122 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:27 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:51
2124 msgid "B<pciconfig_read>()"
2125 msgstr "B<pciconfig_read>()"
2128 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:36
2129 msgid "Reads to I<buf> from device I<dev> at offset I<off> value."
2130 msgstr "デバイス I<dev> のオフセット I<off> の値を I<buf> に読み込む。"
2133 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:36 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:57
2135 msgid "B<pciconfig_write>()"
2136 msgstr "B<pciconfig_write>()"
2139 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:45
2140 msgid "Writes from I<buf> to device I<dev> at offset I<off> value."
2141 msgstr "デバイス I<dev> のオフセット I<off> に I<buf> の値を書き込む。"
2144 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:45 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:63
2146 msgid "B<pciconfig_iobase>()"
2147 msgstr "B<pciconfig_iobase>()"
2150 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:50
2152 "You pass it a bus/devfn pair and get a physical address for either the "
2153 "memory offset (for things like prep, this is 0xc0000000), the IO base for "
2154 "PIO cycles, or the ISA holes if any."
2156 "bus/devfn ペアをこの関数に渡し、 メモリオフセット (prep のようなものでは、こ"
2157 "の値は 0xc0000000 である) と PIO サイクルの IO ベースの物理アドレスを取得す"
2158 "る。 また、もしあるならば ISA hole の物理アドレスを取得する。"
2161 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:57 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:63
2163 "On success zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned and I<errno> is set "
2166 "成功した場合、0 が返される。 エラーの場合、-1 が返され、 I<errno> が適切に設"
2170 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:77
2172 "Returns information on locations of various I/O regions in physical memory "
2173 "according to the I<which> value. Values for I<which> are: "
2174 "B<IOBASE_BRIDGE_NUMBER>, B<IOBASE_MEMORY>, B<IOBASE_IO>, B<IOBASE_ISA_IO>, "
2175 "B<IOBASE_ISA_MEM>."
2177 "I<which> の値に基づいて、物理メモリ内の様々な I/O 領域の位置情報が返される。 "
2178 "I<which> の値は、 B<IOBASE_BRIDGE_NUMBER>, B<IOBASE_MEMORY>, B<IOBASE_IO>, "
2179 "B<IOBASE_ISA_IO>, B<IOBASE_ISA_MEM> である。"
2182 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:84
2183 msgid "I<len> value is invalid. This does not apply to B<pciconfig_iobase>()."
2185 "I<len> の値が無効である。 このエラーは B<pciconfig_iobase>() には適用されな"
2189 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:84 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1929
2190 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:134
2196 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:87
2201 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:87 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2615
2207 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:93
2209 "For B<pciconfig_iobase>(), \"hose\" value is NULL. For the other calls, "
2210 "could not find a slot."
2212 "B<pciconfig_iobase>() の場合、でホース (hose) の値が NULL である。 他の呼び"
2213 "出しの場合、スロット (slot) が見つからない。"
2216 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:98
2217 msgid "The system has not implemented these calls (B<CONFIG_PCI> not defined)."
2219 "このシステムはこれらの呼び出しを実装していない。 (B<CONFIG_PCI> が定義されて"
2223 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:98 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2643
2225 msgid "B<EOPNOTSUPP>"
2226 msgstr "B<EOPNOTSUPP>"
2229 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:105
2231 "This return value is valid only for B<pciconfig_iobase>(). It is returned "
2232 "if the value for I<which> is invalid."
2234 "この返り値は B<pciconfig_iobase>() でのみ有効である。 このエラーは I<which> "
2238 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:112
2240 "User does not have the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability. This does not apply to "
2241 "B<pciconfig_iobase>()."
2243 "ユーザが B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> 権限を持っていない。 このエラーは "
2244 "B<pciconfig_iobase>() には適用されない。"
2247 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:114
2248 msgid "These calls are Linux-specific, available since Linux 2.0.26/2.1.11."
2250 "これらの呼び出しは Linux 特有のものであり、 Linux 2.0.26/2.1.11 から使用可能"
2254 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:115
2255 msgid "B<capabilities>(7)"
2256 msgstr "B<capabilities>(7)"
2259 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27
2261 msgid "PERF_EVENT_OPEN"
2262 msgstr "PERF_EVENT_OPEN"
2265 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27
2271 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:30
2272 msgid "perf_event_open - set up performance monitoring"
2276 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:34
2279 "B<#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>>\n"
2280 "B<#include E<lt>linux/hw_breakpoint.hE<gt>>\n"
2282 "B<#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>>\n"
2283 "B<#include E<lt>linux/hw_breakpoint.hE<gt>>\n"
2286 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:38
2289 "B<int perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *>I<attr>B<,>\n"
2290 "B< pid_t >I<pid>B<, int >I<cpu>B<, int >I<group_fd>B<,>\n"
2291 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
2293 "B<int perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *>I<attr>B<,>\n"
2294 "B< pid_t >I<pid>B<, int >I<cpu>B<, int >I<group_fd>B<,>\n"
2295 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
2298 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:47
2300 "Given a list of parameters, B<perf_event_open>() returns a file descriptor, "
2301 "for use in subsequent system calls (B<read>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<prctl>(2), "
2302 "B<fcntl>(2), etc.)."
2306 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:55
2308 "A call to B<perf_event_open>() creates a file descriptor that allows "
2309 "measuring performance information. Each file descriptor corresponds to one "
2310 "event that is measured; these can be grouped together to measure multiple "
2311 "events simultaneously."
2315 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:62
2317 "Events can be enabled and disabled in two ways: via B<ioctl>(2) and via "
2318 "B<prctl>(2). When an event is disabled it does not count or generate "
2319 "overflows but does continue to exist and maintain its count value."
2323 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:76
2325 "Events come in two flavors: counting and sampled. A I<counting> event is "
2326 "one that is used for counting the aggregate number of events that occur. In "
2327 "general, counting event results are gathered with a B<read>(2) call. A "
2328 "I<sampling> event periodically writes measurements to a buffer that can then "
2329 "be accessed via B<mmap>(2)."
2333 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:76
2339 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:83
2341 "The I<pid> and I<cpu> arguments allow specifying which process and CPU to "
2346 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:83
2348 msgid "B<pid == 0> and B<cpu == -1>"
2352 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:86
2353 msgid "This measures the calling process/thread on any CPU."
2357 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:86
2359 msgid "B<pid == 0> and B<cpu E<gt>= 0>"
2363 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:90
2365 "This measures the calling process/thread only when running on the specified "
2370 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:90
2372 msgid "B<pid E<gt> 0> and B<cpu == -1>"
2376 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:93
2377 msgid "This measures the specified process/thread on any CPU."
2381 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:93
2383 msgid "B<pid E<gt> 0> and B<cpu E<gt>= 0>"
2387 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:97
2389 "This measures the specified process/thread only when running on the "
2394 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:97
2396 msgid "B<pid == -1> and B<cpu E<gt>= 0>"
2400 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:105
2402 "This measures all processes/threads on the specified CPU. This requires "
2403 "B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability or a I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid> "
2404 "value of less than 1."
2408 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:105
2410 msgid "B<pid == -1> and B<cpu == -1>"
2414 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:108
2415 msgid "This setting is invalid and will return an error."
2419 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:130
2421 "The I<group_fd> argument allows event groups to be created. An event group "
2422 "has one event which is the group leader. The leader is created first, with "
2423 "I<group_fd> = -1. The rest of the group members are created with subsequent "
2424 "B<perf_event_open>() calls with I<group_fd> being set to the file "
2425 "descriptor of the group leader. (A single event on its own is created with "
2426 "I<group_fd> = -1 and is considered to be a group with only 1 member.) An "
2427 "event group is scheduled onto the CPU as a unit: it will be put onto the CPU "
2428 "only if all of the events in the group can be put onto the CPU. This means "
2429 "that the values of the member events can be meaningfully compared\\(emadded, "
2430 "divided (to get ratios), and so on\\(emwith each other, since they have "
2431 "counted events for the same set of executed instructions."
2435 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:134
2437 "The I<flags> argument is formed by ORing together zero or more of the "
2440 "I<flags> 引き数には、以下の値の 0 個以上をビット毎の論理和の形で指定する。"
2443 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:134
2445 msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC> (since Linux 3.14)."
2446 msgstr "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC> (Linux 3.14 以降)."
2449 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:150
2451 "This flag enables the close-on-exec flag for the created event file "
2452 "descriptor, so that the file descriptor is automatically closed on "
2453 "B<execve>(2). Setting the close-on-exec flags at creation time, rather than "
2454 "later with B<fcntl>(2), avoids potential race conditions where the calling "
2455 "thread invokes B<perf_event_open>() and B<fcntl>(2) at the same time as "
2456 "another thread calls B<fork>(2) then B<execve>(2)."
2460 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:150
2462 msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_NO_GROUP>"
2463 msgstr "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_NO_GROUP>"
2466 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:158
2468 "This flag tells the event to ignore the I<group_fd> parameter except for the "
2469 "purpose of setting up output redirection using the B<PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT> "
2474 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:158
2476 #| msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_PID_CGROUP> (since Linux 2.6.39)."
2477 msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT> (broken since Linux 2.6.35)."
2478 msgstr "B<PERF_FLAG_PID_CGROUP> (Linux 2.6.39 以降)."
2481 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:163
2483 "This flag re-routes the event's sampled output to instead be included in the "
2484 "mmap buffer of the event specified by I<group_fd>."
2488 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:163
2490 msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_PID_CGROUP> (since Linux 2.6.39)."
2491 msgstr "B<PERF_FLAG_PID_CGROUP> (Linux 2.6.39 以降)."
2494 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:186
2496 "This flag activates per-container system-wide monitoring. A container is an "
2497 "abstraction that isolates a set of resources for finer-grained control "
2498 "(CPUs, memory, etc.). In this mode, the event is measured only if the "
2499 "thread running on the monitored CPU belongs to the designated container "
2500 "(cgroup). The cgroup is identified by passing a file descriptor opened on "
2501 "its directory in the cgroupfs filesystem. For instance, if the cgroup to "
2502 "monitor is called I<test>, then a file descriptor opened on I</dev/cgroup/"
2503 "test> (assuming cgroupfs is mounted on I</dev/cgroup>) must be passed as "
2504 "the I<pid> parameter. cgroup monitoring is available only for system-wide "
2505 "events and may therefore require extra permissions."
2509 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:191
2511 "The I<perf_event_attr> structure provides detailed configuration information "
2512 "for the event being created."
2516 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:198
2519 "struct perf_event_attr {\n"
2520 " __u32 type; /* Type of event */\n"
2521 " __u32 size; /* Size of attribute structure */\n"
2522 " __u64 config; /* Type-specific configuration */\n"
2524 "struct perf_event_attr {\n"
2525 " __u32 type; /* Type of event */\n"
2526 " __u32 size; /* Size of attribute structure */\n"
2527 " __u64 config; /* Type-specific configuration */\n"
2530 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:203
2534 " __u64 sample_period; /* Period of sampling */\n"
2535 " __u64 sample_freq; /* Frequency of sampling */\n"
2539 " __u64 sample_period; /* Period of sampling */\n"
2540 " __u64 sample_freq; /* Frequency of sampling */\n"
2544 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:206
2547 " __u64 sample_type; /* Specifies values included in sample */\n"
2548 " __u64 read_format; /* Specifies values returned in read */\n"
2550 " __u64 sample_type; /* Specifies values included in sample */\n"
2551 " __u64 read_format; /* Specifies values returned in read */\n"
2554 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:234
2557 " __u64 disabled : 1, /* off by default */\n"
2558 " inherit : 1, /* children inherit it */\n"
2559 " pinned : 1, /* must always be on PMU */\n"
2560 " exclusive : 1, /* only group on PMU */\n"
2561 " exclude_user : 1, /* don't count user */\n"
2562 " exclude_kernel : 1, /* don't count kernel */\n"
2563 " exclude_hv : 1, /* don't count hypervisor */\n"
2564 " exclude_idle : 1, /* don't count when idle */\n"
2565 " mmap : 1, /* include mmap data */\n"
2566 " comm : 1, /* include comm data */\n"
2567 " freq : 1, /* use freq, not period */\n"
2568 " inherit_stat : 1, /* per task counts */\n"
2569 " enable_on_exec : 1, /* next exec enables */\n"
2570 " task : 1, /* trace fork/exit */\n"
2571 " watermark : 1, /* wakeup_watermark */\n"
2572 " precise_ip : 2, /* skid constraint */\n"
2573 " mmap_data : 1, /* non-exec mmap data */\n"
2574 " sample_id_all : 1, /* sample_type all events */\n"
2575 " exclude_host : 1, /* don't count in host */\n"
2576 " exclude_guest : 1, /* don't count in guest */\n"
2577 " exclude_callchain_kernel : 1,\n"
2578 " /* exclude kernel callchains */\n"
2579 " exclude_callchain_user : 1,\n"
2580 " /* exclude user callchains */\n"
2581 " mmap2 : 1, /* include mmap with inode data */\n"
2582 " comm_exec : 1, /* flag comm events that are due to exec */\n"
2583 " __reserved_1 : 39;\n"
2585 " __u64 disabled : 1, /* off by default */\n"
2586 " inherit : 1, /* children inherit it */\n"
2587 " pinned : 1, /* must always be on PMU */\n"
2588 " exclusive : 1, /* only group on PMU */\n"
2589 " exclude_user : 1, /* don't count user */\n"
2590 " exclude_kernel : 1, /* don't count kernel */\n"
2591 " exclude_hv : 1, /* don't count hypervisor */\n"
2592 " exclude_idle : 1, /* don't count when idle */\n"
2593 " mmap : 1, /* include mmap data */\n"
2594 " comm : 1, /* include comm data */\n"
2595 " freq : 1, /* use freq, not period */\n"
2596 " inherit_stat : 1, /* per task counts */\n"
2597 " enable_on_exec : 1, /* next exec enables */\n"
2598 " task : 1, /* trace fork/exit */\n"
2599 " watermark : 1, /* wakeup_watermark */\n"
2600 " precise_ip : 2, /* skid constraint */\n"
2601 " mmap_data : 1, /* non-exec mmap data */\n"
2602 " sample_id_all : 1, /* sample_type all events */\n"
2603 " exclude_host : 1, /* don't count in host */\n"
2604 " exclude_guest : 1, /* don't count in guest */\n"
2605 " exclude_callchain_kernel : 1,\n"
2606 " /* exclude kernel callchains */\n"
2607 " exclude_callchain_user : 1,\n"
2608 " /* exclude user callchains */\n"
2609 " mmap2 : 1, /* include mmap with inode data */\n"
2610 " comm_exec : 1, /* flag comm events that are due to exec */\n"
2611 " __reserved_1 : 39;\n"
2614 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:239
2618 " __u32 wakeup_events; /* wakeup every n events */\n"
2619 " __u32 wakeup_watermark; /* bytes before wakeup */\n"
2623 " __u32 wakeup_events; /* wakeup every n events */\n"
2624 " __u32 wakeup_watermark; /* bytes before wakeup */\n"
2628 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:241
2630 msgid " __u32 bp_type; /* breakpoint type */\n"
2631 msgstr " __u32 bp_type; /* breakpoint type */\n"
2634 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:246
2638 " __u64 bp_addr; /* breakpoint address */\n"
2639 " __u64 config1; /* extension of config */\n"
2643 " __u64 bp_addr; /* breakpoint address */\n"
2644 " __u64 config1; /* extension of config */\n"
2648 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:256
2652 " __u64 bp_len; /* breakpoint length */\n"
2653 " __u64 config2; /* extension of config1 */\n"
2655 " __u64 branch_sample_type; /* enum perf_branch_sample_type */\n"
2656 " __u64 sample_regs_user; /* user regs to dump on samples */\n"
2657 " __u32 sample_stack_user; /* size of stack to dump on\n"
2659 " __u32 __reserved_2; /* Align to u64 */\n"
2662 " __u64 bp_len; /* breakpoint length */\n"
2663 " __u64 config2; /* extension of config1 */\n"
2665 " __u64 branch_sample_type; /* enum perf_branch_sample_type */\n"
2666 " __u64 sample_regs_user; /* user regs to dump on samples */\n"
2667 " __u32 sample_stack_user; /* size of stack to dump on\n"
2669 " __u32 __reserved_2; /* Align to u64 */\n"
2672 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:258
2678 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:264
2680 "The fields of the I<perf_event_attr> structure are described in more detail "
2685 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:264 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1604
2691 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:268
2693 "This field specifies the overall event type. It has one of the following "
2698 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:269
2700 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE>"
2701 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE>"
2704 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:276
2706 "This indicates one of the \"generalized\" hardware events provided by the "
2707 "kernel. See the I<config> field definition for more details."
2711 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:276
2713 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE>"
2714 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE>"
2717 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:280
2719 "This indicates one of the software-defined events provided by the kernel "
2720 "(even if no hardware support is available)."
2724 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:280
2726 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>"
2727 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>"
2730 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:284
2732 "This indicates a tracepoint provided by the kernel tracepoint infrastructure."
2736 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:284
2738 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE>"
2739 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE>"
2742 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:290
2744 "This indicates a hardware cache event. This has a special encoding, "
2745 "described in the I<config> field definition."
2749 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:290
2751 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_RAW>"
2752 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_RAW>"
2755 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:294
2757 "This indicates a \"raw\" implementation-specific event in the I<config> "
2762 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:294
2764 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
2765 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
2768 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:299
2770 "This indicates a hardware breakpoint as provided by the CPU. Breakpoints "
2771 "can be read/write accesses to an address as well as execution of an "
2772 "instruction address."
2776 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:299
2782 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:318
2784 "Since Linux 2.6.39, B<perf_event_open>() can support multiple PMUs. To "
2785 "enable this, a value exported by the kernel can be used in the I<type> field "
2786 "to indicate which PMU to use. The value to use can be found in the sysfs "
2787 "filesystem: there is a subdirectory per PMU instance under I</sys/bus/"
2788 "event_source/devices>. In each subdirectory there is a I<type> file whose "
2789 "content is an integer that can be used in the I<type> field. For instance, "
2790 "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/cpu/type> contains the value for the core "
2791 "CPU PMU, which is usually 4."
2795 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:319 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1541
2801 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:328
2803 "The size of the I<perf_event_attr> structure for forward/backward "
2804 "compatibility. Set this using I<sizeof(struct perf_event_attr)> to allow "
2805 "the kernel to see the struct size at the time of compilation."
2809 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:343
2811 "The related define B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER0> is set to 64; this was the size of "
2812 "the first published struct. B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER1> is 72, corresponding to "
2813 "the addition of breakpoints in Linux 2.6.33. B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER2> is 80 "
2814 "corresponding to the addition of branch sampling in Linux 3.4. "
2815 "B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER3> is 96 corresponding to the addition of "
2816 "I<sample_regs_user> and I<sample_stack_user> in Linux 3.7."
2820 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:343
2826 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:354
2828 "This specifies which event you want, in conjunction with the I<type> field. "
2829 "The I<config1> and I<config2> fields are also taken into account in cases "
2830 "where 64 bits is not enough to fully specify the event. The encoding of "
2831 "these fields are event dependent."
2835 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:360
2837 "The most significant bit (bit 63) of I<config> signifies CPU-specific (raw) "
2838 "counter configuration data; if the most significant bit is unset, the next 7 "
2839 "bits are an event type and the rest of the bits are the event identifier."
2843 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:371
2845 "There are various ways to set the I<config> field that are dependent on the "
2846 "value of the previously described I<type> field. What follows are various "
2847 "possible settings for I<config> separated out by I<type>."
2851 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:381
2853 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE>, we are measuring one of the generalized "
2854 "hardware CPU events. Not all of these are available on all platforms. Set "
2855 "I<config> to one of the following:"
2859 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:382
2861 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES>"
2862 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES>"
2865 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:386
2866 msgid "Total cycles. Be wary of what happens during CPU frequency scaling."
2870 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:386
2872 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS>"
2873 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS>"
2876 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:391
2878 "Retired instructions. Be careful, these can be affected by various issues, "
2879 "most notably hardware interrupt counts."
2883 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:391
2885 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_REFERENCES>"
2886 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_REFERENCES>"
2889 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:398
2891 "Cache accesses. Usually this indicates Last Level Cache accesses but this "
2892 "may vary depending on your CPU. This may include prefetches and coherency "
2893 "messages; again this depends on the design of your CPU."
2897 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:398
2899 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_MISSES>"
2900 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_MISSES>"
2903 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:405
2905 "Cache misses. Usually this indicates Last Level Cache misses; this is "
2906 "intended to be used in conjunction with the "
2907 "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_REFERENCES> event to calculate cache miss rates."
2911 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:405
2913 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS>"
2914 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS>"
2917 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:410
2919 "Retired branch instructions. Prior to Linux 2.6.34, this used the wrong "
2920 "event on AMD processors."
2924 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:410
2926 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_MISSES>"
2927 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_MISSES>"
2930 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:413
2931 msgid "Mispredicted branch instructions."
2935 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:413
2937 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BUS_CYCLES>"
2938 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BUS_CYCLES>"
2941 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:416
2942 msgid "Bus cycles, which can be different from total cycles."
2946 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:416
2948 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND> (since Linux 3.0)"
2949 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND> (Linux 3.0 以降)"
2952 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:419
2953 msgid "Stalled cycles during issue."
2957 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:419
2959 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND> (since Linux 3.0)"
2960 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND> (Linux 3.0 以降)"
2963 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:422
2964 msgid "Stalled cycles during retirement."
2968 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:422
2970 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_REF_CPU_CYCLES> (since Linux 3.3)"
2971 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_REF_CPU_CYCLES> (Linux 3.3 以降)"
2974 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:425
2975 msgid "Total cycles; not affected by CPU frequency scaling."
2979 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:435
2981 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE>, we are measuring software events "
2982 "provided by the kernel. Set I<config> to one of the following:"
2986 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:436
2988 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK>"
2989 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK>"
2992 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:439
2993 msgid "This reports the CPU clock, a high-resolution per-CPU timer."
2997 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:439
2999 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_TASK_CLOCK>"
3000 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_TASK_CLOCK>"
3003 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:442
3004 msgid "This reports a clock count specific to the task that is running."
3008 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:442
3010 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS>"
3011 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS>"
3014 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:445
3015 msgid "This reports the number of page faults."
3019 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:445
3021 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CONTEXT_SWITCHES>"
3022 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CONTEXT_SWITCHES>"
3025 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:450
3027 "This counts context switches. Until Linux 2.6.34, these were all reported "
3028 "as user-space events, after that they are reported as happening in the "
3033 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:450
3035 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_MIGRATIONS>"
3036 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_MIGRATIONS>"
3039 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:454
3040 msgid "This reports the number of times the process has migrated to a new CPU."
3044 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:454
3046 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN>"
3047 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN>"
3050 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:458
3052 "This counts the number of minor page faults. These did not require disk I/O "
3057 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:458
3059 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ>"
3060 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ>"
3063 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:462
3065 "This counts the number of major page faults. These required disk I/O to "
3070 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:462
3072 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_ALIGNMENT_FAULTS> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
3073 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_ALIGNMENT_FAULTS> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
3076 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:468
3078 "This counts the number of alignment faults. These happen when unaligned "
3079 "memory accesses happen; the kernel can handle these but it reduces "
3080 "performance. This happens only on some architectures (never on x86)."
3084 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:468
3086 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
3087 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
3090 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:474
3092 "This counts the number of emulation faults. The kernel sometimes traps on "
3093 "unimplemented instructions and emulates them for user space. This can "
3094 "negatively impact performance."
3098 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:474
3100 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_DUMMY> (since Linux 3.12)"
3101 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_DUMMY> (Linux 3.12 以降)"
3104 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:481
3106 "This is a placeholder event that counts nothing. Informational sample "
3107 "record types such as mmap or comm must be associated with an active event. "
3108 "This dummy event allows gathering such records without requiring a counting "
3113 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:494
3115 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>, then we are measuring kernel "
3116 "tracepoints. The value to use in I<config> can be obtained from under "
3117 "debugfs I<tracing/events/*/*/id> if ftrace is enabled in the kernel."
3121 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:505
3123 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE>, then we are measuring a hardware CPU "
3124 "cache event. To calculate the appropriate I<config> value use the following "
3129 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:510
3132 " (perf_hw_cache_id) | (perf_hw_cache_op_id E<lt>E<lt> 8) |\n"
3133 " (perf_hw_cache_op_result_id E<lt>E<lt> 16)\n"
3135 " (perf_hw_cache_id) | (perf_hw_cache_op_id E<lt>E<lt> 8) |\n"
3136 " (perf_hw_cache_op_result_id E<lt>E<lt> 16)\n"
3139 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:515
3140 msgid "where I<perf_hw_cache_id> is one of:"
3144 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:516
3146 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D>"
3147 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D>"
3150 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:519
3151 msgid "for measuring Level 1 Data Cache"
3155 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:519
3157 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I>"
3158 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I>"
3161 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:522
3162 msgid "for measuring Level 1 Instruction Cache"
3166 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:522
3168 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL>"
3169 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL>"
3172 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:525
3173 msgid "for measuring Last-Level Cache"
3177 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:525
3179 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB>"
3180 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB>"
3183 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:528
3184 msgid "for measuring the Data TLB"
3188 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:528
3190 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB>"
3191 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB>"
3194 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:531
3195 msgid "for measuring the Instruction TLB"
3199 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:531
3201 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_BPU>"
3202 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_BPU>"
3205 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:534
3206 msgid "for measuring the branch prediction unit"
3210 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:534
3212 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_NODE> (since Linux 3.0)"
3213 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_NODE> (Linux 3.0 以降)"
3216 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:537
3217 msgid "for measuring local memory accesses"
3221 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:542
3222 msgid "and I<perf_hw_cache_op_id> is one of"
3226 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:543
3228 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ>"
3229 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ>"
3232 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:546
3233 msgid "for read accesses"
3237 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:546
3239 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_WRITE>"
3240 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_WRITE>"
3243 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:549
3244 msgid "for write accesses"
3248 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:549
3250 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_PREFETCH>"
3251 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_PREFETCH>"
3254 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:552
3255 msgid "for prefetch accesses"
3259 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:557
3260 msgid "and I<perf_hw_cache_op_result_id> is one of"
3264 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:558
3266 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS>"
3267 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS>"
3270 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:561
3271 msgid "to measure accesses"
3275 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:561
3277 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS>"
3278 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS>"
3281 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:564
3282 msgid "to measure misses"
3286 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:582
3288 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_RAW>, then a custom \"raw\" I<config> value is "
3289 "needed. Most CPUs support events that are not covered by the \"generalized"
3290 "\" events. These are implementation defined; see your CPU manual (for "
3291 "example the Intel Volume 3B documentation or the AMD BIOS and Kernel "
3292 "Developer Guide). The libpfm4 library can be used to translate from the "
3293 "name in the architectural manuals to the raw hex value B<perf_event_open>() "
3294 "expects in this field."
3298 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:591
3300 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT>, then leave I<config> set to zero. "
3301 "Its parameters are set in other places."
3305 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:592
3307 msgid "I<sample_period>, I<sample_freq>"
3308 msgstr "I<sample_period>, I<sample_freq>"
3311 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:604
3313 "A \"sampling\" counter is one that generates an interrupt every N events, "
3314 "where N is given by I<sample_period>. A sampling counter has "
3315 "I<sample_period> E<gt> 0. When an overflow interrupt occurs, requested data "
3316 "is recorded in the mmap buffer. The I<sample_type> field controls what data "
3317 "is recorded on each interrupt."
3321 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:614
3323 "I<sample_freq> can be used if you wish to use frequency rather than period. "
3324 "In this case, you set the I<freq> flag. The kernel will adjust the sampling "
3325 "period to try and achieve the desired rate. The rate of adjustment is a "
3330 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:614
3332 msgid "I<sample_type>"
3333 msgstr "I<sample_type>"
3336 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:626
3338 "The various bits in this field specify which values to include in the "
3339 "sample. They will be recorded in a ring-buffer, which is available to user "
3340 "space using B<mmap>(2). The order in which the values are saved in the "
3341 "sample are documented in the MMAP Layout subsection below; it is not the "
3342 "I<enum perf_event_sample_format> order."
3346 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:627
3348 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP>"
3349 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP>"
3352 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:630
3353 msgid "Records instruction pointer."
3357 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:630
3359 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TID>"
3360 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TID>"
3363 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:633
3364 msgid "Records the process and thread IDs."
3368 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:633
3370 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TIME>"
3371 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TIME>"
3374 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:636
3375 msgid "Records a timestamp."
3379 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:636
3381 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR>"
3382 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR>"
3385 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:639
3386 msgid "Records an address, if applicable."
3390 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:639
3392 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_READ>"
3393 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_READ>"
3396 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:642
3398 "Record counter values for all events in a group, not just the group leader."
3402 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:642
3404 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN>"
3405 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN>"
3408 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:645
3409 msgid "Records the callchain (stack backtrace)."
3413 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:645
3415 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID>"
3416 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID>"
3419 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:648
3420 msgid "Records a unique ID for the opened event's group leader."
3424 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:648
3426 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_CPU>"
3427 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_CPU>"
3430 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:651
3431 msgid "Records CPU number."
3435 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:651
3437 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD>"
3438 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD>"
3441 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:654
3442 msgid "Records the current sampling period."
3446 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:654
3448 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID>"
3449 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID>"
3452 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:662
3454 "Records a unique ID for the opened event. Unlike B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> the "
3455 "actual ID is returned, not the group leader. This ID is the same as the one "
3456 "returned by B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>."
3460 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:662
3462 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_RAW>"
3463 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_RAW>"
3466 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:666
3468 "Records additional data, if applicable. Usually returned by tracepoint "
3473 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:666
3475 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (since Linux 3.4)"
3476 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (Linux 3.4 以降)"
3479 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:671
3481 "This provides a record of recent branches, as provided by CPU branch "
3482 "sampling hardware (such as Intel Last Branch Record). Not all hardware "
3483 "supports this feature."
3487 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:675
3489 "See the I<branch_sample_type> field for how to filter which branches are "
3494 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:675
3496 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER> (since Linux 3.7)"
3497 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER> (Linux 3.7 以降)"
3500 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:679
3502 "Records the current user-level CPU register state (the values in the process "
3503 "before the kernel was called)."
3507 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:679
3509 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> (since Linux 3.7)"
3510 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> (Linux 3.7 以降)"
3513 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:682
3514 msgid "Records the user level stack, allowing stack unwinding."
3518 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:682
3520 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT> (since Linux 3.10)"
3521 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT> (Linux 3.10 以降)"
3524 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:688
3526 "Records a hardware provided weight value that expresses how costly the "
3527 "sampled event was. This allows the hardware to highlight expensive events "
3532 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:688
3534 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC> (since Linux 3.10)"
3535 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC> (Linux 3.10 以降)"
3538 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:694
3540 "Records the data source: where in the memory hierarchy the data associated "
3541 "with the sampled instruction came from. This is only available if the "
3542 "underlying hardware supports this feature."
3546 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:694
3548 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER> (since Linux 3.12)"
3549 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER> (Linux 3.12 以降)"
3552 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:701
3554 "Places the B<SAMPLE_ID> value in a fixed position in the record, either at "
3555 "the beginning (for sample events) or at the end (if a non-sample event)."
3559 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:713
3561 "This was necessary because a sample stream may have records from various "
3562 "different event sources with different I<sample_type> settings. Parsing the "
3563 "event stream properly was not possible because the format of the record was "
3564 "needed to find B<SAMPLE_ID>, but the format could not be found without "
3565 "knowing what event the sample belonged to (causing a circular dependency)."
3569 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:723
3571 "This new B<PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER> setting makes the event stream always "
3572 "parsable by putting B<SAMPLE_ID> in a fixed location, even though it means "
3573 "having duplicate B<SAMPLE_ID> values in records."
3577 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:723
3579 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION> (Since Linux 3.13)"
3580 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION> (Linux 3.13 以降)"
3583 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:727
3585 "Records reasons for transactional memory abort events (for example, from "
3586 "Intel TSX transactional memory support)."
3590 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:735
3592 "The I<precise_ip> setting must be greater than 0 and a transactional memory "
3593 "abort event must be measured or no values will be recorded. Also note that "
3594 "some perf_event measurements, such as sampled cycle counting, may cause "
3595 "extraneous aborts (by causing an interrupt during a transaction)."
3599 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:736
3601 msgid "I<read_format>"
3602 msgstr "I<read_format>"
3605 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:743
3607 "This field specifies the format of the data returned by B<read>(2) on a "
3608 "B<perf_event_open>() file descriptor."
3612 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:744
3614 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED>"
3615 msgstr "B<PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED>"
3618 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:751
3620 "Adds the 64-bit I<time_enabled> field. This can be used to calculate "
3621 "estimated totals if the PMU is overcommitted and multiplexing is happening."
3625 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:751
3627 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING>"
3628 msgstr "B<PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING>"
3631 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:758
3633 "Adds the 64-bit I<time_running> field. This can be used to calculate "
3634 "estimated totals if the PMU is overcommitted and multiplexing is happening."
3638 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:758
3640 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>"
3641 msgstr "B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>"
3644 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:761
3645 msgid "Adds a 64-bit unique value that corresponds to the event group."
3649 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:761
3651 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP>"
3652 msgstr "B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP>"
3655 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:764
3656 msgid "Allows all counter values in an event group to be read with one read."
3660 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:765
3663 msgstr "I<disabled>"
3666 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:775
3668 "The I<disabled> bit specifies whether the counter starts out disabled or "
3669 "enabled. If disabled, the event can later be enabled by B<ioctl>(2), "
3670 "B<prctl>(2), or I<enable_on_exec>."
3674 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:786
3676 "When creating an event group, typically the group leader is initialized with "
3677 "I<disabled> set to 1 and any child events are initialized with I<disabled> "
3678 "set to 0. Despite I<disabled> being 0, the child events will not start "
3679 "until the group leader is enabled."
3683 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:786
3689 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:795
3691 "The I<inherit> bit specifies that this counter should count events of child "
3692 "tasks as well as the task specified. This applies only to new children, not "
3693 "to any existing children at the time the counter is created (nor to any new "
3694 "children of existing children)."
3698 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:800
3700 "Inherit does not work for some combinations of I<read_format>s, such as "
3701 "B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP>."
3705 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:800
3711 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:813
3713 "The I<pinned> bit specifies that the counter should always be on the CPU if "
3714 "at all possible. It applies only to hardware counters and only to group "
3715 "leaders. If a pinned counter cannot be put onto the CPU (e.g., because "
3716 "there are not enough hardware counters or because of a conflict with some "
3717 "other event), then the counter goes into an 'error' state, where reads "
3718 "return end-of-file (i.e., B<read>(2) returns 0) until the counter is "
3719 "subsequently enabled or disabled."
3723 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:813
3725 msgid "I<exclusive>"
3726 msgstr "I<exclusive>"
3729 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:822
3731 "The I<exclusive> bit specifies that when this counter's group is on the CPU, "
3732 "it should be the only group using the CPU's counters. In the future this "
3733 "may allow monitoring programs to support PMU features that need to run alone "
3734 "so that they do not disrupt other hardware counters."
3738 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:829
3740 "Note that many unexpected situations may prevent events with the "
3741 "I<exclusive> bit set from ever running. This includes any users running a "
3742 "system-wide measurement as well as any kernel use of the performance "
3743 "counters (including the commonly enabled NMI Watchdog Timer interface)."
3747 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:829
3749 msgid "I<exclude_user>"
3750 msgstr "I<exclude_user>"
3753 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:832
3755 "If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in user space."
3759 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:832
3761 msgid "I<exclude_kernel>"
3762 msgstr "I<exclude_kernel>"
3765 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:835
3767 "If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in kernel-space."
3771 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:835
3773 msgid "I<exclude_hv>"
3774 msgstr "I<exclude_hv>"
3777 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:843
3779 "If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in the "
3780 "hypervisor. This is mainly for PMUs that have built-in support for handling "
3781 "this (such as POWER). Extra support is needed for handling hypervisor "
3782 "measurements on most machines."
3786 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:843
3788 msgid "I<exclude_idle>"
3789 msgstr "I<exclude_idle>"
3792 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:846
3793 msgid "If set, don't count when the CPU is idle."
3797 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:846
3803 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:860
3805 "The I<mmap> bit enables generation of B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP> samples for every "
3806 "B<mmap>(2) call that has B<PROT_EXEC> set. This allows tools to notice new "
3807 "executable code being mapped into a program (dynamic shared libraries for "
3808 "example) so that addresses can be mapped back to the original code."
3812 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:860 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1696
3818 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:878
3820 "The I<comm> bit enables tracking of process command name as modified by the "
3821 "B<exec>(2) and B<prctl>(PR_SET_NAME) system calls as well as writing to I</"
3822 "proc/self/comm>. If the I<comm_exec> flag is also successfully set "
3823 "(possible since Linux 3.16), then the misc flag "
3824 "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_COMM_EXEC> can be used to differentiate the B<exec>(2) "
3825 "case from the others."
3829 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:878
3835 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:885
3837 "If this bit is set, then I<sample_frequency> not I<sample_period> is used "
3838 "when setting up the sampling interval."
3842 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:885
3844 msgid "I<inherit_stat>"
3845 msgstr "I<inherit_stat>"
3848 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:892
3850 "This bit enables saving of event counts on context switch for inherited "
3851 "tasks. This is meaningful only if the I<inherit> field is set."
3855 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:892
3857 msgid "I<enable_on_exec>"
3858 msgstr "I<enable_on_exec>"
3861 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:897
3863 "If this bit is set, a counter is automatically enabled after a call to "
3868 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:897
3874 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:901
3876 "If this bit is set, then fork/exit notifications are included in the ring "
3881 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:901
3883 msgid "I<watermark>"
3884 msgstr "I<watermark>"
3887 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:909
3889 "If set, have a sampling interrupt happen when we cross the "
3890 "I<wakeup_watermark> boundary. Otherwise, interrupts happen after "
3891 "I<wakeup_events> samples."
3895 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:909
3897 msgid "I<precise_ip> (since Linux 2.6.35)"
3898 msgstr "I<precise_ip> (Linux 2.6.35 以降)"
3901 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:919
3903 "This controls the amount of skid. Skid is how many instructions execute "
3904 "between an event of interest happening and the kernel being able to stop and "
3905 "record the event. Smaller skid is better and allows more accurate reporting "
3906 "of which events correspond to which instructions, but hardware is often "
3907 "limited with how small this can be."
3911 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:921
3912 msgid "The values of this are the following:"
3916 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:922
3922 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:926
3923 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> can have arbitrary skid."
3927 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:926
3933 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:930
3934 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> must have constant skid."
3938 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:930
3944 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:934
3945 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> requested to have 0 skid."
3949 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:934
3955 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:940
3956 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> must have 0 skid. See also B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXACT_IP>."
3960 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:941
3962 msgid "I<mmap_data> (since Linux 2.6.36)"
3963 msgstr "I<mmap_data> (Linux 2.6.36 以降)"
3966 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:953
3968 "The counterpart of the I<mmap> field. This enables generation of "
3969 "B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP> samples for B<mmap>(2) calls that do not have "
3970 "B<PROT_EXEC> set (for example data and SysV shared memory)."
3974 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:953
3976 msgid "I<sample_id_all> (since Linux 2.6.38)"
3977 msgstr "I<sample_id_all> (Linux 2.6.38 以降)"
3980 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:961
3982 "If set, then TID, TIME, ID, STREAM_ID, and CPU can additionally be included "
3983 "in non-B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE>s if the corresponding I<sample_type> is "
3988 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:969
3990 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER> is specified, then an additional ID value is "
3991 "included as the last value to ease parsing the record stream. This may lead "
3992 "to the I<id> value appearing twice."
3996 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:971
3997 msgid "The layout is described by this pseudo-structure:"
4001 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:981
4004 "struct sample_id {\n"
4005 " { u32 pid, tid; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TID set */\n"
4006 " { u64 time; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TIME set */\n"
4007 " { u64 id; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ID set */\n"
4008 " { u64 stream_id;} /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID set */\n"
4009 " { u32 cpu, res; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CPU set */\n"
4010 " { u64 id; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER set */\n"
4013 "struct sample_id {\n"
4014 " { u32 pid, tid; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TID set */\n"
4015 " { u64 time; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TIME set */\n"
4016 " { u64 id; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ID set */\n"
4017 " { u64 stream_id;} /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID set */\n"
4018 " { u32 cpu, res; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CPU set */\n"
4019 " { u64 id; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER set */\n"
4023 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:982
4025 msgid "I<exclude_host> (since Linux 3.2)"
4026 msgstr "I<exclude_host> (Linux 3.2 以降)"
4029 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:985
4030 msgid "Do not measure time spent in VM host."
4034 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:985
4036 msgid "I<exclude_guest> (since Linux 3.2)"
4037 msgstr "I<exclude_guest> (Linux 3.2 以降)"
4040 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:988
4041 msgid "Do not measure time spent in VM guest."
4045 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:988
4047 msgid "I<exclude_callchain_kernel> (since Linux 3.7)"
4048 msgstr "I<exclude_callchain_kernel> (Linux 3.7 以降)"
4051 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:991
4052 msgid "Do not include kernel callchains."
4056 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:991
4058 msgid "I<exclude_callchain_user> (since Linux 3.7)"
4059 msgstr "I<exclude_callchain_user> (Linux 3.7 以降)"
4062 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:994
4063 msgid "Do not include user callchains."
4067 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:994
4069 msgid "I<mmap2> (since Linux 3.16)"
4070 msgstr "I<mmap2> (Linux 3.16 以降)"
4073 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1001
4075 "Generate an extended executable mmap record that contains enough additional "
4076 "information to uniquely identify shared mappings. The I<mmap> flag must "
4077 "also be set for this to work."
4081 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1001
4083 msgid "I<comm_exec> (since Linux 3.16)"
4084 msgstr "I<comm_exec> (Linux 3.16 以降)"
4087 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1016
4089 "This is purely a feature-detection flag, it does not change kernel "
4090 "behavior. If this flag can successfully be set, then, when I<comm> is "
4091 "enabled, the B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_COMM_EXEC> flag will be set in the I<misc> "
4092 "field of a comm record header if the rename event being reported was caused "
4093 "by a call to B<exec>(2). This allows tools to distinguish between the "
4094 "various types of process renaming."
4098 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1016
4100 msgid "I<wakeup_events>, I<wakeup_watermark>"
4101 msgstr "I<wakeup_events>, I<wakeup_watermark>"
4104 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1026
4106 "This union sets how many samples (I<wakeup_events>) or bytes "
4107 "(I<wakeup_watermark>) happen before an overflow signal happens. Which one "
4108 "is used is selected by the I<watermark> bit flag."
4112 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1036
4114 "I<wakeup_events> only counts B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE> record types. To receive "
4115 "a signal for every incoming B<PERF_RECORD> type set I<wakeup_watermark> to 1."
4119 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1036
4121 msgid "I<bp_type> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
4122 msgstr "I<bp_type> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
4125 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1040
4126 msgid "This chooses the breakpoint type. It is one of:"
4130 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1041
4132 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_EMPTY>"
4133 msgstr "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_EMPTY>"
4136 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1044
4137 msgid "No breakpoint."
4141 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1044
4143 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_R>"
4144 msgstr "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_R>"
4147 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1047
4148 msgid "Count when we read the memory location."
4152 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1047
4154 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_W>"
4155 msgstr "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_W>"
4158 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1050
4159 msgid "Count when we write the memory location."
4163 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1050
4165 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_RW>"
4166 msgstr "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_RW>"
4169 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1053
4170 msgid "Count when we read or write the memory location."
4174 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1053
4176 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_X>"
4177 msgstr "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_X>"
4180 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1056
4181 msgid "Count when we execute code at the memory location."
4185 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1065
4187 "The values can be combined via a bitwise or, but the combination of "
4188 "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_R> or B<HW_BREAKPOINT_W> with B<HW_BREAKPOINT_X> is not "
4193 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1066
4195 msgid "I<bp_addr> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
4196 msgstr "I<bp_addr> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
4199 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1073
4201 "I<bp_addr> address of the breakpoint. For execution breakpoints this is the "
4202 "memory address of the instruction of interest; for read and write "
4203 "breakpoints it is the memory address of the memory location of interest."
4207 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1073
4209 msgid "I<config1> (since Linux 2.6.39)"
4210 msgstr "I<config1> (Linux 2.6.39 以降)"
4213 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1080
4215 "I<config1> is used for setting events that need an extra register or "
4216 "otherwise do not fit in the regular config field. Raw OFFCORE_EVENTS on "
4217 "Nehalem/Westmere/SandyBridge use this field on 3.3 and later kernels."
4221 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1080
4223 msgid "I<bp_len> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
4224 msgstr "I<bp_len> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
4227 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1094
4229 "I<bp_len> is the length of the breakpoint being measured if I<type> is "
4230 "B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT>. Options are B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_1>, "
4231 "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_2>, B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_4>, B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_8>. For "
4232 "an execution breakpoint, set this to I<sizeof(long)>."
4236 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1094
4238 msgid "I<config2> (since Linux 2.6.39)"
4239 msgstr "I<config2> (Linux 2.6.39 以降)"
4242 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1101
4243 msgid "I<config2> is a further extension of the I<config1> field."
4247 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1101
4249 msgid "I<branch_sample_type> (since Linux 3.4)"
4250 msgstr "I<branch_sample_type> (Linux 3.4 以降)"
4253 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1107
4255 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> is enabled, then this specifies what branches "
4256 "to include in the branch record."
4260 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1113
4262 "The first part of the value is the privilege level, which is a combination "
4263 "of one of the following values. If the user does not set privilege level "
4264 "explicitly, the kernel will use the event's privilege level. Event and "
4265 "branch privilege levels do not have to match."
4269 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1114
4271 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_USER>"
4275 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1117
4276 msgid "Branch target is in user space."
4280 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1117
4282 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_KERNEL>"
4286 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1120
4287 msgid "Branch target is in kernel space."
4291 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1120
4293 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_HV>"
4297 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1123
4298 msgid "Branch target is in hypervisor."
4302 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1123
4304 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_PLM_ALL>"
4308 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1126
4309 msgid "A convenience value that is the three preceding values ORed together."
4313 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1130
4315 "In addition to the privilege value, at least one or more of the following "
4320 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1131
4322 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY>"
4326 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1134
4327 msgid "Any branch type."
4331 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1134
4333 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY_CALL>"
4337 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1137
4338 msgid "Any call branch."
4342 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1137
4344 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY_RETURN>"
4348 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1140
4349 msgid "Any return branch."
4353 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1140
4355 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_CALL>"
4359 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1143
4360 msgid "Indirect calls."
4364 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1143
4366 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_COND> (since Linux 3.16)"
4367 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_COND> (Linux 3.16 以降)"
4370 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1146
4371 msgid "Conditional branches."
4375 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1146
4377 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ABORT_TX> (since Linux 3.11)"
4378 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ABORT_TX> (Linux 3.11 以降)"
4381 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1149
4382 msgid "Transactional memory aborts."
4386 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1149
4388 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IN_TX> (since Linux 3.11)"
4389 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IN_TX> (Linux 3.11 以降)"
4392 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1152
4393 msgid "Branch in transactional memory transaction."
4397 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1152
4399 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_NO_TX> (since Linux 3.11)"
4400 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_NO_TX> (Linux 3.11 以降)"
4403 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1155
4404 msgid "Branch not in transactional memory transaction."
4408 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1157
4410 msgid "I<sample_regs_user> (since Linux 3.7)"
4411 msgstr "I<sample_regs_user> (Linux 3.7 以降)"
4414 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1163
4416 "This bit mask defines the set of user CPU registers to dump on samples. The "
4417 "layout of the register mask is architecture-specific and described in the "
4418 "kernel header I<arch/ARCH/include/uapi/asm/perf_regs.h>."
4422 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1163
4424 msgid "I<sample_stack_user> (since Linux 3.7)"
4425 msgstr "I<sample_stack_user> (Linux 3.7 以降)"
4428 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1168
4430 "This defines the size of the user stack to dump if B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> "
4435 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1168
4437 msgid "Reading results"
4441 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1178
4443 "Once a B<perf_event_open>() file descriptor has been opened, the values of "
4444 "the events can be read from the file descriptor. The values that are there "
4445 "are specified by the I<read_format> field in the I<attr> structure at open "
4450 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1183
4452 "If you attempt to read into a buffer that is not big enough to hold the data "
4453 "B<ENOSPC> is returned"
4457 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1185
4458 msgid "Here is the layout of the data returned by a read:"
4462 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1185 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1203
4463 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1735 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1745
4464 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1753 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1759
4465 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1888 build/C/man2/splice.2:55
4466 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:61 build/C/man2/splice.2:70
4472 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1189
4474 "If B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was specified to allow reading all events in a group "
4479 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1201
4482 "struct read_format {\n"
4483 " u64 nr; /* The number of events */\n"
4484 " u64 time_enabled; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED */\n"
4485 " u64 time_running; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING */\n"
4487 " u64 value; /* The value of the event */\n"
4488 " u64 id; /* if PERF_FORMAT_ID */\n"
4494 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1209
4495 msgid "If B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was I<not> specified:"
4499 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1218
4502 "struct read_format {\n"
4503 " u64 value; /* The value of the event */\n"
4504 " u64 time_enabled; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED */\n"
4505 " u64 time_running; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING */\n"
4506 " u64 id; /* if PERF_FORMAT_ID */\n"
4511 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1222
4512 msgid "The values read are as follows:"
4516 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1222
4522 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1228
4524 "The number of events in this file descriptor. Only available if "
4525 "B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was specified."
4529 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1228
4531 msgid "I<time_enabled>, I<time_running>"
4535 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1240
4537 "Total time the event was enabled and running. Normally these are the same. "
4538 "If more events are started, then available counter slots on the PMU, then "
4539 "multiplexing happens and events run only part of the time. In that case, "
4540 "the I<time_enabled> and I<time running> values can be used to scale an "
4541 "estimated value for the count."
4545 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1240
4551 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1243
4552 msgid "An unsigned 64-bit value containing the counter result."
4556 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1243 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1667
4557 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1833
4563 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1249
4565 "A globally unique value for this particular event, only there if "
4566 "B<PERF_FORMAT_ID> was specified in I<read_format>."
4570 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1249
4576 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1259
4578 "When using B<perf_event_open>() in sampled mode, asynchronous events (like "
4579 "counter overflow or B<PROT_EXEC> mmap tracking) are logged into a ring-"
4580 "buffer. This ring-buffer is created and accessed through B<mmap>(2)."
4584 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1265
4586 "The mmap size should be 1+2^n pages, where the first page is a metadata page "
4587 "(I<struct perf_event_mmap_page>) that contains various bits of information "
4588 "such as where the ring-buffer head is."
4592 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1268
4594 "Before kernel 2.6.39, there is a bug that means you must allocate a mmap "
4595 "ring buffer when sampling even if you do not plan to access it."
4599 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1270
4600 msgid "The structure of the first metadata mmap page is as follows:"
4604 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1299
4607 "struct perf_event_mmap_page {\n"
4608 " __u32 version; /* version number of this structure */\n"
4609 " __u32 compat_version; /* lowest version this is compat with */\n"
4610 " __u32 lock; /* seqlock for synchronization */\n"
4611 " __u32 index; /* hardware counter identifier */\n"
4612 " __s64 offset; /* add to hardware counter value */\n"
4613 " __u64 time_enabled; /* time event active */\n"
4614 " __u64 time_running; /* time event on CPU */\n"
4616 " __u64 capabilities;\n"
4618 " __u64 cap_usr_time / cap_usr_rdpmc / cap_bit0 : 1,\n"
4619 " cap_bit0_is_deprecated : 1,\n"
4620 " cap_user_rdpmc : 1,\n"
4621 " cap_user_time : 1,\n"
4622 " cap_user_time_zero : 1,\n"
4625 " __u16 pmc_width;\n"
4626 " __u16 time_shift;\n"
4627 " __u32 time_mult;\n"
4628 " __u64 time_offset;\n"
4629 " __u64 __reserved[120]; /* Pad to 1k */\n"
4630 " __u64 data_head; /* head in the data section */\n"
4631 " __u64 data_tail; /* user-space written tail */\n"
4636 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1305
4638 "The following list describes the fields in the I<perf_event_mmap_page> "
4639 "structure in more detail:"
4643 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1305
4649 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1308
4650 msgid "Version number of this structure."
4654 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1308
4656 msgid "I<compat_version>"
4660 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1311
4661 msgid "The lowest version this is compatible with."
4665 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1311
4671 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1314
4672 msgid "A seqlock for synchronization."
4676 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1314
4682 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1317
4683 msgid "A unique hardware counter identifier."
4687 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1317
4693 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1322
4695 "When using rdpmc for reads this offset value must be added to the one "
4696 "returned by rdpmc to get the current total event count."
4700 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1322
4702 msgid "I<time_enabled>"
4706 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1325
4707 msgid "Time the event was active."
4711 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1325
4713 msgid "I<time_running>"
4717 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1328
4718 msgid "Time the event was running."
4722 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1328
4724 msgid "I<cap_usr_time> / I<cap_usr_rdpmc> / I<cap_bit0> (since Linux 3.4)"
4728 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1341
4730 "There was a bug in the definition of I<cap_usr_time> and I<cap_usr_rdpmc> "
4731 "from Linux 3.4 until Linux 3.11. Both bits were defined to point to the "
4732 "same location, so it was impossible to know if I<cap_usr_time> or "
4733 "I<cap_usr_rdpmc> were actually set."
4737 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1349
4739 "Starting with 3.12 these are renamed to I<cap_bit0> and you should use the "
4740 "new I<cap_user_time> and I<cap_user_rdpmc> fields instead."
4744 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1350
4746 msgid "I<cap_bit0_is_deprecated> (since Linux 3.12)"
4747 msgstr "I<cap_bit0_is_deprecated> (Linux 3.12 以降)"
4750 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1358
4752 "If set, this bit indicates that the kernel supports the properly separated "
4753 "I<cap_user_time> and I<cap_user_rdpmc> bits."
4757 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1365
4759 "If not-set, it indicates an older kernel where I<cap_usr_time> and "
4760 "I<cap_usr_rdpmc> map to the same bit and thus both features should be used "
4765 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1366
4767 msgid "I<cap_user_rdpmc> (since Linux 3.12)"
4768 msgstr "I<cap_user_rdpmc> (Linux 3.12 以降)"
4771 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1371
4773 "If the hardware supports user-space read of performance counters without "
4774 "syscall (this is the \"rdpmc\" instruction on x86), then the following code "
4775 "can be used to do a read:"
4779 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1377
4782 "u32 seq, time_mult, time_shift, idx, width;\n"
4783 "u64 count, enabled, running;\n"
4784 "u64 cyc, time_offset;\n"
4786 "u32 seq, time_mult, time_shift, idx, width;\n"
4787 "u64 count, enabled, running;\n"
4788 "u64 cyc, time_offset;\n"
4791 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1383
4795 " seq = pc-E<gt>lock;\n"
4797 " enabled = pc-E<gt>time_enabled;\n"
4798 " running = pc-E<gt>time_running;\n"
4801 " seq = pc-E<gt>lock;\n"
4803 " enabled = pc-E<gt>time_enabled;\n"
4804 " running = pc-E<gt>time_running;\n"
4807 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1390
4810 " if (pc-E<gt>cap_usr_time && enabled != running) {\n"
4812 " time_offset = pc-E<gt>time_offset;\n"
4813 " time_mult = pc-E<gt>time_mult;\n"
4814 " time_shift = pc-E<gt>time_shift;\n"
4817 " if (pc-E<gt>cap_usr_time && enabled != running) {\n"
4819 " time_offset = pc-E<gt>time_offset;\n"
4820 " time_mult = pc-E<gt>time_mult;\n"
4821 " time_shift = pc-E<gt>time_shift;\n"
4825 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1393
4828 " idx = pc-E<gt>index;\n"
4829 " count = pc-E<gt>offset;\n"
4831 " idx = pc-E<gt>index;\n"
4832 " count = pc-E<gt>offset;\n"
4835 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1398
4838 " if (pc-E<gt>cap_usr_rdpmc && idx) {\n"
4839 " width = pc-E<gt>pmc_width;\n"
4840 " count += rdpmc(idx - 1);\n"
4843 " if (pc-E<gt>cap_usr_rdpmc && idx) {\n"
4844 " width = pc-E<gt>pmc_width;\n"
4845 " count += rdpmc(idx - 1);\n"
4849 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1401
4853 "} while (pc-E<gt>lock != seq);\n"
4856 "} while (pc-E<gt>lock != seq);\n"
4859 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1403
4861 #| msgid "I<cap_user_time (since Linux 3.12)>"
4862 msgid "I<cap_user_time> (since Linux 3.12)"
4863 msgstr "I<cap_user_time (Linux 3.12 以降)>"
4866 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1407
4868 "This bit indicates the hardware has a constant, nonstop timestamp counter "
4873 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1407
4875 msgid "I<cap_user_time_zero> (since Linux 3.12)"
4876 msgstr "I<cap_user_time_zero> (Linux 3.12 以降)"
4879 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1413
4881 "Indicates the presence of I<time_zero> which allows mapping timestamp values "
4882 "to the hardware clock."
4886 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1413
4888 msgid "I<pmc_width>"
4889 msgstr "I<pmc_width>"
4892 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1420
4894 "If I<cap_usr_rdpmc>, this field provides the bit-width of the value read "
4895 "using the rdpmc or equivalent instruction. This can be used to sign extend "
4900 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1426
4903 "pmc E<lt>E<lt>= 64 - pmc_width;\n"
4904 "pmc E<gt>E<gt>= 64 - pmc_width; // signed shift right\n"
4907 "pmc E<lt>E<lt>= 64 - pmc_width;\n"
4908 "pmc E<gt>E<gt>= 64 - pmc_width; // signed shift right\n"
4912 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1428
4914 msgid "I<time_shift>, I<time_mult>, I<time_offset>"
4915 msgstr "I<time_shift>, I<time_mult>, I<time_offset>"
4918 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1435
4920 "If I<cap_usr_time>, these fields can be used to compute the time delta since "
4921 "time_enabled (in nanoseconds) using rdtsc or similar."
4925 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1443
4930 " quot = (cyc E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
4931 " rem = cyc & ((1 E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) - 1);\n"
4932 " delta = time_offset + quot * time_mult +\n"
4933 " ((rem * time_mult) E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
4937 " quot = (cyc E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
4938 " rem = cyc & ((1 E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) - 1);\n"
4939 " delta = time_offset + quot * time_mult +\n"
4940 " ((rem * time_mult) E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
4943 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1455
4945 "Where I<time_offset>, I<time_mult>, I<time_shift>, and I<cyc> are read in "
4946 "the seqcount loop described above. This delta can then be added to enabled "
4947 "and possible running (if idx), improving the scaling:"
4951 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1463
4954 " enabled += delta;\n"
4956 " running += delta;\n"
4957 " quot = count / running;\n"
4958 " rem = count % running;\n"
4959 " count = quot * enabled + (rem * enabled) / running;\n"
4961 " enabled += delta;\n"
4963 " running += delta;\n"
4964 " quot = count / running;\n"
4965 " rem = count % running;\n"
4966 " count = quot * enabled + (rem * enabled) / running;\n"
4969 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1464
4971 msgid "I<time_zero> (since Linux 3.12)"
4972 msgstr "I<time_zero> (Linux 3.12 以降)"
4975 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1472
4977 "If I<cap_usr_time_zero> is set, then the hardware clock (the TSC timestamp "
4978 "counter on x86) can be calculated from the I<time_zero>, I<time_mult>, and "
4979 "I<time_shift> values:"
4983 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1478
4986 " time = timestamp - time_zero;\n"
4987 " quot = time / time_mult;\n"
4988 " rem = time % time_mult;\n"
4989 " cyc = (quot E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) + (rem E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) / time_mult;\n"
4991 " time = timestamp - time_zero;\n"
4992 " quot = time / time_mult;\n"
4993 " rem = time % time_mult;\n"
4994 " cyc = (quot E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) + (rem E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) / time_mult;\n"
4997 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1481
4998 msgid "And vice versa:"
5002 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1487
5005 " quot = cyc E<gt>E<gt> time_shift;\n"
5006 " rem = cyc & ((1 E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) - 1);\n"
5007 " timestamp = time_zero + quot * time_mult +\n"
5008 " ((rem * time_mult) E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
5010 " quot = cyc E<gt>E<gt> time_shift;\n"
5011 " rem = cyc & ((1 E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) - 1);\n"
5012 " timestamp = time_zero + quot * time_mult +\n"
5013 " ((rem * time_mult) E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
5016 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1488
5018 msgid "I<data_head>"
5019 msgstr "I<data_head>"
5022 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1494
5024 "This points to the head of the data section. The value continuously "
5025 "increases, it does not wrap. The value needs to be manually wrapped by the "
5026 "size of the mmap buffer before accessing the samples."
5030 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1499
5032 "On SMP-capable platforms, after reading the I<data_head> value, user space "
5033 "should issue an rmb()."
5037 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1499
5039 msgid "I<data_tail>"
5040 msgstr "I<data_tail>"
5043 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1507
5045 "When the mapping is B<PROT_WRITE>, the I<data_tail> value should be written "
5046 "by user space to reflect the last read data. In this case, the kernel will "
5047 "not overwrite unread data."
5051 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1509
5052 msgid "The following 2^n ring-buffer pages have the layout described below."
5056 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1523
5058 "If I<perf_event_attr.sample_id_all> is set, then all event types will have "
5059 "the sample_type selected fields related to where/when (identity) an event "
5060 "took place (TID, TIME, ID, CPU, STREAM_ID) described in "
5061 "B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE> below, it will be stashed just after the "
5062 "I<perf_event_header> and the fields already present for the existing fields, "
5063 "that is, at the end of the payload. That way a newer perf.data file will be "
5064 "supported by older perf tools, with these new optional fields being ignored."
5068 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1525
5069 msgid "The mmap values start with a header:"
5073 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1533
5076 "struct perf_event_header {\n"
5082 "struct perf_event_header {\n"
5089 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1541
5091 "Below, we describe the I<perf_event_header> fields in more detail. For ease "
5092 "of reading, the fields with shorter descriptions are presented first."
5096 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1544
5097 msgid "This indicates the size of the record."
5101 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1544
5107 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1549
5108 msgid "The I<misc> field contains additional information about the sample."
5112 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1554
5114 "The CPU mode can be determined from this value by masking with "
5115 "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_CPUMODE_MASK> and looking for one of the following (note "
5116 "these are not bit masks, only one can be set at a time):"
5120 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1555
5122 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_CPUMODE_UNKNOWN>"
5123 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_CPUMODE_UNKNOWN>"
5126 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1558
5127 msgid "Unknown CPU mode."
5131 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1558
5133 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_KERNEL>"
5134 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_KERNEL>"
5137 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1561
5138 msgid "Sample happened in the kernel."
5142 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1561
5144 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_USER>"
5145 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_USER>"
5148 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1564
5149 msgid "Sample happened in user code."
5153 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1564
5155 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_HYPERVISOR>"
5156 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_HYPERVISOR>"
5159 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1567
5160 msgid "Sample happened in the hypervisor."
5164 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1567
5166 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_KERNEL>"
5167 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_KERNEL>"
5170 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1570
5171 msgid "Sample happened in the guest kernel."
5175 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1570
5177 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_USER>"
5178 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_USER>"
5181 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1573
5182 msgid "Sample happened in guest user code."
5186 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1577
5187 msgid "In addition, one of the following bits can be set:"
5191 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1577
5193 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_MMAP_DATA>"
5194 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_MMAP_DATA>"
5197 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1581
5199 "This is set when the mapping is not executable; otherwise the mapping is "
5204 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1581
5206 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_COMM_EXEC>"
5207 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_COMM_EXEC>"
5210 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1592
5212 "This is set for a B<PERF_RECORD_COMM> record on kernels more recent than "
5213 "Linux 3.16 if a process name change was caused by an B<exec>(2) system "
5214 "call. It is an alias for B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_MMAP_DATA> since the two values "
5215 "would not be set in the same record."
5219 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1592
5221 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXACT_IP>"
5222 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXACT_IP>"
5225 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1600
5227 "This indicates that the content of B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP> points to the actual "
5228 "instruction that triggered the event. See also I<perf_event_attr."
5233 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1600
5235 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXT_RESERVED>"
5236 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXT_RESERVED>"
5239 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1603
5240 msgid "This indicates there is extended data available (currently not used)."
5244 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1613
5246 "The I<type> value is one of the below. The values in the corresponding "
5247 "record (that follows the header) depend on the I<type> selected as shown."
5251 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1615
5253 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP>"
5254 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP>"
5257 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1622
5259 "The MMAP events record the B<PROT_EXEC> mappings so that we can correlate "
5260 "user-space IPs to code. They have the following structure:"
5264 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1633
5268 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5273 " char filename[];\n"
5277 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5282 " char filename[];\n"
5286 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1636 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1690
5287 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2209
5293 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1639 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1693
5294 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2212
5295 msgid "is the process ID."
5299 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1639 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1693
5300 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2212
5306 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1642 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1696
5307 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2215
5308 msgid "is the thread ID."
5312 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1642 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1826
5313 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2215
5319 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1651
5321 "is the address of the allocated memory. I<len> is the length of the "
5322 "allocated memory. I<pgoff> is the page offset of the allocated memory. "
5323 "I<filename> is a string describing the backing of the allocated memory."
5327 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1652
5329 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_LOST>"
5330 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_LOST>"
5333 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1655
5334 msgid "This record indicates when events are lost."
5338 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1664
5342 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5345 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5349 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5352 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5356 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1670
5357 msgid "is the unique event ID for the samples that were lost."
5361 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1670
5367 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1673
5368 msgid "is the number of events that were lost."
5372 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1674
5374 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_COMM>"
5375 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_COMM>"
5378 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1677
5379 msgid "This record indicates a change in the process name."
5383 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1687
5387 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5391 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5395 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5399 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5403 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1699
5404 msgid "is a string containing the new name of the process."
5408 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1700
5410 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_EXIT>"
5411 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_EXIT>"
5414 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1703
5415 msgid "This record indicates a process exit event."
5419 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1713 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1743
5423 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5427 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5431 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5435 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5439 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1715
5441 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_THROTTLE>, B<PERF_RECORD_UNTHROTTLE>"
5442 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_THROTTLE>, B<PERF_RECORD_UNTHROTTLE>"
5445 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1718
5446 msgid "This record indicates a throttle/unthrottle event."
5450 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1728
5454 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5458 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5462 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5466 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5470 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1730
5472 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_FORK>"
5473 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_FORK>"
5476 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1733
5477 msgid "This record indicates a fork event."
5481 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1745
5483 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_READ>"
5484 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_READ>"
5487 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1748
5488 msgid "This record indicates a read event."
5492 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1757
5496 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5498 " struct read_format values;\n"
5499 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5503 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5505 " struct read_format values;\n"
5506 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5510 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1759
5512 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE>"
5513 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE>"
5516 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1762
5517 msgid "This record indicates a sample."
5521 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1794
5525 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5526 " u64 sample_id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER */\n"
5527 " u64 ip; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IP */\n"
5528 " u32 pid, tid; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TID */\n"
5529 " u64 time; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TIME */\n"
5530 " u64 addr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR */\n"
5531 " u64 id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ID */\n"
5532 " u64 stream_id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID */\n"
5533 " u32 cpu, res; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CPU */\n"
5534 " u64 period; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD */\n"
5535 " struct read_format v; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_READ */\n"
5536 " u64 nr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN */\n"
5537 " u64 ips[nr]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN */\n"
5538 " u32 size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_RAW */\n"
5539 " char data[size]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_RAW */\n"
5540 " u64 bnr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK */\n"
5541 " struct perf_branch_entry lbr[bnr];\n"
5542 " /* if PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK */\n"
5543 " u64 abi; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER */\n"
5544 " u64 regs[weight(mask)];\n"
5545 " /* if PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER */\n"
5546 " u64 size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
5547 " char data[size]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
5548 " u64 dyn_size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
5549 " u64 weight; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT */\n"
5550 " u64 data_src; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC */\n"
5551 " u64 transaction;/* if PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION */\n"
5555 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5556 " u64 sample_id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER */\n"
5557 " u64 ip; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IP */\n"
5558 " u32 pid, tid; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TID */\n"
5559 " u64 time; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TIME */\n"
5560 " u64 addr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR */\n"
5561 " u64 id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ID */\n"
5562 " u64 stream_id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID */\n"
5563 " u32 cpu, res; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CPU */\n"
5564 " u64 period; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD */\n"
5565 " struct read_format v; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_READ */\n"
5566 " u64 nr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN */\n"
5567 " u64 ips[nr]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN */\n"
5568 " u32 size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_RAW */\n"
5569 " char data[size]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_RAW */\n"
5570 " u64 bnr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK */\n"
5571 " struct perf_branch_entry lbr[bnr];\n"
5572 " /* if PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK */\n"
5573 " u64 abi; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER */\n"
5574 " u64 regs[weight(mask)];\n"
5575 " /* if PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER */\n"
5576 " u64 size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
5577 " char data[size]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
5578 " u64 dyn_size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
5579 " u64 weight; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT */\n"
5580 " u64 data_src; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC */\n"
5581 " u64 transaction;/* if PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION */\n"
5585 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1796
5587 msgid "I<sample_id>"
5588 msgstr "I<sample_id>"
5591 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1806
5593 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER> is enabled, a 64-bit unique ID is included. "
5594 "This is a duplication of the B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> I<id> value, but included at "
5595 "the beginning of the sample so parsers can easily obtain the value."
5599 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1806
5605 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1812
5607 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP> is enabled, then a 64-bit instruction pointer value is "
5612 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1812
5614 msgid "I<pid>, I<tid>"
5615 msgstr "I<pid>, I<tid>"
5618 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1818
5620 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_TID> is enabled, then a 32-bit process ID and 32-bit thread "
5625 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1818
5631 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1826
5633 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_TIME> is enabled, then a 64-bit timestamp is included. "
5634 "This is obtained via local_clock() which is a hardware timestamp if "
5635 "available and the jiffies value if not."
5639 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1833
5641 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR> is enabled, then a 64-bit address is included. This "
5642 "is usually the address of a tracepoint, breakpoint, or software event; "
5643 "otherwise the value is 0."
5647 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1841
5649 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> is enabled, a 64-bit unique ID is included. If the "
5650 "event is a member of an event group, the group leader ID is returned. This "
5651 "ID is the same as the one returned by B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>."
5655 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1841
5657 msgid "I<stream_id>"
5658 msgstr "I<stream_id>"
5661 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1851
5663 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID> is enabled, a 64-bit unique ID is included. "
5664 "Unlike B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> the actual ID is returned, not the group leader. "
5665 "This ID is the same as the one returned by B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>."
5669 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1851
5671 msgid "I<cpu>, I<res>"
5672 msgstr "I<cpu>, I<res>"
5675 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1858
5677 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_CPU> is enabled, this is a 32-bit value indicating which "
5678 "CPU was being used, in addition to a reserved (unused) 32-bit value."
5682 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1858
5688 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1864
5690 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD> is enabled, a 64-bit value indicating the current "
5691 "sampling period is written."
5695 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1864
5701 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1875
5703 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_READ> is enabled, a structure of type read_format is "
5704 "included which has values for all events in the event group. The values "
5705 "included depend on the I<read_format> value used at B<perf_event_open>() "
5710 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1875
5712 msgid "I<nr>, I<ips[nr]>"
5713 msgstr "I<nr>, I<ips[nr]>"
5716 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1883
5718 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN> is enabled, then a 64-bit number is included "
5719 "which indicates how many following 64-bit instruction pointers will follow. "
5720 "This is the current callchain."
5724 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1883
5726 msgid "I<size>, I<data[size]>"
5727 msgstr "I<size>, I<data[size]>"
5730 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1890
5732 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_RAW> is enabled, then a 32-bit value indicating size is "
5733 "included followed by an array of 8-bit values of length size. The values "
5734 "are padded with 0 to have 64-bit alignment."
5738 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1895
5740 "This RAW record data is opaque with respect to the ABI. The ABI doesn't "
5741 "make any promises with respect to the stability of its content, it may vary "
5742 "depending on event, hardware, and kernel version."
5746 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1895
5748 msgid "I<bnr>, I<lbr[bnr]>"
5749 msgstr "I<bnr>, I<lbr[bnr]>"
5752 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1904
5754 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> is enabled, then a 64-bit value indicating "
5755 "the number of records is included, followed by I<bnr> I<perf_branch_entry> "
5756 "structures which each include the fields:"
5760 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1905
5766 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1908
5767 msgid "This indicates the source instruction (may not be a branch)."
5771 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1908
5777 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1911
5778 msgid "The branch target."
5782 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1911
5788 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1914
5789 msgid "The branch target was mispredicted."
5793 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1914
5795 msgid "I<predicted>"
5796 msgstr "I<predicted>"
5799 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1917
5800 msgid "The branch target was predicted."
5804 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1917
5806 msgid "I<in_tx> (since Linux 3.11)"
5807 msgstr "I<in_tx> (Linux 3.11 以降)"
5810 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1920
5811 msgid "The branch was in a transactional memory transaction."
5815 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1920
5817 msgid "I<abort> (since Linux 3.11)"
5818 msgstr "I<abort> (Linux 3.11 以降)"
5821 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1923
5822 msgid "The branch was in an aborted transactional memory transaction."
5826 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1927
5828 "The entries are from most to least recent, so the first entry has the most "
5833 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1934
5835 "Support for I<mispred> and I<predicted> is optional; if not supported, both "
5840 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1938
5842 "The type of branches recorded is specified by the I<branch_sample_type> "
5847 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1940
5849 msgid "I<abi>, I<regs[weight(mask)]>"
5850 msgstr "I<abi>, I<regs[weight(mask)]>"
5853 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1945
5855 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER> is enabled, then the user CPU registers are "
5860 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1951
5862 "The I<abi> field is one of B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_NONE>, "
5863 "B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_32> or B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_64>."
5867 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1961
5869 "The I<regs> field is an array of the CPU registers that were specified by "
5870 "the I<sample_regs_user> attr field. The number of values is the number of "
5871 "bits set in the I<sample_regs_user> bit mask."
5875 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1961
5877 msgid "I<size>, I<data[size]>, I<dyn_size>"
5878 msgstr "I<size>, I<data[size]>, I<dyn_size>"
5881 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1977
5883 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> is enabled, then the user stack is recorded. "
5884 "This can be used to generate stack backtraces. I<size> is the size "
5885 "requested by the user in I<sample_stack_user> or else the maximum record "
5886 "size. I<data> is the stack data (a raw dump of the memory pointed to by the "
5887 "stack pointer at the time of sampling). I<dyn_size> is the amount of data "
5888 "actually dumped (can be less than I<size>)."
5892 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1977
5898 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1985
5900 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT> is enabled, then a 64-bit value provided by the "
5901 "hardware is recorded that indicates how costly the event was. This allows "
5902 "expensive events to stand out more clearly in profiles."
5906 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1985
5909 msgstr "I<data_src>"
5912 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1991
5914 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC> is enabled, then a 64-bit value is recorded that "
5915 "is made up of the following fields:"
5919 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1992
5925 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1995
5926 msgid "Type of opcode, a bitwise combination of:"
5930 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1998
5932 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_NA>"
5933 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_OP_NA>"
5936 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2001 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2026
5937 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2077 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2101
5938 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2117
5939 msgid "Not available"
5943 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2001
5945 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_LOAD>"
5946 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_OP_LOAD>"
5949 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2004
5950 msgid "Load instruction"
5954 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2004
5956 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_STORE>"
5957 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_OP_STORE>"
5960 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2007
5961 msgid "Store instruction"
5965 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2007
5967 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_PFETCH>"
5968 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_OP_PFETCH>"
5971 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2010
5976 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2010
5978 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_EXEC>"
5979 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_OP_EXEC>"
5982 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2013
5983 msgid "Executable code"
5987 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2015
5993 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2020
5995 "Memory hierarchy level hit or miss, a bitwise combination of the following, "
5996 "shifted left by B<PERF_MEM_LVL_SHIFT>:"
6000 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2023
6002 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_NA>"
6003 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_NA>"
6006 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2026
6008 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_HIT>"
6009 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_HIT>"
6012 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2029 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2120
6017 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2029
6019 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_MISS>"
6020 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_MISS>"
6023 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2032 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2123
6028 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2032
6030 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L1>"
6031 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L1>"
6034 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2035
6035 msgid "Level 1 cache"
6039 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2035
6041 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_LFB>"
6042 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_LFB>"
6045 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2038
6046 msgid "Line fill buffer"
6050 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2038
6052 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L2>"
6053 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L2>"
6056 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2041
6057 msgid "Level 2 cache"
6061 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2041
6063 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L3>"
6064 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L3>"
6067 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2044
6068 msgid "Level 3 cache"
6072 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2044
6074 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_LOC_RAM>"
6075 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_LOC_RAM>"
6078 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2047
6083 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2047
6085 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_RAM1>"
6086 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_RAM1>"
6089 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2050
6090 msgid "Remote DRAM 1 hop"
6094 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2050
6096 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_RAM2>"
6097 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_RAM2>"
6100 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2053
6101 msgid "Remote DRAM 2 hops"
6105 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2053
6107 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_CCE1>"
6108 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_CCE1>"
6111 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2056
6112 msgid "Remote cache 1 hop"
6116 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2056
6118 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_CCE2>"
6119 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_CCE2>"
6122 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2059
6123 msgid "Remote cache 2 hops"
6127 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2059
6129 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_IO>"
6130 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_IO>"
6133 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2062
6138 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2062
6140 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_UNC>"
6141 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_UNC>"
6144 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2065
6145 msgid "Uncached memory"
6149 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2067
6151 msgid "I<mem_snoop>"
6152 msgstr "I<mem_snoop>"
6155 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2071
6157 "Snoop mode, a bitwise combination of the following, shifted left by "
6158 "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_SHIFT>:"
6162 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2074
6164 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_NA>"
6165 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_NA>"
6168 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2077
6170 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_NONE>"
6171 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_NONE>"
6174 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2080
6179 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2080
6181 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_HIT>"
6182 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_HIT>"
6185 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2083
6190 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2083
6192 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_MISS>"
6193 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_MISS>"
6196 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2086
6201 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2086
6203 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_HITM>"
6204 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_HITM>"
6207 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2089
6208 msgid "Snoop hit modified"
6212 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2091
6215 msgstr "I<mem_lock>"
6218 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2095
6220 "Lock instruction, a bitwise combination of the following, shifted left by "
6221 "B<PERF_MEM_LOCK_SHIFT>:"
6225 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2098
6227 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LOCK_NA>"
6228 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LOCK_NA>"
6231 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2101
6233 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LOCK_LOCKED>"
6234 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_LOCK_LOCKED>"
6237 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2104
6238 msgid "Locked transaction"
6242 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2106
6245 msgstr "I<mem_dtlb>"
6248 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2111
6250 "TLB access hit or miss, a bitwise combination of the following, shifted left "
6251 "by B<PERF_MEM_TLB_SHIFT>:"
6255 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2114
6257 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_NA>"
6258 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_NA>"
6261 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2117
6263 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_HIT>"
6264 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_HIT>"
6267 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2120
6269 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_MISS>"
6270 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_MISS>"
6273 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2123
6275 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_L1>"
6276 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_L1>"
6279 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2126
6284 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2126
6286 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_L2>"
6287 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_L2>"
6290 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2129
6295 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2129
6297 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_WK>"
6298 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_WK>"
6301 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2132
6302 msgid "Hardware walker"
6306 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2132
6308 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_OS>"
6309 msgstr "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_OS>"
6312 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2135
6313 msgid "OS fault handler"
6317 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2138
6319 msgid "I<transaction>"
6320 msgstr "I<transaction>"
6323 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2144
6325 "If the B<PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION> flag is set, then a 64-bit field is "
6326 "recorded describing the sources of any transactional memory aborts."
6330 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2146
6331 msgid "The field is a bitwise combination of the following values:"
6335 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2147
6337 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_ELISION>"
6338 msgstr "B<PERF_TXN_ELISION>"
6341 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2150
6342 msgid "Abort from an elision type transaction (Intel-CPU-specific)."
6346 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2150
6348 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_TRANSACTION>"
6349 msgstr "B<PERF_TXN_TRANSACTION>"
6352 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2153
6353 msgid "Abort from a generic transaction."
6357 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2153
6359 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_SYNC>"
6360 msgstr "B<PERF_TXN_SYNC>"
6363 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2156
6364 msgid "Synchronous abort (related to the reported instruction)."
6368 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2156
6370 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_ASYNC>"
6371 msgstr "B<PERF_TXN_ASYNC>"
6374 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2159
6375 msgid "Asynchronous abort (not related to the reported instruction)."
6379 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2159
6381 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_RETRY>"
6382 msgstr "B<PERF_TXN_RETRY>"
6385 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2162
6386 msgid "Retryable abort (retrying the transaction may have succeeded)."
6390 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2162
6392 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_CONFLICT>"
6393 msgstr "B<PERF_TXN_CONFLICT>"
6396 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2165
6397 msgid "Abort due to memory conflicts with other threads."
6401 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2165
6403 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_CAPACITY_WRITE>"
6407 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2168
6408 msgid "Abort due to write capacity overflow."
6412 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2168
6414 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_CAPACITY_READ>"
6418 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2171
6419 msgid "Abort due to read capacity overflow."
6423 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2178
6425 "In addition, a user-specified abort code can be obtained from the high 32 "
6426 "bits of the field by shifting right by B<PERF_TXN_ABORT_SHIFT> and masking "
6427 "with B<PERF_TXN_ABORT_MASK>."
6431 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2179
6433 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP2>"
6434 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP2>"
6437 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2188
6439 "This record includes extended information on B<mmap>(2) calls returning "
6440 "executable mappings. The format is similar to that of the "
6441 "B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP> record, but includes extra values that allow uniquely "
6442 "identifying shared mappings."
6446 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2207
6450 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
6459 " u64 ino_generation;\n"
6462 " char filename[];\n"
6463 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
6467 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
6476 " u64 ino_generation;\n"
6479 " char filename[];\n"
6480 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
6484 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2218
6485 msgid "is the address of the allocated memory."
6489 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2218
6495 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2221
6496 msgid "is the length of the allocated memory."
6500 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2221
6506 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2224
6507 msgid "is the page offset of the allocated memory."
6511 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2224
6517 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2227
6518 msgid "is the major ID of the underlying device."
6522 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2227
6528 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2230
6529 msgid "is the minor ID of the underlying device."
6533 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2230
6539 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2233
6540 msgid "is the inode number."
6544 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2233
6546 msgid "I<ino_generation>"
6547 msgstr "I<ino_generation>"
6550 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2236
6551 msgid "is the inode generation."
6555 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2236
6561 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2239
6562 msgid "is the protection information."
6566 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2239
6572 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2242
6573 msgid "is the flags information."
6577 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2242
6580 msgstr "I<filename>"
6583 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2245
6584 msgid "is a string describing the backing of the allocated memory."
6588 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2247
6590 msgid "Signal overflow"
6594 #. The following sentence doesn't seem to make sense.
6595 #. These system calls do not set up signal handlers.
6597 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2259
6599 "Events can be set to deliver a signal when a threshold is crossed. The "
6600 "signal handler is set up using the B<poll>(2), B<select>(2), B<epoll>(2) "
6601 "and B<fcntl>(2), system calls."
6605 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2263
6607 "To generate signals, sampling must be enabled (I<sample_period> must have a "
6612 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2265
6613 msgid "There are two ways to generate signals."
6617 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2275
6619 "The first is to set a I<wakeup_events> or I<wakeup_watermark> value that "
6620 "will generate a signal if a certain number of samples or bytes have been "
6621 "written to the mmap ring buffer. In this case, a signal of type B<POLL_IN> "
6626 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2287
6628 "The other way is by use of the B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH> ioctl. This ioctl "
6629 "adds to a counter that decrements each time the event overflows. When "
6630 "nonzero, a B<POLL_IN> signal is sent on overflow, but once the value reaches "
6631 "0, a signal is sent of type B<POLL_HUP> and the underlying event is disabled."
6634 #. FIXME . Find out when this was introduced
6636 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2293
6638 "Note: on newer kernels (since at least as early as Linux 3.2), a signal is "
6639 "provided for every overflow, even if I<wakeup_events> is not set."
6643 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2293
6645 msgid "rdpmc instruction"
6649 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2300
6651 "Starting with Linux 3.4 on x86, you can use the I<rdpmc> instruction to get "
6652 "low-latency reads without having to enter the kernel. Note that using "
6653 "I<rdpmc> is not necessarily faster than other methods for reading event "
6658 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2305
6660 "Support for this can be detected with the I<cap_usr_rdpmc> field in the mmap "
6661 "page; documentation on how to calculate event values can be found in that "
6666 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2305
6668 msgid "perf_event ioctl calls"
6672 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2310
6673 msgid "Various ioctls act on B<perf_event_open>() file descriptors:"
6677 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2310
6679 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
6680 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
6683 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2314
6685 "This enables the individual event or event group specified by the file "
6686 "descriptor argument."
6690 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2320
6692 "If the B<PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP> bit is set in the ioctl argument, then all "
6693 "events in a group are enabled, even if the event specified is not the group "
6694 "leader (but see BUGS)."
6698 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2320
6700 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE>"
6701 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE>"
6704 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2324
6706 "This disables the individual counter or event group specified by the file "
6707 "descriptor argument."
6711 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2331
6713 "Enabling or disabling the leader of a group enables or disables the entire "
6714 "group; that is, while the group leader is disabled, none of the counters in "
6715 "the group will count. Enabling or disabling a member of a group other than "
6716 "the leader affects only that counter; disabling a non-leader stops that "
6717 "counter from counting but doesn't affect any other counter."
6721 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2337
6723 "If the B<PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP> bit is set in the ioctl argument, then all "
6724 "events in a group are disabled, even if the event specified is not the group "
6725 "leader (but see BUGS)."
6729 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2337
6731 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH>"
6732 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH>"
6735 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2351
6737 "Non-inherited overflow counters can use this to enable a counter for a "
6738 "number of overflows specified by the argument, after which it is disabled. "
6739 "Subsequent calls of this ioctl add the argument value to the current count. "
6740 "A signal with B<POLL_IN> set will happen on each overflow until the count "
6741 "reaches 0; when that happens a signal with POLL_HUP set is sent and the "
6742 "event is disabled. Using an argument of 0 is considered undefined behavior."
6746 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2351
6748 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET>"
6749 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET>"
6752 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2361
6754 "Reset the event count specified by the file descriptor argument to zero. "
6755 "This resets only the counts; there is no way to reset the multiplexing "
6756 "I<time_enabled> or I<time_running> values."
6760 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2367
6762 "If the B<PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP> bit is set in the ioctl argument, then all "
6763 "events in a group are reset, even if the event specified is not the group "
6764 "leader (but see BUGS)."
6768 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2367
6770 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD>"
6771 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD>"
6774 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2370
6775 msgid "This updates the overflow period for the event."
6779 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2375
6781 "Since Linux 3.7 (on ARM) and Linux 3.14 (all other architectures), the new "
6782 "period takes effect immediately. On older kernels, the new period did not "
6783 "take effect until after the next overflow."
6787 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2378
6789 "The argument is a pointer to a 64-bit value containing the desired new "
6794 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2381
6796 "Prior to Linux 2.6.36 this ioctl always failed due to a bug in the kernel."
6800 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2382
6802 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_OUTPUT>"
6806 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2387
6808 "This tells the kernel to report event notifications to the specified file "
6809 "descriptor rather than the default one. The file descriptors must all be on "
6814 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2390
6816 "The argument specifies the desired file descriptor, or -1 if output should "
6821 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2390
6823 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_FILTER> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
6824 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_FILTER> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
6827 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2393
6828 msgid "This adds an ftrace filter to this event."
6832 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2395
6833 msgid "The argument is a pointer to the desired ftrace filter."
6837 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2395
6839 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ID> (since Linux 3.12)"
6840 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ID> (Linux 3.12 以降)"
6843 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2398
6844 msgid "This returns the event ID value for the given event file descriptor."
6848 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2401
6850 "The argument is a pointer to a 64-bit unsigned integer to hold the result."
6854 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2401
6860 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2414
6862 "A process can enable or disable all the event groups that are attached to it "
6863 "using the B<prctl>(2) B<PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_ENABLE> and "
6864 "B<PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_DISABLE> operations. This applies to all counters on "
6865 "the calling process, whether created by this process or by another, and does "
6866 "not affect any counters that this process has created on other processes. "
6867 "It enables or disables only the group leaders, not any other members in the "
6872 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2414
6874 msgid "perf_event related configuration files"
6878 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2417
6879 msgid "Files in I</proc/sys/kernel/>"
6883 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2418
6885 msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid>"
6889 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2424
6891 "The I<perf_event_paranoid> file can be set to restrict access to the "
6892 "performance counters."
6896 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2425
6902 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2427
6903 msgid "only allow user-space measurements."
6907 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2427
6913 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2429
6914 msgid "allow both kernel and user measurements (default)."
6918 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2429
6924 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2431
6925 msgid "allow access to CPU-specific data but not raw tracepoint samples."
6929 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2431
6935 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2433
6936 msgid "no restrictions."
6940 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2439
6942 "The existence of the I<perf_event_paranoid> file is the official method for "
6943 "determining if a kernel supports B<perf_event_open>()."
6947 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2439
6949 msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_sample_rate>"
6953 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2448
6955 "This sets the maximum sample rate. Setting this too high can allow users to "
6956 "sample at a rate that impacts overall machine performance and potentially "
6957 "lock up the machine. The default value is 100000 (samples per second)."
6961 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2448
6963 msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_mlock_kb>"
6967 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2454
6969 "Maximum number of pages an unprivileged user can B<mlock>(2). The default "
6974 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2458
6975 msgid "Files in I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/>"
6979 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2464
6981 "Since Linux 2.6.34, the kernel supports having multiple PMUs available for "
6982 "monitoring. Information on how to program these PMUs can be found under I</"
6983 "sys/bus/event_source/devices/>. Each subdirectory corresponds to a "
6988 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2464
6990 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/type> (since Linux 2.6.38)"
6991 msgstr "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/type> (Linux 2.6.38 以降)"
6994 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2471
6996 "This contains an integer that can be used in the I<type> field of "
6997 "I<perf_event_attr> to indicate that you wish to use this PMU."
7001 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2471
7003 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/rdpmc> (since Linux 3.4)"
7004 msgstr "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/rdpmc> (Linux 3.4 以降)"
7007 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2476
7009 "If this file is 1, then direct user-space access to the performance counter "
7010 "registers is allowed via the rdpmc instruction. This can be disabled by "
7011 "echoing 0 to the file."
7015 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2476
7017 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/format/> (since Linux 3.4)"
7018 msgstr "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/format/> (Linux 3.4 以降)"
7021 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2484
7023 "This subdirectory contains information on the architecture-specific "
7024 "subfields available for programming the various I<config> fields in the "
7025 "I<perf_event_attr> struct."
7029 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2495
7031 "The content of each file is the name of the config field, followed by a "
7032 "colon, followed by a series of integer bit ranges separated by commas. For "
7033 "example, the file I<event> may contain the value I<config1:1,6-10,44> which "
7034 "indicates that event is an attribute that occupies bits 1,6-10, and 44 of "
7035 "I<perf_event_attr::config1>."
7039 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2495
7041 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/events/> (since Linux 3.4)"
7042 msgstr "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/events/> (Linux 3.4 以降)"
7045 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2504
7047 "This subdirectory contains files with predefined events. The contents are "
7048 "strings describing the event settings expressed in terms of the fields found "
7049 "in the previously mentioned I<./format/> directory. These are not "
7050 "necessarily complete lists of all events supported by a PMU, but usually a "
7051 "subset of events deemed useful or interesting."
7055 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2512
7057 "The content of each file is a list of attribute names separated by commas. "
7058 "Each entry has an optional value (either hex or decimal). If no value is "
7059 "specified, then it is assumed to be a single-bit field with a value of 1. "
7060 "An example entry may look like this: I<event=0x2,inv,ldlat=3>."
7064 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2512
7066 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/uevent>"
7067 msgstr "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/uevent>"
7070 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2516
7072 "This file is the standard kernel device interface for injecting hotplug "
7077 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2516
7079 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/cpumask> (since Linux 3.7)"
7080 msgstr "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/cpumask> (Linux 3.7 以降)"
7083 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2525
7085 "The I<cpumask> file contains a comma-separated list of integers that "
7086 "indicate a representative CPU number for each socket (package) on the "
7087 "motherboard. This is needed when setting up uncore or northbridge events, "
7088 "as those PMUs present socket-wide events."
7092 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2532
7094 "B<perf_event_open>() returns the new file descriptor, or -1 if an error "
7095 "occurred (in which case, I<errno> is set appropriately)."
7099 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2537
7101 "The errors returned by B<perf_event_open>() can be inconsistent, and may "
7102 "vary across processor architectures and performance monitoring units."
7106 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2537
7112 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2554
7114 "Returned if the I<perf_event_attr> I<size> value is too small (smaller than "
7115 "B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER0>), too big (larger than the page size), or larger than "
7116 "the kernel supports and the extra bytes are not zero. When B<E2BIG> is "
7117 "returned, the I<perf_event_attr> I<size> field is overwritten by the kernel "
7118 "to be the size of the structure it was expecting."
7122 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2568
7124 "Returned when the requested event requires B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> permissions (or "
7125 "a more permissive perf_event paranoid setting). Some common cases where an "
7126 "unprivileged process may encounter this error: attaching to a process owned "
7127 "by a different user; monitoring all processes on a given CPU (i.e., "
7128 "specifying the I<pid> argument as -1); and not setting I<exclude_kernel> "
7129 "when the paranoid setting requires it."
7133 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2568 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:121
7134 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:157 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:133
7140 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2578
7142 "Returned if the I<group_fd> file descriptor is not valid, or, if "
7143 "B<PERF_FLAG_PID_CGROUP> is set, the cgroup file descriptor in I<pid> is not "
7148 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2583
7149 msgid "Returned if the I<attr> pointer points at an invalid memory address."
7153 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2609
7155 "Returned if the specified event is invalid. There are many possible reasons "
7156 "for this. A not-exhaustive list: I<sample_freq> is higher than the maximum "
7157 "setting; the I<cpu> to monitor does not exist; I<read_format> is out of "
7158 "range; I<sample_type> is out of range; the I<flags> value is out of range; "
7159 "I<exclusive> or I<pinned> set and the event is not a group leader; the event "
7160 "I<config> values are out of range or set reserved bits; the generic event "
7161 "selected is not supported; or there is not enough room to add the selected "
7166 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2609
7172 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2615
7174 "Each opened event uses one file descriptor. If a large number of events are "
7175 "opened the per-user file descriptor limit (often 1024) will be hit and no "
7176 "more events can be created."
7180 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2619
7182 "Returned when the event involves a feature not supported by the current CPU."
7186 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2619 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:440
7192 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2626
7194 "Returned if the I<type> setting is not valid. This error is also returned "
7195 "for some unsupported generic events."
7199 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2626
7205 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2636
7207 "Prior to Linux 3.3, if there was not enough room for the event, B<ENOSPC> "
7208 "was returned. In Linux 3.3, this was changed to B<EINVAL>. B<ENOSPC> is "
7209 "still returned if you try to add more breakpoint events than supported by "
7214 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2643
7216 "Returned if B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> is set in I<sample_type> and it is not "
7217 "supported by hardware."
7221 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2650
7223 "Returned if an event requiring a specific hardware feature is requested but "
7224 "there is no hardware support. This includes requesting low-skid events if "
7225 "not supported, branch tracing if it is not available, sampling if no PMU "
7226 "interrupt is available, and branch stacks for software events."
7230 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2655
7232 "Returned on many (but not all) architectures when an unsupported "
7233 "I<exclude_hv>, I<exclude_idle>, I<exclude_user>, or I<exclude_kernel> "
7234 "setting is specified."
7238 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2663
7240 "It can also happen, as with B<EACCES>, when the requested event requires "
7241 "B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> permissions (or a more permissive perf_event paranoid "
7242 "setting). This includes setting a breakpoint on a kernel address, and "
7243 "(since Linux 3.13) setting a kernel function-trace tracepoint."
7247 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2666
7248 msgid "Returned if attempting to attach to a process that does not exist."
7252 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2666
7258 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2671
7260 "B<perf_event_open>() was introduced in Linux 2.6.31 but was called "
7261 "B<perf_counter_open>(). It was renamed in Linux 2.6.32."
7265 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2676
7267 "This B<perf_event_open>() system call Linux- specific and should not be "
7268 "used in programs intended to be portable."
7270 "B<perf_event_open>() システムコールは Linux 固有であり、 移植を意図したプログ"
7274 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2680
7276 "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using "
7277 "B<syscall>(2). See the example below."
7279 "glibc はこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数を提供していない。 "
7280 "B<syscall>(2) を使って呼び出すこと。 以下の例を参照。"
7283 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2686
7285 "The official way of knowing if B<perf_event_open>() support is enabled is "
7286 "checking for the existence of the file I</proc/sys/kernel/"
7287 "perf_event_paranoid>."
7291 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2686 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:134
7292 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2006
7298 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2693
7300 "The B<F_SETOWN_EX> option to B<fcntl>(2) is needed to properly get overflow "
7301 "signals in threads. This was introduced in Linux 2.6.32."
7305 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2701
7307 "Prior to Linux 2.6.33 (at least for x86), the kernel did not check if events "
7308 "could be scheduled together until read time. The same happens on all known "
7309 "kernels if the NMI watchdog is enabled. This means to see if a given set of "
7310 "events works you have to B<perf_event_open>(), start, then read before you "
7311 "know for sure you can get valid measurements."
7315 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2705
7317 "Prior to Linux 2.6.34, event constraints were not enforced by the kernel. "
7318 "In that case, some events would silently return \"0\" if the kernel "
7319 "scheduled them in an improper counter slot."
7323 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2708
7325 "Prior to Linux 2.6.34, there was a bug when multiplexing where the wrong "
7326 "results could be returned."
7330 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2711
7332 "Kernels from Linux 2.6.35 to Linux 2.6.39 can quickly crash the kernel if "
7333 "\"inherit\" is enabled and many threads are started."
7337 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2715
7339 "Prior to Linux 2.6.35, B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> did not work with attached "
7344 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2720
7346 "In older Linux 2.6 versions, refreshing an event group leader refreshed all "
7347 "siblings, and refreshing with a parameter of 0 enabled infinite refresh. "
7348 "This behavior is unsupported and should not be relied on."
7352 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2726
7354 "There is a bug in the kernel code between Linux 2.6.36 and Linux 3.0 that "
7355 "ignores the \"watermark\" field and acts as if a wakeup_event was chosen if "
7356 "the union has a nonzero value in it."
7360 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2732
7362 "From Linux 2.6.31 to Linux 3.4, the B<PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP> ioctl argument "
7363 "was broken and would repeatedly operate on the event specified rather than "
7364 "iterating across all sibling events in a group."
7368 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2743
7370 "From Linux 3.4 to Linux 3.11, the mmap I<cap_usr_rdpmc> and I<cap_usr_time> "
7371 "bits mapped to the same location. Code should migrate to the new "
7372 "I<cap_user_rdpmc> and I<cap_user_time> fields instead."
7376 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2748
7378 "Always double-check your results! Various generalized events have had wrong "
7379 "values. For example, retired branches measured the wrong thing on AMD "
7380 "machines until Linux 2.6.35."
7384 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2748 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:311
7385 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:237 build/C/man2/tee.2:136
7391 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2752
7393 "The following is a short example that measures the total instruction count "
7394 "of a call to B<printf>(3)."
7398 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2761
7401 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
7402 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
7403 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
7404 "#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
7405 "#include E<lt>sys/ioctl.hE<gt>\n"
7406 "#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>\n"
7407 "#include E<lt>asm/unistd.hE<gt>\n"
7409 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
7410 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
7411 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
7412 "#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
7413 "#include E<lt>sys/ioctl.hE<gt>\n"
7414 "#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>\n"
7415 "#include E<lt>asm/unistd.hE<gt>\n"
7418 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2767
7422 "perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *hw_event, pid_t pid,\n"
7423 " int cpu, int group_fd, unsigned long flags)\n"
7428 "perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *hw_event, pid_t pid,\n"
7429 " int cpu, int group_fd, unsigned long flags)\n"
7434 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2772
7437 " ret = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, hw_event, pid, cpu,\n"
7438 " group_fd, flags);\n"
7442 " ret = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, hw_event, pid, cpu,\n"
7443 " group_fd, flags);\n"
7448 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2779
7452 "main(int argc, char **argv)\n"
7454 " struct perf_event_attr pe;\n"
7455 " long long count;\n"
7459 "main(int argc, char **argv)\n"
7461 " struct perf_event_attr pe;\n"
7462 " long long count;\n"
7466 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2787
7469 " memset(&pe, 0, sizeof(struct perf_event_attr));\n"
7470 " pe.type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE;\n"
7471 " pe.size = sizeof(struct perf_event_attr);\n"
7472 " pe.config = PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS;\n"
7473 " pe.disabled = 1;\n"
7474 " pe.exclude_kernel = 1;\n"
7475 " pe.exclude_hv = 1;\n"
7477 " memset(&pe, 0, sizeof(struct perf_event_attr));\n"
7478 " pe.type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE;\n"
7479 " pe.size = sizeof(struct perf_event_attr);\n"
7480 " pe.config = PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS;\n"
7481 " pe.disabled = 1;\n"
7482 " pe.exclude_kernel = 1;\n"
7483 " pe.exclude_hv = 1;\n"
7486 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2793
7489 " fd = perf_event_open(&pe, 0, -1, -1, 0);\n"
7490 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
7491 " fprintf(stderr, \"Error opening leader %llx\\en\", pe.config);\n"
7492 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
7495 " fd = perf_event_open(&pe, 0, -1, -1, 0);\n"
7496 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
7497 " fprintf(stderr, \"Error opening leader %llx\\en\", pe.config);\n"
7498 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
7502 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2796
7505 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET, 0);\n"
7506 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0);\n"
7508 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET, 0);\n"
7509 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0);\n"
7512 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2798
7514 msgid " printf(\"Measuring instruction count for this printf\\en\");\n"
7515 msgstr " printf(\"Measuring instruction count for this printf\\en\");\n"
7518 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2801
7521 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE, 0);\n"
7522 " read(fd, &count, sizeof(long long));\n"
7524 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE, 0);\n"
7525 " read(fd, &count, sizeof(long long));\n"
7528 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2803
7530 msgid " printf(\"Used %lld instructions\\en\", count);\n"
7531 msgstr " printf(\"Used %lld instructions\\en\", count);\n"
7534 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2806
7544 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2812
7545 msgid "B<fcntl>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<read>(2)"
7546 msgstr "B<fcntl>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<read>(2)"
7549 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27
7555 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27
7561 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:30
7562 msgid "perfmonctl - interface to IA-64 performance monitoring unit"
7566 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:34
7569 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
7570 "B<#include E<lt>perfmon.hE<gt>>\n"
7572 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
7573 "B<#include E<lt>perfmon.hE<gt>>\n"
7576 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:36
7578 msgid "B<long perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, int >I<cmd>B<, void *>I<arg>B<, int >I<narg>B<);>\n"
7579 msgstr "B<long perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, int >I<cmd>B<, void *>I<arg>B<, int >I<narg>B<);>\n"
7582 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:47
7584 "The IA-64-specific B<perfmonctl>() system call provides an interface to the "
7585 "PMU (performance monitoring unit). The PMU consists of PMD (performance "
7586 "monitoring data) registers and PMC (performance monitoring control) "
7587 "registers, which gather hardware statistics."
7591 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:57
7593 "B<perfmonctl>() applies the operation I<cmd> to the input arguments "
7594 "specified by I<arg>. The number of arguments is defined by I<narg>. The "
7595 "I<fd> argument specifies the perfmon context to operate on."
7599 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:61
7600 msgid "Supported values for I<cmd> are:"
7604 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:61
7606 msgid "B<PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT>"
7607 msgstr "B<PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT>"
7610 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:65
7612 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT, pfarg_context_t *>I<ctxt>B<, 1);>\n"
7616 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:67
7617 msgid "Set up a context."
7621 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:74
7623 "The I<fd> parameter is ignored. A new perfmon context is created as "
7624 "specified in I<ctxt> and its file descriptor is returned in I<ctxt-"
7629 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:86
7631 "The file descriptor can be used in subsequent calls to B<perfmonctl>() and "
7632 "can be used to read event notifications (type I<pfm_msg_t>) using "
7633 "B<read>(2). The file descriptor is pollable using B<select>(2), B<poll>(2), "
7638 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:90
7640 "The context can be destroyed by calling B<close>(2) on the file descriptor."
7644 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:90
7646 msgid "B<PFM_WRITE_PMCS>"
7647 msgstr "B<PFM_WRITE_PMCS>"
7650 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:95
7652 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_WRITE_PMCS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmcs>B<, n);>\n"
7653 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_WRITE_PMCS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmcs>B<, n);>\n"
7656 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:97
7657 msgid "Set PMC registers."
7661 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:97
7663 msgid "B<PFM_WRITE_PMDS>"
7664 msgstr "B<PFM_WRITE_PMDS>"
7667 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:101
7669 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_WRITE_PMDS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmds>B<, n);>\n"
7670 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_WRITE_PMDS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmds>B<, n);>\n"
7674 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:104
7675 msgid "Set PMD registers."
7679 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:104
7681 msgid "B<PFM_READ_PMDS>"
7682 msgstr "B<PFM_READ_PMDS>"
7685 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:109
7687 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_READ_PMDS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmds>B<, n);>\n"
7688 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_READ_PMDS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmds>B<, n);>\n"
7691 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:111
7692 msgid "Read PMD registers."
7696 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:111
7698 msgid "B<PFM_START>"
7699 msgstr "B<PFM_START>"
7701 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_START, arg, 1);
7703 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:117
7705 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_START, NULL, 0);>\n"
7706 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_START, NULL, 0);>\n"
7709 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:119
7710 msgid "Start monitoring."
7714 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:119
7717 msgstr "B<PFM_STOP>"
7720 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:124
7722 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_STOP, NULL, 0);>\n"
7723 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_STOP, NULL, 0);>\n"
7726 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:126
7727 msgid "Stop monitoring."
7731 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:126
7733 msgid "B<PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT>"
7734 msgstr "B<PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT>"
7737 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:131
7739 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT, pfarg_load_t *>I<largs>B<, 1);>\n"
7740 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT, pfarg_load_t *>I<largs>B<, 1);>\n"
7743 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:133
7744 msgid "Attach the context to a thread."
7748 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:133
7750 msgid "B<PFM_UNLOAD_CONTEXT>"
7751 msgstr "B<PFM_UNLOAD_CONTEXT>"
7754 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:138
7756 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_UNLOAD_CONTEXT, NULL, 0);>\n"
7757 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_UNLOAD_CONTEXT, NULL, 0);>\n"
7760 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:140
7761 msgid "Detach the context from a thread."
7765 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:140
7767 msgid "B<PFM_RESTART>"
7768 msgstr "B<PFM_RESTART>"
7771 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:145
7773 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_RESTART, NULL, 0);>\n"
7774 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_RESTART, NULL, 0);>\n"
7777 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:147
7778 msgid "Restart monitoring after receiving an overflow notification."
7782 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:147
7784 msgid "B<PFM_GET_FEATURES>"
7785 msgstr "B<PFM_GET_FEATURES>"
7788 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:152
7790 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_GET_FEARURES, pfarg_features_t *>I<arg>B<, 1);>\n"
7791 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_GET_FEARURES, pfarg_features_t *>I<arg>B<, 1);>\n"
7794 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:153
7796 msgid "B<PFM_DEBUG>"
7797 msgstr "B<PFM_DEBUG>"
7800 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:158
7802 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_DEBUG, >I<val>B<, 0);>\n"
7803 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_DEBUG, >I<val>B<, 0);>\n"
7806 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:162
7807 msgid "If I<val> is nonzero, enable debugging mode, otherwise disable."
7811 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:162
7813 msgid "B<PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL>"
7814 msgstr "B<PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL>"
7817 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:167
7819 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL, pfarg_reg_t * >I<req>B<, n);>\n"
7820 msgstr "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL, pfarg_reg_t * >I<req>B<, n);>\n"
7826 #. .B PFM_CREATE_EVTSETS
7827 #. create or modify event sets
7829 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_CREATE_EVTSETS, pfarg_setdesc_t *desc , n);
7832 #. .B PFM_DELETE_EVTSETS
7833 #. delete event sets
7835 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_DELETE_EVTSET, pfarg_setdesc_t *desc , n);
7838 #. .B PFM_GETINFO_EVTSETS
7839 #. get information about event sets
7841 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_GETINFO_EVTSETS, pfarg_setinfo_t *info, n);
7844 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:190
7845 msgid "Reset PMC registers to default values."
7849 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:196
7851 "B<perfmonctl>() returns zero when the operation is successful. On error, "
7852 "-1 is returned and I<errno> is set to indicate the cause of the error."
7856 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:199
7857 msgid "B<perfmonctl>() is available since Linux 2.4."
7861 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:202
7863 "B<perfmonctl>() is Linux-specific and is available only on the IA-64 "
7868 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:207
7870 msgstr "B<gprof>(1)"
7873 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:208
7874 msgid "The perfmon2 interface specification"
7878 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:32
7881 msgstr "PERSONALITY"
7884 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:32
7890 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:35
7891 msgid "personality - set the process execution domain"
7892 msgstr "personality - プロセスを実行するドメインを設定する"
7895 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:37
7896 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/personality.hE<gt>>"
7897 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/personality.hE<gt>>"
7900 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:39
7901 msgid "B<int personality(unsigned long >I<persona>B<);>"
7902 msgstr "B<int personality(unsigned long >I<persona>B<);>"
7905 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:47
7907 "Linux supports different execution domains, or personalities, for each "
7908 "process. Among other things, execution domains tell Linux how to map signal "
7909 "numbers into signal actions. The execution domain system allows Linux to "
7910 "provide limited support for binaries compiled under other UNIX-like "
7911 "operating systems."
7913 "Linux は、プロセス毎の異なる実行ドメイン、すなわち パーソナリティ "
7914 "(personality) をサポートしている。 実行ドメインは Linux にシグナル番号にどの"
7915 "シグナルを割り付けるかを 教えたりする。また、実行ドメイン・システムにより、 "
7916 "Linux は、 他の UNIX 風のオペレーティングシステムでコンパイルされたバイナリに"
7917 "対する限定的なサポートを提供している。"
7920 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:59
7922 "If I<persona> is not 0xffffffff, then B<personality>() sets the caller's "
7923 "execution domain to the value specified by I<persona>. Specifying "
7924 "I<persona> as 0xffffffff provides a way of retrieving the current persona "
7925 "without changing it."
7927 "I<persona> が 0xffffffff 以外の場合、 B<personality>() は呼び出し元の実行ドメ"
7928 "インを I<persona> で指定された値に設定する。 I<persona> に 0xffffffff を指定"
7929 "すると、変更を行わず、現在の persona 値を取得できる。"
7932 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:62
7934 "A list of the available execution domains can be found in I<E<lt>sys/"
7935 "personality.hE<gt>>."
7937 "利用可能な実行ドメインのリストは I<E<lt>sys/personality.hE<gt>> にある。"
7940 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:69
7942 "On success, the previous I<persona> is returned. On error, -1 is returned, "
7943 "and I<errno> is set appropriately."
7945 "成功した場合、以前の I<persona> が返される。エラーの場合は、-1 が返され、 "
7946 "I<errno> が適切に設定される。"
7949 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:73
7950 msgid "The kernel was unable to change the personality."
7951 msgstr "カーネルがパーソナリティを変更できなかった。"
7954 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:76
7956 "B<personality>() is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs "
7957 "intended to be portable."
7959 "B<personality>() は Linux 固有であり、移植を意図したプログラムで使用すべきで"
7963 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
7969 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:13
7970 msgid "pivot_root - change the root filesystem"
7971 msgstr "pivot_root - root ファイルシステムを変更する"
7974 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:15
7976 "B<int pivot_root(const char *>I<new_root>B<, const char *>I<put_old>B<);>"
7978 "B<int pivot_root(const char *>I<new_root>B<, const char *>I<put_old>B<);>"
7982 #. capability is required.
7984 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:27
7986 "B<pivot_root>() moves the root filesystem of the calling process to the "
7987 "directory I<put_old> and makes I<new_root> the new root filesystem of the "
7990 "B<pivot_root>() は呼び出し元のプロセスの root ファイルシステムを I<put_old> "
7991 "ディレクトリに移動し、 I<new_root> を呼び出し元のプロセスの新しい root ファイ"
7995 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:34
7997 "The typical use of B<pivot_root>() is during system startup, when the "
7998 "system mounts a temporary root filesystem (e.g., an B<initrd>), then mounts "
7999 "the real root filesystem, and eventually turns the latter into the current "
8000 "root of all relevant processes or threads."
8002 "B<pivot_root>() の典型的な利用法は、システムの起動中にシステムが一時的な "
8003 "root ファイルシステム (例えば B<initrd>) をマウントし、これに続いて本当の "
8004 "root ファイルシステムをマウントし、 後者を必要な全てのプロセス・スレッドの カ"
8005 "レント root に変更するような場合である。"
8008 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:46
8010 "B<pivot_root>() may or may not change the current root and the current "
8011 "working directory of any processes or threads which use the old root "
8012 "directory. The caller of B<pivot_root>() must ensure that processes with "
8013 "root or current working directory at the old root operate correctly in "
8014 "either case. An easy way to ensure this is to change their root and current "
8015 "working directory to I<new_root> before invoking B<pivot_root>()."
8017 "古い root ディレクトリを使っていた全てのプロセスやスレッドの カレント root と"
8018 "カレントワーキングディレクトリを、 B<pivot_root>() が変更するかどうかはわか"
8019 "らない。 B<pivot_root>() の呼びだしプロセスは、古い root やカレントワーキン"
8020 "グディレクトリを使っていた プロセスが、いずれの場合でも正しく動作することを保"
8021 "証しなければならない。 これを簡単に行うには、それらのプロセスの root と カレ"
8022 "ントワーキングディレクトリを B<pivot_root>() を呼び出す前に I<new_root> に変"
8026 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:64
8028 "The paragraph above is intentionally vague because the implementation of "
8029 "B<pivot_root>() may change in the future. At the time of writing, "
8030 "B<pivot_root>() changes root and current working directory of each process "
8031 "or thread to I<new_root> if they point to the old root directory. This is "
8032 "necessary in order to prevent kernel threads from keeping the old root "
8033 "directory busy with their root and current working directory, even if they "
8034 "never access the filesystem in any way. In the future, there may be a "
8035 "mechanism for kernel threads to explicitly relinquish any access to the "
8036 "filesystem, such that this fairly intrusive mechanism can be removed from "
8039 "上記の段落は、将来 B<pivot_root>() が変更されるかも知れないことを鑑みて、わ"
8040 "ざと曖昧に書いてある。 本ページを記述している時点では、 B<pivot_root>() は古"
8041 "い root ディレクトリを用いている全てのプロセス・スレッドの root と カレント"
8042 "ワーキングディレクトリを I<new_root> に変更する。これはカーネルのスレッドが古"
8043 "い root ディレクトリを busy 状態にしないために必要である。これらのスレッドが "
8044 "古いディレクトリを root やカレントワーキングディレクトリとしていると、 ファイ"
8045 "ルシステムに一切アクセスしない場合でも 古い root が busy になってしまうからで"
8046 "ある。 将来は、カーネルスレッドがあらゆるファイルシステムへのアクセスを 明示"
8047 "的に放棄するメカニズムができ、このでしゃばりな機能は B<pivot_root>() から削"
8051 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:72
8053 "Note that this also applies to the calling process: B<pivot_root>() may or "
8054 "may not affect its current working directory. It is therefore recommended "
8055 "to call B<chdir(\"/\")> immediately after B<pivot_root>()."
8057 "これは呼び出し元のプロセスについても当てはまることに注意。 B<pivot_root>() "
8058 "がカレントプロセスのカレントワーキングディレクトリに影響するかどうかは 分から"
8059 "ない。したがって B<pivot_root>() の直後に B<chdir(\"/\")> を呼び出すとよい。"
8062 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:74
8063 msgid "The following restrictions apply to I<new_root> and I<put_old>:"
8064 msgstr "I<new_root> および I<put_old> には以下の制限がある:"
8067 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:74 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:76
8068 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:79 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:83
8074 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:76
8075 msgid "They must be directories."
8076 msgstr "ディレクトリでなければならない。"
8079 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:79
8081 "I<new_root> and I<put_old> must not be on the same filesystem as the current "
8084 "I<new_root> と I<put_old> は現在の root と同じファイルシステムにあってはなら"
8088 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:83
8090 "I<put_old> must be underneath I<new_root>, that is, adding a nonzero number "
8091 "of I</..> to the string pointed to by I<put_old> must yield the same "
8092 "directory as I<new_root>."
8094 "I<put_old> は I<new_root> 以下になければならない。すなわち I<put_old> を差す"
8095 "文字列に 1 個以上の I<../> を付けることによって I<new_root> と同じディレクト"
8099 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:85
8100 msgid "No other filesystem may be mounted on I<put_old>."
8101 msgstr "他のファイルシステムが I<put_old> にマウントされていてはならない。"
8104 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:89
8105 msgid "See also B<pivot_root>(8) for additional usage examples."
8106 msgstr "利用例については B<pivot_root>(8) を参照のこと。"
8109 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:96
8111 "If the current root is not a mount point (e.g., after B<chroot>(2) or "
8112 "B<pivot_root>(), see also below), not the old root directory, but the mount "
8113 "point of that filesystem is mounted on I<put_old>."
8115 "現在の root がマウントポイントではない (B<chroot>(2) や B<pivot_root>() の"
8116 "後など。以下も参照) 場合、 古い root ディレクトリではなく、 そのファイルシス"
8117 "テムのマウントポイントが I<put_old> にマウントされる。"
8120 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:101
8122 "I<new_root> does not have to be a mount point. In this case, I</proc/"
8123 "mounts> will show the mount point of the filesystem containing I<new_root> "
8126 "I<new_root> はマウントポイントでなくてもよい。 この場合 I</proc/mounts> は、 "
8127 "I<new_root> を root (I</>) とするファイルシステムのマウントポイントを表示す"
8131 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:110
8133 "B<pivot_root>() may return (in I<errno>) any of the errors returned by "
8134 "B<stat>(2). Additionally, it may return:"
8136 "B<pivot_root>() は B<stat>(2) の返すあらゆるエラーを (I<errno> に) 返す可能"
8137 "性がある。さらに以下を返すことがある:"
8140 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:114
8142 "I<new_root> or I<put_old> are on the current root filesystem, or a "
8143 "filesystem is already mounted on I<put_old>."
8145 "I<new_root> または I<put_old> が、現在の root ファイルシステム上にあるか、既"
8146 "に I<put_old> になんらかのファイルシステムがマウントされている。"
8149 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:117
8150 msgid "I<put_old> is not underneath I<new_root>."
8151 msgstr "I<put_old> が I<new_root> の下層にない。"
8154 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:117
8160 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:120
8161 msgid "I<new_root> or I<put_old> is not a directory."
8162 msgstr "I<new_root> または I<put_old> がディレクトリでない。"
8165 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:125
8166 msgid "The calling process does not have the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability."
8167 msgstr "呼び出し元のプロセスが B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> ケーパビリティを持っていない。"
8170 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:128
8171 msgid "B<pivot_root>() was introduced in Linux 2.3.41."
8172 msgstr "B<pivot_root>() は Linux 2.3.41 で導入された。"
8175 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:131
8176 msgid "B<pivot_root>() is Linux-specific and hence is not portable."
8177 msgstr "B<pivot_root>() は Linux に固有のものなので、移植性はない。"
8180 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:138
8182 "B<pivot_root>() should not have to change root and current working "
8183 "directory of all other processes in the system."
8185 "B<pivot_root>() はシステムの他のプロセス全ての root と カレントワーキング"
8186 "ディレクトリとを変更しなくてもよいはずである。"
8189 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:143
8191 "Some of the more obscure uses of B<pivot_root>() may quickly lead to "
8194 "B<pivot_root>() の使い方がもうちょっと曖昧になると、 あっという間にわけのわ"
8198 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:148
8199 msgid "B<chdir>(2), B<chroot>(2), B<stat>(2), B<initrd>(4), B<pivot_root>(8)"
8200 msgstr "B<chdir>(2), B<chroot>(2), B<stat>(2), B<initrd>(4), B<pivot_root>(8)"
8203 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29
8205 msgid "PROCESS_VM_READV"
8206 msgstr "PROCESS_VM_READV"
8209 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:32
8211 "process_vm_readv, process_vm_writev - transfer data between process address "
8214 "process_vm_readv, process_vm_writev - プロセスのアドレス空間間でデータを転送"
8218 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:35
8220 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
8221 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
8224 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:42
8227 "B<ssize_t process_vm_readv(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
8228 "B< const struct iovec *>I<local_iov>B<,>\n"
8229 "B< unsigned long >I<liovcnt>B<,>\n"
8230 "B< const struct iovec *>I<remote_iov>B<,>\n"
8231 "B< unsigned long >I<riovcnt>B<,>\n"
8232 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
8234 "B<ssize_t process_vm_readv(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
8235 "B< const struct iovec *>I<local_iov>B<,>\n"
8236 "B< unsigned long >I<liovcnt>B<,>\n"
8237 "B< const struct iovec *>I<remote_iov>B<,>\n"
8238 "B< unsigned long >I<riovcnt>B<,>\n"
8239 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
8242 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:49
8245 "B<ssize_t process_vm_writev(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
8246 "B< const struct iovec *>I<local_iov>B<,>\n"
8247 "B< unsigned long >I<liovcnt>B<,>\n"
8248 "B< const struct iovec *>I<remote_iov>B<,>\n"
8249 "B< unsigned long >I<riovcnt>B<,>\n"
8250 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
8252 "B<ssize_t process_vm_writev(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
8253 "B< const struct iovec *>I<local_iov>B<,>\n"
8254 "B< unsigned long >I<liovcnt>B<,>\n"
8255 "B< const struct iovec *>I<remote_iov>B<,>\n"
8256 "B< unsigned long >I<riovcnt>B<,>\n"
8257 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
8260 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:54
8262 "Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see B<feature_test_macros>(7)):"
8266 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:58
8267 msgid "B<process_vm_readv>(), B<process_vm_writev>():"
8268 msgstr "B<process_vm_readv>(), B<process_vm_writev>():"
8271 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:62
8272 msgid "B<_GNU_SOURCE>"
8273 msgstr "B<_GNU_SOURCE>"
8276 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:73
8278 "These system calls transfer data between the address space of the calling "
8279 "process (\"the local process\") and the process identified by I<pid> (\"the "
8280 "remote process\"). The data moves directly between the address spaces of "
8281 "the two processes, without passing through kernel space."
8285 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:98
8287 "The B<process_vm_readv>() system call transfers data from the remote "
8288 "process to the local process. The data to be transferred is identified by "
8289 "I<remote_iov> and I<riovcnt>: I<remote_iov> is a pointer to an array "
8290 "describing address ranges in the process I<pid>, and I<riovcnt> specifies "
8291 "the number of elements in I<remote_iov>. The data is transferred to the "
8292 "locations specified by I<local_iov> and I<liovcnt>: I<local_iov> is a "
8293 "pointer to an array describing address ranges in the calling process, and "
8294 "I<liovcnt> specifies the number of elements in I<local_iov>."
8298 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:112
8300 "The B<process_vm_writev>() system call is the converse of "
8301 "B<process_vm_readv>()\\(emit transfers data from the local process to the "
8302 "remote process. Other than the direction of the transfer, the arguments "
8303 "I<liovcnt>, I<local_iov>, I<riovcnt>, and I<remote_iov> have the same "
8304 "meaning as for B<process_vm_readv>()."
8308 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:122
8310 "The I<local_iov> and I<remote_iov> arguments point to an array of I<iovec> "
8311 "structures, defined in I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>> as:"
8313 "引き数 I<local_iov> と I<remote_iov> は I<iovec> 構造体の配列へのポイン\n"
8314 "タである。 I<iovec> 構造体は I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>> で以下のように定義\n"
8318 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:129
8322 " void *iov_base; /* Starting address */\n"
8323 " size_t iov_len; /* Number of bytes to transfer */\n"
8327 " void *iov_base; /* Starting address */\n"
8328 " size_t iov_len; /* Number of bytes to transfer */\n"
8332 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:145
8334 "Buffers are processed in array order. This means that "
8335 "B<process_vm_readv>() completely fills I<local_iov[0]> before proceeding to "
8336 "I<local_iov[1]>, and so on. Likewise, I<remote_iov[0]> is completely read "
8337 "before proceeding to I<remote_iov[1]>, and so on."
8339 "バッファは配列の順序で処理される。これは、 B<process_vm_readv>() が\n"
8340 "I<local_iov>[0] が完全に一杯になるまでデータを詰めてから、\n"
8341 "I<local_iov>[1] に進むといったことを意味する。同様に、\n"
8342 "I<remote_iov>[0] を完全に読み出してから I<remote_iov>[1] に進み、\n"
8346 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:156
8348 "Similarly, B<process_vm_writev>() writes out the entire contents of "
8349 "I<local_iov[0]> before proceeding to I<local_iov[1]>, and it completely "
8350 "fills I<remote_iov[0]> before proceeding to I<remote_iov[1]>."
8354 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:164
8356 "The lengths of I<remote_iov[i].iov_len> and I<local_iov[i].iov_len> do not "
8357 "have to be the same. Thus, it is possible to split a single local buffer "
8358 "into multiple remote buffers, or vice versa."
8362 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:168
8363 msgid "The I<flags> argument is currently unused and must be set to 0."
8364 msgstr "I<flags> 引き数は現在使用されておらず、 0 を設定しなければならない。"
8366 #. In time, glibc might provide a wrapper that works around this limit,
8367 #. as is done for readv()/writev()
8369 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:181
8371 "The values specified in the I<liovcnt> and I<riovcnt> arguments must be less "
8372 "than or equal to B<IOV_MAX> (defined in I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>> or accessible "
8373 "via the call I<sysconf(_SC_IOV_MAX)>)."
8377 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:191
8379 "The count arguments and I<local_iov> are checked before doing any "
8380 "transfers. If the counts are too big, or I<local_iov> is invalid, or the "
8381 "addresses refer to regions that are inaccessible to the local process, none "
8382 "of the vectors will be processed and an error will be returned immediately."
8386 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:211
8388 "Note, however, that these system calls do not check the memory regions in "
8389 "the remote process until just before doing the read/write. Consequently, a "
8390 "partial read/write (see RETURN VALUE) may result if one of the "
8391 "I<remote_iov> elements points to an invalid memory region in the remote "
8392 "process. No further reads/writes will be attempted beyond that point. Keep "
8393 "this in mind when attempting to read data of unknown length (such as C "
8394 "strings that are null-terminated) from a remote process, by avoiding "
8395 "spanning memory pages (typically 4KiB) in a single remote I<iovec> element. "
8396 "(Instead, split the remote read into two I<remote_iov> elements and have "
8397 "them merge back into a single write I<local_iov> entry. The first read "
8398 "entry goes up to the page boundary, while the second starts on the next page "
8403 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:225
8405 "In order to read from or write to another process, either the caller must "
8406 "have the capability B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>, or the real user ID, effective user "
8407 "ID, and saved set-user-ID of the remote process must match the real user ID "
8408 "of the caller I<and> the real group ID, effective group ID, and saved set-"
8409 "group-ID of the remote process must match the real group ID of the caller. "
8410 "(The permission required is exactly the same as that required to perform a "
8411 "B<ptrace>(2) B<PTRACE_ATTACH> on the remote process.)"
8415 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:241
8417 "On success, B<process_vm_readv>() returns the number of bytes read and "
8418 "B<process_vm_writev>() returns the number of bytes written. This return "
8419 "value may be less than the total number of requested bytes, if a partial "
8420 "read/write occurred. (Partial transfers apply at the granularity of "
8421 "I<iovec> elements. These system calls won't perform a partial transfer that "
8422 "splits a single I<iovec> element.) The caller should check the return value "
8423 "to determine whether a partial read/write occurred."
8427 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:245
8428 msgid "On error, -1 is returned and I<errno> is set appropriately."
8429 msgstr "エラーの場合は -1 が返され、 I<errno> が適切に設定される。"
8432 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:257
8434 "The sum of the I<iov_len> values of either I<local_iov> or I<remote_iov> "
8435 "overflows a I<ssize_t> value."
8439 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:261
8440 msgid "I<flags> is not 0."
8441 msgstr "I<flags> が 0 でない。"
8444 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:267
8445 msgid "I<liovcnt> or I<riovcnt> is too large."
8446 msgstr "I<liovcnt> か I<riovcnt> が大きすぎる。"
8449 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:272
8451 "The memory described by I<local_iov> is outside the caller's accessible "
8454 "I<local_iov> が示すメモリが呼び出し側がアクセス可能な\n"
8458 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:278
8460 "The memory described by I<remote_iov> is outside the accessible address "
8461 "space of the process I<pid>."
8465 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:283
8467 "Could not allocate memory for internal copies of the I<iovec> structures."
8471 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:287
8473 "The caller does not have permission to access the address space of the "
8476 "呼び出し側がプロセス I<pid> のアドレス空間に対するアクセス許可を\n"
8480 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:292
8481 msgid "No process with ID I<pid> exists."
8482 msgstr "ID が I<pid> のプロセスが存在しない。"
8485 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:295
8487 "These system calls were added in Linux 3.2. Support is provided in glibc "
8488 "since version 2.15."
8490 "これらのシステムコールは Linux 3.2 で追加された。ライブラリによる\n"
8491 "サポートは glibc バージョン 2.15 以降で提供されている。"
8494 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:297
8495 msgid "These system calls are nonstandard Linux extensions."
8496 msgstr "これらのシステムコールは非標準で Linux による拡張である。"
8499 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:303
8501 "The data transfers performed by B<process_vm_readv>() and "
8502 "B<process_vm_writev>() are not guaranteed to be atomic in any way."
8505 #. Original user is MPI, http://www.mcs.anl.gov/research/projects/mpi/
8506 #. See also some benchmarks at http://lwn.net/Articles/405284/
8507 #. and http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=130105930902915&w=2
8509 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:311
8511 "These system calls were designed to permit fast message passing by allowing "
8512 "messages to be exchanged with a single copy operation (rather than the "
8513 "double copy that would be required when using, for example, shared memory or "
8518 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:319
8520 "The following code sample demonstrates the use of B<process_vm_readv>(). It "
8521 "reads 20 bytes at the address 0x10000 from the process with PID 10 and "
8522 "writes the first 10 bytes into I<buf1> and the second 10 bytes into I<buf2>."
8526 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:322
8528 msgid "#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>\n"
8529 msgstr "#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>\n"
8532 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:332
8538 " struct iovec local[2];\n"
8539 " struct iovec remote[1];\n"
8543 " pid_t pid = 10; /* PID of remote process */\n"
8548 " struct iovec local[2];\n"
8549 " struct iovec remote[1];\n"
8553 " pid_t pid = 10; /* PID of remote process */\n"
8556 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:339
8559 " local[0].iov_base = buf1;\n"
8560 " local[0].iov_len = 10;\n"
8561 " local[1].iov_base = buf2;\n"
8562 " local[1].iov_len = 10;\n"
8563 " remote[0].iov_base = (void *) 0x10000;\n"
8564 " remote[0].iov_len = 20;\n"
8566 " local[0].iov_base = buf1;\n"
8567 " local[0].iov_len = 10;\n"
8568 " local[1].iov_base = buf2;\n"
8569 " local[1].iov_len = 10;\n"
8570 " remote[0].iov_base = (void *) 0x10000;\n"
8571 " remote[0].iov_len = 20;\n"
8574 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:346
8577 " nread = process_vm_readv(pid, local, 2, remote, 1, 0);\n"
8578 " if (nread != 20)\n"
8584 " nread = process_vm_readv(pid, local, 2, remote, 1, 0);\n"
8585 " if (nread != 20)\n"
8592 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:349
8593 msgid "B<readv>(2), B<writev>(2)"
8594 msgstr "B<readv>(2), B<writev>(2)"
8597 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:46
8603 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:49
8604 msgid "ptrace - process trace"
8605 msgstr "ptrace - プロセスのトレース"
8608 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:52
8610 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/ptrace.hE<gt>>\n"
8611 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/ptrace.hE<gt>>\n"
8614 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:55
8617 "B<long ptrace(enum __ptrace_request >I<request>B<, pid_t >I<pid>B<, >\n"
8618 "B< void *>I<addr>B<, void *>I<data>B<);>\n"
8620 "B<long ptrace(enum __ptrace_request >I<request>B<, pid_t >I<pid>B<, >\n"
8621 "B< void *>I<addr>B<, void *>I<data>B<);>\n"
8624 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:64
8627 #| "The B<ptrace>() system call provides a means by which a parent process "
8628 #| "may observe and control the execution of another process, and examine and "
8629 #| "change its core image and registers. It is primarily used to implement "
8630 #| "breakpoint debugging and system call tracing."
8632 "The B<ptrace>() system call provides a means by which one process (the "
8633 "\"tracer\") may observe and control the execution of another process (the "
8634 "\"tracee\"), and examine and change the tracee's memory and registers. It "
8635 "is primarily used to implement breakpoint debugging and system call tracing."
8637 "B<ptrace>() システムコールは、親プロセスが、別のプロセスの実行の監視/制御を "
8638 "行ったり、コアイメージ (core image) やレジスタの調査/変更を 行ったりする手段"
8639 "を提供する。 B<ptrace>() は、主にブレークポイントによるデバッグやシステム"
8640 "コールのトレースを 実装するのに用いられる。"
8643 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:75
8645 "A tracee first needs to be attached to the tracer. Attachment and "
8646 "subsequent commands are per thread: in a multithreaded process, every thread "
8647 "can be individually attached to a (potentially different) tracer, or left "
8648 "not attached and thus not debugged. Therefore, \"tracee\" always means "
8649 "\"(one) thread\", never \"a (possibly multithreaded) process\". Ptrace "
8650 "commands are always sent to a specific tracee using a call of the form"
8654 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:77
8656 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_foo, pid, ...)\n"
8657 msgstr " ptrace(PTRACE_foo, pid, ...)\n"
8660 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:81
8661 msgid "where I<pid> is the thread ID of the corresponding Linux thread."
8662 msgstr "ここで I<pid> は対応する Linux スレッドのスレッド ID である。"
8665 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:87
8667 "(Note that in this page, a \"multithreaded process\" means a thread group "
8668 "consisting of threads created using the B<clone>(2) B<CLONE_THREAD> flag.)"
8672 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:98
8675 #| "The parent can initiate a trace by calling B<fork>(2) and having the "
8676 #| "resulting child do a B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, followed (typically) by an "
8677 #| "B<exec>(3). Alternatively, the parent may commence trace of an existing "
8678 #| "process using B<PTRACE_ATTACH>."
8680 "A process can initiate a trace by calling B<fork>(2) and having the "
8681 "resulting child do a B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, followed (typically) by an "
8682 "B<execve>(2). Alternatively, one process may commence tracing another "
8683 "process using B<PTRACE_ATTACH> or B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
8685 "トレースを開始するには、まず親プロセスで B<fork>(2) を呼び出す。生成された子"
8686 "プロセスで B<PTRACE_TRACEME> を行い、続いて (典型的には) B<exec>(3) を行な"
8687 "う。 別の方法としては、 親プロセスが既存のプロセスに対して B<PTRACE_ATTACH> "
8691 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:115
8694 #| "While being traced, the child will stop each time a signal is delivered, "
8695 #| "even if the signal is being ignored. (The exception is B<SIGKILL>, which "
8696 #| "has its usual effect.) The parent will be notified at its next "
8697 #| "B<wait>(2) and may inspect and modify the child process while it is "
8698 #| "stopped. The parent then causes the child to continue, optionally "
8699 #| "ignoring the delivered signal (or even delivering a different signal "
8702 "While being traced, the tracee will stop each time a signal is delivered, "
8703 "even if the signal is being ignored. (An exception is B<SIGKILL>, which has "
8704 "its usual effect.) The tracer will be notified at its next call to "
8705 "B<waitpid>(2) (or one of the related \"wait\" system calls); that call will "
8706 "return a I<status> value containing information that indicates the cause of "
8707 "the stop in the tracee. While the tracee is stopped, the tracer can use "
8708 "various ptrace requests to inspect and modify the tracee. The tracer then "
8709 "causes the tracee to continue, optionally ignoring the delivered signal (or "
8710 "even delivering a different signal instead)."
8712 "トレースの実行中、子プロセスはシグナルが配送されるたびに、 たとえそのシグナル"
8713 "が無視すべきものであっても停止する (B<SIGKILL> は例外で、通常どおりの効果をも"
8714 "たらす)。 親プロセスには次の B<wait>(2) で通知され、停止している間に子プロセ"
8715 "スを調べたり修正したりすることができる。 そして親プロセスは子プロセスの実行を"
8716 "再開させるが、配送された シグナルを無視することもできる (あるいは代わりに別の"
8717 "シグナルを 配送することもできる) 。"
8720 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:125
8722 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is not in effect, all successful calls "
8723 "to B<execve>(2) by the traced process will cause it to be sent a B<SIGTRAP> "
8724 "signal, giving the parent a chance to gain control before the new program "
8729 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:129
8732 #| "When the parent is finished tracing, it can terminate the child with "
8733 #| "B<PTRACE_KILL> or cause it to continue executing in a normal, untraced "
8734 #| "mode via B<PTRACE_DETACH>."
8736 "When the tracer is finished tracing, it can cause the tracee to continue "
8737 "executing in a normal, untraced mode via B<PTRACE_DETACH>."
8739 "親プロセスがトレースを終了する際には、 B<PTRACE_KILL> を使用して子プロセスを"
8740 "終了させることもできるし、 B<PTRACE_DETACH> を用いて通常のトレースなしのモー"
8741 "ドにして、 実行を継続させることもできる。"
8744 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:133
8745 msgid "The value of I<request> determines the action to be performed:"
8746 msgstr "I<request> の値がこのシステムコールの動作を決定する:"
8749 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:133
8751 msgid "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>"
8752 msgstr "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>"
8755 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:143
8757 "Indicate that this process is to be traced by its parent. A process "
8758 "probably shouldn't make this request if its parent isn't expecting to trace "
8759 "it. (I<pid>, I<addr>, and I<data> are ignored.)"
8761 "このプロセスが親プロセスによってトレースされることを表す。親プロセスが自プロ"
8762 "セスをトレースするつもりがない場合には、 おそらくこのプロセスは本要求を行うべ"
8763 "きではないだろう。 (I<pid>, I<addr>, I<data> は無視される。)"
8766 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:158
8769 #| "The above request is used only by the child process; the rest are used "
8770 #| "only by the parent. In the following requests, I<pid> specifies the "
8771 #| "child process to be acted on. For requests other than B<PTRACE_KILL>, "
8772 #| "the child process must be stopped."
8774 "The B<PTRACE_TRACEME> request is used only by the tracee; the remaining "
8775 "requests are used only by the tracer. In the following requests, I<pid> "
8776 "specifies the thread ID of the tracee to be acted on. For requests other "
8777 "than B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE>, B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT>, and "
8778 "B<PTRACE_KILL>, the tracee must be stopped."
8780 "上記の要求は子プロセスだけが行なうものである。 残りは親プロセスだけが行なうも"
8781 "のである。 以下の要求では、I<pid> で操作の対象となる 子プロセスを指定する。 "
8782 "B<PTRACE_KILL> を除き、要求を行なうためには 子プロセスは停止していなければな"
8786 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:158
8788 msgid "B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT>, B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>"
8789 msgstr "B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT>, B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>"
8792 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:169
8795 #| "Reads a word at the location I<addr> in the child's memory, returning the "
8796 #| "word as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. Linux does not have "
8797 #| "separate text and data address spaces, so the two requests are currently "
8798 #| "equivalent. (The argument I<data> is ignored.)"
8800 "Read a word at the address I<addr> in the tracee's memory, returning the "
8801 "word as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. Linux does not have separate "
8802 "text and data address spaces, so these two requests are currently "
8803 "equivalent. (I<data> is ignored; but see NOTES.)"
8805 "子プロセスのメモリの I<addr> の位置から 1 ワードを読み出す。読み出したワード"
8806 "は B<ptrace>() の返り値として返される。 Linux ではテキスト (text) とデータ "
8807 "(data) で 同じアドレス空間を使用するため、この 2 つの要求は現在のところ 同じ"
8808 "ものである。 (引き数 I<data> は無視される。)"
8811 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:169
8813 msgid "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>"
8814 msgstr "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>"
8816 #. PTRACE_PEEKUSR in kernel source, but glibc uses PTRACE_PEEKUSER,
8817 #. and that is the name that seems common on other systems.
8819 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:187
8822 #| "Reads a word at offset I<addr> in the child's USER area, which holds the "
8823 #| "registers and other information about the process (see I<E<lt>sys/user."
8824 #| "hE<gt>>). The word is returned as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. "
8825 #| "Typically the offset must be word-aligned, though this might vary by "
8826 #| "architecture. See NOTES. (I<data> is ignored.)"
8828 "Read a word at offset I<addr> in the tracee's USER area, which holds the "
8829 "registers and other information about the process (see I<E<lt>sys/user."
8830 "hE<gt>>). The word is returned as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. "
8831 "Typically, the offset must be word-aligned, though this might vary by "
8832 "architecture. See NOTES. (I<data> is ignored; but see NOTES.)"
8834 "子プロセスの USER 領域のオフセット I<addr> の位置から 1 ワードを読み込む。"
8835 "USER 領域にはそのプロセスの レジスタ (registers) などの情報が保持されている "
8836 "(I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>> を参照)。読み込んだワードは B<ptrace>() コールの結"
8837 "果として返される。 たいていはオフセットはワード境界になければならないが、 "
8838 "アーキテクチャによってはその必要はない。 「注意」の節を参照。 (I<data> は無視"
8842 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:187
8844 msgid "B<PTRACE_POKETEXT>, B<PTRACE_POKEDATA>"
8845 msgstr "B<PTRACE_POKETEXT>, B<PTRACE_POKEDATA>"
8848 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:199
8851 #| "Copies the word I<data> to location I<addr> in the child's memory. As "
8852 #| "above, the two requests are currently equivalent."
8854 "Copy the word I<data> to the address I<addr> in the tracee's memory. As for "
8855 "B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT> and B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>, these two requests are currently "
8858 "ワード I<data> を子プロセスのメモリの I<addr> の位置へコピーする。上と同様"
8859 "に、現在のところ二つの 要求は同じものである。"
8862 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:199
8864 msgid "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>"
8865 msgstr "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>"
8867 #. PTRACE_POKEUSR in kernel source, but glibc uses PTRACE_POKEUSER,
8868 #. and that is the name that seems common on other systems.
8869 #. FIXME In the preceding sentence, which modifications are disallowed,
8870 #. and when they are disallowed, how does user space discover that fact?
8872 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:215
8875 #| "Copies the word I<data> to offset I<addr> in the child's USER area. As "
8876 #| "above, the offset must typically be word-aligned. In order to maintain "
8877 #| "the integrity of the kernel, some modifications to the USER area are "
8880 "Copy the word I<data> to offset I<addr> in the tracee's USER area. As for "
8881 "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>, the offset must typically be word-aligned. In order to "
8882 "maintain the integrity of the kernel, some modifications to the USER area "
8885 "ワード I<data> を子プロセスの USER 領域のオフセット I<addr> の位置にコピーす"
8886 "る。 上と同様に、通常、オフセットはワード境界になければならない。 カーネルの"
8887 "完全性 (integrity) を維持するため、 変更内容によっては USER 領域の変更は禁止"
8891 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:215
8893 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETREGS>, B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS>"
8894 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETREGS>, B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS>"
8897 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:238
8900 #| "Copies the child's general purpose or floating-point registers, "
8901 #| "respectively, to location I<data> in the parent. See I<E<lt>sys/user."
8902 #| "hE<gt>> for information on the format of this data. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
8904 "Copy the tracee's general-purpose or floating-point registers, respectively, "
8905 "to the address I<data> in the tracer. See I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>> for "
8906 "information on the format of this data. (I<addr> is ignored.) Note that "
8907 "SPARC systems have the meaning of I<data> and I<addr> reversed; that is, "
8908 "I<data> is ignored and the registers are copied to the address I<addr>. "
8909 "B<PTRACE_GETREGS> and B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS> are not present on all "
8912 "それぞれ、子プロセスの汎用レジスタ、浮動小数点レジスタを親プロセスの I<data> "
8913 "の位置にコピーする。この data の書式に関しては I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>> を参照"
8914 "すること。(I<addr> は無視される。)"
8917 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:238
8919 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
8920 msgstr " B<PTRACE_GETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
8923 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:259
8925 "Read the tracee's registers. I<addr> specifies, in an architecture-"
8926 "dependent way, the type of registers to be read. B<NT_PRSTATUS> (with "
8927 "numerical value 1) usually results in reading of general-purpose "
8928 "registers. If the CPU has, for example, floating-point and/or vector "
8929 "registers, they can be retrieved by setting I<addr> to the corresponding "
8930 "B<NT_foo> constant. I<data> points to a B<struct iovec>, which describes "
8931 "the destination buffer's location and length. On return, the kernel "
8932 "modifies B<iov.len> to indicate the actual number of bytes returned."
8936 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:259
8938 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETREGS>, B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS>"
8939 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETREGS>, B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS>"
8941 #. FIXME . In the preceding sentence, which modifications are disallowed,
8942 #. and when they are disallowed, how does user space discover that fact?
8944 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:284
8947 #| "Copies the child's general purpose or floating-point registers, "
8948 #| "respectively, from location I<data> in the parent. As for "
8949 #| "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>, some general purpose register modifications may be "
8950 #| "disallowed. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
8952 "Modify the tracee's general-purpose or floating-point registers, "
8953 "respectively, from the address I<data> in the tracer. As for "
8954 "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>, some general-purpose register modifications may be "
8955 "disallowed. (I<addr> is ignored.) Note that SPARC systems have the meaning "
8956 "of I<data> and I<addr> reversed; that is, I<data> is ignored and the "
8957 "registers are copied from the address I<addr>. B<PTRACE_SETREGS> and "
8958 "B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS> are not present on all architectures."
8960 "それぞれ、子プロセスの汎用レジスタ、浮動小数点レジスタに 親プロセスの "
8961 "I<date> の位置からコピーする。 B<PTRACE_POKEUSER> と同様に、汎用レジスタに"
8962 "よっては 変更が禁止されている場合がある。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
8965 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:284
8967 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
8968 msgstr " B<PTRACE_SETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
8971 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:293
8973 "Modify the tracee's registers. The meaning of I<addr> and I<data> is "
8974 "analogous to B<PTRACE_GETREGSET>."
8978 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:293
8980 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)"
8981 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> (Linux 2.3.99-pre6 以降)"
8984 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:305
8987 #| "Retrieve information about the signal that caused the stop. Copies a "
8988 #| "I<siginfo_t> structure (see B<sigaction>(2)) from the child to location "
8989 #| "I<data> in the parent. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
8991 "Retrieve information about the signal that caused the stop. Copy a "
8992 "I<siginfo_t> structure (see B<sigaction>(2)) from the tracee to the address "
8993 "I<data> in the tracer. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
8995 "停止の原因となったシグナルに関する情報を取得する。 I<siginfo_t> 構造体 "
8996 "(B<sigaction>(2) 参照) を子プロセスから親プロセスの I<data> の位置にコピーす"
8997 "る。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
9000 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:305
9002 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)"
9003 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> (Linux 2.3.99-pre6 以降)"
9006 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:321
9009 #| "Set signal information. Copies a I<siginfo_t> structure from location "
9010 #| "I<data> in the parent to the child. This will only affect signals that "
9011 #| "would normally be delivered to the child and were caught by the tracer. "
9012 #| "It may be difficult to tell these normal signals from synthetic signals "
9013 #| "generated by B<ptrace>() itself. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
9015 "Set signal information: copy a I<siginfo_t> structure from the address "
9016 "I<data> in the tracer to the tracee. This will affect only signals that "
9017 "would normally be delivered to the tracee and were caught by the tracer. It "
9018 "may be difficult to tell these normal signals from synthetic signals "
9019 "generated by B<ptrace>() itself. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
9021 "シグナル情報を設定する。 I<siginfo_t> 構造体を親プロセスのデータ I<data> の位"
9022 "置から 子プロセスにコピーする。 この処理を行うことができるのは、子プロセスに"
9023 "通常は配送されるはずで トレーサに捕捉されたシグナルについてだけである。 これ"
9024 "らの通常のシグナルと B<ptrace>() 自身が発生するシグナルを見分けるのは難しい"
9025 "かもしれない。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
9028 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:321
9030 msgid "B<PTRACE_PEEKSIGINFO> (since Linux 3.10)"
9031 msgstr "B<PTRACE_PEEKSIGINFO> (Linux 3.10 以降)"
9033 #. commit 84c751bd4aebbaae995fe32279d3dba48327bad4
9035 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:347
9037 "Retrieve I<siginfo_t> structures without removing signals from a queue. "
9038 "I<addr> points to a I<ptrace_peeksiginfo_args> structure that specifies the "
9039 "ordinal position from which copying of signals should start, and the number "
9040 "of signals to copy. I<siginfo_t> structures are copied into the buffer "
9041 "pointed to by I<data>. The return value contains the number of copied "
9042 "signals (zero indicates that there is no signal corresponding to the "
9043 "specified ordinal position). Within the returned I<siginfo> structures, the "
9044 "I<si_code> field includes information (B<__SI_CHLD>, B<__SI_FAULT>, etc.) "
9045 "that are not otherwise exposed to user space."
9049 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:356
9052 "struct ptrace_peeksiginfo_args {\n"
9053 " u64 off; /* Ordinal position in queue at which\n"
9054 " to start copying signals */\n"
9055 " u32 flags; /* PTRACE_PEEKSIGINFO_SHARED or 0 */\n"
9056 " s32 nr; /* Number of signals to copy */\n"
9061 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:363
9063 "Currently, there is only one flag, B<PTRACE_PEEKSIGINFO_SHARED>, for dumping "
9064 "signals from the process-wide signal queue. If this flag is not set, "
9065 "signals are read from the per-thread queue of the specified thread."
9069 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:365
9071 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETSIGMASK> (since Linux 3.11)"
9072 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETSIGMASK> (Linux 3.11 以降)"
9074 #. commit 29000caecbe87b6b66f144f72111f0d02fbbf0c1
9076 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:380
9078 "Place a copy of the mask of blocked signals (see B<sigprocmask>(2)) in the "
9079 "buffer pointed to by I<data>, which should be a pointer to a buffer of type "
9080 "I<sigset_t>. The I<addr> argument contains the size of the buffer pointed "
9081 "to by I<data> (i.e., I<sizeof(sigset_t)>)."
9085 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:380
9087 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETSIGMASK> (since Linux 3.11)"
9088 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETSIGMASK> (Linux 3.11 以降)"
9091 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:394
9093 "Change the mask of blocked signals (see B<sigprocmask>(2)) to the value "
9094 "specified in the buffer pointed to by I<data>, which should be a pointer to "
9095 "a buffer of type I<sigset_t>. The I<addr> argument contains the size of the "
9096 "buffer pointed to by I<data> (i.e., I<sizeof(sigset_t)>)."
9100 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:394
9102 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> (since Linux 2.4.6; see BUGS for caveats)"
9103 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> (Linux 2.4.6 以降; バグの章にある警告も参照)"
9106 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:403
9108 "Set ptrace options from I<data>. (I<addr> is ignored.) I<data> is "
9109 "interpreted as a bit mask of options, which are specified by the following "
9112 "I<data> に基づいて ptrace のオプションを設定する (I<addr> は無視される)。 "
9113 "I<data> はオプションのビットマスクとして解釈され、 オプションには以下のフラグ"
9117 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:404
9119 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_EXITKILL> (since Linux 3.8)"
9120 msgstr " B<PTRACE_O_EXITKILL> (since Linux 3.8)"
9122 #. commit 992fb6e170639b0849bace8e49bf31bd37c4123
9124 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:412
9126 "If a tracer sets this flag, a B<SIGKILL> signal will be sent to every tracee "
9127 "if the tracer exits. This option is useful for ptrace jailers that want to "
9128 "ensure that tracees can never escape the tracer's control."
9132 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:412
9134 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
9135 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
9138 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:429
9141 #| "Stop the child at the next B<fork>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
9142 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
9143 #| "newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
9144 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
9146 "Stop the tracee at the next B<clone>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
9147 "newly cloned process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>, or "
9148 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> if B<PTRACE_SEIZE> was used. A B<waitpid>(2) by the "
9149 "tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
9151 "次の B<fork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
9152 "8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに fork されたプロセスのトレースを自動"
9153 "的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でそのプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセスの "
9154 "PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
9157 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:432
9159 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_CLONEE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9160 msgstr " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_CLONEE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9163 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:436 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:522
9164 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:555
9165 msgid "The PID of the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
9166 msgstr "新規のプロセスの PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
9169 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:457
9172 #| "Stop the child at the next B<clone>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
9173 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
9174 #| "newly cloned process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
9175 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>. This option "
9176 #| "may not catch B<clone>(2) calls in all cases. If the child calls "
9177 #| "B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> will be "
9178 #| "delivered instead if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> is set; otherwise if the "
9179 #| "child calls B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set to B<SIGCHLD>, "
9180 #| "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK> will be delivered if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> is set."
9182 "This option may not catch B<clone>(2) calls in all cases. If the tracee "
9183 "calls B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> will "
9184 "be delivered instead if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> is set; otherwise if the "
9185 "tracee calls B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set to B<SIGCHLD>, "
9186 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK> will be delivered if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> is set."
9188 "次の B<clone>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE\\ E<lt>E<lt> "
9189 "\\8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに clone で作成されたプロセスのト"
9190 "レースを自動的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセ"
9191 "スの PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。 このオプションで全ての "
9192 "B<clone>(2) コールを捕まえられるわけではない。 子プロセスが B<CLONE_VFORK> "
9193 "フラグ付きで B<clone>(2) を呼び出した場合、 B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> が設定さ"
9194 "れていれば代わりに B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> が配送される。 また、子プロセスが終"
9195 "了シグナルを B<SIGCHLD> に設定して B<clone>(2) を呼び出した場合は、 "
9196 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> が設定されていれば B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK> が配送される。"
9199 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:457
9201 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
9202 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
9205 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:466
9207 "Stop the tracee at the next B<execve>(2). A B<waitpid>(2) by the tracer "
9208 "will return a I<status> value such that"
9212 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:469
9214 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXECE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9215 msgstr " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXECE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9218 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:475
9220 "If the execing thread is not a thread group leader, the thread ID is reset "
9221 "to thread group leader's ID before this stop. Since Linux 3.0, the former "
9222 "thread ID can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
9226 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:475
9228 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
9229 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> (Linux 2.5.60 以降)"
9232 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:483
9234 "Stop the tracee at exit. A B<waitpid>(2) by the tracer will return a "
9235 "I<status> value such that"
9239 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:486
9241 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXITE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9242 msgstr " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXITE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9245 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:490
9246 msgid "The tracee's exit status can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
9250 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:498
9253 #| "Stop the child at exit with I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
9254 #| "8>. The child's exit status can be retrieved with "
9255 #| "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>. This stop will be done early during process exit "
9256 #| "when registers are still available, allowing the tracer to see where the "
9257 #| "exit occurred, whereas the normal exit notification is done after the "
9258 #| "process is finished exiting. Even though context is available, the "
9259 #| "tracer cannot prevent the exit from happening at this point."
9261 "The tracee is stopped early during process exit, when registers are still "
9262 "available, allowing the tracer to see where the exit occurred, whereas the "
9263 "normal exit notification is done after the process is finished exiting. "
9264 "Even though context is available, the tracer cannot prevent the exit from "
9265 "happening at this point."
9267 "終了 (exit) 時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> で子プロセス"
9268 "の動作を停止させる。子プロセスの終了ステータスは B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得"
9269 "できる。 この停止はレジスタがまだ参照可能であるプロセス終了処理の初期に行わ"
9270 "れ、 トレーサはどこで終了が発生したかを知ることができる。 通常の終了通知 "
9271 "(exit notification) はプロセスの終了処理が完了した後に 行われる。コンテキスト"
9272 "を参照することはできるにも関わらず、 トレーサはこの時点から終了を止めることは"
9276 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:498
9278 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
9279 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
9282 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:515
9285 #| "Stop the child at the next B<fork>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
9286 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
9287 #| "newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
9288 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
9290 "Stop the tracee at the next B<fork>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
9291 "newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>, or "
9292 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> if B<PTRACE_SEIZE> was used. A B<waitpid>(2) by the "
9293 "tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
9295 "次の B<fork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
9296 "8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに fork されたプロセスのトレースを自動"
9297 "的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でそのプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセスの "
9298 "PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
9301 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:518
9303 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_FORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9304 msgstr " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_FORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9307 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:522
9309 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> (since Linux 2.4.6)"
9310 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> (Linux 2.4.6 以降)"
9313 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:531
9316 #| "When delivering syscall traps, set bit 7 in the signal number (i.e., "
9317 #| "deliver I<SIGTRAP | 0x80>). This makes it easy for the tracer to tell "
9318 #| "the difference between normal traps and those caused by a syscall. "
9319 #| "(B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> may not work on all architectures.)"
9321 "When delivering system call traps, set bit 7 in the signal number (i.e., "
9322 "deliver I<SIGTRAP|0x80>). This makes it easy for the tracer to distinguish "
9323 "normal traps from those caused by a system call. (B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> "
9324 "may not work on all architectures.)"
9326 "システムコールのトラップが配送されたときに、シグナル番号のビット 7 を設定す"
9327 "る (すなわち、I<SIGTRAP | 0x80> を配送する)。 これにより、トレーサが通常のト"
9328 "ラップとシステムコールによるトラップを 区別しやすくなる。 "
9329 "(B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> はどのアーキテクチャでも動作しない可能性がある。)"
9332 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:531
9334 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
9335 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
9338 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:548
9341 #| "Stop the child at the next B<vfork>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
9342 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
9343 #| "newly vforked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
9344 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
9346 "Stop the tracee at the next B<vfork>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
9347 "newly vforked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>, or "
9348 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> if B<PTRACE_SEIZE> was used. A B<waitpid>(2) by the "
9349 "tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
9351 "次の B<vfork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
9352 "8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに vfork されたプロセスのトレースを自"
9353 "動的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でそのプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセスの "
9354 "PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
9357 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:551
9359 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9360 msgstr " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9363 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:555
9365 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
9366 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (Linux 2.5.60 以降)"
9369 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:564
9371 "Stop the tracee at the completion of the next B<vfork>(2). A B<waitpid>(2) "
9372 "by the tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
9376 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:567
9378 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONEE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9382 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:571
9384 "The PID of the new process can (since Linux 2.6.18) be retrieved with "
9385 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
9389 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:571
9391 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
9392 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACESECCOMP> (since Linux 3.5)"
9393 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
9396 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:582
9399 #| "Stop the child at the next B<fork>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
9400 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
9401 #| "newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
9402 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
9404 "Stop the tracee when a B<seccomp>(2) B<SECCOMP_RET_TRACE> rule is "
9405 "triggered. A B<waitpid>(2) by the tracer will return a I<status> value "
9408 "次の B<fork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
9409 "8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに fork されたプロセスのトレースを自動"
9410 "的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でそのプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセスの "
9411 "PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
9414 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:585
9416 #| msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXECE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9417 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMPE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9418 msgstr " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXECE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
9421 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:595
9423 "While this triggers a B<PTRACE_EVENT> stop, it is similar to a syscall-enter-"
9424 "stop, in that the tracee has not yet entered the syscall that seccomp "
9425 "triggered on. The seccomp event message data (from the B<SECCOMP_RET_DATA> "
9426 "portion of the seccomp filter rule) can be retrieved with "
9427 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
9431 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:596
9433 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
9434 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
9437 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:623
9440 #| "Retrieve a message (as an I<unsigned long>) about the ptrace event that "
9441 #| "just happened, placing it in the location I<data> in the parent. For "
9442 #| "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> this is the child's exit status. For "
9443 #| "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> and B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE> "
9444 #| "this is the PID of the new process. Since Linux 2.6.18, the PID of the "
9445 #| "new process is also available for B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>. (I<addr> "
9448 "Retrieve a message (as an I<unsigned long>) about the ptrace event that "
9449 "just happened, placing it at the address I<data> in the tracer. For "
9450 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>, this is the tracee's exit status. For "
9451 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>, and "
9452 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>, this is the PID of the new process. For "
9453 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP>, this is the B<seccomp>(2) filter's "
9454 "B<SECCOMP_RET_DATA> associated with the triggered rule. (I<addr> is "
9457 "発生したばかりの ptrace イベントに関するメッセージを (I<unsigned long> 型で) "
9458 "取得する。 取得したメッセージは親プロセスの I<data> の位置に格納される。 得ら"
9459 "れる内容は、 B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> の場合は子プロセスの終了ステータスであり、 "
9460 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE> の場合は新"
9461 "しいプロセスの PID である。 Linux 2.6.18 以降では、新しいプロセスの PID は "
9462 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE> で入手できる。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
9465 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:623
9467 msgid "B<PTRACE_CONT>"
9468 msgstr "B<PTRACE_CONT>"
9471 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:635
9474 #| "Restarts the stopped child process. If I<data> is nonzero and not "
9475 #| "B<SIGSTOP>, it is interpreted as a signal to be delivered to the child; "
9476 #| "otherwise, no signal is delivered. Thus, for example, the parent can "
9477 #| "control whether a signal sent to the child is delivered or not. (I<addr> "
9480 "Restart the stopped tracee process. If I<data> is nonzero, it is "
9481 "interpreted as the number of a signal to be delivered to the tracee; "
9482 "otherwise, no signal is delivered. Thus, for example, the tracer can "
9483 "control whether a signal sent to the tracee is delivered or not. (I<addr> "
9486 "停止した子プロセスの実行を再開させる。 I<data> がゼロでなく、 B<SIGSTOP> でも"
9487 "なければ、 子プロセスに配送されるシグナルと解釈される。 ゼロや B<SIGSTOP> の"
9488 "場合はシグナルは配送されない。 これを使うと、例えば、親プロセスは 子プロセス"
9489 "に送られたシグナルを実際に配送するかどうかを 制御することができる。(I<addr> "
9493 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:635
9495 msgid "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>"
9496 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>"
9499 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:659
9502 #| "Restarts the stopped child as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but arranges for the "
9503 #| "child to be stopped at the next entry to or exit from a system call, or "
9504 #| "after execution of a single instruction, respectively. (The child will "
9505 #| "also, as usual, be stopped upon receipt of a signal.) From the parent's "
9506 #| "perspective, the child will appear to have been stopped by receipt of a "
9507 #| "B<SIGTRAP>. So, for B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, for example, the idea is to "
9508 #| "inspect the arguments to the system call at the first stop, then do "
9509 #| "another B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> and inspect the return value of the system call "
9510 #| "at the second stop. The I<data> argument is treated as for "
9511 #| "B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
9513 "Restart the stopped tracee as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but arrange for the tracee "
9514 "to be stopped at the next entry to or exit from a system call, or after "
9515 "execution of a single instruction, respectively. (The tracee will also, as "
9516 "usual, be stopped upon receipt of a signal.) From the tracer's perspective, "
9517 "the tracee will appear to have been stopped by receipt of a B<SIGTRAP>. So, "
9518 "for B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, for example, the idea is to inspect the arguments to "
9519 "the system call at the first stop, then do another B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> and "
9520 "inspect the return value of the system call at the second stop. The I<data> "
9521 "argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
9523 "B<PTRACE_CONT> と同様に停止した子プロセスを再開する。ただし、 "
9524 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> の場合は子プロセスが 次にシステムコールに入るかシステムコー"
9525 "ルから抜けるかする時に、 B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP> の場合は 1 命令 (instruction) "
9526 "実行した後に停止させる (通常どおり、子プロセスはシグナルを受け取った場合にも"
9527 "停止する)。 親プロセスから見ると、子プロセスは B<SIGTRAP> を受信して停止した"
9528 "ように見える。そのため、例えば B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> を使うと、1回目の停止で引き"
9529 "数を調べて B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> を実行し、 2回目の停止でシステムコールの返り値を"
9530 "調べる、 というようなことができる。 引き数 I<data> は B<PTRACE_CONT> の場合と"
9531 "同じ様に解釈される。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
9534 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:659
9536 msgid "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP> (since Linux 2.6.14)"
9537 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP> (Linux 2.6.14 以降)"
9541 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:680
9544 #| "For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, continue and stop on entry to the next syscall, "
9545 #| "which will not be executed. For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>, do the same "
9546 #| "but also singlestep if not a syscall. This call is used by programs like "
9547 #| "User Mode Linux that want to emulate all the child's system calls. The "
9548 #| "I<data> argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored; "
9549 #| "not supported on all architectures.)"
9551 "For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, continue and stop on entry to the next system call, "
9552 "which will not be executed. For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>, do the same "
9553 "but also singlestep if not a system call. This call is used by programs "
9554 "like User Mode Linux that want to emulate all the tracee's system calls. "
9555 "The I<data> argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. The I<addr> argument "
9556 "is ignored. These requests are currently supported only on x86."
9558 "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU> は、実行を再開し、次のシステムコールに入る時に停止させる。 "
9559 "システムコールは実行されない。 B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP> も同様だが、システ"
9560 "ムコールでない場合には 1 命令 (singlestep) だけ実行した時点でも停止させる。 "
9561 "このコールは User Mode Linux のように子プロセスのシステムコールを全て エミュ"
9562 "レートしようとするプログラムで使用される。 引き数 I<data> は B<PTRACE_CONT> "
9563 "の場合と同じ様に解釈される。 (I<addr> は無視される。 全てのアーキテクチャでサ"
9567 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:680
9569 msgid "B<PTRACE_LISTEN> (since Linux 3.4)"
9570 msgstr " B<PTRACE_LISTEN> (since Linux 3.4)"
9573 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:691
9575 "Restart the stopped tracee, but prevent it from executing. The resulting "
9576 "state of the tracee is similar to a process which has been stopped by a "
9577 "B<SIGSTOP> (or other stopping signal). See the \"group-stop\" subsection "
9578 "for additional information. B<PTRACE_LISTEN> works only on tracees attached "
9579 "by B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
9583 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:691
9585 msgid "B<PTRACE_KILL>"
9586 msgstr "B<PTRACE_KILL>"
9589 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:700
9592 #| "Sends the child a B<SIGKILL> to terminate it. (I<addr> and I<data> are "
9595 "Send the tracee a B<SIGKILL> to terminate it. (I<addr> and I<data> are "
9598 "子プロセスに B<SIGKILL> を送り終了させる。(I<addr> と I<data> は無視される。)"
9600 #. [Note from Denys Vlasenko:
9601 #. deprecation suggested by Oleg Nesterov. He prefers to deprecate it
9602 #. instead of describing (and needing to support) PTRACE_KILL's quirks.]
9604 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:719
9606 "I<This operation is deprecated; do not use it!> Instead, send a B<SIGKILL> "
9607 "directly using B<kill>(2) or B<tgkill>(2). The problem with B<PTRACE_KILL> "
9608 "is that it requires the tracee to be in signal-delivery-stop, otherwise it "
9609 "may not work (i.e., may complete successfully but won't kill the tracee). "
9610 "By contrast, sending a B<SIGKILL> directly has no such limitation."
9614 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:719
9616 msgid "B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> (since Linux 3.4)"
9617 msgstr " B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> (since Linux 3.4)"
9620 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:747
9622 "Stop a tracee. If the tracee is running or sleeping in kernel space and "
9623 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> is in effect, the system call is interrupted and syscall-"
9624 "exit-stop is reported. (The interrupted system call is restarted when the "
9625 "tracee is restarted.) If the tracee was already stopped by a signal and "
9626 "B<PTRACE_LISTEN> was sent to it, the tracee stops with B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> "
9627 "and I<WSTOPSIG(status)> returns the stop signal. If any other ptrace-stop "
9628 "is generated at the same time (for example, if a signal is sent to the "
9629 "tracee), this ptrace-stop happens. If none of the above applies (for "
9630 "example, if the tracee is running in user space), it stops with "
9631 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> with I<WSTOPSIG(status)> == B<SIGTRAP>. "
9632 "B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> only works on tracees attached by B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
9636 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:747
9638 msgid "B<PTRACE_ATTACH>"
9639 msgstr "B<PTRACE_ATTACH>"
9641 #. No longer true (removed by Denys Vlasenko, 2011, who remarks:
9642 #. "I think it isn't true in non-ancient 2.4 and in 2.6/3.x.
9643 #. Basically, it's not true for any Linux in practical use.
9644 #. ; the behavior of the tracee is as if it had done a
9645 #. .BR PTRACE_TRACEME .
9646 #. The calling process actually becomes the parent of the tracee
9647 #. process for most purposes (e.g., it will receive
9648 #. notification of tracee events and appears in
9650 #. output as the tracee's parent), but a
9652 #. by the tracee will still return the PID of the original parent.
9654 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:775
9656 "Attach to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a tracee of the calling "
9657 "process. The tracee is sent a B<SIGSTOP>, but will not necessarily have "
9658 "stopped by the completion of this call; use B<waitpid>(2) to wait for the "
9659 "tracee to stop. See the \"Attaching and detaching\" subsection for "
9660 "additional information. (I<addr> and I<data> are ignored.)"
9664 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:775
9666 msgid "B<PTRACE_SEIZE> (since Linux 3.4)"
9667 msgstr " B<PTRACE_SEIZE> (since Linux 3.4)"
9670 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:795
9672 "Attach to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a tracee of the calling "
9673 "process. Unlike B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE> does not stop the "
9674 "process. Only a B<PTRACE_SEIZE>d process can accept B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> and "
9675 "B<PTRACE_LISTEN> commands. I<addr> must be zero. I<data> contains a bit "
9676 "mask of ptrace options to activate immediately."
9680 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:795
9682 msgid "B<PTRACE_DETACH>"
9683 msgstr "B<PTRACE_DETACH>"
9686 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:804
9689 #| "Restarts the stopped child as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but first detaches from "
9690 #| "the process, undoing the reparenting effect of B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, and the "
9691 #| "effects of B<PTRACE_TRACEME>. Although perhaps not intended, under Linux "
9692 #| "a traced child can be detached in this way regardless of which method was "
9693 #| "used to initiate tracing. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
9695 "Restart the stopped tracee as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but first detach from it. "
9696 "Under Linux, a tracee can be detached in this way regardless of which method "
9697 "was used to initiate tracing. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
9699 "B<PTRACE_CONT> と同様に停止した子プロセスを再開する。ただし まずそのプロセス"
9700 "からの分離 (detach) を行い、 B<PTRACE_ATTACH> での親の切り換えによる効果と "
9701 "B<PTRACE_TRACEME> の効果を取り消す。意図したものではないだろうが、 Linux で"
9702 "は、トレースされている子プロセスはどのような方法でトレースを 開始されたとして"
9703 "も、この方法で分離 (detach) することができる。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
9706 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:804
9708 msgid "Death under ptrace"
9712 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:813
9714 "When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives a killing signal (one whose "
9715 "disposition is set to B<SIG_DFL> and whose default action is to kill the "
9716 "process), all threads exit. Tracees report their death to their tracer(s). "
9717 "Notification of this event is delivered via B<waitpid>(2)."
9721 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:822
9723 "Note that the killing signal will first cause signal-delivery-stop (on one "
9724 "tracee only), and only after it is injected by the tracer (or after it was "
9725 "dispatched to a thread which isn't traced), will death from the signal "
9726 "happen on I<all> tracees within a multithreaded process. (The term \"signal-"
9727 "delivery-stop\" is explained below.)"
9731 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:834
9733 "B<SIGKILL> does not generate signal-delivery-stop and therefore the tracer "
9734 "can't suppress it. B<SIGKILL> kills even within system calls (syscall-exit-"
9735 "stop is not generated prior to death by B<SIGKILL>). The net effect is that "
9736 "B<SIGKILL> always kills the process (all its threads), even if some threads "
9737 "of the process are ptraced."
9741 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:839
9743 "When the tracee calls B<_exit>(2), it reports its death to its tracer. "
9744 "Other threads are not affected."
9748 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:843
9750 "When any thread executes B<exit_group>(2), every tracee in its thread group "
9751 "reports its death to its tracer."
9755 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:857
9757 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> option is on, B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> will happen "
9758 "before actual death. This applies to exits via B<exit>(2), "
9759 "B<exit_group>(2), and signal deaths (except B<SIGKILL>), and when threads "
9760 "are torn down on B<execve>(2) in a multithreaded process."
9764 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:882
9766 "The tracer cannot assume that the ptrace-stopped tracee exists. There are "
9767 "many scenarios when the tracee may die while stopped (such as B<SIGKILL>). "
9768 "Therefore, the tracer must be prepared to handle an B<ESRCH> error on any "
9769 "ptrace operation. Unfortunately, the same error is returned if the tracee "
9770 "exists but is not ptrace-stopped (for commands which require a stopped "
9771 "tracee), or if it is not traced by the process which issued the ptrace "
9772 "call. The tracer needs to keep track of the stopped/running state of the "
9773 "tracee, and interpret B<ESRCH> as \"tracee died unexpectedly\" only if it "
9774 "knows that the tracee has been observed to enter ptrace-stop. Note that "
9775 "there is no guarantee that I<waitpid(WNOHANG)> will reliably report the "
9776 "tracee's death status if a ptrace operation returned B<ESRCH>. "
9777 "I<waitpid(WNOHANG)> may return 0 instead. In other words, the tracee may be "
9778 "\"not yet fully dead\", but already refusing ptrace requests."
9782 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:896
9784 "The tracer can't assume that the tracee I<always> ends its life by reporting "
9785 "I<WIFEXITED(status)> or I<WIFSIGNALED(status)>; there are cases where this "
9786 "does not occur. For example, if a thread other than thread group leader "
9787 "does an B<execve>(2), it disappears; its PID will never be seen again, and "
9788 "any subsequent ptrace stops will be reported under the thread group leader's "
9793 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:896
9795 msgid "Stopped states"
9799 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:918
9801 "A tracee can be in two states: running or stopped. For the purposes of "
9802 "ptrace, a tracee which is blocked in a system call (such as B<read>(2), "
9803 "B<pause>(2), etc.) is nevertheless considered to be running, even if the "
9804 "tracee is blocked for a long time. The state of the tracee after "
9805 "B<PTRACE_LISTEN> is somewhat of a gray area: it is not in any ptrace-stop "
9806 "(ptrace commands won't work on it, and it will deliver B<waitpid>(2) "
9807 "notifications), but it also may be considered \"stopped\" because it is not "
9808 "executing instructions (is not scheduled), and if it was in group-stop "
9809 "before B<PTRACE_LISTEN>, it will not respond to signals until B<SIGCONT> is "
9814 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:922
9816 "There are many kinds of states when the tracee is stopped, and in ptrace "
9817 "discussions they are often conflated. Therefore, it is important to use "
9822 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:933
9824 "In this manual page, any stopped state in which the tracee is ready to "
9825 "accept ptrace commands from the tracer is called I<ptrace-stop>. Ptrace-"
9826 "stops can be further subdivided into I<signal-delivery-stop>, I<group-stop>, "
9827 "I<syscall-stop>, and so on. These stopped states are described in detail "
9832 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:938
9834 "When the running tracee enters ptrace-stop, it notifies its tracer using "
9835 "B<waitpid>(2) (or one of the other \"wait\" system calls). Most of this "
9836 "manual page assumes that the tracer waits with:"
9840 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:940
9842 msgid " pid = waitpid(pid_or_minus_1, &status, __WALL);\n"
9846 #. Do we require __WALL usage, or will just using 0 be ok? (With 0,
9847 #. I am not 100% sure there aren't ugly corner cases.) Are the
9848 #. rules different if user wants to use waitid? Will waitid require
9851 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:952
9853 "Ptrace-stopped tracees are reported as returns with I<pid> greater than 0 "
9854 "and I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true."
9858 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:960
9860 "The B<__WALL> flag does not include the B<WSTOPPED> and B<WEXITED> flags, "
9861 "but implies their functionality."
9865 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:967
9867 "Setting the B<WCONTINUED> flag when calling B<waitpid>(2) is not "
9868 "recommended: the \"continued\" state is per-process and consuming it can "
9869 "confuse the real parent of the tracee."
9873 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:975
9875 "Use of the B<WNOHANG> flag may cause B<waitpid>(2) to return 0 (\"no wait "
9876 "results available yet\") even if the tracer knows there should be a "
9877 "notification. Example:"
9881 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:984
9885 " ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, pid, 0L, 0L);\n"
9886 " if (errno == ESRCH) {\n"
9887 " /* tracee is dead */\n"
9888 " r = waitpid(tracee, &status, __WALL | WNOHANG);\n"
9889 " /* r can still be 0 here! */\n"
9894 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1007
9896 "The following kinds of ptrace-stops exist: signal-delivery-stops, group-"
9897 "stops, B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops, syscall-stops. They all are reported by "
9898 "B<waitpid>(2) with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true. They may be differentiated "
9899 "by examining the value I<statusE<gt>E<gt>8>, and if there is ambiguity in "
9900 "that value, by querying B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO>. (Note: the "
9901 "I<WSTOPSIG(status)> macro can't be used to perform this examination, because "
9902 "it returns the value I<(statusE<gt>E<gt>8)\\ &\\ 0xff>.)"
9906 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1007
9908 msgid "Signal-delivery-stop"
9912 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1027
9914 "When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives any signal except "
9915 "B<SIGKILL>, the kernel selects an arbitrary thread which handles the "
9916 "signal. (If the signal is generated with B<tgkill>(2), the target thread "
9917 "can be explicitly selected by the caller.) If the selected thread is "
9918 "traced, it enters signal-delivery-stop. At this point, the signal is not "
9919 "yet delivered to the process, and can be suppressed by the tracer. If the "
9920 "tracer doesn't suppress the signal, it passes the signal to the tracee in "
9921 "the next ptrace restart request. This second step of signal delivery is "
9922 "called I<signal injection> in this manual page. Note that if the signal is "
9923 "blocked, signal-delivery-stop doesn't happen until the signal is unblocked, "
9924 "with the usual exception that B<SIGSTOP> can't be blocked."
9928 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1041
9930 "Signal-delivery-stop is observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning "
9931 "with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, with the signal returned by "
9932 "I<WSTOPSIG(status)>. If the signal is B<SIGTRAP>, this may be a different "
9933 "kind of ptrace-stop; see the \"Syscall-stops\" and \"execve\" sections below "
9934 "for details. If I<WSTOPSIG(status)> returns a stopping signal, this may be "
9935 "a group-stop; see below."
9939 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1041
9941 msgid "Signal injection and suppression"
9945 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1044
9947 "After signal-delivery-stop is observed by the tracer, the tracer should "
9948 "restart the tracee with the call"
9952 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1046
9954 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_restart, pid, 0, sig)\n"
9958 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1059
9960 "where B<PTRACE_restart> is one of the restarting ptrace requests. If I<sig> "
9961 "is 0, then a signal is not delivered. Otherwise, the signal I<sig> is "
9962 "delivered. This operation is called I<signal injection> in this manual "
9963 "page, to distinguish it from signal-delivery-stop."
9967 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1065
9969 "The I<sig> value may be different from the I<WSTOPSIG(status)> value: the "
9970 "tracer can cause a different signal to be injected."
9974 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1081
9976 "Note that a suppressed signal still causes system calls to return "
9977 "prematurely. In this case, system calls will be restarted: the tracer will "
9978 "observe the tracee to reexecute the interrupted system call (or "
9979 "B<restart_syscall>(2) system call for a few system calls which use a "
9980 "different mechanism for restarting) if the tracer uses B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>. "
9981 "Even system calls (such as B<poll>(2)) which are not restartable after "
9982 "signal are restarted after signal is suppressed; however, kernel bugs exist "
9983 "which cause some system calls to fail with B<EINTR> even though no "
9984 "observable signal is injected to the tracee."
9988 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1092
9990 "Restarting ptrace commands issued in ptrace-stops other than signal-delivery-"
9991 "stop are not guaranteed to inject a signal, even if I<sig> is nonzero. No "
9992 "error is reported; a nonzero I<sig> may simply be ignored. Ptrace users "
9993 "should not try to \"create a new signal\" this way: use B<tgkill>(2) "
9998 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1099
10000 "The fact that signal injection requests may be ignored when restarting the "
10001 "tracee after ptrace stops that are not signal-delivery-stops is a cause of "
10002 "confusion among ptrace users. One typical scenario is that the tracer "
10003 "observes group-stop, mistakes it for signal-delivery-stop, restarts the "
10007 #. type: Plain text
10008 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1101
10010 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_restart, pid, 0, stopsig)\n"
10013 #. type: Plain text
10014 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1107
10016 "with the intention of injecting I<stopsig>, but I<stopsig> gets ignored and "
10017 "the tracee continues to run."
10020 #. type: Plain text
10021 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1127
10023 "The B<SIGCONT> signal has a side effect of waking up (all threads of) a "
10024 "group-stopped process. This side effect happens before signal-delivery-"
10025 "stop. The tracer can't suppress this side effect (it can only suppress "
10026 "signal injection, which only causes the B<SIGCONT> handler to not be "
10027 "executed in the tracee, if such a handler is installed). In fact, waking up "
10028 "from group-stop may be followed by signal-delivery-stop for signal(s) "
10029 "I<other than> B<SIGCONT>, if they were pending when B<SIGCONT> was "
10030 "delivered. In other words, B<SIGCONT> may be not the first signal observed "
10031 "by the tracee after it was sent."
10034 #. type: Plain text
10035 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1131
10037 "Stopping signals cause (all threads of) a process to enter group-stop. This "
10038 "side effect happens after signal injection, and therefore can be suppressed "
10043 #. In the Linux 2.4 sources, in arch/i386/kernel/signal.c::do_signal(),
10045 #. /* The debugger continued. Ignore SIGSTOP. */
10046 #. if (signr == SIGSTOP)
10048 #. type: Plain text
10049 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1141
10050 msgid "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, the B<SIGSTOP> signal can't be injected."
10053 #. type: Plain text
10054 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1158
10056 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> can be used to retrieve a I<siginfo_t> structure which "
10057 "corresponds to the delivered signal. B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> may be used to "
10058 "modify it. If B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> has been used to alter I<siginfo_t>, the "
10059 "I<si_signo> field and the I<sig> parameter in the restarting command must "
10060 "match, otherwise the result is undefined."
10064 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1158
10069 #. type: Plain text
10070 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1170
10072 "When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives a stopping signal, all "
10073 "threads stop. If some threads are traced, they enter a group-stop. Note "
10074 "that the stopping signal will first cause signal-delivery-stop (on one "
10075 "tracee only), and only after it is injected by the tracer (or after it was "
10076 "dispatched to a thread which isn't traced), will group-stop be initiated on "
10077 "I<all> tracees within the multithreaded process. As usual, every tracee "
10078 "reports its group-stop separately to the corresponding tracer."
10081 #. type: Plain text
10082 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1179
10084 "Group-stop is observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning with "
10085 "I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, with the stopping signal available via "
10086 "I<WSTOPSIG(status)>. The same result is returned by some other classes of "
10087 "ptrace-stops, therefore the recommended practice is to perform the call"
10090 #. type: Plain text
10091 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1181
10093 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo)\n"
10096 #. type: Plain text
10097 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1202
10099 "The call can be avoided if the signal is not B<SIGSTOP>, B<SIGTSTP>, "
10100 "B<SIGTTIN>, or B<SIGTTOU>; only these four signals are stopping signals. If "
10101 "the tracer sees something else, it can't be a group-stop. Otherwise, the "
10102 "tracer needs to call B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO>. If B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> fails "
10103 "with B<EINVAL>, then it is definitely a group-stop. (Other failure codes "
10104 "are possible, such as B<ESRCH> (\"no such process\") if a B<SIGKILL> killed "
10108 #. type: Plain text
10109 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1212
10111 "If tracee was attached using B<PTRACE_SEIZE>, group-stop is indicated by "
10112 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>: I<statusE<gt>E<gt>16 == PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>. This "
10113 "allows detection of group-stops without requiring an extra "
10114 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> call."
10117 #. type: Plain text
10118 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1221
10120 "As of Linux 2.6.38, after the tracer sees the tracee ptrace-stop and until "
10121 "it restarts or kills it, the tracee will not run, and will not send "
10122 "notifications (except B<SIGKILL> death) to the tracer, even if the tracer "
10123 "enters into another B<waitpid>(2) call."
10126 #. type: Plain text
10127 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1235
10129 "The kernel behavior described in the previous paragraph causes a problem "
10130 "with transparent handling of stopping signals. If the tracer restarts the "
10131 "tracee after group-stop, the stopping signal is effectively ignored\\(emthe "
10132 "tracee doesn't remain stopped, it runs. If the tracer doesn't restart the "
10133 "tracee before entering into the next B<waitpid>(2), future B<SIGCONT> "
10134 "signals will not be reported to the tracer; this would cause the B<SIGCONT> "
10135 "signals to have no effect on the tracee."
10138 #. type: Plain text
10139 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1246
10141 "Since Linux 3.4, there is a method to overcome this problem: instead of "
10142 "B<PTRACE_CONT>, a B<PTRACE_LISTEN> command can be used to restart a tracee "
10143 "in a way where it does not execute, but waits for a new event which it can "
10144 "report via B<waitpid>(2) (such as when it is restarted by a B<SIGCONT>)."
10148 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1246
10150 msgid "PTRACE_EVENT stops"
10153 #. type: Plain text
10154 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1252
10156 "If the tracer sets B<PTRACE_O_TRACE_*> options, the tracee will enter ptrace-"
10157 "stops called B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops."
10160 #. type: Plain text
10161 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1266
10163 "B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops are observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning "
10164 "with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)>, and I<WSTOPSIG(status)> returns B<SIGTRAP>. An "
10165 "additional bit is set in the higher byte of the status word: the value "
10166 "I<statusE<gt>E<gt>8> will be"
10169 #. type: Plain text
10170 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1268
10172 msgid " (SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_foo E<lt>E<lt> 8).\n"
10175 #. type: Plain text
10176 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1270
10177 msgid "The following events exist:"
10181 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1270
10183 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>"
10184 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>"
10186 #. type: Plain text
10187 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1283
10189 "Stop before return from B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> "
10190 "flag. When the tracee is continued after this stop, it will wait for child "
10191 "to exit/exec before continuing its execution (in other words, the usual "
10192 "behavior on B<vfork>(2))."
10196 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1283
10198 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
10199 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
10201 #. type: Plain text
10202 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1291
10204 "Stop before return from B<fork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set "
10209 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1291
10211 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
10212 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
10214 #. type: Plain text
10215 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1295
10216 msgid "Stop before return from B<clone>(2)."
10220 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1295
10222 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>"
10223 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>"
10225 #. type: Plain text
10226 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1305
10228 "Stop before return from B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> "
10229 "flag, but after the child unblocked this tracee by exiting or execing."
10232 #. type: Plain text
10233 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1311
10235 "For all four stops described above, the stop occurs in the parent (i.e., the "
10236 "tracee), not in the newly created thread. B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> can be used "
10237 "to retrieve the new thread's ID."
10241 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1311
10243 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC>"
10244 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC>"
10246 #. type: Plain text
10247 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1318
10249 "Stop before return from B<execve>(2). Since Linux 3.0, "
10250 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> returns the former thread ID."
10254 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1318
10256 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>"
10257 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>"
10259 #. type: Plain text
10260 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1334
10262 "Stop before exit (including death from B<exit_group>(2)), signal death, or "
10263 "exit caused by B<execve>(2) in a multithreaded process. "
10264 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> returns the exit status. Registers can be examined "
10265 "(unlike when \"real\" exit happens). The tracee is still alive; it needs to "
10266 "be B<PTRACE_CONT>ed or B<PTRACE_DETACH>ed to finish exiting."
10270 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1334
10272 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>"
10273 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>"
10275 #. type: Plain text
10276 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1346
10278 "Stop induced by B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> command, or group-stop, or initial "
10279 "ptrace-stop when a new child is attached (only if attached using "
10280 "B<PTRACE_SEIZE>), or B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> if B<PTRACE_SEIZE> was used."
10284 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1346
10286 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>"
10287 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP>"
10288 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>"
10290 #. type: Plain text
10291 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1357
10293 "Stop triggered by a B<seccomp>(2) rule on tracee syscall entry when "
10294 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACESECCOMP> has been set by the tracer. The seccomp event "
10295 "message data (from the B<SECCOMP_RET_DATA> portion of the seccomp filter "
10296 "rule) can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
10299 #. type: Plain text
10300 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1369
10302 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> on B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops returns B<SIGTRAP> in "
10303 "I<si_signo>, with I<si_code> set to I<(eventE<lt>E<lt>8)\\ |\\ SIGTRAP>."
10307 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1369
10309 msgid "Syscall-stops"
10312 #. type: Plain text
10313 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1382
10315 "If the tracee was restarted by B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, the tracee enters syscall-"
10316 "enter-stop just prior to entering any system call. If the tracer restarts "
10317 "the tracee with B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, the tracee enters syscall-exit-stop when "
10318 "the system call is finished, or if it is interrupted by a signal. (That is, "
10319 "signal-delivery-stop never happens between syscall-enter-stop and syscall-"
10320 "exit-stop; it happens I<after> syscall-exit-stop.)"
10323 #. type: Plain text
10324 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1396
10326 "Other possibilities are that the tracee may stop in a B<PTRACE_EVENT> stop, "
10327 "exit (if it entered B<_exit>(2) or B<exit_group>(2)), be killed by "
10328 "B<SIGKILL>, or die silently (if it is a thread group leader, the "
10329 "B<execve>(2) happened in another thread, and that thread is not traced by "
10330 "the same tracer; this situation is discussed later)."
10333 #. type: Plain text
10334 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1411
10336 "Syscall-enter-stop and syscall-exit-stop are observed by the tracer as "
10337 "B<waitpid>(2) returning with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, and "
10338 "I<WSTOPSIG(status)> giving B<SIGTRAP>. If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> "
10339 "option was set by the tracer, then I<WSTOPSIG(status)> will give the value "
10340 "I<(SIGTRAP\\ |\\ 0x80)>."
10343 #. type: Plain text
10344 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1417
10346 "Syscall-stops can be distinguished from signal-delivery-stop with B<SIGTRAP> "
10347 "by querying B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for the following cases:"
10351 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1417
10353 msgid "I<si_code> E<lt>= 0"
10356 #. type: Plain text
10357 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1429
10359 "B<SIGTRAP> was delivered as a result of a user-space action, for example, a "
10360 "system call (B<tgkill>(2), B<kill>(2), B<sigqueue>(3), etc.), expiration of "
10361 "a POSIX timer, change of state on a POSIX message queue, or completion of an "
10362 "asynchronous I/O request."
10366 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1429
10368 msgid "I<si_code> == SI_KERNEL (0x80)"
10371 #. type: Plain text
10372 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1433
10373 msgid "B<SIGTRAP> was sent by the kernel."
10377 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1433
10379 msgid "I<si_code> == SIGTRAP or I<si_code> == (SIGTRAP|0x80)"
10382 #. type: Plain text
10383 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1436
10384 msgid "This is a syscall-stop."
10387 #. type: Plain text
10388 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1441
10390 "However, syscall-stops happen very often (twice per system call), and "
10391 "performing B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for every syscall-stop may be somewhat "
10395 #. type: Plain text
10396 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1464
10398 "Some architectures allow the cases to be distinguished by examining "
10399 "registers. For example, on x86, I<rax> == -B<ENOSYS> in syscall-enter-"
10400 "stop. Since B<SIGTRAP> (like any other signal) always happens I<after> "
10401 "syscall-exit-stop, and at this point I<rax> almost never contains -"
10402 "B<ENOSYS>, the B<SIGTRAP> looks like \"syscall-stop which is not syscall-"
10403 "enter-stop\"; in other words, it looks like a \"stray syscall-exit-stop\" "
10404 "and can be detected this way. But such detection is fragile and is best "
10408 #. type: Plain text
10409 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1470
10411 "Using the B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> option is the recommended method to "
10412 "distinguish syscall-stops from other kinds of ptrace-stops, since it is "
10413 "reliable and does not incur a performance penalty."
10416 #. type: Plain text
10417 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1481
10419 "Syscall-enter-stop and syscall-exit-stop are indistinguishable from each "
10420 "other by the tracer. The tracer needs to keep track of the sequence of "
10421 "ptrace-stops in order to not misinterpret syscall-enter-stop as syscall-exit-"
10422 "stop or vice versa. The rule is that syscall-enter-stop is always followed "
10423 "by syscall-exit-stop, B<PTRACE_EVENT> stop or the tracee's death; no other "
10424 "kinds of ptrace-stop can occur in between."
10427 #. type: Plain text
10428 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1486
10430 "If after syscall-enter-stop, the tracer uses a restarting command other than "
10431 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, syscall-exit-stop is not generated."
10434 #. type: Plain text
10435 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1498
10437 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> on syscall-stops returns B<SIGTRAP> in I<si_signo>, "
10438 "with I<si_code> set to B<SIGTRAP> or I<(SIGTRAP|0x80)>."
10442 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1498
10444 msgid "PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, PTRACE_SYSEMU, PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP stops"
10449 #. document stops occurring with PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, PTRACE_SYSEMU,
10450 #. PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP
10451 #. type: Plain text
10452 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1504
10453 msgid "[Details of these kinds of stops are yet to be documented.]"
10457 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1504
10459 msgid "Informational and restarting ptrace commands"
10462 #. type: Plain text
10463 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1514
10465 "Most ptrace commands (all except B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE>, "
10466 "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT>, and B<PTRACE_KILL>) require the "
10467 "tracee to be in a ptrace-stop, otherwise they fail with B<ESRCH>."
10470 #. type: Plain text
10471 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1519
10473 "When the tracee is in ptrace-stop, the tracer can read and write data to the "
10474 "tracee using informational commands. These commands leave the tracee in "
10475 "ptrace-stopped state:"
10478 #. type: Plain text
10479 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1531
10482 " ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKTEXT/PEEKDATA/PEEKUSER, pid, addr, 0);\n"
10483 " ptrace(PTRACE_POKETEXT/POKEDATA/POKEUSER, pid, addr, long_val);\n"
10484 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS/GETFPREGS, pid, 0, &struct);\n"
10485 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGS/SETFPREGS, pid, 0, &struct);\n"
10486 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGSET, pid, NT_foo, &iov);\n"
10487 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGSET, pid, NT_foo, &iov);\n"
10488 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo);\n"
10489 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo);\n"
10490 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG, pid, 0, &long_var);\n"
10491 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETOPTIONS, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
10494 #. type: Plain text
10495 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1543
10497 "Note that some errors are not reported. For example, setting signal "
10498 "information (I<siginfo>) may have no effect in some ptrace-stops, yet the "
10499 "call may succeed (return 0 and not set I<errno>); querying "
10500 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> may succeed and return some random value if current "
10501 "ptrace-stop is not documented as returning a meaningful event message."
10504 #. type: Plain text
10505 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1545
10509 #. type: Plain text
10510 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1547
10512 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_SETOPTIONS, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
10515 #. type: Plain text
10516 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1556
10518 "affects one tracee. The tracee's current flags are replaced. Flags are "
10519 "inherited by new tracees created and \"auto-attached\" via active "
10520 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK>, B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK>, or B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> "
10524 #. type: Plain text
10525 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1559
10527 "Another group of commands makes the ptrace-stopped tracee run. They have "
10531 #. type: Plain text
10532 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1561
10534 msgid " ptrace(cmd, pid, 0, sig);\n"
10537 #. type: Plain text
10538 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1582
10540 "where I<cmd> is B<PTRACE_CONT>, B<PTRACE_LISTEN>, B<PTRACE_DETACH>, "
10541 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, or "
10542 "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>. If the tracee is in signal-delivery-stop, "
10543 "I<sig> is the signal to be injected (if it is nonzero). Otherwise, I<sig> "
10544 "may be ignored. (When restarting a tracee from a ptrace-stop other than "
10545 "signal-delivery-stop, recommended practice is to always pass 0 in I<sig>.)"
10549 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1582
10551 msgid "Attaching and detaching"
10554 #. type: Plain text
10555 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1584
10556 msgid "A thread can be attached to the tracer using the call"
10559 #. type: Plain text
10560 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1586
10562 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, 0, 0);\n"
10565 #. type: Plain text
10566 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1588 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2090
10570 #. type: Plain text
10571 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1590
10573 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_SEIZE, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
10577 #. FIXME . Describe how to attach to a thread which is already group-stopped.
10578 #. type: Plain text
10579 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1614
10581 "B<PTRACE_ATTACH> sends B<SIGSTOP> to this thread. If the tracer wants this "
10582 "B<SIGSTOP> to have no effect, it needs to suppress it. Note that if other "
10583 "signals are concurrently sent to this thread during attach, the tracer may "
10584 "see the tracee enter signal-delivery-stop with other signal(s) first! The "
10585 "usual practice is to reinject these signals until B<SIGSTOP> is seen, then "
10586 "suppress B<SIGSTOP> injection. The design bug here is that a ptrace attach "
10587 "and a concurrently delivered B<SIGSTOP> may race and the concurrent "
10588 "B<SIGSTOP> may be lost."
10591 #. type: Plain text
10592 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1621
10594 "Since attaching sends B<SIGSTOP> and the tracer usually suppresses it, this "
10595 "may cause a stray B<EINTR> return from the currently executing system call "
10596 "in the tracee, as described in the \"Signal injection and suppression\" "
10600 #. type: Plain text
10601 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1633
10603 "Since Linux 3.4, B<PTRACE_SEIZE> can be used instead of B<PTRACE_ATTACH>. "
10604 "B<PTRACE_SEIZE> does not stop the attached process. If you need to stop it "
10605 "after attach (or at any other time) without sending it any signals, use "
10606 "B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> command."
10609 #. type: Plain text
10610 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1635
10611 msgid "The request"
10614 #. type: Plain text
10615 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1637
10617 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_TRACEME, 0, 0, 0);\n"
10620 #. type: Plain text
10621 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1643
10623 "turns the calling thread into a tracee. The thread continues to run "
10624 "(doesn't enter ptrace-stop). A common practice is to follow the "
10625 "B<PTRACE_TRACEME> with"
10628 #. type: Plain text
10629 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1645
10631 msgid " raise(SIGSTOP);\n"
10634 #. type: Plain text
10635 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1648
10637 "and allow the parent (which is our tracer now) to observe our signal-"
10641 #. type: Plain text
10642 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1672
10644 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK>, B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK>, or "
10645 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> options are in effect, then children created by, "
10646 "respectively, B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, "
10647 "B<fork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set to B<SIGCHLD>, and "
10648 "other kinds of B<clone>(2), are automatically attached to the same tracer "
10649 "which traced their parent. B<SIGSTOP> is delivered to the children, causing "
10650 "them to enter signal-delivery-stop after they exit the system call which "
10654 #. type: Plain text
10655 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1674
10656 msgid "Detaching of the tracee is performed by:"
10659 #. type: Plain text
10660 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1676
10662 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0, sig);\n"
10665 #. type: Plain text
10666 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1684
10668 "B<PTRACE_DETACH> is a restarting operation; therefore it requires the tracee "
10669 "to be in ptrace-stop. If the tracee is in signal-delivery-stop, a signal "
10670 "can be injected. Otherwise, the I<sig> parameter may be silently ignored."
10673 #. FIXME . Describe how to detach from a group-stopped tracee so that it
10674 #. doesn't run, but continues to wait for SIGCONT.
10675 #. type: Plain text
10676 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1708
10678 "If the tracee is running when the tracer wants to detach it, the usual "
10679 "solution is to send B<SIGSTOP> (using B<tgkill>(2), to make sure it goes to "
10680 "the correct thread), wait for the tracee to stop in signal-delivery-stop for "
10681 "B<SIGSTOP> and then detach it (suppressing B<SIGSTOP> injection). A design "
10682 "bug is that this can race with concurrent B<SIGSTOP>s. Another complication "
10683 "is that the tracee may enter other ptrace-stops and needs to be restarted "
10684 "and waited for again, until B<SIGSTOP> is seen. Yet another complication is "
10685 "to be sure that the tracee is not already ptrace-stopped, because no signal "
10686 "delivery happens while it is\\(emnot even B<SIGSTOP>."
10689 #. type: Plain text
10690 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1716
10692 "If the tracer dies, all tracees are automatically detached and restarted, "
10693 "unless they were in group-stop. Handling of restart from group-stop is "
10694 "currently buggy, but the \"as planned\" behavior is to leave tracee stopped "
10695 "and waiting for B<SIGCONT>. If the tracee is restarted from signal-delivery-"
10696 "stop, the pending signal is injected."
10700 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1716
10702 msgid "execve(2) under ptrace"
10706 #. clone(2) CLONE_THREAD says:
10707 #. If any of the threads in a thread group performs an execve(2),
10708 #. then all threads other than the thread group leader are terminated,
10709 #. and the new program is executed in the thread group leader.
10710 #. In kernel 3.1 sources, see fs/exec.c::de_thread()
10711 #. type: Plain text
10712 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1735
10714 "When one thread in a multithreaded process calls B<execve>(2), the kernel "
10715 "destroys all other threads in the process, and resets the thread ID of the "
10716 "execing thread to the thread group ID (process ID). (Or, to put things "
10717 "another way, when a multithreaded process does an B<execve>(2), at "
10718 "completion of the call, it appears as though the B<execve>(2) occurred in "
10719 "the thread group leader, regardless of which thread did the B<execve>(2).) "
10720 "This resetting of the thread ID looks very confusing to tracers:"
10723 #. type: Plain text
10724 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1745
10726 "All other threads stop in B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop, if the "
10727 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> option was turned on. Then all other threads except "
10728 "the thread group leader report death as if they exited via B<_exit>(2) with "
10732 #. type: Plain text
10733 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1753
10735 "The execing tracee changes its thread ID while it is in the B<execve>(2). "
10736 "(Remember, under ptrace, the \"pid\" returned from B<waitpid>(2), or fed "
10737 "into ptrace calls, is the tracee's thread ID.) That is, the tracee's thread "
10738 "ID is reset to be the same as its process ID, which is the same as the "
10739 "thread group leader's thread ID."
10742 #. type: Plain text
10743 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1759
10745 "Then a B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop happens, if the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> "
10746 "option was turned on."
10749 #. type: Plain text
10750 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1780
10752 "If the thread group leader has reported its B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop by "
10753 "this time, it appears to the tracer that the dead thread leader \"reappears "
10754 "from nowhere\". (Note: the thread group leader does not report death via "
10755 "I<WIFEXITED(status)> until there is at least one other live thread. This "
10756 "eliminates the possibility that the tracer will see it dying and then "
10757 "reappearing.) If the thread group leader was still alive, for the tracer "
10758 "this may look as if thread group leader returns from a different system call "
10759 "than it entered, or even \"returned from a system call even though it was "
10760 "not in any system call\". If the thread group leader was not traced (or was "
10761 "traced by a different tracer), then during B<execve>(2) it will appear as "
10762 "if it has become a tracee of the tracer of the execing tracee."
10765 #. type: Plain text
10766 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1783
10768 "All of the above effects are the artifacts of the thread ID change in the "
10772 #. type: Plain text
10773 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1803
10775 "The B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is the recommended tool for dealing with "
10776 "this situation. First, it enables B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop, which occurs "
10777 "before B<execve>(2) returns. In this stop, the tracer can use "
10778 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> to retrieve the tracee's former thread ID. (This "
10779 "feature was introduced in Linux 3.0). Second, the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> "
10780 "option disables legacy B<SIGTRAP> generation on B<execve>(2)."
10783 #. type: Plain text
10784 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1809
10786 "When the tracer receives B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop notification, it is "
10787 "guaranteed that except this tracee and the thread group leader, no other "
10788 "threads from the process are alive."
10791 #. type: Plain text
10792 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1817
10794 "On receiving the B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop notification, the tracer should "
10795 "clean up all its internal data structures describing the threads of this "
10796 "process, and retain only one data structure\\(emone which describes the "
10797 "single still running tracee, with"
10800 #. type: Plain text
10801 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1819
10803 msgid " thread ID == thread group ID == process ID.\n"
10806 #. type: Plain text
10807 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1823
10808 msgid "Example: two threads call B<execve>(2) at the same time:"
10811 #. type: Plain text
10812 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1834
10815 "*** we get syscall-enter-stop in thread 1: **\n"
10816 "PID1 execve(\"/bin/foo\", \"foo\" E<lt>unfinished ...E<gt>\n"
10817 "*** we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL for thread 1 **\n"
10818 "*** we get syscall-enter-stop in thread 2: **\n"
10819 "PID2 execve(\"/bin/bar\", \"bar\" E<lt>unfinished ...E<gt>\n"
10820 "*** we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL for thread 2 **\n"
10821 "*** we get PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC for PID0, we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL **\n"
10822 "*** we get syscall-exit-stop for PID0: **\n"
10823 "PID0 E<lt>... execve resumedE<gt> ) = 0\n"
10826 #. type: Plain text
10827 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1857
10829 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is I<not> in effect for the execing "
10830 "tracee, the kernel delivers an extra B<SIGTRAP> to the tracee after "
10831 "B<execve>(2) returns. This is an ordinary signal (similar to one which can "
10832 "be generated by I<kill -TRAP>), not a special kind of ptrace-stop. "
10833 "Employing B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for this signal returns I<si_code> set to 0 "
10834 "(I<SI_USER>). This signal may be blocked by signal mask, and thus may be "
10835 "delivered (much) later."
10838 #. type: Plain text
10839 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1876
10841 "Usually, the tracer (for example, B<strace>(1)) would not want to show this "
10842 "extra post-execve B<SIGTRAP> signal to the user, and would suppress its "
10843 "delivery to the tracee (if B<SIGTRAP> is set to B<SIG_DFL>, it is a killing "
10844 "signal). However, determining I<which> B<SIGTRAP> to suppress is not easy. "
10845 "Setting the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option and thus suppressing this extra "
10846 "B<SIGTRAP> is the recommended approach."
10850 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1876
10852 msgid "Real parent"
10855 #. type: Plain text
10856 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1883
10858 "The ptrace API (ab)uses the standard UNIX parent/child signaling over "
10859 "B<waitpid>(2). This used to cause the real parent of the process to stop "
10860 "receiving several kinds of B<waitpid>(2) notifications when the child "
10861 "process is traced by some other process."
10864 #. type: Plain text
10865 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1886
10867 "Many of these bugs have been fixed, but as of Linux 2.6.38 several still "
10868 "exist; see BUGS below."
10871 #. type: Plain text
10872 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1888
10873 msgid "As of Linux 2.6.38, the following is believed to work correctly:"
10876 #. type: Plain text
10877 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1896
10879 "exit/death by signal is reported first to the tracer, then, when the tracer "
10880 "consumes the B<waitpid>(2) result, to the real parent (to the real parent "
10881 "only when the whole multithreaded process exits). If the tracer and the "
10882 "real parent are the same process, the report is sent only once."
10885 #. type: Plain text
10886 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1901
10888 "On success, the B<PTRACE_PEEK*> requests return the requested data (but see "
10889 "NOTES), while other requests return zero."
10892 #. type: Plain text
10893 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1911
10896 #| "On success, B<PTRACE_PEEK*> requests return the requested data, while "
10897 #| "other requests return zero. On error, all requests return -1, and "
10898 #| "I<errno> is set appropriately. Since the value returned by a successful "
10899 #| "B<PTRACE_PEEK*> request may be -1, the caller must check I<errno> after "
10900 #| "such requests to determine whether or not an error occurred."
10902 "On error, all requests return -1, and I<errno> is set appropriately. Since "
10903 "the value returned by a successful B<PTRACE_PEEK*> request may be -1, the "
10904 "caller must clear I<errno> before the call, and then check it afterward to "
10905 "determine whether or not an error occurred."
10907 "成功すると、 B<PTRACE_PEEK*> の場合は要求したデータを返し、 それ以外の場合は "
10908 "0 を返す。 エラーの場合は -1 を返し、 I<errno> が適切に設定される。 "
10909 "B<PTRACE_PEEK*> が成功して返す値も -1 になることがあるため、 そのような要求"
10910 "の場合には、呼び出し元は I<errno> を調べ、エラーか発生したのかどうかを判断し"
10913 #. type: Plain text
10914 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1915
10916 "(i386 only) There was an error with allocating or freeing a debug register."
10917 msgstr "(i386 のみ) デバッグレジスタの確保または解放でエラーが発生した。"
10919 #. type: Plain text
10920 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1926
10923 #| "There was an attempt to read from or write to an invalid area in the "
10924 #| "parent's or child's memory, probably because the area wasn't mapped or "
10925 #| "accessible. Unfortunately, under Linux, different variations of this "
10926 #| "fault will return B<EIO> or B<EFAULT> more or less arbitrarily."
10928 "There was an attempt to read from or write to an invalid area in the "
10929 "tracer's or the tracee's memory, probably because the area wasn't mapped or "
10930 "accessible. Unfortunately, under Linux, different variations of this fault "
10931 "will return B<EIO> or B<EFAULT> more or less arbitrarily."
10933 "親プロセスまたは子プロセスのメモリの不正な領域に読み書きしようとした。 おそら"
10934 "くその領域がマッピングされていないか、 その領域へのアクセスが許されていないか"
10935 "である。 不運なことに、Linux ではこのようなエラーの場合、多かれ少なかれ 恣意"
10936 "的に B<EIO> を返したり B<EFAULT> を返したりすることがある。"
10938 #. type: Plain text
10939 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1929
10940 msgid "An attempt was made to set an invalid option."
10941 msgstr "不正なオプションを設定しようとした。"
10943 #. type: Plain text
10944 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1936
10947 #| "I<request> is invalid, or an attempt was made to read from or write to an "
10948 #| "invalid area in the parent's or child's memory, or there was a word-"
10949 #| "alignment violation, or an invalid signal was specified during a restart "
10952 "I<request> is invalid, or an attempt was made to read from or write to an "
10953 "invalid area in the tracer's or the tracee's memory, or there was a word-"
10954 "alignment violation, or an invalid signal was specified during a restart "
10957 "I<request> が不正である。 または、親プロセスまたは子プロセスのメモリの 不正な"
10958 "領域に読み書きしようとした。 または、ワード境界違反があった。 または、実行再"
10959 "開の要求で不正なシグナルを指定した。"
10961 #. type: Plain text
10962 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1949
10965 #| "The specified process cannot be traced. This could be because the parent "
10966 #| "has insufficient privileges (the required capability is "
10967 #| "B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>); unprivileged processes cannot trace processes that "
10968 #| "they cannot send signals to or those running set-user-ID/set-group-ID "
10969 #| "programs, for obvious reasons. Alternatively, the process may already be "
10970 #| "being traced, or be B<init>(8) (PID 1)."
10972 "The specified process cannot be traced. This could be because the tracer "
10973 "has insufficient privileges (the required capability is B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>); "
10974 "unprivileged processes cannot trace processes that they cannot send signals "
10975 "to or those running set-user-ID/set-group-ID programs, for obvious reasons. "
10976 "Alternatively, the process may already be being traced, or (on kernels "
10977 "before 2.6.26) be B<init>(1) (PID 1)."
10979 "指定したプロセスをトレースすることができない。これは親プロセスが 必要な権限 "
10980 "(必要なケーパビリティは B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>) を持っていないことが原因の場合が"
10981 "ある。 分かりやすい理由を挙げるなら、 非特権プロセスはシグナルを送ることがで"
10982 "きないプロセスをトレースできないし、 set-user-ID/set-group-ID プログラムを実"
10983 "行しているプロセスはトレースできない。 または、プロセスはすでにトレース中であ"
10984 "る、 または B<init>(8) プロセス (PID が 1) である。"
10986 #. type: Plain text
10987 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1954
10990 #| "The specified process does not exist, or is not currently being traced by "
10991 #| "the caller, or is not stopped (for requests that require that)."
10993 "The specified process does not exist, or is not currently being traced by "
10994 "the caller, or is not stopped (for requests that require a stopped tracee)."
10996 "指定したプロセスが存在しない。 または、指定したプロセスは呼び出したプロセス"
10997 "が 現在トレース中の子プロセスではない。 または、指定したプロセスが停止してい"
10998 "ない (停止していることが必要な要求の場合)。"
11000 #. type: Plain text
11001 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1956
11002 msgid "SVr4, 4.3BSD."
11003 msgstr "SVr4, 4.3BSD."
11005 #. type: Plain text
11006 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1971
11009 #| "Although arguments to B<ptrace>() are interpreted according to the "
11010 #| "prototype given, glibc currently declares B<ptrace>() as a variadic "
11011 #| "function with only the I<request> argument fixed. This means that "
11012 #| "unneeded trailing arguments may be omitted, though doing so makes use of "
11013 #| "undocumented B<gcc>(1) behavior."
11015 "Although arguments to B<ptrace>() are interpreted according to the "
11016 "prototype given, glibc currently declares B<ptrace>() as a variadic "
11017 "function with only the I<request> argument fixed. It is recommended to "
11018 "always supply four arguments, even if the requested operation does not use "
11019 "them, setting unused/ignored arguments to I<0L> or I<(void\\ *)\\ 0>."
11021 "B<ptrace>() の引き数は上のようなプロトタイプに基づいて解釈されるが、 glibc "
11022 "では、現在のところ B<ptrace>() は I<request> 引き数だけが固定の可変長引き数"
11023 "関数として 宣言されている。 これは必要なければ残りの引き数は省略可能であるこ"
11024 "とを意味するが、 それは B<gcc>(1) の明文化されていない動作を利用していること"
11027 #. See commit 00cd5c37afd5f431ac186dd131705048c0a11fdb
11028 #. type: Plain text
11029 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1976
11031 "In Linux kernels before 2.6.26, B<init>(1), the process with PID 1, may not "
11034 "バージョン 2.6.26 より前の Linux カーネルでは、 B<init>(1) すなわち PID が 1 "
11035 "のプロセスはトレースすることができない。"
11037 #. See http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/5/8/375
11038 #. type: Plain text
11039 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1983
11041 "The layout of the contents of memory and the USER area are quite operating-"
11042 "system- and architecture-specific. The offset supplied, and the data "
11043 "returned, might not entirely match with the definition of I<struct user>."
11045 "メモリや USER 領域の内容や配置はオペレーティングシステムごと、アーキテクチャ"
11046 "ごとに 非常に依存する。 オフセットが指定された場合、返されるデータは "
11047 "I<struct user> の定義と完全に一致しないこともありえる。"
11049 #. type: Plain text
11050 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1986
11052 "The size of a \"word\" is determined by the operating-system variant (e.g., "
11053 "for 32-bit Linux it is 32 bits)."
11055 "「ワード (word) 」の大きさはオペレーティングシステムによって決まる。 (例え"
11056 "ば、32 ビットの Linux では 32 ビットである、など。)"
11058 #. type: Plain text
11059 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1994
11061 "This page documents the way the B<ptrace>() call works currently in Linux. "
11062 "Its behavior differs significantly on other flavors of UNIX. In any case, "
11063 "use of B<ptrace>() is highly specific to the operating system and "
11066 "このマニュアルは現在の Linux における B<ptrace>() コールの動作について記述し"
11067 "ている。他の UNIX では その動作は著しく異なる。 いかなる場合も B<ptrace>() "
11068 "を使うとオペレーションシステムやアーキテクチャに非常に依存したものになる。"
11071 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1994
11073 msgid "C library/kernel ABI differences"
11074 msgstr "C ライブラリとカーネル ABI の違い"
11076 #. type: Plain text
11077 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2006
11079 "At the system call level, the B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT>, B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>, and "
11080 "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER> requests have a different API: they store the result at "
11081 "the address specified by the I<data> parameter, and the return value is the "
11082 "error flag. The glibc wrapper function provides the API given in "
11083 "DESCRIPTION above, with the result being returned via the function return "
11087 #. type: Plain text
11088 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2017
11090 "On hosts with 2.6 kernel headers, B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> is declared with a "
11091 "different value than the one for 2.4. This leads to applications compiled "
11092 "with 2.6 kernel headers failing when run on 2.4 kernels. This can be worked "
11093 "around by redefining B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> to B<PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS>, if "
11096 "カーネル 2.6 のヘッダがインストールされたホストでは、 B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> は"
11097 "カーネル 2.4 のヘッダとは異なる値で宣言される。 このため、カーネル 2.6 のヘッ"
11098 "ダでコンパイルされたアプリケーションは カーネル 2.4 では正しく動作しない。 こ"
11099 "の問題は、 B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> が定義されていた際は、 B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> "
11100 "を B<PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS> に定義し直すことで対処できる。"
11102 #. type: Plain text
11103 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2020
11105 "Group-stop notifications are sent to the tracer, but not to real parent. "
11106 "Last confirmed on 2.6.38.6."
11109 #. Note from Denys Vlasenko:
11110 #. Here "exits" means any kind of death - _exit, exit_group,
11111 #. signal death. Signal death and exit_group cases are trivial,
11112 #. though: since signal death and exit_group kill all other threads
11113 #. too, "until all other threads exit" thing happens rather soon
11114 #. in these cases. Therefore, only _exit presents observably
11115 #. puzzling behavior to ptrace users: thread leader _exit's,
11116 #. but WIFEXITED isn't reported! We are trying to explain here
11118 #. FIXME . need to test/verify this scenario
11119 #. type: Plain text
11120 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2051
11122 "If a thread group leader is traced and exits by calling B<_exit>(2), a "
11123 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop will happen for it (if requested), but the "
11124 "subsequent B<WIFEXITED> notification will not be delivered until all other "
11125 "threads exit. As explained above, if one of other threads calls "
11126 "B<execve>(2), the death of the thread group leader will I<never> be "
11127 "reported. If the execed thread is not traced by this tracer, the tracer "
11128 "will never know that B<execve>(2) happened. One possible workaround is to "
11129 "B<PTRACE_DETACH> the thread group leader instead of restarting it in this "
11130 "case. Last confirmed on 2.6.38.6."
11133 #. type: Plain text
11134 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2061
11136 "A B<SIGKILL> signal may still cause a B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop before "
11137 "actual signal death. This may be changed in the future; B<SIGKILL> is meant "
11138 "to always immediately kill tasks even under ptrace. Last confirmed on "
11142 #. type: Plain text
11143 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2079
11145 "Some system calls return with B<EINTR> if a signal was sent to a tracee, but "
11146 "delivery was suppressed by the tracer. (This is very typical operation: it "
11147 "is usually done by debuggers on every attach, in order to not introduce a "
11148 "bogus B<SIGSTOP>). As of Linux 3.2.9, the following system calls are "
11149 "affected (this list is likely incomplete): B<epoll_wait>(2), and B<read>(2) "
11150 "from an B<inotify>(7) file descriptor. The usual symptom of this bug is "
11151 "that when you attach to a quiescent process with the command"
11154 #. type: Plain text
11155 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2081
11157 msgid " strace -p E<lt>process-IDE<gt>\n"
11160 #. type: Plain text
11161 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2084
11162 msgid "then, instead of the usual and expected one-line output such as"
11165 #. type: Plain text
11166 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2087
11168 msgid " restart_syscall(E<lt>... resuming interrupted call ...E<gt>_\n"
11171 #. type: Plain text
11172 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2093
11174 msgid " select(6, [5], NULL, [5], NULL_\n"
11177 #. type: Plain text
11178 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2097
11180 "('_' denotes the cursor position), you observe more than one line. For "
11184 #. type: Plain text
11185 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2101
11188 " clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, {15370, 690928118}) = 0\n"
11189 " epoll_wait(4,_\n"
11192 #. type: Plain text
11193 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2122
11195 "What is not visible here is that the process was blocked in "
11196 "B<epoll_wait>(2) before B<strace>(1) has attached to it. Attaching caused "
11197 "B<epoll_wait>(2) to return to user space with the error B<EINTR>. In this "
11198 "particular case, the program reacted to B<EINTR> by checking the current "
11199 "time, and then executing B<epoll_wait>(2) again. (Programs which do not "
11200 "expect such \"stray\" B<EINTR> errors may behave in an unintended way upon "
11201 "an B<strace>(1) attach.)"
11204 #. type: Plain text
11205 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2136
11208 #| "B<gdb>(1), B<strace>(1), B<clone>(2), B<execve>(2), B<fork>(2), "
11209 #| "B<gettid>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<tgkill>(2), B<vfork>(2), B<waitpid>(2), "
11210 #| "B<exec>(3), B<capabilities>(7), B<signal>(7)"
11212 "B<gdb>(1), B<strace>(1), B<clone>(2), B<execve>(2), B<fork>(2), "
11213 "B<gettid>(2), B<seccomp>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<tgkill>(2), B<vfork>(2), "
11214 "B<waitpid>(2), B<exec>(3), B<capabilities>(7), B<signal>(7)"
11216 "B<gdb>(1), B<strace>(1), B<clone>(2), B<execve>(2), B<fork>(2),\n"
11217 "B<gettid>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<tgkill>(2), B<vfork>(2),\n"
11218 "B<waitpid>(2), B<exec>(3), B<capabilities>(7), B<signal>(7)"
11221 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27
11227 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27
11230 msgstr "2010-06-16"
11232 #. type: Plain text
11233 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:30
11234 msgid "quotactl - manipulate disk quotas"
11235 msgstr "quotactl - ディスク quota を操作する"
11237 #. type: Plain text
11238 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:34
11241 "B<#include E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>\n"
11242 "B<#include E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>\n"
11244 "B<#include E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>\n"
11245 "B<#include E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>\n"
11247 #. type: Plain text
11248 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:37
11250 msgid "B<int quotactl(int >I<cmd>B<, const char *>I<special>B<, int >I<id>B<, caddr_t >I<addr>B<);>\n"
11251 msgstr "B<int quotactl(int >I<cmd>B<, const char *>I<special>B<, int >I<id>B<, caddr_t >I<addr>B<);>\n"
11253 #. type: Plain text
11254 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:49
11257 #| "The quota system defines for each user and/or group a soft limit and a "
11258 #| "hard limit bounding the amount of disk space that can be used on a given "
11259 #| "file system. The hard limit cannot be crossed. The soft limit can be "
11260 #| "crossed, but warnings will ensue. Moreover, the user cannot be above the "
11261 #| "soft limit for more than one week (by default) at a time: after this "
11262 #| "week the soft limit counts as hard limit."
11264 "The quota system can be used to set per-user and per-group limits on the "
11265 "amount of disk space used on a filesystem. For each user and/or group, a "
11266 "soft limit and a hard limit can be set for each filesystem. The hard limit "
11267 "can't be exceeded. The soft limit can be exceeded, but warnings will "
11268 "ensue. Moreover, the user can't exceed the soft limit for more than one "
11269 "week (by default) at a time; after this time, the soft limit counts as a "
11272 "quota システムは、各々のユーザ及び/またはグループに対して、 ソフト・リミット"
11273 "及びハード・リミットを定める。これはあるファイル・システムで 使用する事が出来"
11274 "るディスク容量を制限する。 ハード・リミットは超過することは出来ない。 ソフ"
11275 "ト・リミットは超過する事が出来るが、警告が発せられる。 更に、(デフォルトで"
11276 "は) 一週間以上ソフト・リミットを超過したままに しておく事はできない: 一週間経"
11277 "過した後はハード・リミットを超過したと みなされる。"
11279 #. type: Plain text
11280 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:74
11283 #| "The B<quotactl>() system call manipulates these quota. Its first "
11284 #| "argument is of the form B<QCMD(>I<subcmd>B<,>I<type>B<)> where I<type> is "
11285 #| "either B<USRQUOTA> or B<GRPQUOTA> (for user quota and group quota, "
11286 #| "respectively), and I<subcmd> is described below."
11288 "The B<quotactl>() call manipulates disk quotas. The I<cmd> argument "
11289 "indicates a command to be applied to the user or group ID specified in "
11290 "I<id>. To initialize the I<cmd> argument, use the I<QCMD(subcmd, type)> "
11291 "macro. The I<type> value is either B<USRQUOTA>, for user quotas, or "
11292 "B<GRPQUOTA>, for group quotas. The I<subcmd> value is described below."
11294 "B<quotactl>() システムコールはこれらの quota に対する操作を行なう。 最初の引"
11295 "き数は B<QCMD(>I<subcmd>B<,>I<type>B<)> という形式である。 I<type> には、ユー"
11296 "ザー quota については B<USRQUOTA> を、グループ quota については B<GRPQUOTA> "
11297 "を指定する。 I<subcmd> は以下で説明する。"
11299 #. type: Plain text
11300 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:79
11302 "The I<special> argument is a pointer to a null-terminated string containing "
11303 "the pathname of the (mounted) block special device for the filesystem being "
11307 #. type: Plain text
11308 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:87
11310 "The I<addr> argument is the address of an optional, command-specific, data "
11311 "structure that is copied in or out of the system. The interpretation of "
11312 "I<addr> is given with each command below."
11315 #. type: Plain text
11316 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:91
11317 msgid "The I<subcmd> value is one of the following:"
11318 msgstr "I<subcmd> の値は以下のいずれかである"
11321 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:91
11323 msgid "B<Q_QUOTAON>"
11324 msgstr "B<Q_QUOTAON>"
11326 #. type: Plain text
11327 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:98
11329 "Turn on quotas for a filesystem. The I<id> argument is the identification "
11330 "number of the quota format to be used. Currently, there are three supported "
11335 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:99
11337 msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_OLD>"
11340 #. type: Plain text
11341 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:102
11342 msgid "The original quota format."
11346 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:102
11348 msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_V0>"
11351 #. type: Plain text
11352 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:106
11354 "The standard VFS v0 quota format, which can handle 32-bit UIDs and GIDs and "
11355 "quota limits up to 2^42 bytes and 2^32 inodes."
11359 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:106
11361 msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_V1>"
11364 #. type: Plain text
11365 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:110
11367 "A quota format that can handle 32-bit UIDs and GIDs and quota limits of 2^64 "
11368 "bytes and 2^64 inodes."
11371 #. type: Plain text
11372 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:121
11374 "The I<addr> argument points to the pathname of a file containing the quotas "
11375 "for the filesystem. The quota file must exist; it is normally created with "
11376 "the B<quotacheck>(8) program. This operation requires privilege "
11377 "(B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
11381 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:121
11383 msgid "B<Q_QUOTAOFF>"
11384 msgstr "B<Q_QUOTAOFF>"
11386 #. type: Plain text
11387 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:131
11389 "Turn off quotas for a filesystem. The I<addr> and I<id> arguments are "
11390 "ignored. This operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
11394 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:131
11396 msgid "B<Q_GETQUOTA>"
11397 msgstr "B<Q_GETQUOTA>"
11399 #. type: Plain text
11400 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:142
11403 #| "Get limits and current usage of disk space. The I<addr> argument is a "
11404 #| "pointer to a dqblk structure (defined in I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>)."
11406 "Get disk quota limits and current usage for user or group I<id>. The "
11407 "I<addr> argument is a pointer to a I<dqblk> structure defined in I<E<lt>sys/"
11408 "quota.hE<gt>> as follows:"
11410 "ディスク使用量の制限値と現在の使用量を得る。 I<addr> 引き数は (I<E<lt>sys/"
11411 "quota.hE<gt>> で定義された) dqblk 構造体を指すポインタである。"
11413 #. type: Plain text
11414 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:147 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:234
11417 "/* uint64_t is an unsigned 64-bit integer;\n"
11418 " uint32_t is an unsigned 32-bit integer */\n"
11421 #. type: Plain text
11422 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:167
11425 "struct dqblk { /* Definition since Linux 2.4.22 */\n"
11426 " uint64_t dqb_bhardlimit; /* absolute limit on disk\n"
11427 " quota blocks alloc */\n"
11428 " uint64_t dqb_bsoftlimit; /* preferred limit on\n"
11429 " disk quota blocks */\n"
11430 " uint64_t dqb_curspace; /* current quota block\n"
11432 " uint64_t dqb_ihardlimit; /* maximum number of\n"
11433 " allocated inodes */\n"
11434 " uint64_t dqb_isoftlimit; /* preferred inode limit */\n"
11435 " uint64_t dqb_curinodes; /* current number of\n"
11436 " allocated inodes */\n"
11437 " uint64_t dqb_btime; /* time limit for excessive\n"
11439 " uint64_t dqb_itime; /* time limit for excessive\n"
11441 " uint32_t dqb_valid; /* bit mask of QIF_*\n"
11446 #. type: Plain text
11447 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:170
11450 "/* Flags in dqb_valid that indicate which fields in\n"
11451 " dqblk structure are valid. */\n"
11454 #. type: Plain text
11455 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:181
11458 "#define QIF_BLIMITS 1\n"
11459 "#define QIF_SPACE 2\n"
11460 "#define QIF_ILIMITS 4\n"
11461 "#define QIF_INODES 8\n"
11462 "#define QIF_BTIME 16\n"
11463 "#define QIF_ITIME 32\n"
11464 "#define QIF_LIMITS (QIF_BLIMITS | QIF_ILIMITS)\n"
11465 "#define QIF_USAGE (QIF_SPACE | QIF_INODES)\n"
11466 "#define QIF_TIMES (QIF_BTIME | QIF_ITIME)\n"
11467 "#define QIF_ALL (QIF_LIMITS | QIF_USAGE | QIF_TIMES)\n"
11470 #. type: Plain text
11471 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:198
11473 "The I<dqb_valid> field is a bit mask that is set to indicate the entries in "
11474 "the I<dqblk> structure that are valid. Currently, the kernel fills in all "
11475 "entries of the I<dqblk> structure and marks them as valid in the "
11476 "I<dqb_valid> field. Unprivileged users may retrieve only their own quotas; "
11477 "a privileged user (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) can retrieve the quotas of any user."
11481 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:198
11483 msgid "B<Q_SETQUOTA>"
11484 msgstr "B<Q_SETQUOTA>"
11486 #. type: Plain text
11487 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:218
11489 "Set quota information for user or group I<id>, using the information "
11490 "supplied in the I<dqblk> structure pointed to by I<addr>. The I<dqb_valid> "
11491 "field of the I<dqblk> structure indicates which entries in the structure "
11492 "have been set by the caller. This operation supersedes the B<Q_SETQLIM> and "
11493 "B<Q_SETUSE> operations in the previous quota interfaces. This operation "
11494 "requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
11498 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:218
11500 msgid "B<Q_GETINFO>"
11501 msgstr "B<Q_GETINFO>"
11503 #. type: Plain text
11504 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:229
11507 #| "Get limits and current usage of disk space. The I<addr> argument is a "
11508 #| "pointer to a dqblk structure (defined in I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>)."
11510 "Get information (like grace times) about quotafile. The I<addr> argument "
11511 "should be a pointer to a I<dqinfo> structure. This structure is defined in "
11512 "I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>> as follows:"
11514 "ディスク使用量の制限値と現在の使用量を得る。 I<addr> 引き数は (I<E<lt>sys/"
11515 "quota.hE<gt>> で定義された) dqblk 構造体を指すポインタである。"
11517 #. type: Plain text
11518 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:238
11521 "struct dqinfo { /* Defined since kernel 2.4.22 */\n"
11522 " uint64_t dqi_bgrace; /* Time before block soft limit\n"
11523 " becomes hard limit */\n"
11525 "struct dqinfo { /* Defined since kernel 2.4.22 */\n"
11526 " uint64_t dqi_bgrace; /* Time before block soft limit\n"
11527 " becomes hard limit */\n"
11529 #. type: Plain text
11530 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:245
11533 " uint64_t dqi_igrace; /* Time before inode soft limit\n"
11534 " becomes hard limit */\n"
11535 " uint32_t dqi_flags; /* Flags for quotafile\n"
11537 " uint32_t dqi_valid;\n"
11540 " uint64_t dqi_igrace; /* Time before inode soft limit\n"
11541 " becomes hard limit */\n"
11542 " uint32_t dqi_flags; /* Flags for quotafile\n"
11544 " uint32_t dqi_valid;\n"
11547 #. type: Plain text
11548 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:247
11550 msgid "/* Bits for dqi_flags */\n"
11551 msgstr "/* Bits for dqi_flags */\n"
11553 #. type: Plain text
11554 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:249
11556 msgid "/* Quota format QFMT_VFS_OLD */\n"
11557 msgstr "/* Quota format QFMT_VFS_OLD */\n"
11559 #. type: Plain text
11560 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:251
11562 msgid "#define V1_DQF_RSQUASH\t1 /* Root squash enabled */\n"
11563 msgstr "#define V1_DQF_RSQUASH\t1 /* Root squash enabled */\n"
11565 #. type: Plain text
11566 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:253
11568 msgid "/* Other quota formats have no dqi_flags bits defined */\n"
11569 msgstr "/* Other quota formats have no dqi_flags bits defined */\n"
11571 #. type: Plain text
11572 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:256
11575 "/* Flags in dqi_valid that indicate which fields in\n"
11576 " dqinfo structure are valid. */\n"
11578 "/* Flags in dqi_valid that indicate which fields in\n"
11579 " dqinfo structure are valid. */\n"
11581 #. type: Plain text
11582 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:261
11585 "# define IIF_BGRACE\t1\n"
11586 "# define IIF_IGRACE\t2\n"
11587 "# define IIF_FLAGS\t4\n"
11588 "# define IIF_ALL (IIF_BGRACE | IIF_IGRACE | IIF_FLAGS)\n"
11590 "# define IIF_BGRACE\t1\n"
11591 "# define IIF_IGRACE\t2\n"
11592 "# define IIF_FLAGS\t4\n"
11593 "# define IIF_ALL (IIF_BGRACE | IIF_IGRACE | IIF_FLAGS)\n"
11595 #. type: Plain text
11596 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:277
11598 "The I<dqi_valid> field in the I<dqinfo> structure indicates the entries in "
11599 "the structure that are valid. Currently, the kernel fills in all entries of "
11600 "the I<dqinfo> structure and marks them all as valid in the I<dqi_valid> "
11601 "field. The I<id> argument is ignored."
11605 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:277
11607 msgid "B<Q_SETINFO>"
11608 msgstr "B<Q_SETINFO>"
11610 #. type: Plain text
11611 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:301
11613 "Set information about quotafile. The I<addr> argument should be a pointer "
11614 "to a I<dqinfo> structure. The I<dqi_valid> field of the I<dqinfo> structure "
11615 "indicates the entries in the structure that have been set by the caller. "
11616 "This operation supersedes the B<Q_SETGRACE> and B<Q_SETFLAGS> operations in "
11617 "the previous quota interfaces. The I<id> argument is ignored. This "
11618 "operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
11622 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:301
11624 msgid "B<Q_GETFMT>"
11625 msgstr "B<Q_GETFMT>"
11627 #. type: Plain text
11628 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:308
11630 "Get quota format used on the specified filesystem. The I<addr> argument "
11631 "should be a pointer to a 4-byte buffer where the format number will be "
11636 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:308
11641 #. type: Plain text
11642 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:319
11644 "Update the on-disk copy of quota usages for a filesystem. If I<special> is "
11645 "NULL, then all filesystems with active quotas are sync'ed. The I<addr> and "
11646 "I<id> arguments are ignored."
11650 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:319
11652 msgid "B<Q_GETSTATS>"
11653 msgstr "B<Q_GETSTATS>"
11655 #. Q_GETSTATS was removed in kernel 2.4.22.
11656 #. type: Plain text
11657 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:339
11659 "Get statistics and other generic information about the quota subsystem. The "
11660 "I<addr> argument should be a pointer to a I<dqstats> structure in which data "
11661 "should be stored. This structure is defined in I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>. "
11662 "The I<special> and I<id> arguments are ignored. This operation is obsolete "
11663 "and not supported by recent kernels. Files in I</proc/sys/fs/quota/> carry "
11664 "the information instead."
11667 #. type: Plain text
11668 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:342
11670 "For XFS filesystems making use of the XFS Quota Manager (XQM), the above "
11671 "commands are bypassed and the following commands are used:"
11675 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:342
11677 msgid "B<Q_XQUOTAON>"
11678 msgstr "B<Q_XQUOTAON>"
11680 #. type: Plain text
11681 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:363
11683 "Turn on quotas for an XFS filesystem. XFS provides the ability to turn on/"
11684 "off quota limit enforcement with quota accounting. Therefore, XFS expects "
11685 "I<addr> to be a pointer to an I<unsigned int> that contains either the flags "
11686 "B<XFS_QUOTA_UDQ_ACCT> and/or B<XFS_QUOTA_UDQ_ENFD> (for user quota), or "
11687 "B<XFS_QUOTA_GDQ_ACCT> and/or B<XFS_QUOTA_GDQ_ENFD> (for group quota), as "
11688 "defined in I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>. This operation requires privilege "
11689 "(B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
11693 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:363
11695 msgid "B<Q_XQUOTAOFF>"
11696 msgstr "B<Q_XQUOTAOFF>"
11698 #. type: Plain text
11699 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:374
11701 "Turn off quotas for an XFS filesystem. As with B<Q_QUOTAON>, XFS "
11702 "filesystems expect a pointer to an I<unsigned int> that specifies whether "
11703 "quota accounting and/or limit enforcement need to be turned off. This "
11704 "operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
11708 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:374
11710 msgid "B<Q_XGETQUOTA>"
11711 msgstr "B<Q_XGETQUOTA>"
11713 #. type: Plain text
11714 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:388
11716 "Get disk quota limits and current usage for user I<id>. The I<addr> "
11717 "argument is a pointer to an I<fs_disk_quota> structure (defined in "
11718 "I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>). Unprivileged users may retrieve only their own "
11719 "quotas; a privileged user (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) may retrieve the quotas of any "
11724 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:388
11726 msgid "B<Q_XSETQLIM>"
11727 msgstr "B<Q_XSETQLIM>"
11729 #. type: Plain text
11730 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:400
11732 "Set disk quota limits for user I<id>. The I<addr> argument is a pointer to "
11733 "an I<fs_disk_quota> structure (defined in I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>). This "
11734 "operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
11738 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:400
11740 msgid "B<Q_XGETQSTAT>"
11741 msgstr "B<Q_XGETQSTAT>"
11743 #. type: Plain text
11744 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:408
11746 "Returns an I<fs_quota_stat> structure containing XFS filesystem-specific "
11747 "quota information. This is useful for finding out how much space is used to "
11748 "store quota information, and also to get quotaon/off status of a given local "
11753 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:408
11755 msgid "B<Q_XQUOTARM>"
11756 msgstr "B<Q_XQUOTARM>"
11758 #. type: Plain text
11759 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:412
11761 "Free the disk space taken by disk quotas. Quotas must have already been "
11765 #. type: Plain text
11766 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:419
11768 "There is no command equivalent to B<Q_SYNC> for XFS since B<sync>(1) writes "
11769 "quota information to disk (in addition to the other filesystem metadata that "
11773 #. type: Plain text
11774 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:427
11776 "On success, B<quotactl>() returns 0; on error -1 is returned, and I<errno> "
11777 "is set to indicate the error."
11779 "成功すると、 B<quotactl>() は 0 を返す。\n"
11780 "エラーの場合、-1 を返し、 I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
11782 #. type: Plain text
11783 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:434
11784 msgid "I<addr> or I<special> is invalid."
11787 #. type: Plain text
11788 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:440
11789 msgid "I<cmd> or I<type> is invalid."
11792 #. type: Plain text
11793 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:447
11794 msgid "The file specified by I<special> or I<addr> does not exist."
11797 #. type: Plain text
11798 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:452
11799 msgid "The kernel has not been compiled with the B<CONFIG_QUOTA> option."
11803 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:452
11806 msgstr "B<ENOTBLK>"
11808 #. type: Plain text
11809 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:456
11810 msgid "I<special> is not a block device."
11811 msgstr "I<special> がブロックデバイスではない。"
11813 #. type: Plain text
11814 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:461
11816 "The caller lacked the required privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) for the "
11817 "specified operation."
11820 #. type: Plain text
11821 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:465
11823 "No disk quota is found for the indicated user. Quotas have not been turned "
11824 "on for this filesystem."
11827 #. type: Plain text
11828 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:474
11829 msgid "If I<cmd> is B<Q_SETQUOTA>, B<quotactl>() may also set I<errno> to:"
11832 #. type: Plain text
11833 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:477
11834 msgid "Specified limits are out of range allowed by quota format."
11837 #. type: Plain text
11838 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:486
11839 msgid "If I<cmd> is B<Q_QUOTAON>, B<quotactl>() may also set I<errno> to:"
11842 #. type: Plain text
11843 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:495
11845 "The quota file pointed to by I<addr> exists, but is not a regular file; or, "
11846 "the quota file pointed to by I<addr> exists, but is not on the filesystem "
11847 "pointed to by I<special>."
11850 #. type: Plain text
11851 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:501
11853 "B<Q_QUOTAON> attempted, but another B<Q_QUOTAON> had already been performed."
11856 #. type: Plain text
11857 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:504
11858 msgid "The quota file is corrupted."
11859 msgstr "quota ファイルが壊れている。"
11861 #. type: Plain text
11862 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:507
11863 msgid "Specified quota format was not found."
11866 #. type: Plain text
11867 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:511
11868 msgid "B<quota>(1), B<getrlimit>(2), B<quotacheck>(8), B<quotaon>(8)"
11869 msgstr "B<quota>(1), B<getrlimit>(2), B<quotacheck>(8), B<quotaon>(8)"
11872 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19
11878 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19
11881 msgstr "2011-09-14"
11883 #. type: Plain text
11884 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:22
11885 msgid "sendfile - transfer data between file descriptors"
11886 msgstr "sendfile - ファイル・ディスクリプタ間でデータを転送する"
11888 #. type: Plain text
11889 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:24
11890 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>>"
11891 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>>"
11893 #. The below is too ugly. Comments about glibc versions belong
11894 #. in the notes, not in the header.
11895 #. .B #include <features.h>
11897 #. .B #if (__GLIBC__==2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__>=1) || __GLIBC__>2
11899 #. .B #include <sys/sendfile.h>
11903 #. .B #include <sys/types.h>
11905 #. .B /* No system prototype before glibc 2.1. */
11907 #. .BI "ssize_t sendfile(int" " out_fd" ", int" " in_fd" ", off_t *" #. offset ", size_t" " count" )
11910 #. type: Plain text
11911 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:47
11913 "B<ssize_t sendfile(int>I< out_fd>B<, int>I< in_fd>B<, off_t *>I<offset>B<, "
11914 "size_t>I< count>B<);>"
11916 "B<ssize_t sendfile(int>I< out_fd>B<, int>I< in_fd>B<, off_t *>I<offset>B<, "
11917 "size_t>I< count>B<);>"
11919 #. type: Plain text
11920 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:57
11922 "B<sendfile>() copies data between one file descriptor and another. Because "
11923 "this copying is done within the kernel, B<sendfile>() is more efficient "
11924 "than the combination of B<read>(2) and B<write>(2), which would require "
11925 "transferring data to and from user space."
11927 "B<sendfile>() は、あるファイル・ディスクリプタから別の ファイル・ディスクリ"
11928 "プタへのデータのコピーを行う。 このコピーはカーネル内で行われるので、 "
11929 "B<sendfile>() は、 B<read>(2) と B<write>(2) を組み合わせるよりも効率がよ"
11930 "い。 B<read>(2) や B<write>(2) ではユーザ空間との間でデータの転送が必要とな"
11933 #. type: Plain text
11934 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:62
11936 "I<in_fd> should be a file descriptor opened for reading and I<out_fd> should "
11937 "be a descriptor opened for writing."
11939 "I<in_fd> は読み込みのためにオープンされたファイル・ディスクリプタ、 "
11940 "I<out_fd> は書き込みのためにオープンされたディスクリプタでなければならない。"
11942 #. type: Plain text
11943 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:83
11945 "If I<offset> is not NULL, then it points to a variable holding the file "
11946 "offset from which B<sendfile>() will start reading data from I<in_fd>. "
11947 "When B<sendfile>() returns, this variable will be set to the offset of the "
11948 "byte following the last byte that was read. If I<offset> is not NULL, then "
11949 "B<sendfile>() does not modify the current file offset of I<in_fd>; "
11950 "otherwise the current file offset is adjusted to reflect the number of bytes "
11951 "read from I<in_fd>."
11953 "I<offset> が NULL でない場合、 I<offset> は B<sendfile>() が I<in_fd> のどこ"
11954 "からデータを読み始めるかを示すファイル・オフセットを保持する変数への ポインタ"
11955 "である。 B<sendfile>() は復帰する時、この変数に最後に読み込んだバイトの 次の"
11956 "バイトのオフセットを書き込む。 I<offset> が NULL でない場合、 B<sendfile>() "
11957 "は I<in_fd> のファイル・オフセットの現在値を変更しない。 NULL の場合は、ファ"
11958 "イル・オフセットの現在値を I<in_fd> から読み込んだバイト数を反映した位置に調"
11961 #. type: Plain text
11962 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:90
11964 "If I<offset> is NULL, then data will be read from I<in_fd> starting at the "
11965 "current file offset, and the file offset will be updated by the call."
11967 "I<offset> が NULL の場合、データは I<in_fd> の現在のファイル・オフセットから"
11968 "読み出され、 ファイル・オフセットはこの呼び出しで更新される。"
11970 #. type: Plain text
11971 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:93
11972 msgid "I<count> is the number of bytes to copy between the file descriptors."
11973 msgstr "I<count> は、ファイル・ディスクリプタ間でコピーするバイト数である。"
11975 #. type: Plain text
11976 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:100
11978 "The I<in_fd> argument must correspond to a file which supports B<mmap>(2)-"
11979 "like operations (i.e., it cannot be a socket)."
11981 "I<in_fd> 引き数は B<mmap>(2) 風の操作ができるファイルを指していなければなら"
11983 "い (ソケットを指定することはできない)。"
11985 #. type: Plain text
11986 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:108
11988 "In Linux kernels before 2.6.33, I<out_fd> must refer to a socket. Since "
11989 "Linux 2.6.33 it can be any file. If it is a regular file, then "
11990 "B<sendfile>() changes the file offset appropriately."
11992 "2.6.33 より前の Linux カーネルでは I<out_fd> はソケットを参照していなければ"
11994 "らない。Linux 2.6.33 以降では、任意のファイルを参照することができる。\n"
11995 "通常のファイルの場合には B<sendfile>() はファイルオフセットを適切に変更する。"
11997 #. type: Plain text
11998 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:115
12000 "If the transfer was successful, the number of bytes written to I<out_fd> is "
12001 "returned. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
12003 "転送に成功した場合、 I<out_fd> に書き込まれたバイト数を返す。エラーの場"
12004 "合、-1 を返し、 I<errno> に適切な値を設定する。"
12006 #. type: Plain text
12007 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:121
12009 "Nonblocking I/O has been selected using B<O_NONBLOCK> and the write would "
12012 "B<O_NONBLOCK> を用いて非ブロック I/O が選択されたが、書き込みがブロックされ"
12015 #. type: Plain text
12016 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:125
12018 "The input file was not opened for reading or the output file was not opened "
12021 "入力ファイルが読み込みのためにオープンされていないか、 出力ファイルが書き込み"
12024 #. type: Plain text
12025 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:128
12026 msgid "Bad address."
12027 msgstr "アドレスがおかしい。"
12029 #. type: Plain text
12030 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:134
12032 "Descriptor is not valid or locked, or an B<mmap>(2)-like operation is not "
12033 "available for I<in_fd>."
12035 "ディスクリプタが有効でないか、ロックされている。もしくは B<mmap>(2) 風の操作"
12036 "が I<in_fd> では利用できない。"
12038 #. type: Plain text
12039 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:138
12040 msgid "Unspecified error while reading from I<in_fd>."
12041 msgstr "I<in_fd> から読み込んでいるうちに予期しないエラーが起こった。"
12043 #. type: Plain text
12044 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:142
12045 msgid "Insufficient memory to read from I<in_fd>."
12046 msgstr "I<in_fd> から読み込むための十分なメモリがない。"
12048 #. type: Plain text
12049 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:148
12051 "B<sendfile>() is a new feature in Linux 2.2. The include file I<E<lt>sys/"
12052 "sendfile.hE<gt>> is present since glibc 2.1."
12054 "B<sendfile> は Linux 2.2 の新しい機能である。 インクルードファイル "
12055 "I<E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>> は glibc 2.1 から存在している。"
12057 #. type: Plain text
12058 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:150
12059 msgid "Not specified in POSIX.1-2001, or other standards."
12060 msgstr "POSIX.1-2001 や他の標準では規定されていない。"
12062 #. type: Plain text
12063 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:155
12065 "Other UNIX systems implement B<sendfile>() with different semantics and "
12066 "prototypes. It should not be used in portable programs."
12068 "他の UNIX システムでは、異なった方式やプロトタイプで B<sendfile>() を実装し"
12069 "ている。移植性を考慮したプログラムでは使用すべきではない。"
12071 #. type: Plain text
12072 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:165
12074 "If you plan to use B<sendfile>() for sending files to a TCP socket, but "
12075 "need to send some header data in front of the file contents, you will find "
12076 "it useful to employ the B<TCP_CORK> option, described in B<tcp>(7), to "
12077 "minimize the number of packets and to tune performance."
12079 "B<sendfile>() を使って TCP ソケットにファイルを送ろうとしていて、 ファイルの"
12080 "内容の前にヘッダ・データを付け加える必要がある場合は、 パケット数を最小にして"
12081 "性能を上げるために B<tcp>(7) に記述されている B<TCP_CORK> オプションを使うと"
12084 #. type: Plain text
12085 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:171
12087 "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, I<out_fd> could also refer to a regular file, and "
12088 "B<sendfile>() changed the current offset of that file."
12090 "Linux 2.4 とそれ以前のバージョンでも、 I<out_fd> は通常のファイルを参照で"
12092 "B<sendfile>() はそのファイルのオフセットの現在値を変更していた。"
12094 #. type: Plain text
12095 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:183
12097 "The original Linux B<sendfile>() system call was not designed to handle "
12098 "large file offsets. Consequently, Linux 2.4 added B<sendfile64>(), with a "
12099 "wider type for the I<offset> argument. The glibc B<sendfile>() wrapper "
12100 "function transparently deals with the kernel differences."
12102 "元々の Linux B<sendfile>() システムコールは大きなファイルオフセットを\n"
12103 "扱えるように設計されていなかった。その結果、Linux 2.4 で、\n"
12104 "ビット幅の大きな I<offset> 引き数を持った B<sendfile64>() が追加された。\n"
12105 "glibc の B<sendfile>() のラッパー関数はカーネルによるこの違いを吸収している。"
12107 #. type: Plain text
12108 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:192
12110 "Applications may wish to fall back to B<read>(2)/B<write>(2) in the case "
12111 "where B<sendfile>() fails with B<EINVAL> or B<ENOSYS>."
12113 "B<sendfile>() が B<EINVAL> や B<ENOSYS> で失敗するような場合は、 アプリケー"
12114 "ションは B<read>(2)/B<write>(2) に戻すことを考えてもよいかもしれない。"
12116 #. type: Plain text
12117 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:197
12119 "The Linux-specific B<splice>(2) call supports transferring data between "
12120 "arbitrary files (e.g., a pair of sockets)."
12122 "Linux 固有の B<splice>(2) システムコールは、任意のファイル間 (例えば、\n"
12123 "ソケット同士) でのデータ転送をサポートしている。"
12125 #. type: Plain text
12126 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:202
12127 msgid "B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<socket>(2), B<splice>(2)"
12128 msgstr "B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<socket>(2), B<splice>(2)"
12131 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25
12133 msgid "SET_TID_ADDRESS"
12134 msgstr "SET_TID_ADDRESS"
12137 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25
12140 msgstr "2014-07-08"
12142 #. type: Plain text
12143 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:28
12144 msgid "set_tid_address - set pointer to thread ID"
12145 msgstr "set_tid_address - スレッド ID へのポインタを設定する"
12147 #. type: Plain text
12148 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:31
12150 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/unistd.hE<gt>>\n"
12151 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>linux/unistd.hE<gt>>\n"
12153 #. type: Plain text
12154 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:33
12156 msgid "B<long set_tid_address(int *>I<tidptr>B<);>\n"
12157 msgstr "B<long set_tid_address(int *>I<tidptr>B<);>\n"
12159 #. type: Plain text
12160 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:40
12162 "For each thread, the kernel maintains two attributes (addresses) called "
12163 "I<set_child_tid> and I<clear_child_tid>. These two attributes contain the "
12164 "value NULL by default."
12166 "各スレッドについて、カーネルは I<set_child_tid> と I<clear_child_tid> という "
12167 "2 つの属性を保持する。この 2 つの属性はデフォルトでは NULL である。"
12170 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:40
12172 msgid "I<set_child_tid>"
12173 msgstr "I<set_child_tid>"
12175 #. type: Plain text
12176 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:51
12178 "If a thread is started using B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_CHILD_SETTID> "
12179 "flag, I<set_child_tid> is set to the value passed in the I<ctid> argument of "
12180 "that system call."
12182 "スレッドが B<CLONE_CHILD_SETTID> フラグを指定した B<clone>(2) によって開始さ"
12183 "れた場合、 I<set_child_tid> は B<clone>(2) のシステムコールの I<ctid> 引き数"
12186 #. type: Plain text
12187 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:56
12189 "When I<set_child_tid> is set, the very first thing the new thread does is to "
12190 "write its thread ID at this address."
12192 "I<set_child_tid> が設定された場合、一番最初に新しいスレッドが行うことは、 こ"
12193 "のアドレスに自身のスレッド ID を書き込むことである。"
12196 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:56
12198 msgid "I<clear_child_tid>"
12199 msgstr "I<clear_child_tid>"
12201 #. type: Plain text
12202 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:67
12204 "If a thread is started using B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID> "
12205 "flag, I<clear_child_tid> is set to the value passed in the I<ctid> argument "
12206 "of that system call."
12208 "スレッドが B<CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID> フラグを指定した B<clone>(2) によって開始"
12209 "された場合、 I<clear_child_tid> は B<clone>(2) のシステムコールの I<ctid> 引"
12212 #. type: Plain text
12213 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:74
12215 "The system call B<set_tid_address>() sets the I<clear_child_tid> value for "
12216 "the calling thread to I<tidptr>."
12218 "システムコール B<set_tid_address>() は呼び出し元スレッドの "
12219 "I<clear_child_tid> の値を I<tidptr> に設定する。"
12221 #. type: Plain text
12222 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:82
12224 "When a thread whose I<clear_child_tid> is not NULL terminates, then, if the "
12225 "thread is sharing memory with other threads, then 0 is written at the "
12226 "address specified in I<clear_child_tid> and the kernel performs the "
12227 "following operation:"
12229 "I<clear_child_tid> が NULL でないスレッドが終了すると、そのスレッドが他のス"
12230 "レッドとメモリを共有していれば、 I<clear_child_tid> で指定されたアドレスに 0 "
12231 "が書き込まれ、カーネルは以下の処理を実行する。"
12233 #. type: Plain text
12234 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:84
12236 msgid " futex(clear_child_tid, FUTEX_WAKE, 1, NULL, NULL, 0);\n"
12237 msgstr " futex(clear_child_tid, FUTEX_WAKE, 1, NULL, NULL, 0);\n"
12239 #. type: Plain text
12240 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:88
12242 "The effect of this operation is to wake a single thread that is performing a "
12243 "futex wait on the memory location. Errors from the futex wake operation are "
12246 "この処理の結果、このメモリアドレスに対する futex wait を実行しているスレッド"
12247 "を一つ起こす (wake)。 futex wake 操作でのエラーは無視される。"
12249 #. type: Plain text
12250 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:91
12251 msgid "B<set_tid_address>() always returns the caller's thread ID."
12252 msgstr "B<set_tid_address>() は常に呼び出し元のスレッド ID を返す。"
12254 #. type: Plain text
12255 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:94
12256 msgid "B<set_tid_address>() always succeeds."
12257 msgstr "B<set_tid_address>() は常に成功する。"
12259 #. type: Plain text
12260 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:97
12262 "This call is present since Linux 2.5.48. Details as given here are valid "
12263 "since Linux 2.5.49."
12265 "この呼び出しは Linux 2.5.48 以降で存在する。 ここで書かれた詳細は Linux "
12268 #. type: Plain text
12269 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:102
12270 msgid "B<clone>(2), B<futex>(2), B<gettid>(2)"
12271 msgstr "B<clone>(2), B<futex>(2), B<gettid>(2)"
12274 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:26
12280 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:26 build/C/man2/tee.2:26
12283 msgstr "2014-12-31"
12285 #. type: Plain text
12286 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:29
12287 msgid "splice - splice data to/from a pipe"
12288 msgstr "splice - パイプとの間でデータを継ぎ合わせる"
12290 #. type: Plain text
12291 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:33 build/C/man2/tee.2:33
12294 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
12295 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
12297 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* feature_test_macros(7) 参照 */\n"
12298 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
12300 #. Return type was long before glibc 2.7
12301 #. type: Plain text
12302 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:38
12305 "B<ssize_t splice(int >I<fd_in>B<, loff_t *>I<off_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<,>\n"
12306 "B< loff_t *>I<off_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
12308 "B<ssize_t splice(int >I<fd_in>B<, loff_t *>I<off_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<,>\n"
12309 "B< loff_t *>I<off_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
12311 #. type: Plain text
12312 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:50
12314 "B<splice>() moves data between two file descriptors without copying between "
12315 "kernel address space and user address space. It transfers up to I<len> "
12316 "bytes of data from the file descriptor I<fd_in> to the file descriptor "
12317 "I<fd_out>, where one of the descriptors must refer to a pipe."
12319 "B<splice>() は、カーネルアドレス空間とユーザアドレス空間との間のコピーを伴わ"
12320 "ずに、 2 つのファイルディスクリプタ間でデータの移動を行う。 ファイルディスク"
12321 "リプタ I<fd_in> からファイルディスクリプタ I<fd_out> へ最大 I<len> バイトを転"
12322 "送する。 2 つのファイルディスクリプタのうち一つは パイプを参照していなければ"
12325 #. type: Plain text
12326 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:55
12327 msgid "The following semantics apply for I<fd_in> and I<off_in>:"
12328 msgstr "I<fd_in> と I<off_in> には以下のルールが適用される。"
12330 #. type: Plain text
12331 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:61
12332 msgid "If I<fd_in> refers to a pipe, then I<off_in> must be NULL."
12334 "I<fd_in> がパイプを参照している場合、 I<off_in> は NULL でなければならない。"
12336 #. type: Plain text
12337 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:70
12339 "If I<fd_in> does not refer to a pipe and I<off_in> is NULL, then bytes are "
12340 "read from I<fd_in> starting from the current file offset, and the current "
12341 "file offset is adjusted appropriately."
12343 "I<fd_in> がパイプを参照しておらず、かつ I<off_in> が NULL の場合、 バイトは "
12344 "I<fd_in> の現在のファイルオフセットから読み出され、 現在のファイルオフセット"
12347 #. type: Plain text
12348 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:83
12350 "If I<fd_in> does not refer to a pipe and I<off_in> is not NULL, then "
12351 "I<off_in> must point to a buffer which specifies the starting offset from "
12352 "which bytes will be read from I<fd_in>; in this case, the current file "
12353 "offset of I<fd_in> is not changed."
12355 "I<fd_in> がパイプを参照しておらず、 I<off_in> が NULL でない場合、 I<off_in> "
12356 "は I<fd_in> からのデータ読み出しを開始する先頭オフセットを格納したバッファ へ"
12357 "のポインタでなければならない。この場合、 I<fd_in> の現在のファイルオフセット"
12360 #. type: Plain text
12361 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:88
12362 msgid "Analogous statements apply for I<fd_out> and I<off_out>."
12363 msgstr "I<fd_out> と I<off_out> に関しても同様である。"
12365 #. type: Plain text
12366 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:93 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:78
12368 "The I<flags> argument is a bit mask that is composed by ORing together zero "
12369 "or more of the following values:"
12371 "I<flags> 引き数には、以下の値の 0 個以上をビット毎の論理和の形で指定する。"
12374 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:93 build/C/man2/tee.2:62 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:78
12376 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_MOVE>"
12377 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_MOVE>"
12379 #. type: Plain text
12380 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:106
12382 "Attempt to move pages instead of copying. This is only a hint to the "
12383 "kernel: pages may still be copied if the kernel cannot move the pages from "
12384 "the pipe, or if the pipe buffers don't refer to full pages. The initial "
12385 "implementation of this flag was buggy: therefore starting in Linux 2.6.21 it "
12386 "is a no-op (but is still permitted in a B<splice>() call); in the future, a "
12387 "correct implementation may be restored."
12389 "ページのコピーでなく移動を試みる。 これはカーネルに対するヒントでしかない。 "
12390 "つまり、カーネルがパイプからページを移動できない場合や、 パイプバッファがペー"
12391 "ジ全部を参照していない場合は、 ページのコピーが行われることもある。 このフラ"
12392 "グの最初の実装にはバグがあった。そのため、 Linux 2.6.21 以降ではこのフラグの"
12393 "操作はできないようになっている (ただし、 B<splice>() コールでこのフラグを指"
12394 "定することは今も認められている)。 将来、正しい実装が行われることだろう。"
12397 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:106 build/C/man2/tee.2:68 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:84
12399 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK>"
12400 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK>"
12402 #. type: Plain text
12403 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:115
12405 "Do not block on I/O. This makes the splice pipe operations nonblocking, but "
12406 "B<splice>() may nevertheless block because the file descriptors that are "
12407 "spliced to/from may block (unless they have the B<O_NONBLOCK> flag set)."
12409 "入出力時に停止 (block) しない。 このフラグを指定すると、 splice によるパイプ"
12410 "操作を非停止モード (nonblocking) で 行おうとするが、その場合でも "
12411 "B<splice>() は停止することもある。なぜなら、データのやり取りを行う ファイル"
12412 "ディスクリプタは (B<O_NONBLOCK> フラグをセットされていない場合) 停止する可能"
12416 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:115 build/C/man2/tee.2:73 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:91
12418 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_MORE>"
12419 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_MORE>"
12421 #. type: Plain text
12422 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:129
12424 "More data will be coming in a subsequent splice. This is a helpful hint "
12425 "when the I<fd_out> refers to a socket (see also the description of "
12426 "B<MSG_MORE> in B<send>(2), and the description of B<TCP_CORK> in B<tcp>(7))"
12428 "この後の splice でさらに転送されるデータがあることを示す。 このフラグは "
12429 "I<fd_out> がソケットを参照している場合に有用なヒントとなる (B<send>(2) の "
12430 "B<MSG_MORE> や B<tcp>(7) の B<TCP_CORK> の説明も参照)。"
12433 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:129 build/C/man2/tee.2:79 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:97
12435 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_GIFT>"
12436 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_GIFT>"
12438 #. type: Plain text
12439 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:135
12440 msgid "Unused for B<splice>(); see B<vmsplice>(2)."
12441 msgstr "B<splice>() では使用しない。 B<vmsplice>(2) 参照。"
12443 #. type: Plain text
12444 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:144
12446 "Upon successful completion, B<splice>() returns the number of bytes spliced "
12447 "to or from the pipe. A return value of 0 means that there was no data to "
12448 "transfer, and it would not make sense to block, because there are no writers "
12449 "connected to the write end of the pipe referred to by I<fd_in>."
12451 "成功して完了すると、 B<splice>() はパイプから出し入れしたバイト数を返す。 返"
12452 "り値 0 はデータの転送が行わなかったことを示す。 この場合、処理を停止 (block) "
12453 "しても無意味である。 なぜなら、 I<fd_in> が参照するパイプの書き込み側に接続さ"
12456 #. type: Plain text
12457 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:150
12459 "On error, B<splice>() returns -1 and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
12461 "エラーの場合、 B<splice>() は -1 を返し、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値を設定す"
12464 #. type: Plain text
12465 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:157 build/C/man2/tee.2:107
12466 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:133
12468 "B<SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK> was specified in I<flags>, and the operation would "
12471 "B<SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK> が I<flags> に指定されていて、かつ操作が停止するような状"
12474 #. type: Plain text
12475 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:161
12477 "One or both file descriptors are not valid, or do not have proper read-write "
12480 "ファイルディスクリプタの一方または両方が有効ではない、 もしくは適切な read-"
12483 #. The append-mode error is given since 2.6.27; in earlier kernels,
12484 #. splice() in append mode was broken
12485 #. type: Plain text
12486 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:169
12488 "Target filesystem doesn't support splicing; target file is opened in append "
12489 "mode; neither of the descriptors refers to a pipe; or offset given for "
12490 "nonseekable device."
12492 "対象のファイルシステムが splice に対応していない、 または対象のファイルが追記"
12493 "モードでオープンされている、 またはディスクリプタのどちらもパイプを参照してい"
12494 "ない、 または seek できないデバイスに対してオフセットが指定された。"
12496 #. type: Plain text
12497 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:172 build/C/man2/tee.2:120
12498 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:148
12499 msgid "Out of memory."
12503 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:172
12508 #. type: Plain text
12509 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:179
12511 "Either I<off_in> or I<off_out> was not NULL, but the corresponding file "
12512 "descriptor refers to a pipe."
12514 "I<off_in> か I<off_out> のいずれかが NULL ではないが、対応するファイルディス"
12515 "クリプタが パイプを参照している。"
12517 #. type: Plain text
12518 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:184
12520 "The B<splice>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17; library support "
12521 "was added to glibc in version 2.5."
12523 "B<splice>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で初めて登場した。\n"
12524 "ライブラリによるサポートは glibc バージョン 2.5 で追加された。"
12526 #. type: Plain text
12527 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:196
12529 "The three system calls B<splice>(), B<vmsplice>(2), and B<tee>(2), provide "
12530 "user-space programs with full control over an arbitrary kernel buffer, "
12531 "implemented within the kernel using the same type of buffer that is used for "
12532 "a pipe. In overview, these system calls perform the following tasks:"
12534 "3 つのシステムコール (B<splice>(), B<vmsplice>(2), B<tee>(2)) を使うと、ユー"
12535 "ザ空間プログラムは任意のカーネルバッファに対する 完全な制御ができる。カーネル"
12536 "バッファは、パイプに使用されているのと 同種のバッファを使ってカーネル内に実装"
12537 "されている。 大まかにいうと、これらのシステムコールは以下の仕事を行う:"
12540 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:196
12542 msgid "B<splice>()"
12543 msgstr "B<splice>()"
12545 #. type: Plain text
12546 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:200
12548 "moves data from the buffer to an arbitrary file descriptor, or vice versa, "
12549 "or from one buffer to another."
12551 "バッファから任意のファイルディスクリプタや、その逆方向、 もしくはあるバッファ"
12552 "から別のバッファへの、データ移動を行う。"
12555 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:200
12560 #. type: Plain text
12561 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:203
12562 msgid "\"copies\" the data from one buffer to another."
12563 msgstr "あるバッファから別のバッファへのデータ「コピー」を行う。"
12566 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:203
12568 msgid "B<vmsplice>(2)"
12569 msgstr "B<vmsplice>(2)"
12571 #. type: Plain text
12572 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:206
12573 msgid "\"copies\" data from user space into the buffer."
12574 msgstr "ユーザ空間からバッファへのデータ「コピー」を行う。"
12576 #. Linus: Now, imagine using the above in a media server, for example.
12577 #. Let's say that a year or two has passed, so that the video drivers
12578 #. have been updated to be able to do the splice thing, and what can
12579 #. you do? You can:
12580 #. - splice from the (mpeg or whatever - let's just assume that the video
12581 #. input is either digital or does the encoding on its own - like they
12582 #. pretty much all do) video input into a pipe (remember: no copies - the
12583 #. video input will just DMA directly into memory, and splice will just
12584 #. set up the pages in the pipe buffer)
12585 #. - tee that pipe to split it up
12586 #. - splice one end to a file (ie "save the compressed stream to disk")
12587 #. - splice the other end to a real-time video decoder window for your
12588 #. real-time viewing pleasure.
12589 #. Linus: Now, the advantage of splice()/tee() is that you can
12590 #. do zero-copy movement of data, and unlike sendfile() you can
12591 #. do it on _arbitrary_ data (and, as shown by "tee()", it's more
12592 #. than just sending the data to somebody else: you can duplicate
12593 #. the data and choose to forward it to two or more different
12594 #. users - for things like logging etc.).
12595 #. type: Plain text
12596 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:237
12598 "Though we talk of copying, actual copies are generally avoided. The kernel "
12599 "does this by implementing a pipe buffer as a set of reference-counted "
12600 "pointers to pages of kernel memory. The kernel creates \"copies\" of pages "
12601 "in a buffer by creating new pointers (for the output buffer) referring to "
12602 "the pages, and increasing the reference counts for the pages: only pointers "
12603 "are copied, not the pages of the buffer."
12605 "ここではコピーの話をしているが、実際のコピーは一般的に回避される。 カーネル"
12606 "は、パイプ・バッファをカーネルメモリのページへのポインタ集合として 実装し、"
12607 "ページへの参照回数を管理することで、これを実現している。 カーネルは、対象とな"
12608 "るページを参照する (出力バッファ用の) ポインタを 新規に作成することでバッファ"
12609 "内のページの「コピー」を作成し、 そのページの参照回数を増やす。つまり、ポイン"
12610 "タだけがコピーされ、 バッファのページはコピーされない。"
12612 #. type: Plain text
12613 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:240
12614 msgid "See B<tee>(2)."
12615 msgstr "B<tee>(2) 参照。"
12617 #. type: Plain text
12618 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:243
12619 msgid "B<sendfile>(2), B<tee>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
12620 msgstr "B<sendfile>(2), B<tee>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
12623 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:26
12628 #. type: Plain text
12629 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:29
12630 msgid "tee - duplicating pipe content"
12631 msgstr "tee - パイプの中身を複製する"
12633 #. type: Plain text
12634 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:36
12636 msgid "B<ssize_t tee(int >I<fd_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
12637 msgstr "B<ssize_t tee(int >I<fd_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
12639 #. Example programs http://brick.kernel.dk/snaps
12640 #. add a "tee(in, out1, out2)" system call that duplicates the pages
12641 #. (again, incrementing their reference count, not copying the data) from
12642 #. one pipe to two other pipes.
12643 #. type: Plain text
12644 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:56
12646 "B<tee>() duplicates up to I<len> bytes of data from the pipe referred to by "
12647 "the file descriptor I<fd_in> to the pipe referred to by the file descriptor "
12648 "I<fd_out>. It does not consume the data that is duplicated from I<fd_in>; "
12649 "therefore, that data can be copied by a subsequent B<splice>(2)."
12651 "B<tee>() は、ファイルディスクリプタ I<fd_in> が参照するパイプからファイル"
12652 "ディスクリプタ I<fd_out> が参照するパイプへ最大 I<len> バイトのデータを複製す"
12653 "る。 この操作では、複製されるデータは I<fd_in> からは消費されない。したがっ"
12654 "て、これらのデータをこの後の B<splice>(2) でコピーすることができる。"
12656 #. type: Plain text
12657 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:62
12659 "I<flags> is a series of modifier flags, which share the name space with "
12660 "B<splice>(2) and B<vmsplice>(2):"
12662 "I<flags> は一連の修飾フラグであり、 B<splice>(2) や B<vmsplice>(2) と共通の"
12665 #. type: Plain text
12666 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:68
12667 msgid "Currently has no effect for B<tee>(); see B<splice>(2)."
12668 msgstr "現在のところ B<tee>() では何の効果もない。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
12670 #. Not used for vmsplice
12671 #. May be in the future -- therefore EAGAIN
12672 #. type: Plain text
12673 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:73 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:91
12674 msgid "Do not block on I/O; see B<splice>(2) for further details."
12675 msgstr "入出力で停止 (block) しない。詳細は B<splice>(2) 参照。"
12677 #. type: Plain text
12678 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:79
12680 "Currently has no effect for B<tee>(), but may be implemented in the future; "
12681 "see B<splice>(2)."
12683 "現在のところ B<tee>() では何の効果もないが、将来的には実装される可能性があ"
12684 "る。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
12686 #. type: Plain text
12687 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:85
12688 msgid "Unused for B<tee>(); see B<vmsplice>(2)."
12689 msgstr "B<tee>() では未使用。 B<vmsplice>(2) 参照。"
12691 #. type: Plain text
12692 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:94
12694 "Upon successful completion, B<tee>() returns the number of bytes that were "
12695 "duplicated between the input and output. A return value of 0 means that "
12696 "there was no data to transfer, and it would not make sense to block, because "
12697 "there are no writers connected to the write end of the pipe referred to by "
12700 "成功して完了すると、 B<tee>() は入出力間で複製されたバイト数を返す。 返り値 "
12701 "0 はデータの転送が行われなかったことを示す。 この場合、処理を停止 (block) し"
12702 "ても無意味である。 なぜなら、 I<fd_in> が参照するパイプの書き込み側に接続され"
12705 #. type: Plain text
12706 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:100
12708 "On error, B<tee>() returns -1 and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
12710 "エラーの場合、 B<tee>() は -1 を返し、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値を設定する。"
12712 #. type: Plain text
12713 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:117
12715 "I<fd_in> or I<fd_out> does not refer to a pipe; or I<fd_in> and I<fd_out> "
12716 "refer to the same pipe."
12718 "I<fd_in> と I<fd_out> のどちらかがパイプを参照していない。もしくは I<fd_in> "
12719 "と I<fd_out> が同じパイプを参照している。"
12721 #. type: Plain text
12722 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:125
12724 "The B<tee>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17; library support "
12725 "was added to glibc in version 2.5."
12727 "B<tee>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で初めて登場した。\n"
12728 "ライブラリによるサポートは glibc バージョン 2.5 で追加された。"
12730 #. type: Plain text
12731 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:136
12733 "Conceptually, B<tee>() copies the data between the two pipes. In reality "
12734 "no real data copying takes place though: under the covers, B<tee>() assigns "
12735 "data in the output by merely grabbing a reference to the input."
12737 "概念としては、 B<tee>() は二つのパイプ間でデータのコピーを行う。 しかし、実"
12738 "際には実データのコピーは行われない。 内部では、 B<tee>() は入力側に対する参"
12739 "照だけを作成することで出力側にデータを 追加する。"
12741 #. type: Plain text
12742 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:143
12744 "The example below implements a basic B<tee>(1) program using the B<tee>() "
12745 "system call. Here is an example of its use:"
12747 "以下の例は、 B<tee>() システムコールを使って、 基本的な B<tee>(1) プログラ"
12748 "ムを実装したものである。 以下は利用例である。"
12750 #. type: Plain text
12751 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:150
12754 "$ B<date |./a.out out.log | cat>\n"
12755 "Tue Oct 28 10:06:00 CET 2014\n"
12756 "$ B<cat out.log>\n"
12757 "Tue Oct 28 10:06:00 CET 2014\n"
12759 "$ B<date |./a.out out.log | cat>\n"
12760 "Tue Oct 28 10:06:00 CET 2014\n"
12761 "$ B<cat out.log>\n"
12762 "Tue Oct 28 10:06:00 CET 2014\n"
12765 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:152
12767 msgid "Program source"
12770 #. type: Plain text
12771 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:162
12774 "#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
12775 "#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
12776 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
12777 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
12778 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
12779 "#include E<lt>errno.hE<gt>\n"
12780 "#include E<lt>limits.hE<gt>\n"
12782 "#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
12783 "#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
12784 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
12785 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
12786 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
12787 "#include E<lt>errno.hE<gt>\n"
12788 "#include E<lt>limits.hE<gt>\n"
12790 #. type: Plain text
12791 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:168
12795 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
12798 " int len, slen;\n"
12801 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
12804 " int len, slen;\n"
12806 #. type: Plain text
12807 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:173
12810 " if (argc != 2) {\n"
12811 " fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>fileE<gt>\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
12812 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
12815 " if (argc != 2) {\n"
12816 " fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>fileE<gt>\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
12817 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
12820 #. type: Plain text
12821 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:179
12824 " fd = open(argv[1], O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);\n"
12825 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
12826 " perror(\"open\");\n"
12827 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
12830 " fd = open(argv[1], O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);\n"
12831 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
12832 " perror(\"open\");\n"
12833 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
12836 #. type: Plain text
12837 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:186
12842 " * tee stdin to stdout.\n"
12844 " len = tee(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO,\n"
12845 " INT_MAX, SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK);\n"
12849 " * tee stdin to stdout.\n"
12851 " len = tee(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO,\n"
12852 " INT_MAX, SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK);\n"
12854 #. type: Plain text
12855 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:195
12858 " if (len E<lt> 0) {\n"
12859 " if (errno == EAGAIN)\n"
12861 " perror(\"tee\");\n"
12862 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
12867 " if (len E<lt> 0) {\n"
12868 " if (errno == EAGAIN)\n"
12870 " perror(\"tee\");\n"
12871 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
12876 #. type: Plain text
12877 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:209
12881 " * Consume stdin by splicing it to a file.\n"
12883 " while (len E<gt> 0) {\n"
12884 " slen = splice(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, fd, NULL,\n"
12885 " len, SPLICE_F_MOVE);\n"
12886 " if (slen E<lt> 0) {\n"
12887 " perror(\"splice\");\n"
12895 " * Consume stdin by splicing it to a file.\n"
12897 " while (len E<gt> 0) {\n"
12898 " slen = splice(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, fd, NULL,\n"
12899 " len, SPLICE_F_MOVE);\n"
12900 " if (slen E<lt> 0) {\n"
12901 " perror(\"splice\");\n"
12908 #. type: Plain text
12909 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:213
12913 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
12917 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
12920 #. type: Plain text
12921 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:216
12922 msgid "B<splice>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
12923 msgstr "B<splice>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
12926 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:26
12932 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:26
12935 msgstr "2009-02-20"
12937 #. type: Plain text
12938 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:29
12939 msgid "vm86old, vm86 - enter virtual 8086 mode"
12940 msgstr "vm86old, vm86 - 仮想 8086 モードへ移行する"
12942 #. type: Plain text
12943 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:31
12944 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/vm86.hE<gt>>"
12945 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/vm86.hE<gt>>"
12947 #. type: Plain text
12948 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:33
12949 msgid "B<int vm86old(struct vm86_struct *>I<info>B<);>"
12950 msgstr "B<int vm86old(struct vm86_struct *>I<info>B<);>"
12952 #. type: Plain text
12953 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:35
12954 msgid "B<int vm86(unsigned long >I<fn>B<, struct vm86plus_struct *>I<v86>B<);>"
12956 "B<int vm86(unsigned long >I<fn>B<, struct vm86plus_struct *>I<v86>B<);>"
12958 #. type: Plain text
12959 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:48
12961 "The system call B<vm86>() was introduced in Linux 0.97p2. In Linux 2.1.15 "
12962 "and 2.0.28, it was renamed to B<vm86old>(), and a new B<vm86>() was "
12963 "introduced. The definition of I<struct vm86_struct> was changed in 1.1.8 "
12966 "B<vm86>() システムコールは Linux 0.97p2 で導入された。 これは Linux 2.1.15 "
12967 "と 2.0.28 で B<vm86old>() に名前が変更され、 新しい B<vm86>() が導入され"
12968 "た。 I<struct vm86_struct> の定義は 1.1.8 と 1.1.9 で変更された。"
12970 #. type: Plain text
12971 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:52
12973 "These calls cause the process to enter VM86 mode (virtual-8086 in Intel "
12974 "literature), and are used by B<dosemu>."
12976 "これらのコールによってプロセスは VM86 モード (Intel の文書では仮想 8086 モー"
12977 "ド) へと移行する。 これらのコールは B<dosemu> で使用される。"
12979 #. type: Plain text
12980 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:54
12981 msgid "VM86 mode is an emulation of real mode within a protected mode task."
12983 "VM86 モードはプロテクトモードタスクにおける リアルモードのエミュレーションで"
12986 #. type: Plain text
12987 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:64
12989 "This return value is specific to i386 and indicates a problem with getting "
12992 "この返り値は i386 固有のものであり、 ユーザー空間のデータを取得する際に問題が"
12995 #. type: Plain text
12996 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:68
12998 "This return value indicates the call is not implemented on the present "
13001 "この返り値は、このコールが現在のアーキテクチャで実装されていないことを示す。"
13003 #. type: Plain text
13004 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:73
13006 "Saved kernel stack exists. (This is a kernel sanity check; the saved stack "
13007 "should exist only within vm86 mode itself.)"
13009 "保存されたカーネルスタックが既に存在している。(これはカーネルが通常の 状態で"
13010 "あるかをチェックしている。保存されたスタックは vm86 モードで しか存在しな"
13013 #. type: Plain text
13014 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:75
13016 "This call is specific to Linux on 32-bit Intel processors, and should not be "
13017 "used in programs intended to be portable."
13019 "この関数は 32 ビット Intel プロセッサ上の Linux 特有の関数であり、 移植を意図"
13020 "したプログラムでは使用すべきでない。"
13023 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
13029 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
13032 msgstr "2014-10-02"
13034 #. type: Plain text
13035 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:29
13036 msgid "vmsplice - splice user pages into a pipe"
13037 msgstr "vmsplice - ユーザ・ページをパイプに継ぎ合わせる"
13039 #. type: Plain text
13040 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:34
13043 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
13044 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
13045 "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
13047 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* feature_test_macros(7) 参照 */\n"
13048 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
13049 "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
13051 #. type: Plain text
13052 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:37
13055 "B<ssize_t vmsplice(int >I<fd>B<, const struct iovec *>I<iov>B<,>\n"
13056 "B< unsigned long >I<nr_segs>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
13058 "B<ssize_t vmsplice(int >I<fd>B<, const struct iovec *>I<iov>B<,>\n"
13059 "B< unsigned long >I<nr_segs>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
13061 #. Linus: vmsplice() system call to basically do a "write to
13062 #. the buffer", but using the reference counting and VM traversal
13063 #. to actually fill the buffer. This means that the user needs to
13064 #. be careful not to reuse the user-space buffer it spliced into
13065 #. the kernel-space one (contrast this to "write()", which copies
13066 #. the actual data, and you can thus reuse the buffer immediately
13067 #. after a successful write), but that is often easy to do.
13068 #. type: Plain text
13069 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:57
13071 "The B<vmsplice>() system call maps I<nr_segs> ranges of user memory "
13072 "described by I<iov> into a pipe. The file descriptor I<fd> must refer to a "
13075 "B<vmsplice>() システムコールは、 I<iov> で指定されたユーザ・メモリの "
13076 "I<nr_segs> の範囲をパイプにマッピングする。 I<fd> はパイプを参照していなけれ"
13079 #. type: Plain text
13080 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:64
13082 "The pointer I<iov> points to an array of I<iovec> structures as defined in "
13083 "I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>:"
13085 "ポインタ I<iov> は I<iovec> 構造体の配列を指す。 I<iovec> 構造体は "
13086 "I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>> で以下のように定義されている:"
13088 #. type: Plain text
13089 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:71
13093 " void *iov_base; /* Starting address */\n"
13094 " size_t iov_len; /* Number of bytes */\n"
13098 " void *iov_base; /* 開始アドレス */\n"
13099 " size_t iov_len; /* バイト数 */\n"
13102 #. type: Plain text
13103 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:84
13104 msgid "Unused for B<vmsplice>(); see B<splice>(2)."
13105 msgstr "B<vmsplice>() では未使用。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
13107 #. type: Plain text
13108 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:97
13110 "Currently has no effect for B<vmsplice>(), but may be implemented in the "
13111 "future; see B<splice>(2)."
13113 "現在のところ B<vmsplice>() では何の効果もないが、将来的には実装される可能性"
13114 "がある。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
13116 #. FIXME . Explain the following line in a little more detail:
13118 #. It looks like the page-alignment requirement went away with
13119 #. commit bd1a68b59c8e3bce45fb76632c64e1e063c3962d
13120 #. .... if we expect to later SPLICE_F_MOVE to the cache.
13121 #. type: Plain text
13122 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:117
13124 "The user pages are a gift to the kernel. The application may not modify "
13125 "this memory ever, or page cache and on-disk data may differ. Gifting pages "
13126 "to the kernel means that a subsequent B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> can "
13127 "successfully move the pages; if this flag is not specified, then a "
13128 "subsequent B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> must copy the pages. Data must "
13129 "also be properly page aligned, both in memory and length."
13131 "ユーザ・ページがカーネルへ渡すもの (gift) であることを示す。 アプリケーション"
13132 "はこのメモリを絶対に変更してはならない。 さもなければ、ページキャッシュとディ"
13133 "スク上のデータは 一致しなくなるだろう。 ページをカーネルに渡すと、この次の "
13134 "B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> でそのページの移動を行うことができる。 このフ"
13135 "ラグが指定されなかった場合、この次の B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> でその"
13136 "ページのコピーを行わなければならない。 データはメモリ上でページ境界にあってい"
13137 "なければならず、 長さもページ境界の倍数でなければならない。"
13139 #. type: Plain text
13140 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:126
13142 "Upon successful completion, B<vmsplice>() returns the number of bytes "
13143 "transferred to the pipe. On error, B<vmsplice>() returns -1 and I<errno> "
13144 "is set to indicate the error."
13146 "成功して完了すると、 B<vmsplice>() はパイプに転送したバイト数を返す。 エラー"
13147 "の場合、 B<vmplice>() は -1 を返し、 I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
13149 #. type: Plain text
13150 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:137
13151 msgid "I<fd> either not valid, or doesn't refer to a pipe."
13152 msgstr "I<fd> が有効でない、もしくはパイプを参照していない。"
13154 #. type: Plain text
13155 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:145
13157 "I<nr_segs> is greater than B<IOV_MAX>; or memory not aligned if "
13158 "B<SPLICE_F_GIFT> set."
13160 "I<nr_segs> が B<IOV_MAX> よりも大きい。または B<SPLICE_F_GIFT> が設定されたが"
13161 "メモリがページ境界にあっていない。"
13163 #. type: Plain text
13164 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:153
13166 "The B<vmsplice>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17; library "
13167 "support was added to glibc in version 2.5."
13169 "B<vmsplice>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で初めて登場した。\n"
13170 "ライブラリによるサポートは glibc バージョン 2.5 で追加された。"
13172 #. type: Plain text
13173 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:164
13175 "B<vmsplice>() follows the other vectorized read/write type functions when "
13176 "it comes to limitations on number of segments being passed in. This limit "
13177 "is B<IOV_MAX> as defined in I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>>. At the time of this "
13178 "writing, that limit is 1024."
13180 "指定されたセグメント数が上限に達した場合、 B<vmsplice>() は他のベクトル形式"
13181 "の read/write を行う関数と同じ動作をする。 上限は B<IOV_MAX> であり、 "
13182 "I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>> で定義されている。 このドキュメントを書いた時点での値"
13185 #. type: Plain text
13186 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:166
13187 msgid "B<splice>(2), B<tee>(2)"
13188 msgstr "B<splice>(2), B<tee>(2)"
13190 #~ msgid "COLOPHON"
13191 #~ msgstr "この文書について"
13194 #~ "This page is part of release 3.77 of the Linux I<man-pages> project. A "
13195 #~ "description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the "
13196 #~ "latest version of this page, can be found at \\%http://www.kernel.org/doc/"
13199 #~ "この man ページは Linux I<man-pages> プロジェクトのリリース 3.77 の一部\n"
13200 #~ "である。プロジェクトの説明とバグ報告に関する情報は\n"
13201 #~ "http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/ に書かれている。"
13204 #~ "These system calls were added in Linux 2.6.17. No library support is "
13205 #~ "provided; use B<syscall>(2)."
13207 #~ "これらのシステムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で追加された。ライブラリによる\n"
13208 #~ "サポートは提供されていない。 B<syscall>(2) を使うこと。"
13210 #~ msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT>"
13211 #~ msgstr "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT>"
13213 #~ msgid "2014-04-17"
13214 #~ msgstr "2014-04-17"
13216 #~ msgid "2014-05-05"
13217 #~ msgstr "2014-05-05"
13219 #~ msgid "2014-02-20"
13220 #~ msgstr "2014-02-20"
13222 #~ msgid "2012-07-19"
13223 #~ msgstr "2012-07-19"
13225 #~ msgid "2012-05-04"
13226 #~ msgstr "2012-05-04"
13228 #~ msgid "2013-12-12"
13229 #~ msgstr "2013-12-12"
13231 #~ msgid "2012-04-25"
13232 #~ msgstr "2012-04-25"
13235 #~ "This function will return the current B<personality>() when I<persona> "
13236 #~ "equals 0xffffffff. Otherwise, it will make the execution domain "
13237 #~ "referenced by I<persona> the new execution domain of the calling process."
13239 #~ "B<personality ()> 関数は、 I<persona> が 0xffffffff の場合は現在の B<パー"
13240 #~ "ソナリティ> を返す。 それ以外の場合、 I<persona> により参照される実行ドメ"
13241 #~ "インを、 呼び出し元のプロセスの新しい実行ドメインとする。"
13244 #~ "Depending on which operation was executed, the returned value for a "
13245 #~ "successful call can have differing meanings."
13246 #~ msgstr "どの操作が実行されたかによって、 成功時の返り値の意味が変わる。"
13249 #~ "Returns 0 if the process was woken by a B<FUTEX_WAKE> call. In case of "
13250 #~ "timeout, the operation fails with the error B<ETIMEDOUT>. If the futex "
13251 #~ "was not equal to the expected value, the operation fails with the error "
13252 #~ "B<EWOULDBLOCK>. Signals (see B<signal>(7)) or other spurious wakeups "
13253 #~ "cause B<FUTEX_WAIT> to fail with the error B<EINTR>."
13255 #~ "プロセスが B<FUTEX_WAKE> の呼び出しで wake すると 0 を返す。 タイムアウト"
13256 #~ "の場合、操作はエラー B<ETIMEOUT> で失敗する。 futex が指定された値と等しく"
13257 #~ "ない場合、 エラー B<EWOULDBLOCK> で失敗する。 シグナルを受信するか "
13258 #~ "(B<signal>(7) 参照) 他の偽の wake があった場合には、エラー B<EINTR> で失"
13261 #~ msgid "An operation was not defined or error in page alignment."
13263 #~ "操作が定義されていない。またはページ・アラインメントでエラーが発生した。"
13266 #~ "Stop the child at the next B<execve>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
13267 #~ "PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8>."
13269 #~ "次の B<execve>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC\\ E<lt>E<lt>"
13270 #~ "\\ 8> で子プロセスの動作を停止させる。"
13273 #~ "Stop the child at the completion of the next B<vfork>(2) call with "
13274 #~ "I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8>."
13276 #~ "次の B<vfork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE\\ "
13277 #~ "E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> で子プロセスの動作を停止させる。"
13280 #~ "Attaches to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a traced \"child\" "
13281 #~ "of the calling process; the behavior of the child is as if it had done a "
13282 #~ "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>. The calling process actually becomes the parent of "
13283 #~ "the child process for most purposes (e.g., it will receive notification "
13284 #~ "of child events and appears in B<ps>(1) output as the child's parent), "
13285 #~ "but a B<getppid>(2) by the child will still return the PID of the "
13286 #~ "original parent. The child is sent a B<SIGSTOP>, but will not "
13287 #~ "necessarily have stopped by the completion of this call; use B<wait>(2) "
13288 #~ "to wait for the child to stop. (I<addr> and I<data> are ignored.)"
13290 #~ "I<pid> で指定されたプロセスに接続 (attach) し、それを呼び出し元のプロセス"
13291 #~ "の 子プロセスとしてトレースできるようにする。子プロセスは "
13292 #~ "B<PTRACE_TRACEME> したかのように振舞う。呼び出し元のプロセスはそのほとんど"
13293 #~ "の目的において、 その子プロセスの実際の親になる (例えば、子プロセスのイベ"
13294 #~ "ントの 通知を受けとったり、 B<ps>(1) で親として表示されたりする)。しか"
13295 #~ "し、子プロセスで B<getppid>(2) を実行した場合には元の親プロセスの PID が"
13296 #~ "返される。 子プロセスには B<SIGSTOP> が送られるが、この呼び出しが完了する"
13297 #~ "までに 必ずしも停止するとは限らない。子プロセスの停止を待つには "
13298 #~ "B<wait>(2) を使用すること。(I<addr> と I<data> は無視される。)"
13301 #~ "Tracing causes a few subtle differences in the semantics of traced "
13302 #~ "processes. For example, if a process is attached to with "
13303 #~ "B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, its original parent can no longer receive notification "
13304 #~ "via B<wait>(2) when it stops, and there is no way for the new parent to "
13305 #~ "effectively simulate this notification."
13307 #~ "トレースすることによってトレースされるプロセスの動作に些細な違いが 起こる"
13308 #~ "ことがある。例えば、プロセスが B<PTRACE_ATTACH> によって接続された場合に"
13309 #~ "は、そのプロセスが停止した時でも本来の親は B<wait>(2) を使って通知を受け"
13310 #~ "ることができず、新しい親が効率よく この通知を真似る方法もない。"
13313 #~ "When the parent receives an event with B<PTRACE_EVENT_*> set, the child "
13314 #~ "is not in the normal signal delivery path. This means the parent cannot "
13315 #~ "do B<ptrace>(PTRACE_CONT) with a signal or B<ptrace>(PTRACE_KILL). "
13316 #~ "B<kill>(2) with a B<SIGKILL> signal can be used instead to kill the "
13317 #~ "child process after receiving one of these messages."
13319 #~ "親プロセスが B<PTRACE_EVENT_*> がセットされたイベントを受信した場合、 子プ"
13320 #~ "ロセスは通常通りのシグナル配送が行われる状態にない。 つまり、親プロセス"
13321 #~ "が、 シグナルにより B<ptrace>(PTRACE_CONT) を行ったり、 "
13322 #~ "B<ptrace>(PTRACE_KILL) を行ったりできないということである。 こららのメッ"
13323 #~ "セージの受信後は、子プロセスを終了 (kill) するのに、 シグナル B<SIGKILL> "
13324 #~ "を指定して B<kill>(2) を行う方法を代わりに使用できる。"
13327 #~ "The SunOS man page describes B<ptrace>() as \"unique and arcane\", which "
13328 #~ "it is. The proc-based debugging interface present in Solaris 2 "
13329 #~ "implements a superset of B<ptrace>() functionality in a more powerful "
13330 #~ "and uniform way."
13332 #~ "SunOS のマニュアル・ページには B<ptrace>() は「独特で不可解」と記述されて"
13333 #~ "おり、まさしくそうである。 Solaris 2 では proc ベースの デバッグのインター"
13334 #~ "フェースとして B<ptrace>() の上位互換関数が実装され、より強力で一貫性のあ"
13338 #~ "The second argument I<special> is the block special device these quota "
13339 #~ "apply to. It must be mounted."
13341 #~ "二番目の引き数 I<special> は quota を適用するデバイスのブロック・スペシャ"
13342 #~ "ル・ファイルである。 そのデバイスはマウントされていなくてはならない。"
13345 #~ "The third argument I<id> is the user or group ID these quota apply to "
13346 #~ "(when relevant)."
13348 #~ "三番目の引き数 I<id> には、(必要な場合に) quota を適用するユーザーもしくは"
13349 #~ "グループの ID を指定する。"
13352 #~ "The fourth argument I<addr> is the address of a data structure, depending "
13353 #~ "on the command."
13355 #~ "四番目の引き数 I<addr> には、コマンドごとに異ったデータ構造体のアドレスを"
13359 #~ "Enable quota. The I<addr> argument is the pathname of the file "
13360 #~ "containing the quota for the file system."
13362 #~ "quota を有効にする。 I<addr> 引き数には、そのファイル・システムの quota が"
13363 #~ "記録されているファイルの パス名を指定する。"
13365 #~ msgid "Disable quota."
13366 #~ msgstr "quota を無効にする。"
13368 #~ msgid "Set limits and current usage; I<addr> is as before."
13369 #~ msgstr "制限値と現在の使用量を設定する: I<addr> は同上。"
13371 #~ msgid "Set limits; I<addr> is as before."
13372 #~ msgstr "制限値を設定する; I<addr> は同上。"
13374 #~ msgid "Set usage."
13375 #~ msgstr "使用量を設定する。"
13377 #~ msgid "Sync disk copy of a file system's quota."
13378 #~ msgstr "ファイル・システムの quota ファイルをディスクと同期させる。"
13380 #~ msgid "Get collected stats."
13381 #~ msgstr "収集された統計を取得する。"
13384 #~ "On success, B<quotactl>() returns 0. On error, -1 is returned, and "
13385 #~ "I<errno> is set appropriately."
13387 #~ "B<quotactl>() は、成功時には 0 を返す。エラー時は、-1 を返すとともに、 "
13388 #~ "I<errno> が適切な値に設定される。"
13390 #~ msgid "B<Q_QUOTAON> was asked, but quotas were enabled already."
13391 #~ msgstr "B<Q_QUOTAON> の要求がなされたが、quota(s) は既に有効になっている。"
13393 #~ msgid "Bad I<addr> value."
13394 #~ msgstr "I<addr> の値に誤りがある。"
13397 #~ "I<type> is not a known quota type. Or, I<special> could not be found."
13399 #~ "I<type> が既知の quota の形式ではない。もしくは、 I<special> デバイスが見"
13402 #~ msgid "Too many open files: cannot open quota file."
13403 #~ msgstr "ファイルをオープンしすぎている: quota ファイルをオープン出来ない。"
13405 #~ msgid "I<special> cannot be found in the mount table."
13406 #~ msgstr "I<special> がマウント・テーブル内に見当たらない。"
13408 #~ msgid "The kernel was compiled without quota support."
13409 #~ msgstr "quota を使用可にしてカーネルをコンパイルしていない。"
13412 #~ "The process was not root (for the file system), and B<Q_GETQUOTA> was "
13413 #~ "asked for another I<id> than that of the process itself, or anything "
13414 #~ "other than B<Q_GETSTATS> or B<Q_SYNC> was asked."
13416 #~ "プロセスが (そのファイル・システムの) root のものではなく、 かつプロセス自"
13417 #~ "身のものとは異なる I<id> に対して B<Q_GETQUOTA> 要求を行なった。 もしく"
13418 #~ "は、 B<Q_GETSTATS>, B<Q_SYNC> 以外の要求がなされた。"
13421 #~ "B<Q_GETQUOTA> or B<Q_SETQUOTA> or B<Q_SETUSE> or B<Q_SETQLIM> was asked "
13422 #~ "for a file system that didn't have quota enabled."
13424 #~ "quota が有効になっていないファイル・システムに対して B<Q_GETQUOTA>, "
13425 #~ "B<Q_SETQUOTA>, B<Q_SETUSE>, B<Q_SETQLIM> のいずれかの要求がなされた。"