1 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
4 # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
8 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
9 "POT-Creation-Date: 2013-03-22 01:05+0900\n"
10 "PO-Revision-Date: 2013-03-24 01:20+0900\n"
11 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
12 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
15 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
16 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
19 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25
25 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25
31 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25 build/C/man2/futex.2:53
32 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27
33 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
34 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
35 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:26 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
36 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27
37 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:32 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
38 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:44
39 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19
40 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25 build/C/man2/splice.2:26
41 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vm86.2:26 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
47 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25 build/C/man2/futex.2:53
48 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26
49 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24
50 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8 build/C/man2/outb.2:26
51 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27
52 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27 build/C/man2/personality.2:32
53 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29
54 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:44 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27
55 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25
56 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:26 build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vm86.2:26
57 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
59 msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual"
60 msgstr "Linux Programmer's Manual"
63 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:26 build/C/man2/futex.2:54
64 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:30 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:28
65 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:27 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:28
66 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:25 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:9
67 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:27 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:9
68 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:28 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:28
69 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:33 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:11
70 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:30 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:45
71 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:28 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:20
72 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:26 build/C/man2/splice.2:27
73 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:27 build/C/man2/vm86.2:27 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:27
79 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:28
80 msgid "arch_prctl - set architecture-specific thread state"
81 msgstr "arch_prctl - アーキテクチャ固有のスレッド状態を設定する"
84 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:28 build/C/man2/futex.2:56
85 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:32 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:30
86 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:29 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:30
87 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:27 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:11
88 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:31 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:11
89 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:30 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:30
90 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:35 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:13
91 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:32 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:47
92 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:30 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:22
93 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:28 build/C/man2/splice.2:29
94 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:29 build/C/man2/vm86.2:29 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:29
100 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:31
102 msgid "B<#include E<lt>asm/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
103 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>asm/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
106 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:33
108 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
109 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
112 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:36
115 "B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long >I<addr>B<);>\n"
116 "B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long *>I<addr>B<);>\n"
117 msgstr "B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long *>I<addr>B<);>\n"
119 #. Return type was long before glibc 2.7
121 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:37 build/C/man2/futex.2:68
122 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:44 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:40
123 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:39 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:32
124 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:36 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:18
125 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:62 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:22
126 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:42 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:39
127 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:39 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:18
128 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:50 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:54
129 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:38 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:47
130 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:34 build/C/man2/splice.2:39
131 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:38 build/C/man2/vm86.2:35 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:39
137 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:52
139 "The B<arch_prctl>() function sets architecture-specific process or thread "
140 "state. I<code> selects a subfunction and passes argument I<addr> to it; "
141 "I<addr> is interpreted as either an I<unsigned long> for the \"set\" "
142 "operations, or as an I<unsigned long *>, for the \"get\" operations."
144 "B<arch_prctl>() 関数はアーキテクチャ固有のプロセス状態またはスレッド状態を設"
145 "定する。 I<code> は副機能を選択し、引き数 I<addr> を副機能に渡す。 I<addr> "
146 "は、\"set\" 操作では I<unsigned long> として、\"get\" 操作では I<unsigned "
150 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:54
151 msgid "Sub functions for x86-64 are:"
152 msgstr "x86-64 の副機能は以下の通り:"
155 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:54
157 msgid "B<ARCH_SET_FS>"
158 msgstr "B<ARCH_SET_FS>"
161 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:60
162 msgid "Set the 64-bit base for the I<FS> register to I<addr>."
163 msgstr "I<FS> レジスタの 64 ビットベースを I<addr> に設定する。"
166 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:60
168 msgid "B<ARCH_GET_FS>"
169 msgstr "B<ARCH_GET_FS>"
172 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:68
174 "Return the 64-bit base value for the I<FS> register of the current thread in "
175 "the I<unsigned long> pointed to by I<addr>."
177 "現在のスレッドの I<FS> レジスタの 64 ビットベース値を、 I<addr> が指す "
178 "I<unsigned long> の領域に格納する。"
181 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:68
183 msgid "B<ARCH_SET_GS>"
184 msgstr "B<ARCH_SET_GS>"
187 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:74
188 msgid "Set the 64-bit base for the I<GS> register to I<addr>."
189 msgstr "I<GS> レジスタの 64 ビットベースを I<addr> に設定する。"
192 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:74
194 msgid "B<ARCH_GET_GS>"
195 msgstr "B<ARCH_GET_GS>"
198 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:82
200 "Return the 64-bit base value for the I<GS> register of the current thread in "
201 "the I<unsigned long> pointed to by I<addr>."
203 "現在のスレッドの I<GS> レジスタの 64 ビットベース値を、 I<addr> が指す "
204 "I<unsigned long> の領域に格納する。"
207 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:82 build/C/man2/futex.2:209
208 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:77 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:81
209 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:114 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:43
210 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:98 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:51
211 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:50 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1804
212 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:190 build/C/man2/personality.2:57
213 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:101 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:209
214 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1713 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:108
215 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:88 build/C/man2/splice.2:127
216 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:85 build/C/man2/vm86.2:52 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:113
222 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:88
224 "On success, B<arch_prctl>() returns 0; on error, -1 is returned, and "
225 "I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
227 "成功すると、 B<arch_prctl>() は 0 を返す。エラーの場合、-1 を返し、 "
228 "I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
231 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:88 build/C/man2/futex.2:234
232 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:84 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:88
233 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:121 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:50
234 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:108 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:77
235 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1810 build/C/man2/personality.2:64
236 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:105 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:229
237 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1727 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:427
238 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:115 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:91
239 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:142 build/C/man2/tee.2:100 build/C/man2/vm86.2:57
240 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:122
246 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:89 build/C/man2/futex.2:249
247 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:111 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:51
248 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:109 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:251
249 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:256 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1731
250 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:428 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:125
251 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:58
257 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:93
259 "I<addr> points to an unmapped address or is outside the process address "
262 "I<addr> がアンマップされたアドレスを指しているか、プロセスのアドレス空間の外"
266 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:93 build/C/man2/futex.2:261
267 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:88 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:126
268 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:54 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:113
269 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:78 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1811
270 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:65 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:114
271 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:230 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:241
272 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:245 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1742
273 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:434 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:501
274 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:128 build/C/man2/splice.2:147
275 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:101 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:127
281 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:97
282 msgid "I<code> is not a valid subcommand."
283 msgstr "I<code> が有効なサブコマンドでない。"
286 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:97 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:98
287 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:133 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:65
288 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:105 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:120
289 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:267 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1752
290 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:456 build/C/man2/vm86.2:66
296 #. Man page written by Andi Kleen.
298 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:103
299 msgid "I<addr> is outside the process address space."
300 msgstr "I<addr> がプロセスのアドレス空間の外にある。"
303 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:103 build/C/man2/futex.2:296
304 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:96 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:142
305 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:78 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:130
306 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:56 build/C/man2/outb.2:87
307 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:110 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1829
308 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:199 build/C/man2/personality.2:68
309 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:128 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:279
310 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1770 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:148
311 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:97 build/C/man2/splice.2:170
312 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:119 build/C/man2/vm86.2:71 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:143
314 msgid "CONFORMING TO"
318 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:107
320 "B<arch_prctl>() is a Linux/x86-64 extension and should not be used in "
321 "programs intended to be portable."
323 "B<arch_prctl>() は Linux/x86-64 拡張であり、移植性を意図したプログラムでは使"
327 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:107 build/C/man2/futex.2:298
328 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:119 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:99
329 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:144 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:81
330 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:133 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1834
331 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:202 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:131
332 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:281 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1772
333 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:155 build/C/man2/splice.2:172
334 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:121 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:145
340 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:110
342 "B<arch_prctl>() is only supported on Linux/x86-64 for 64-bit programs "
345 "B<arch_prctl>() は現在のところ Linux/x86-64 上の 64 ビットプログラムでのみサ"
349 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:112
350 msgid "The 64-bit base changes when a new 32-bit segment selector is loaded."
352 "新しい 32 ビットセグメントセレクタがロードされた場合、 64 ビットベースは変更"
356 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:115
357 msgid "B<ARCH_SET_GS> is disabled in some kernels."
358 msgstr "B<ARCH_SET_GS> が無効にされているカーネルもある。"
361 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:130
363 "Context switches for 64-bit segment bases are rather expensive. It may be a "
364 "faster alternative to set a 32-bit base using a segment selector by setting "
365 "up an LDT with B<modify_ldt>(2) or using the B<set_thread_area>(2) system "
366 "call in kernel 2.5 or later. B<arch_prctl>() is only needed when you want "
367 "to set bases that are larger than 4GB. Memory in the first 2GB of address "
368 "space can be allocated by using B<mmap>(2) with the B<MAP_32BIT> flag."
370 "64 ビットセグメントベースのコンテキストスイッチは、やや高価である。 LDT を "
371 "B<modify_ldt>(2) で設定してセグメントセレクタを使うか、 (カーネル 2.5 以降"
372 "の) B<set_thread_area>(2) システムコールを使うことにより、 32 ビットベース"
373 "を設定するという高速な代替手段もある。 4GB より大きなベースを設定したい場合に"
374 "のみ、 B<arch_prctl>() が必要である。 アドレス空間の最初の 2GB にあるメモリ"
375 "は、 B<mmap>(2) に B<MAP_32BIT> フラグを指定して割り当てることができる。"
378 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:135
380 "As of version 2.7, glibc provides no prototype for B<arch_prctl>(). You "
381 "have to declare it yourself for now. This may be fixed in future glibc "
384 "バージョン 2.7 時点では、glibc には B<arch_prctl>() のプロトタイプがない。 "
385 "今のところユーザは自分自身で宣言する必要がある。 これは将来の glibc のバー"
389 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:138
390 msgid "I<FS> may be already used by the threading library."
391 msgstr "I<FS> はスレッドライブラリで既に使われているかもしれない。"
394 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:138 build/C/man2/futex.2:312
395 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:128 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:111
396 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:159 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:136
397 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:96 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:112
398 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1948 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:205
399 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:143 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:331
400 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1926 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:507
401 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:197 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:99
402 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:226 build/C/man2/tee.2:197
403 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:154
409 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:143
410 msgid "B<mmap>(2), B<modify_ldt>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<set_thread_area>(2)"
411 msgstr "B<mmap>(2), B<modify_ldt>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<set_thread_area>(2)"
414 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:145
415 msgid "AMD X86-64 Programmer's manual"
416 msgstr "AMD X86-64 Programmer's manual"
419 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:145 build/C/man2/futex.2:325
420 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:137 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:113
421 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:162 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:88
422 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:138 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:58
423 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:99 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:114
424 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1954 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:209
425 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:72 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:149
426 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:334 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1940
427 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:512 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:203
428 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:102 build/C/man2/splice.2:230
429 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:200 build/C/man2/vm86.2:74 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:157
435 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:152 build/C/man2/futex.2:332
436 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:144 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:120
437 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:169 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:95
438 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:145 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:65
439 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:106 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:121
440 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1961 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:216
441 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:79 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:156
442 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:341 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1947
443 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:519 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:210
444 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:109 build/C/man2/splice.2:237
445 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:207 build/C/man2/vm86.2:81 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:164
447 "This page is part of release 3.50 of the Linux I<man-pages> project. A "
448 "description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be "
449 "found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/."
451 "この man ページは Linux I<man-pages> プロジェクトのリリース 3.50 の一部\n"
452 "である。プロジェクトの説明とバグ報告に関する情報は\n"
453 "http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/ に書かれている。"
456 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:53
462 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:53
468 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:56
470 #| msgid "futex - Fast Userspace Locking system call"
471 msgid "futex - fast user-space locking"
472 msgstr "futex - 高速ユーザ空間ロック機構のシステムコール"
475 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:61
478 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
479 "B<#include E<lt>sys/time.hE<gt>>\n"
481 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
482 "B<#include E<lt>sys/time.hE<gt>>\n"
485 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:64
487 msgid "B<int futex(int *>I<uaddr>B<, int >I<op>B<, int >I<val>B<, const struct timespec *>I<timeout>B<,>\n"
488 msgstr "B<int futex(int *>I<uaddr>B<, int >I<op>B<, int >I<val>B<, const struct timespec *>I<timeout>B<,>\n"
490 #. int *? void *? u32 *?
492 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:67
494 msgid "B< int *>I<uaddr2>B<, int >I<val3>B<);>\n"
495 msgstr "B< int *>I<uaddr2>B<, int >I<val3>B<);>\n"
498 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:84
500 "The B<futex>() system call provides a method for a program to wait for a "
501 "value at a given address to change, and a method to wake up anyone waiting "
502 "on a particular address (while the addresses for the same memory in separate "
503 "processes may not be equal, the kernel maps them internally so the same "
504 "memory mapped in different locations will correspond for B<futex>() "
505 "calls). This system call is typically used to implement the contended case "
506 "of a lock in shared memory, as described in B<futex>(7)."
508 "B<futex>() システムコールは、 指定したアドレスの値が変更されるのをプログラム"
509 "が待つ手段や 特定のアドレスに対して待機中のプロセスを wake (起床) させる手段"
510 "を提供する (プロセスが異なれば同じメモリに対するアドレスも同じではないかもし"
511 "れないが、 カーネルは異なる位置にマップされた同じメモリを B<futex>() で使え"
512 "るよう内部でマップする)。 通常は、このシステムコールは B<futex>(7) に書かれ"
513 "ているように、 共有メモリ中のロックが競合する場合の処理を実装するのに用いられ"
517 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:91
520 #| "When a B<futex>(7) operation did not finish uncontended in userspace, a "
521 #| "call needs to be made to the kernel to arbitrate. Arbitration can either "
522 #| "mean putting the calling process to sleep or, conversely, waking a "
523 #| "waiting process."
525 "When a B<futex>(7) operation did not finish uncontended in user space, a "
526 "call needs to be made to the kernel to arbitrate. Arbitration can either "
527 "mean putting the calling process to sleep or, conversely, waking a waiting "
530 "B<futex>(7) の操作がユーザ空間で競合なく完了しなかった場合、 カーネルに仲裁"
531 "させるためにシステムコールを呼ぶ必要がある。 仲裁というのは、呼び出しプロセス"
532 "を sleep (起床待ち) させたり、反対に 待ちプロセスを wake させたりすることを意"
536 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:98
538 "Callers of this function are expected to adhere to the semantics as set out "
539 "in B<futex>(7). As these semantics involve writing nonportable assembly "
540 "instructions, this in turn probably means that most users will in fact be "
541 "library authors and not general application developers."
543 "この関数を呼び出すプロセスは B<futex>(7) に記述されているセマンティクスに忠"
544 "実であることが要求される。 このセマンティクスには移植不可能なアセンブリ命令を"
545 "書くことが含まれる。 このことは言い換えると futex のユーザのほとんどは実際は"
546 "ライブラリの作者であり、 一般アプリケーションの開発者ではないということであ"
550 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:106
552 "The I<uaddr> argument needs to point to an aligned integer which stores the "
553 "counter. The operation to execute is passed via the I<op> argument, along "
554 "with a value I<val>."
556 "I<uaddr> 引き数は、カウンタを格納する、 アラインメントの揃った int 型変数を指"
557 "している必要がある。 実行する操作は I<op> 引き数を介して、値 I<val> とともに"
561 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:108
562 msgid "Five operations are currently defined:"
563 msgstr "現在のところ 5 つの操作が定義されている:"
566 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:108 build/C/man2/futex.2:216
568 msgid "B<FUTEX_WAIT>"
569 msgstr "B<FUTEX_WAIT>"
572 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:126
575 #| "This operation atomically verifies that the futex address I<uaddr> still "
576 #| "contains the value I<val>, and sleeps awaiting B<FUTEX_WAKE> on this "
577 #| "futex address. If the I<timeout> argument is non-NULL, its contents "
578 #| "describe the maximum duration of the wait, which is infinite otherwise. "
579 #| "The arguments I<uaddr2> and I<val3> are ignored."
581 "This operation atomically verifies that the futex address I<uaddr> still "
582 "contains the value I<val>, and sleeps awaiting B<FUTEX_WAKE> on this futex "
583 "address. If the I<timeout> argument is non-NULL, its contents describe the "
584 "minimum duration of the wait, which is infinite otherwise. The arguments "
585 "I<uaddr2> and I<val3> are ignored."
587 "この操作は futex アドレス I<uaddr> に指定された値 I<val> がまだ格納されている"
588 "かどうかを不可分操作で検証し、 sleep 状態で この futex アドレスに対して "
589 "B<FUTEX_WAKE> が実行されるのを待つ。 I<timeout> 引き数が NULL でない場合、そ"
590 "の内容は 待ち時間の最大値を表す。NULL の場合は無限大を表す。 引き数 "
591 "I<uaddr2> と I<val3> は無視される。"
594 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:134
596 "For B<futex>(7), this call is executed if decrementing the count gave a "
597 "negative value (indicating contention), and will sleep until another process "
598 "releases the futex and executes the B<FUTEX_WAKE> operation."
600 "B<futex>(7) に照らし合わせると、この呼び出しは カウントのデクリメントで負の"
601 "値 (競合を表す) になった場合に実行され、 別のプロセスがその futex を解放し "
602 "B<FUTEX_WAKE> の操作を実行するまで sleep する。"
605 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:134 build/C/man2/futex.2:222
607 msgid "B<FUTEX_WAKE>"
608 msgstr "B<FUTEX_WAKE>"
611 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:145
613 "This operation wakes at most I<val> processes waiting on this futex address "
614 "(i.e., inside B<FUTEX_WAIT>). The arguments I<timeout>, I<uaddr2> and "
615 "I<val3> are ignored."
617 "この操作では指定した futex アドレスに対して待ち状態の (すなわち "
618 "B<FUTEX_WAIT> 中の) 最大 I<val> 個のプロセスを wake させる。 引き数 "
619 "I<timeout>, I<uaddr2>, I<val3> は無視される。"
622 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:151
624 "For B<futex>(7), this is executed if incrementing the count showed that "
625 "there were waiters, once the futex value has been set to 1 (indicating that "
628 "B<futex>(4) に照らし合わせると、 この操作は カウントのインクリメントで待ちプ"
629 "ロセスがあると判明し、 futex 値が 1 に設定された (利用可能であることを表す) "
633 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:151
635 msgid "B<FUTEX_FD> (present up to and including Linux 2.6.25)"
636 msgstr "B<FUTEX_FD> (Linux 2.6.25 以前)"
638 #. , suitable for .BR poll (2).
640 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:167
642 "To support asynchronous wakeups, this operation associates a file descriptor "
643 "with a futex. If another process executes a B<FUTEX_WAKE>, the process will "
644 "receive the signal number that was passed in I<val>. The calling process "
645 "must close the returned file descriptor after use. The arguments "
646 "I<timeout>, I<uaddr2> and I<val3> are ignored."
648 "非同期の wake に対応するため、この操作はファイルディスクリプタを futex に 関"
649 "連づける。 別のプロセスが B<FUTEX_WAKE> を実行すると、プロセスは I<val> で渡"
650 "されたシグナル番号のシグナルを受信する。 呼び出しプロセスは使用後、返された"
651 "ファイルディスクリプタを クローズしなければならない。 引き数 I<timeout>, "
652 "I<uaddr2>, I<val3> は無視される。"
655 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:172
657 "To prevent race conditions, the caller should test if the futex has been "
658 "upped after B<FUTEX_FD> returns."
660 "競合状態を防止するため、呼び出しプロセスは B<FUTEX_FD> が返ったあと futex が "
661 "up されたかどうかを確認しなければならない。"
664 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:176
666 "Because it was inherently racy, B<FUTEX_FD> has been removed from Linux "
669 "B<FUTEX_FD> はもともと競合が起きやすかったため、 Linux 2.6.26 以降で削除され"
673 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:176
675 msgid "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> (since Linux 2.5.70)"
676 msgstr "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> (Linux 2.5.70 以降)"
679 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:191
681 "This operation was introduced in order to avoid a \"thundering herd\" effect "
682 "when B<FUTEX_WAKE> is used and all processes woken up need to acquire "
683 "another futex. This call wakes up I<val> processes, and requeues all other "
684 "waiters on the futex at address I<uaddr2>. The arguments I<timeout> and "
685 "I<val3> are ignored."
687 "この操作は、 B<FUTEX_WAKE> が使われていて、かつ wake されている全てのプロセス"
688 "が 他の futex を取得する必要がある場合に、 「獣の群れの暴走 (thundering "
689 "herd)」効果を避けるために導入された。 この呼び出しは I<val> 個のプロセスを "
690 "wake し、アドレス I<uaddr2> で futex を待っている他の全てのプロセスを再度"
691 "キューにいれる。 引き数 I<timeout> と I<val3> は無視される。"
694 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:191
696 msgid "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> (since Linux 2.6.7)"
697 msgstr "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> (Linux 2.6.7 以降)"
700 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:209
702 "There was a race in the intended use of B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>, so "
703 "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> was introduced. This is similar to B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>, "
704 "but first checks whether the location I<uaddr> still contains the value "
705 "I<val3>. If not, the operation fails with the error B<EAGAIN>. The "
706 "argument I<timeout> is ignored."
708 "故意に B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> を使う場合に競合が起こるため、 B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> "
709 "が導入された。これは B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> と似ているが、場所 I<uaddr> に値 "
710 "I<val3> がまだ保持されているかを最初にチェックする。 保持されていない場合、操"
711 "作はエラー B<EAGAIN> で失敗する。引き数 I<timeout> は無視される。"
714 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:216
717 #| "In the event of an error, all operations return -1, and set I<errno> to "
718 #| "indicate the error."
720 "In the event of an error, all operations return -1, and set I<errno> to "
721 "indicate the error. The return value on success depends on the operation, "
722 "as described in the following list:"
724 "エラーの場合、全ての操作で -1 が返り、 I<errno> がエラーの内容を示す値に設定"
728 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:222
730 "Returns 0 if the process was woken by a B<FUTEX_WAKE> call. See ERRORS for "
731 "the various possible error returns."
735 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:225 build/C/man2/futex.2:231 build/C/man2/futex.2:234
736 msgid "Returns the number of processes woken up."
737 msgstr "wake したプロセスの数を返す。"
740 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:225
746 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:228
747 msgid "Returns the new file descriptor associated with the futex."
748 msgstr "futex に関連づけられた新たなファイルディスクリプタを返す。"
751 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:228
753 msgid "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>"
754 msgstr "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>"
757 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:231
759 msgid "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE>"
760 msgstr "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE>"
763 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:235 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:486
769 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:238
770 msgid "No read access to futex memory."
771 msgstr "futex メモリに読み込みアクセス権がなかった。"
774 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:238 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:116
780 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:249
783 #| "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> found an unexpected futex value. (This probably "
784 #| "indicates a race; use the safe B<FUTEX_WAKE> now.)"
786 "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> detected that the value pointed to by I<uaddr> is not "
787 "equal to the expected value I<val3>. (This probably indicates a race; use "
788 "the safe B<FUTEX_WAKE> now.)"
790 "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> で予期しない futex 値が見つかった (これは競合を示してい"
791 "るかもしれない。 この場合は安全な B<FUTEX_WAKE> を使うこと)。"
794 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:254
796 #| msgid "Error in getting I<timeout> information from userspace."
797 msgid "Error retrieving I<timeout> information from user space."
798 msgstr "ユーザ空間から I<timeout> の情報を取得する際にエラーが発生した。"
801 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:254
807 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:261
809 "A B<FUTEX_WAIT> operation was interrupted by a signal (see B<signal>(7)) or "
814 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:264
815 msgid "Invalid argument."
819 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:264
825 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:267
826 msgid "The system limit on the total number of open files has been reached."
827 msgstr "オープンされているファイルの総数がシステムの制限に達した。"
830 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:267 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:126
831 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:93 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:447
832 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:62
838 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:271
839 msgid "Invalid operation specified in I<op>."
840 msgstr "I<op> に無効な操作が指定された。"
843 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:271
849 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:276
850 msgid "Timeout during the B<FUTEX_WAIT> operation."
854 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:276
856 msgid "B<EWOULDBLOCK>"
860 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:286
862 "I<op> was B<FUTEX_WAIT> and the value pointed to by I<uaddr> was not equal "
863 "to the expected value I<val> at the time of the call."
867 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:286 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:115
868 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:94 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:138
869 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:73 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:196
870 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:125 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:276
871 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:142 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:94
872 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:165 build/C/man2/tee.2:114
873 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:138
879 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:296
881 "Initial futex support was merged in Linux 2.5.7 but with different semantics "
882 "from what was described above. A 4-argument system call with the semantics "
883 "described in this page was introduced in Linux 2.5.40. In Linux 2.5.70 one "
884 "argument was added. In Linux 2.6.7 a sixth argument was added\\(emmessy, "
885 "especially on the s390 architecture."
887 "最初の futex 対応は Linux 2.5.7 で組み込まれたが、 上記のセマンティクスとは異"
888 "なる。 4 つの引き数のここに書かれているセマンティクスを持つ システムコール"
889 "は、Linux 2.5.40 で導入された。 Linux 2.5.70 では 1 つの引き数が追加された。 "
890 "Linux 2.6.7 では 6 番目の引き数が追加された。 これは汚く、s390 アーキテクチャ"
894 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:298 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:144
895 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:99 build/C/man2/splice.2:172
896 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:121 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:145
897 msgid "This system call is Linux-specific."
898 msgstr "このシステムコールは Linux 固有である。"
902 #. Futexes were designed and worked on by
903 #. Hubertus Franke (IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center),
904 #. Matthew Kirkwood, Ingo Molnar (Red Hat)
905 #. and Rusty Russell (IBM Linux Technology Center).
906 #. This page written by bert hubert.
908 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:312
911 #| "To reiterate, bare futexes are not intended as an easy-to-use abstraction "
912 #| "for end-users. (There is no wrapper function for this system call in "
913 #| "glibc.) Implementors are expected to be assembly literate and to have "
914 #| "read the sources of the futex userspace library referenced below."
916 "To reiterate, bare futexes are not intended as an easy-to-use abstraction "
917 "for end-users. (There is no wrapper function for this system call in "
918 "glibc.) Implementors are expected to be assembly literate and to have read "
919 "the sources of the futex user-space library referenced below."
921 "繰り返すが、裸の futex はエンドユーザが容易に使うことのできる概念として 意図"
922 "されたものではない (glibc にはこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数はな"
923 "い)。 実装者は、アセンブリ言語に慣れており、以下に挙げる futex ユーザ空間ライ"
924 "ブラリの ソースを読み終えていることが要求される。"
927 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:314
932 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:317
934 "I<Fuss, Futexes and Furwocks: Fast Userlevel Locking in Linux> (proceedings "
935 "of the Ottawa Linux Symposium 2002), online at"
937 "I<Fuss, Futexes and Furwocks: Fast Userlevel Locking in Linux> (proceedings "
938 "of the Ottawa Linux Symposium 2002), online at"
941 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:320
943 #| msgid "http://kernel.org/doc/ols/2002/ols2002-pages-479-495.pdf"
945 "E<.UR http://kernel.org\\:/doc\\:/ols\\:/2002\\:/ols2002-pages-479-495.pdf> "
947 msgstr "http://kernel.org/doc/ols/2002/ols2002-pages-479-495.pdf"
950 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:322
951 msgid "Futex example library, futex-*.tar.bz2 at"
952 msgstr "futex の使用例ライブラリ, futex-*.tar.bz2"
955 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:325
957 #| msgid "ftp://ftp.nl.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/."
959 "E<.UR ftp://ftp.nl.kernel.org\\:/pub\\:/linux\\:/kernel\\:/people\\:/rusty/> "
961 msgstr "ftp://ftp.nl.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/."
964 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29
966 msgid "GET_ROBUST_LIST"
970 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26
971 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
973 #| msgid "2012-05-03"
978 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29
980 msgid "Linux System Calls"
984 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:32
985 msgid "get_robust_list, set_robust_list - get/set list of robust futexes"
989 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:36
992 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
993 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
995 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
996 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
999 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:40
1002 "B<long get_robust_list(int >I<pid>B<, struct robust_list_head **>I<head_ptr>B<,>\n"
1003 "B<\t\t\t size_t *>I<len_ptr>B<);>\n"
1004 "B<long set_robust_list(struct robust_list_head *>I<head>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);>\n"
1008 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:44
1009 msgid "I<Note>: There are no glibc wrappers for these system calls; see NOTES."
1013 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:49
1015 "The robust futex implementation needs to maintain per-thread lists of robust "
1016 "futexes which are unlocked when the thread exits. These lists are managed "
1017 "in user space; the kernel is only notified about the location of the head of "
1022 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:65
1024 "The B<get_robust_list>() system call returns the head of the robust futex "
1025 "list of the thread whose thread ID is specified in I<pid>. If I<pid> is 0, "
1026 "the head of the list for the calling thread is returned. The list head is "
1027 "stored in the location pointed to by I<head_ptr>. The size of the object "
1028 "pointed to by I<**head_ptr> is stored in I<len_ptr>."
1032 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:77
1034 "The B<set_robust_list>() system call requests the kernel to record the head "
1035 "of the list of robust futexes owned by the calling thread. The I<head> "
1036 "argument is the list head to record. The I<len> argument should be I<sizeof"
1041 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:84
1043 "The B<set_robust_list>() and B<get_robust_list>() system calls return zero "
1044 "when the operation is successful, an error code otherwise."
1048 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:88
1050 "The B<set_robust_list>() system call can fail with the following error:"
1054 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:94
1056 "I<len> does not match the size of structure B<struct robust_list_head> "
1057 "expected by kernel."
1061 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:98
1063 "The B<get_robust_list>() system call can fail with the following errors:"
1067 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:106
1069 "The calling process does not have permission to see the robust futex list of "
1070 "the thread with the thread ID I<pid>, and does not have the "
1071 "B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE> capability."
1075 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:106 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:271
1076 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1765 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:461
1077 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:504
1083 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:111
1084 msgid "No thread with the thread ID I<pid> could be found."
1088 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:115
1090 "The head of the robust futex list can't be stored at the location I<head>."
1094 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:119
1096 "These system calls were added in Linux 2.6.17. No library support is "
1097 "provided; use B<syscall>(2)."
1099 "これらのシステムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で追加された。ライブラリによる\n"
1100 "サポートは提供されていない。 B<syscall>(2) を使うこと。"
1103 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:124
1106 #| "These system calls are not needed by normal applications. No support for "
1107 #| "them is provided in glibc."
1109 "These system calls are not needed by normal applications. No support for "
1110 "them is provided in glibc. In the unlikely event that you want to call them "
1111 "directly, use B<syscall>(2)."
1113 "通常のアプリケーションでは、これらのシステムコールは必要ではない。\n"
1114 "glibc によるサポートは提供されていない。"
1117 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:128
1119 "A thread can have only one robust futex list; therefore applications that "
1120 "wish to use this functionality should use the robust mutexes provided by "
1124 #. .BR pthread_mutexattr_setrobust_np (3)
1126 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:131
1128 msgstr "B<futex>(2)"
1130 #. http://lwn.net/Articles/172149/
1132 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:137
1134 "I<Documentation/robust-futexes.txt> and I<Documentation/robust-futex-ABI."
1135 "txt> in the Linux kernel source tree"
1139 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27
1145 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27
1147 #| msgid "2009-02-20"
1152 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:30
1153 msgid "getunwind - copy the unwind data to caller's buffer"
1157 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:34
1160 #| "B<#include E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>\n"
1161 #| "B<#include E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>\n"
1163 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1164 "B<#include E<lt>linux/unwind.hE<gt>>\n"
1166 "B<#include E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>\n"
1167 "B<#include E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>\n"
1170 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:36
1172 msgid "B<long getunwind(void >I<*buf>B<, size_t >I<buf_size>B<);>\n"
1176 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:40 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:39
1177 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:36 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:42
1178 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:39 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:18
1179 msgid "I<Note>: There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES."
1183 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:42
1184 msgid "I<Note: this function is obsolete.>"
1188 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:52
1190 "The IA-64-specific B<getunwind>() system call copies the kernel's call "
1191 "frame unwind data into the buffer pointed to by I<buf> and returns the size "
1192 "of the unwind data; this data describes the gate page (kernel code that is "
1193 "mapped into user space)."
1197 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:64
1199 "The size of the buffer I<buf> is specified in I<buf_size>. The data is "
1200 "copied only if I<buf_size> is greater than or equal to the size of the "
1201 "unwind data and I<buf> is not NULL; otherwise, no data is copied, and the "
1202 "call succeeds, returning the size that would be needed to store the unwind "
1207 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:68
1209 "The first part of the unwind data contains an unwind table. The rest "
1210 "contains the associated unwind information, in no particular order. The "
1211 "unwind table contains entries of the following form:"
1215 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:73
1218 "\tu64 start; (64-bit address of start of function)\n"
1219 "\tu64 end; (64-bit address of end of function)\n"
1220 "\tu64 info; (BUF-relative offset to unwind info)\n"
1224 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:81
1226 "An entry whose I<start> value is zero indicates the end of the table. For "
1227 "more information about the format, see the I<IA-64 Software Conventions and "
1228 "Runtime Architecture> manual."
1232 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:88
1235 #| "On success, B<kexec_load>() returns 0. On error, -1 is returned and "
1236 #| "I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
1238 "On success, B<getunwind>() returns the size of unwind table. On error, -1 "
1239 "is returned and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
1241 "成功すると、 B<kexec_load> は 0 を返す。\n"
1242 "エラーの場合、 -1 が返り、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値が設定される。"
1245 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:94
1247 "B<getunwind>() fails with the error B<EFAULT> if the unwind info can't be "
1248 "stored in the space specified by I<buf>."
1252 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:96
1254 #| msgid "These calls are Linux-specific, available since Linux 2.0.26/2.1.11."
1255 msgid "This system call is available since Linux 2.4."
1257 "これらの呼び出しは Linux 特有のものであり、 Linux 2.0.26/2.1.11 から使用可能"
1261 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:99
1263 "This system call is Linux specific, and is available only on the IA-64 "
1268 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:107
1270 "This system call has been deprecated. The modern way to obtain the kernel's "
1271 "unwind data is via the gate DSO. The address of the ELF header for this DSO "
1272 "is passed to user level via B<AT_SYSINFO_EHDR> (see B<getauxval>(3))."
1276 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:111
1279 #| "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using "
1282 "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; in the unlikely event "
1283 "that you want to call it, use B<syscall>(2)."
1285 "glibc はこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数を提供していない。 B<syscall>"
1289 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:113
1290 msgid "B<getauxval>(3)"
1294 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26
1300 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:29
1301 msgid "kexec_load - load a new kernel for later execution"
1302 msgstr "kexec_load - 新しいカーネルを後で実行するためにロードする"
1305 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:31
1306 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/kexec.hE<gt>>"
1307 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>linux/kexec.hE<gt>>"
1310 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:33
1312 "B<long kexec_load(unsigned long >I<entry>B<, unsigned long >I<nr_segments>B<,"
1315 "B<long kexec_load(unsigned long >I<entry>B<, unsigned long >I<nr_segments>B<,"
1319 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:36
1320 msgid "B< struct kexec_segment *>I<segments>B<, unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>"
1321 msgstr "B< struct kexec_segment *>I<segments>B<, unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>"
1324 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:44
1326 "The B<kexec_load>() system call loads a new kernel that can be executed "
1327 "later by B<reboot>(2)."
1329 "B<kexec_load>() システムコールは、新しいカーネルをロードし、\n"
1330 "その後の B<reboot>(2) で実行できるようにする。"
1333 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:50
1335 "The I<flags> argument is a mask whose high-order bits control the operation "
1336 "of the call. The following values can be specified in I<flags>:"
1338 "I<flags> 引き数はマスクビットで、\n"
1339 "その上位ビットでシステムコールの呼び出しの動作を制御する。\n"
1340 "I<flags> には以下の値を指定できる。"
1343 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:50
1345 msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
1346 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
1348 #. FIXME figure out how this is really used
1350 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:54
1351 msgid "Execute the new kernel automatically on a system crash."
1352 msgstr "システムのクラッシュ時に、新しいカーネルを自動的に実行する。"
1355 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:54
1357 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT> (since Linux 2.7.27)"
1358 msgid "B<KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT> (since Linux 2.6.27)"
1359 msgstr "B<KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT> (Linux 2.7.27 以降)"
1362 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:64
1364 "Preserve the system hardware and software states before executing the new "
1365 "kernel. This could be used for system suspend. This flag is only available "
1366 "if the kernel was configured with B<CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP>, and is only "
1367 "effective if I<nr_segments> is greater than 0."
1370 "システムのハードウェアとソフトウェアの状態を保存する。\n"
1371 "システムの中断時 (suspend) などで使用できる。\n"
1372 "このフラグは、カーネルの設定で B<CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP> が有効の場合のみ\n"
1373 "利用可能であり、 I<nr_segments> が 0 より大きい場合のみ効果がある。"
1376 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:84
1378 "The low-order bits of I<flags> contain the architecture of the to-be-"
1379 "executed kernel. Specify (OR) the constant B<KEXEC_ARCH_DEFAULT> to use the "
1380 "current architecture, or one of the following architecture constants "
1381 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_386>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_X86_64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC>, "
1382 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_IA_64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_ARM>, "
1383 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_S390>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_SH>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS>, and "
1384 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS_LE>. The architecture must be executable on the CPU of "
1387 "I<flags> の下位ビットには、実行されるカーネルのアーキテクチャが入る。\n"
1388 "現在のアーキテクチャを使うことを意味する定数 B<KEXEC_ARCH_DEFAULT> か、\n"
1389 "アーキテクチャ定数 B<KEXEC_ARCH_386>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_X86_64>,\n"
1390 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_IA_64>,\n"
1391 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_ARM>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_S390>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_SH>,\n"
1392 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS_LE> の\n"
1393 "いずれか一つを (OR で) 指定する。指定するアーキテクチャは、\n"
1394 "システムの CPU で実行可能なものでなければならない。"
1397 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:98
1399 "The I<entry> argument is the physical entry address in the kernel image. "
1400 "The I<nr_segments> argument is the number of segments pointed to by the "
1401 "I<segments> pointer. The I<segments> argument is an array of "
1402 "I<kexec_segment> structures which define the kernel layout:"
1404 "I<entry> 引き数は、カーネルイメージの物理エントリーアドレスである。\n"
1405 "I<nr_segments> 引き数は、 I<segments> ポインタが指すセグメントの\n"
1406 "数である。 I<segments> 引き数は I<kexec_segment> 構造体の配列で、\n"
1407 "この構造体によりカーネルの配置が定義される。"
1410 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:107
1413 "struct kexec_segment {\n"
1414 " void *buf; /* Buffer in user space */\n"
1415 " size_t bufsz; /* Buffer length in user space */\n"
1416 " void *mem; /* Physical address of kernel */\n"
1417 " size_t memsz; /* Physical address length */\n"
1420 "struct kexec_segment {\n"
1421 " void *buf; /* Buffer in user space */\n"
1422 " size_t bufsz; /* Buffer length in user space */\n"
1423 " void *mem; /* Physical address of kernel */\n"
1424 " size_t memsz; /* Physical address length */\n"
1427 #. FIXME elaborate on the following:
1429 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:114
1431 "The kernel image defined by I<segments> is copied from the calling process "
1432 "into previously reserved memory."
1434 "I<segments> で定義されたカーネルイメージは、\n"
1435 "呼び出したプロセスから予約済みメモリにコピーされる。"
1438 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:121
1440 "On success, B<kexec_load>() returns 0. On error, -1 is returned and "
1441 "I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
1443 "成功すると、 B<kexec_load> は 0 を返す。\n"
1444 "エラーの場合、 -1 が返り、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値が設定される。"
1447 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:122 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:110
1448 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1728 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:495
1454 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:126
1456 "Another crash kernel is already being loaded or a crash kernel is already in "
1459 "別のクラッシュカーネルがすでにロードされているか、\n"
1460 "クラッシュカーネルがすでに使用されている。"
1462 #. KEXEC_SEGMENT_MAX == 16
1464 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:133
1465 msgid "I<flags> is invalid; or I<nr_segments> is too large"
1466 msgstr "I<flags> が無効である。 I<nr_segments> が大きすぎる。"
1469 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:138
1470 msgid "The caller does not have the B<CAP_SYS_BOOT> capability."
1471 msgstr "呼び出し側が B<CAP_SYS_BOOT> ケーパビリティを持っていない。"
1474 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:142
1475 msgid "The B<kexec_load>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.13."
1476 msgstr "B<kexec_load>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.13 で初めて登場した。"
1479 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:149
1481 "Currently, there is no glibc support for B<kexec_load>(). Call it using "
1484 "現在のところ、 B<kexec_load>() は glibc ではサポートされていない。\n"
1485 "B<syscall>(2) を使って呼び出すこと。"
1487 #. FIXME Andi submitted a patch for this.
1488 #. Check if it got accepted later.
1490 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:156
1493 #| "The required constants are in the kernel source file I<linux/kexec.h>, "
1494 #| "which is not currently exported to glibc. Therefore, these constants "
1495 #| "must be defined manually."
1497 "The required constants are in the Linux kernel source file I<linux/kexec.h>, "
1498 "which is not currently exported to glibc. Therefore, these constants must "
1499 "be defined manually."
1501 "必要な定数はカーネルのソースファイル I<linux/kexec.h> で定義されている\n"
1502 "が、現在のところ glibc には公開されていない。\n"
1503 "そのため、これらの定数は手動で定義しなければならない。"
1506 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:159
1508 "This system call is only available if the kernel was configured with "
1511 "このシステムコールは、カーネルの設定で B<CONFIG_KEXEC> が有効になって\n"
1515 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:162
1516 msgid "B<reboot>(2), B<syscall>(2)"
1517 msgstr "B<reboot>(2), B<syscall>(2)"
1520 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
1522 msgid "LOOKUP_DCOOKIE"
1523 msgstr "LOOKUP_DCOOKIE"
1526 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
1532 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:30
1533 msgid "lookup_dcookie - return a directory entry's path"
1534 msgstr "lookup_dcookie - ディレクトリ・エントリのパス名を返す"
1537 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:32
1539 "B<int lookup_dcookie(u64 >I<cookie>B<, char *>I<buffer>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);"
1542 "B<int lookup_dcookie(u64 >I<cookie>B<, char *>I<buffer>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);"
1546 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:38
1548 "Look up the full path of the directory entry specified by the value "
1549 "I<cookie>. The cookie is an opaque identifier uniquely identifying a "
1550 "particular directory entry. The buffer given is filled in with the full "
1551 "path of the directory entry."
1553 "I<cookie> 値で指定されたディレクトリ・エントリのフルパス名を検索する。 "
1554 "cookie は、個々のディレクトリ・エントリを区別する内部識別子 (opaque "
1555 "identifier) である。引き数で指定されたバッファに、ディレクトリ・エントリの フ"
1559 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:43
1561 "For B<lookup_dcookie>() to return successfully, the kernel must still hold "
1562 "a cookie reference to the directory entry."
1564 "B<lookup_dcookie>() が正常に値を返すためには、カーネルがディレクトリ・エント"
1565 "リへの cookie 参照を 保持していなければならない。"
1568 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:50
1570 "On success, B<lookup_dcookie>() returns the length of the path string "
1571 "copied into the buffer. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set "
1574 "成功した場合、 B<lookup_dcookie>() はバッファにコピーしたパス文字列の長さを"
1575 "返す。 エラーの場合は -1 を返し、 I<errno> に適切な値を設定する。"
1578 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:54
1579 msgid "The buffer was not valid."
1580 msgstr "バッファが有効でなかった。"
1583 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:58
1585 "The kernel has no registered cookie/directory entry mappings at the time of "
1586 "lookup, or the cookie does not refer to a valid directory entry."
1588 "検索が行われた時、cookie とディレクトリ・エントリのマッピングがカーネルに 登"
1589 "録されていなかったか、または cookie が有効なディレクトリ・エントリを 参照して"
1593 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:58
1595 msgid "B<ENAMETOOLONG>"
1596 msgstr "B<ENAMETOOLONG>"
1599 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:61
1600 msgid "The name could not fit in the buffer."
1601 msgstr "名前がバッファに入り切らなかった。"
1604 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:61 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:262
1605 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:138 build/C/man2/splice.2:155
1606 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:111 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:135
1612 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:65
1614 "The kernel could not allocate memory for the temporary buffer holding the "
1617 "カーネルが、パス名を保持する一時バッファ用のメモリを割り当てることが できな"
1621 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:70
1623 "The process does not have the capability B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> required to look "
1626 "プロセスが cookie 値を検索するのに必要なケーパビリティ B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> を"
1630 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:70 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:474
1636 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:73
1638 "The buffer was not large enough to hold the path of the directory entry."
1640 "バッファが、ディレクトリ・エントリのパス名を収容するのに 十分な大きさではな"
1644 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:78
1646 "Available since Linux 2.5.43. The B<ENAMETOOLONG> error return was added in "
1649 "Linux 2.5.43 以降で利用できる。 エラー B<ENAMETOOLONG> を返す仕様は 2.5.70 で"
1653 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:81
1654 msgid "B<lookup_dcookie>() is Linux-specific."
1655 msgstr "B<lookup_dcookie>() は Linux 独自の関数である。"
1658 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:85
1660 "B<lookup_dcookie>() is a special-purpose system call, currently used only "
1661 "by the oprofile profiler. It relies on a kernel driver to register cookies "
1662 "for directory entries."
1664 "B<lookup_dcookie>() は特殊な用途に使われるシステムコールで、現在のところ "
1665 "oprofile profiler で 使われているだけである。"
1668 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:88
1670 "The path returned may be suffixed by the string \" (deleted)\" if the "
1671 "directory entry has been removed."
1673 "指定されたディレクトリ・エントリが削除されていた場合、返されるパス名の最後に "
1674 "\" (deleted)\" という文字列が付加されることがある。"
1677 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24
1683 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:27
1684 msgid "modify_ldt - get or set ldt"
1685 msgstr "modify_ldt - ldt を設定または取得する"
1688 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:30
1690 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
1691 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
1694 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:32
1696 msgid "B<int modify_ldt(int >I<func>B<, void *>I<ptr>B<, unsigned long >I<bytecount>B<);>\n"
1697 msgstr "B<int modify_ldt(int >I<func>B<, void *>I<ptr>B<, unsigned long >I<bytecount>B<);>\n"
1700 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:41
1702 "B<modify_ldt>() reads or writes the local descriptor table (ldt) for a "
1703 "process. The ldt is a per-process memory management table used by the i386 "
1704 "processor. For more information on this table, see an Intel 386 processor "
1707 "B<modify_ldt>() はプロセスのローカル・ディスクリプタ・テーブル (local "
1708 "descriptor table; ldt) を読み書きする。 ldt は i386 プロセッサで使用されるプ"
1709 "ロセスごとのメモリ管理テーブルである。 このテーブルに関してのより詳しい情報"
1710 "は Intel 386 processor handbook を 参照すること。"
1713 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:51
1715 "When I<func> is 0, B<modify_ldt>() reads the ldt into the memory pointed to "
1716 "by I<ptr>. The number of bytes read is the smaller of I<bytecount> and the "
1717 "actual size of the ldt."
1719 "I<func> が 0 ならば、 B<modify_ldt>() は ldt を I<ptr> が指しているメモリに"
1720 "読み込む。 読み込むバイト数は実際の ldt のサイズか I<bytecount> より小さい方"
1723 #. FIXME ? say something about func == 2 and func == 0x11?
1724 #. In Linux 2.4, func == 2 returned "the default ldt"
1725 #. In Linux 2.6, func == 2 is a nop, returning a zeroed out structure.
1726 #. Linux 2.4 and 2.6 implement an operation for func == 0x11
1728 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:69
1730 "When I<func> is 1, B<modify_ldt>() modifies one ldt entry. I<ptr> points "
1731 "to a I<user_desc> structure and I<bytecount> must equal the size of this "
1734 "I<func> が 1 ならば、 B<modify_ldt>() は ldt エントリの一つを変更する。 "
1735 "I<ptr> は I<user_desc> 構造体を指し、 I<bytecount> はこの構造体の大きさに等し"
1739 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:73
1740 msgid "The I<user_desc> structure is defined in I<E<lt>asm/ldt.hE<gt>> as:"
1742 "I<user_desc> 構造体は I<E<lt>asm/ldt.hE<gt>> で以下のように定義されている:"
1745 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:87
1748 "struct user_desc {\n"
1749 " unsigned int entry_number;\n"
1750 " unsigned long base_addr;\n"
1751 " unsigned int limit;\n"
1752 " unsigned int seg_32bit:1;\n"
1753 " unsigned int contents:2;\n"
1754 " unsigned int read_exec_only:1;\n"
1755 " unsigned int limit_in_pages:1;\n"
1756 " unsigned int seg_not_present:1;\n"
1757 " unsigned int useable:1;\n"
1760 "struct user_desc {\n"
1761 " unsigned int entry_number;\n"
1762 " unsigned long base_addr;\n"
1763 " unsigned int limit;\n"
1764 " unsigned int seg_32bit:1;\n"
1765 " unsigned int contents:2;\n"
1766 " unsigned int read_exec_only:1;\n"
1767 " unsigned int limit_in_pages:1;\n"
1768 " unsigned int seg_not_present:1;\n"
1769 " unsigned int useable:1;\n"
1773 #. The ldt is specific for the calling process. Any attempts to change
1774 #. the ldt to include the address space of another process or the kernel
1775 #. will result in a segmentation violation when trying to access the memory
1776 #. outside of the process address space. The memory protection is enforced
1777 #. at the paging layer.
1779 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:98
1780 msgid "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, this structure was named I<modify_ldt_ldt_s>."
1782 "Linux 2.4 以前では、この構造体は I<modify_ldt_ldt_s> という名前であった。"
1785 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:108
1787 "On success, B<modify_ldt>() returns either the actual number of bytes read "
1788 "(for reading) or 0 (for writing). On failure, B<modify_ldt>() returns -1 "
1789 "and sets I<errno> to indicate the error."
1791 "成功した場合は、 B<modify_ldt>() は (読み込みの場合は) 実際に読み込んだバイ"
1792 "ト数、 または (書き込みの場合は) 0 を返す。 失敗した場合は B<modify_ldt>() "
1793 "は -1 を返し、 I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
1796 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:113
1797 msgid "I<ptr> points outside the address space."
1798 msgstr "I<ptr> がアドレス空間の外を指している。"
1801 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:126
1803 "I<ptr> is 0, or I<func> is 1 and I<bytecount> is not equal to the size of "
1804 "the structure I<modify_ldt_ldt_s>, or I<func> is 1 and the new ldt entry has "
1807 "I<ptr> が 0 である、 または I<func> が 1 で I<bytecount> が "
1808 "I<modify_ldt_ldt_s> 構造体のサイズと等しくないか、 I<func> が 1 で新しい ldt "
1812 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:130
1813 msgid "I<func> is neither 0 nor 1."
1814 msgstr "I<func> が 0 でも 1 でもない。"
1817 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:133
1819 "This call is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs intended to "
1822 "このコールは Linux 特有であり、移植を意図したプログラムでは 使用してはいけな"
1826 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:136 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:205
1827 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:134
1829 "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using "
1832 "glibc はこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数を提供していない。 B<syscall>"
1836 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:138
1841 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
1847 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
1853 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:11
1854 msgid "nfsservctl - syscall interface to kernel nfs daemon"
1855 msgstr "nfsservctl - カーネル nfs デーモンのためのインターフェース"
1858 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:14
1860 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/nfsd/syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1861 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>linux/nfsd/syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1864 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:17
1867 "B<long nfsservctl(int >I<cmd>B<, struct nfsctl_arg *>I<argp>B<,>\n"
1868 "B< union nfsctl_res *>I<resp>B<);>\n"
1870 "B<long nfsservctl(int >I<cmd>B<, struct nfsctl_arg *>I<argp>B<,>\n"
1871 "B< union nfsctl_res *>I<resp>B<);>\n"
1874 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:21
1875 msgid "I<Note>: Since Linux 3.1, this system call no longer exists."
1876 msgstr "I<注意>: Linux 3.1 以降では、このシステムコールはもはや存在しない。"
1879 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:33
1883 " * These are the commands understood by nfsctl().\n"
1885 "#define NFSCTL_SVC 0 /* This is a server process. */\n"
1886 "#define NFSCTL_ADDCLIENT 1 /* Add an NFS client. */\n"
1887 "#define NFSCTL_DELCLIENT 2 /* Remove an NFS client. */\n"
1888 "#define NFSCTL_EXPORT 3 /* export a file system. */\n"
1889 "#define NFSCTL_UNEXPORT 4 /* unexport a file system. */\n"
1890 "#define NFSCTL_UGIDUPDATE 5 /* update a client's UID/GID map. */\n"
1891 "#define NFSCTL_GETFH 6 /* get an fh (used by mountd) */\n"
1894 " * nfsctl() によって理解されるコマンド\n"
1896 "#define NFSCTL_SVC 0 /* サーバープロセス */\n"
1897 "#define NFSCTL_ADDCLIENT 1 /* NFS クライアントを追加 */\n"
1898 "#define NFSCTL_DELCLIENT 2 /* NFS クライアンドを削除 */\n"
1899 "#define NFSCTL_EXPORT 3 /* ファイルシステムのエクスポート */\n"
1900 "#define NFSCTL_UNEXPORT 4 /* ファイルシステムのアンエクスポート */\n"
1901 "#define NFSCTL_UGIDUPDATE 5 /* UID/GID マップの更新 */\n"
1902 "#define NFSCTL_GETFH 6 /* (mountd で使用される) fh の取得 */\n"
1905 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:45
1908 "struct nfsctl_arg {\n"
1909 " int ca_version; /* safeguard */\n"
1911 " struct nfsctl_svc u_svc;\n"
1912 " struct nfsctl_client u_client;\n"
1913 " struct nfsctl_export u_export;\n"
1914 " struct nfsctl_uidmap u_umap;\n"
1915 " struct nfsctl_fhparm u_getfh;\n"
1916 " unsigned int u_debug;\n"
1920 "struct nfsctl_arg {\n"
1921 " int ca_version; /* safeguard */\n"
1923 " struct nfsctl_svc u_svc;\n"
1924 " struct nfsctl_client u_client;\n"
1925 " struct nfsctl_export u_export;\n"
1926 " struct nfsctl_uidmap u_umap;\n"
1927 " struct nfsctl_fhparm u_getfh;\n"
1928 " unsigned int u_debug;\n"
1933 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:50
1936 "union nfsctl_res {\n"
1937 " struct knfs_fh cr_getfh;\n"
1938 " unsigned int cr_debug;\n"
1941 "union nfsctl_res {\n"
1942 " struct knfs_fh cr_getfh;\n"
1943 " unsigned int cr_debug;\n"
1947 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:56 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:105
1948 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:57
1950 "On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set "
1953 "成功した場合は 0 が返される。エラーの場合は -1 が返され、 I<errno> が適切に設"
1957 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:58
1958 msgid "This call is Linux-specific."
1959 msgstr "このコールは Linux 特有である。"
1962 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:26
1968 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:26
1970 #| msgid "2012-05-03"
1975 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:31
1977 "outb, outw, outl, outsb, outsw, outsl, inb, inw, inl, insb, insw, insl, "
1978 "outb_p, outw_p, outl_p, inb_p, inw_p, inl_p - port I/O"
1980 "outb, outw, outl, outsb, outsw, outsl, inb, inw, inl, insb, insw, insl, "
1981 "outb_p, outw_p, outl_p, inb_p, inw_p, inl_p - ポート入出力"
1984 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:34
1986 #| msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
1987 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/io.hE<gt>>\n"
1988 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
1991 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:41
1994 "B<unsigned char inb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1995 "B<unsigned char inb_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1996 "B<unsigned short int inw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1997 "B<unsigned short int inw_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1998 "B<unsigned int inl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1999 "B<unsigned int inl_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2003 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:48
2006 "B<void outb(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2007 "B<void outb_p(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2008 "B<void outw(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2009 "B<void outw_p(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2010 "B<void outl(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2011 "B<void outl_p(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
2015 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:61
2018 "B<void insb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2019 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2020 "B<void insw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2021 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2022 "B<void insl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2023 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2024 "B<void outsb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2025 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2026 "B<void outsw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2027 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2028 "B<void outsl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2029 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2033 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:67
2035 "This family of functions is used to do low-level port input and output. The "
2036 "out* functions do port output, the in* functions do port input; the b-suffix "
2037 "functions are byte-width and the w-suffix functions word-width; the _p-"
2038 "suffix functions pause until the I/O completes."
2040 "この一連の関数はポートに対する低レベルの入出力に使用する。 out* 関数はポート"
2041 "出力、in* 関数はポート入力を行う。 語尾に b がついている関数はバイト単位、w "
2042 "がついている関数はワード単位である。 _p がついている関数は I/O が終了するまで"
2045 #. , given the following information
2046 #. in addition to that given in
2049 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:73
2051 "They are primarily designed for internal kernel use, but can be used from "
2054 "これらの関数はもともとカーネル内部での使用を想定して設計されているが、 ユー"
2058 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:78
2061 #| "You compile with B<-O> or B<-O2> or similar. The functions are defined "
2062 #| "as inline macros, and will not be substituted in without optimization "
2063 #| "enabled, causing unresolved references at link time."
2065 "You must compile with B<-O> or B<-O2> or similar. The functions are defined "
2066 "as inline macros, and will not be substituted in without optimization "
2067 "enabled, causing unresolved references at link time."
2069 "B<-O> や B<-O2> などを指定してコンパイルすること。 これらの関数はインライン・"
2070 "マクロとして定義されており、 最適化を行わないと関数の展開が行われず、 リンク"
2071 "の時に「解決できない参照(unresolved reference)」が発生する。"
2074 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:87
2076 "You use B<ioperm>(2) or alternatively B<iopl>(2) to tell the kernel to "
2077 "allow the user space application to access the I/O ports in question. "
2078 "Failure to do this will cause the application to receive a segmentation "
2081 "ユーザー空間のアプリケーションが I/O ポートにアクセスすることを カーネルに教"
2082 "えるために B<ioperm>(2) もしくは B<iopl>(2) を使用すること。これを忘れると"
2083 "アプリケーションはセグメンテーション違反 (segmentation fault) を受けとること"
2087 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:96
2089 "B<outb>() and friends are hardware-specific. The I<value> argument is "
2090 "passed first and the I<port> argument is passed second, which is the "
2091 "opposite order from most DOS implementations."
2093 "B<outb>() とその仲間はハードウェア特有である。 I<value> 引数が最初に渡さ"
2094 "れ、 I<port> 引数が二番目に渡される。 この順序はほとんどの DOS での実装とは逆"
2098 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:99
2099 msgid "B<ioperm>(2), B<iopl>(2)"
2100 msgstr "B<ioperm>(2), B<iopl>(2)"
2103 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
2105 msgid "PCICONFIG_READ"
2106 msgstr "PCICONFIG_READ"
2109 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
2115 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:11
2117 "pciconfig_read, pciconfig_write, pciconfig_iobase - pci device information "
2120 "pciconfig_read, pciconfig_write, pciconfig_iobase - pci デバイス情報を扱う"
2123 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:14
2125 msgid "B<#include E<lt>pci.hE<gt>>\n"
2126 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>pci.hE<gt>>\n"
2129 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:21
2132 "B<int pciconfig_read(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2133 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2134 "B<int pciconfig_write(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2135 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2136 "B<int pciconfig_iobase(long >I<which>B<, unsigned long >I<bus>B<,>\n"
2137 "B< unsigned long >I<devfn>B<);>\n"
2139 "B<int pciconfig_read(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2140 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2141 "B<int pciconfig_write(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2142 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2143 "B<int pciconfig_iobase(long >I<which>B<, unsigned long >I<bus>B<,>\n"
2144 "B< unsigned long >I<devfn>B<);>\n"
2147 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:27
2150 #| "Most of the interaction with PCI devices is already handled by the kernel "
2151 #| "PCI layer, and thus these calls should not normally need to be accessed "
2152 #| "from userspace."
2154 "Most of the interaction with PCI devices is already handled by the kernel "
2155 "PCI layer, and thus these calls should not normally need to be accessed from "
2158 "PCI デバイスとのやり取り (interaction) は カーネル PCI レイヤですでに処理され"
2159 "ているので、 通常はこららの関数をユーザ空間からアクセスする必要はない。"
2162 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:27 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:51
2164 msgid "B<pciconfig_read>()"
2165 msgstr "B<pciconfig_read>()"
2168 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:36
2169 msgid "Reads to I<buf> from device I<dev> at offset I<off> value."
2170 msgstr "デバイス I<dev> のオフセット I<off> の値を I<buf> に読み込む。"
2173 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:36 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:57
2175 msgid "B<pciconfig_write>()"
2176 msgstr "B<pciconfig_write>()"
2179 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:45
2180 msgid "Writes from I<buf> to device I<dev> at offset I<off> value."
2181 msgstr "デバイス I<dev> のオフセット I<off> に I<buf> の値を書き込む。"
2184 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:45 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:63
2186 msgid "B<pciconfig_iobase>()"
2187 msgstr "B<pciconfig_iobase>()"
2190 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:50
2192 "You pass it a bus/devfn pair and get a physical address for either the "
2193 "memory offset (for things like prep, this is 0xc0000000), the IO base for "
2194 "PIO cycles, or the ISA holes if any."
2196 "bus/devfn ペアをこの関数に渡し、 メモリオフセット (prep のようなものでは、こ"
2197 "の値は 0xc0000000 である) と PIO サイクルの IO ベースの物理アドレスを取得す"
2198 "る。 また、もしあるならば ISA hole の物理アドレスを取得する。"
2201 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:57 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:63
2203 "On success zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned and I<errno> is set "
2206 "成功した場合、0 が返される。 エラーの場合、-1 が返され、 I<errno> が適切に設"
2210 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:77
2212 "Returns information on locations of various I/O regions in physical memory "
2213 "according to the I<which> value. Values for I<which> are: "
2214 "B<IOBASE_BRIDGE_NUMBER>, B<IOBASE_MEMORY>, B<IOBASE_IO>, B<IOBASE_ISA_IO>, "
2215 "B<IOBASE_ISA_MEM>."
2217 "I<which> の値に基づいて、物理メモリ内の様々な I/O 領域の位置情報が返される。 "
2218 "I<which> の値は、 B<IOBASE_BRIDGE_NUMBER>, B<IOBASE_MEMORY>, B<IOBASE_IO>, "
2219 "B<IOBASE_ISA_IO>, B<IOBASE_ISA_MEM> である。"
2222 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:84
2223 msgid "I<len> value is invalid. This does not apply to B<pciconfig_iobase>()."
2225 "I<len> の値が無効である。 このエラーは B<pciconfig_iobase>() には適用されな"
2229 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:84 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1745
2230 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:134
2236 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:87
2241 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:87
2247 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:93
2249 "For B<pciconfig_iobase>(), \"hose\" value is NULL. For the other calls, "
2250 "could not find a slot."
2252 "B<pciconfig_iobase>() の場合、でホース (hose) の値が NULL である。 他の呼び"
2253 "出しの場合、スロット (slot) が見つからない。"
2256 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:98
2257 msgid "The system has not implemented these calls (B<CONFIG_PCI> not defined)."
2259 "このシステムはこれらの呼び出しを実装していない。 (B<CONFIG_PCI> が定義されて"
2263 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:98
2265 msgid "B<EOPNOTSUPP>"
2266 msgstr "B<EOPNOTSUPP>"
2269 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:105
2271 "This return value is only valid for B<pciconfig_iobase>(). It is returned "
2272 "if the value for I<which> is invalid."
2274 "この返り値は B<pciconfig_iobase>() でのみ有効である。 このエラーは I<which> "
2278 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:110
2280 "User does not have the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability. This does not apply to "
2281 "B<pciconfig_iobase>()."
2283 "ユーザが B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> 権限を持っていない。 このエラーは "
2284 "B<pciconfig_iobase>() には適用されない。"
2287 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:112
2288 msgid "These calls are Linux-specific, available since Linux 2.0.26/2.1.11."
2290 "これらの呼び出しは Linux 特有のものであり、 Linux 2.0.26/2.1.11 から使用可能"
2294 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:114
2295 msgid "B<capabilities>(7)"
2296 msgstr "B<capabilities>(7)"
2299 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27
2301 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
2302 msgid "PERF_EVENT_OPEN"
2303 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
2306 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27
2308 #| msgid "2012-04-25"
2313 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:30
2314 msgid "perf_event_open - set up performance monitoring"
2318 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:34
2321 #| "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
2322 #| "B<#include E<lt>sys/time.hE<gt>>\n"
2324 "B<#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>>\n"
2325 "B<#include E<lt>linux/hw_breakpoint.hE<gt>>\n"
2327 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
2328 "B<#include E<lt>sys/time.hE<gt>>\n"
2331 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:38
2334 "B<int perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *>I<attr>B<,>\n"
2335 "B< pid_t >I<pid>B<, int >I<cpu>B<, int >I<group_fd>B<,>\n"
2336 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
2340 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:47
2342 "Given a list of parameters, B<perf_event_open>() returns a file descriptor, "
2343 "for use in subsequent system calls (B<read>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<prctl>(2), "
2344 "B<fcntl>(2), etc.)."
2348 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:55
2350 "A call to B<perf_event_open>() creates a file descriptor that allows "
2351 "measuring performance information. Each file descriptor corresponds to one "
2352 "event that is measured; these can be grouped together to measure multiple "
2353 "events simultaneously."
2357 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:62
2359 "Events can be enabled and disabled in two ways: via B<ioctl>(2) and via "
2360 "B<prctl>(2)B<.> When an event is disabled it does not count or generate "
2361 "overflows but does continue to exist and maintain its count value."
2365 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:76
2367 "Events come in two flavors: counting and sampled. A I<counting> event is "
2368 "one that is used for counting the aggregate number of events that occur. In "
2369 "general, counting event results are gathered with a B<read>(2) call. A "
2370 "I<sampling> event periodically writes measurements to a buffer that can then "
2371 "be accessed via B<mmap>(2)B<.>"
2375 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:76
2381 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:90
2383 "The argument I<pid> allows events to be attached to processes in various "
2384 "ways. If I<pid> is 0, measurements happen on the current thread, if I<pid> "
2385 "is greater than 0, the process indicated by I<pid> is measured, and if "
2386 "I<pid> is -1, all processes are counted."
2390 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:101
2392 "The I<cpu> argument allows measurements to be specific to a CPU. If I<cpu> "
2393 "is greater than or equal to 0, measurements are restricted to the specified "
2394 "CPU; if I<cpu> is -1, the events are measured on all CPUs."
2398 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:107
2400 "Note that the combination of I<pid> == -1 and I<cpu> == -1 is not valid."
2404 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:115
2406 "A I<pid> E<gt> 0 and I<cpu> == -1 setting measures per-process and follows "
2407 "that process to whatever CPU the process gets scheduled to. Per-process "
2408 "events can be created by any user."
2412 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:126
2414 "A I<pid> == -1 and I<cpu> E<gt>= 0 setting is per-CPU and measures all "
2415 "processes on the specified CPU. Per-CPU events need the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> "
2416 "capability or a I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid> value of less than 1."
2420 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:148
2422 "The I<group_fd> argument allows event groups to be created. An event group "
2423 "has one event which is the group leader. The leader is created first, with "
2424 "I<group_fd> = -1. The rest of the group members are created with subsequent "
2425 "B<perf_event_open>() calls with I<group_fd> being set to the fd of the "
2426 "group leader. (A single event on its own is created with I<group_fd> = -1 "
2427 "and is considered to be a group with only 1 member.) An event group is "
2428 "scheduled onto the CPU as a unit: it will only be put onto the CPU if all of "
2429 "the events in the group can be put onto the CPU. This means that the values "
2430 "of the member events can be meaningfully compared, added, divided (to get "
2431 "ratios), etc., with each other, since they have counted events for the same "
2432 "set of executed instructions."
2436 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:152
2438 #| msgid "The I<subcmd> value is one of the following:"
2439 msgid "The I<flags> argument takes one of the following values:"
2440 msgstr "I<subcmd> の値は以下のいずれかである"
2443 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:152
2445 msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_NO_GROUP>"
2448 #. FIXME The following sentence is unclear
2449 #. FIXME So, why is it useful?
2451 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:159
2453 "This flag allows creating an event as part of an event group but having no "
2454 "group leader. It is unclear why this is useful."
2458 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:159
2460 msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT>"
2464 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:162
2465 msgid "This flag re-routes the output from an event to the group leader."
2469 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:162
2471 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
2472 msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_PID_CGROUP> (Since Linux 2.6.39)."
2473 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
2476 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:185
2478 "This flag activates per-container system-wide monitoring. A container is an "
2479 "abstraction that isolates a set of resources for finer grain control (CPUs, "
2480 "memory, etc...). In this mode, the event is measured only if the thread "
2481 "running on the monitored CPU belongs to the designated container (cgroup). "
2482 "The cgroup is identified by passing a file descriptor opened on its "
2483 "directory in the cgroupfs filesystem. For instance, if the cgroup to "
2484 "monitor is called I<test>, then a file descriptor opened on I</dev/cgroup/"
2485 "test> (assuming cgroupfs is mounted on I</dev/cgroup>) must be passed as "
2486 "the I<pid> parameter. cgroup monitoring is only available for system-wide "
2487 "events and may therefore require extra permissions."
2491 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:190
2493 "The I<perf_event_attr> structure provides detailed configuration information "
2494 "for the event being created."
2498 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:197
2501 "struct perf_event_attr {\n"
2502 " __u32 type; /* Type of event */\n"
2503 " __u32 size; /* Size of attribute structure */\n"
2504 " __u64 config; /* Type-specific configuration */\n"
2508 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:202
2512 " __u64 sample_period; /* Period of sampling */\n"
2513 " __u64 sample_freq; /* Frequency of sampling */\n"
2518 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:205
2521 " __u64 sample_type; /* Specifies values included in sample */\n"
2522 " __u64 read_format; /* Specifies values returned in read */\n"
2526 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:231
2529 " __u64 disabled : 1, /* off by default */\n"
2530 " inherit : 1, /* children inherit it */\n"
2531 " pinned : 1, /* must always be on PMU */\n"
2532 " exclusive : 1, /* only group on PMU */\n"
2533 " exclude_user : 1, /* don't count user */\n"
2534 " exclude_kernel : 1, /* don't count kernel */\n"
2535 " exclude_hv : 1, /* don't count hypervisor */\n"
2536 " exclude_idle : 1, /* don't count when idle */\n"
2537 " mmap : 1, /* include mmap data */\n"
2538 " comm : 1, /* include comm data */\n"
2539 " freq : 1, /* use freq, not period */\n"
2540 " inherit_stat : 1, /* per task counts */\n"
2541 " enable_on_exec : 1, /* next exec enables */\n"
2542 " task : 1, /* trace fork/exit */\n"
2543 " watermark : 1, /* wakeup_watermark */\n"
2544 " precise_ip : 2, /* skid constraint */\n"
2545 " mmap_data : 1, /* non-exec mmap data */\n"
2546 " sample_id_all : 1, /* sample_type all events */\n"
2547 " exclude_host : 1, /* don't count in host */\n"
2548 " exclude_guest : 1, /* don't count in guest */\n"
2549 " exclude_callchain_kernel : 1,\n"
2550 " /* exclude kernel callchains */\n"
2551 " exclude_callchain_user : 1,\n"
2552 "\t /* exclude user callchains */\n"
2553 " __reserved_1 : 41;\n"
2557 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:236
2561 " __u32 wakeup_events; /* wakeup every n events */\n"
2562 " __u32 wakeup_watermark; /* bytes before wakeup */\n"
2567 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:238
2569 msgid " __u32 bp_type; /* breakpoint type */\n"
2573 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:243
2577 " __u64 bp_addr; /* breakpoint address */\n"
2578 " __u64 config1; /* extension of config */\n"
2583 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:253
2587 " __u64 bp_len; /* breakpoint length */\n"
2588 " __u64 config2; /* extension of config1 */\n"
2590 " __u64 branch_sample_type; /* enum perf_branch_sample_type */\n"
2591 " __u64 sample_regs_user; /* user regs to dump on samples */\n"
2592 " __u32 sample_stack_user; /* size of stack to dump on\n"
2594 " __u32 __reserved_2; /* Align to u64 */\n"
2598 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:255
2604 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:261
2606 "The fields of the I<perf_event_attr> structure are described in more detail "
2611 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:261 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1272
2617 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:265
2619 "This field specifies the overall event type. It has one of the following "
2624 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:266
2626 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE>"
2630 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:273
2632 "This indicates one of the \"generalized\" hardware events provided by the "
2633 "kernel. See the I<config> field definition for more details."
2637 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:273
2639 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE>"
2643 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:277
2645 "This indicates one of the software-defined events provided by the kernel "
2646 "(even if no hardware support is available)."
2650 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:277
2652 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_CONT>"
2653 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>"
2654 msgstr "B<PTRACE_CONT>"
2657 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:281
2659 "This indicates a tracepoint provided by the kernel tracepoint infrastructure."
2663 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:281
2665 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE>"
2669 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:287
2671 "This indicates a hardware cache event. This has a special encoding, "
2672 "described in the I<config> field definition."
2676 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:287
2678 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_RAW>"
2682 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:291
2684 "This indicates a \"raw\" implementation-specific event in the I<config> "
2689 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:291
2691 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
2692 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
2693 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
2696 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:296
2698 "This indicates a hardware breakpoint as provided by the CPU. Breakpoints "
2699 "can be read/write accesses to an address as well as execution of an "
2700 "instruction address."
2704 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:296
2710 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:315
2712 "Since Linux 2.6.39, B<perf_event_open>() can support multiple PMUs. To "
2713 "enable this, a value exported by the kernel can be used in the I<type> field "
2714 "to indicate which PMU to use. The value to use can be found in the sysfs "
2715 "filesystem: there is a subdirectory per PMU instance under I</sys/bus/"
2716 "event_source/devices>. In each sub-directory there is a I<type> file whose "
2717 "content is an integer that can be used in the I<type> field. For instance, "
2718 "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/cpu/type> contains the value for the core "
2719 "CPU PMU, which is usually 4."
2723 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:316 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1588
2729 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:325
2731 "The size of the I<perf_event_attr> structure for forward/backward "
2732 "compatibility. Set this using I<sizeof(struct perf_event_attr)> to allow "
2733 "the kernel to see the struct size at the time of compilation."
2737 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:340
2739 "The related define B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER0> is set to 64; this was the size of "
2740 "the first published struct. B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER1> is 72, corresponding to "
2741 "the addition of breakpoints in Linux 2.6.33. B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER2> is 80 "
2742 "corresponding to the addition of branch sampling in Linux 3.4. "
2743 "B<PERF_ATR_SIZE_VER3> is 96 corresponding to the addition of "
2744 "I<sample_regs_user> and I<sample_stack_user> in Linux 3.7."
2748 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:340
2754 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:351
2756 "This specifies which event you want, in conjunction with the I<type> field. "
2757 "The I<config1> and I<config2> fields are also taken into account in cases "
2758 "where 64 bits is not enough to fully specify the event. The encoding of "
2759 "these fields are event dependent."
2763 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:357
2765 "The most significant bit (bit 63) of I<config> signifies CPU-specific (raw) "
2766 "counter configuration data; if the most significant bit is unset, the next 7 "
2767 "bits are an event type and the rest of the bits are the event identifier."
2771 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:368
2773 "There are various ways to set the I<config> field that are dependent on the "
2774 "value of the previously described I<type> field. What follows are various "
2775 "possible settings for I<config> separated out by I<type>."
2779 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:378
2781 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE>, we are measuring one of the generalized "
2782 "hardware CPU events. Not all of these are available on all platforms. Set "
2783 "I<config> to one of the following:"
2787 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:379
2789 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES>"
2793 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:383
2794 msgid "Total cycles. Be wary of what happens during CPU frequency scaling"
2798 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:383
2800 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS>"
2804 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:388
2806 "Retired instructions. Be careful, these can be affected by various issues, "
2807 "most notably hardware interrupt counts"
2811 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:388
2813 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_REFERENCES>"
2817 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:395
2819 "Cache accesses. Usually this indicates Last Level Cache accesses but this "
2820 "may vary depending on your CPU. This may include prefetches and coherency "
2821 "messages; again this depends on the design of your CPU."
2825 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:395
2827 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_MISSES>"
2831 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:402
2833 "Cache misses. Usually this indicates Last Level Cache misses; this is "
2834 "intended to be used in conjunction with the "
2835 "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_REFERENCES> event to calculate cache miss rates."
2839 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:402
2841 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS>"
2845 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:407
2847 "Retired branch instructions. Prior to Linux 2.6.34, this used the wrong "
2848 "event on AMD processors."
2852 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:407
2854 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_MISSES>"
2858 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:410
2859 msgid "Mispredicted branch instructions."
2863 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:410
2865 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BUS_CYCLES>"
2869 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:413
2870 msgid "Bus cycles, which can be different from total cycles."
2874 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:413
2876 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
2877 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND> (Since Linux 3.0)"
2878 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (Linux 2.5.60 以降)"
2881 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:416
2882 msgid "Stalled cycles during issue."
2886 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:416
2888 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND> (Since Linux 3.0)"
2892 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:419
2893 msgid "Stalled cycles during retirement."
2897 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:419
2899 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
2900 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_REF_CPU_CYCLES> (Since Linux 3.3)"
2901 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
2904 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:422
2905 msgid "Total cycles; not affected by CPU frequency scaling."
2909 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:432
2911 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE>, we are measuring software events "
2912 "provided by the kernel. Set I<config> to one of the following:"
2916 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:433
2918 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK>"
2922 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:436
2923 msgid "This reports the CPU clock, a high-resolution per-CPU timer."
2927 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:436
2929 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_TASK_CLOCK>"
2933 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:439
2934 msgid "This reports a clock count specific to the task that is running."
2938 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:439
2940 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS>"
2944 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:442
2945 msgid "This reports the number of page faults."
2949 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:442
2951 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CONTEXT_SWITCHES>"
2955 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:447
2957 "This counts context switches. Until Linux 2.6.34, these were all reported "
2958 "as user-space events, after that they are reported as happening in the "
2963 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:447
2965 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_MIGRATIONS>"
2969 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:451
2970 msgid "This reports the number of times the process has migrated to a new CPU."
2974 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:451
2976 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN>"
2980 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:455
2982 "This counts the number of minor page faults. These did not require disk I/O "
2987 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:455
2989 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ>"
2993 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:459
2995 "This counts the number of major page faults. These required disk I/O to "
3000 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:459
3002 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
3003 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_ALIGNMENT_FAULTS> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
3004 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
3007 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:465
3009 "This counts the number of alignment faults. These happen when unaligned "
3010 "memory accesses happen; the kernel can handle these but it reduces "
3011 "performance. This only happens on some architectures (never on x86)."
3015 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:465
3017 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
3018 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
3019 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
3022 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:471
3024 "This counts the number of emulation faults. The kernel sometimes traps on "
3025 "unimplemented instructions and emulates them for user space. This can "
3026 "negatively impact performance."
3030 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:484
3032 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>, then we are measuring kernel "
3033 "tracepoints. The value to use in I<config> can be obtained from under "
3034 "debugfs I<tracing/events/*/*/id> if ftrace is enabled in the kernel."
3038 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:495
3040 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE>, then we are measuring a hardware CPU "
3041 "cache event. To calculate the appropriate I<config> value use the following "
3046 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:500
3049 " (perf_hw_cache_id) | (perf_hw_cache_op_id E<lt>E<lt> 8) |\n"
3050 " (perf_hw_cache_op_result_id E<lt>E<lt> 16)\n"
3054 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:505
3055 msgid "where I<perf_hw_cache_id> is one of:"
3059 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:506
3061 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D>"
3065 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:509
3066 msgid "for measuring Level 1 Data Cache"
3070 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:509
3072 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I>"
3076 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:512
3077 msgid "for measuring Level 1 Instruction Cache"
3081 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:512
3083 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL>"
3087 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:515
3088 msgid "for measuring Last-Level Cache"
3092 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:515
3094 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB>"
3098 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:518
3099 msgid "for measuring the Data TLB"
3103 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:518
3105 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB>"
3109 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:521
3110 msgid "for measuring the Instruction TLB"
3114 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:521
3116 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_BPU>"
3120 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:524
3121 msgid "for measuring the branch prediction unit"
3125 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:524
3127 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
3128 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_NODE> (Since Linux 3.0)"
3129 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (Linux 2.5.60 以降)"
3132 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:527
3133 msgid "for measuring local memory accesses"
3137 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:532
3138 msgid "and I<perf_hw_cache_op_id> is one of"
3142 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:533
3144 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ>"
3148 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:536
3149 msgid "for read accesses"
3153 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:536
3155 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_WRITE>"
3159 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:539
3160 msgid "for write accesses"
3164 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:539
3166 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_PREFETCH>"
3170 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:542
3171 msgid "for prefetch accesses"
3175 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:547
3176 msgid "and I<perf_hw_cache_op_result_id> is one of"
3180 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:548
3182 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS>"
3186 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:551
3187 msgid "to measure accesses"
3191 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:551
3193 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS>"
3197 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:554
3198 msgid "to measure misses"
3202 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:572
3204 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_RAW>, then a custom \"raw\" I<config> value is "
3205 "needed. Most CPUs support events that are not covered by the \"generalized"
3206 "\" events. These are implementation defined; see your CPU manual (for "
3207 "example the Intel Volume 3B documentation or the AMD BIOS and Kernel "
3208 "Developer Guide). The libpfm4 library can be used to translate from the "
3209 "name in the architectural manuals to the raw hex value B<perf_event_open>() "
3210 "expects in this field."
3214 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:581
3216 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT>, then leave I<config> set to zero. "
3217 "Its parameters are set in other places."
3221 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:582
3223 msgid "I<sample_period>, I<sample_freq>"
3227 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:594
3229 "A \"sampling\" counter is one that generates an interrupt every N events, "
3230 "where N is given by I<sample_period>. A sampling counter has "
3231 "I<sample_period> E<gt> 0. When an overflow interrupt occurs, requested data "
3232 "is recorded in the mmap buffer. The I<sample_type> field controls what data "
3233 "is recorded on each interrupt."
3237 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:604
3239 "I<sample_freq> can be used if you wish to use frequency rather than period. "
3240 "In this case you set the I<freq> flag. The kernel will adjust the sampling "
3241 "period to try and achieve the desired rate. The rate of adjustment is a "
3246 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:604
3248 msgid "I<sample_type>"
3252 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:616
3254 "The various bits in this field specify which values to include in the "
3255 "sample. They will be recorded in a ring-buffer, which is available to user "
3256 "space using B<mmap>(2). The order in which the values are saved in the "
3257 "sample are documented in the MMAP Layout subsection below; it is not the "
3258 "I<enum perf_event_sample_format> order."
3262 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:617
3264 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP>"
3268 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:620
3269 msgid "Records instruction pointer."
3273 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:620
3275 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TID>"
3279 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:623
3280 msgid "Records the process and thread IDs."
3284 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:623
3286 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TIME>"
3290 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:626
3291 msgid "Records a timestamp."
3295 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:626
3297 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR>"
3301 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:629
3302 msgid "Records an address, if applicable."
3306 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:629
3308 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_READ>"
3312 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:632
3314 "Record counter values for all events in a group, not just the group leader."
3318 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:632
3320 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN>"
3324 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:635
3325 msgid "Records the callchain (stack backtrace)."
3329 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:635
3331 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID>"
3335 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:638
3336 msgid "Records a unique ID for the opened event's group leader."
3340 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:638
3342 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_CPU>"
3346 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:641
3347 msgid "Records CPU number."
3351 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:641
3353 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD>"
3357 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:644
3358 msgid "Records the current sampling period."
3362 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:644
3364 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID>"
3368 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:651
3370 "Records a unique ID for the opened event. Unlike B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> the "
3371 "actual ID is returned, not the group leader. This ID is the same as the one "
3372 "returned by PERF_FORMAT_ID."
3376 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:651
3378 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_RAW>"
3382 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:655
3384 "Records additional data, if applicable. Usually returned by tracepoint "
3389 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:655
3391 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
3392 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (Since Linux 3.4)"
3393 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
3396 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:659
3397 msgid "Records the branch stack. See branch_sample_type."
3401 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:659
3403 #| msgid "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> (since Linux 2.6.7)"
3404 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER> (Since Linux 3.7)"
3405 msgstr "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> (Linux 2.6.7 以降)"
3408 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:662
3409 msgid "Records the current register state."
3413 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:662
3415 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
3416 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> (Since Linux 3.7)"
3417 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
3420 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:665 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1786
3421 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1803
3422 msgid "[To be documented]"
3426 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:666
3428 msgid "I<read_format>"
3432 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:673
3434 "This field specifies the format of the data returned by B<read>(2) on a "
3435 "B<perf_event_open>() file descriptor."
3439 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:674
3441 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED>"
3445 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:681
3447 "Adds the 64-bit I<time_enabled> field. This can be used to calculate "
3448 "estimated totals if the PMU is overcommitted and multiplexing is happening."
3452 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:681
3454 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING>"
3458 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:688
3460 "Adds the 64-bit I<time_running> field. This can be used to calculate "
3461 "estimated totals if the PMU is overcommitted and multiplexing is happening."
3465 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:688
3467 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>"
3471 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:691
3472 msgid "Adds a 64-bit unique value that corresponds to the event group."
3476 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:691
3478 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP>"
3482 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:694
3483 msgid "Allows all counter values in an event group to be read with one read."
3487 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:695
3493 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:705
3495 "The I<disabled> bit specifies whether the counter starts out disabled or "
3496 "enabled. If disabled, the event can later be enabled by B<ioctl>(2), "
3497 "B<prctl>(2), or I<enable_on_exec>."
3501 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:705
3507 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:714
3509 "The I<inherit> bit specifies that this counter should count events of child "
3510 "tasks as well as the task specified. This only applies to new children, not "
3511 "to any existing children at the time the counter is created (nor to any new "
3512 "children of existing children)."
3516 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:719
3518 "Inherit does not work for some combinations of I<read_format>s, such as "
3519 "B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP>."
3523 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:719
3529 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:732
3531 "The I<pinned> bit specifies that the counter should always be on the CPU if "
3532 "at all possible. It only applies to hardware counters and only to group "
3533 "leaders. If a pinned counter cannot be put onto the CPU (e.g., because "
3534 "there are not enough hardware counters or because of a conflict with some "
3535 "other event), then the counter goes into an 'error' state, where reads "
3536 "return end-of-file (i.e., B<read>(2) returns 0) until the counter is "
3537 "subsequently enabled or disabled."
3541 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:732
3543 msgid "I<exclusive>"
3547 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:741
3549 "The I<exclusive> bit specifies that when this counter's group is on the CPU, "
3550 "it should be the only group using the CPU's counters. In the future this "
3551 "may allow monitoring programs to support PMU features that need to run alone "
3552 "so that they do not disrupt other hardware counters."
3556 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:741
3558 msgid "I<exclude_user>"
3562 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:744
3564 "If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in user space."
3568 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:744
3570 msgid "I<exclude_kernel>"
3574 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:747
3576 "If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in kernel-space."
3580 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:747
3582 msgid "I<exclude_hv>"
3586 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:755
3588 "If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in the "
3589 "hypervisor. This is mainly for PMUs that have built-in support for handling "
3590 "this (such as POWER). Extra support is needed for handling hypervisor "
3591 "measurements on most machines."
3595 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:755
3597 msgid "I<exclude_idle>"
3601 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:758
3602 msgid "If set, don't count when the CPU is idle."
3606 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:758
3612 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:763
3613 msgid "The I<mmap> bit enables recording of exec mmap events."
3617 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:763
3623 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:774
3625 "The I<comm> bit enables tracking of process command name as modified by the "
3626 "I<exec>(2) and I<prctl>(PR_SET_NAME) system calls. Unfortunately for "
3627 "tools, there is no way to distinguish one system call versus the other."
3631 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:774
3637 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:781
3639 "If this bit is set, then I<sample_frequency> not I<sample_period> is used "
3640 "when setting up the sampling interval."
3644 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:781
3646 msgid "I<inherit_stat>"
3650 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:788
3652 "This bit enables saving of event counts on context switch for inherited "
3653 "tasks. This is only meaningful if the I<inherit> field is set."
3657 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:788
3659 msgid "I<enable_on_exec>"
3663 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:793
3665 "If this bit is set, a counter is automatically enabled after a call to "
3670 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:793
3676 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:797
3678 "If this bit is set, then fork/exit notifications are included in the ring "
3683 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:797
3685 msgid "I<watermark>"
3689 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:805
3691 "If set, have a sampling interrupt happen when we cross the "
3692 "I<wakeup_watermark> boundary. Otherwise interrupts happen after "
3693 "I<wakeup_events> samples."
3697 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:805
3699 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
3700 msgid "I<precise_ip> (Since Linux 2.6.35)"
3701 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
3704 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:815
3706 "This controls the amount of skid. Skid is how many instructions execute "
3707 "between an event of interest happening and the kernel being able to stop and "
3708 "record the event. Smaller skid is better and allows more accurate reporting "
3709 "of which events correspond to which instructions, but hardware is often "
3710 "limited with how small this can be."
3714 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:817
3716 #| msgid "The I<subcmd> value is one of the following:"
3717 msgid "The values of this are the following:"
3718 msgstr "I<subcmd> の値は以下のいずれかである"
3721 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:818
3727 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:822
3728 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> can have arbitrary skid"
3732 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:822
3738 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:826
3739 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> must have constant skid"
3743 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:826
3749 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:830
3750 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> requested to have 0 skid"
3754 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:830
3760 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:836
3761 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> must have 0 skid. See also B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXACT_IP>."
3765 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:837
3767 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
3768 msgid "I<mmap_data> (Since Linux 2.6.36)"
3769 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
3772 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:843
3774 "The counterpart of the I<mmap> field, but enables including data mmap events "
3775 "in the ring-buffer."
3779 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:843
3781 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
3782 msgid "I<sample_id_all> (Since Linux 2.6.38)"
3783 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
3786 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:851
3788 "If set, then TID, TIME, ID, CPU, and STREAM_ID can additionally be included "
3789 "in non-B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE>s if the corresponding I<sample_type> is "
3794 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:851
3796 msgid "I<exclude_host> (Since Linux 3.2)"
3800 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:854
3801 msgid "Do not measure time spent in VM host"
3805 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:854
3807 msgid "I<exclude_guest> (Since Linux 3.2)"
3811 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:857
3812 msgid "Do not measure time spent in VM guest"
3816 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:857
3818 msgid "I<exclude_callchain_kernel> (Since Linux 3.7)"
3822 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:860
3823 msgid "Do not include kernel callchains."
3827 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:860
3829 msgid "I<exclude_callchain_user> (Since Linux 3.7)"
3833 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:863
3834 msgid "Do not include user callchains."
3838 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:863
3840 msgid "I<wakeup_events>, I<wakeup_watermark>"
3844 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:873
3846 "This union sets how many samples (I<wakeup_events>) or bytes "
3847 "(I<wakeup_watermark>) happen before an overflow signal happens. Which one "
3848 "is used is selected by the I<watermark> bitflag."
3852 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:873
3854 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
3855 msgid "I<bp_type> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
3856 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
3859 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:877
3860 msgid "This chooses the breakpoint type. It is one of:"
3864 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:878
3866 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_EMPTY>"
3870 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:881
3871 msgid "no breakpoint"
3875 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:881
3877 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_R>"
3881 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:884
3882 msgid "count when we read the memory location"
3886 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:884
3888 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_W>"
3892 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:887
3893 msgid "count when we write the memory location"
3897 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:887
3899 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_RW>"
3903 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:890
3904 msgid "count when we read or write the memory location"
3908 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:890
3910 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_X>"
3914 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:893
3915 msgid "count when we execute code at the memory location"
3919 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:902
3921 "The values can be combined via a bitwise or, but the combination of "
3922 "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_R> or B<HW_BREAKPOINT_W> with B<HW_BREAKPOINT_X> is not "
3927 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:903
3929 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
3930 msgid "I<bp_addr> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
3931 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
3934 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:910
3936 "I<bp_addr> address of the breakpoint. For execution breakpoints this is the "
3937 "memory address of the instruction of interest; for read and write "
3938 "breakpoints it is the memory address of the memory location of interest."
3942 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:910
3944 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
3945 msgid "I<config1> (Since Linux 2.6.39)"
3946 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
3949 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:917
3951 "I<config1> is used for setting events that need an extra register or "
3952 "otherwise do not fit in the regular config field. Raw OFFCORE_EVENTS on "
3953 "Nehalem/Westmere/SandyBridge use this field on 3.3 and later kernels."
3957 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:917
3959 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
3960 msgid "I<bp_len> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
3961 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
3964 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:931
3966 "I<bp_len> is the length of the breakpoint being measured if I<type> is "
3967 "B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT>. Options are B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_1>, "
3968 "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_2>, B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_4>, B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_8>. For "
3969 "an execution breakpoint, set this to I<sizeof(long)>."
3973 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:931
3975 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
3976 msgid "I<config2> (Since Linux 2.6.39)"
3977 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
3980 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:938
3981 msgid "I<config2> is a further extension of the I<config1> field."
3985 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:938
3987 msgid "I<branch_sample_type> (Since Linux 3.4)"
3991 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:942
3993 "This is used with the CPUs hardware branch sampling, if available. It can "
3994 "have one of the following values:"
3998 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:943
4000 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_USER>"
4004 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:946
4005 msgid "Branch target is in user space"
4009 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:946
4011 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_KERNEL>"
4015 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:949
4016 msgid "Branch target is in kernel space"
4020 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:949
4022 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_HV>"
4026 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:952
4027 msgid "Branch target is in hypervisor"
4031 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:952
4033 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY>"
4037 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:955
4038 msgid "Any branch type."
4042 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:955
4044 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY_CALL>"
4048 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:958
4049 msgid "Any call branch"
4053 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:958
4055 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY_RETURN>"
4059 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:961
4060 msgid "Any return branch"
4064 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:961
4066 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_CALL>"
4070 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:964
4071 msgid "Indirect calls"
4075 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:964
4077 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_PLM_ALL>"
4081 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:967
4082 msgid "User, kernel, and hv"
4086 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:968
4088 msgid "I<sample_regs_user> (Since Linux 3.7)"
4091 #. FIXME: The following reference seems to be not quite right:
4093 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:974
4095 "This defines the set of user registers to dump on samples. See I<asm/"
4100 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:974
4102 msgid "I<sample_stack_user> (Since Linux 3.7)"
4106 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:977
4107 msgid "This defines the size of the user stack to dump on samples."
4111 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:977
4113 msgid "Reading results"
4117 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:987
4119 "Once a B<perf_event_open>() file descriptor has been opened, the values of "
4120 "the events can be read from the file descriptor. The values that are there "
4121 "are specified by the I<read_format> field in the I<attr> structure at open "
4126 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:992
4128 "If you attempt to read into a buffer that is not big enough to hold the data "
4129 "B<ENOSPC> is returned"
4133 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:994
4134 msgid "Here is the layout of the data returned by a read:"
4138 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:994 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1012
4139 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1552 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1562
4140 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1570 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1576
4141 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1705
4147 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:998
4149 "If B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was specified to allow reading all events in a group "
4154 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1010
4157 "struct read_format {\n"
4158 " u64 nr; /* The number of events */\n"
4159 " u64 time_enabled; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED */\n"
4160 " u64 time_running; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING */\n"
4162 " u64 value; /* The value of the event */\n"
4163 " u64 id; /* if PERF_FORMAT_ID */\n"
4169 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1018
4170 msgid "If B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was I<not> specified:"
4174 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1027
4177 "struct read_format {\n"
4178 " u64 value; /* The value of the event */\n"
4179 " u64 time_enabled; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED */\n"
4180 " u64 time_running; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING */\n"
4181 " u64 id; /* if PERF_FORMAT_ID */\n"
4186 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1031
4187 msgid "The values read are as follows:"
4191 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1031
4197 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1037
4199 "The number of events in this file descriptor. Only available if "
4200 "B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was specified."
4204 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1037
4206 msgid "I<time_enabled>, I<time_running>"
4210 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1049
4212 "Total time the event was enabled and running. Normally these are the same. "
4213 "If more events are started than available counter slots on the PMU, then "
4214 "multiplexing happens and events only run part of the time. In that case the "
4215 "I<time_enabled> and I<time running> values can be used to scale an estimated "
4216 "value for the count."
4220 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1049
4226 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1052
4227 msgid "An unsigned 64-bit value containing the counter result."
4231 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1052 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1316
4232 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1451
4238 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1058
4240 "A globally unique value for this particular event, only there if "
4241 "B<PERF_FORMAT_ID> was specified in I<read_format>."
4245 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1058
4251 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1068
4253 "When using B<perf_event_open>() in sampled mode, asynchronous events (like "
4254 "counter overflow or B<PROT_EXEC> mmap tracking) are logged into a ring-"
4255 "buffer. This ring-buffer is created and accessed through B<mmap>(2)."
4259 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1074
4261 "The mmap size should be 1+2^n pages, where the first page is a metadata page "
4262 "(I<struct perf_event_mmap_page>) that contains various bits of information "
4263 "such as where the ring-buffer head is."
4267 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1077
4269 "Before kernel 2.6.39, there is a bug that means you must allocate a mmap "
4270 "ring buffer when sampling even if you do not plan to access it."
4274 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1079
4275 msgid "The structure of the first metadata mmap page is as follows:"
4279 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1103
4282 "struct perf_event_mmap_page {\n"
4283 " __u32 version; /* version number of this structure */\n"
4284 " __u32 compat_version; /* lowest version this is compat with */\n"
4285 " __u32 lock; /* seqlock for synchronization */\n"
4286 " __u32 index; /* hardware counter identifier */\n"
4287 " __s64 offset; /* add to hardware counter value */\n"
4288 " __u64 time_enabled; /* time event active */\n"
4289 " __u64 time_running; /* time event on CPU */\n"
4291 " __u64 capabilities;\n"
4292 " __u64 cap_usr_time : 1,\n"
4293 " cap_usr_rdpmc : 1,\n"
4295 " __u16 pmc_width;\n"
4296 " __u16 time_shift;\n"
4297 " __u32 time_mult;\n"
4298 " __u64 time_offset;\n"
4299 " __u64 __reserved[120]; /* Pad to 1k */\n"
4300 " __u64 data_head; /* head in the data section */\n"
4301 " __u64 data_tail; /* user-space written tail */\n"
4306 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1109
4308 "The following looks at the fields in the I<perf_event_mmap_page> structure "
4313 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1109
4319 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1112
4320 msgid "Version number of this structure."
4324 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1112
4326 msgid "I<compat_version>"
4330 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1115
4331 msgid "The lowest version this is compatible with."
4335 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1115
4341 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1118
4342 msgid "A seqlock for synchronization."
4346 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1118
4352 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1121
4353 msgid "A unique hardware counter identifier."
4357 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1121
4364 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1125
4365 msgid "Add this to hardware counter value??"
4369 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1125
4371 msgid "I<time_enabled>"
4375 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1128
4376 msgid "Time the event was active."
4380 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1128
4382 msgid "I<time_running>"
4386 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1131
4387 msgid "Time the event was running."
4391 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1131
4393 msgid "I<cap_usr_time>"
4397 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1134
4398 msgid "User time capability"
4402 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1134
4404 msgid "I<cap_usr_rdpmc>"
4408 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1139
4410 "If the hardware supports user-space read of performance counters without "
4411 "syscall (this is the \"rdpmc\" instruction on x86), then the following code "
4412 "can be used to do a read:"
4416 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1146
4419 "u32 seq, time_mult, time_shift, idx, width;\n"
4420 "u64 count, enabled, running;\n"
4421 "u64 cyc, time_offset;\n"
4426 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1152
4430 " seq = pc-E<gt>lock;\n"
4432 " enabled = pc-E<gt>time_enabled;\n"
4433 " running = pc-E<gt>time_running;\n"
4437 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1159
4440 " if (pc-E<gt>cap_usr_time && enabled != running) {\n"
4442 " time_offset = pc-E<gt>time_offset;\n"
4443 " time_mult = pc-E<gt>time_mult;\n"
4444 " time_shift = pc-E<gt>time_shift;\n"
4449 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1162
4452 " idx = pc-E<gt>index;\n"
4453 " count = pc-E<gt>offset;\n"
4457 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1167
4460 " if (pc-E<gt>cap_usr_rdpmc && idx) {\n"
4461 " width = pc-E<gt>pmc_width;\n"
4462 " pmc = rdpmc(idx - 1);\n"
4467 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1170
4471 "} while (pc-E<gt>lock != seq);\n"
4475 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1172
4477 msgid "I<pmc_width>"
4481 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1179
4483 "If I<cap_usr_rdpmc>, this field provides the bit-width of the value read "
4484 "using the rdpmc or equivalent instruction. This can be used to sign extend "
4489 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1185
4492 "pmc E<lt>E<lt>= 64 - pmc_width;\n"
4493 "pmc E<gt>E<gt>= 64 - pmc_width; // signed shift right\n"
4498 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1187
4500 msgid "I<time_shift>, I<time_mult>, I<time_offset>"
4504 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1194
4506 "If I<cap_usr_time>, these fields can be used to compute the time delta since "
4507 "time_enabled (in nanoseconds) using rdtsc or similar."
4511 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1202
4516 " quot = (cyc E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
4517 " rem = cyc & ((1 E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) - 1);\n"
4518 " delta = time_offset + quot * time_mult +\n"
4519 " ((rem * time_mult) E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
4523 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1214
4525 "Where I<time_offset>, I<time_mult>, I<time_shift>, and I<cyc> are read in "
4526 "the seqcount loop described above. This delta can then be added to enabled "
4527 "and possible running (if idx), improving the scaling:"
4531 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1222
4534 " enabled += delta;\n"
4536 " running += delta;\n"
4537 " quot = count / running;\n"
4538 " rem = count % running;\n"
4539 " count = quot * enabled + (rem * enabled) / running;\n"
4543 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1223
4545 msgid "I<data_head>"
4549 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1229
4551 "This points to the head of the data section. The value continuously "
4552 "increases, it does not wrap. The value needs to be manually wrapped by the "
4553 "size of the mmap buffer before accessing the samples."
4557 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1232
4559 "On SMP-capable platforms, after reading the data_head value, user space "
4560 "should issue an rmb()."
4564 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1232
4566 msgid "I<data_tail;>"
4570 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1240
4572 "When the mapping is B<PROT_WRITE>, the I<data_tail> value should be written "
4573 "by user space to reflect the last read data. In this case the kernel will "
4574 "not over-write unread data."
4578 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1242
4579 msgid "The following 2^n ring-buffer pages have the layout described below."
4583 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1256
4585 "If I<perf_event_attr.sample_id_all> is set, then all event types will have "
4586 "the sample_type selected fields related to where/when (identity) an event "
4587 "took place (TID, TIME, ID, CPU, STREAM_ID) described in "
4588 "B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE> below, it will be stashed just after the "
4589 "I<perf_event_header> and the fields already present for the existing fields, "
4590 "i.e., at the end of the payload. That way a newer perf.data file will be "
4591 "supported by older perf tools, with these new optional fields being ignored."
4595 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1258
4596 msgid "The mmap values start with a header:"
4600 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1266
4603 "struct perf_event_header {\n"
4611 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1272
4612 msgid "Below, we describe the I<perf_event_header> fields in more detail."
4616 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1281
4618 "The I<type> value is one of the below. The values in the corresponding "
4619 "record (that follows the header) depend on the I<type> selected as shown."
4623 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1282
4625 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP>"
4629 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1289
4631 "The MMAP events record the B<PROT_EXEC> mappings so that we can correlate "
4632 "user-space IPs to code. They have the following structure:"
4636 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1300
4640 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
4645 " char filename[];\n"
4650 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1302
4652 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_LOST>"
4656 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1305
4657 msgid "This record indicates when events are lost."
4661 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1313
4665 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
4672 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1319
4673 msgid "is the unique event ID for the samples that were lost."
4677 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1319
4683 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1322
4685 #| msgid "Returns the number of processes woken up."
4686 msgid "is the number of events that were lost."
4687 msgstr "wake したプロセスの数を返す。"
4690 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1323
4692 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_COMM>"
4696 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1326
4697 msgid "This record indicates a change in the process name."
4701 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1334
4705 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
4712 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1336
4714 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>"
4715 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_EXIT>"
4716 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>"
4719 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1339
4720 msgid "This record indicates a process exit event."
4724 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1348 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1376
4728 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
4736 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1350
4738 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_THROTTLE>, B<PERF_RECORD_UNTHROTTLE>"
4742 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1353
4743 msgid "This record indicates a throttle/unthrottle event."
4747 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1362
4751 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
4759 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1364
4761 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
4762 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_FORK>"
4763 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
4766 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1367
4767 msgid "This record indicates a fork event."
4771 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1378
4773 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_READ>"
4777 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1381
4778 msgid "This record indicates a read event."
4782 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1389
4786 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
4788 " struct read_format values;\n"
4793 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1391
4795 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE>"
4799 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1394
4800 msgid "This record indicates a sample."
4804 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1422
4808 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
4809 " u64 ip; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IP */\n"
4810 " u32 pid, tid; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TID */\n"
4811 " u64 time; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TIME */\n"
4812 " u64 addr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR */\n"
4813 " u64 id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ID */\n"
4814 " u64 stream_id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID */\n"
4815 " u32 cpu, res; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CPU */\n"
4816 " u64 period; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD */\n"
4817 " struct read_format v; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_READ */\n"
4818 " u64 nr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN */\n"
4819 " u64 ips[nr]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN */\n"
4820 " u32 size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_RAW */\n"
4821 " char data[size]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_RAW */\n"
4822 " u64 bnr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK */\n"
4823 " struct perf_branch_entry lbr[bnr];\n"
4824 " /* if PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK */\n"
4825 " u64 abi; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER */\n"
4826 " u64 regs[weight(mask)];\n"
4827 " /* if PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER */\n"
4828 " u64 size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
4829 " char data[size]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
4830 " u64 dyn_size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
4835 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1424
4841 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1430
4843 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP> is enabled, then a 64-bit instruction pointer value is "
4848 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1430
4850 msgid "I<pid>, I<tid>"
4854 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1436
4856 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_TID> is enabled, then a 32-bit process ID and 32-bit thread "
4861 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1436
4867 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1444
4869 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_TIME> is enabled, then a 64-bit timestamp is included. "
4870 "This is obtained via local_clock() which is a hardware timestamp if "
4871 "available and the jiffies value if not."
4875 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1444
4881 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1451
4883 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR> is enabled, then a 64-bit address is included. This "
4884 "is usually the address of a tracepoint, breakpoint, or software event; "
4885 "otherwise the value is 0."
4889 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1459
4891 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> is enabled, a 64-bit unique ID is included. If the "
4892 "event is a member of an event group, the group leader ID is returned. This "
4893 "ID is the same as the one returned by B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>."
4897 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1459
4899 msgid "I<stream_id>"
4903 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1469
4905 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID> is enabled, a 64-bit unique ID is included. "
4906 "Unlike B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> the actual ID is returned, not the group leader. "
4907 "This ID is the same as the one returned by B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>."
4911 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1469
4913 msgid "I<cpu>, I<res>"
4917 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1476
4919 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_CPU> is enabled, this is a 32-bit value indicating which "
4920 "CPU was being used, in addition to a reserved (unused) 32-bit value."
4924 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1476
4930 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1482
4932 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD> is enabled, a 64-bit value indicating the current "
4933 "sampling period is written."
4937 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1482
4943 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1493
4945 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_READ> is enabled, a structure of type read_format is "
4946 "included which has values for all events in the event group. The values "
4947 "included depend on the I<read_format> value used at B<perf_event_open>() "
4952 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1493
4954 msgid "I<nr>, I<ips[nr]>"
4958 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1501
4960 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN> is enabled, then a 64-bit number is included "
4961 "which indicates how many following 64-bit instruction pointers will follow. "
4962 "This is the current callchain."
4966 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1501
4968 msgid "I<size>, I<data[size]>"
4972 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1508
4974 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_RAW> is enabled, then a 32-bit value indicating size is "
4975 "included followed by an array of 8-bit values of length size. The values "
4976 "are padded with 0 to have 64-bit alignment."
4980 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1513
4982 "This RAW record data is opaque with respect to the ABI. The ABI doesn't "
4983 "make any promises with respect to the stability of its content, it may vary "
4984 "depending on event, hardware, and kernel version."
4988 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1513
4990 msgid "I<bnr>, I<lbr[bnr]>"
4994 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1524
4996 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> is enabled, then a 64-bit value indicating "
4997 "the number of records is included, followed by I<bnr> I<perf_branch_entry> "
4998 "structures. These structures have from, to, and flags values indicating the "
4999 "from and to addresses from the branches on the callstack."
5003 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1524
5005 msgid "I<abi>, I<regs[weight(mask)]>"
5009 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1530
5010 msgid "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER> is enabled, then [to be documented]."
5014 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1536
5016 "The I<abi> field is one of B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_NONE>, "
5017 "B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_32> or B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_64>."
5021 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1536
5023 msgid "I<size>, I<data[size]>, I<dyn_size>"
5027 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1542
5028 msgid "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> is enabled, then [to be documented]."
5032 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1544
5038 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1549
5039 msgid "The I<misc> field contains additional information about the sample."
5043 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1554
5045 "The CPU mode can be determined from this value by masking with "
5046 "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_CPUMODE_MASK> and looking for one of the following (note "
5047 "these are not bit masks, only one can be set at a time):"
5051 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1555
5053 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_CPUMODE_UNKNOWN>"
5057 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1558
5058 msgid "Unknown CPU mode."
5062 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1558
5064 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_KERNEL>"
5068 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1561
5069 msgid "Sample happened in the kernel."
5073 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1561
5075 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_USER>"
5079 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1564
5080 msgid "Sample happened in user code."
5084 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1564
5086 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_HYPERVISOR>"
5090 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1567
5091 msgid "Sample happened in the hypervisor."
5095 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1567
5097 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_KERNEL>"
5101 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1570
5102 msgid "Sample happened in the guest kernel."
5106 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1570
5108 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_USER>"
5112 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1573
5113 msgid "Sample happened in guest user code."
5117 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1576
5118 msgid "In addition, one of the following bits can be set:"
5122 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1577
5124 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXACT_IP>"
5128 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1585
5130 "This indicates that the content of B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP> points to the actual "
5131 "instruction that triggered the event. See also I<perf_event_attr."
5136 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1585
5138 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXT_RESERVED>"
5142 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1588
5143 msgid "This indicates there is extended data available (currently not used)."
5147 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1591
5148 msgid "This indicates the size of the record."
5152 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1592
5154 msgid "Signal overflow"
5158 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1601
5160 "Events can be set to deliver a signal when a threshold is crossed. The "
5161 "signal handler is set up using the B<poll>(2), B<select>(2), B<epoll>(2) "
5162 "and B<fcntl>(2), system calls."
5166 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1605
5168 "To generate signals, sampling must be enabled (I<sample_period> must have a "
5173 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1607
5174 msgid "There are two ways to generate signals."
5178 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1617
5180 "The first is to set a I<wakeup_events> or I<wakeup_watermark> value that "
5181 "will generate a signal if a certain number of samples or bytes have been "
5182 "written to the mmap ring buffer. In this case a signal of type B<POLL_IN> "
5187 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1629
5189 "The other way is by use of the B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH> ioctl. This ioctl "
5190 "adds to a counter that decrements each time the event overflows. When non-"
5191 "zero, a B<POLL_IN> signal is sent on overflow, but once the value reaches 0, "
5192 "a signal is sent of type B<POLL_HUP> and the underlying event is disabled."
5195 #. FIXME(Vince) : Find out when this was introduced
5197 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1635
5199 "Note: on newer kernels (definitely noticed with 3.2) a signal is provided "
5200 "for every overflow, even if I<wakeup_events> is not set."
5204 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1635
5206 msgid "rdpmc instruction"
5210 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1642
5212 "Starting with Linux 3.4 on x86, you can use the I<rdpmc> instruction to get "
5213 "low-latency reads without having to enter the kernel. Note that using "
5214 "I<rdpmc> is not necessarily faster than other methods for reading event "
5219 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1647
5221 "Support for this can be detected with the I<cap_usr_rdpmc> field in the mmap "
5222 "page; documentation on how to calculate event values can be found in that "
5227 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1647
5229 msgid "perf_event ioctl calls"
5233 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1652
5234 msgid "Various ioctls act on B<perf_event_open>() file descriptors"
5238 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1652
5240 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
5241 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
5242 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
5245 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1656
5247 "Enables the individual event or event group specified by the file descriptor "
5252 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1658 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1671
5253 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1699
5254 msgid "The ioctl argument is ignored."
5258 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1658
5260 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
5261 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE>"
5262 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
5265 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1662
5267 "Disables the individual counter or event group specified by the file "
5268 "descriptor argument."
5272 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1669
5274 "Enabling or disabling the leader of a group enables or disables the entire "
5275 "group; that is, while the group leader is disabled, none of the counters in "
5276 "the group will count. Enabling or disabling a member of a group other than "
5277 "the leader only affects that counter; disabling a non-leader stops that "
5278 "counter from counting but doesn't affect any other counter."
5282 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1671
5284 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
5285 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH>"
5286 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
5289 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1685
5291 "Non-inherited overflow counters can use this to enable a counter for a "
5292 "number of overflows specified by the argument, after which it is disabled. "
5293 "Subsequent calls of this ioctl add the argument value to the current count. "
5294 "A signal with B<POLL_IN> set will happen on each overflow until the count "
5295 "reaches 0; when that happens a signal with POLL_HUP set is sent and the "
5296 "event is disabled. Using an argument of 0 is considered undefined behavior."
5300 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1685
5302 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
5303 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET>"
5304 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
5307 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1697
5309 "Reset the event count specified by the file descriptor argumentto zero. "
5310 "This only resets the counts; there is no way to reset the multiplexing "
5311 "I<time_enabled> or I<time_running> values. When sent to a group leader, "
5312 "only the leader is reset (child events are not)."
5316 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1699
5318 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
5319 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD>"
5320 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
5323 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1703
5325 "IOC_PERIOD is the command to update the period; it does not update the "
5326 "current period but instead defers until next."
5330 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1706
5332 "The argument is a pointer to a 64-bit value containing the desired new "
5337 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1706
5339 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_OUTPUT>"
5343 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1711
5345 "This tells the kernel to report event notifications to the specified file "
5346 "descriptor rather than the default one. The file descriptors must all be on "
5351 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1714
5353 "The argument specifies the desired file descriptor, or -1 if output should "
5358 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1714
5360 #| msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
5361 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_FILTER> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
5362 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
5365 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1717
5366 msgid "This adds an ftrace filter to this event."
5370 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1719
5371 msgid "The argument is a pointer to the desired ftrace filter."
5375 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1719
5381 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1732
5383 "A process can enable or disable all the event groups that are attached to it "
5384 "using the B<prctl>(2) B<PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_ENABLE> and "
5385 "B<PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_DISABLE> operations. This applies to all counters on "
5386 "the current process, whether created by this process or by another, and does "
5387 "not affect any counters that this process has created on other processes. "
5388 "It only enables or disables the group leaders, not any other members in the "
5393 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1732
5395 msgid "perf_event related configuration files"
5399 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1735
5400 msgid "Files in I</proc/sys/kernel/>"
5404 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1736
5406 msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid>"
5410 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1742
5412 "The I<perf_event_paranoid> file can be set to restrict access to the "
5413 "performance counters."
5417 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1744
5418 msgid "2 - only allow user-space measurements"
5422 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1746
5423 msgid "1 - (default) allow both kernel and user measurements"
5427 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1748
5428 msgid "0 - allow access to CPU-specific data but not raw tracepoint samples"
5432 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1750
5433 msgid "-1 - no restrictions"
5437 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1755
5439 "The existence of the I<perf_event_paranoid> file is the official method for "
5440 "determining if a kernel supports B<perf_event_open>()."
5444 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1755
5446 msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_sample_rate>"
5450 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1764
5452 "This sets the maximum sample rate. Setting this too high can allow users to "
5453 "sample at a rate that impacts overall machine performance and potentially "
5454 "lock up the machine. The default value is 100000 (samples per second)."
5458 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1764
5460 msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_mlock_kb>"
5464 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1769
5466 "Maximum number of pages an unprivileged user can mlock (2) . The default is "
5471 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1772
5472 msgid "Files in I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/>"
5476 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1778
5478 "Since Linux 2.6.34 the kernel supports having multiple PMUs available for "
5479 "monitoring. Information on how to program these PMUs can be found under I</"
5480 "sys/bus/event_source/devices/>. Each subdirectory corresponds to a "
5485 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1778
5487 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/type>"
5491 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1783
5493 "This contains an integer that can be used in the I<type> field of "
5494 "perf_event_attr to indicate you wish to use this PMU."
5498 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1783
5500 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/rdpmc>"
5504 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1786
5506 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/format/>"
5510 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1791
5512 "This sub-directory contains information on what bits in the I<config> field "
5513 "of perf_event_attr correspond to."
5517 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1791
5519 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/events/>"
5523 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1800
5525 "This sub-directory contains files with pre-defined events. The contents are "
5526 "strings describing the event settings expressed in terms of the fields found "
5527 "in the I<./format/> directory. These are not necessarily complete lists of "
5528 "all events supported by a PMU, but usually a subset of events deemed useful "
5533 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1800
5535 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/uevent>"
5539 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1810
5541 "B<perf_event_open>() returns the new file descriptor, or -1 if an error "
5542 "occurred (in which case, I<errno> is set appropriately)."
5546 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1814
5547 msgid "Returned if the specified event is not available."
5551 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1814
5553 #| msgid "B<ENOSYS>"
5558 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1824
5560 "Prior to Linux 3.3, if there was not enough room for the event, B<ENOSPC> "
5561 "was returned. Linus did not like this, and this was changed to B<EINVAL>. "
5562 "B<ENOSPC> is still returned if you try to read results into too small of a "
5567 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1824
5574 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1829
5576 "B<perf_event_open>() was introduced in Linux 2.6.31 but was called "
5577 "B<perf_counter_open>()B<.> It was renamed in Linux 2.6.32."
5581 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1834
5584 #| "B<personality>() is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs "
5585 #| "intended to be portable."
5587 "This B<perf_event_open>() system call Linux- specific and should not be "
5588 "used in programs intended to be portable."
5590 "B<personality>() は Linux 固有であり、移植を意図したプログラムで使用すべきで"
5594 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1838
5597 #| "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using "
5600 "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using "
5601 "B<syscall>(2). See the example below."
5603 "glibc はこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数を提供していない。 B<syscall>"
5607 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1844
5609 "The official way of knowing if B<perf_event_open>() support is enabled is "
5610 "checking for the existence of the file I</proc/sys/kernel/"
5611 "perf_event_paranoid>."
5615 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1844 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:134
5616 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1810
5622 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1851
5624 "The B<F_SETOWN_EX> option to B<fcntl>(2) is needed to properly get overflow "
5625 "signals in threads. This was introduced in Linux 2.6.32."
5629 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1859
5631 "Prior to Linux 2.6.33 (at least for x86) the kernel did not check if events "
5632 "could be scheduled together until read time. The same happens on all known "
5633 "kernels if the NMI watchdog is enabled. This means to see if a given set of "
5634 "events works you have to B<perf_event_open>(), start, then read before you "
5635 "know for sure you can get valid measurements."
5639 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1863
5641 "Prior to Linux 2.6.34 event constraints were not enforced by the kernel. In "
5642 "that case, some events would silently return \"0\" if the kernel scheduled "
5643 "them in an improper counter slot."
5647 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1866
5649 "Prior to Linux 2.6.34 there was a bug when multiplexing where the wrong "
5650 "results could be returned."
5654 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1869
5656 "Kernels from Linux 2.6.35 to Linux 2.6.39 can quickly crash the kernel if "
5657 "\"inherit\" is enabled and many threads are started."
5661 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1873
5663 "Prior to Linux 2.6.35, B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> did not work with attached "
5668 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1878
5670 "In older Linux 2.6 versions, refreshing an event group leader refreshed all "
5671 "siblings, and refreshing with a parameter of 0 enabled infinite refresh. "
5672 "This behavior is unsupported and should not be relied on."
5676 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1884
5678 "There is a bug in the kernel code between Linux 2.6.36 and Linux 3.0 that "
5679 "ignores the \"watermark\" field and acts as if a wakeup_event was chosen if "
5680 "the union has a non-zero value in it."
5684 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1889
5686 "Always double-check your results! Various generalized events have had wrong "
5687 "values. For example, retired branches measured the wrong thing on AMD "
5688 "machines until Linux 2.6.35."
5692 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1889 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:295
5693 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:223 build/C/man2/tee.2:130
5699 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1893
5701 "The following is a short example that measures the total instruction count "
5702 "of a call to B<printf>(3)."
5706 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1902
5709 #| "#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
5710 #| "#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
5711 #| "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
5712 #| "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
5713 #| "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
5714 #| "#include E<lt>errno.hE<gt>\n"
5715 #| "#include E<lt>limits.hE<gt>\n"
5717 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
5718 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
5719 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
5720 "#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
5721 "#include E<lt>sys/ioctl.hE<gt>\n"
5722 "#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>\n"
5723 "#include E<lt>asm/unistd.hE<gt>\n"
5725 "#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
5726 "#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
5727 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
5728 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
5729 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
5730 "#include E<lt>errno.hE<gt>\n"
5731 "#include E<lt>limits.hE<gt>\n"
5734 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1908
5738 "perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *hw_event, pid_t pid,\n"
5739 " int cpu, int group_fd, unsigned long flags)\n"
5745 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1913
5748 " ret = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, hw_event, pid, cpu,\n"
5749 " group_fd, flags);\n"
5755 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1920
5759 #| "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
5762 #| " int len, slen;\n"
5765 "main(int argc, char **argv)\n"
5767 " struct perf_event_attr pe;\n"
5768 " long long count;\n"
5772 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
5778 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1928
5781 " memset(&pe, 0, sizeof(struct perf_event_attr));\n"
5782 " pe.type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE;\n"
5783 " pe.size = sizeof(struct perf_event_attr);\n"
5784 " pe.config = PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS;\n"
5785 " pe.disabled = 1;\n"
5786 " pe.exclude_kernel = 1;\n"
5787 " pe.exclude_hv = 1;\n"
5791 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1934
5794 #| " fd = open(argv[1], O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);\n"
5795 #| " if (fd == -1) {\n"
5796 #| " perror(\"open\");\n"
5797 #| " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
5800 " fd = perf_event_open(&pe, 0, -1, -1, 0);\n"
5801 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
5802 " fprintf(stderr, \"Error opening leader %llx\\en\", pe.config);\n"
5803 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
5806 " fd = open(argv[1], O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);\n"
5807 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
5808 " perror(\"open\");\n"
5809 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
5813 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1937
5816 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET, 0);\n"
5817 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0);\n"
5821 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1939
5823 msgid " printf(\"Measuring instruction count for this printf\\en\");\n"
5827 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1942
5830 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE, 0);\n"
5831 " read(fd, &count, sizeof(long long));\n"
5835 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1944
5837 msgid " printf(\"Used %lld instructions\\en\", count);\n"
5841 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1947
5849 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1954
5851 #| msgid "B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<socket>(2), B<splice>(2)"
5852 msgid "B<fcntl>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<read>(2)"
5853 msgstr "B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<socket>(2), B<splice>(2)"
5856 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27
5862 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:30
5863 msgid "perfmonctl - interface to IA-64 performance monitoring unit"
5867 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:34
5870 #| "B<#include E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>\n"
5871 #| "B<#include E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>\n"
5873 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
5874 "B<#include E<lt>perfmon.hE<gt>>\n"
5876 "B<#include E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>\n"
5877 "B<#include E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>\n"
5880 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:36
5882 #| msgid "B<int quotactl(int >I<cmd>B<, const char *>I<special>B<, int >I<id>B<, caddr_t >I<addr>B<);>\n"
5883 msgid "B<long perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, int >I<cmd>B<, void *>I<arg>B<, int >I<narg>B<);>\n"
5884 msgstr "B<int quotactl(int >I<cmd>B<, const char *>I<special>B<, int >I<id>B<, caddr_t >I<addr>B<);>\n"
5887 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:47
5889 "The IA-64-specific B<perfmonctl>() system call provides an interface to the "
5890 "PMU (performance monitoring unit). The PMU consists of PMD (performance "
5891 "monitoring data) registers and PMC (performance monitoring control) "
5892 "registers, which gather hardware statistics."
5896 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:57
5898 "B<perfmonctl>() applies the operation I<cmd> to the input arguments "
5899 "specified by I<arg>. The number of arguments is defined by I<narg>. The "
5900 "I<fd> argument specifies the perfmon context to operate on."
5904 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:61
5905 msgid "Supported values for I<cmd> are:"
5909 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:61
5911 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_CONT>"
5912 msgid "B<PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT>"
5913 msgstr "B<PTRACE_CONT>"
5916 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:65
5918 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT, pfarg_context_t *>I<ctxt>B<, 1);>\n"
5922 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:67
5923 msgid "Set up a context."
5927 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:74
5929 "The I<fd> parameter is ignored. A new perfmon context is created as "
5930 "specified in I<ctxt> and its file descriptor is returned in I<ctxt-"
5935 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:86
5937 "The file descriptor can be used in subsequent calls to B<perfmonctl>() and "
5938 "can be used to read event notifications (type I<pfm_msg_t>) using B<read>"
5939 "(2). The file descriptor is pollable using B<select>(2), B<poll>(2), and "
5944 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:90
5946 "The context can be destroyed by calling B<close>(2) on the file descriptor."
5950 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:90
5952 msgid "B<PFM_WRITE_PMCS>"
5956 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:95
5958 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_WRITE_PMCS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmcs>B<, n);>\n"
5962 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:97
5963 msgid "Set PMC registers."
5967 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:97
5969 msgid "B<PFM_WRITE_PMDS>"
5973 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:101
5975 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_WRITE_PMDS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmds>B<, n);>\n"
5980 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:104
5981 msgid "Set PMD registers."
5985 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:104
5987 msgid "B<PFM_READ_PMDS>"
5991 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:109
5993 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_READ_PMDS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmds>B<, n);>\n"
5997 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:111
5998 msgid "Read PMD registers."
6002 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:111
6004 msgid "B<PFM_START>"
6007 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_START, arg, 1);
6009 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:117
6011 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_START, NULL, 0);>\n"
6015 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:119
6016 msgid "Start monitoring."
6020 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:119
6026 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:124
6028 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_STOP, NULL, 0);>\n"
6032 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:126
6033 msgid "Stop monitoring."
6037 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:126
6039 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_CONT>"
6040 msgid "B<PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT>"
6041 msgstr "B<PTRACE_CONT>"
6044 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:131
6046 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT, pfarg_load_t *>I<largs>B<, 1);>\n"
6050 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:133
6051 msgid "Attach the context to a thread."
6055 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:133
6057 msgid "B<PFM_UNLOAD_CONTEXT>"
6061 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:138
6063 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_UNLOAD_CONTEXT, NULL, 0);>\n"
6067 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:140
6068 msgid "Detach the context from a thread."
6072 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:140
6074 msgid "B<PFM_RESTART>"
6078 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:145
6080 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_RESTART, NULL, 0);>\n"
6084 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:147
6085 msgid "Restart monitoring after receiving an overflow notification."
6089 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:147
6091 #| msgid "B<Q_GETSTATS>"
6092 msgid "B<PFM_GET_FEATURES>"
6093 msgstr "B<Q_GETSTATS>"
6096 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:152
6098 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_GET_FEARURES, pfarg_features_t *>I<arg>B<, 1);>\n"
6102 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:153
6104 msgid "B<PFM_DEBUG>"
6108 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:158
6110 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_DEBUG, >I<val>B<, 0);>\n"
6114 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:162
6115 msgid "If I<val> is nonzero, enable debugging mode, otherwise disable."
6119 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:162
6121 msgid "B<PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL>"
6125 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:167
6127 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL, pfarg_reg_t * >I<req>B<, n);>\n"
6134 #. .B PFM_CREATE_EVTSETS
6135 #. create or modify event sets
6137 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_CREATE_EVTSETS, pfarg_setdesc_t *desc , n);
6140 #. .B PFM_DELETE_EVTSETS
6141 #. delete event sets
6143 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_DELETE_EVTSET, pfarg_setdesc_t *desc , n);
6146 #. .B PFM_GETINFO_EVTSETS
6147 #. get information about event sets
6149 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_GETINFO_EVTSETS, pfarg_setinfo_t *info, n);
6152 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:190
6153 msgid "Reset PMC registers to default values."
6157 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:196
6160 #| "On success, B<kexec_load>() returns 0. On error, -1 is returned and "
6161 #| "I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
6163 "B<performctl>() returns zero when the operation is successful. On error, "
6164 "-1 is returned and I<errno> is set to indicate the cause of the error."
6166 "成功すると、 B<kexec_load> は 0 を返す。\n"
6167 "エラーの場合、 -1 が返り、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値が設定される。"
6170 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:199
6172 #| msgid "B<pivot_root>() was introduced in Linux 2.3.41."
6173 msgid "B<perfmonctl>() is available since Linux 2.4."
6174 msgstr "B<pivot_root>() は Linux 2.3.41 で導入された。"
6177 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:202
6179 "B<perfmonctl>() is Linux specific and is available only on the IA-64 "
6184 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:207
6189 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:209
6190 msgid "The perfmon2 interface specification"
6194 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:32
6197 msgstr "PERSONALITY"
6200 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:32
6206 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:35
6207 msgid "personality - set the process execution domain"
6208 msgstr "personality - プロセスを実行するドメインを設定する"
6211 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:37
6212 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/personality.hE<gt>>"
6213 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/personality.hE<gt>>"
6216 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:39
6217 msgid "B<int personality(unsigned long >I<persona>B<);>"
6218 msgstr "B<int personality(unsigned long >I<persona>B<);>"
6221 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:47
6223 "Linux supports different execution domains, or personalities, for each "
6224 "process. Among other things, execution domains tell Linux how to map signal "
6225 "numbers into signal actions. The execution domain system allows Linux to "
6226 "provide limited support for binaries compiled under other UNIX-like "
6227 "operating systems."
6229 "Linux は、プロセス毎の異なる実行ドメイン、すなわち パーソナリティ "
6230 "(personality) をサポートしている。 実行ドメインは Linux にシグナル番号にどの"
6231 "シグナルを割り付けるかを 教えたりする。また、実行ドメイン・システムにより、 "
6232 "Linux は他の UNIX 風のオペレーティング・システムでコンパイルされた バイナリに"
6233 "対する限定的なサポートを提供している。"
6236 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:57
6238 "This function will return the current B<personality>() when I<persona> "
6239 "equals 0xffffffff. Otherwise, it will make the execution domain referenced "
6240 "by I<persona> the new execution domain of the calling process."
6242 "B<personality ()> 関数は、 I<persona> が 0xffffffff の場合は現在の B<パーソナ"
6243 "リティ> を返す。 それ以外の場合、 I<persona> により参照される実行ドメイン"
6244 "を、 呼び出し元のプロセスの新しい実行ドメインとする。"
6247 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:64
6249 "On success, the previous I<persona> is returned. On error, -1 is returned, "
6250 "and I<errno> is set appropriately."
6252 "成功した場合、以前の I<persona> が返される。エラーの場合は、-1 が返され、 "
6253 "I<errno> が適切に設定される。"
6256 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:68
6257 msgid "The kernel was unable to change the personality."
6258 msgstr "カーネルがパーソナリティを変更できなかった。"
6261 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:72
6263 "B<personality>() is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs "
6264 "intended to be portable."
6266 "B<personality>() は Linux 固有であり、移植を意図したプログラムで使用すべきで"
6270 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
6276 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:13
6277 msgid "pivot_root - change the root file system"
6278 msgstr "pivot_root - root ファイルシステムを変更する"
6281 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:15
6283 "B<int pivot_root(const char *>I<new_root>B<, const char *>I<put_old>B<);>"
6285 "B<int pivot_root(const char *>I<new_root>B<, const char *>I<put_old>B<);>"
6289 #. capability is required.
6291 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:27
6293 "B<pivot_root>() moves the root file system of the calling process to the "
6294 "directory I<put_old> and makes I<new_root> the new root file system of the "
6297 "B<pivot_root>() は呼び出し元のプロセスの root ファイルシステムを I<put_old> "
6298 "ディレクトリに移動し、 I<new_root> を呼び出し元のプロセスの新しい root ファイ"
6302 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:34
6304 "The typical use of B<pivot_root>() is during system startup, when the "
6305 "system mounts a temporary root file system (e.g., an B<initrd>), then mounts "
6306 "the real root file system, and eventually turns the latter into the current "
6307 "root of all relevant processes or threads."
6309 "B<pivot_root>() の典型的な利用法は、システムの起動中にシステムが一時的な "
6310 "root ファイルシステム (例えば B<initrd>) をマウントし、これに続いて本当の "
6311 "root ファイルシステムをマウントし、 後者を必要な全てのプロセス・スレッドの カ"
6312 "レント root に変更するような場合である。"
6315 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:46
6317 "B<pivot_root>() may or may not change the current root and the current "
6318 "working directory of any processes or threads which use the old root "
6319 "directory. The caller of B<pivot_root>() must ensure that processes with "
6320 "root or current working directory at the old root operate correctly in "
6321 "either case. An easy way to ensure this is to change their root and current "
6322 "working directory to I<new_root> before invoking B<pivot_root>()."
6324 "古い root ディレクトリを使っていた全てのプロセスやスレッドの カレント root と"
6325 "カレントワーキングディレクトリを、 B<pivot_root>() が変更するかどうかはわか"
6326 "らない。 B<pivot_root>() の呼びだしプロセスは、古い root やカレントワーキン"
6327 "グディレクトリを使っていた プロセスが、いずれの場合でも正しく動作することを保"
6328 "証しなければならない。 これを簡単に行うには、それらのプロセスの root と カレ"
6329 "ントワーキングディレクトリを B<pivot_root>() を呼び出す前に I<new_root> に変"
6333 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:64
6335 "The paragraph above is intentionally vague because the implementation of "
6336 "B<pivot_root>() may change in the future. At the time of writing, "
6337 "B<pivot_root>() changes root and current working directory of each process "
6338 "or thread to I<new_root> if they point to the old root directory. This is "
6339 "necessary in order to prevent kernel threads from keeping the old root "
6340 "directory busy with their root and current working directory, even if they "
6341 "never access the file system in any way. In the future, there may be a "
6342 "mechanism for kernel threads to explicitly relinquish any access to the file "
6343 "system, such that this fairly intrusive mechanism can be removed from "
6346 "上記の段落は、将来 B<pivot_root>() が変更されるかも知れないことを鑑みて、わ"
6347 "ざと曖昧に書いてある。 本ページを記述している時点では、 B<pivot_root>() は古"
6348 "い root ディレクトリを用いている全てのプロセス・スレッドの root と カレント"
6349 "ワーキングディレクトリを I<new_root> に変更する。これはカーネルのスレッドが古"
6350 "い root ディレクトリを busy 状態にしないために必要である。これらのスレッドが "
6351 "古いディレクトリを root やカレントワーキングディレクトリとしていると、 ファイ"
6352 "ルシステムに一切アクセスしない場合でも 古い root が busy になってしまうからで"
6353 "ある。 将来は、カーネルスレッドがあらゆるファイルシステムへのアクセスを 明示"
6354 "的に放棄するメカニズムができ、このでしゃばりな機能は B<pivot_root>() から削"
6358 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:72
6360 "Note that this also applies to the calling process: B<pivot_root>() may or "
6361 "may not affect its current working directory. It is therefore recommended "
6362 "to call B<chdir(\"/\")> immediately after B<pivot_root>()."
6364 "これは呼び出し元のプロセスについても当てはまることに注意。 B<pivot_root>() "
6365 "がカレントプロセスのカレントワーキングディレクトリに影響するかどうかは 分から"
6366 "ない。したがって B<pivot_root>() の直後に B<chdir(\"/\")> を呼び出すとよい。"
6369 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:74
6370 msgid "The following restrictions apply to I<new_root> and I<put_old>:"
6371 msgstr "I<new_root> および I<put_old> には以下の制限がある:"
6374 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:74 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:76
6375 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:79 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:83
6381 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:76
6382 msgid "They must be directories."
6383 msgstr "ディレクトリでなければならない。"
6386 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:79
6388 "I<new_root> and I<put_old> must not be on the same file system as the "
6391 "I<new_root> と I<put_old> は現在の root と同じファイルシステムにあってはなら"
6395 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:83
6397 "I<put_old> must be underneath I<new_root>, that is, adding a nonzero number "
6398 "of I</..> to the string pointed to by I<put_old> must yield the same "
6399 "directory as I<new_root>."
6401 "I<put_old> は I<new_root> 以下になければならない。すなわち I<put_old> を差す"
6402 "文字列に 1 個以上の I<../> を付けることによって I<new_root> と同じディレクト"
6406 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:85
6407 msgid "No other file system may be mounted on I<put_old>."
6408 msgstr "他のファイルシステムが I<put_old> にマウントされていてはならない。"
6411 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:89
6412 msgid "See also B<pivot_root>(8) for additional usage examples."
6413 msgstr "利用例については B<pivot_root>(8) を参照のこと。"
6416 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:96
6418 "If the current root is not a mount point (e.g., after B<chroot>(2) or "
6419 "B<pivot_root>(), see also below), not the old root directory, but the mount "
6420 "point of that file system is mounted on I<put_old>."
6422 "現在の root がマウントポイントではない (B<chroot>(2) や B<pivot_root>() の"
6423 "後など。以下も参照) 場合、 古い root ディレクトリではなく、 そのファイルシス"
6424 "テムのマウントポイントが I<put_old> にマウントされる。"
6427 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:101
6429 "I<new_root> does not have to be a mount point. In this case, I</proc/"
6430 "mounts> will show the mount point of the file system containing I<new_root> "
6433 "I<new_root> はマウントポイントでなくてもよい。 この場合 I</proc/mounts> は、 "
6434 "I<new_root> を root (I</>) とするファイルシステムのマウントポイントを表示す"
6438 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:110
6440 "B<pivot_root>() may return (in I<errno>) any of the errors returned by "
6441 "B<stat>(2). Additionally, it may return:"
6443 "B<pivot_root>() は B<stat>(2) の返すあらゆるエラーを (I<errno> に) 返す可能"
6444 "性がある。さらに以下を返すことがある:"
6447 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:114
6449 "I<new_root> or I<put_old> are on the current root file system, or a file "
6450 "system is already mounted on I<put_old>."
6452 "I<new_root> または I<put_old> が、現在の root ファイルシステム上にあるか、既"
6453 "に I<put_old> になんらかのファイルシステムがマウントされている。"
6456 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:117
6457 msgid "I<put_old> is not underneath I<new_root>."
6458 msgstr "I<put_old> が I<new_root> の下層にない。"
6461 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:117
6467 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:120
6468 msgid "I<new_root> or I<put_old> is not a directory."
6469 msgstr "I<new_root> または I<put_old> がディレクトリでない。"
6472 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:125
6473 msgid "The calling process does not have the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability."
6474 msgstr "呼び出し元のプロセスが B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> ケーパビリティを持っていない。"
6477 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:128
6478 msgid "B<pivot_root>() was introduced in Linux 2.3.41."
6479 msgstr "B<pivot_root>() は Linux 2.3.41 で導入された。"
6482 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:131
6483 msgid "B<pivot_root>() is Linux-specific and hence is not portable."
6484 msgstr "B<pivot_root>() は Linux に固有のものなので、移植性はない。"
6487 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:138
6489 "B<pivot_root>() should not have to change root and current working "
6490 "directory of all other processes in the system."
6492 "B<pivot_root>() はシステムの他のプロセス全ての root と カレントワーキング"
6493 "ディレクトリとを変更しなくてもよいはずである。"
6496 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:143
6498 "Some of the more obscure uses of B<pivot_root>() may quickly lead to "
6501 "B<pivot_root>() の使い方がもうちょっと曖昧になると、 あっという間にわけのわ"
6505 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:149
6506 msgid "B<chdir>(2), B<chroot>(2), B<stat>(2), B<initrd>(4), B<pivot_root>(8)"
6507 msgstr "B<chdir>(2), B<chroot>(2), B<stat>(2), B<initrd>(4), B<pivot_root>(8)"
6510 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29
6512 msgid "PROCESS_VM_READV"
6516 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29
6522 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:32
6524 "process_vm_readv, process_vm_writev - transfer data between process address "
6529 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:35
6531 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
6532 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
6535 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:42
6538 "B<ssize_t process_vm_readv(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
6539 "B< const struct iovec *>I<local_iov>B<,>\n"
6540 "B< unsigned long >I<liovcnt>B<,>\n"
6541 "B< const struct iovec *>I<remote_iov>B<,>\n"
6542 "B< unsigned long >I<riovcnt>B<,>\n"
6543 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
6547 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:49
6550 "B<ssize_t process_vm_writev(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
6551 "B< const struct iovec *>I<local_iov>B<,>\n"
6552 "B< unsigned long >I<liovcnt>B<,>\n"
6553 "B< const struct iovec *>I<remote_iov>B<,>\n"
6554 "B< unsigned long >I<riovcnt>B<,>\n"
6555 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
6559 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:57
6561 "These system calls transfer data between the address space of the calling "
6562 "process (\"the local process\") and the process identified by I<pid> (\"the "
6563 "remote process\"). The data moves directly between the address spaces of "
6564 "the two processes, without passing through kernel space."
6568 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:82
6570 "The B<process_vm_readv>() system call transfers data from the remote "
6571 "process to the local process. The data to be transferred is identified by "
6572 "I<remote_iov> and I<riovcnt>: I<remote_iov> is a pointer to an array "
6573 "describing address ranges in the process I<pid>, and I<riovcnt> specifies "
6574 "the number of elements in I<remote_iov>. The data is transferred to the "
6575 "locations specified by I<local_iov> and I<liovcnt>: I<local_iov> is a "
6576 "pointer to an array describing address ranges in the calling process, and "
6577 "I<liovcnt> specifies the number of elements in I<local_iov>."
6581 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:96
6583 "The B<process_vm_writev>() system call is the converse of "
6584 "B<process_vm_readv>()\\(emit transfers data from the local process to the "
6585 "remote process. Other than the direction of the transfer, the arguments "
6586 "I<liovcnt>, I<local_iov>, I<riovcnt>, and I<remote_iov> have the same "
6587 "meaning as for B<process_vm_readv>()."
6591 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:106
6593 "The I<local_iov> and I<remote_iov> arguments point to an array of I<iovec> "
6594 "structures, defined in I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>> as:"
6596 "引き数 I<local_iov> と I<remote_iov> は I<iovec> 構造体の配列へのポイン\n"
6597 "タである。 I<iovec> 構造体は I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>> で以下のように定義\n"
6601 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:113
6605 " void *iov_base; /* Starting address */\n"
6606 " size_t iov_len; /* Number of bytes to transfer */\n"
6610 " void *iov_base; /* Starting address */\n"
6611 " size_t iov_len; /* Number of bytes to transfer */\n"
6615 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:129
6617 "Buffers are processed in array order. This means that B<process_vm_readv>"
6618 "() completely fills I<local_iov[0]> before proceeding to I<local_iov[1]>, "
6619 "and so on. Likewise, I<remote_iov[0]> is completely read before proceeding "
6620 "to I<remote_iov[1]>, and so on."
6622 "バッファは配列の順序で処理される。これは、 B<process_vm_readv>() が\n"
6623 "I<local_iov>[0] が完全に一杯になるまでデータを詰めてから、\n"
6624 "I<local_iov>[1] に進むといったことを意味する。同様に、\n"
6625 "I<remote_iov>[0] を完全に読み出してから I<remote_iov>[1] に進み、\n"
6629 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:140
6631 "Similarly, B<process_vm_writev>() writes out the entire contents of "
6632 "I<local_iov[0]> before proceeding to I<local_iov[1]>, and it completely "
6633 "fills I<remote_iov[0]> before proceeding to I<remote_iov[1]>."
6637 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:148
6639 "The lengths of I<remote_iov[i].iov_len> and I<local_iov[i].iov_len> do not "
6640 "have to be the same. Thus, it is possible to split a single local buffer "
6641 "into multiple remote buffers, or vice versa."
6645 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:152
6646 msgid "The I<flags> argument is currently unused and must be set to 0."
6647 msgstr "I<flags> 引き数は現在使用されておらず、 0 を設定しなければならない。"
6649 #. In time, glibc might provide a wrapper that works around this limit,
6650 #. as is done for readv()/writev()
6652 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:165
6654 "The values specified in the I<liovcnt> and I<riovcnt> arguments must be less "
6655 "than or equal to B<IOV_MAX> (defined in I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>> or accessible "
6656 "via the call I<sysconf(_SC_IOV_MAX)>)."
6660 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:175
6662 "The count arguments and I<local_iov> are checked before doing any "
6663 "transfers. If the counts are too big, or I<local_iov> is invalid, or the "
6664 "addresses refer to regions that are inaccessible to the local process, none "
6665 "of the vectors will be processed and an error will be returned immediately."
6669 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:195
6671 "Note, however, that these system calls do not check the memory regions in "
6672 "the remote process until just before doing the read/write. Consequently, a "
6673 "partial read/write (see RETURN VALUE) may result if one of the "
6674 "I<remote_iov> elements points to an invalid memory region in the remote "
6675 "process. No further reads/writes will be attempted beyond that point. Keep "
6676 "this in mind when attempting to read data of unknown length (such as C "
6677 "strings that are null-terminated) from a remote process, by avoiding "
6678 "spanning memory pages (typically 4KiB) in a single remote I<iovec> element. "
6679 "(Instead, split the remote read into two I<remote_iov> elements and have "
6680 "them merge back into a single write I<local_iov> entry. The first read "
6681 "entry goes up to the page boundary, while the second starts on the next page "
6686 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:209
6688 "In order to read from or write to another process, either the caller must "
6689 "have the capability B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>, or the real user ID, effective user "
6690 "ID, and saved set-user-ID of the remote process must match the real user ID "
6691 "of the caller I<and> the real group ID, effective group ID, and saved set-"
6692 "group-ID of the remote process must match the real group ID of the caller. "
6693 "(The permission required is exactly the same as that required to perform a "
6694 "B<ptrace>(2) B<PTRACE_ATTACH> on the remote process.)"
6698 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:225
6700 "On success, B<process_vm_readv>() returns the number of bytes read and "
6701 "B<process_vm_writev>() returns the number of bytes written. This return "
6702 "value may be less than the total number of requested bytes, if a partial "
6703 "read/write occurred. (Partial transfers apply at the granularity of "
6704 "I<iovec> elements. These system calls won't perform a partial transfer that "
6705 "splits a single I<iovec> element.) The caller should check the return value "
6706 "to determine whether a partial read/write occurred."
6710 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:229
6711 msgid "On error, -1 is returned and I<errno> is set appropriately."
6712 msgstr "エラーの場合は -1 が返され、 I<errno> が適切に設定される。"
6715 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:241
6717 "The sum of the I<iov_len> values of either I<local_iov> or I<remote_iov> "
6718 "overflows a I<ssize_t> value."
6722 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:245
6723 msgid "I<flags> is not 0."
6724 msgstr "I<flags> が 0 でない。"
6727 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:251
6728 msgid "I<liovcnt> or I<riovcnt> is too large."
6729 msgstr "I<liovcnt> か I<riovcnt> が大きすぎる。"
6732 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:256
6734 "The memory described by I<local_iov> is outside the caller's accessible "
6737 "I<local_iov> が示すメモリが呼び出し側がアクセス可能な\n"
6741 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:262
6743 "The memory described by I<remote_iov> is outside the accessible address "
6744 "space of the process I<pid>."
6748 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:267
6750 "Could not allocate memory for internal copies of the I<iovec> structures."
6754 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:271
6756 "The caller does not have permission to access the address space of the "
6759 "呼び出し側がプロセス I<pid> のアドレス空間に対するアクセス許可を\n"
6763 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:276
6764 msgid "No process with ID I<pid> exists."
6765 msgstr "ID が I<pid> のプロセスが存在しない。"
6768 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:279
6770 "These system calls were added in Linux 3.2. Support is provided in glibc "
6771 "since version 2.15."
6773 "これらのシステムコールは Linux 3.2 で追加された。ライブラリによる\n"
6774 "サポートは glibc バージョン 2.15 以降で提供されている。"
6777 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:281
6778 msgid "These system calls are nonstandard Linux extensions."
6779 msgstr "これらのシステムコールは非標準で Linux による拡張である。"
6782 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:287
6784 "The data transfers performed by B<process_vm_readv>() and "
6785 "B<process_vm_writev>() are not guaranteed to be atomic in any way."
6788 #. Original user is MPI, http://www.mcs.anl.gov/research/projects/mpi/
6789 #. See also some benchmarks at http://lwn.net/Articles/405284/
6790 #. and http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=130105930902915&w=2
6792 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:295
6794 "These system calls were designed to permit fast message passing by allowing "
6795 "messages to be exchanged with a single copy operation (rather than the "
6796 "double copy that would be required when using, for example, shared memory or "
6801 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:303
6803 "The following code sample demonstrates the use of B<process_vm_readv>(). It "
6804 "reads 20 bytes at the address 0x10000 from the process with PID 10 and "
6805 "writes the first 10 bytes into I<buf1> and the second 10 bytes into I<buf2>."
6809 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:306
6811 msgid "#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>\n"
6812 msgstr "#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>\n"
6815 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:316
6821 " struct iovec local[2];\n"
6822 " struct iovec remote[1];\n"
6826 " pid_t pid = 10; /* PID of remote process */\n"
6831 " struct iovec local[2];\n"
6832 " struct iovec remote[1];\n"
6836 " pid_t pid = 10; /* PID of remote process */\n"
6839 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:323
6842 " local[0].iov_base = buf1;\n"
6843 " local[0].iov_len = 10;\n"
6844 " local[1].iov_base = buf2;\n"
6845 " local[1].iov_len = 10;\n"
6846 " remote[0].iov_base = (void *) 0x10000;\n"
6847 " remote[1].iov_len = 20;\n"
6849 " local[0].iov_base = buf1;\n"
6850 " local[0].iov_len = 10;\n"
6851 " local[1].iov_base = buf2;\n"
6852 " local[1].iov_len = 10;\n"
6853 " remote[0].iov_base = (void *) 0x10000;\n"
6854 " remote[1].iov_len = 20;\n"
6857 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:330
6860 " nread = process_vm_readv(pid, local, 2, remote, 1, 0);\n"
6861 " if (nread != 20)\n"
6867 " nread = process_vm_readv(pid, local, 2, remote, 1, 0);\n"
6868 " if (nread != 20)\n"
6875 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:334
6876 msgid "B<readv>(2), B<writev>(2)"
6877 msgstr "B<readv>(2), B<writev>(2)"
6880 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:44
6886 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:44
6888 #| msgid "2009-02-20"
6893 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:47
6894 msgid "ptrace - process trace"
6895 msgstr "ptrace - プロセスのトレース"
6898 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:50
6900 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/ptrace.hE<gt>>\n"
6901 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/ptrace.hE<gt>>\n"
6904 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:53
6907 "B<long ptrace(enum __ptrace_request >I<request>B<, pid_t >I<pid>B<, >\n"
6908 "B< void *>I<addr>B<, void *>I<data>B<);>\n"
6910 "B<long ptrace(enum __ptrace_request >I<request>B<, pid_t >I<pid>B<, >\n"
6911 "B< void *>I<addr>B<, void *>I<data>B<);>\n"
6914 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:62
6917 #| "The B<ptrace>() system call provides a means by which a parent process "
6918 #| "may observe and control the execution of another process, and examine and "
6919 #| "change its core image and registers. It is primarily used to implement "
6920 #| "breakpoint debugging and system call tracing."
6922 "The B<ptrace>() system call provides a means by which one process (the "
6923 "\"tracer\") may observe and control the execution of another process (the "
6924 "\"tracee\"), and examine and change the tracee's memory and registers. It "
6925 "is primarily used to implement breakpoint debugging and system call tracing."
6927 "B<ptrace>() システムコールは、親プロセスが、別のプロセスの実行の監視/制御を "
6928 "行ったり、コアイメージ (core image) やレジスタの調査/変更を 行ったりする手段"
6929 "を提供する。 B<ptrace>() は、主にブレークポイントによるデバッグやシステム"
6930 "コールのトレースを 実装するのに用いられる。"
6933 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:73
6935 "A tracee first needs to be attached to the tracer. Attachment and "
6936 "subsequent commands are per thread: in a multithreaded process, every thread "
6937 "can be individually attached to a (potentially different) tracer, or left "
6938 "not attached and thus not debugged. Therefore, \"tracee\" always means "
6939 "\"(one) thread\", never \"a (possibly multithreaded) process\". Ptrace "
6940 "commands are always sent to a specific tracee using a call of the form"
6944 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:75
6946 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_foo, pid, ...)\n"
6950 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:79
6951 msgid "where I<pid> is the thread ID of the corresponding Linux thread."
6955 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:85
6957 "(Note that in this page, a \"multithreaded process\" means a thread group "
6958 "consisting of threads created using the B<clone>(2) B<CLONE_THREAD> flag.)"
6962 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:96
6965 #| "The parent can initiate a trace by calling B<fork>(2) and having the "
6966 #| "resulting child do a B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, followed (typically) by an B<exec>"
6967 #| "(3). Alternatively, the parent may commence trace of an existing process "
6968 #| "using B<PTRACE_ATTACH>."
6970 "A process can initiate a trace by calling B<fork>(2) and having the "
6971 "resulting child do a B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, followed (typically) by an B<execve>"
6972 "(2). Alternatively, one process may commence tracing another process using "
6973 "B<PTRACE_ATTACH> or B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
6975 "トレースを開始するには、まず親プロセスで B<fork>(2) を呼び出す。生成された子"
6976 "プロセスで B<PTRACE_TRACEME> を行い、続いて (典型的には) B<exec>(3) を行な"
6977 "う。 別の方法としては、 親プロセスが既存のプロセスに対して B<PTRACE_ATTACH> "
6981 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:113
6984 #| "While being traced, the child will stop each time a signal is delivered, "
6985 #| "even if the signal is being ignored. (The exception is B<SIGKILL>, which "
6986 #| "has its usual effect.) The parent will be notified at its next B<wait>"
6987 #| "(2) and may inspect and modify the child process while it is stopped. "
6988 #| "The parent then causes the child to continue, optionally ignoring the "
6989 #| "delivered signal (or even delivering a different signal instead)."
6991 "While being traced, the tracee will stop each time a signal is delivered, "
6992 "even if the signal is being ignored. (An exception is B<SIGKILL>, which has "
6993 "its usual effect.) The tracer will be notified at its next call to "
6994 "B<waitpid>(2) (or one of the related \"wait\" system calls); that call will "
6995 "return a I<status> value containing information that indicates the cause of "
6996 "the stop in the tracee. While the tracee is stopped, the tracer can use "
6997 "various ptrace requests to inspect and modify the tracee. The tracer then "
6998 "causes the tracee to continue, optionally ignoring the delivered signal (or "
6999 "even delivering a different signal instead)."
7001 "トレースの実行中、子プロセスはシグナルが配送されるたびに、 たとえそのシグナル"
7002 "が無視すべきものであっても停止する (B<SIGKILL> は例外で、通常どおりの効果をも"
7003 "たらす)。 親プロセスには次の B<wait>(2) で通知され、停止している間に子プロセ"
7004 "スを調べたり修正したりすることができる。 そして親プロセスは子プロセスの実行を"
7005 "再開させるが、配送された シグナルを無視することもできる (あるいは代わりに別の"
7006 "シグナルを 配送することもできる) 。"
7009 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:123
7011 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is not in effect, all successful calls "
7012 "to B<execve>(2) by the traced process will cause it to be sent a B<SIGTRAP> "
7013 "signal, giving the parent a chance to gain control before the new program "
7018 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:127
7021 #| "When the parent is finished tracing, it can terminate the child with "
7022 #| "B<PTRACE_KILL> or cause it to continue executing in a normal, untraced "
7023 #| "mode via B<PTRACE_DETACH>."
7025 "When the tracer is finished tracing, it can cause the tracee to continue "
7026 "executing in a normal, untraced mode via B<PTRACE_DETACH>."
7028 "親プロセスがトレースを終了する際には、 B<PTRACE_KILL> を使用して子プロセスを"
7029 "終了させることもできるし、 B<PTRACE_DETACH> を用いて通常のトレースなしのモー"
7030 "ドにして、 実行を継続させることもできる。"
7033 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:131
7034 msgid "The value of I<request> determines the action to be performed:"
7035 msgstr "I<request> の値がこのシステムコールの動作を決定する:"
7038 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:131
7040 msgid "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>"
7041 msgstr "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>"
7044 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:141
7046 "Indicate that this process is to be traced by its parent. A process "
7047 "probably shouldn't make this request if its parent isn't expecting to trace "
7048 "it. (I<pid>, I<addr>, and I<data> are ignored.)"
7052 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:156
7055 #| "The above request is used only by the child process; the rest are used "
7056 #| "only by the parent. In the following requests, I<pid> specifies the "
7057 #| "child process to be acted on. For requests other than B<PTRACE_KILL>, "
7058 #| "the child process must be stopped."
7060 "The B<PTRACE_TRACEME> request is used only by the tracee; the remaining "
7061 "requests are used only by the tracer. In the following requests, I<pid> "
7062 "specifies the thread ID of the tracee to be acted on. For requests other "
7063 "than B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE>, B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> and "
7064 "B<PTRACE_KILL>, the tracee must be stopped."
7066 "上記の要求は子プロセスだけが行なうものである。 残りは親プロセスだけが行なうも"
7067 "のである。 以下の要求では、I<pid> で操作の対象となる 子プロセスを指定する。 "
7068 "B<PTRACE_KILL> を除き、要求を行なうためには 子プロセスは停止していなければな"
7072 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:156
7074 msgid "B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT>, B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>"
7075 msgstr "B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT>, B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>"
7078 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:167
7081 #| "Reads a word at the location I<addr> in the child's memory, returning the "
7082 #| "word as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. Linux does not have "
7083 #| "separate text and data address spaces, so the two requests are currently "
7084 #| "equivalent. (The argument I<data> is ignored.)"
7086 "Read a word at the address I<addr> in the tracee's memory, returning the "
7087 "word as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. Linux does not have separate "
7088 "text and data address spaces, so these two requests are currently "
7089 "equivalent. (I<data> is ignored.)"
7091 "子プロセスのメモリの I<addr> の位置から 1 ワードを読み出す。読み出したワード"
7092 "は B<ptrace>() の返り値として返される。 Linux ではテキスト (text) とデータ "
7093 "(data) で 同じアドレス空間を使用するため、この 2 つの要求は現在のところ 同じ"
7094 "ものである。 (引き数 I<data> は無視される。)"
7097 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:167
7099 msgid "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>"
7100 msgstr "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>"
7102 #. PTRACE_PEEKUSR in kernel source, but glibc uses PTRACE_PEEKUSER,
7103 #. and that is the name that seems common on other systems.
7105 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:185
7108 #| "Reads a word at offset I<addr> in the child's USER area, which holds the "
7109 #| "registers and other information about the process (see I<E<lt>sys/user."
7110 #| "hE<gt>>). The word is returned as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. "
7111 #| "Typically the offset must be word-aligned, though this might vary by "
7112 #| "architecture. See NOTES. (I<data> is ignored.)"
7114 "Read a word at offset I<addr> in the tracee's USER area, which holds the "
7115 "registers and other information about the process (see I<E<lt>sys/user."
7116 "hE<gt>>). The word is returned as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. "
7117 "Typically, the offset must be word-aligned, though this might vary by "
7118 "architecture. See NOTES. (I<data> is ignored.)"
7120 "子プロセスの USER 領域のオフセット I<addr> の位置から 1 ワードを読み込む。"
7121 "USER 領域にはそのプロセスの レジスタ (registers) などの情報が保持されている "
7122 "(I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>> を参照)。読み込んだワードは B<ptrace>() コールの結"
7123 "果として返される。 たいていはオフセットはワード境界になければならないが、 "
7124 "アーキテクチャによってはその必要はない。 「注意」の節を参照。 (I<data> は無視"
7128 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:185
7130 msgid "B<PTRACE_POKETEXT>, B<PTRACE_POKEDATA>"
7131 msgstr "B<PTRACE_POKETEXT>, B<PTRACE_POKEDATA>"
7134 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:197
7137 #| "Copies the word I<data> to location I<addr> in the child's memory. As "
7138 #| "above, the two requests are currently equivalent."
7140 "Copy the word I<data> to the address I<addr> in the tracee's memory. As for "
7141 "B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT> and B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>, these two requests are currently "
7144 "ワード I<data> を子プロセスのメモリの I<addr> の位置へコピーする。上と同様"
7145 "に、現在のところ二つの 要求は同じものである。"
7148 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:197
7150 msgid "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>"
7151 msgstr "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>"
7153 #. PTRACE_POKEUSR in kernel source, but glibc uses PTRACE_POKEUSER,
7154 #. and that is the name that seems common on other systems.
7155 #. FIXME In the preceding sentence, which modifications are disallowed,
7156 #. and when they are disallowed, how does user space discover that fact?
7158 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:213
7161 #| "Copies the word I<data> to offset I<addr> in the child's USER area. As "
7162 #| "above, the offset must typically be word-aligned. In order to maintain "
7163 #| "the integrity of the kernel, some modifications to the USER area are "
7166 "Copy the word I<data> to offset I<addr> in the tracee's USER area. As for "
7167 "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>, the offset must typically be word-aligned. In order to "
7168 "maintain the integrity of the kernel, some modifications to the USER area "
7171 "ワード I<data> を子プロセスの USER 領域のオフセット I<addr> の位置にコピーす"
7172 "る。 上と同様に、通常、オフセットはワード境界になければならない。 カーネルの"
7173 "完全性 (integrity) を維持するため、 変更内容によっては USER 領域の変更は禁止"
7177 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:213
7179 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETREGS>, B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS>"
7180 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETREGS>, B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS>"
7183 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:236
7186 #| "Copies the child's general purpose or floating-point registers, "
7187 #| "respectively, to location I<data> in the parent. See I<E<lt>sys/user."
7188 #| "hE<gt>> for information on the format of this data. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
7190 "Copy the tracee's general-purpose or floating-point registers, respectively, "
7191 "to the address I<data> in the tracer. See I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>> for "
7192 "information on the format of this data. (I<addr> is ignored.) Note that "
7193 "SPARC systems have the meaning of I<data> and I<addr> reversed; that is, "
7194 "I<data> is ignored and the registers are copied to the address I<addr>. "
7195 "B<PTRACE_GETREGS> and B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS> are not present on all "
7198 "それぞれ、子プロセスの汎用レジスタ、浮動小数点レジスタを親プロセスの I<data> "
7199 "の位置にコピーする。この data の書式に関しては I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>> を参照"
7200 "すること。(I<addr> は無視される。)"
7203 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:236
7205 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
7206 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
7207 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
7210 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:257
7212 "Read the tracee's registers. I<addr> specifies, in an architecture-"
7213 "dependent way, the type of registers to be read. B<NT_PRSTATUS> (with "
7214 "numerical value 1) usually results in reading of general-purpose "
7215 "registers. If the CPU has, for example, floating-point and/or vector "
7216 "registers, they can be retrieved by setting I<addr> to the corresponding "
7217 "B<NT_foo> constant. I<data> points to a B<struct iovec>, which describes "
7218 "the destination buffer's location and length. On return, the kernel "
7219 "modifies B<iov.len> to indicate the actual number of bytes returned."
7223 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:257
7225 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)"
7226 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> (Linux 2.3.99-pre6 以降)"
7229 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:269
7232 #| "Retrieve information about the signal that caused the stop. Copies a "
7233 #| "I<siginfo_t> structure (see B<sigaction>(2)) from the child to location "
7234 #| "I<data> in the parent. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
7236 "Retrieve information about the signal that caused the stop. Copy a "
7237 "I<siginfo_t> structure (see B<sigaction>(2)) from the tracee to the address "
7238 "I<data> in the tracer. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
7240 "停止の原因となったシグナルに関する情報を取得する。 I<siginfo_t> 構造体 "
7241 "(B<sigaction>(2) 参照) を子プロセスから親プロセスの I<data> の位置にコピーす"
7242 "る。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
7245 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:269
7247 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETREGS>, B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS>"
7248 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETREGS>, B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS>"
7250 #. FIXME In the preceding sentence, which modifications are disallowed,
7251 #. and when they are disallowed, how does user space discover that fact?
7253 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:294
7256 #| "Copies the child's general purpose or floating-point registers, "
7257 #| "respectively, from location I<data> in the parent. As for "
7258 #| "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>, some general purpose register modifications may be "
7259 #| "disallowed. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
7261 "Modify the tracee's general-purpose or floating-point registers, "
7262 "respectively, from the address I<data> in the tracer. As for "
7263 "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>, some general-purpose register modifications may be "
7264 "disallowed. (I<addr> is ignored.) Note that SPARC systems have the meaning "
7265 "of I<data> and I<addr> reversed; that is, I<data> is ignored and the "
7266 "registers are copied from the address I<addr>. B<PTRACE_SETREGS> and "
7267 "B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS> are not present on all architectures."
7269 "それぞれ、子プロセスの汎用レジスタ、浮動小数点レジスタに 親プロセスの "
7270 "I<date> の位置からコピーする。 B<PTRACE_POKEUSER> と同様に、汎用レジスタに"
7271 "よっては 変更が禁止されている場合がある。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
7274 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:294
7276 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
7277 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
7278 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
7281 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:303
7283 "Modify the tracee's registers. The meaning of I<addr> and I<data> is "
7284 "analogous to B<PTRACE_GETREGSET>."
7288 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:303
7290 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)"
7291 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> (Linux 2.3.99-pre6 以降)"
7294 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:319
7297 #| "Set signal information. Copies a I<siginfo_t> structure from location "
7298 #| "I<data> in the parent to the child. This will only affect signals that "
7299 #| "would normally be delivered to the child and were caught by the tracer. "
7300 #| "It may be difficult to tell these normal signals from synthetic signals "
7301 #| "generated by B<ptrace>() itself. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
7303 "Set signal information: copy a I<siginfo_t> structure from the address "
7304 "I<data> in the tracer to the tracee. This will affect only signals that "
7305 "would normally be delivered to the tracee and were caught by the tracer. It "
7306 "may be difficult to tell these normal signals from synthetic signals "
7307 "generated by B<ptrace>() itself. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
7309 "シグナル情報を設定する。 I<siginfo_t> 構造体を親プロセスのデータ I<data> の位"
7310 "置から 子プロセスにコピーする。 この処理を行うことができるのは、子プロセスに"
7311 "通常は配送されるはずで トレーサに捕捉されたシグナルについてだけである。 これ"
7312 "らの通常のシグナルと B<ptrace>() 自身が発生するシグナルを見分けるのは難しい"
7313 "かもしれない。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
7316 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:319
7318 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> (since Linux 2.4.6; see BUGS for caveats)"
7319 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> (Linux 2.4.6 以降; バグの章にある警告も参照)"
7322 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:328
7325 #| "Sets ptrace options from I<data> in the parent. (I<addr> is ignored.) "
7326 #| "I<data> is interpreted as a bit mask of options, which are specified by "
7327 #| "the following flags:"
7329 "Set ptrace options from I<data>. (I<addr> is ignored.) I<data> is "
7330 "interpreted as a bit mask of options, which are specified by the following "
7333 "親プロセスの I<data> に基づいて ptrace のオプションを設定する (I<addr> は無視"
7334 "される)。 I<data> はオプションのビットマスクとして解釈され、 オプションには以"
7338 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:329
7340 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
7341 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_EXITKILL> (since Linux 3.8)"
7342 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> (Linux 2.5.60 以降)"
7344 #. commit 992fb6e170639b0849bace8e49bf31bd37c4123
7346 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:337
7348 "If a tracer sets this flag, a B<SIGKILL> signal will be sent to every tracee "
7349 "if the tracer exits. This option is useful for ptrace jailers that want to "
7350 "ensure that tracees can never escape the tracer's control."
7354 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:337
7356 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
7357 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
7360 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:349
7363 #| "Stop the child at the next B<fork>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
7364 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
7365 #| "newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
7366 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
7368 "Stop the tracee at the next B<clone>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
7369 "newly cloned process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. A B<waitpid>(2) "
7370 "by the tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
7372 "次の B<fork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
7373 "8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに fork されたプロセスのトレースを自動"
7374 "的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でそのプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセスの "
7375 "PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
7378 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:352
7380 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_CLONEE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
7384 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:356 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:437
7385 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:465
7386 msgid "The PID of the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
7390 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:377
7393 #| "Stop the child at the next B<clone>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
7394 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
7395 #| "newly cloned process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
7396 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>. This option "
7397 #| "may not catch B<clone>(2) calls in all cases. If the child calls "
7398 #| "B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> will be "
7399 #| "delivered instead if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> is set; otherwise if the "
7400 #| "child calls B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set to B<SIGCHLD>, "
7401 #| "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK> will be delivered if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> is set."
7403 "This option may not catch B<clone>(2) calls in all cases. If the tracee "
7404 "calls B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> will "
7405 "be delivered instead if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> is set; otherwise if the "
7406 "tracee calls B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set to B<SIGCHLD>, "
7407 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK> will be delivered if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> is set."
7409 "次の B<clone>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE\\ E<lt>E<lt> "
7410 "\\8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに clone で作成されたプロセスのト"
7411 "レースを自動的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセ"
7412 "スの PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。 このオプションで全ての "
7413 "B<clone>(2) コールを捕まえられるわけではない。 子プロセスが B<CLONE_VFORK> "
7414 "フラグ付きで B<clone>(2) を呼び出した場合、 B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> が設定さ"
7415 "れていれば代わりに B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> が配送される。 また、子プロセスが終"
7416 "了シグナルを B<SIGCHLD> に設定して B<clone>(2) を呼び出した場合は、 "
7417 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> が設定されていれば B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK> が配送される。"
7420 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:377
7422 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
7423 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
7426 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:386
7428 "Stop the tracee at the next B<execve>(2). A B<waitpid>(2) by the tracer "
7429 "will return a I<status> value such that"
7433 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:389
7435 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXECE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
7439 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:395
7441 "If the execing thread is not a thread group leader, the thread ID is reset "
7442 "to thread group leader's ID before this stop. Since Linux 3.0, the former "
7443 "thread ID can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
7447 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:395
7449 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
7450 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> (Linux 2.5.60 以降)"
7453 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:403
7455 "Stop the tracee at exit. A B<waitpid>(2) by the tracer will return a "
7456 "I<status> value such that"
7460 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:406
7462 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXITE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
7466 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:410
7467 msgid "The tracee's exit status can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
7471 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:418
7474 #| "Stop the child at exit with I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
7475 #| "8>. The child's exit status can be retrieved with "
7476 #| "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>. This stop will be done early during process exit "
7477 #| "when registers are still available, allowing the tracer to see where the "
7478 #| "exit occurred, whereas the normal exit notification is done after the "
7479 #| "process is finished exiting. Even though context is available, the "
7480 #| "tracer cannot prevent the exit from happening at this point."
7482 "The tracee is stopped early during process exit, when registers are still "
7483 "available, allowing the tracer to see where the exit occurred, whereas the "
7484 "normal exit notification is done after the process is finished exiting. "
7485 "Even though context is available, the tracer cannot prevent the exit from "
7486 "happening at this point."
7488 "終了 (exit) 時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> で子プロセス"
7489 "の動作を停止させる。子プロセスの終了ステータスは B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得"
7490 "できる。 この停止はレジスタがまだ参照可能であるプロセス終了処理の初期に行わ"
7491 "れ、 トレーサはどこで終了が発生したかを知ることができる。 通常の終了通知 "
7492 "(exit notification) はプロセスの終了処理が完了した後に 行われる。コンテキスト"
7493 "を参照することはできるにも関わらず、 トレーサはこの時点から終了を止めることは"
7497 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:418
7499 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
7500 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
7503 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:430
7506 #| "Stop the child at the next B<fork>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
7507 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
7508 #| "newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
7509 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
7511 "Stop the tracee at the next B<fork>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
7512 "newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. A B<waitpid>(2) "
7513 "by the tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
7515 "次の B<fork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
7516 "8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに fork されたプロセスのトレースを自動"
7517 "的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でそのプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセスの "
7518 "PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
7521 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:433
7523 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_FORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
7527 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:437
7529 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> (since Linux 2.4.6)"
7530 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> (Linux 2.4.6 以降)"
7533 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:446
7536 #| "When delivering syscall traps, set bit 7 in the signal number (i.e., "
7537 #| "deliver I<SIGTRAP | 0x80>). This makes it easy for the tracer to tell "
7538 #| "the difference between normal traps and those caused by a syscall. "
7539 #| "(B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> may not work on all architectures.)"
7541 "When delivering system call traps, set bit 7 in the signal number (i.e., "
7542 "deliver I<SIGTRAP|0x80>). This makes it easy for the tracer to distinguish "
7543 "normal traps from those caused by a system call. (B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> "
7544 "may not work on all architectures.)"
7546 "システムコールのトラップが配送されたときに、シグナル番号のビット 7 を設定す"
7547 "る (すなわち、I<SIGTRAP | 0x80> を配送する)。 これにより、トレーサが通常のト"
7548 "ラップとシステムコールによるトラップを 区別しやすくなる。 "
7549 "(B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> はどのアーキテクチャでも動作しない可能性がある。)"
7552 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:446
7554 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
7555 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
7558 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:458
7561 #| "Stop the child at the next B<vfork>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
7562 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
7563 #| "newly vforked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
7564 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
7566 "Stop the tracee at the next B<vfork>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
7567 "newly vforked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. A B<waitpid>(2) "
7568 "by the tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
7570 "次の B<vfork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
7571 "8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに vfork されたプロセスのトレースを自"
7572 "動的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でそのプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセスの "
7573 "PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
7576 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:461
7578 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
7582 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:465
7584 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
7585 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (Linux 2.5.60 以降)"
7588 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:474
7590 "Stop the tracee at the completion of the next B<vfork>(2). A B<waitpid>(2) "
7591 "by the tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
7595 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:477
7597 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONEE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
7601 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:481
7603 "The PID of the new process can (since Linux 2.6.18) be retrieved with "
7604 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
7608 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:482
7610 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
7611 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
7614 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:502
7617 #| "Retrieve a message (as an I<unsigned long>) about the ptrace event that "
7618 #| "just happened, placing it in the location I<data> in the parent. For "
7619 #| "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> this is the child's exit status. For "
7620 #| "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> and B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE> "
7621 #| "this is the PID of the new process. Since Linux 2.6.18, the PID of the "
7622 #| "new process is also available for B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>. (I<addr> "
7625 "Retrieve a message (as an I<unsigned long>) about the ptrace event that "
7626 "just happened, placing it at the address I<data> in the tracer. For "
7627 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>, this is the tracee's exit status. For "
7628 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>, and "
7629 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>, this is the PID of the new process. (I<addr> is "
7632 "発生したばかりの ptrace イベントに関するメッセージを (I<unsigned long> 型で) "
7633 "取得する。 取得したメッセージは親プロセスの I<data> の位置に格納される。 得ら"
7634 "れる内容は、 B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> の場合は子プロセスの終了ステータスであり、 "
7635 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE> の場合は新"
7636 "しいプロセスの PID である。 Linux 2.6.18 以降では、新しいプロセスの PID は "
7637 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE> で入手できる。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
7640 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:502
7642 msgid "B<PTRACE_CONT>"
7643 msgstr "B<PTRACE_CONT>"
7646 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:514
7649 #| "Restarts the stopped child process. If I<data> is nonzero and not "
7650 #| "B<SIGSTOP>, it is interpreted as a signal to be delivered to the child; "
7651 #| "otherwise, no signal is delivered. Thus, for example, the parent can "
7652 #| "control whether a signal sent to the child is delivered or not. (I<addr> "
7655 "Restart the stopped tracee process. If I<data> is nonzero, it is "
7656 "interpreted as the number of a signal to be delivered to the tracee; "
7657 "otherwise, no signal is delivered. Thus, for example, the tracer can "
7658 "control whether a signal sent to the tracee is delivered or not. (I<addr> "
7661 "停止した子プロセスの実行を再開させる。 I<data> がゼロでなく、 B<SIGSTOP> でも"
7662 "なければ、 子プロセスに配送されるシグナルと解釈される。 ゼロや B<SIGSTOP> の"
7663 "場合はシグナルは配送されない。 これを使うと、例えば、親プロセスは 子プロセス"
7664 "に送られたシグナルを実際に配送するかどうかを 制御することができる。(I<addr> "
7668 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:514
7670 msgid "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>"
7671 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>"
7674 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:538
7677 #| "Restarts the stopped child as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but arranges for the "
7678 #| "child to be stopped at the next entry to or exit from a system call, or "
7679 #| "after execution of a single instruction, respectively. (The child will "
7680 #| "also, as usual, be stopped upon receipt of a signal.) From the parent's "
7681 #| "perspective, the child will appear to have been stopped by receipt of a "
7682 #| "B<SIGTRAP>. So, for B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, for example, the idea is to "
7683 #| "inspect the arguments to the system call at the first stop, then do "
7684 #| "another B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> and inspect the return value of the system call "
7685 #| "at the second stop. The I<data> argument is treated as for "
7686 #| "B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
7688 "Restart the stopped tracee as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but arrange for the tracee "
7689 "to be stopped at the next entry to or exit from a system call, or after "
7690 "execution of a single instruction, respectively. (The tracee will also, as "
7691 "usual, be stopped upon receipt of a signal.) From the tracer's perspective, "
7692 "the tracee will appear to have been stopped by receipt of a B<SIGTRAP>. So, "
7693 "for B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, for example, the idea is to inspect the arguments to "
7694 "the system call at the first stop, then do another B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> and "
7695 "inspect the return value of the system call at the second stop. The I<data> "
7696 "argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
7698 "B<PTRACE_CONT> と同様に停止した子プロセスを再開する。ただし、 "
7699 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> の場合は子プロセスが 次にシステムコールに入るかシステムコー"
7700 "ルから抜けるかする時に、 B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP> の場合は 1 命令 (instruction) "
7701 "実行した後に停止させる (通常どおり、子プロセスはシグナルを受け取った場合にも"
7702 "停止する)。 親プロセスから見ると、子プロセスは B<SIGTRAP> を受信して停止した"
7703 "ように見える。そのため、例えば B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> を使うと、1回目の停止で引き"
7704 "数を調べて B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> を実行し、 2回目の停止でシステムコールの返り値を"
7705 "調べる、 というようなことができる。 引き数 I<data> は B<PTRACE_CONT> の場合と"
7706 "同じ様に解釈される。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
7709 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:538
7711 msgid "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP> (since Linux 2.6.14)"
7712 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP> (Linux 2.6.14 以降)"
7716 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:559
7719 #| "For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, continue and stop on entry to the next syscall, "
7720 #| "which will not be executed. For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>, do the same "
7721 #| "but also singlestep if not a syscall. This call is used by programs like "
7722 #| "User Mode Linux that want to emulate all the child's system calls. The "
7723 #| "I<data> argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored; "
7724 #| "not supported on all architectures.)"
7726 "For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, continue and stop on entry to the next system call, "
7727 "which will not be executed. For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>, do the same "
7728 "but also singlestep if not a system call. This call is used by programs "
7729 "like User Mode Linux that want to emulate all the tracee's system calls. "
7730 "The I<data> argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. The I<addr> argument "
7731 "is ignored. These requests are currently supported only on x86."
7733 "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU> は、実行を再開し、次のシステムコールに入る時に停止させる。 "
7734 "システムコールは実行されない。 B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP> も同様だが、システ"
7735 "ムコールでない場合には 1 命令 (singlestep) だけ実行した時点でも停止させる。 "
7736 "このコールは User Mode Linux のように子プロセスのシステムコールを全て エミュ"
7737 "レートしようとするプログラムで使用される。 引き数 I<data> は B<PTRACE_CONT> "
7738 "の場合と同じ様に解釈される。 (I<addr> は無視される。 全てのアーキテクチャでサ"
7742 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:559
7744 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
7745 msgid "B<PTRACE_LISTEN> (since Linux 3.4)"
7746 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
7749 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:570
7751 "Restart the stopped tracee, but prevent it from executing. The resulting "
7752 "state of the tracee is similar to a process which has been stopped by a "
7753 "B<SIGSTOP> (or other stopping signal). See the \"group-stop\" subsection "
7754 "for additional information. B<PTRACE_LISTEN> only works on tracees attached "
7755 "by B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
7759 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:570
7761 msgid "B<PTRACE_KILL>"
7762 msgstr "B<PTRACE_KILL>"
7765 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:579
7768 #| "Sends the child a B<SIGKILL> to terminate it. (I<addr> and I<data> are "
7771 "Send the tracee a B<SIGKILL> to terminate it. (I<addr> and I<data> are "
7774 "子プロセスに B<SIGKILL> を送り終了させる。(I<addr> と I<data> は無視される。)"
7776 #. [Note from Denys Vlasenko:
7777 #. deprecation suggested by Oleg Nesterov. He prefers to deprecate it
7778 #. instead of describing (and needing to support) PTRACE_KILL's quirks.]
7780 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:598
7782 "I<This operation is deprecated; do not use it!> Instead, send a B<SIGKILL> "
7783 "directly using B<kill>(2) or B<tgkill>(2). The problem with B<PTRACE_KILL> "
7784 "is that it requires the tracee to be in signal-delivery-stop, otherwise it "
7785 "may not work (i.e., may complete successfully but won't kill the tracee). "
7786 "By contrast, sending a B<SIGKILL> directly has no such limitation."
7790 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:598
7792 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
7793 msgid "B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> (since Linux 3.4)"
7794 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
7797 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:612
7799 "Stop a tracee. If the tracee is running, it will stop with "
7800 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>. If the tracee is already stopped by a signal, or "
7801 "receives a signal in parallel with B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT>, it may report a "
7802 "group-stop or a signal-delivery-stop instead of B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>. "
7803 "B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> only works on tracees attached by B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
7807 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:612
7809 msgid "B<PTRACE_ATTACH>"
7810 msgstr "B<PTRACE_ATTACH>"
7812 #. No longer true (removed by Denys Vlasenko, 2011, who remarks:
7813 #. "I think it isn't true in non-ancient 2.4 and in 2.6/3.x.
7814 #. Basically, it's not true for any Linux in practical use.
7815 #. ; the behavior of the tracee is as if it had done a
7816 #. .BR PTRACE_TRACEME .
7817 #. The calling process actually becomes the parent of the tracee
7818 #. process for most purposes (e.g., it will receive
7819 #. notification of tracee events and appears in
7821 #. output as the tracee's parent), but a
7823 #. by the tracee will still return the PID of the original parent.
7825 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:640
7827 "Attach to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a tracee of the calling "
7828 "process. The tracee is sent a B<SIGSTOP>, but will not necessarily have "
7829 "stopped by the completion of this call; use B<waitpid>(2) to wait for the "
7830 "tracee to stop. See the \"Attaching and detaching\" subsection for "
7831 "additional information. (I<addr> and I<data> are ignored.)"
7835 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:640
7837 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
7838 msgid "B<PTRACE_SEIZE> (since Linux 3.4)"
7839 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
7842 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:660
7844 "Attach to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a tracee of the calling "
7845 "process. Unlike B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE> does not stop the "
7846 "process. Only a B<PTRACE_SEIZE>d process can accept B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> and "
7847 "B<PTRACE_LISTEN> commands. I<addr> must be zero. I<data> contains a bit "
7848 "mask of ptrace options to activate immediately."
7852 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:660
7854 msgid "B<PTRACE_DETACH>"
7855 msgstr "B<PTRACE_DETACH>"
7858 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:669
7861 #| "Restarts the stopped child as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but first detaches from "
7862 #| "the process, undoing the reparenting effect of B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, and the "
7863 #| "effects of B<PTRACE_TRACEME>. Although perhaps not intended, under Linux "
7864 #| "a traced child can be detached in this way regardless of which method was "
7865 #| "used to initiate tracing. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
7867 "Restart the stopped tracee as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but first detach from it. "
7868 "Under Linux, a tracee can be detached in this way regardless of which method "
7869 "was used to initiate tracing. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
7871 "B<PTRACE_CONT> と同様に停止した子プロセスを再開する。ただし まずそのプロセス"
7872 "からの分離 (detach) を行い、 B<PTRACE_ATTACH> での親の切り換えによる効果と "
7873 "B<PTRACE_TRACEME> の効果を取り消す。意図したものではないだろうが、 Linux で"
7874 "は、トレースされている子プロセスはどのような方法でトレースを 開始されたとして"
7875 "も、この方法で分離 (detach) することができる。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
7878 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:669
7880 msgid "Death under ptrace"
7884 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:678
7886 "When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives a killing signal (one whose "
7887 "disposition is set to B<SIG_DFL> and whose default action is to kill the "
7888 "process), all threads exit. Tracees report their death to their tracer(s). "
7889 "Notification of this event is delivered via B<waitpid>(2)."
7893 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:687
7895 "Note that the killing signal will first cause signal-delivery-stop (on one "
7896 "tracee only), and only after it is injected by the tracer (or after it was "
7897 "dispatched to a thread which isn't traced), will death from the signal "
7898 "happen on I<all> tracees within a multithreaded process. (The term \"signal-"
7899 "delivery-stop\" is explained below.)"
7903 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:699
7905 "B<SIGKILL> does not generate signal-delivery-stop and therefore the tracer "
7906 "can't suppress it. B<SIGKILL> kills even within system calls (syscall-exit-"
7907 "stop is not generated prior to death by B<SIGKILL>). The net effect is that "
7908 "B<SIGKILL> always kills the process (all its threads), even if some threads "
7909 "of the process are ptraced."
7913 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:704
7915 "When the tracee calls B<_exit>(2), it reports its death to its tracer. "
7916 "Other threads are not affected."
7920 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:708
7922 "When any thread executes B<exit_group>(2), every tracee in its thread group "
7923 "reports its death to its tracer."
7927 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:722
7929 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> option is on, B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> will happen "
7930 "before actual death. This applies to exits via B<exit>(2), B<exit_group>"
7931 "(2), and signal deaths (except B<SIGKILL>), and when threads are torn down "
7932 "on B<execve>(2) in a multithreaded process."
7936 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:747
7938 "The tracer cannot assume that the ptrace-stopped tracee exists. There are "
7939 "many scenarios when the tracee may die while stopped (such as B<SIGKILL>). "
7940 "Therefore, the tracer must be prepared to handle an B<ESRCH> error on any "
7941 "ptrace operation. Unfortunately, the same error is returned if the tracee "
7942 "exists but is not ptrace-stopped (for commands which require a stopped "
7943 "tracee), or if it is not traced by the process which issued the ptrace "
7944 "call. The tracer needs to keep track of the stopped/running state of the "
7945 "tracee, and interpret B<ESRCH> as \"tracee died unexpectedly\" only if it "
7946 "knows that the tracee has been observed to enter ptrace-stop. Note that "
7947 "there is no guarantee that I<waitpid(WNOHANG)> will reliably report the "
7948 "tracee's death status if a ptrace operation returned B<ESRCH>. I<waitpid"
7949 "(WNOHANG)> may return 0 instead. In other words, the tracee may be \"not "
7950 "yet fully dead\", but already refusing ptrace requests."
7954 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:761
7956 "The tracer can't assume that the tracee I<always> ends its life by reporting "
7957 "I<WIFEXITED(status)> or I<WIFSIGNALED(status)>; there are cases where this "
7958 "does not occur. For example, if a thread other than thread group leader "
7959 "does an B<execve>(2), it disappears; its PID will never be seen again, and "
7960 "any subsequent ptrace stops will be reported under the thread group leader's "
7965 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:761
7967 msgid "Stopped states"
7971 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:763
7972 msgid "A tracee can be in two states: running or stopped."
7976 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:767
7978 "There are many kinds of states when the tracee is stopped, and in ptrace "
7979 "discussions they are often conflated. Therefore, it is important to use "
7984 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:778
7986 "In this manual page, any stopped state in which the tracee is ready to "
7987 "accept ptrace commands from the tracer is called I<ptrace-stop>. Ptrace-"
7988 "stops can be further subdivided into I<signal-delivery-stop>, I<group-stop>, "
7989 "I<syscall-stop>, and so on. These stopped states are described in detail "
7994 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:783
7996 "When the running tracee enters ptrace-stop, it notifies its tracer using "
7997 "B<waitpid>(2) (or one of the other \"wait\" system calls). Most of this "
7998 "manual page assumes that the tracer waits with:"
8002 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:785
8004 msgid " pid = waitpid(pid_or_minus_1, &status, __WALL);\n"
8008 #. Do we require __WALL usage, or will just using 0 be ok? (With 0,
8009 #. I am not 100% sure there aren't ugly corner cases.) Are the
8010 #. rules different if user wants to use waitid? Will waitid require
8013 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:797
8015 "Ptrace-stopped tracees are reported as returns with I<pid> greater than 0 "
8016 "and I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true."
8020 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:805
8022 "The B<__WALL> flag does not include the B<WSTOPPED> and B<WEXITED> flags, "
8023 "but implies their functionality."
8027 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:812
8029 "Setting the B<WCONTINUED> flag when calling B<waitpid>(2) is not "
8030 "recommended: the \"continued\" state is per-process and consuming it can "
8031 "confuse the real parent of the tracee."
8035 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:820
8037 "Use of the B<WNOHANG> flag may cause B<waitpid>(2) to return 0 (\"no wait "
8038 "results available yet\") even if the tracer knows there should be a "
8039 "notification. Example:"
8043 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:829
8047 " ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, pid, 0L, 0L);\n"
8048 " if (errno == ESRCH) {\n"
8049 " /* tracee is dead */\n"
8050 " r = waitpid(tracee, &status, __WALL | WNOHANG);\n"
8051 " /* r can still be 0 here! */\n"
8056 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:852
8058 "The following kinds of ptrace-stops exist: signal-delivery-stops, group-"
8059 "stops, B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops, syscall-stops. They all are reported by "
8060 "B<waitpid>(2) with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true. They may be differentiated "
8061 "by examining the value I<statusE<gt>E<gt>8>, and if there is ambiguity in "
8062 "that value, by querying B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO>. (Note: the I<WSTOPSIG(status)"
8063 "> macro can't be used to perform this examination, because it returns the "
8064 "value I<(statusE<gt>E<gt>8)\\ &\\ 0xff>.)"
8068 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:852
8070 msgid "Signal-delivery-stop"
8074 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:872
8076 "When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives any signal except "
8077 "B<SIGKILL>, the kernel selects an arbitrary thread which handles the "
8078 "signal. (If the signal is generated with B<tgkill>(2), the target thread "
8079 "can be explicitly selected by the caller.) If the selected thread is "
8080 "traced, it enters signal-delivery-stop. At this point, the signal is not "
8081 "yet delivered to the process, and can be suppressed by the tracer. If the "
8082 "tracer doesn't suppress the signal, it passes the signal to the tracee in "
8083 "the next ptrace restart request. This second step of signal delivery is "
8084 "called I<signal injection> in this manual page. Note that if the signal is "
8085 "blocked, signal-delivery-stop doesn't happen until the signal is unblocked, "
8086 "with the usual exception that B<SIGSTOP> can't be blocked."
8090 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:886
8092 "Signal-delivery-stop is observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning "
8093 "with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, with the signal returned by I<WSTOPSIG"
8094 "(status)>. If the signal is B<SIGTRAP>, this may be a different kind of "
8095 "ptrace-stop; see the \"Syscall-stops\" and \"execve\" sections below for "
8096 "details. If I<WSTOPSIG(status)> returns a stopping signal, this may be a "
8097 "group-stop; see below."
8101 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:886
8103 msgid "Signal injection and suppression"
8107 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:889
8109 "After signal-delivery-stop is observed by the tracer, the tracer should "
8110 "restart the tracee with the call"
8114 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:891
8116 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_restart, pid, 0, sig)\n"
8120 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:904
8122 "where B<PTRACE_restart> is one of the restarting ptrace requests. If I<sig> "
8123 "is 0, then a signal is not delivered. Otherwise, the signal I<sig> is "
8124 "delivered. This operation is called I<signal injection> in this manual "
8125 "page, to distinguish it from signal-delivery-stop."
8129 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:910
8131 "The I<sig> value may be different from the I<WSTOPSIG(status)> value: the "
8132 "tracer can cause a different signal to be injected."
8136 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:926
8138 "Note that a suppressed signal still causes system calls to return "
8139 "prematurely. In this case system calls will be restarted: the tracer will "
8140 "observe the tracee to reexecute the interrupted system call (or "
8141 "B<restart_syscall>(2) system call for a few syscalls which use a different "
8142 "mechanism for restarting) if the tracer uses B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>. Even system "
8143 "calls (such as B<poll>(2)) which are not restartable after signal are "
8144 "restarted after signal is suppressed; however, kernel bugs exist which cause "
8145 "some syscalls to fail with B<EINTR> even though no observable signal is "
8146 "injected to the tracee."
8150 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:937
8152 "Restarting ptrace commands issued in ptrace-stops other than signal-delivery-"
8153 "stop are not guaranteed to inject a signal, even if I<sig> is nonzero. No "
8154 "error is reported; a nonzero I<sig> may simply be ignored. Ptrace users "
8155 "should not try to \"create a new signal\" this way: use B<tgkill>(2) "
8160 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:944
8162 "The fact that signal injection requests may be ignored when restarting the "
8163 "tracee after ptrace stops that are not signal-delivery-stops is a cause of "
8164 "confusion among ptrace users. One typical scenario is that the tracer "
8165 "observes group-stop, mistakes it for signal-delivery-stop, restarts the "
8170 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:946
8172 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_restart, pid, 0, stopsig)\n"
8176 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:952
8178 "with the intention of injecting I<stopsig>, but I<stopsig> gets ignored and "
8179 "the tracee continues to run."
8183 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:972
8185 "The B<SIGCONT> signal has a side effect of waking up (all threads of) a "
8186 "group-stopped process. This side effect happens before signal-delivery-"
8187 "stop. The tracer can't suppress this side effect (it can only suppress "
8188 "signal injection, which only causes the B<SIGCONT> handler to not be "
8189 "executed in the tracee, if such a handler is installed). In fact, waking up "
8190 "from group-stop may be followed by signal-delivery-stop for signal(s) "
8191 "I<other than> B<SIGCONT>, if they were pending when B<SIGCONT> was "
8192 "delivered. In other words, B<SIGCONT> may be not the first signal observed "
8193 "by the tracee after it was sent."
8197 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:976
8199 "Stopping signals cause (all threads of) a process to enter group-stop. This "
8200 "side effect happens after signal injection, and therefore can be suppressed "
8205 #. In the Linux 2.4 sources, in arch/i386/kernel/signal.c::do_signal(),
8207 #. /* The debugger continued. Ignore SIGSTOP. */
8208 #. if (signr == SIGSTOP)
8211 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:986
8212 msgid "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, the B<SIGSTOP> signal can't be injected."
8216 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1003
8218 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> can be used to retrieve a I<siginfo_t> structure which "
8219 "corresponds to the delivered signal. B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> may be used to "
8220 "modify it. If B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> has been used to alter I<siginfo_t>, the "
8221 "I<si_signo> field and the I<sig> parameter in the restarting command must "
8222 "match, otherwise the result is undefined."
8226 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1003
8232 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1015
8234 "When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives a stopping signal, all "
8235 "threads stop. If some threads are traced, they enter a group-stop. Note "
8236 "that the stopping signal will first cause signal-delivery-stop (on one "
8237 "tracee only), and only after it is injected by the tracer (or after it was "
8238 "dispatched to a thread which isn't traced), will group-stop be initiated on "
8239 "I<all> tracees within the multithreaded process. As usual, every tracee "
8240 "reports its group-stop separately to the corresponding tracer."
8244 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1024
8246 "Group-stop is observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning with "
8247 "I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, with the stopping signal available via I<WSTOPSIG"
8248 "(status)>. The same result is returned by some other classes of ptrace-"
8249 "stops, therefore the recommended practice is to perform the call"
8253 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1026
8255 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo)\n"
8259 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1047
8261 "The call can be avoided if the signal is not B<SIGSTOP>, B<SIGTSTP>, "
8262 "B<SIGTTIN>, or B<SIGTTOU>; only these four signals are stopping signals. If "
8263 "the tracer sees something else, it can't be a group-stop. Otherwise, the "
8264 "tracer needs to call B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO>. If B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> fails "
8265 "with B<EINVAL>, then it is definitely a group-stop. (Other failure codes "
8266 "are possible, such as B<ESRCH> (\"no such process\") if a B<SIGKILL> killed "
8271 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1056
8273 "As of Linux 2.6.38, after the tracer sees the tracee ptrace-stop and until "
8274 "it restarts or kills it, the tracee will not run, and will not send "
8275 "notifications (except B<SIGKILL> death) to the tracer, even if the tracer "
8276 "enters into another B<waitpid>(2) call."
8280 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1070
8282 "The kernel behavior described in the previous paragraph causes a problem "
8283 "with transparent handling of stopping signals. If the tracer restarts the "
8284 "tracee after group-stop, the stopping signal is effectively ignored\\(emthe "
8285 "tracee doesn't remain stopped, it runs. If the tracer doesn't restart the "
8286 "tracee before entering into the next B<waitpid>(2), future B<SIGCONT> "
8287 "signals will not be reported to the tracer; this would cause the B<SIGCONT> "
8288 "signals to have no effect on the tracee."
8292 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1081
8294 "Since Linux 3.4, there is a method to overcome this problem: instead of "
8295 "B<PTRACE_CONT>, a B<PTRACE_LISTEN> command can be used to restart a tracee "
8296 "in a way where it does not execute, but waits for a new event which it can "
8297 "report via B<waitpid>(2) (such as when it is restarted by a B<SIGCONT>)."
8301 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1081
8303 msgid "PTRACE_EVENT stops"
8307 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1087
8309 "If the tracer sets B<PTRACE_O_TRACE_*> options, the tracee will enter ptrace-"
8310 "stops called B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops."
8314 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1101
8316 "B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops are observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning "
8317 "with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)>, and I<WSTOPSIG(status)> returns B<SIGTRAP>. An "
8318 "additional bit is set in the higher byte of the status word: the value "
8319 "I<statusE<gt>E<gt>8> will be"
8323 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1103
8325 msgid " (SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_foo E<lt>E<lt> 8).\n"
8329 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1105
8330 msgid "The following events exist:"
8334 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1105
8336 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>"
8337 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>"
8340 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1118
8342 "Stop before return from B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> "
8343 "flag. When the tracee is continued after this stop, it will wait for child "
8344 "to exit/exec before continuing its execution (in other words, the usual "
8345 "behavior on B<vfork>(2))."
8349 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1118
8351 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
8352 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
8355 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1126
8357 "Stop before return from B<fork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set "
8362 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1126
8364 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
8365 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
8368 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1130
8369 msgid "Stop before return from B<clone>(2)."
8373 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1130
8375 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>"
8376 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>"
8379 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1140
8381 "Stop before return from B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> "
8382 "flag, but after the child unblocked this tracee by exiting or execing."
8386 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1146
8388 "For all four stops described above, the stop occurs in the parent (i.e., the "
8389 "tracee), not in the newly created thread. B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> can be used "
8390 "to retrieve the new thread's ID."
8394 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1146
8396 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC>"
8397 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC>"
8400 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1153
8402 "Stop before return from B<execve>(2). Since Linux 3.0, "
8403 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> returns the former thread ID."
8407 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1153
8409 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>"
8410 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>"
8413 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1169
8415 "Stop before exit (including death from B<exit_group>(2)), signal death, or "
8416 "exit caused by B<execve>(2) in a multithreaded process. "
8417 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> returns the exit status. Registers can be examined "
8418 "(unlike when \"real\" exit happens). The tracee is still alive; it needs to "
8419 "be B<PTRACE_CONT>ed or B<PTRACE_DETACH>ed to finish exiting."
8423 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1169
8425 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
8426 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>"
8427 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
8430 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1174
8431 msgid "Stop induced by B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> command."
8435 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1186
8437 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> on B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops returns B<SIGTRAP> in "
8438 "I<si_signo>, with I<si_code> set to I<(eventE<lt>E<lt>8)\\ |\\ SIGTRAP>."
8442 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1186
8444 msgid "Syscall-stops"
8448 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1199
8450 "If the tracee was restarted by B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, the tracee enters syscall-"
8451 "enter-stop just prior to entering any system call. If the tracer restarts "
8452 "the tracee with B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, the tracee enters syscall-exit-stop when "
8453 "the system call is finished, or if it is interrupted by a signal. (That is, "
8454 "signal-delivery-stop never happens between syscall-enter-stop and syscall-"
8455 "exit-stop; it happens I<after> syscall-exit-stop.)"
8459 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1213
8461 "Other possibilities are that the tracee may stop in a B<PTRACE_EVENT> stop, "
8462 "exit (if it entered B<_exit>(2) or B<exit_group>(2)), be killed by "
8463 "B<SIGKILL>, or die silently (if it is a thread group leader, the B<execve>"
8464 "(2) happened in another thread, and that thread is not traced by the same "
8465 "tracer; this situation is discussed later)."
8469 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1228
8471 "Syscall-enter-stop and syscall-exit-stop are observed by the tracer as "
8472 "B<waitpid>(2) returning with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, and I<WSTOPSIG"
8473 "(status)> giving B<SIGTRAP>. If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> option was set "
8474 "by the tracer, then I<WSTOPSIG(status)> will give the value I<(SIGTRAP\\ |\\ "
8479 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1234
8481 "Syscall-stops can be distinguished from signal-delivery-stop with B<SIGTRAP> "
8482 "by querying B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for the following cases:"
8486 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1234
8488 msgid "I<si_code> E<lt>= 0"
8492 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1246
8494 "B<SIGTRAP> was delivered as a result of a user-space action, for example, a "
8495 "system call (B<tgkill>(2), B<kill>(2), B<sigqueue>(3), etc.), expiration of "
8496 "a POSIX timer, change of state on a POSIX message queue, or completion of an "
8497 "asynchronous I/O request."
8501 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1246
8503 msgid "I<si_code> == SI_KERNEL (0x80)"
8507 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1250
8508 msgid "B<SIGTRAP> was sent by the kernel."
8512 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1250
8514 msgid "I<si_code> == SIGTRAP or I<si_code> == (SIGTRAP|0x80)"
8518 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1253
8519 msgid "This is a syscall-stop."
8523 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1258
8525 "However, syscall-stops happen very often (twice per system call), and "
8526 "performing B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for every syscall-stop may be somewhat "
8531 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1281
8533 "Some architectures allow the cases to be distinguished by examining "
8534 "registers. For example, on x86, I<rax> == -B<ENOSYS> in syscall-enter-"
8535 "stop. Since B<SIGTRAP> (like any other signal) always happens I<after> "
8536 "syscall-exit-stop, and at this point I<rax> almost never contains -"
8537 "B<ENOSYS>, the B<SIGTRAP> looks like \"syscall-stop which is not syscall-"
8538 "enter-stop\"; in other words, it looks like a \"stray syscall-exit-stop\" "
8539 "and can be detected this way. But such detection is fragile and is best "
8544 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1287
8546 "Using the B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> option is the recommended method to "
8547 "distinguish syscall-stops from other kinds of ptrace-stops, since it is "
8548 "reliable and does not incur a performance penalty."
8552 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1298
8554 "Syscall-enter-stop and syscall-exit-stop are indistinguishable from each "
8555 "other by the tracer. The tracer needs to keep track of the sequence of "
8556 "ptrace-stops in order to not misinterpret syscall-enter-stop as syscall-exit-"
8557 "stop or vice versa. The rule is that syscall-enter-stop is always followed "
8558 "by syscall-exit-stop, B<PTRACE_EVENT> stop or the tracee's death; no other "
8559 "kinds of ptrace-stop can occur in between."
8563 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1303
8565 "If after syscall-enter-stop, the tracer uses a restarting command other than "
8566 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, syscall-exit-stop is not generated."
8570 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1315
8572 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> on syscall-stops returns B<SIGTRAP> in I<si_signo>, "
8573 "with I<si_code> set to B<SIGTRAP> or I<(SIGTRAP|0x80)>."
8577 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1315
8579 msgid "PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, PTRACE_SYSEMU, PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP stops"
8584 #. document stops occurring with PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, PTRACE_SYSEMU,
8585 #. PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP
8587 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1321
8588 msgid "[Details of these kinds of stops are yet to be documented.]"
8592 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1321
8594 msgid "Informational and restarting ptrace commands"
8598 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1331
8600 "Most ptrace commands (all except B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE>, "
8601 "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT>, and B<PTRACE_KILL>) require the "
8602 "tracee to be in a ptrace-stop, otherwise they fail with B<ESRCH>."
8606 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1336
8608 "When the tracee is in ptrace-stop, the tracer can read and write data to the "
8609 "tracee using informational commands. These commands leave the tracee in "
8610 "ptrace-stopped state:"
8614 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1348
8617 " ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKTEXT/PEEKDATA/PEEKUSER, pid, addr, 0);\n"
8618 " ptrace(PTRACE_POKETEXT/POKEDATA/POKEUSER, pid, addr, long_val);\n"
8619 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS/GETFPREGS, pid, 0, &struct);\n"
8620 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGS/SETFPREGS, pid, 0, &struct);\n"
8621 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGSET, pid, NT_foo, &iov);\n"
8622 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGSET, pid, NT_foo, &iov);\n"
8623 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo);\n"
8624 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo);\n"
8625 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG, pid, 0, &long_var);\n"
8626 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETOPTIONS, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
8630 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1360
8632 "Note that some errors are not reported. For example, setting signal "
8633 "information (I<siginfo>) may have no effect in some ptrace-stops, yet the "
8634 "call may succeed (return 0 and not set I<errno>); querying "
8635 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> may succeed and return some random value if current "
8636 "ptrace-stop is not documented as returning a meaningful event message."
8640 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1362
8645 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1364
8647 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_SETOPTIONS, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
8651 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1373
8653 "affects one tracee. The tracee's current flags are replaced. Flags are "
8654 "inherited by new tracees created and \"auto-attached\" via active "
8655 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK>, B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK>, or B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> "
8660 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1376
8662 "Another group of commands makes the ptrace-stopped tracee run. They have "
8667 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1378
8669 msgid " ptrace(cmd, pid, 0, sig);\n"
8673 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1399
8675 "where I<cmd> is B<PTRACE_CONT>, B<PTRACE_LISTEN>, B<PTRACE_DETACH>, "
8676 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, or "
8677 "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>. If the tracee is in signal-delivery-stop, "
8678 "I<sig> is the signal to be injected (if it is nonzero). Otherwise, I<sig> "
8679 "may be ignored. (When restarting a tracee from a ptrace-stop other than "
8680 "signal-delivery-stop, recommended practice is to always pass 0 in I<sig>.)"
8684 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1399
8686 msgid "Attaching and detaching"
8690 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1401
8691 msgid "A thread can be attached to the tracer using the call"
8695 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1403
8697 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, 0, 0);\n"
8701 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1405 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1894
8706 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1407
8708 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_SEIZE, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
8712 #. FIXME: Describe how to attach to a thread which is already
8715 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1432
8717 "B<PTRACE_ATTACH> sends B<SIGSTOP> to this thread. If the tracer wants this "
8718 "B<SIGSTOP> to have no effect, it needs to suppress it. Note that if other "
8719 "signals are concurrently sent to this thread during attach, the tracer may "
8720 "see the tracee enter signal-delivery-stop with other signal(s) first! The "
8721 "usual practice is to reinject these signals until B<SIGSTOP> is seen, then "
8722 "suppress B<SIGSTOP> injection. The design bug here is that a ptrace attach "
8723 "and a concurrently delivered B<SIGSTOP> may race and the concurrent "
8724 "B<SIGSTOP> may be lost."
8728 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1439
8730 "Since attaching sends B<SIGSTOP> and the tracer usually suppresses it, this "
8731 "may cause a stray B<EINTR> return from the currently executing system call "
8732 "in the tracee, as described in the \"Signal injection and suppression\" "
8737 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1450
8739 "Since Linux 3.4, B<PTRACE_SEIZE> can be used instead of B<PTRACE_ATTACH>. "
8740 "B<PTRACE_SEIZE> does not stop the attached process. If you need to stop it "
8741 "after attach (or at any other time) without sending it any signals, use "
8742 "B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> command."
8746 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1452
8751 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1454
8753 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_TRACEME, 0, 0, 0);\n"
8757 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1460
8759 "turns the calling thread into a tracee. The thread continues to run "
8760 "(doesn't enter ptrace-stop). A common practice is to follow the "
8761 "B<PTRACE_TRACEME> with"
8765 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1462
8767 msgid " raise(SIGSTOP);\n"
8771 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1465
8773 "and allow the parent (which is our tracer now) to observe our signal-"
8778 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1489
8780 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK>, B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK>, or "
8781 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> options are in effect, then children created by, "
8782 "respectively, B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, "
8783 "B<fork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set to B<SIGCHLD>, and "
8784 "other kinds of B<clone>(2), are automatically attached to the same tracer "
8785 "which traced their parent. B<SIGSTOP> is delivered to the children, causing "
8786 "them to enter signal-delivery-stop after they exit the system call which "
8791 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1491
8792 msgid "Detaching of the tracee is performed by:"
8796 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1493
8798 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0, sig);\n"
8802 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1501
8804 "B<PTRACE_DETACH> is a restarting operation; therefore it requires the tracee "
8805 "to be in ptrace-stop. If the tracee is in signal-delivery-stop, a signal "
8806 "can be injected. Otherwise, the I<sig> parameter may be silently ignored."
8809 #. FIXME: Describe how to detach from a group-stopped tracee so that it
8810 #. doesn't run, but continues to wait for SIGCONT.
8812 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1525
8814 "If the tracee is running when the tracer wants to detach it, the usual "
8815 "solution is to send B<SIGSTOP> (using B<tgkill>(2), to make sure it goes to "
8816 "the correct thread), wait for the tracee to stop in signal-delivery-stop for "
8817 "B<SIGSTOP> and then detach it (suppressing B<SIGSTOP> injection). A design "
8818 "bug is that this can race with concurrent B<SIGSTOP>s. Another complication "
8819 "is that the tracee may enter other ptrace-stops and needs to be restarted "
8820 "and waited for again, until B<SIGSTOP> is seen. Yet another complication is "
8821 "to be sure that the tracee is not already ptrace-stopped, because no signal "
8822 "delivery happens while it is\\(emnot even B<SIGSTOP>."
8826 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1533
8828 "If the tracer dies, all tracees are automatically detached and restarted, "
8829 "unless they were in group-stop. Handling of restart from group-stop is "
8830 "currently buggy, but the \"as planned\" behavior is to leave tracee stopped "
8831 "and waiting for B<SIGCONT>. If the tracee is restarted from signal-delivery-"
8832 "stop, the pending signal is injected."
8836 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1533
8838 msgid "execve(2) under ptrace"
8842 #. clone(2) CLONE_THREAD says:
8843 #. If any of the threads in a thread group performs an execve(2),
8844 #. then all threads other than the thread group leader are terminated,
8845 #. and the new program is executed in the thread group leader.
8846 #. In kernel 3.1 sources, see fs/exec.c::de_thread()
8848 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1552
8850 "When one thread in a multithreaded process calls B<execve>(2), the kernel "
8851 "destroys all other threads in the process, and resets the thread ID of the "
8852 "execing thread to the thread group ID (process ID). (Or, to put things "
8853 "another way, when a multithreaded process does an B<execve>(2), at "
8854 "completion of the call, it appears as though the B<execve>(2) occurred in "
8855 "the thread group leader, regardless of which thread did the B<execve>(2).) "
8856 "This resetting of the thread ID looks very confusing to tracers:"
8860 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1562
8862 "All other threads stop in B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop, if the "
8863 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> option was turned on. Then all other threads except "
8864 "the thread group leader report death as if they exited via B<_exit>(2) with "
8869 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1570
8871 "The execing tracee changes its thread ID while it is in the B<execve>(2). "
8872 "(Remember, under ptrace, the \"pid\" returned from B<waitpid>(2), or fed "
8873 "into ptrace calls, is the tracee's thread ID.) That is, the tracee's thread "
8874 "ID is reset to be the same as its process ID, which is the same as the "
8875 "thread group leader's thread ID."
8879 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1576
8881 "Then a B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop happens, if the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> "
8882 "option was turned on."
8886 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1597
8888 "If the thread group leader has reported its B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop by "
8889 "this time, it appears to the tracer that the dead thread leader \"reappears "
8890 "from nowhere\". (Note: the thread group leader does not report death via "
8891 "I<WIFEXITED(status)> until there is at least one other live thread. This "
8892 "eliminates the possibility that the tracer will see it dying and then "
8893 "reappearing.) If the thread group leader was still alive, for the tracer "
8894 "this may look as if thread group leader returns from a different system call "
8895 "than it entered, or even \"returned from a system call even though it was "
8896 "not in any system call\". If the thread group leader was not traced (or was "
8897 "traced by a different tracer), then during B<execve>(2) it will appear as "
8898 "if it has become a tracee of the tracer of the execing tracee."
8902 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1600
8904 "All of the above effects are the artifacts of the thread ID change in the "
8909 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1620
8911 "The B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is the recommended tool for dealing with "
8912 "this situation. First, it enables B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop, which occurs "
8913 "before B<execve>(2) returns. In this stop, the tracer can use "
8914 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> to retrieve the tracee's former thread ID. (This "
8915 "feature was introduced in Linux 3.0). Second, the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> "
8916 "option disables legacy B<SIGTRAP> generation on B<execve>(2)."
8920 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1626
8922 "When the tracer receives B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop notification, it is "
8923 "guaranteed that except this tracee and the thread group leader, no other "
8924 "threads from the process are alive."
8928 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1634
8930 "On receiving the B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop notification, the tracer should "
8931 "clean up all its internal data structures describing the threads of this "
8932 "process, and retain only one data structure\\(emone which describes the "
8933 "single still running tracee, with"
8937 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1636
8939 msgid " thread ID == thread group ID == process ID.\n"
8943 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1640
8944 msgid "Example: two threads call B<execve>(2) at the same time:"
8948 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1651
8951 "*** we get syscall-enter-stop in thread 1: **\n"
8952 "PID1 execve(\"/bin/foo\", \"foo\" E<lt>unfinished ...E<gt>\n"
8953 "*** we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL for thread 1 **\n"
8954 "*** we get syscall-enter-stop in thread 2: **\n"
8955 "PID2 execve(\"/bin/bar\", \"bar\" E<lt>unfinished ...E<gt>\n"
8956 "*** we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL for thread 2 **\n"
8957 "*** we get PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC for PID0, we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL **\n"
8958 "*** we get syscall-exit-stop for PID0: **\n"
8959 "PID0 E<lt>... execve resumedE<gt> ) = 0\n"
8963 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1674
8965 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is I<not> in effect for the execing "
8966 "tracee, the kernel delivers an extra B<SIGTRAP> to the tracee after B<execve>"
8967 "(2) returns. This is an ordinary signal (similar to one which can be "
8968 "generated by I<kill -TRAP>), not a special kind of ptrace-stop. Employing "
8969 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for this signal returns I<si_code> set to 0 "
8970 "(I<SI_USER>). This signal may be blocked by signal mask, and thus may be "
8971 "delivered (much) later."
8975 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1693
8977 "Usually, the tracer (for example, B<strace>(1)) would not want to show this "
8978 "extra post-execve B<SIGTRAP> signal to the user, and would suppress its "
8979 "delivery to the tracee (if B<SIGTRAP> is set to B<SIG_DFL>, it is a killing "
8980 "signal). However, determining I<which> B<SIGTRAP> to suppress is not easy. "
8981 "Setting the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option and thus suppressing this extra "
8982 "B<SIGTRAP> is the recommended approach."
8986 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1693
8992 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1700
8994 "The ptrace API (ab)uses the standard UNIX parent/child signaling over "
8995 "B<waitpid>(2). This used to cause the real parent of the process to stop "
8996 "receiving several kinds of B<waitpid>(2) notifications when the child "
8997 "process is traced by some other process."
9001 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1703
9003 "Many of these bugs have been fixed, but as of Linux 2.6.38 several still "
9004 "exist; see BUGS below."
9008 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1705
9009 msgid "As of Linux 2.6.38, the following is believed to work correctly:"
9013 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1713
9015 "exit/death by signal is reported first to the tracer, then, when the tracer "
9016 "consumes the B<waitpid>(2) result, to the real parent (to the real parent "
9017 "only when the whole multithreaded process exits). If the tracer and the "
9018 "real parent are the same process, the report is sent only once."
9022 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1727
9025 #| "On success, B<PTRACE_PEEK*> requests return the requested data, while "
9026 #| "other requests return zero. On error, all requests return -1, and "
9027 #| "I<errno> is set appropriately. Since the value returned by a successful "
9028 #| "B<PTRACE_PEEK*> request may be -1, the caller must check I<errno> after "
9029 #| "such requests to determine whether or not an error occurred."
9031 "On success, B<PTRACE_PEEK*> requests return the requested data, while other "
9032 "requests return zero. On error, all requests return -1, and I<errno> is set "
9033 "appropriately. Since the value returned by a successful B<PTRACE_PEEK*> "
9034 "request may be -1, the caller must clear I<errno> before the call, and then "
9035 "check it afterward to determine whether or not an error occurred."
9037 "成功すると、 B<PTRACE_PEEK*> の場合は要求したデータを返し、 それ以外の場合は "
9038 "0 を返す。 エラーの場合は -1 を返し、 I<errno> が適切に設定される。 "
9039 "B<PTRACE_PEEK*> が成功して返す値も -1 になることがあるため、 そのような要求"
9040 "の場合には、呼び出し元は I<errno> を調べ、エラーか発生したのかどうかを判断し"
9044 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1731
9046 "(i386 only) There was an error with allocating or freeing a debug register."
9047 msgstr "(i386 のみ) デバッグレジスタの確保または解放でエラーが発生した。"
9050 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1742
9053 #| "There was an attempt to read from or write to an invalid area in the "
9054 #| "parent's or child's memory, probably because the area wasn't mapped or "
9055 #| "accessible. Unfortunately, under Linux, different variations of this "
9056 #| "fault will return B<EIO> or B<EFAULT> more or less arbitrarily."
9058 "There was an attempt to read from or write to an invalid area in the "
9059 "tracer's or the tracee's memory, probably because the area wasn't mapped or "
9060 "accessible. Unfortunately, under Linux, different variations of this fault "
9061 "will return B<EIO> or B<EFAULT> more or less arbitrarily."
9063 "親プロセスまたは子プロセスのメモリの不正な領域に読み書きしようとした。 おそら"
9064 "くその領域がマッピングされていないか、 その領域へのアクセスが許されていないか"
9065 "である。 不運なことに、Linux ではこのようなエラーの場合、多かれ少なかれ 恣意"
9066 "的に B<EIO> を返したり B<EFAULT> を返したりすることがある。"
9069 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1745
9070 msgid "An attempt was made to set an invalid option."
9071 msgstr "不正なオプションを設定しようとした。"
9074 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1752
9077 #| "I<request> is invalid, or an attempt was made to read from or write to an "
9078 #| "invalid area in the parent's or child's memory, or there was a word-"
9079 #| "alignment violation, or an invalid signal was specified during a restart "
9082 "I<request> is invalid, or an attempt was made to read from or write to an "
9083 "invalid area in the tracer's or the tracee's memory, or there was a word-"
9084 "alignment violation, or an invalid signal was specified during a restart "
9087 "I<request> が不正である。 または、親プロセスまたは子プロセスのメモリの 不正な"
9088 "領域に読み書きしようとした。 または、ワード境界違反があった。 または、実行再"
9089 "開の要求で不正なシグナルを指定した。"
9092 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1765
9095 #| "The specified process cannot be traced. This could be because the parent "
9096 #| "has insufficient privileges (the required capability is "
9097 #| "B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>); unprivileged processes cannot trace processes that "
9098 #| "they cannot send signals to or those running set-user-ID/set-group-ID "
9099 #| "programs, for obvious reasons. Alternatively, the process may already be "
9100 #| "being traced, or be B<init>(8) (PID 1)."
9102 "The specified process cannot be traced. This could be because the tracer "
9103 "has insufficient privileges (the required capability is B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>); "
9104 "unprivileged processes cannot trace processes that they cannot send signals "
9105 "to or those running set-user-ID/set-group-ID programs, for obvious reasons. "
9106 "Alternatively, the process may already be being traced, or (on kernels "
9107 "before 2.6.26) be B<init>(8) (PID 1)."
9109 "指定したプロセスをトレースすることができない。これは親プロセスが 必要な権限 "
9110 "(必要なケーパビリティは B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>) を持っていないことが原因の場合が"
9111 "ある。 分かりやすい理由を挙げるなら、 非特権プロセスはシグナルを送ることがで"
9112 "きないプロセスをトレースできないし、 set-user-ID/set-group-ID プログラムを実"
9113 "行しているプロセスはトレースできない。 または、プロセスはすでにトレース中であ"
9114 "る、 または B<init>(8) プロセス (PID が 1) である。"
9117 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1770
9120 #| "The specified process does not exist, or is not currently being traced by "
9121 #| "the caller, or is not stopped (for requests that require that)."
9123 "The specified process does not exist, or is not currently being traced by "
9124 "the caller, or is not stopped (for requests that require a stopped tracee)."
9126 "指定したプロセスが存在しない。 または、指定したプロセスは呼び出したプロセス"
9127 "が 現在トレース中の子プロセスではない。 または、指定したプロセスが停止してい"
9128 "ない (停止していることが必要な要求の場合)。"
9131 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1772
9132 msgid "SVr4, 4.3BSD."
9133 msgstr "SVr4, 4.3BSD."
9136 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1787
9139 #| "Although arguments to B<ptrace>() are interpreted according to the "
9140 #| "prototype given, glibc currently declares B<ptrace>() as a variadic "
9141 #| "function with only the I<request> argument fixed. This means that "
9142 #| "unneeded trailing arguments may be omitted, though doing so makes use of "
9143 #| "undocumented B<gcc>(1) behavior."
9145 "Although arguments to B<ptrace>() are interpreted according to the "
9146 "prototype given, glibc currently declares B<ptrace>() as a variadic "
9147 "function with only the I<request> argument fixed. It is recommended to "
9148 "always supply four arguments, even if the requested operation does not use "
9149 "them, setting unused/ignored arguments to I<0L> or I<(void\\ *)\\ 0>."
9151 "B<ptrace>() の引き数は上のようなプロトタイプに基づいて解釈されるが、 glibc "
9152 "では、現在のところ B<ptrace>() は I<request> 引き数だけが固定の可変長引き数"
9153 "関数として 宣言されている。 これは必要なければ残りの引き数は省略可能であるこ"
9154 "とを意味するが、 それは B<gcc>(1) の明文化されていない動作を利用していること"
9157 #. See commit 00cd5c37afd5f431ac186dd131705048c0a11fdb
9159 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1792
9161 #| msgid "B<init>(8), the process with PID 1, may not be traced."
9163 "In Linux kernels before 2.6.26, B<init>(8), the process with PID 1, may not "
9165 msgstr "B<init>(8) すなわち PID が 1 のプロセスはトレースすることができない。"
9167 #. See http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/5/8/375
9169 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1799
9172 #| "The layout of the contents of memory and the USER area are quite OS- and "
9173 #| "architecture-specific. The offset supplied, and the data returned, might "
9174 #| "not entirely match with the definition of I<struct user>."
9176 "The layout of the contents of memory and the USER area are quite operating-"
9177 "system- and architecture-specific. The offset supplied, and the data "
9178 "returned, might not entirely match with the definition of I<struct user>."
9180 "メモリや USER 領域の内容や配置は OS ごと、アーキテクチャごとに 非常に依存す"
9181 "る。 オフセットが指定された場合、返されるデータは I<struct user> の定義と完全"
9185 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1802
9188 #| "The size of a \"word\" is determined by the OS variant (e.g., for 32-bit "
9189 #| "Linux it is 32 bits, etc.)."
9191 "The size of a \"word\" is determined by the operating-system variant (e.g., "
9192 "for 32-bit Linux it is 32 bits)."
9194 "「ワード (word) 」の大きさは OS によって決まる。 (例えば、32 ビットの Linux "
9198 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1810
9201 #| "This page documents the way the B<ptrace>() call works currently in "
9202 #| "Linux. Its behavior differs noticeably on other flavors of UNIX. In any "
9203 #| "case, use of B<ptrace>() is highly OS- and architecture-specific."
9205 "This page documents the way the B<ptrace>() call works currently in Linux. "
9206 "Its behavior differs noticeably on other flavors of UNIX. In any case, use "
9207 "of B<ptrace>() is highly specific to the operating system and architecture."
9209 "このマニュアルは現在の Linux における B<ptrace>() コールの動作について記述し"
9210 "ている。他の UNIX では その動作は著しく異なる。 いかなる場合も B<ptrace>() "
9211 "を使うと OS やアーキテクチャに非常に依存したものになる。"
9214 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1821
9217 #| "On hosts with 2.6 kernel headers, B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> is declared with a "
9218 #| "different value than the one for 2.4. This leads to applications "
9219 #| "compiled with such headers failing when run on 2.4 kernels. This can be "
9220 #| "worked around by redefining B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> to "
9221 #| "B<PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS>, if that is defined."
9223 "On hosts with 2.6 kernel headers, B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> is declared with a "
9224 "different value than the one for 2.4. This leads to applications compiled "
9225 "with 2.6 kernel headers failing when run on 2.4 kernels. This can be worked "
9226 "around by redefining B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> to B<PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS>, if "
9229 "カーネル 2.6 のヘッダがインストールされたホストでは、 B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> は"
9230 "カーネル 2.4 のヘッダとは異なる値で宣言される。 このため、カーネル 2.6 のヘッ"
9231 "ダでコンパイルされたアプリケーションは カーネル 2.4 では正しく動作しない。 こ"
9232 "の問題は、 B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> が定義されていた際は、 B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> "
9233 "を B<PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS> に定義し直すことで対処できる。"
9236 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1824
9238 "Group-stop notifications are sent to the tracer, but not to real parent. "
9239 "Last confirmed on 2.6.38.6."
9242 #. Note from Denys Vlasenko:
9243 #. Here "exits" means any kind of death - _exit, exit_group,
9244 #. signal death. Signal death and exit_group cases are trivial,
9245 #. though: since signal death and exit_group kill all other threads
9246 #. too, "until all other threads exit" thing happens rather soon
9247 #. in these cases. Therefore, only _exit presents observably
9248 #. puzzling behavior to ptrace users: thread leader _exit's,
9249 #. but WIFEXITED isn't reported! We are trying to explain here
9251 #. FIXME: ^^^ need to test/verify this scenario
9253 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1855
9255 "If a thread group leader is traced and exits by calling B<_exit>(2), a "
9256 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop will happen for it (if requested), but the "
9257 "subsequent B<WIFEXITED> notification will not be delivered until all other "
9258 "threads exit. As explained above, if one of other threads calls B<execve>"
9259 "(2), the death of the thread group leader will I<never> be reported. If the "
9260 "execed thread is not traced by this tracer, the tracer will never know that "
9261 "B<execve>(2) happened. One possible workaround is to B<PTRACE_DETACH> the "
9262 "thread group leader instead of restarting it in this case. Last confirmed "
9267 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1865
9269 "A B<SIGKILL> signal may still cause a B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop before "
9270 "actual signal death. This may be changed in the future; B<SIGKILL> is meant "
9271 "to always immediately kill tasks even under ptrace. Last confirmed on "
9276 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1883
9278 "Some system calls return with B<EINTR> if a signal was sent to a tracee, but "
9279 "delivery was suppressed by the tracer. (This is very typical operation: it "
9280 "is usually done by debuggers on every attach, in order to not introduce a "
9281 "bogus B<SIGSTOP>). As of Linux 3.2.9, the following system calls are "
9282 "affected (this list is likely incomplete): B<epoll_wait>(2), and B<read>(2) "
9283 "from an B<inotify>(7) file descriptor. The usual symptom of this bug is "
9284 "that when you attach to a quiescent process with the command"
9288 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1885
9290 msgid " strace -p E<lt>process-IDE<gt>\n"
9294 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1888
9295 msgid "then, instead of the usual and expected one-line output such as"
9299 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1891
9301 msgid " restart_syscall(E<lt>... resuming interrupted call ...E<gt>_\n"
9305 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1897
9307 msgid " select(6, [5], NULL, [5], NULL_\n"
9311 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1901
9313 "('_' denotes the cursor position), you observe more than one line. For "
9318 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1905
9321 " clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, {15370, 690928118}) = 0\n"
9326 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1926
9328 "What is not visible here is that the process was blocked in B<epoll_wait>"
9329 "(2) before B<strace>(1) has attached to it. Attaching caused B<epoll_wait>"
9330 "(2) to return to user space with the error B<EINTR>. In this particular "
9331 "case, the program reacted to B<EINTR> by checking the current time, and then "
9332 "executing B<epoll_wait>(2) again. (Programs which do not expect such "
9333 "\"stray\" B<EINTR> errors may behave in an unintended way upon an B<strace>"
9338 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1940
9340 "B<gdb>(1), B<strace>(1), B<clone>(2), B<execve>(2), B<fork>(2), B<gettid>"
9341 "(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<tgkill>(2), B<vfork>(2), B<waitpid>(2), B<exec>(3), "
9342 "B<capabilities>(7), B<signal>(7)"
9344 "B<gdb>(1), B<strace>(1), B<clone>(2), B<execve>(2), B<fork>(2),\n"
9345 "B<gettid>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<tgkill>(2), B<vfork>(2),\n"
9346 "B<waitpid>(2), B<exec>(3), B<capabilities>(7), B<signal>(7)"
9349 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27
9355 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27
9361 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:30
9362 msgid "quotactl - manipulate disk quotas"
9363 msgstr "quotactl - ディスク quota を操作する"
9366 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:34
9369 "B<#include E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>\n"
9370 "B<#include E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>\n"
9372 "B<#include E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>\n"
9373 "B<#include E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>\n"
9376 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:37
9378 msgid "B<int quotactl(int >I<cmd>B<, const char *>I<special>B<, int >I<id>B<, caddr_t >I<addr>B<);>\n"
9379 msgstr "B<int quotactl(int >I<cmd>B<, const char *>I<special>B<, int >I<id>B<, caddr_t >I<addr>B<);>\n"
9382 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:49
9385 #| "The quota system defines for each user and/or group a soft limit and a "
9386 #| "hard limit bounding the amount of disk space that can be used on a given "
9387 #| "file system. The hard limit cannot be crossed. The soft limit can be "
9388 #| "crossed, but warnings will ensue. Moreover, the user cannot be above the "
9389 #| "soft limit for more than one week (by default) at a time: after this "
9390 #| "week the soft limit counts as hard limit."
9392 "The quota system can be used to set per-user and per-group limits on the "
9393 "amount of disk space used on a file system. For each user and/or group, a "
9394 "soft limit and a hard limit can be set for each file system. The hard limit "
9395 "can't be exceeded. The soft limit can be exceeded, but warnings will "
9396 "ensue. Moreover, the user can't exceed the soft limit for more than one "
9397 "week (by default) at a time; after this time, the soft limit counts as a "
9400 "quota システムは、各々のユーザ及び/またはグループに対して、 ソフト・リミット"
9401 "及びハード・リミットを定める。これはあるファイル・システムで 使用する事が出来"
9402 "るディスク容量を制限する。 ハード・リミットは超過することは出来ない。 ソフ"
9403 "ト・リミットは超過する事が出来るが、警告が発せられる。 更に、(デフォルトで"
9404 "は) 一週間以上ソフト・リミットを超過したままに しておく事はできない: 一週間経"
9405 "過した後はハード・リミットを超過したと みなされる。"
9408 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:74
9411 #| "The B<quotactl>() system call manipulates these quota. Its first "
9412 #| "argument is of the form B<QCMD(>I<subcmd>B<,>I<type>B<)> where I<type> is "
9413 #| "either B<USRQUOTA> or B<GRPQUOTA> (for user quota and group quota, "
9414 #| "respectively), and I<subcmd> is described below."
9416 "The B<quotactl>() call manipulates disk quotas. The I<cmd> argument "
9417 "indicates a command to be applied to the user or group ID specified in "
9418 "I<id>. To initialize the I<cmd> argument, use the I<QCMD(subcmd, type)> "
9419 "macro. The I<type> value is either B<USRQUOTA>, for user quotas, or "
9420 "B<GRPQUOTA>, for group quotas. The I<subcmd> value is described below."
9422 "B<quotactl>() システムコールはこれらの quota に対する操作を行なう。 最初の引"
9423 "き数は B<QCMD(>I<subcmd>B<,>I<type>B<)> という形式である。 I<type> には、ユー"
9424 "ザー quota については B<USRQUOTA> を、グループ quota については B<GRPQUOTA> "
9425 "を指定する。 I<subcmd> は以下で説明する。"
9428 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:79
9430 "The I<special> argument is a pointer to a null-terminated string containing "
9431 "the pathname of the (mounted) block special device for the file system being "
9436 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:87
9438 "The I<addr> argument is the address of an optional, command-specific, data "
9439 "structure that is copied in or out of the system. The interpretation of "
9440 "I<addr> is given with each command below."
9444 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:91
9445 msgid "The I<subcmd> value is one of the following:"
9446 msgstr "I<subcmd> の値は以下のいずれかである"
9449 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:91
9451 msgid "B<Q_QUOTAON>"
9452 msgstr "B<Q_QUOTAON>"
9455 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:98
9457 "Turn on quotas for a file system. The I<id> argument is the identification "
9458 "number of the quota format to be used. Currently, there are three supported "
9463 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:99
9465 msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_OLD>"
9469 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:102
9470 msgid "The original quota format."
9474 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:102
9476 msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_V0>"
9480 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:106
9482 "The standard VFS v0 quota format, which can handle 32-bit UIDs and GIDs and "
9483 "quota limits up to 2^42 bytes and 2^32 inodes."
9487 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:106
9489 msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_V1>"
9493 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:110
9495 "A quota format that can handle 32-bit UIDs and GIDs and quota limits of 2^64 "
9496 "bytes and 2^64 inodes."
9500 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:121
9502 "The I<addr> argument points to the pathname of a file containing the quotas "
9503 "for the file system. The quota file must exist; it is normally created with "
9504 "the B<quotacheck>(8) program. This operation requires privilege "
9505 "(B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
9509 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:121
9511 msgid "B<Q_QUOTAOFF>"
9512 msgstr "B<Q_QUOTAOFF>"
9515 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:131
9517 "Turn off quotas for a file system. The I<addr> and I<id> arguments are "
9518 "ignored. This operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
9522 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:131
9524 msgid "B<Q_GETQUOTA>"
9525 msgstr "B<Q_GETQUOTA>"
9528 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:142
9531 #| "Get limits and current usage of disk space. The I<addr> argument is a "
9532 #| "pointer to a dqblk structure (defined in I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>)."
9534 "Get disk quota limits and current usage for user or group I<id>. The "
9535 "I<addr> argument is a pointer to a I<dqblk> structure defined in I<E<lt>sys/"
9536 "quota.hE<gt>> as follows:"
9538 "ディスク使用量の制限値と現在の使用量を得る。 I<addr> 引き数は (I<E<lt>sys/"
9539 "quota.hE<gt>> で定義された) dqblk 構造体を指すポインタである。"
9542 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:147 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:234
9545 "/* uint64_t is an unsigned 64-bit integer;\n"
9546 " uint32_t is an unsigned 32-bit integer */\n"
9550 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:167
9553 "struct dqblk { /* Definition since Linux 2.4.22 */\n"
9554 " uint64_t dqb_bhardlimit; /* absolute limit on disk\n"
9555 " quota blocks alloc */\n"
9556 " uint64_t dqb_bsoftlimit; /* preferred limit on\n"
9557 " disk quota blocks */\n"
9558 " uint64_t dqb_curspace; /* current quota block\n"
9560 " uint64_t dqb_ihardlimit; /* maximum number of\n"
9561 " allocated inodes */\n"
9562 " uint64_t dqb_isoftlimit; /* preferred inode limit */\n"
9563 " uint64_t dqb_curinodes; /* current number of\n"
9564 " allocated inodes */\n"
9565 " uint64_t dqb_btime; /* time limit for excessive\n"
9567 " uint64_t dqb_itime; /* time limit for excessive\n"
9569 " uint32_t dqb_valid; /* bit mask of QIF_*\n"
9575 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:170
9578 "/* Flags in dqb_valid that indicate which fields in\n"
9579 " dqblk structure are valid. */\n"
9583 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:181
9586 "#define QIF_BLIMITS 1\n"
9587 "#define QIF_SPACE 2\n"
9588 "#define QIF_ILIMITS 4\n"
9589 "#define QIF_INODES 8\n"
9590 "#define QIF_BTIME 16\n"
9591 "#define QIF_ITIME 32\n"
9592 "#define QIF_LIMITS (QIF_BLIMITS | QIF_ILIMITS)\n"
9593 "#define QIF_USAGE (QIF_SPACE | QIF_INODES)\n"
9594 "#define QIF_TIMES (QIF_BTIME | QIF_ITIME)\n"
9595 "#define QIF_ALL (QIF_LIMITS | QIF_USAGE | QIF_TIMES)\n"
9599 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:198
9601 "The I<dqb_valid> field is a bit mask that is set to indicate the entries in "
9602 "the I<dqblk> structure that are valid. Currently, the kernel fills in all "
9603 "entries of the I<dqblk> structure and marks them as valid in the "
9604 "I<dqb_valid> field. Unprivileged users may retrieve only their own quotas; "
9605 "a privileged user (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) can retrieve the quotas of any user."
9609 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:198
9611 msgid "B<Q_SETQUOTA>"
9612 msgstr "B<Q_SETQUOTA>"
9615 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:218
9617 "Set quota information for user or group I<id>, using the information "
9618 "supplied in the I<dqblk> structure pointed to by I<addr>. The I<dqb_valid> "
9619 "field of the I<dqblk> structure indicates which entries in the structure "
9620 "have been set by the caller. This operation supersedes the B<Q_SETQLIM> and "
9621 "B<Q_SETUSE> operations in the previous quota interfaces. This operation "
9622 "requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
9626 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:218
9628 msgid "B<Q_GETINFO>"
9629 msgstr "B<Q_GETINFO>"
9632 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:229
9635 #| "Get limits and current usage of disk space. The I<addr> argument is a "
9636 #| "pointer to a dqblk structure (defined in I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>)."
9638 "Get information (like grace times) about quotafile. The I<addr> argument "
9639 "should be a pointer to a I<dqinfo> structure. This structure is defined in "
9640 "I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>> as follows:"
9642 "ディスク使用量の制限値と現在の使用量を得る。 I<addr> 引き数は (I<E<lt>sys/"
9643 "quota.hE<gt>> で定義された) dqblk 構造体を指すポインタである。"
9646 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:238
9649 "struct dqinfo { /* Defined since kernel 2.4.22 */\n"
9650 " uint64_t dqi_bgrace; /* Time before block soft limit\n"
9651 " becomes hard limit */\n"
9655 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:245
9658 " uint64_t dqi_igrace; /* Time before inode soft limit\n"
9659 " becomes hard limit */\n"
9660 " uint32_t dqi_flags; /* Flags for quotafile\n"
9662 " uint32_t dqi_valid;\n"
9667 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:247
9669 msgid "/* Bits for dqi_flags */\n"
9673 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:249
9675 msgid "/* Quota format QFMT_VFS_OLD */\n"
9679 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:251
9681 msgid "#define V1_DQF_RSQUASH\t1 /* Root squash enabled */\n"
9685 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:253
9687 msgid "/* Other quota formats have no dqi_flags bits defined */\n"
9691 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:256
9694 "/* Flags in dqi_valid that indicate which fields in\n"
9695 " dqinfo structure are valid. */\n"
9699 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:261
9702 "# define IIF_BGRACE\t1\n"
9703 "# define IIF_IGRACE\t2\n"
9704 "# define IIF_FLAGS\t4\n"
9705 "# define IIF_ALL\t(IIF_BGRACE | IIF_IGRACE | IIF_FLAGS)\n"
9709 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:277
9711 "The I<dqi_valid> field in the I<dqinfo> structure indicates the entries in "
9712 "the structure that are valid. Currently, the kernel fills in all entries of "
9713 "the I<dqinfo> structure and marks them all as valid in the I<dqi_valid> "
9714 "field. The I<id> argument is ignored."
9718 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:277
9720 msgid "B<Q_SETINFO>"
9721 msgstr "B<Q_SETINFO>"
9724 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:301
9726 "Set information about quotafile. The I<addr> argument should be a pointer "
9727 "to a I<dqinfo> structure. The I<dqi_valid> field of the I<dqinfo> structure "
9728 "indicates the entries in the structure that have been set by the caller. "
9729 "This operation supersedes the B<Q_SETGRACE> and B<Q_SETFLAGS> operations in "
9730 "the previous quota interfaces. The I<id> argument is ignored. This "
9731 "operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
9735 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:301
9738 msgstr "B<Q_GETFMT>"
9741 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:308
9743 "Get quota format used on the specified file system. The I<addr> argument "
9744 "should be a pointer to a 4-byte buffer where the format number will be "
9749 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:308
9755 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:319
9757 "Update the on-disk copy of quota usages for a file system. If I<special> is "
9758 "NULL, then all file systems with active quotas are sync'ed. The I<addr> and "
9759 "I<id> arguments are ignored."
9763 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:319
9765 msgid "B<Q_GETSTATS>"
9766 msgstr "B<Q_GETSTATS>"
9768 #. Q_GETSTATS was removed in kernel 2.4.22.
9770 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:339
9772 "Get statistics and other generic information about the quota subsystem. The "
9773 "I<addr> argument should be a pointer to a I<dqstats> structure in which data "
9774 "should be stored. This structure is defined in I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>.> "
9775 "The I<special> and I<id> arguments are ignored. This operation is obsolete "
9776 "and not supported by recent kernels. Files in I</proc/sys/fs/quota/> carry "
9777 "the information instead."
9781 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:342
9783 "For XFS file systems making use of the XFS Quota Manager (XQM), the above "
9784 "commands are bypassed and the following commands are used:"
9788 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:342
9790 msgid "B<Q_XQUOTAON>"
9791 msgstr "B<Q_XQUOTAON>"
9794 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:363
9796 "Turn on quotas for an XFS file system. XFS provides the ability to turn on/"
9797 "off quota limit enforcement with quota accounting. Therefore, XFS expects "
9798 "I<addr> to be a pointer to an I<unsigned int> that contains either the flags "
9799 "B<XFS_QUOTA_UDQ_ACCT> and/or B<XFS_QUOTA_UDQ_ENFD> (for user quota), or "
9800 "B<XFS_QUOTA_GDQ_ACCT> and/or B<XFS_QUOTA_GDQ_ENFD> (for group quota), as "
9801 "defined in I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>. This operation requires privilege "
9802 "(B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
9806 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:363
9808 msgid "B<Q_XQUOTAOFF>"
9809 msgstr "B<Q_XQUOTAOFF>"
9812 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:374
9814 "Turn off quotas for an XFS file system. As with B<Q_QUOTAON>, XFS file "
9815 "systems expect a pointer to an I<unsigned int> that specifies whether quota "
9816 "accounting and/or limit enforcement need to be turned off. This operation "
9817 "requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
9821 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:374
9823 msgid "B<Q_XGETQUOTA>"
9824 msgstr "B<Q_XGETQUOTA>"
9827 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:388
9829 "Get disk quota limits and current usage for user I<id>. The I<addr> "
9830 "argument is a pointer to an I<fs_disk_quota> structure (defined in "
9831 "I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>). Unprivileged users may retrieve only their own "
9832 "quotas; a privileged user (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) may retrieve the quotas of any "
9837 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:388
9839 msgid "B<Q_XSETQLIM>"
9840 msgstr "B<Q_XSETQLIM>"
9843 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:400
9845 "Set disk quota limits for user I<id>. The I<addr> argument is a pointer to "
9846 "an I<fs_disk_quota> structure (defined in I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>). This "
9847 "operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
9851 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:400
9853 msgid "B<Q_XGETQSTAT>"
9854 msgstr "B<Q_XGETQSTAT>"
9857 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:408
9859 "Returns an I<fs_quota_stat> structure containing XFS file system specific "
9860 "quota information. This is useful for finding out how much space is used to "
9861 "store quota information, and also to get quotaon/off status of a given local "
9866 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:408
9868 msgid "B<Q_XQUOTARM>"
9869 msgstr "B<Q_XQUOTARM>"
9872 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:412
9874 "Free the disk space taken by disk quotas. Quotas must have already been "
9879 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:419
9881 "There is no command equivalent to B<Q_SYNC> for XFS since B<sync>(1) writes "
9882 "quota information to disk (in addition to the other file system metadata "
9883 "that it writes out)."
9887 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:419
9889 msgid "RETURN VALUES"
9893 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:427
9895 "On success, B<quotactl>() returns 0; on error -1 is returned, and I<errno> "
9896 "is set to indicate the error."
9898 "成功すると、 B<quotactl>() は 0 を返す。\n"
9899 "エラーの場合、-1 を返し、 I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
9902 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:434
9903 msgid "I<addr> or I<special> is invalid."
9907 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:440
9908 msgid "I<cmd> or I<type> is invalid."
9912 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:440
9918 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:447
9919 msgid "The file specified by I<special> or I<addr> does not exist."
9923 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:452
9924 msgid "The kernel has not been compiled with the B<CONFIG_QUOTA> option."
9928 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:452
9934 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:456
9935 msgid "I<special> is not a block device."
9936 msgstr "I<special> がブロックデバイスではない。"
9939 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:461
9941 "The caller lacked the required privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) for the "
9942 "specified operation."
9946 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:465
9948 "No disk quota is found for the indicated user. Quotas have not been turned "
9949 "on for this file system."
9953 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:474
9954 msgid "If I<cmd> is B<Q_SETQUOTA>, B<quotactl>() may also set I<errno> to:"
9958 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:477
9959 msgid "Specified limits are out of range allowed by quota format."
9963 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:486
9964 msgid "If I<cmd> is B<Q_QUOTAON>, B<quotactl>() may also set I<errno> to:"
9968 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:495
9970 "The quota file pointed to by I<addr> exists, but is not a regular file; or, "
9971 "the quota file pointed to by I<addr> exists, but is not on the file system "
9972 "pointed to by I<special>."
9976 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:501
9978 "B<Q_QUOTAON> attempted, but another B<Q_QUOTAON> had already been performed."
9982 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:504
9983 msgid "The quota file is corrupted."
9984 msgstr "quota ファイルが壊れている。"
9987 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:507
9988 msgid "Specified quota format was not found."
9992 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:512
9993 msgid "B<quota>(1), B<getrlimit>(2), B<quotacheck>(8), B<quotaon>(8)"
9994 msgstr "B<quota>(1), B<getrlimit>(2), B<quotacheck>(8), B<quotaon>(8)"
9997 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19
10003 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19
10006 msgstr "2011-09-14"
10008 #. type: Plain text
10009 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:22
10010 msgid "sendfile - transfer data between file descriptors"
10011 msgstr "sendfile - ファイル・ディスクリプタ間でデータを転送する"
10013 #. type: Plain text
10014 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:24
10015 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>>"
10016 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>>"
10018 #. The below is too ugly. Comments about glibc versions belong
10019 #. in the notes, not in the header.
10020 #. .B #include <features.h>
10022 #. .B #if (__GLIBC__==2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__>=1) || __GLIBC__>2
10024 #. .B #include <sys/sendfile.h>
10028 #. .B #include <sys/types.h>
10030 #. .B /* No system prototype before glibc 2.1. */
10032 #. .BI "ssize_t sendfile(int" " out_fd" ", int" " in_fd" ", off_t *" #. offset ", size_t" " count" )
10035 #. type: Plain text
10036 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:47
10038 "B<ssize_t sendfile(int>I< out_fd>B<, int>I< in_fd>B<, off_t *>I<offset>B<, "
10039 "size_t>I< count>B<);>"
10041 "B<ssize_t sendfile(int>I< out_fd>B<, int>I< in_fd>B<, off_t *>I<offset>B<, "
10042 "size_t>I< count>B<);>"
10044 #. type: Plain text
10045 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:57
10047 "B<sendfile>() copies data between one file descriptor and another. Because "
10048 "this copying is done within the kernel, B<sendfile>() is more efficient "
10049 "than the combination of B<read>(2) and B<write>(2), which would require "
10050 "transferring data to and from user space."
10052 "B<sendfile>() は、あるファイル・ディスクリプタから別の ファイル・ディスクリ"
10053 "プタへのデータのコピーを行う。 このコピーはカーネル内で行われるので、 "
10054 "B<sendfile>() は、 B<read>(2) と B<write>(2) を組み合わせるよりも効率がよ"
10055 "い。 B<read>(2) や B<write>(2) ではユーザ空間との間でデータの転送が必要とな"
10058 #. type: Plain text
10059 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:62
10061 "I<in_fd> should be a file descriptor opened for reading and I<out_fd> should "
10062 "be a descriptor opened for writing."
10064 "I<in_fd> は読み込みのためにオープンされたファイル・ディスクリプタ、 "
10065 "I<out_fd> は書き込みのためにオープンされたディスクリプタでなければならない。"
10067 #. type: Plain text
10068 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:83
10070 "If I<offset> is not NULL, then it points to a variable holding the file "
10071 "offset from which B<sendfile>() will start reading data from I<in_fd>. "
10072 "When B<sendfile>() returns, this variable will be set to the offset of the "
10073 "byte following the last byte that was read. If I<offset> is not NULL, then "
10074 "B<sendfile>() does not modify the current file offset of I<in_fd>; "
10075 "otherwise the current file offset is adjusted to reflect the number of bytes "
10076 "read from I<in_fd>."
10078 "I<offset> が NULL でない場合、 I<offset> は B<sendfile>() が I<in_fd> のどこ"
10079 "からデータを読み始めるかを示すファイル・オフセットを保持する変数への ポインタ"
10080 "である。 B<sendfile>() は復帰する時、この変数に最後に読み込んだバイトの 次の"
10081 "バイトのオフセットを書き込む。 I<offset> が NULL でない場合、 B<sendfile>() "
10082 "は I<in_fd> のファイル・オフセットの現在値を変更しない。 NULL の場合は、ファ"
10083 "イル・オフセットの現在値を I<in_fd> から読み込んだバイト数を反映した位置に調"
10086 #. type: Plain text
10087 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:90
10089 "If I<offset> is NULL, then data will be read from I<in_fd> starting at the "
10090 "current file offset, and the file offset will be updated by the call."
10092 "I<offset> が NULL の場合、データは I<in_fd> の現在のファイル・オフセットから"
10093 "読み出され、 ファイル・オフセットはこの呼び出しで更新される。"
10095 #. type: Plain text
10096 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:93
10097 msgid "I<count> is the number of bytes to copy between the file descriptors."
10098 msgstr "I<count> は、ファイル・ディスクリプタ間でコピーするバイト数である。"
10100 #. type: Plain text
10101 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:100
10103 "The I<in_fd> argument must correspond to a file which supports B<mmap>(2)-"
10104 "like operations (i.e., it cannot be a socket)."
10106 "I<in_fd> 引き数は B<mmap>(2) 風の操作ができるファイルを指していなければなら"
10108 "い (ソケットを指定することはできない)。"
10110 #. type: Plain text
10111 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:108
10113 "In Linux kernels before 2.6.33, I<out_fd> must refer to a socket. Since "
10114 "Linux 2.6.33 it can be any file. If it is a regular file, then B<sendfile>"
10115 "() changes the file offset appropriately."
10117 "2.6.33 より前の Linux カーネルでは I<out_fd> はソケットを参照していなければ"
10119 "らない。Linux 2.6.33 以降では、任意のファイルを参照することができる。\n"
10120 "通常のファイルの場合には B<sendfile>() はファイルオフセットを適切に変更する。"
10122 #. type: Plain text
10123 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:115
10125 "If the transfer was successful, the number of bytes written to I<out_fd> is "
10126 "returned. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
10128 "転送に成功した場合、 I<out_fd> に書き込まれたバイト数を返す。エラーの場"
10129 "合、-1 を返し、 I<errno> に適切な値を設定する。"
10131 #. type: Plain text
10132 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:121
10134 "Nonblocking I/O has been selected using B<O_NONBLOCK> and the write would "
10137 "B<O_NONBLOCK> を用いて非ブロック I/O が選択されたが、書き込みがブロックされ"
10141 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:121 build/C/man2/splice.2:143
10142 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:123
10147 #. type: Plain text
10148 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:125
10150 "The input file was not opened for reading or the output file was not opened "
10153 "入力ファイルが読み込みのためにオープンされていないか、 出力ファイルが書き込み"
10156 #. type: Plain text
10157 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:128
10158 msgid "Bad address."
10159 msgstr "アドレスがおかしい。"
10161 #. type: Plain text
10162 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:134
10164 "Descriptor is not valid or locked, or an B<mmap>(2)-like operation is not "
10165 "available for I<in_fd>."
10167 "ディスクリプタが有効でないか、ロックされている。もしくは B<mmap>(2) 風の操作"
10168 "が I<in_fd> では利用できない。"
10170 #. type: Plain text
10171 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:138
10172 msgid "Unspecified error while reading from I<in_fd>."
10173 msgstr "I<in_fd> から読み込んでいるうちに予期しないエラーが起こった。"
10175 #. type: Plain text
10176 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:142
10177 msgid "Insufficient memory to read from I<in_fd>."
10178 msgstr "I<in_fd> から読み込むための十分なメモリがない。"
10180 #. type: Plain text
10181 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:148
10183 "B<sendfile>() is a new feature in Linux 2.2. The include file I<E<lt>sys/"
10184 "sendfile.hE<gt>> is present since glibc 2.1."
10186 "B<sendfile> は Linux 2.2 の新しい機能である。 インクルードファイル "
10187 "I<E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>> は glibc 2.1 から存在している。"
10189 #. type: Plain text
10190 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:150
10191 msgid "Not specified in POSIX.1-2001, or other standards."
10192 msgstr "POSIX.1-2001 や他の標準では規定されていない。"
10194 #. type: Plain text
10195 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:155
10197 "Other UNIX systems implement B<sendfile>() with different semantics and "
10198 "prototypes. It should not be used in portable programs."
10200 "他の UNIX システムでは、異なった方式やプロトタイプで B<sendfile>() を実装し"
10201 "ている。移植性を考慮したプログラムでは使用すべきではない。"
10203 #. type: Plain text
10204 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:165
10206 "If you plan to use B<sendfile>() for sending files to a TCP socket, but "
10207 "need to send some header data in front of the file contents, you will find "
10208 "it useful to employ the B<TCP_CORK> option, described in B<tcp>(7), to "
10209 "minimize the number of packets and to tune performance."
10211 "B<sendfile>() を使って TCP ソケットにファイルを送ろうとしていて、 ファイルの"
10212 "内容の前にヘッダ・データを付け加える必要がある場合は、 パケット数を最小にして"
10213 "性能を上げるために B<tcp>(7) に記述されている B<TCP_CORK> オプションを使うと"
10216 #. type: Plain text
10217 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:171
10219 "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, I<out_fd> could also refer to a regular file, and "
10220 "B<sendfile>() changed the current offset of that file."
10222 "Linux 2.4 とそれ以前のバージョンでも、 I<out_fd> は通常のファイルを参照で"
10224 "B<sendfile>() はそのファイルのオフセットの現在値を変更していた。"
10226 #. type: Plain text
10227 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:183
10229 "The original Linux B<sendfile>() system call was not designed to handle "
10230 "large file offsets. Consequently, Linux 2.4 added B<sendfile64>(), with a "
10231 "wider type for the I<offset> argument. The glibc B<sendfile>() wrapper "
10232 "function transparently deals with the kernel differences."
10234 "元々の Linux B<sendfile>() システムコールは大きなファイルオフセットを\n"
10235 "扱えるように設計されていなかった。その結果、Linux 2.4 で、\n"
10236 "ビット幅の大きな I<offset> 引き数を持った B<sendfile64>() が追加された。\n"
10237 "glibc の B<sendfile>() のラッパー関数はカーネルによるこの違いを吸収している。"
10239 #. type: Plain text
10240 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:192
10242 "Applications may wish to fall back to B<read>(2)/B<write>(2) in the case "
10243 "where B<sendfile>() fails with B<EINVAL> or B<ENOSYS>."
10245 "B<sendfile>() が B<EINVAL> や B<ENOSYS> で失敗するような場合は、 アプリケー"
10246 "ションは B<read>(2)/B<write>(2) に戻すことを考えてもよいかもしれない。"
10248 #. type: Plain text
10249 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:197
10251 "The Linux-specific B<splice>(2) call supports transferring data between "
10252 "arbitrary files (e.g., a pair of sockets)."
10254 "Linux 固有の B<splice>(2) システムコールは、任意のファイル間 (例えば、\n"
10255 "ソケット同士) でのデータ転送をサポートしている。"
10257 #. type: Plain text
10258 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:202
10259 msgid "B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<socket>(2), B<splice>(2)"
10260 msgstr "B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<socket>(2), B<splice>(2)"
10263 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25
10265 msgid "SET_TID_ADDRESS"
10266 msgstr "SET_TID_ADDRESS"
10269 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25
10271 #| msgid "2012-05-03"
10273 msgstr "2012-05-03"
10275 #. type: Plain text
10276 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:28
10277 msgid "set_tid_address - set pointer to thread ID"
10278 msgstr "set_tid_address - スレッド ID へのポインタを設定する"
10280 #. type: Plain text
10281 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:31
10283 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/unistd.hE<gt>>\n"
10284 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>linux/unistd.hE<gt>>\n"
10286 #. type: Plain text
10287 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:33
10289 msgid "B<long set_tid_address(int *>I<tidptr>B<);>\n"
10290 msgstr "B<long set_tid_address(int *>I<tidptr>B<);>\n"
10292 #. type: Plain text
10293 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:40
10296 #| "The kernel keeps for each process two values called I<set_child_tid> and "
10297 #| "I<clear_child_tid> that are NULL by default."
10299 "For each process, the kernel maintains two attributes (addresses) called "
10300 "I<set_child_tid> and I<clear_child_tid>. These two attributes contain the "
10301 "value NULL by default."
10303 "カーネルは各プロセスについて I<set_child_tid> と I<clear_child_tid> という 2 "
10304 "つの値を保持する。 これらはデフォルトでは NULL である。"
10307 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:40
10309 #| msgid "set_child_tid"
10310 msgid "I<set_child_tid>"
10311 msgstr "set_child_tid"
10313 #. type: Plain text
10314 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:51
10317 #| "If a process is started using B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_CHILD_SETTID> "
10318 #| "flag, I<set_child_tid> is set to I<child_tidptr>, the fifth argument of "
10319 #| "that system call."
10321 "If a process is started using B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_CHILD_SETTID> "
10322 "flag, I<set_child_tid> is set to the value passed in the I<ctid> argument of "
10323 "that system call."
10325 "プロセスが B<CLONE_CHILD_SETTID> フラグを指定した B<clone>(2) によって開始さ"
10326 "れた場合、 I<set_child_tid> は I<child_tidptr> に設定される。 これは B<clone>"
10327 "(2) のシステムコールの 5 番目の引き数である。"
10329 #. type: Plain text
10330 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:56
10332 "When I<set_child_tid> is set, the very first thing the new process does is "
10333 "writing its PID at this address."
10335 "I<set_child_tid> が設定された場合、一番最初に新しいプロセスが行うことは、 こ"
10336 "のアドレスに自身の PID を書き込むことである。"
10339 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:56
10341 #| msgid "clear_child_tid"
10342 msgid "I<clear_child_tid>"
10343 msgstr "clear_child_tid"
10345 #. type: Plain text
10346 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:67
10349 #| "If a process is started using B<clone>(2) with the "
10350 #| "B<CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID> flag, I<clear_child_tid> is set to "
10351 #| "I<child_tidptr>, the fifth argument of that system call."
10353 "If a process is started using B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID> "
10354 "flag, I<clear_child_tid> is set to the value passed in the I<ctid> argument "
10355 "of that system call."
10357 "プロセスが B<CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID> フラグを指定した B<clone>(2) によって開始"
10358 "された場合、 I<clear_child_tid> は I<child_tidptr> に設定される。 これは "
10359 "B<clone>(2) のシステムコールの 5 番目の引き数である。"
10361 #. type: Plain text
10362 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:74
10364 "The system call B<set_tid_address>() sets the I<clear_child_tid> value for "
10365 "the calling process to I<tidptr>."
10367 "システムコール B<set_tid_address>() は呼び出し元プロセスの "
10368 "I<clear_child_tid> の値を I<tidptr> に設定する。"
10370 #. type: Plain text
10371 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:82
10374 #| "When I<clear_child_tid> is set, and the process exits, and the process "
10375 #| "was sharing memory with other processes or threads, then 0 is written at "
10376 #| "this address, and a I<futex(child_tidptr, FUTEX_WAKE, 1, NULL, NULL, 0);> "
10377 #| "call is done. (That is, wake a single process waiting on this futex.) "
10378 #| "Errors are ignored."
10380 "When a process whose I<clear_child_tid> is not NULL terminates, then, if the "
10381 "process is sharing memory with other processes or threads, then 0 is written "
10382 "at the address specified in I<clear_child_tid> and the kernel performs the "
10383 "following operation:"
10385 "I<clear_child_tid> が設定されているときにプロセスが終了すると、 そのプロセス"
10386 "は他のプロセスまたはスレッドとメモリを共有しているので、 このアドレスに 0 が"
10387 "書き込まれ、 I<futex(child_tidptr, FUTEX_WAKE, 1, NULL, NULL, 0);> の呼び出し"
10388 "が実行される (つまり、この futex で待っている 1 つのプロセスを起こす "
10389 "(wake))。 エラーは無視される。"
10391 #. type: Plain text
10392 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:84
10394 msgid " futex(clear_child_tid, FUTEX_WAKE, 1, NULL, NULL, 0);\n"
10397 #. type: Plain text
10398 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:88
10400 "The effect of this operation is to wake a single process that is performing "
10401 "a futex wait on the memory location. Errors from the futex wake operation "
10405 #. type: Plain text
10406 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:91
10407 msgid "B<set_tid_address>() always returns the PID of the calling process."
10408 msgstr "B<set_tid_address>() は常に現在のプロセスの PID を返す。"
10410 #. type: Plain text
10411 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:94
10412 msgid "B<set_tid_address>() always succeeds."
10413 msgstr "B<set_tid_address>() は常に成功する。"
10415 #. type: Plain text
10416 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:97
10418 "This call is present since Linux 2.5.48. Details as given here are valid "
10419 "since Linux 2.5.49."
10421 "この呼び出しは Linux 2.5.48 以降で存在する。 ここで書かれた詳細は Linux "
10424 #. type: Plain text
10425 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:102
10426 msgid "B<clone>(2), B<futex>(2)"
10427 msgstr "B<clone>(2), B<futex>(2)"
10430 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:26
10436 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:26 build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
10439 msgstr "2012-05-04"
10441 #. type: Plain text
10442 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:29
10443 msgid "splice - splice data to/from a pipe"
10444 msgstr "splice - パイプとの間でデータを継ぎ合わせる"
10446 #. type: Plain text
10447 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:33 build/C/man2/tee.2:33
10450 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
10451 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
10453 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* feature_test_macros(7) 参照 */\n"
10454 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
10456 #. Return type was long before glibc 2.7
10457 #. type: Plain text
10458 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:38
10461 "B<ssize_t splice(int >I<fd_in>B<, loff_t *>I<off_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<,>\n"
10462 "B< loff_t *>I<off_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
10464 "B<ssize_t splice(int >I<fd_in>B<, loff_t *>I<off_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<,>\n"
10465 "B< loff_t *>I<off_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
10467 #. type: Plain text
10468 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:50
10470 "B<splice>() moves data between two file descriptors without copying between "
10471 "kernel address space and user address space. It transfers up to I<len> "
10472 "bytes of data from the file descriptor I<fd_in> to the file descriptor "
10473 "I<fd_out>, where one of the descriptors must refer to a pipe."
10475 "B<splice>() は、カーネルアドレス空間とユーザアドレス空間との間のコピーを伴わ"
10476 "ずに、 2 つのファイルディスクリプタ間でデータの移動を行う。 ファイルディスク"
10477 "リプタ I<fd_in> からファイルディスクリプタ I<fd_out> へ最大 I<len> バイトを転"
10478 "送する。 2 つのファイルディスクリプタのうち一つは パイプを参照していなければ"
10481 #. type: Plain text
10482 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:80
10484 "If I<fd_in> refers to a pipe, then I<off_in> must be NULL. If I<fd_in> does "
10485 "not refer to a pipe and I<off_in> is NULL, then bytes are read from I<fd_in> "
10486 "starting from the current file offset, and the current file offset is "
10487 "adjusted appropriately. If I<fd_in> does not refer to a pipe and I<off_in> "
10488 "is not NULL, then I<off_in> must point to a buffer which specifies the "
10489 "starting offset from which bytes will be read from I<fd_in>; in this case, "
10490 "the current file offset of I<fd_in> is not changed. Analogous statements "
10491 "apply for I<fd_out> and I<off_out>."
10493 "I<fd_in> がパイプを参照している場合、 I<off_in> は NULL でなければならない。 "
10494 "I<fd_in> がパイプを参照しておらず、 I<off_in> が NULL の場合、 I<fd_in> の現"
10495 "在のファイルオフセットから始まるバイトを読み出す。 現在のファイルオフセットは"
10496 "適切に調整される。 I<fd_in> がパイプを参照しておらず、 I<off_in> が NULL でな"
10497 "い場合、 I<off_in> は I<fd_in> からのデータ読み出しを開始する先頭オフセットを"
10498 "格納したバッファ へのポインタでなければならない。この場合、 I<fd_in> の現在の"
10499 "ファイルオフセットは変更されない。 I<fd_out> と I<off_out> に関しても同様であ"
10502 #. type: Plain text
10503 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:85 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:78
10505 "The I<flags> argument is a bit mask that is composed by ORing together zero "
10506 "or more of the following values:"
10508 "I<flags> 引き数には、以下の値の 0 個以上をビット毎の論理和の形で指定する。"
10511 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:85 build/C/man2/tee.2:62 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:78
10513 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_MOVE>"
10514 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_MOVE>"
10516 #. type: Plain text
10517 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:98
10519 "Attempt to move pages instead of copying. This is only a hint to the "
10520 "kernel: pages may still be copied if the kernel cannot move the pages from "
10521 "the pipe, or if the pipe buffers don't refer to full pages. The initial "
10522 "implementation of this flag was buggy: therefore starting in Linux 2.6.21 it "
10523 "is a no-op (but is still permitted in a B<splice>() call); in the future, a "
10524 "correct implementation may be restored."
10526 "ページのコピーでなく移動を試みる。 これはカーネルに対するヒントでしかない。 "
10527 "つまり、カーネルがパイプからページを移動できない場合や、 パイプバッファがペー"
10528 "ジ全部を参照していない場合は、 ページのコピーが行われることもある。 このフラ"
10529 "グの最初の実装にはバグがあった。そのため、 Linux 2.6.21 以降ではこのフラグの"
10530 "操作はできないようになっている (ただし、 B<splice>() コールでこのフラグを指"
10531 "定することは今も認められている)。 将来、正しい実装が行われることだろう。"
10534 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:98 build/C/man2/tee.2:68 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:84
10536 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK>"
10537 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK>"
10539 #. type: Plain text
10540 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:107
10542 "Do not block on I/O. This makes the splice pipe operations nonblocking, but "
10543 "B<splice>() may nevertheless block because the file descriptors that are "
10544 "spliced to/from may block (unless they have the B<O_NONBLOCK> flag set)."
10546 "入出力時に停止 (block) しない。 このフラグを指定すると、 splice によるパイプ"
10547 "操作を非停止モード (nonblocking) で 行おうとするが、その場合でも B<splice>"
10548 "() は停止することもある。なぜなら、データのやり取りを行う ファイルディスクリ"
10549 "プタは (B<O_NONBLOCK> フラグをセットされていない場合) 停止する可能性があるか"
10553 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:107 build/C/man2/tee.2:73 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:91
10555 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_MORE>"
10556 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_MORE>"
10558 #. type: Plain text
10559 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:121
10561 "More data will be coming in a subsequent splice. This is a helpful hint "
10562 "when the I<fd_out> refers to a socket (see also the description of "
10563 "B<MSG_MORE> in B<send>(2), and the description of B<TCP_CORK> in B<tcp>(7))"
10565 "この後の splice でさらに転送されるデータがあることを示す。 このフラグは "
10566 "I<fd_out> がソケットを参照している場合に有用なヒントとなる (B<send>(2) の "
10567 "B<MSG_MORE> や B<tcp>(7) の B<TCP_CORK> の説明も参照)。"
10570 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:121 build/C/man2/tee.2:79 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:97
10572 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_GIFT>"
10573 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_GIFT>"
10575 #. type: Plain text
10576 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:127
10577 msgid "Unused for B<splice>(); see B<vmsplice>(2)."
10578 msgstr "B<splice>() では使用しない。 B<vmsplice>(2) 参照。"
10580 #. type: Plain text
10581 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:136
10583 "Upon successful completion, B<splice>() returns the number of bytes spliced "
10584 "to or from the pipe. A return value of 0 means that there was no data to "
10585 "transfer, and it would not make sense to block, because there are no writers "
10586 "connected to the write end of the pipe referred to by I<fd_in>."
10588 "成功して完了すると、 B<splice>() はパイプから出し入れしたバイト数を返す。 返"
10589 "り値 0 はデータの転送が行わなかったことを示す。 この場合、処理を停止 (block) "
10590 "しても無意味である。 なぜなら、 I<fd_in> が参照するパイプの書き込み側に接続さ"
10593 #. type: Plain text
10594 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:142
10596 "On error, B<splice>() returns -1 and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
10598 "エラーの場合、 B<splice>() は -1 を返し、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値を設定す"
10601 #. type: Plain text
10602 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:147
10604 "One or both file descriptors are not valid, or do not have proper read-write "
10607 "ファイルディスクリプタの一方または両方が有効ではない、 もしくは適切な read-"
10610 #. The append-mode error is given since 2.6.27; in earlier kernels,
10611 #. splice() in append mode was broken
10612 #. type: Plain text
10613 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:155
10615 "Target file system doesn't support splicing; target file is opened in append "
10616 "mode; neither of the descriptors refers to a pipe; or offset given for "
10617 "nonseekable device."
10619 "対象のファイルシステムが splice に対応していない、 または対象のファイルが追記"
10620 "モードでオープンされている、 またはディスクリプタのどちらもパイプを参照してい"
10621 "ない、 または seek できないデバイスに対してオフセットが指定された。"
10623 #. type: Plain text
10624 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:158 build/C/man2/tee.2:114
10625 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:138
10626 msgid "Out of memory."
10630 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:158
10635 #. type: Plain text
10636 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:165
10638 "Either I<off_in> or I<off_out> was not NULL, but the corresponding file "
10639 "descriptor refers to a pipe."
10641 "I<off_in> か I<off_out> のいずれかが NULL ではないが、対応するファイルディス"
10642 "クリプタが パイプを参照している。"
10644 #. type: Plain text
10645 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:170
10647 "The B<splice>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17; library support "
10648 "was added to glibc in version 2.5."
10650 "B<splice>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で初めて登場した。\n"
10651 "ライブラリによるサポートは glibc バージョン 2.5 で追加された。"
10653 #. type: Plain text
10654 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:182
10657 #| "The three system calls B<splice>(), B<vmsplice>(2), and B<tee>(2), "
10658 #| "provide userspace programs with full control over an arbitrary kernel "
10659 #| "buffer, implemented within the kernel using the same type of buffer that "
10660 #| "is used for a pipe. In overview, these system calls perform the "
10661 #| "following tasks:"
10663 "The three system calls B<splice>(), B<vmsplice>(2), and B<tee>(2), provide "
10664 "user-space programs with full control over an arbitrary kernel buffer, "
10665 "implemented within the kernel using the same type of buffer that is used for "
10666 "a pipe. In overview, these system calls perform the following tasks:"
10668 "3 つのシステムコール (B<splice>(), B<vmsplice>(2), B<tee>(2)) を使うと、ユー"
10669 "ザ空間プログラムは任意のカーネルバッファに対する 完全な制御ができる。カーネル"
10670 "バッファは、パイプに使用されているのと 同種のバッファを使ってカーネル内に実装"
10671 "されている。 大まかにいうと、これらのシステムコールは以下の仕事を行う:"
10674 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:182
10676 msgid "B<splice>()"
10677 msgstr "B<splice>()"
10679 #. type: Plain text
10680 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:186
10682 "moves data from the buffer to an arbitrary file descriptor, or vice versa, "
10683 "or from one buffer to another."
10685 "バッファから任意のファイルディスクリプタや、その逆方向、 もしくはあるバッファ"
10686 "から別のバッファへの、データ移動を行う。"
10689 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:186
10694 #. type: Plain text
10695 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:189
10696 msgid "\"copies\" the data from one buffer to another."
10697 msgstr "あるバッファから別のバッファへのデータ「コピー」を行う。"
10700 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:189
10702 msgid "B<vmsplice>(2)"
10703 msgstr "B<vmsplice>(2)"
10705 #. type: Plain text
10706 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:192
10707 msgid "\"copies\" data from user space into the buffer."
10708 msgstr "ユーザ空間からバッファへのデータ「コピー」を行う。"
10710 #. Linus: Now, imagine using the above in a media server, for example.
10711 #. Let's say that a year or two has passed, so that the video drivers
10712 #. have been updated to be able to do the splice thing, and what can
10713 #. you do? You can:
10714 #. - splice from the (mpeg or whatever - let's just assume that the video
10715 #. input is either digital or does the encoding on its own - like they
10716 #. pretty much all do) video input into a pipe (remember: no copies - the
10717 #. video input will just DMA directly into memory, and splice will just
10718 #. set up the pages in the pipe buffer)
10719 #. - tee that pipe to split it up
10720 #. - splice one end to a file (ie "save the compressed stream to disk")
10721 #. - splice the other end to a real-time video decoder window for your
10722 #. real-time viewing pleasure.
10723 #. Linus: Now, the advantage of splice()/tee() is that you can
10724 #. do zero-copy movement of data, and unlike sendfile() you can
10725 #. do it on _arbitrary_ data (and, as shown by "tee()", it's more
10726 #. than just sending the data to somebody else: you can duplicate
10727 #. the data and choose to forward it to two or more different
10728 #. users - for things like logging etc.).
10729 #. type: Plain text
10730 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:223
10732 "Though we talk of copying, actual copies are generally avoided. The kernel "
10733 "does this by implementing a pipe buffer as a set of reference-counted "
10734 "pointers to pages of kernel memory. The kernel creates \"copies\" of pages "
10735 "in a buffer by creating new pointers (for the output buffer) referring to "
10736 "the pages, and increasing the reference counts for the pages: only pointers "
10737 "are copied, not the pages of the buffer."
10739 "ここではコピーの話をしているが、実際のコピーは一般的に回避される。 カーネル"
10740 "は、パイプ・バッファをカーネルメモリのページへのポインタ集合として 実装し、"
10741 "ページへの参照回数を管理することで、これを実現している。 カーネルは、対象とな"
10742 "るページを参照する (出力バッファ用の) ポインタを 新規に作成することでバッファ"
10743 "内のページの「コピー」を作成し、 そのページの参照回数を増やす。つまり、ポイン"
10744 "タだけがコピーされ、 バッファのページはコピーされない。"
10746 #. type: Plain text
10747 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:226
10748 msgid "See B<tee>(2)."
10749 msgstr "B<tee>(2) 参照。"
10751 #. type: Plain text
10752 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:230
10753 msgid "B<sendfile>(2), B<tee>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
10754 msgstr "B<sendfile>(2), B<tee>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
10757 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:26
10762 #. type: Plain text
10763 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:29
10764 msgid "tee - duplicating pipe content"
10765 msgstr "tee - パイプの中身を複製する"
10767 #. type: Plain text
10768 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:36
10770 msgid "B<ssize_t tee(int >I<fd_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
10771 msgstr "B<ssize_t tee(int >I<fd_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
10773 #. Example programs http://brick.kernel.dk/snaps
10774 #. add a "tee(in, out1, out2)" system call that duplicates the pages
10775 #. (again, incrementing their reference count, not copying the data) from
10776 #. one pipe to two other pipes.
10777 #. type: Plain text
10778 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:56
10780 "B<tee>() duplicates up to I<len> bytes of data from the pipe referred to by "
10781 "the file descriptor I<fd_in> to the pipe referred to by the file descriptor "
10782 "I<fd_out>. It does not consume the data that is duplicated from I<fd_in>; "
10783 "therefore, that data can be copied by a subsequent B<splice>(2)."
10785 "B<tee>() は、ファイルディスクリプタ I<fd_in> が参照するパイプからファイル"
10786 "ディスクリプタ I<fd_out> が参照するパイプへ最大 I<len> バイトのデータを複製す"
10787 "る。 この操作では、複製されるデータは I<fd_in> からは消費されない。したがっ"
10788 "て、これらのデータをこの後の B<splice>(2) でコピーすることができる。"
10790 #. type: Plain text
10791 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:62
10793 "I<flags> is a series of modifier flags, which share the name space with "
10794 "B<splice>(2) and B<vmsplice>(2):"
10796 "I<flags> は一連の修飾フラグであり、 B<splice>(2) や B<vmsplice>(2) と共通の"
10799 #. type: Plain text
10800 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:68
10801 msgid "Currently has no effect for B<tee>(); see B<splice>(2)."
10802 msgstr "現在のところ B<tee>() では何の効果もない。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
10804 #. Not used for vmsplice
10805 #. May be in the future -- therefore EAGAIN
10806 #. type: Plain text
10807 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:73 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:91
10808 msgid "Do not block on I/O; see B<splice>(2) for further details."
10809 msgstr "入出力で停止 (block) しない。詳細は B<splice>(2) 参照。"
10811 #. type: Plain text
10812 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:79
10814 "Currently has no effect for B<tee>(), but may be implemented in the future; "
10815 "see B<splice>(2)."
10817 "現在のところ B<tee>() では何の効果もないが、将来的には実装される可能性があ"
10818 "る。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
10820 #. type: Plain text
10821 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:85
10822 msgid "Unused for B<tee>(); see B<vmsplice>(2)."
10823 msgstr "B<tee>() では未使用。 B<vmsplice>(2) 参照。"
10825 #. type: Plain text
10826 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:94
10828 "Upon successful completion, B<tee>() returns the number of bytes that were "
10829 "duplicated between the input and output. A return value of 0 means that "
10830 "there was no data to transfer, and it would not make sense to block, because "
10831 "there are no writers connected to the write end of the pipe referred to by "
10834 "成功して完了すると、 B<tee>() は入出力間で複製されたバイト数を返す。 返り値 "
10835 "0 はデータの転送が行われなかったことを示す。 この場合、処理を停止 (block) し"
10836 "ても無意味である。 なぜなら、 I<fd_in> が参照するパイプの書き込み側に接続され"
10839 #. type: Plain text
10840 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:100
10842 "On error, B<tee>() returns -1 and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
10844 "エラーの場合、 B<tee>() は -1 を返し、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値を設定する。"
10846 #. type: Plain text
10847 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:111
10849 "I<fd_in> or I<fd_out> does not refer to a pipe; or I<fd_in> and I<fd_out> "
10850 "refer to the same pipe."
10852 "I<fd_in> と I<fd_out> のどちらかがパイプを参照していない。もしくは I<fd_in> "
10853 "と I<fd_out> が同じパイプを参照している。"
10855 #. type: Plain text
10856 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:119
10858 "The B<tee>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17; library support "
10859 "was added to glibc in version 2.5."
10861 "B<tee>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で初めて登場した。\n"
10862 "ライブラリによるサポートは glibc バージョン 2.5 で追加された。"
10864 #. type: Plain text
10865 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:130
10867 "Conceptually, B<tee>() copies the data between the two pipes. In reality "
10868 "no real data copying takes place though: under the covers, B<tee>() assigns "
10869 "data in the output by merely grabbing a reference to the input."
10871 "概念としては、 B<tee>() は二つのパイプ間でデータのコピーを行う。 しかし、実"
10872 "際には実データのコピーは行われない。 内部では、 B<tee>() は入力側に対する参"
10873 "照だけを作成することで出力側にデータを 追加する。"
10875 #. type: Plain text
10876 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:136
10878 "The following example implements a basic B<tee>(1) program using the B<tee>"
10881 "以下の例は、 B<tee>() システムコールを使って、 基本的な B<tee>(1) プログラ"
10884 #. type: Plain text
10885 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:145
10888 "#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
10889 "#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
10890 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
10891 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
10892 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
10893 "#include E<lt>errno.hE<gt>\n"
10894 "#include E<lt>limits.hE<gt>\n"
10896 "#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
10897 "#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
10898 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
10899 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
10900 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
10901 "#include E<lt>errno.hE<gt>\n"
10902 "#include E<lt>limits.hE<gt>\n"
10904 #. type: Plain text
10905 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:151
10909 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
10912 " int len, slen;\n"
10915 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
10918 " int len, slen;\n"
10920 #. type: Plain text
10921 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:156
10924 " if (argc != 2) {\n"
10925 " fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>fileE<gt>\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
10926 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
10929 " if (argc != 2) {\n"
10930 " fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>fileE<gt>\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
10931 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
10934 #. type: Plain text
10935 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:162
10938 " fd = open(argv[1], O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);\n"
10939 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
10940 " perror(\"open\");\n"
10941 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
10944 " fd = open(argv[1], O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);\n"
10945 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
10946 " perror(\"open\");\n"
10947 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
10950 #. type: Plain text
10951 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:169
10956 " * tee stdin to stdout.\n"
10958 " len = tee(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO,\n"
10959 " INT_MAX, SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK);\n"
10963 " * tee stdin to stdout.\n"
10965 " len = tee(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO,\n"
10966 " INT_MAX, SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK);\n"
10968 #. type: Plain text
10969 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:178
10972 " if (len E<lt> 0) {\n"
10973 " if (errno == EAGAIN)\n"
10975 " perror(\"tee\");\n"
10976 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
10981 " if (len E<lt> 0) {\n"
10982 " if (errno == EAGAIN)\n"
10984 " perror(\"tee\");\n"
10985 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
10990 #. type: Plain text
10991 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:192
10995 " * Consume stdin by splicing it to a file.\n"
10997 " while (len E<gt> 0) {\n"
10998 " slen = splice(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, fd, NULL,\n"
10999 " len, SPLICE_F_MOVE);\n"
11000 " if (slen E<lt> 0) {\n"
11001 " perror(\"splice\");\n"
11009 " * Consume stdin by splicing it to a file.\n"
11011 " while (len E<gt> 0) {\n"
11012 " slen = splice(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, fd, NULL,\n"
11013 " len, SPLICE_F_MOVE);\n"
11014 " if (slen E<lt> 0) {\n"
11015 " perror(\"splice\");\n"
11022 #. type: Plain text
11023 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:196
11027 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
11031 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
11034 #. type: Plain text
11035 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:200
11036 msgid "B<splice>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
11037 msgstr "B<splice>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
11040 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:26
11046 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:26
11049 msgstr "2009-02-20"
11051 #. type: Plain text
11052 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:29
11053 msgid "vm86old, vm86 - enter virtual 8086 mode"
11054 msgstr "vm86old, vm86 - 仮想 8086 モードへ移行する"
11056 #. type: Plain text
11057 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:31
11058 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/vm86.hE<gt>>"
11059 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/vm86.hE<gt>>"
11061 #. type: Plain text
11062 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:33
11063 msgid "B<int vm86old(struct vm86_struct *>I<info>B<);>"
11064 msgstr "B<int vm86old(struct vm86_struct *>I<info>B<);>"
11066 #. type: Plain text
11067 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:35
11068 msgid "B<int vm86(unsigned long >I<fn>B<, struct vm86plus_struct *>I<v86>B<);>"
11070 "B<int vm86(unsigned long >I<fn>B<, struct vm86plus_struct *>I<v86>B<);>"
11072 #. type: Plain text
11073 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:46
11075 "The system call B<vm86>() was introduced in Linux 0.97p2. In Linux 2.1.15 "
11076 "and 2.0.28 it was renamed to B<vm86old>(), and a new B<vm86>() was "
11077 "introduced. The definition of I<struct vm86_struct> was changed in 1.1.8 "
11080 "B<vm86>() システムコールは Linux 0.97p2 で導入された。 これは Linux 2.1.15 "
11081 "と 2.0.28 で B<vm86old>() に名前が変更され、 新しい B<vm86>() が導入され"
11082 "た。 I<struct vm86_struct> の定義は 1.1.8 と 1.1.9 で変更された。"
11084 #. type: Plain text
11085 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:50
11087 "These calls cause the process to enter VM86 mode (virtual-8086 in Intel "
11088 "literature), and are used by B<dosemu>."
11090 "これらのコールによってプロセスは VM86 モード (Intel の文書では仮想 8086 モー"
11091 "ド) へと移行する。 これらのコールは B<dosemu> で使用される。"
11093 #. type: Plain text
11094 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:52
11095 msgid "VM86 mode is an emulation of real mode within a protected mode task."
11097 "VM86 モードはプロテクトモードタスクにおける リアルモードのエミュレーションで"
11100 #. type: Plain text
11101 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:62
11104 #| "This return value is specific to i386 and indicates a problem with "
11105 #| "getting userspace data."
11107 "This return value is specific to i386 and indicates a problem with getting "
11110 "この返り値は i386 固有のものであり、 ユーザー空間のデータを取得する際に問題が"
11113 #. type: Plain text
11114 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:66
11116 "This return value indicates the call is not implemented on the present "
11119 "この返り値は、このコールが現在のアーキテクチャで実装されていないことを示す。"
11121 #. type: Plain text
11122 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:71
11124 "Saved kernel stack exists. (This is a kernel sanity check; the saved stack "
11125 "should only exist within vm86 mode itself.)"
11127 "保存されたカーネルスタックが既に存在している。(これはカーネルが通常の 状態で"
11128 "あるかをチェックしている。保存されたスタックは vm86 モードで しか存在しな"
11131 #. type: Plain text
11132 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:74
11134 "This call is specific to Linux on 32-bit Intel processors, and should not be "
11135 "used in programs intended to be portable."
11137 "この関数は 32 ビット Intel プロセッサ上の Linux 特有の関数であり、 移植を意図"
11138 "したプログラムでは使用すべきでない。"
11141 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
11146 #. type: Plain text
11147 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:29
11148 msgid "vmsplice - splice user pages into a pipe"
11149 msgstr "vmsplice - ユーザ・ページをパイプに継ぎ合わせる"
11151 #. type: Plain text
11152 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:34
11155 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
11156 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
11157 "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
11159 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* feature_test_macros(7) 参照 */\n"
11160 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
11161 "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
11163 #. type: Plain text
11164 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:37
11167 "B<ssize_t vmsplice(int >I<fd>B<, const struct iovec *>I<iov>B<,>\n"
11168 "B< unsigned long >I<nr_segs>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
11170 "B<ssize_t vmsplice(int >I<fd>B<, const struct iovec *>I<iov>B<,>\n"
11171 "B< unsigned long >I<nr_segs>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
11173 #. Linus: vmsplice() system call to basically do a "write to
11174 #. the buffer", but using the reference counting and VM traversal
11175 #. to actually fill the buffer. This means that the user needs to
11176 #. be careful not to reuse the user-space buffer it spliced into
11177 #. the kernel-space one (contrast this to "write()", which copies
11178 #. the actual data, and you can thus reuse the buffer immediately
11179 #. after a successful write), but that is often easy to do.
11180 #. type: Plain text
11181 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:57
11183 "The B<vmsplice>() system call maps I<nr_segs> ranges of user memory "
11184 "described by I<iov> into a pipe. The file descriptor I<fd> must refer to a "
11187 "B<vmsplice>() システムコールは、 I<iov> で指定されたユーザ・メモリの "
11188 "I<nr_segs> の範囲をパイプにマッピングする。 I<fd> はパイプを参照していなけれ"
11191 #. type: Plain text
11192 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:64
11194 "The pointer I<iov> points to an array of I<iovec> structures as defined in "
11195 "I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>:"
11197 "ポインタ I<iov> は I<iovec> 構造体の配列を指す。 I<iovec> 構造体は "
11198 "I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>> で以下のように定義されている:"
11200 #. type: Plain text
11201 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:71
11205 " void *iov_base; /* Starting address */\n"
11206 " size_t iov_len; /* Number of bytes */\n"
11210 " void *iov_base; /* 開始アドレス */\n"
11211 " size_t iov_len; /* バイト数 */\n"
11214 #. type: Plain text
11215 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:84
11216 msgid "Unused for B<vmsplice>(); see B<splice>(2)."
11217 msgstr "B<vmsplice>() では未使用。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
11219 #. type: Plain text
11220 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:97
11222 "Currently has no effect for B<vmsplice>(), but may be implemented in the "
11223 "future; see B<splice>(2)."
11225 "現在のところ B<vmsplice>() では何の効果もないが、将来的には実装される可能性"
11226 "がある。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
11228 #. FIXME Explain the following line in a little more detail:
11229 #. .... if we expect to later SPLICE_F_MOVE to the cache.
11230 #. type: Plain text
11231 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:113
11233 "The user pages are a gift to the kernel. The application may not modify "
11234 "this memory ever, or page cache and on-disk data may differ. Gifting pages "
11235 "to the kernel means that a subsequent B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> can "
11236 "successfully move the pages; if this flag is not specified, then a "
11237 "subsequent B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> must copy the pages. Data must "
11238 "also be properly page aligned, both in memory and length."
11240 "ユーザ・ページがカーネルへ渡すもの (gift) であることを示す。 アプリケーション"
11241 "はこのメモリを絶対に変更してはならない。 さもなければ、ページキャッシュとディ"
11242 "スク上のデータは 一致しなくなるだろう。 ページをカーネルに渡すと、この次の "
11243 "B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> でそのページの移動を行うことができる。 このフ"
11244 "ラグが指定されなかった場合、この次の B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> でその"
11245 "ページのコピーを行わなければならない。 データはメモリ上でページ境界にあってい"
11246 "なければならず、 長さもページ境界の倍数でなければならない。"
11248 #. type: Plain text
11249 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:122
11251 "Upon successful completion, B<vmsplice>() returns the number of bytes "
11252 "transferred to the pipe. On error, B<vmsplice>() returns -1 and I<errno> "
11253 "is set to indicate the error."
11255 "成功して完了すると、 B<vmsplice>() はパイプに転送したバイト数を返す。 エラー"
11256 "の場合、 B<vmplice>() は -1 を返し、 I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
11258 #. type: Plain text
11259 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:127
11260 msgid "I<fd> either not valid, or doesn't refer to a pipe."
11261 msgstr "I<fd> が有効でない、もしくはパイプを参照していない。"
11263 #. type: Plain text
11264 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:135
11266 "I<nr_segs> is 0 or greater than B<IOV_MAX>; or memory not aligned if "
11267 "B<SPLICE_F_GIFT> set."
11269 "I<nr_segs> が 0 もしくは B<IOV_MAX> よりも大きい。または B<SPLICE_F_GIFT> が"
11270 "設定されたがメモリがページ境界にあっていない。"
11272 #. type: Plain text
11273 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:143
11275 "The B<vmsplice>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17; library "
11276 "support was added to glibc in version 2.5."
11278 "B<vmsplice>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で初めて登場した。\n"
11279 "ライブラリによるサポートは glibc バージョン 2.5 で追加された。"
11281 #. type: Plain text
11282 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:154
11284 "B<vmsplice>() follows the other vectorized read/write type functions when "
11285 "it comes to limitations on number of segments being passed in. This limit "
11286 "is B<IOV_MAX> as defined in I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>>. At the time of this "
11287 "writing, that limit is 1024."
11289 "指定されたセグメント数が上限に達した場合、 B<vmsplice>() は他のベクトル形式"
11290 "の read/write を行う関数と同じ動作をする。 上限は B<IOV_MAX> であり、 "
11291 "I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>> で定義されている。 このドキュメントを書いた時点での値"
11294 #. type: Plain text
11295 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:157
11296 msgid "B<splice>(2), B<tee>(2)"
11297 msgstr "B<splice>(2), B<tee>(2)"
11299 #~ msgid "2010-08-29"
11300 #~ msgstr "2010-08-29"
11303 #~ "Depending on which operation was executed, the returned value for a "
11304 #~ "successful call can have differing meanings."
11305 #~ msgstr "どの操作が実行されたかによって、 成功時の返り値の意味が変わる。"
11308 #~ "Returns 0 if the process was woken by a B<FUTEX_WAKE> call. In case of "
11309 #~ "timeout, the operation fails with the error B<ETIMEDOUT>. If the futex "
11310 #~ "was not equal to the expected value, the operation fails with the error "
11311 #~ "B<EWOULDBLOCK>. Signals (see B<signal>(7)) or other spurious wakeups "
11312 #~ "cause B<FUTEX_WAIT> to fail with the error B<EINTR>."
11314 #~ "プロセスが B<FUTEX_WAKE> の呼び出しで wake すると 0 を返す。 タイムアウト"
11315 #~ "の場合、操作はエラー B<ETIMEOUT> で失敗する。 futex が指定された値と等しく"
11316 #~ "ない場合、 エラー B<EWOULDBLOCK> で失敗する。 シグナルを受信するか "
11317 #~ "(B<signal>(7) 参照) 他の偽の wake があった場合には、エラー B<EINTR> で失"
11320 #~ msgid "An operation was not defined or error in page alignment."
11322 #~ "操作が定義されていない。またはページ・アラインメントでエラーが発生した。"
11324 #~ msgid "2010-11-04"
11325 #~ msgstr "2010-11-04"
11327 #~ msgid "2007-06-01"
11328 #~ msgstr "2007-06-01"
11330 #~ msgid "1995-11-29"
11331 #~ msgstr "1995-11-29"
11333 #~ msgid "2012-04-26"
11334 #~ msgstr "2012-04-26"
11336 #~ msgid "2004-09-10"
11337 #~ msgstr "2004-09-10"
11339 #~ msgid "2009-09-15"
11340 #~ msgstr "2009-09-15"
11342 #~ msgid "The B<splice>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17."
11343 #~ msgstr "B<splice>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で初めて登場した。"
11345 #~ msgid "The B<tee>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17."
11346 #~ msgstr "B<tee>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で初めて登場した。"
11350 #~| "Indicates that this process is to be traced by its parent. Any signal "
11351 #~| "(except B<SIGKILL>) delivered to this process will cause it to stop and "
11352 #~| "its parent to be notified via B<wait>(2). Also, all subsequent calls to "
11353 #~| "B<execve>(2) by this process will cause a B<SIGTRAP> to be sent to it, "
11354 #~| "giving the parent a chance to gain control before the new program begins "
11355 #~| "execution. A process probably shouldn't make this request if its parent "
11356 #~| "isn't expecting to trace it. (I<pid>, I<addr>, and I<data> are ignored.)"
11358 #~ "Indicate that this process is to be traced by its parent. Any signal "
11359 #~ "(except B<SIGKILL>) delivered to this process will cause it to stop and "
11360 #~ "its parent to be notified via B<waitpid>(2). In addition, all subsequent "
11361 #~ "calls to B<execve>(2) by the traced process will cause a B<SIGTRAP> to "
11362 #~ "be sent to it, giving the parent a chance to gain control before the new "
11363 #~ "program begins execution. A process probably shouldn't make this request "
11364 #~ "if its parent isn't expecting to trace it. (I<pid>, I<addr>, and I<data> "
11367 #~ "このプロセスが親プロセスによってトレースされることを表す。 このプロセスに "
11368 #~ "(B<SIGKILL> 以外の) シグナルが配送されると、 プロセスは停止し、親プロセス"
11369 #~ "に B<wait>(2) を通じて通知される。 また、これ以降はこのプロセスが "
11370 #~ "B<execve>(2) を呼び出す度に B<SIGTRAP> が送信されるようになる。 これに"
11371 #~ "よって、親プロセスは 新しいプログラムが実行を開始する前に制御することがで"
11372 #~ "きる。 親プロセスが自プロセスをトレースするつもりがない場合には、 おそらく"
11373 #~ "このプロセスは本要求を行うべきではないだろう。 (I<pid>, I<addr>, I<data> "
11377 #~ "Stop the child at the next B<execve>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
11378 #~ "PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8>."
11380 #~ "次の B<execve>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC\\ E<lt>E<lt>"
11381 #~ "\\ 8> で子プロセスの動作を停止させる。"
11384 #~ "Stop the child at the completion of the next B<vfork>(2) call with "
11385 #~ "I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8>."
11387 #~ "次の B<vfork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE\\ "
11388 #~ "E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> で子プロセスの動作を停止させる。"
11391 #~ "Attaches to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a traced \"child\" "
11392 #~ "of the calling process; the behavior of the child is as if it had done a "
11393 #~ "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>. The calling process actually becomes the parent of "
11394 #~ "the child process for most purposes (e.g., it will receive notification "
11395 #~ "of child events and appears in B<ps>(1) output as the child's parent), "
11396 #~ "but a B<getppid>(2) by the child will still return the PID of the "
11397 #~ "original parent. The child is sent a B<SIGSTOP>, but will not "
11398 #~ "necessarily have stopped by the completion of this call; use B<wait>(2) "
11399 #~ "to wait for the child to stop. (I<addr> and I<data> are ignored.)"
11401 #~ "I<pid> で指定されたプロセスに接続 (attach) し、それを呼び出し元のプロセス"
11402 #~ "の 子プロセスとしてトレースできるようにする。子プロセスは "
11403 #~ "B<PTRACE_TRACEME> したかのように振舞う。呼び出し元のプロセスはそのほとんど"
11404 #~ "の目的において、 その子プロセスの実際の親になる (例えば、子プロセスのイベ"
11405 #~ "ントの 通知を受けとったり、 B<ps>(1) で親として表示されたりする)。しか"
11406 #~ "し、子プロセスで B<getppid>(2) を実行した場合には元の親プロセスの PID が"
11407 #~ "返される。 子プロセスには B<SIGSTOP> が送られるが、この呼び出しが完了する"
11408 #~ "までに 必ずしも停止するとは限らない。子プロセスの停止を待つには B<wait>"
11409 #~ "(2) を使用すること。(I<addr> と I<data> は無視される。)"
11412 #~ "Tracing causes a few subtle differences in the semantics of traced "
11413 #~ "processes. For example, if a process is attached to with "
11414 #~ "B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, its original parent can no longer receive notification "
11415 #~ "via B<wait>(2) when it stops, and there is no way for the new parent to "
11416 #~ "effectively simulate this notification."
11418 #~ "トレースすることによってトレースされるプロセスの動作に些細な違いが 起こる"
11419 #~ "ことがある。例えば、プロセスが B<PTRACE_ATTACH> によって接続された場合に"
11420 #~ "は、そのプロセスが停止した時でも本来の親は B<wait>(2) を使って通知を受け"
11421 #~ "ることができず、新しい親が効率よく この通知を真似る方法もない。"
11424 #~ "When the parent receives an event with B<PTRACE_EVENT_*> set, the child "
11425 #~ "is not in the normal signal delivery path. This means the parent cannot "
11426 #~ "do B<ptrace>(PTRACE_CONT) with a signal or B<ptrace>(PTRACE_KILL). "
11427 #~ "B<kill>(2) with a B<SIGKILL> signal can be used instead to kill the "
11428 #~ "child process after receiving one of these messages."
11430 #~ "親プロセスが B<PTRACE_EVENT_*> がセットされたイベントを受信した場合、 子プ"
11431 #~ "ロセスは通常通りのシグナル配送が行われる状態にない。 つまり、親プロセス"
11432 #~ "が、 シグナルにより B<ptrace>(PTRACE_CONT) を行ったり、 B<ptrace>"
11433 #~ "(PTRACE_KILL) を行ったりできないということである。 こららのメッセージの受"
11434 #~ "信後は、子プロセスを終了 (kill) するのに、 シグナル B<SIGKILL> を指定して "
11435 #~ "B<kill>(2) を行う方法を代わりに使用できる。"
11438 #~ "The SunOS man page describes B<ptrace>() as \"unique and arcane\", which "
11439 #~ "it is. The proc-based debugging interface present in Solaris 2 "
11440 #~ "implements a superset of B<ptrace>() functionality in a more powerful "
11441 #~ "and uniform way."
11443 #~ "SunOS のマニュアル・ページには B<ptrace>() は「独特で不可解」と記述されて"
11444 #~ "おり、まさしくそうである。 Solaris 2 では proc ベースの デバッグのインター"
11445 #~ "フェースとして B<ptrace>() の上位互換関数が実装され、より強力で一貫性のあ"
11448 #~ msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>\n"
11449 #~ msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>\n"
11452 #~ "The second argument I<special> is the block special device these quota "
11453 #~ "apply to. It must be mounted."
11455 #~ "二番目の引き数 I<special> は quota を適用するデバイスのブロック・スペシャ"
11456 #~ "ル・ファイルである。 そのデバイスはマウントされていなくてはならない。"
11459 #~ "The third argument I<id> is the user or group ID these quota apply to "
11460 #~ "(when relevant)."
11462 #~ "三番目の引き数 I<id> には、(必要な場合に) quota を適用するユーザーもしくは"
11463 #~ "グループの ID を指定する。"
11466 #~ "The fourth argument I<addr> is the address of a data structure, depending "
11467 #~ "on the command."
11469 #~ "四番目の引き数 I<addr> には、コマンドごとに異ったデータ構造体のアドレスを"
11473 #~ "Enable quota. The I<addr> argument is the pathname of the file "
11474 #~ "containing the quota for the file system."
11476 #~ "quota を有効にする。 I<addr> 引き数には、そのファイル・システムの quota が"
11477 #~ "記録されているファイルの パス名を指定する。"
11479 #~ msgid "Disable quota."
11480 #~ msgstr "quota を無効にする。"
11482 #~ msgid "Set limits and current usage; I<addr> is as before."
11483 #~ msgstr "制限値と現在の使用量を設定する: I<addr> は同上。"
11485 #~ msgid "Set limits; I<addr> is as before."
11486 #~ msgstr "制限値を設定する; I<addr> は同上。"
11488 #~ msgid "B<Q_SETUSE>"
11489 #~ msgstr "B<Q_SETUSE>"
11491 #~ msgid "Set usage."
11492 #~ msgstr "使用量を設定する。"
11494 #~ msgid "Sync disk copy of a file system's quota."
11495 #~ msgstr "ファイル・システムの quota ファイルをディスクと同期させる。"
11497 #~ msgid "Get collected stats."
11498 #~ msgstr "収集された統計を取得する。"
11501 #~ "On success, B<quotactl>() returns 0. On error, -1 is returned, and "
11502 #~ "I<errno> is set appropriately."
11504 #~ "B<quotactl>() は、成功時には 0 を返す。エラー時は、-1 を返すとともに、 "
11505 #~ "I<errno> が適切な値に設定される。"
11507 #~ msgid "B<Q_QUOTAON> was asked, but quotas were enabled already."
11508 #~ msgstr "B<Q_QUOTAON> の要求がなされたが、quota(s) は既に有効になっている。"
11510 #~ msgid "Bad I<addr> value."
11511 #~ msgstr "I<addr> の値に誤りがある。"
11514 #~ "I<type> is not a known quota type. Or, I<special> could not be found."
11516 #~ "I<type> が既知の quota の形式ではない。もしくは、 I<special> デバイスが見"
11519 #~ msgid "Cannot read or write the quota file."
11520 #~ msgstr "quota ファイルへの読み書きが出来ない。"
11522 #~ msgid "B<EMFILE>"
11523 #~ msgstr "B<EMFILE>"
11525 #~ msgid "Too many open files: cannot open quota file."
11526 #~ msgstr "ファイルをオープンしすぎている: quota ファイルをオープン出来ない。"
11528 #~ msgid "I<special> cannot be found in the mount table."
11529 #~ msgstr "I<special> がマウント・テーブル内に見当たらない。"
11531 #~ msgid "B<ENOPKG>"
11532 #~ msgstr "B<ENOPKG>"
11534 #~ msgid "The kernel was compiled without quota support."
11535 #~ msgstr "quota を使用可にしてカーネルをコンパイルしていない。"
11538 #~ "The process was not root (for the file system), and B<Q_GETQUOTA> was "
11539 #~ "asked for another I<id> than that of the process itself, or anything "
11540 #~ "other than B<Q_GETSTATS> or B<Q_SYNC> was asked."
11542 #~ "プロセスが (そのファイル・システムの) root のものではなく、 かつプロセス自"
11543 #~ "身のものとは異なる I<id> に対して B<Q_GETQUOTA> 要求を行なった。 もしく"
11544 #~ "は、 B<Q_GETSTATS>, B<Q_SYNC> 以外の要求がなされた。"
11547 #~ "B<Q_GETQUOTA> or B<Q_SETQUOTA> or B<Q_SETUSE> or B<Q_SETQLIM> was asked "
11548 #~ "for a file system that didn't have quota enabled."
11550 #~ "quota が有効になっていないファイル・システムに対して B<Q_GETQUOTA>, "
11551 #~ "B<Q_SETQUOTA>, B<Q_SETUSE>, B<Q_SETQLIM> のいずれかの要求がなされた。"