1 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
4 # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
8 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
9 "POT-Creation-Date: 2012-05-10 20:02+0900\n"
10 "PO-Revision-Date: 2012-05-07 23:05+0900\n"
11 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
12 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
15 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
16 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
19 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:24
25 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:24
31 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:24 build/C/man2/futex.2:17
32 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:25 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
33 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:25 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
34 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:28 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:5
35 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:30 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:7
36 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:27 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:49
37 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:25 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:15
38 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:23 build/C/man2/splice.2:26
39 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vm86.2:26 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
45 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:24 build/C/man2/futex.2:17
46 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:25 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
47 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:25 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
48 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:28 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:5
49 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:30 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:7
50 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:27 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:49
51 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:25 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:15
52 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:23 build/C/man2/splice.2:26
53 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vm86.2:26 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
55 msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual"
56 msgstr "Linux Programmer's Manual"
59 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25 build/C/man2/futex.2:18
60 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:28
61 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:26 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:9
62 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:29 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:6
63 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:31 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:8
64 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:28 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:50
65 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:26 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:16
66 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:24 build/C/man2/splice.2:27
67 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:27 build/C/man2/vm86.2:27 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:27
73 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:27
74 msgid "arch_prctl - set architecture-specific thread state"
75 msgstr "arch_prctl - アーキテクチャ固有のスレッド状態を設定する"
78 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:27 build/C/man2/futex.2:20
79 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:28 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:30
80 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:28 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:11
81 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8 build/C/man2/personality.2:33
82 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:30
83 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:52 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:28
84 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:18 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:26
85 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:29 build/C/man2/tee.2:29 build/C/man2/vm86.2:29
86 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:29
92 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:30
94 msgid "B<#include E<lt>asm/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
95 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>asm/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
98 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:32
100 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
101 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
104 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:35
107 "B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long >I<addr>B<);>\n"
108 "B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long *>I<addr>B<);>\n"
109 msgstr "B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long *>I<addr>B<);>\n"
111 #. Return type was long before glibc 2.7
113 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:36 build/C/man2/futex.2:32
114 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:35 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:32
115 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:34 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:18
116 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:33 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:19
117 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:37 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:12
118 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:48 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:59
119 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:36 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:43
120 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:32 build/C/man2/splice.2:39
121 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:38 build/C/man2/vm86.2:35 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:39
127 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:51
129 "The B<arch_prctl>() function sets architecture-specific process or thread "
130 "state. I<code> selects a subfunction and passes argument I<addr> to it; "
131 "I<addr> is interpreted as either an I<unsigned long> for the \"set\" "
132 "operations, or as an I<unsigned long *>, for the \"get\" operations."
134 "B<arch_prctl>() 関数はアーキテクチャ固有のプロセス状態またはスレッド状態を設"
135 "定する。 I<code> は副機能を選択し、引き数 I<addr> を副機能に渡す。 I<addr> "
136 "は、\"set\" 操作では I<unsigned long> として、\"get\" 操作では I<unsigned "
140 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:53
141 msgid "Sub functions for x86-64 are:"
142 msgstr "x86-64 の副機能は以下の通り:"
145 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:53
147 msgid "B<ARCH_SET_FS>"
148 msgstr "B<ARCH_SET_FS>"
151 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:59
152 msgid "Set the 64-bit base for the I<FS> register to I<addr>."
153 msgstr "I<FS> レジスタの 64 ビットベースを I<addr> に設定する。"
156 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:59
158 msgid "B<ARCH_GET_FS>"
159 msgstr "B<ARCH_GET_FS>"
162 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:67
164 "Return the 64-bit base value for the I<FS> register of the current thread in "
165 "the I<unsigned long> pointed to by I<addr>."
167 "現在のスレッドの I<FS> レジスタの 64 ビットベース値を、 I<addr> が指す "
168 "I<unsigned long> の領域に格納する。"
171 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:67
173 msgid "B<ARCH_SET_GS>"
174 msgstr "B<ARCH_SET_GS>"
177 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:73
178 msgid "Set the 64-bit base for the I<GS> register to I<addr>."
179 msgstr "I<GS> レジスタの 64 ビットベースを I<addr> に設定する。"
182 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:73
184 msgid "B<ARCH_GET_GS>"
185 msgstr "B<ARCH_GET_GS>"
188 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:81
190 "Return the 64-bit base value for the I<GS> register of the current thread in "
191 "the I<unsigned long> pointed to by I<addr>."
193 "現在のスレッドの I<GS> レジスタの 64 ビットベース値を、 I<addr> が指す "
194 "I<unsigned long> の領域に格納する。"
197 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:81 build/C/man2/futex.2:173
198 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:110 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:43
199 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:96 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:51
200 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:47 build/C/man2/personality.2:55
201 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:95 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:207
202 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1580 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:104
203 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:80 build/C/man2/splice.2:127
204 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:85 build/C/man2/vm86.2:52 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:113
210 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:87
212 "On success, B<arch_prctl>() returns 0; on error, -1 is returned, and "
213 "I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
215 "成功すると、 B<arch_prctl>() は 0 を返す。エラーの場合、-1 を返し、 "
216 "I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
219 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:87 build/C/man2/futex.2:210
220 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:117 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:50
221 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:106 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:74
222 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:62 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:99
223 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:227 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1594
224 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:425 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:111
225 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:83 build/C/man2/splice.2:142
226 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:100 build/C/man2/vm86.2:57 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:122
232 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:88 build/C/man2/futex.2:222
233 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:51 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:107
234 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:249 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:254
235 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1598 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:426
236 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:121 build/C/man2/vm86.2:58
242 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:92
244 "I<addr> points to an unmapped address or is outside the process address "
247 "I<addr> がアンマップされたアドレスを指しているか、プロセスのアドレス空間の外"
251 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:92 build/C/man2/futex.2:227
252 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:122 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:54
253 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:111 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:75
254 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:63 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:108
255 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:228 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:239
256 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:243 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1609
257 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:432 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:499
258 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:124 build/C/man2/splice.2:147
259 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:101 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:127
265 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:96
266 msgid "I<code> is not a valid subcommand."
267 msgstr "I<code> が有効なサブコマンドでない。"
270 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:96 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:129
271 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:65 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:102
272 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:114 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:265
273 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1619 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:454
274 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:66
280 #. Man page written by Andi Kleen.
282 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:102
283 msgid "I<addr> is outside the process address space."
284 msgstr "I<addr> がプロセスのアドレス空間の外にある。"
287 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:102 build/C/man2/futex.2:247
288 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:138 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:78
289 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:128 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:56
290 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:58 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:107
291 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:66 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:122
292 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:277 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1637
293 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:144 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:89
294 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:169 build/C/man2/tee.2:118 build/C/man2/vm86.2:71
295 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:142
297 msgid "CONFORMING TO"
301 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:106
303 "B<arch_prctl>() is a Linux/x86-64 extension and should not be used in "
304 "programs intended to be portable."
306 "B<arch_prctl>() は Linux/x86-64 拡張であり、移植性を意図したプログラムでは使"
310 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:106 build/C/man2/futex.2:249
311 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:140 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:81
312 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:131 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:125
313 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:279 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1639
314 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:151 build/C/man2/splice.2:171
315 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:120 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:144
321 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:109
323 "B<arch_prctl>() is only supported on Linux/x86-64 for 64-bit programs "
326 "B<arch_prctl>() は現在のところ Linux/x86-64 上の 64 ビットプログラムでのみサ"
330 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:111
331 msgid "The 64-bit base changes when a new 32-bit segment selector is loaded."
333 "新しい 32 ビットセグメントセレクタがロードされた場合、 64 ビットベースは変更"
337 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:114
338 msgid "B<ARCH_SET_GS> is disabled in some kernels."
339 msgstr "B<ARCH_SET_GS> が無効にされているカーネルもある。"
342 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:129
344 "Context switches for 64-bit segment bases are rather expensive. It may be a "
345 "faster alternative to set a 32-bit base using a segment selector by setting "
346 "up an LDT with B<modify_ldt>(2) or using the B<set_thread_area>(2) system "
347 "call in kernel 2.5 or later. B<arch_prctl>() is only needed when you want "
348 "to set bases that are larger than 4GB. Memory in the first 2GB of address "
349 "space can be allocated by using B<mmap>(2) with the B<MAP_32BIT> flag."
351 "64 ビットセグメントベースのコンテキストスイッチは、やや高価である。 LDT を "
352 "B<modify_ldt>(2) で設定してセグメントセレクタを使うか、 (カーネル 2.5 以降"
353 "の) B<set_thread_area>(2) システムコールを使うことにより、 32 ビットベース"
354 "を設定するという高速な代替手段もある。 4GB より大きなベースを設定したい場合に"
355 "のみ、 B<arch_prctl>() が必要である。 アドレス空間の最初の 2GB にあるメモリ"
356 "は、 B<mmap>(2) に B<MAP_32BIT> フラグを指定して割り当てることができる。"
359 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:134
361 "As of version 2.7, glibc provides no prototype for B<arch_prctl>(). You "
362 "have to declare it yourself for now. This may be fixed in future glibc "
365 "バージョン 2.7 時点では、glibc には B<arch_prctl>() のプロトタイプがない。 "
366 "今のところユーザは自分自身で宣言する必要がある。 これは将来の glibc のバー"
370 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:137
371 msgid "I<FS> may be already used by the threading library."
372 msgstr "I<FS> はスレッドライブラリで既に使われているかもしれない。"
375 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:137 build/C/man2/futex.2:263
376 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:155 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:134
377 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:67 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:109
378 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:137 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:329
379 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1746 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:505
380 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:193 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:91
381 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:225 build/C/man2/tee.2:196
382 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:153
388 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:142
389 msgid "B<mmap>(2), B<modify_ldt>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<set_thread_area>(2)"
390 msgstr "B<mmap>(2), B<modify_ldt>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<set_thread_area>(2)"
393 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:144
394 msgid "AMD X86-64 Programmer's manual"
395 msgstr "AMD X86-64 Programmer's manual"
398 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:144 build/C/man2/futex.2:274
399 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:158 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:88
400 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:136 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:58
401 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:70 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:111
402 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:70 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:143
403 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:332 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1760
404 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:510 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:199
405 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:94 build/C/man2/splice.2:229
406 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:199 build/C/man2/vm86.2:74 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:156
412 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:151 build/C/man2/futex.2:281
413 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:165 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:95
414 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:143 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:65
415 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:77 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:118
416 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:77 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:150
417 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:339 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1767
418 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:517 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:206
419 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:101 build/C/man2/splice.2:236
420 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:206 build/C/man2/vm86.2:81 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:163
422 "This page is part of release 3.40 of the Linux I<man-pages> project. A "
423 "description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be "
424 "found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/."
426 "この man ページは Linux I<man-pages> プロジェクトのリリース 3.40 の一部\n"
427 "である。プロジェクトの説明とバグ報告に関する情報は\n"
428 "http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/ に書かれている。"
431 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:17
437 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:17
443 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:20
444 msgid "futex - Fast Userspace Locking system call"
445 msgstr "futex - 高速ユーザ空間ロック機構のシステムコール"
448 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:25
451 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
452 "B<#include E<lt>sys/time.hE<gt>>\n"
454 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
455 "B<#include E<lt>sys/time.hE<gt>>\n"
458 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:28
460 msgid "B<int futex(int *>I<uaddr>B<, int >I<op>B<, int >I<val>B<, const struct timespec *>I<timeout>B<,>\n"
461 msgstr "B<int futex(int *>I<uaddr>B<, int >I<op>B<, int >I<val>B<, const struct timespec *>I<timeout>B<,>\n"
463 #. int *? void *? u32 *?
465 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:31
467 msgid "B< int *>I<uaddr2>B<, int >I<val3>B<);>\n"
468 msgstr "B< int *>I<uaddr2>B<, int >I<val3>B<);>\n"
471 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:48
473 "The B<futex>() system call provides a method for a program to wait for a "
474 "value at a given address to change, and a method to wake up anyone waiting "
475 "on a particular address (while the addresses for the same memory in separate "
476 "processes may not be equal, the kernel maps them internally so the same "
477 "memory mapped in different locations will correspond for B<futex>() "
478 "calls). This system call is typically used to implement the contended case "
479 "of a lock in shared memory, as described in B<futex>(7)."
481 "B<futex>() システムコールは、 指定したアドレスの値が変更されるのをプログラム"
482 "が待つ手段や 特定のアドレスに対して待機中のプロセスを wake (起床) させる手段"
483 "を提供する (プロセスが異なれば同じメモリに対するアドレスも同じではないかもし"
484 "れないが、 カーネルは異なる位置にマップされた同じメモリを B<futex>() で使え"
485 "るよう内部でマップする)。 通常は、このシステムコールは B<futex>(7) に書かれ"
486 "ているように、 共有メモリ中のロックが競合する場合の処理を実装するのに用いられ"
490 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:55
492 "When a B<futex>(7) operation did not finish uncontended in userspace, a "
493 "call needs to be made to the kernel to arbitrate. Arbitration can either "
494 "mean putting the calling process to sleep or, conversely, waking a waiting "
497 "B<futex>(7) の操作がユーザ空間で競合なく完了しなかった場合、 カーネルに仲裁"
498 "させるためにシステムコールを呼ぶ必要がある。 仲裁というのは、呼び出しプロセス"
499 "を sleep (起床待ち) させたり、反対に 待ちプロセスを wake させたりすることを意"
503 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:62
505 "Callers of this function are expected to adhere to the semantics as set out "
506 "in B<futex>(7). As these semantics involve writing nonportable assembly "
507 "instructions, this in turn probably means that most users will in fact be "
508 "library authors and not general application developers."
510 "この関数を呼び出すプロセスは B<futex>(7) に記述されているセマンティクスに忠"
511 "実であることが要求される。 このセマンティクスには移植不可能なアセンブリ命令を"
512 "書くことが含まれる。 このことは言い換えると futex のユーザのほとんどは実際は"
513 "ライブラリの作者であり、 一般アプリケーションの開発者ではないということであ"
517 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:70
519 "The I<uaddr> argument needs to point to an aligned integer which stores the "
520 "counter. The operation to execute is passed via the I<op> argument, along "
521 "with a value I<val>."
523 "I<uaddr> 引き数は、カウンタを格納する、 アラインメントの揃った int 型変数を指"
524 "している必要がある。 実行する操作は I<op> 引き数を介して、値 I<val> とともに"
528 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:72
529 msgid "Five operations are currently defined:"
530 msgstr "現在のところ 5 つの操作が定義されている:"
533 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:72 build/C/man2/futex.2:177
535 msgid "B<FUTEX_WAIT>"
536 msgstr "B<FUTEX_WAIT>"
539 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:90
541 "This operation atomically verifies that the futex address I<uaddr> still "
542 "contains the value I<val>, and sleeps awaiting B<FUTEX_WAKE> on this futex "
543 "address. If the I<timeout> argument is non-NULL, its contents describe the "
544 "maximum duration of the wait, which is infinite otherwise. The arguments "
545 "I<uaddr2> and I<val3> are ignored."
547 "この操作は futex アドレス I<uaddr> に指定された値 I<val> がまだ格納されている"
548 "かどうかを不可分操作で検証し、 sleep 状態で この futex アドレスに対して "
549 "B<FUTEX_WAKE> が実行されるのを待つ。 I<timeout> 引き数が NULL でない場合、そ"
550 "の内容は 待ち時間の最大値を表す。NULL の場合は無限大を表す。 引き数 "
551 "I<uaddr2> と I<val3> は無視される。"
554 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:98
556 "For B<futex>(7), this call is executed if decrementing the count gave a "
557 "negative value (indicating contention), and will sleep until another process "
558 "releases the futex and executes the B<FUTEX_WAKE> operation."
560 "B<futex>(7) に照らし合わせると、この呼び出しは カウントのデクリメントで負の"
561 "値 (競合を表す) になった場合に実行され、 別のプロセスがその futex を解放し "
562 "B<FUTEX_WAKE> の操作を実行するまで sleep する。"
565 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:98 build/C/man2/futex.2:194
567 msgid "B<FUTEX_WAKE>"
568 msgstr "B<FUTEX_WAKE>"
571 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:109
573 "This operation wakes at most I<val> processes waiting on this futex address "
574 "(i.e., inside B<FUTEX_WAIT>). The arguments I<timeout>, I<uaddr2> and "
575 "I<val3> are ignored."
577 "この操作では指定した futex アドレスに対して待ち状態の (すなわち "
578 "B<FUTEX_WAIT> 中の) 最大 I<val> 個のプロセスを wake させる。 引き数 "
579 "I<timeout>, I<uaddr2>, I<val3> は無視される。"
582 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:115
584 "For B<futex>(7), this is executed if incrementing the count showed that "
585 "there were waiters, once the futex value has been set to 1 (indicating that "
588 "B<futex>(4) に照らし合わせると、 この操作は カウントのインクリメントで待ちプ"
589 "ロセスがあると判明し、 futex 値が 1 に設定された (利用可能であることを表す) "
593 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:115
595 msgid "B<FUTEX_FD> (present up to and including Linux 2.6.25)"
596 msgstr "B<FUTEX_FD> (Linux 2.6.25 以前)"
598 #. , suitable for .BR poll (2).
600 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:131
602 "To support asynchronous wakeups, this operation associates a file descriptor "
603 "with a futex. If another process executes a B<FUTEX_WAKE>, the process will "
604 "receive the signal number that was passed in I<val>. The calling process "
605 "must close the returned file descriptor after use. The arguments "
606 "I<timeout>, I<uaddr2> and I<val3> are ignored."
608 "非同期の wake に対応するため、この操作はファイルディスクリプタを futex に 関"
609 "連づける。 別のプロセスが B<FUTEX_WAKE> を実行すると、プロセスは I<val> で渡"
610 "されたシグナル番号のシグナルを受信する。 呼び出しプロセスは使用後、返された"
611 "ファイルディスクリプタを クローズしなければならない。 引き数 I<timeout>, "
612 "I<uaddr2>, I<val3> は無視される。"
615 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:136
617 "To prevent race conditions, the caller should test if the futex has been "
618 "upped after B<FUTEX_FD> returns."
620 "競合状態を防止するため、呼び出しプロセスは B<FUTEX_FD> が返ったあと futex が "
621 "up されたかどうかを確認しなければならない。"
624 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:140
626 "Because it was inherently racy, B<FUTEX_FD> has been removed from Linux "
629 "B<FUTEX_FD> はもともと競合が起きやすかったため、 Linux 2.6.26 以降で削除され"
633 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:140
635 msgid "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> (since Linux 2.5.70)"
636 msgstr "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> (Linux 2.5.70 以降)"
639 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:155
641 "This operation was introduced in order to avoid a \"thundering herd\" effect "
642 "when B<FUTEX_WAKE> is used and all processes woken up need to acquire "
643 "another futex. This call wakes up I<val> processes, and requeues all other "
644 "waiters on the futex at address I<uaddr2>. The arguments I<timeout> and "
645 "I<val3> are ignored."
647 "この操作は、 B<FUTEX_WAKE> が使われていて、かつ wake されている全てのプロセス"
648 "が 他の futex を取得する必要がある場合に、 「獣の群れの暴走 (thundering "
649 "herd)」効果を避けるために導入された。 この呼び出しは I<val> 個のプロセスを "
650 "wake し、アドレス I<uaddr2> で futex を待っている他の全てのプロセスを再度"
651 "キューにいれる。 引き数 I<timeout> と I<val3> は無視される。"
654 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:155
656 msgid "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> (since Linux 2.6.7)"
657 msgstr "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> (Linux 2.6.7 以降)"
660 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:173
662 "There was a race in the intended use of B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>, so "
663 "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> was introduced. This is similar to B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>, "
664 "but first checks whether the location I<uaddr> still contains the value "
665 "I<val3>. If not, the operation fails with the error B<EAGAIN>. The "
666 "argument I<timeout> is ignored."
668 "故意に B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> を使う場合に競合が起こるため、 B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> "
669 "が導入された。これは B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> と似ているが、場所 I<uaddr> に値 "
670 "I<val3> がまだ保持されているかを最初にチェックする。 保持されていない場合、操"
671 "作はエラー B<EAGAIN> で失敗する。引き数 I<timeout> は無視される。"
674 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:177
676 "Depending on which operation was executed, the returned value for a "
677 "successful call can have differing meanings."
678 msgstr "どの操作が実行されたかによって、 成功時の返り値の意味が変わる。"
681 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:194
683 "Returns 0 if the process was woken by a B<FUTEX_WAKE> call. In case of "
684 "timeout, the operation fails with the error B<ETIMEDOUT>. If the futex was "
685 "not equal to the expected value, the operation fails with the error "
686 "B<EWOULDBLOCK>. Signals (see B<signal>(7)) or other spurious wakeups cause "
687 "B<FUTEX_WAIT> to fail with the error B<EINTR>."
689 "プロセスが B<FUTEX_WAKE> の呼び出しで wake すると 0 を返す。 タイムアウトの場"
690 "合、操作はエラー B<ETIMEOUT> で失敗する。 futex が指定された値と等しくない場"
691 "合、 エラー B<EWOULDBLOCK> で失敗する。 シグナルを受信するか (B<signal>(7) "
692 "参照) 他の偽の wake があった場合には、エラー B<EINTR> で失敗する。"
695 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:197 build/C/man2/futex.2:203 build/C/man2/futex.2:206
696 msgid "Returns the number of processes woken up."
697 msgstr "wake したプロセスの数を返す。"
700 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:197
706 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:200
707 msgid "Returns the new file descriptor associated with the futex."
708 msgstr "futex に関連づけられた新たなファイルディスクリプタを返す。"
711 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:200
713 msgid "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>"
714 msgstr "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>"
717 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:203
719 msgid "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE>"
720 msgstr "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE>"
723 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:210
725 "In the event of an error, all operations return -1, and set I<errno> to "
726 "indicate the error."
728 "エラーの場合、全ての操作で -1 が返り、 I<errno> がエラーの内容を示す値に設定"
732 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:211 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:484
738 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:214
739 msgid "No read access to futex memory."
740 msgstr "futex メモリに読み込みアクセス権がなかった。"
743 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:214 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:112
749 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:222
751 "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> found an unexpected futex value. (This probably "
752 "indicates a race; use the safe B<FUTEX_WAKE> now.)"
754 "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> で予期しない futex 値が見つかった (これは競合を示してい"
755 "るかもしれない。 この場合は安全な B<FUTEX_WAKE> を使うこと)。"
758 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:227
759 msgid "Error in getting I<timeout> information from userspace."
760 msgstr "ユーザ空間から I<timeout> の情報を取得する際にエラーが発生した。"
763 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:230
764 msgid "An operation was not defined or error in page alignment."
766 "操作が定義されていない。またはページ・アラインメントでエラーが発生した。"
769 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:230
775 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:233
776 msgid "The system limit on the total number of open files has been reached."
777 msgstr "オープンされているファイルの総数がシステムの制限に達した。"
780 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:233 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:124
781 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:90 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:445
782 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:62
788 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:237
789 msgid "Invalid operation specified in I<op>."
790 msgstr "I<op> に無効な操作が指定された。"
793 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:237 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:134
794 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:73 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:119
795 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:274 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:138
796 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:86 build/C/man2/splice.2:165
797 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:114 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:138
803 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:247
805 "Initial futex support was merged in Linux 2.5.7 but with different semantics "
806 "from what was described above. A 4-argument system call with the semantics "
807 "described in this page was introduced in Linux 2.5.40. In Linux 2.5.70 one "
808 "argument was added. In Linux 2.6.7 a sixth argument was added\\(emmessy, "
809 "especially on the s390 architecture."
811 "最初の futex 対応は Linux 2.5.7 で組み込まれたが、 上記のセマンティクスとは異"
812 "なる。 4 つの引き数のここに書かれているセマンティクスを持つ システムコール"
813 "は、Linux 2.5.40 で導入された。 Linux 2.5.70 では 1 つの引き数が追加された。 "
814 "Linux 2.6.7 では 6 番目の引き数が追加された。 これは汚く、s390 アーキテクチャ"
818 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:249 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:140
819 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:91 build/C/man2/splice.2:171
820 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:120 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:144
821 msgid "This system call is Linux-specific."
822 msgstr "このシステムコールは Linux 固有である。"
826 #. Futexes were designed and worked on by
827 #. Hubertus Franke (IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center),
828 #. Matthew Kirkwood, Ingo Molnar (Red Hat)
829 #. and Rusty Russell (IBM Linux Technology Center).
830 #. This page written by bert hubert.
832 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:263
834 "To reiterate, bare futexes are not intended as an easy-to-use abstraction "
835 "for end-users. (There is no wrapper function for this system call in "
836 "glibc.) Implementors are expected to be assembly literate and to have read "
837 "the sources of the futex userspace library referenced below."
839 "繰り返すが、裸の futex はエンドユーザが容易に使うことのできる概念として 意図"
840 "されたものではない (glibc にはこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数はな"
841 "い)。 実装者は、アセンブリ言語に慣れており、以下に挙げる futex ユーザ空間ライ"
842 "ブラリの ソースを読み終えていることが要求される。"
845 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:265
850 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:268
852 "I<Fuss, Futexes and Furwocks: Fast Userlevel Locking in Linux> (proceedings "
853 "of the Ottawa Linux Symposium 2002), online at"
855 "I<Fuss, Futexes and Furwocks: Fast Userlevel Locking in Linux> (proceedings "
856 "of the Ottawa Linux Symposium 2002), online at"
859 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:270
860 msgid "http://kernel.org/doc/ols/2002/ols2002-pages-479-495.pdf"
861 msgstr "http://kernel.org/doc/ols/2002/ols2002-pages-479-495.pdf"
864 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:272
865 msgid "Futex example library, futex-*.tar.bz2 at"
866 msgstr "futex の使用例ライブラリ, futex-*.tar.bz2"
869 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:274
870 msgid "ftp://ftp.nl.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/."
871 msgstr "ftp://ftp.nl.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/."
874 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:25
880 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:25
886 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:28
887 msgid "kexec_load - load a new kernel for later execution"
888 msgstr "kexec_load - 新しいカーネルを後で実行するためにロードする"
891 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:30
892 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/kexec.hE<gt>>"
893 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>linux/kexec.hE<gt>>"
896 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:32
898 "B<long kexec_load(unsigned long >I<entry>B<, unsigned long >I<nr_segments>B<,"
901 "B<long kexec_load(unsigned long >I<entry>B<, unsigned long >I<nr_segments>B<,"
905 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:35
906 msgid "B< struct kexec_segment *>I<segments>B<, unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>"
907 msgstr "B< struct kexec_segment *>I<segments>B<, unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>"
910 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:40
912 "The B<kexec_load>() system call loads a new kernel that can be executed "
913 "later by B<reboot>(2)."
915 "B<kexec_load>() システムコールは、新しいカーネルをロードし、\n"
916 "その後の B<reboot>(2) で実行できるようにする。"
919 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:46
921 "The I<flags> argument is a mask whose high-order bits control the operation "
922 "of the call. The following values can be specified in I<flags>:"
924 "I<flags> 引き数はマスクビットで、\n"
925 "その上位ビットでシステムコールの呼び出しの動作を制御する。\n"
926 "I<flags> には以下の値を指定できる。"
929 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:46
931 msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
932 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
934 #. FIXME figure out how this is really used
936 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:50
937 msgid "Execute the new kernel automatically on a system crash."
938 msgstr "システムのクラッシュ時に、新しいカーネルを自動的に実行する。"
941 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:50
943 msgid "B<KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT> (since Linux 2.7.27)"
944 msgstr "B<KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT> (Linux 2.7.27 以降)"
947 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:60
949 "Preserve the system hardware and software states before executing the new "
950 "kernel. This could be used for system suspend. This flag is only available "
951 "if the kernel was configured with B<CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP>, and is only "
952 "effective if I<nr_segments> is greater than 0."
955 "システムのハードウェアとソフトウェアの状態を保存する。\n"
956 "システムの中断時 (suspend) などで使用できる。\n"
957 "このフラグは、カーネルの設定で B<CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP> が有効の場合のみ\n"
958 "利用可能であり、 I<nr_segments> が 0 より大きい場合のみ効果がある。"
961 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:80
963 "The low-order bits of I<flags> contain the architecture of the to-be-"
964 "executed kernel. Specify (OR) the constant B<KEXEC_ARCH_DEFAULT> to use the "
965 "current architecture, or one of the following architecture constants "
966 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_386>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_X86_64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC>, "
967 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_IA_64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_ARM>, "
968 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_S390>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_SH>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS>, and "
969 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS_LE>. The architecture must be executable on the CPU of "
972 "I<flags> の下位ビットには、実行されるカーネルのアーキテクチャが入る。\n"
973 "現在のアーキテクチャを使うことを意味する定数 B<KEXEC_ARCH_DEFAULT> か、\n"
974 "アーキテクチャ定数 B<KEXEC_ARCH_386>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_X86_64>,\n"
975 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_IA_64>,\n"
976 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_ARM>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_S390>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_SH>,\n"
977 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS_LE> の\n"
978 "いずれか一つを (OR で) 指定する。指定するアーキテクチャは、\n"
979 "システムの CPU で実行可能なものでなければならない。"
982 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:94
984 "The I<entry> argument is the physical entry address in the kernel image. "
985 "The I<nr_segments> argument is the number of segments pointed to by the "
986 "I<segments> pointer. The I<segments> argument is an array of "
987 "I<kexec_segment> structures which define the kernel layout:"
989 "I<entry> 引き数は、カーネルイメージの物理エントリーアドレスである。\n"
990 "I<nr_segments> 引き数は、 I<segments> ポインタが指すセグメントの\n"
991 "数である。 I<segments> 引き数は I<kexec_segment> 構造体の配列で、\n"
992 "この構造体によりカーネルの配置が定義される。"
995 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:103
998 "struct kexec_segment {\n"
999 " void *buf; /* Buffer in user space */\n"
1000 " size_t bufsz; /* Buffer length in user space */\n"
1001 " void *mem; /* Physical address of kernel */\n"
1002 " size_t memsz; /* Physical address length */\n"
1005 "struct kexec_segment {\n"
1006 " void *buf; /* Buffer in user space */\n"
1007 " size_t bufsz; /* Buffer length in user space */\n"
1008 " void *mem; /* Physical address of kernel */\n"
1009 " size_t memsz; /* Physical address length */\n"
1012 #. FIXME elaborate on the following:
1014 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:110
1016 "The kernel image defined by I<segments> is copied from the calling process "
1017 "into previously reserved memory."
1019 "I<segments> で定義されたカーネルイメージは、\n"
1020 "呼び出したプロセスから予約済みメモリにコピーされる。"
1023 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:117
1025 "On success, B<kexec_load>() returns 0. On error, -1 is returned and "
1026 "I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
1028 "成功すると、 B<kexec_load> は 0 を返す。\n"
1029 "エラーの場合、 -1 が返り、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値が設定される。"
1032 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:118 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:104
1033 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1595 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:493
1039 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:122
1041 "Another crash kernel is already being loaded or a crash kernel is already in "
1044 "別のクラッシュカーネルがすでにロードされているか、\n"
1045 "クラッシュカーネルがすでに使用されている。"
1047 #. KEXEC_SEGMENT_MAX == 16
1049 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:129
1050 msgid "I<flags> is invalid; or I<nr_segments> is too large"
1051 msgstr "I<flags> が無効である。 I<nr_segments> が大きすぎる。"
1054 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:134
1055 msgid "The caller does not have the B<CAP_SYS_BOOT> capability."
1056 msgstr "呼び出し側が B<CAP_SYS_BOOT> ケーパビリティを持っていない。"
1059 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:138
1060 msgid "The B<kexec_load>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.13."
1061 msgstr "B<kexec_load>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.13 で初めて登場した。"
1064 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:145
1066 "Currently, there is no glibc support for B<kexec_load>(). Call it using "
1069 "現在のところ、 B<kexec_load>() は glibc ではサポートされていない。\n"
1070 "B<syscall>(2) を使って呼び出すこと。"
1072 #. FIXME Andi submitted a patch for this.
1073 #. Check if it got accepted later.
1075 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:152
1077 "The required constants are in the kernel source file I<linux/kexec.h>, which "
1078 "is not currently exported to glibc. Therefore, these constants must be "
1081 "必要な定数はカーネルのソースファイル I<linux/kexec.h> で定義されている\n"
1082 "が、現在のところ glibc には公開されていない。\n"
1083 "そのため、これらの定数は手動で定義しなければならない。"
1086 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:155
1088 "This system call is only available if the kernel was configured with "
1091 "このシステムコールは、カーネルの設定で B<CONFIG_KEXEC> が有効になって\n"
1095 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:158
1096 msgid "B<reboot>(2), B<syscall>(2)"
1097 msgstr "B<reboot>(2), B<syscall>(2)"
1100 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
1102 msgid "LOOKUP_DCOOKIE"
1103 msgstr "LOOKUP_DCOOKIE"
1106 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
1112 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:30
1113 msgid "lookup_dcookie - return a directory entry's path"
1114 msgstr "lookup_dcookie - ディレクトリ・エントリのパス名を返す"
1117 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:32
1119 "B<int lookup_dcookie(u64 >I<cookie>B<, char *>I<buffer>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);"
1122 "B<int lookup_dcookie(u64 >I<cookie>B<, char *>I<buffer>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);"
1126 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:38
1128 "Look up the full path of the directory entry specified by the value "
1129 "I<cookie>. The cookie is an opaque identifier uniquely identifying a "
1130 "particular directory entry. The buffer given is filled in with the full "
1131 "path of the directory entry."
1133 "I<cookie> 値で指定されたディレクトリ・エントリのフルパス名を検索する。 "
1134 "cookie は、個々のディレクトリ・エントリを区別する内部識別子 (opaque "
1135 "identifier) である。引き数で指定されたバッファに、ディレクトリ・エントリの フ"
1139 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:43
1141 "For B<lookup_dcookie>() to return successfully, the kernel must still hold "
1142 "a cookie reference to the directory entry."
1144 "B<lookup_dcookie>() が正常に値を返すためには、カーネルがディレクトリ・エント"
1145 "リへの cookie 参照を 保持していなければならない。"
1148 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:50
1150 "On success, B<lookup_dcookie>() returns the length of the path string "
1151 "copied into the buffer. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set "
1154 "成功した場合、 B<lookup_dcookie>() はバッファにコピーしたパス文字列の長さを"
1155 "返す。 エラーの場合は -1 を返し、 I<errno> に適切な値を設定する。"
1158 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:54
1159 msgid "The buffer was not valid."
1160 msgstr "バッファが有効でなかった。"
1163 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:58
1165 "The kernel has no registered cookie/directory entry mappings at the time of "
1166 "lookup, or the cookie does not refer to a valid directory entry."
1168 "検索が行われた時、cookie とディレクトリ・エントリのマッピングがカーネルに 登"
1169 "録されていなかったか、または cookie が有効なディレクトリ・エントリを 参照して"
1173 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:58
1175 msgid "B<ENAMETOOLONG>"
1176 msgstr "B<ENAMETOOLONG>"
1179 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:61
1180 msgid "The name could not fit in the buffer."
1181 msgstr "名前がバッファに入り切らなかった。"
1184 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:61 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:260
1185 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:134 build/C/man2/splice.2:155
1186 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:111 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:135
1192 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:65
1194 "The kernel could not allocate memory for the temporary buffer holding the "
1197 "カーネルが、パス名を保持する一時バッファ用のメモリを割り当てることが できな"
1201 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:70
1203 "The process does not have the capability B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> required to look "
1206 "プロセスが cookie 値を検索するのに必要なケーパビリティ B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> を"
1210 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:70 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:472
1216 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:73
1218 "The buffer was not large enough to hold the path of the directory entry."
1220 "バッファが、ディレクトリ・エントリのパス名を収容するのに 十分な大きさではな"
1224 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:78
1226 "Available since Linux 2.5.43. The B<ENAMETOOLONG> error return was added in "
1229 "Linux 2.5.43 以降で利用できる。 エラー B<ENAMETOOLONG> を返す仕様は 2.5.70 で"
1233 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:81
1234 msgid "B<lookup_dcookie>() is Linux-specific."
1235 msgstr "B<lookup_dcookie>() は Linux 独自の関数である。"
1238 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:85
1240 "B<lookup_dcookie>() is a special-purpose system call, currently used only "
1241 "by the oprofile profiler. It relies on a kernel driver to register cookies "
1242 "for directory entries."
1244 "B<lookup_dcookie>() は特殊な用途に使われるシステムコールで、現在のところ "
1245 "oprofile profiler で 使われているだけである。"
1248 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:88
1250 "The path returned may be suffixed by the string \" (deleted)\" if the "
1251 "directory entry has been removed."
1253 "指定されたディレクトリ・エントリが削除されていた場合、返されるパス名の最後に "
1254 "\" (deleted)\" という文字列が付加されることがある。"
1257 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:25
1263 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:25 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:7
1269 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:28
1270 msgid "modify_ldt - get or set ldt"
1271 msgstr "modify_ldt - ldt を設定または取得する"
1274 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:31
1276 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
1277 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
1280 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:33
1282 msgid "B<int modify_ldt(int >I<func>B<, void *>I<ptr>B<, unsigned long >I<bytecount>B<);>\n"
1283 msgstr "B<int modify_ldt(int >I<func>B<, void *>I<ptr>B<, unsigned long >I<bytecount>B<);>\n"
1286 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:39
1288 "B<modify_ldt>() reads or writes the local descriptor table (ldt) for a "
1289 "process. The ldt is a per-process memory management table used by the i386 "
1290 "processor. For more information on this table, see an Intel 386 processor "
1293 "B<modify_ldt>() はプロセスのローカル・ディスクリプタ・テーブル (local "
1294 "descriptor table; ldt) を読み書きする。 ldt は i386 プロセッサで使用されるプ"
1295 "ロセスごとのメモリ管理テーブルである。 このテーブルに関してのより詳しい情報"
1296 "は Intel 386 processor handbook を 参照すること。"
1299 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:49
1301 "When I<func> is 0, B<modify_ldt>() reads the ldt into the memory pointed to "
1302 "by I<ptr>. The number of bytes read is the smaller of I<bytecount> and the "
1303 "actual size of the ldt."
1305 "I<func> が 0 ならば、 B<modify_ldt>() は ldt を I<ptr> が指しているメモリに"
1306 "読み込む。 読み込むバイト数は実際の ldt のサイズか I<bytecount> より小さい方"
1309 #. FIXME ? say something about func == 2 and func == 0x11?
1310 #. In Linux 2.4, func == 2 returned "the default ldt"
1311 #. In Linux 2.6, func == 2 is a nop, returning a zeroed out structure.
1312 #. Linux 2.4 and 2.6 implement an operation for func == 0x11
1314 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:67
1316 "When I<func> is 1, B<modify_ldt>() modifies one ldt entry. I<ptr> points "
1317 "to a I<user_desc> structure and I<bytecount> must equal the size of this "
1320 "I<func> が 1 ならば、 B<modify_ldt>() は ldt エントリの一つを変更する。 "
1321 "I<ptr> は I<user_desc> 構造体を指し、 I<bytecount> はこの構造体の大きさに等し"
1325 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:71
1326 msgid "The I<user_desc> structure is defined in I<E<lt>asm/ldt.hE<gt>> as:"
1328 "I<user_desc> 構造体は I<E<lt>asm/ldt.hE<gt>> で以下のように定義されている:"
1331 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:85
1334 "struct user_desc {\n"
1335 " unsigned int entry_number;\n"
1336 " unsigned long base_addr;\n"
1337 " unsigned int limit;\n"
1338 " unsigned int seg_32bit:1;\n"
1339 " unsigned int contents:2;\n"
1340 " unsigned int read_exec_only:1;\n"
1341 " unsigned int limit_in_pages:1;\n"
1342 " unsigned int seg_not_present:1;\n"
1343 " unsigned int useable:1;\n"
1346 "struct user_desc {\n"
1347 " unsigned int entry_number;\n"
1348 " unsigned long base_addr;\n"
1349 " unsigned int limit;\n"
1350 " unsigned int seg_32bit:1;\n"
1351 " unsigned int contents:2;\n"
1352 " unsigned int read_exec_only:1;\n"
1353 " unsigned int limit_in_pages:1;\n"
1354 " unsigned int seg_not_present:1;\n"
1355 " unsigned int useable:1;\n"
1359 #. The ldt is specific for the calling process. Any attempts to change
1360 #. the ldt to include the address space of another process or the kernel
1361 #. will result in a segmentation violation when trying to access the memory
1362 #. outside of the process address space. The memory protection is enforced
1363 #. at the paging layer.
1365 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:96
1366 msgid "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, this structure was named I<modify_ldt_ldt_s>."
1368 "Linux 2.4 以前では、この構造体は I<modify_ldt_ldt_s> という名前であった。"
1371 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:106
1373 "On success, B<modify_ldt>() returns either the actual number of bytes read "
1374 "(for reading) or 0 (for writing). On failure, B<modify_ldt>() returns -1 "
1375 "and sets I<errno> to indicate the error."
1377 "成功した場合は、 B<modify_ldt>() は (読み込みの場合は) 実際に読み込んだバイ"
1378 "ト数、 または (書き込みの場合は) 0 を返す。 失敗した場合は B<modify_ldt>() "
1379 "は -1 を返し、 I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
1382 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:111
1383 msgid "I<ptr> points outside the address space."
1384 msgstr "I<ptr> がアドレス空間の外を指している。"
1387 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:124
1389 "I<ptr> is 0, or I<func> is 1 and I<bytecount> is not equal to the size of "
1390 "the structure I<modify_ldt_ldt_s>, or I<func> is 1 and the new ldt entry has "
1393 "I<ptr> が 0 である、 または I<func> が 1 で I<bytecount> が "
1394 "I<modify_ldt_ldt_s> 構造体のサイズと等しくないか、 I<func> が 1 で新しい ldt "
1398 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:128
1399 msgid "I<func> is neither 0 nor 1."
1400 msgstr "I<func> が 0 でも 1 でもない。"
1403 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:131
1405 "This call is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs intended to "
1408 "このコールは Linux 特有であり、移植を意図したプログラムでは 使用してはいけな"
1412 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:134 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:128
1414 "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using "
1417 "glibc はこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数を提供していない。 B<syscall>"
1421 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:136
1426 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
1432 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
1438 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:11
1439 msgid "nfsservctl - syscall interface to kernel nfs daemon"
1440 msgstr "nfsservctl - カーネル nfs デーモンのためのインターフェース"
1443 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:14
1445 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/nfsd/syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1446 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>linux/nfsd/syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1449 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:17
1452 "B<long nfsservctl(int >I<cmd>B<, struct nfsctl_arg *>I<argp>B<,>\n"
1453 "B< union nfsctl_res *>I<resp>B<);>\n"
1455 "B<long nfsservctl(int >I<cmd>B<, struct nfsctl_arg *>I<argp>B<,>\n"
1456 "B< union nfsctl_res *>I<resp>B<);>\n"
1459 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:21
1460 msgid "I<Note>: Since Linux 3.1, this system call no longer exists."
1461 msgstr "I<注意>: Linux 3.1 以降では、このシステムコールはもはや存在しない。"
1464 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:33
1468 " * These are the commands understood by nfsctl().\n"
1470 "#define NFSCTL_SVC 0 /* This is a server process. */\n"
1471 "#define NFSCTL_ADDCLIENT 1 /* Add an NFS client. */\n"
1472 "#define NFSCTL_DELCLIENT 2 /* Remove an NFS client. */\n"
1473 "#define NFSCTL_EXPORT 3 /* export a file system. */\n"
1474 "#define NFSCTL_UNEXPORT 4 /* unexport a file system. */\n"
1475 "#define NFSCTL_UGIDUPDATE 5 /* update a client's UID/GID map. */\n"
1476 "#define NFSCTL_GETFH 6 /* get an fh (used by mountd) */\n"
1479 " * nfsctl() によって理解されるコマンド\n"
1481 "#define NFSCTL_SVC 0 /* サーバープロセス */\n"
1482 "#define NFSCTL_ADDCLIENT 1 /* NFS クライアントを追加 */\n"
1483 "#define NFSCTL_DELCLIENT 2 /* NFS クライアンドを削除 */\n"
1484 "#define NFSCTL_EXPORT 3 /* ファイルシステムのエクスポート */\n"
1485 "#define NFSCTL_UNEXPORT 4 /* ファイルシステムのアンエクスポート */\n"
1486 "#define NFSCTL_UGIDUPDATE 5 /* UID/GID マップの更新 */\n"
1487 "#define NFSCTL_GETFH 6 /* (mountd で使用される) fh の取得 */\n"
1490 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:45
1493 "struct nfsctl_arg {\n"
1494 " int ca_version; /* safeguard */\n"
1496 " struct nfsctl_svc u_svc;\n"
1497 " struct nfsctl_client u_client;\n"
1498 " struct nfsctl_export u_export;\n"
1499 " struct nfsctl_uidmap u_umap;\n"
1500 " struct nfsctl_fhparm u_getfh;\n"
1501 " unsigned int u_debug;\n"
1505 "struct nfsctl_arg {\n"
1506 " int ca_version; /* safeguard */\n"
1508 " struct nfsctl_svc u_svc;\n"
1509 " struct nfsctl_client u_client;\n"
1510 " struct nfsctl_export u_export;\n"
1511 " struct nfsctl_uidmap u_umap;\n"
1512 " struct nfsctl_fhparm u_getfh;\n"
1513 " unsigned int u_debug;\n"
1518 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:50
1521 "union nfsctl_res {\n"
1522 " struct knfs_fh cr_getfh;\n"
1523 " unsigned int cr_debug;\n"
1526 "union nfsctl_res {\n"
1527 " struct knfs_fh cr_getfh;\n"
1528 " unsigned int cr_debug;\n"
1532 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:56 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:99
1533 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:57
1535 "On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set "
1538 "成功した場合は 0 が返される。エラーの場合は -1 が返され、 I<errno> が適切に設"
1542 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:58
1543 msgid "This call is Linux-specific."
1544 msgstr "このコールは Linux 特有である。"
1547 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:28
1553 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:28
1559 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:33
1561 "outb, outw, outl, outsb, outsw, outsl, inb, inw, inl, insb, insw, insl, "
1562 "outb_p, outw_p, outl_p, inb_p, inw_p, inl_p - port I/O"
1564 "outb, outw, outl, outsb, outsw, outsl, inb, inw, inl, insb, insw, insl, "
1565 "outb_p, outw_p, outl_p, inb_p, inw_p, inl_p - ポート入出力"
1568 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:38
1570 "This family of functions is used to do low-level port input and output. The "
1571 "out* functions do port output, the in* functions do port input; the b-suffix "
1572 "functions are byte-width and the w-suffix functions word-width; the _p-"
1573 "suffix functions pause until the I/O completes."
1575 "この一連の関数はポートに対する低レベルの入出力に使用する。 out* 関数はポート"
1576 "出力、in* 関数はポート入力を行う。 語尾に b がついている関数はバイト単位、w "
1577 "がついている関数はワード単位である。 _p がついている関数は I/O が終了するまで"
1580 #. , given the following information
1581 #. in addition to that given in
1584 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:44
1586 "They are primarily designed for internal kernel use, but can be used from "
1589 "これらの関数はもともとカーネル内部での使用を想定して設計されているが、 ユー"
1593 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:49
1595 "You compile with B<-O> or B<-O2> or similar. The functions are defined as "
1596 "inline macros, and will not be substituted in without optimization enabled, "
1597 "causing unresolved references at link time."
1599 "B<-O> や B<-O2> などを指定してコンパイルすること。 これらの関数はインライン・"
1600 "マクロとして定義されており、 最適化を行わないと関数の展開が行われず、 リンク"
1601 "の時に「解決できない参照(unresolved reference)」が発生する。"
1604 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:58
1606 "You use B<ioperm>(2) or alternatively B<iopl>(2) to tell the kernel to "
1607 "allow the user space application to access the I/O ports in question. "
1608 "Failure to do this will cause the application to receive a segmentation "
1611 "ユーザー空間のアプリケーションが I/O ポートにアクセスすることを カーネルに教"
1612 "えるために B<ioperm>(2) もしくは B<iopl>(2) を使用すること。これを忘れると"
1613 "アプリケーションはセグメンテーション違反 (segmentation fault) を受けとること"
1617 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:67
1619 "B<outb>() and friends are hardware-specific. The I<value> argument is "
1620 "passed first and the I<port> argument is passed second, which is the "
1621 "opposite order from most DOS implementations."
1623 "B<outb>() とその仲間はハードウェア特有である。 I<value> 引数が最初に渡さ"
1624 "れ、 I<port> 引数が二番目に渡される。 この順序はほとんどの DOS での実装とは逆"
1628 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:70
1629 msgid "B<ioperm>(2), B<iopl>(2)"
1630 msgstr "B<ioperm>(2), B<iopl>(2)"
1633 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:5
1635 msgid "PCICONFIG_READ"
1636 msgstr "PCICONFIG_READ"
1639 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:5
1645 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
1647 "pciconfig_read, pciconfig_write, pciconfig_iobase - pci device information "
1650 "pciconfig_read, pciconfig_write, pciconfig_iobase - pci デバイス情報を扱う"
1653 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:11
1655 msgid "B<#include E<lt>pci.hE<gt>>\n"
1656 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>pci.hE<gt>>\n"
1659 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:18
1662 "B<int pciconfig_read(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
1663 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
1664 "B<int pciconfig_write(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
1665 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
1666 "B<int pciconfig_iobase(long >I<which>B<, unsigned long >I<bus>B<,>\n"
1667 "B< unsigned long >I<devfn>B<);>\n"
1669 "B<int pciconfig_read(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
1670 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
1671 "B<int pciconfig_write(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
1672 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
1673 "B<int pciconfig_iobase(long >I<which>B<, unsigned long >I<bus>B<,>\n"
1674 "B< unsigned long >I<devfn>B<);>\n"
1677 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:24
1679 "Most of the interaction with PCI devices is already handled by the kernel "
1680 "PCI layer, and thus these calls should not normally need to be accessed from "
1683 "PCI デバイスとのやり取り (interaction) は カーネル PCI レイヤですでに処理され"
1684 "ているので、 通常はこららの関数をユーザ空間からアクセスする必要はない。"
1687 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:24 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:48
1689 msgid "B<pciconfig_read>()"
1690 msgstr "B<pciconfig_read>()"
1693 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:33
1694 msgid "Reads to I<buf> from device I<dev> at offset I<off> value."
1695 msgstr "デバイス I<dev> のオフセット I<off> の値を I<buf> に読み込む。"
1698 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:33 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:54
1700 msgid "B<pciconfig_write>()"
1701 msgstr "B<pciconfig_write>()"
1704 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:42
1705 msgid "Writes from I<buf> to device I<dev> at offset I<off> value."
1706 msgstr "デバイス I<dev> のオフセット I<off> に I<buf> の値を書き込む。"
1709 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:42 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:60
1711 msgid "B<pciconfig_iobase>()"
1712 msgstr "B<pciconfig_iobase>()"
1715 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:47
1717 "You pass it a bus/devfn pair and get a physical address for either the "
1718 "memory offset (for things like prep, this is 0xc0000000), the IO base for "
1719 "PIO cycles, or the ISA holes if any."
1721 "bus/devfn ペアをこの関数に渡し、 メモリオフセット (prep のようなものでは、こ"
1722 "の値は 0xc0000000 である) と PIO サイクルの IO ベースの物理アドレスを取得す"
1723 "る。 また、もしあるならば ISA hole の物理アドレスを取得する。"
1726 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:54 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:60
1728 "On success zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned and I<errno> is set "
1731 "成功した場合、0 が返される。 エラーの場合、-1 が返され、 I<errno> が適切に設"
1735 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:74
1737 "Returns information on locations of various I/O regions in physical memory "
1738 "according to the I<which> value. Values for I<which> are: "
1739 "B<IOBASE_BRIDGE_NUMBER>, B<IOBASE_MEMORY>, B<IOBASE_IO>, B<IOBASE_ISA_IO>, "
1740 "B<IOBASE_ISA_MEM>."
1742 "I<which> の値に基づいて、物理メモリ内の様々な I/O 領域の位置情報が返される。 "
1743 "I<which> の値は、 B<IOBASE_BRIDGE_NUMBER>, B<IOBASE_MEMORY>, B<IOBASE_IO>, "
1744 "B<IOBASE_ISA_IO>, B<IOBASE_ISA_MEM> である。"
1747 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:81
1748 msgid "I<len> value is invalid. This does not apply to B<pciconfig_iobase>()."
1750 "I<len> の値が無効である。 このエラーは B<pciconfig_iobase>() には適用されな"
1754 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:81 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1612
1755 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:130
1761 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:84
1766 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:84
1772 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:90
1774 "For B<pciconfig_iobase>(), \"hose\" value is NULL. For the other calls, "
1775 "could not find a slot."
1777 "B<pciconfig_iobase>() の場合、でホース (hose) の値が NULL である。 他の呼び"
1778 "出しの場合、スロット (slot) が見つからない。"
1781 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:95
1782 msgid "The system has not implemented these calls (B<CONFIG_PCI> not defined)."
1784 "このシステムはこれらの呼び出しを実装していない。 (B<CONFIG_PCI> が定義されて"
1788 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:95
1790 msgid "B<EOPNOTSUPP>"
1791 msgstr "B<EOPNOTSUPP>"
1794 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:102
1796 "This return value is only valid for B<pciconfig_iobase>(). It is returned "
1797 "if the value for I<which> is invalid."
1799 "この返り値は B<pciconfig_iobase>() でのみ有効である。 このエラーは I<which> "
1803 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:107
1805 "User does not have the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability. This does not apply to "
1806 "B<pciconfig_iobase>()."
1808 "ユーザが B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> 権限を持っていない。 このエラーは "
1809 "B<pciconfig_iobase>() には適用されない。"
1812 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:109
1813 msgid "These calls are Linux-specific, available since Linux 2.0.26/2.1.11."
1815 "これらの呼び出しは Linux 特有のものであり、 Linux 2.0.26/2.1.11 から使用可能"
1819 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:111
1820 msgid "B<capabilities>(7)"
1821 msgstr "B<capabilities>(7)"
1824 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:30
1827 msgstr "PERSONALITY"
1830 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:30
1836 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:33
1837 msgid "personality - set the process execution domain"
1838 msgstr "personality - プロセスを実行するドメインを設定する"
1841 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:35
1842 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/personality.hE<gt>>"
1843 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/personality.hE<gt>>"
1846 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:37
1847 msgid "B<int personality(unsigned long >I<persona>B<);>"
1848 msgstr "B<int personality(unsigned long >I<persona>B<);>"
1851 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:45
1853 "Linux supports different execution domains, or personalities, for each "
1854 "process. Among other things, execution domains tell Linux how to map signal "
1855 "numbers into signal actions. The execution domain system allows Linux to "
1856 "provide limited support for binaries compiled under other UNIX-like "
1857 "operating systems."
1859 "Linux は、プロセス毎の異なる実行ドメイン、すなわち パーソナリティ "
1860 "(personality) をサポートしている。 実行ドメインは Linux にシグナル番号にどの"
1861 "シグナルを割り付けるかを 教えたりする。また、実行ドメイン・システムにより、 "
1862 "Linux は他の UNIX 風のオペレーティング・システムでコンパイルされた バイナリに"
1863 "対する限定的なサポートを提供している。"
1866 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:55
1868 "This function will return the current B<personality>() when I<persona> "
1869 "equals 0xffffffff. Otherwise, it will make the execution domain referenced "
1870 "by I<persona> the new execution domain of the calling process."
1872 "B<personality ()> 関数は、 I<persona> が 0xffffffff の場合は現在の B<パーソナ"
1873 "リティ> を返す。 それ以外の場合、 I<persona> により参照される実行ドメイン"
1874 "を、 呼び出し元のプロセスの新しい実行ドメインとする。"
1877 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:62
1879 "On success, the previous I<persona> is returned. On error, -1 is returned, "
1880 "and I<errno> is set appropriately."
1882 "成功した場合、以前の I<persona> が返される。エラーの場合は、-1 が返され、 "
1883 "I<errno> が適切に設定される。"
1886 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:66
1887 msgid "The kernel was unable to change the personality."
1888 msgstr "カーネルがパーソナリティを変更できなかった。"
1891 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:70
1893 "B<personality>() is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs "
1894 "intended to be portable."
1896 "B<personality>() は Linux 固有であり、移植を意図したプログラムで使用すべきで"
1900 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:7
1906 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
1907 msgid "pivot_root - change the root file system"
1908 msgstr "pivot_root - root ファイルシステムを変更する"
1911 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:12
1913 "B<int pivot_root(const char *>I<new_root>B<, const char *>I<put_old>B<);>"
1915 "B<int pivot_root(const char *>I<new_root>B<, const char *>I<put_old>B<);>"
1919 #. capability is required.
1921 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:21
1923 "B<pivot_root>() moves the root file system of the calling process to the "
1924 "directory I<put_old> and makes I<new_root> the new root file system of the "
1927 "B<pivot_root>() は呼び出し元のプロセスの root ファイルシステムを I<put_old> "
1928 "ディレクトリに移動し、 I<new_root> を呼び出し元のプロセスの新しい root ファイ"
1932 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:28
1934 "The typical use of B<pivot_root>() is during system startup, when the "
1935 "system mounts a temporary root file system (e.g., an B<initrd>), then mounts "
1936 "the real root file system, and eventually turns the latter into the current "
1937 "root of all relevant processes or threads."
1939 "B<pivot_root>() の典型的な利用法は、システムの起動中にシステムが一時的な "
1940 "root ファイルシステム (例えば B<initrd>) をマウントし、これに続いて本当の "
1941 "root ファイルシステムをマウントし、 後者を必要な全てのプロセス・スレッドの カ"
1942 "レント root に変更するような場合である。"
1945 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:40
1947 "B<pivot_root>() may or may not change the current root and the current "
1948 "working directory of any processes or threads which use the old root "
1949 "directory. The caller of B<pivot_root>() must ensure that processes with "
1950 "root or current working directory at the old root operate correctly in "
1951 "either case. An easy way to ensure this is to change their root and current "
1952 "working directory to I<new_root> before invoking B<pivot_root>()."
1954 "古い root ディレクトリを使っていた全てのプロセスやスレッドの カレント root と"
1955 "カレントワーキングディレクトリを、 B<pivot_root>() が変更するかどうかはわか"
1956 "らない。 B<pivot_root>() の呼びだしプロセスは、古い root やカレントワーキン"
1957 "グディレクトリを使っていた プロセスが、いずれの場合でも正しく動作することを保"
1958 "証しなければならない。 これを簡単に行うには、それらのプロセスの root と カレ"
1959 "ントワーキングディレクトリを B<pivot_root>() を呼び出す前に I<new_root> に変"
1963 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:58
1965 "The paragraph above is intentionally vague because the implementation of "
1966 "B<pivot_root>() may change in the future. At the time of writing, "
1967 "B<pivot_root>() changes root and current working directory of each process "
1968 "or thread to I<new_root> if they point to the old root directory. This is "
1969 "necessary in order to prevent kernel threads from keeping the old root "
1970 "directory busy with their root and current working directory, even if they "
1971 "never access the file system in any way. In the future, there may be a "
1972 "mechanism for kernel threads to explicitly relinquish any access to the file "
1973 "system, such that this fairly intrusive mechanism can be removed from "
1976 "上記の段落は、将来 B<pivot_root>() が変更されるかも知れないことを鑑みて、わ"
1977 "ざと曖昧に書いてある。 本ページを記述している時点では、 B<pivot_root>() は古"
1978 "い root ディレクトリを用いている全てのプロセス・スレッドの root と カレント"
1979 "ワーキングディレクトリを I<new_root> に変更する。これはカーネルのスレッドが古"
1980 "い root ディレクトリを busy 状態にしないために必要である。これらのスレッドが "
1981 "古いディレクトリを root やカレントワーキングディレクトリとしていると、 ファイ"
1982 "ルシステムに一切アクセスしない場合でも 古い root が busy になってしまうからで"
1983 "ある。 将来は、カーネルスレッドがあらゆるファイルシステムへのアクセスを 明示"
1984 "的に放棄するメカニズムができ、このでしゃばりな機能は B<pivot_root>() から削"
1988 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:66
1990 "Note that this also applies to the calling process: B<pivot_root>() may or "
1991 "may not affect its current working directory. It is therefore recommended "
1992 "to call B<chdir(\"/\")> immediately after B<pivot_root>()."
1994 "これは呼び出し元のプロセスについても当てはまることに注意。 B<pivot_root>() "
1995 "がカレントプロセスのカレントワーキングディレクトリに影響するかどうかは 分から"
1996 "ない。したがって B<pivot_root>() の直後に B<chdir(\"/\")> を呼び出すとよい。"
1999 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:68
2000 msgid "The following restrictions apply to I<new_root> and I<put_old>:"
2001 msgstr "I<new_root> および I<put_old> には以下の制限がある:"
2004 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:68 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:70
2005 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:73 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:77
2011 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:70
2012 msgid "They must be directories."
2013 msgstr "ディレクトリでなければならない。"
2016 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:73
2018 "I<new_root> and I<put_old> must not be on the same file system as the "
2021 "I<new_root> と I<put_old> は現在の root と同じファイルシステムにあってはなら"
2025 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:77
2027 "I<put_old> must be underneath I<new_root>, that is, adding a nonzero number "
2028 "of I</..> to the string pointed to by I<put_old> must yield the same "
2029 "directory as I<new_root>."
2031 "I<put_old> は I<new_root> 以下になければならない。すなわち I<put_old> を差す"
2032 "文字列に 1 個以上の I<../> を付けることによって I<new_root> と同じディレクト"
2036 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:79
2037 msgid "No other file system may be mounted on I<put_old>."
2038 msgstr "他のファイルシステムが I<put_old> にマウントされていてはならない。"
2041 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:83
2042 msgid "See also B<pivot_root>(8) for additional usage examples."
2043 msgstr "利用例については B<pivot_root>(8) を参照のこと。"
2046 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:90
2048 "If the current root is not a mount point (e.g., after B<chroot>(2) or "
2049 "B<pivot_root>(), see also below), not the old root directory, but the mount "
2050 "point of that file system is mounted on I<put_old>."
2052 "現在の root がマウントポイントではない (B<chroot>(2) や B<pivot_root>() の"
2053 "後など。以下も参照) 場合、 古い root ディレクトリではなく、 そのファイルシス"
2054 "テムのマウントポイントが I<put_old> にマウントされる。"
2057 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:95
2059 "I<new_root> does not have to be a mount point. In this case, I</proc/"
2060 "mounts> will show the mount point of the file system containing I<new_root> "
2063 "I<new_root> はマウントポイントでなくてもよい。 この場合 I</proc/mounts> は、 "
2064 "I<new_root> を root (I</>) とするファイルシステムのマウントポイントを表示す"
2068 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:104
2070 "B<pivot_root>() may return (in I<errno>) any of the errors returned by "
2071 "B<stat>(2). Additionally, it may return:"
2073 "B<pivot_root>() は B<stat>(2) の返すあらゆるエラーを (I<errno> に) 返す可能"
2074 "性がある。さらに以下を返すことがある:"
2077 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:108
2079 "I<new_root> or I<put_old> are on the current root file system, or a file "
2080 "system is already mounted on I<put_old>."
2082 "I<new_root> または I<put_old> が、現在の root ファイルシステム上にあるか、既"
2083 "に I<put_old> になんらかのファイルシステムがマウントされている。"
2086 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:111
2087 msgid "I<put_old> is not underneath I<new_root>."
2088 msgstr "I<put_old> が I<new_root> の下層にない。"
2091 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:111
2097 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:114
2098 msgid "I<new_root> or I<put_old> is not a directory."
2099 msgstr "I<new_root> または I<put_old> がディレクトリでない。"
2102 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:119
2103 msgid "The calling process does not have the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability."
2104 msgstr "呼び出し元のプロセスが B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> ケーパビリティを持っていない。"
2107 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:122
2108 msgid "B<pivot_root>() was introduced in Linux 2.3.41."
2109 msgstr "B<pivot_root>() は Linux 2.3.41 で導入された。"
2112 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:125
2113 msgid "B<pivot_root>() is Linux-specific and hence is not portable."
2114 msgstr "B<pivot_root>() は Linux に固有のものなので、移植性はない。"
2117 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:128 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1675
2123 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:132
2125 "B<pivot_root>() should not have to change root and current working "
2126 "directory of all other processes in the system."
2128 "B<pivot_root>() はシステムの他のプロセス全ての root と カレントワーキング"
2129 "ディレクトリとを変更しなくてもよいはずである。"
2132 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:137
2134 "Some of the more obscure uses of B<pivot_root>() may quickly lead to "
2137 "B<pivot_root>() の使い方がもうちょっと曖昧になると、 あっという間にわけのわ"
2141 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:143
2142 msgid "B<chdir>(2), B<chroot>(2), B<stat>(2), B<initrd>(4), B<pivot_root>(8)"
2143 msgstr "B<chdir>(2), B<chroot>(2), B<stat>(2), B<initrd>(4), B<pivot_root>(8)"
2146 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:27
2148 msgid "PROCESS_VM_READV"
2152 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:27
2158 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:30
2160 "process_vm_readv, process_vm_writev - transfer data between process address "
2165 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:33
2167 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
2168 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
2171 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:40
2174 "B<ssize_t process_vm_readv(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
2175 "B< const struct iovec *>I<local_iov>B<,>\n"
2176 "B< unsigned long >I<liovcnt>B<,>\n"
2177 "B< const struct iovec *>I<remote_iov>B<,>\n"
2178 "B< unsigned long >I<riovcnt>B<,>\n"
2179 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
2183 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:47
2186 "B<ssize_t process_vm_writev(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
2187 "B< const struct iovec *>I<local_iov>B<,>\n"
2188 "B< unsigned long >I<liovcnt>B<,>\n"
2189 "B< const struct iovec *>I<remote_iov>B<,>\n"
2190 "B< unsigned long >I<riovcnt>B<,>\n"
2191 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
2195 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:55
2197 "These system calls transfer data between the address space of the calling "
2198 "process (\"the local process\") and the process identified by I<pid> (\"the "
2199 "remote process\"). The data moves directly between the address spaces of "
2200 "the two processes, without passing through kernel space."
2204 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:80
2206 "The B<process_vm_readv>() system call transfers data from the remote "
2207 "process to the local process. The data to be transferred is identified by "
2208 "I<remote_iov> and I<riovcnt>: I<remote_iov> is a pointer to an array "
2209 "describing address ranges in the process I<pid>, and I<riovcnt> specifies "
2210 "the number of elements in I<remote_iov>. The data is transferred to the "
2211 "locations specified by I<local_iov> and I<liovcnt>: I<local_iov> is a "
2212 "pointer to an array describing address ranges in the calling process, and "
2213 "I<liovcnt> specifies the number of elements in I<local_iov>."
2217 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:94
2219 "The B<process_vm_writev>() system call is the converse of "
2220 "B<process_vm_readv>()\\(emit transfers data from the local process to the "
2221 "remote process. Other than the direction of the transfer, the arguments "
2222 "I<liovcnt>, I<local_iov>, I<riovcnt>, and I<remote_iov> have the same "
2223 "meaning as for B<process_vm_readv>()."
2227 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:104
2229 "The I<local_iov> and I<remote_iov> arguments point to an array of I<iovec> "
2230 "structures, defined in I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>> as:"
2232 "引き数 I<local_iov> と I<remote_iov> は I<iovec> 構造体の配列へのポイン\n"
2233 "タである。 I<iovec> 構造体は I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>> で以下のように定義\n"
2237 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:111
2241 " void *iov_base; /* Starting address */\n"
2242 " size_t iov_len; /* Number of bytes to transfer */\n"
2246 " void *iov_base; /* Starting address */\n"
2247 " size_t iov_len; /* Number of bytes to transfer */\n"
2251 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:127
2253 "Buffers are processed in array order. This means that B<process_vm_readv>"
2254 "() completely fills I<local_iov[0]> before proceeding to I<local_iov[1]>, "
2255 "and so on. Likewise, I<remote_iov[0]> is completely read before proceeding "
2256 "to I<remote_iov[1]>, and so on."
2258 "バッファは配列の順序で処理される。これは、 B<process_vm_readv>() が\n"
2259 "I<local_iov>[0] が完全に一杯になるまでデータを詰めてから、\n"
2260 "I<local_iov>[1] に進むといったことを意味する。同様に、\n"
2261 "I<remote_iov>[0] を完全に読み出してから I<remote_iov>[1] に進み、\n"
2265 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:138
2267 "Similarly, B<process_vm_writev>() writes out the entire contents of "
2268 "I<local_iov[0]> before proceeding to I<local_iov[1]>, and it completely "
2269 "fills I<remote_iov[0]> before proceeding to I<remote_iov[1]>."
2273 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:146
2275 "The lengths of I<remote_iov[i].iov_len> and I<local_iov[i].iov_len> do not "
2276 "have to be the same. Thus, it is possible to split a single local buffer "
2277 "into multiple remote buffers, or vice versa."
2281 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:150
2282 msgid "The I<flags> argument is currently unused and must be set to 0."
2283 msgstr "I<flags> 引き数は現在使用されておらず、 0 を設定しなければならない。"
2285 #. In time, glibc might provide a wrapper that works around this limit,
2286 #. as is done for readv()/writev()
2288 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:163
2290 "The values specified in the I<liovcnt> and I<riovcnt> arguments must be less "
2291 "than or equal to B<IOV_MAX> (defined in I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>> or accessible "
2292 "via the call I<sysconf(_SC_IOV_MAX)>)."
2296 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:173
2298 "The count arguments and I<local_iov> are checked before doing any "
2299 "transfers. If the counts are too big, or I<local_iov> is invalid, or the "
2300 "addresses refer to regions that are inaccessible to the local process, none "
2301 "of the vectors will be processed and an error will be returned immediately."
2305 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:193
2307 "Note, however, that these system calls do not check the memory regions in "
2308 "the remote process until just before doing the read/write. Consequently, a "
2309 "partial read/write (see RETURN VALUE) may result if one of the "
2310 "I<remote_iov> elements points to an invalid memory region in the remote "
2311 "process. No further reads/writes will be attempted beyond that point. Keep "
2312 "this in mind when attempting to read data of unknown length (such as C "
2313 "strings that are null-terminated) from a remote process, by avoiding "
2314 "spanning memory pages (typically 4KiB) in a single remote I<iovec> element. "
2315 "(Instead, split the remote read into two I<remote_iov> elements and have "
2316 "them merge back into a single write I<local_iov> entry. The first read "
2317 "entry goes up to the page boundary, while the second starts on the next page "
2322 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:207
2324 "In order to read from or write to another process, either the caller must "
2325 "have the capability B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>, or the real user ID, effective user "
2326 "ID, and saved set-user-ID of the remote process must match the real user ID "
2327 "of the caller I<and> the real group ID, effective group ID, and saved set-"
2328 "group-ID of the remote process must match the real group ID of the caller. "
2329 "(The permission required is exactly the same as that required to perform a "
2330 "B<ptrace>(2) B<PTRACE_ATTACH> on the remote process.)"
2334 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:223
2336 "On success, B<process_vm_readv>() returns the number of bytes read and "
2337 "B<process_vm_writev>() returns the number of bytes written. This return "
2338 "value may be less than the total number of requested bytes, if a partial "
2339 "read/write occurred. (Partial transfers apply at the granularity of "
2340 "I<iovec> elements. These system calls won't perform a partial transfer that "
2341 "splits a single I<iovec> element.) The caller should check the return value "
2342 "to determine whether a partial read/write occurred."
2346 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:227
2347 msgid "On error, -1 is returned and I<errno> is set appropriately."
2348 msgstr "エラーの場合は -1 が返され、 I<errno> が適切に設定される。"
2351 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:239
2353 "The sum of the I<iov_len> values of either I<local_iov> or I<remote_iov> "
2354 "overflows a I<ssize_t> value."
2358 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:243
2359 msgid "I<flags> is not 0."
2360 msgstr "I<flags> が 0 でない。"
2363 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:249
2364 msgid "I<liovcnt> or I<riovcnt> is too large."
2365 msgstr "I<liovcnt> か I<riovcnt> が大きすぎる。"
2368 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:254
2370 "The memory described by I<local_iov> is outside the caller's accessible "
2373 "I<local_iov> が示すメモリが呼び出し側がアクセス可能な\n"
2377 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:260
2379 "The memory described by I<remote_iov> is outside the accessible address "
2380 "space of the process I<pid>."
2384 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:265
2386 "Could not allocate memory for internal copies of the I<iovec> structures."
2390 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:269
2392 "The caller does not have permission to access the address space of the "
2395 "呼び出し側がプロセス I<pid> のアドレス空間に対するアクセス許可を\n"
2399 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:269 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1632
2400 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:459 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:502
2406 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:274
2407 msgid "No process with ID I<pid> exists."
2408 msgstr "ID が I<pid> のプロセスが存在しない。"
2411 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:277
2413 "These system calls were added in Linux 3.2. Support is provided in glibc "
2414 "since version 2.15."
2416 "これらのシステムコールは Linux 3.2 で追加された。ライブラリによる\n"
2417 "サポートは glibc バージョン 2.15 以降で提供されている。"
2420 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:279
2421 msgid "These system calls are nonstandard Linux extensions."
2422 msgstr "これらのシステムコールは非標準で Linux による拡張である。"
2425 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:285
2427 "The data transfers performed by B<process_vm_readv>() and "
2428 "B<process_vm_writev>() are not guaranteed to be atomic in any way."
2431 #. Original user is MPI, http://www.mcs.anl.gov/research/projects/mpi/
2432 #. See also some benchmarks at http://lwn.net/Articles/405284/
2433 #. and http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=130105930902915&w=2
2435 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:293
2437 "These system calls were designed to permit fast message passing by allowing "
2438 "messages to be exchanged with a single copy operation (rather than the "
2439 "double copy that would be required when using, for example, shared memory or "
2444 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:293 build/C/man2/splice.2:222
2445 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:129
2451 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:301
2453 "The following code sample demonstrates the use of B<process_vm_readv>(). It "
2454 "reads 20 bytes at the address 0x10000 from the process with PID 10 and "
2455 "writes the first 10 bytes into I<buf1> and the second 10 bytes into I<buf2>."
2459 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:304
2461 msgid "#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>\n"
2462 msgstr "#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>\n"
2465 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:314
2471 " struct iovec local[2];\n"
2472 " struct iovec remote[1];\n"
2476 " pid_t pid = 10; /* PID of remote process */\n"
2481 " struct iovec local[2];\n"
2482 " struct iovec remote[1];\n"
2486 " pid_t pid = 10; /* PID of remote process */\n"
2489 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:321
2492 " local[0].iov_base = buf1;\n"
2493 " local[0].iov_len = 10;\n"
2494 " local[1].iov_base = buf2;\n"
2495 " local[1].iov_len = 10;\n"
2496 " remote[0].iov_base = (void *) 0x10000;\n"
2497 " remote[1].iov_len = 20;\n"
2499 " local[0].iov_base = buf1;\n"
2500 " local[0].iov_len = 10;\n"
2501 " local[1].iov_base = buf2;\n"
2502 " local[1].iov_len = 10;\n"
2503 " remote[0].iov_base = (void *) 0x10000;\n"
2504 " remote[1].iov_len = 20;\n"
2507 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:328
2510 " nread = process_vm_readv(pid, local, 2, remote, 1, 0);\n"
2511 " if (nread != 20)\n"
2517 " nread = process_vm_readv(pid, local, 2, remote, 1, 0);\n"
2518 " if (nread != 20)\n"
2525 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:332
2526 msgid "B<readv>(2), B<writev>(2)"
2527 msgstr "B<readv>(2), B<writev>(2)"
2530 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:49
2536 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:49
2542 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:52
2543 msgid "ptrace - process trace"
2544 msgstr "ptrace - プロセスのトレース"
2547 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:55
2549 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/ptrace.hE<gt>>\n"
2550 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/ptrace.hE<gt>>\n"
2553 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:58
2556 "B<long ptrace(enum __ptrace_request >I<request>B<, pid_t >I<pid>B<, >\n"
2557 "B< void *>I<addr>B<, void *>I<data>B<);>\n"
2559 "B<long ptrace(enum __ptrace_request >I<request>B<, pid_t >I<pid>B<, >\n"
2560 "B< void *>I<addr>B<, void *>I<data>B<);>\n"
2563 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:67
2566 #| "The B<ptrace>() system call provides a means by which a parent process "
2567 #| "may observe and control the execution of another process, and examine and "
2568 #| "change its core image and registers. It is primarily used to implement "
2569 #| "breakpoint debugging and system call tracing."
2571 "The B<ptrace>() system call provides a means by which one process (the "
2572 "\"tracer\") may observe and control the execution of another process (the "
2573 "\"tracee\"), and examine and change the tracee's memory and registers. It "
2574 "is primarily used to implement breakpoint debugging and system call tracing."
2576 "B<ptrace>() システムコールは、親プロセスが、別のプロセスの実行の監視/制御を "
2577 "行ったり、コアイメージ (core image) やレジスタの調査/変更を 行ったりする手段"
2578 "を提供する。 B<ptrace>() は、主にブレークポイントによるデバッグやシステム"
2579 "コールのトレースを 実装するのに用いられる。"
2582 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:78
2584 "A tracee first needs to be attached to the tracer. Attachment and "
2585 "subsequent commands are per thread: in a multithreaded process, every thread "
2586 "can be individually attached to a (potentially different) tracer, or left "
2587 "not attached and thus not debugged. Therefore, \"tracee\" always means "
2588 "\"(one) thread\", never \"a (possibly multithreaded) process\". Ptrace "
2589 "commands are always sent to a specific tracee using a call of the form"
2593 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:80
2595 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_foo, pid, ...)\n"
2599 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:84
2600 msgid "where I<pid> is the thread ID of the corresponding Linux thread."
2604 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:90
2606 "(Note that in this page, a \"multithreaded process\" means a thread group "
2607 "consisting of threads created using the B<clone>(2) B<CLONE_THREAD> flag.)"
2611 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:99
2614 #| "The parent can initiate a trace by calling B<fork>(2) and having the "
2615 #| "resulting child do a B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, followed (typically) by an B<exec>"
2616 #| "(3). Alternatively, the parent may commence trace of an existing process "
2617 #| "using B<PTRACE_ATTACH>."
2619 "A process can initiate a trace by calling B<fork>(2) and having the "
2620 "resulting child do a B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, followed (typically) by an B<execve>"
2621 "(2). Alternatively, one process may commence tracing another process using "
2624 "トレースを開始するには、まず親プロセスで B<fork>(2) を呼び出す。生成された子"
2625 "プロセスで B<PTRACE_TRACEME> を行い、続いて (典型的には) B<exec>(3) を行な"
2626 "う。 別の方法としては、 親プロセスが既存のプロセスに対して B<PTRACE_ATTACH> "
2630 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:116
2633 #| "While being traced, the child will stop each time a signal is delivered, "
2634 #| "even if the signal is being ignored. (The exception is B<SIGKILL>, which "
2635 #| "has its usual effect.) The parent will be notified at its next B<wait>"
2636 #| "(2) and may inspect and modify the child process while it is stopped. "
2637 #| "The parent then causes the child to continue, optionally ignoring the "
2638 #| "delivered signal (or even delivering a different signal instead)."
2640 "While being traced, the tracee will stop each time a signal is delivered, "
2641 "even if the signal is being ignored. (An exception is B<SIGKILL>, which has "
2642 "its usual effect.) The tracer will be notified at its next call to "
2643 "B<waitpid>(2) (or one of the related \"wait\" system calls); that call will "
2644 "return a I<status> value containing information that indicates the cause of "
2645 "the stop in the tracee. While the tracee is stopped, the tracer can use "
2646 "various ptrace requests to inspect and modify the tracee. The tracer then "
2647 "causes the tracee to continue, optionally ignoring the delivered signal (or "
2648 "even delivering a different signal instead)."
2650 "トレースの実行中、子プロセスはシグナルが配送されるたびに、 たとえそのシグナル"
2651 "が無視すべきものであっても停止する (B<SIGKILL> は例外で、通常どおりの効果をも"
2652 "たらす)。 親プロセスには次の B<wait>(2) で通知され、停止している間に子プロセ"
2653 "スを調べたり修正したりすることができる。 そして親プロセスは子プロセスの実行を"
2654 "再開させるが、配送された シグナルを無視することもできる (あるいは代わりに別の"
2655 "シグナルを 配送することもできる) 。"
2658 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:126
2660 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is not in effect, all successful calls "
2661 "to B<execve>(2) by the traced process will cause it to be sent a B<SIGTRAP> "
2662 "signal, giving the parent a chance to gain control before the new program "
2667 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:130
2670 #| "When the parent is finished tracing, it can terminate the child with "
2671 #| "B<PTRACE_KILL> or cause it to continue executing in a normal, untraced "
2672 #| "mode via B<PTRACE_DETACH>."
2674 "When the tracer is finished tracing, it can cause the tracee to continue "
2675 "executing in a normal, untraced mode via B<PTRACE_DETACH>."
2677 "親プロセスがトレースを終了する際には、 B<PTRACE_KILL> を使用して子プロセスを"
2678 "終了させることもできるし、 B<PTRACE_DETACH> を用いて通常のトレースなしのモー"
2679 "ドにして、 実行を継続させることもできる。"
2682 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:134
2683 msgid "The value of I<request> determines the action to be performed:"
2684 msgstr "I<request> の値がこのシステムコールの動作を決定する:"
2687 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:134
2689 msgid "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>"
2690 msgstr "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>"
2693 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:144
2695 "Indicate that this process is to be traced by its parent. A process "
2696 "probably shouldn't make this request if its parent isn't expecting to trace "
2697 "it. (I<pid>, I<addr>, and I<data> are ignored.)"
2701 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:157
2704 #| "The above request is used only by the child process; the rest are used "
2705 #| "only by the parent. In the following requests, I<pid> specifies the "
2706 #| "child process to be acted on. For requests other than B<PTRACE_KILL>, "
2707 #| "the child process must be stopped."
2709 "The B<PTRACE_TRACEME> request is used only by the tracee; the remaining "
2710 "requests are used only by the tracer. In the following requests, I<pid> "
2711 "specifies the thread ID of the tracee to be acted on. For requests other "
2712 "than B<PTRACE_ATTACH> and B<PTRACE_KILL>, the tracee must be stopped."
2714 "上記の要求は子プロセスだけが行なうものである。 残りは親プロセスだけが行なうも"
2715 "のである。 以下の要求では、I<pid> で操作の対象となる 子プロセスを指定する。 "
2716 "B<PTRACE_KILL> を除き、要求を行なうためには 子プロセスは停止していなければな"
2720 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:157
2722 msgid "B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT>, B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>"
2723 msgstr "B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT>, B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>"
2726 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:168
2729 #| "Reads a word at the location I<addr> in the child's memory, returning the "
2730 #| "word as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. Linux does not have "
2731 #| "separate text and data address spaces, so the two requests are currently "
2732 #| "equivalent. (The argument I<data> is ignored.)"
2734 "Read a word at the address I<addr> in the tracee's memory, returning the "
2735 "word as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. Linux does not have separate "
2736 "text and data address spaces, so these two requests are currently "
2737 "equivalent. (I<data> is ignored.)"
2739 "子プロセスのメモリの I<addr> の位置から 1 ワードを読み出す。読み出したワード"
2740 "は B<ptrace>() の返り値として返される。 Linux ではテキスト (text) とデータ "
2741 "(data) で 同じアドレス空間を使用するため、この 2 つの要求は現在のところ 同じ"
2742 "ものである。 (引き数 I<data> は無視される。)"
2745 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:168
2747 msgid "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>"
2748 msgstr "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>"
2750 #. PTRACE_PEEKUSR in kernel source, but glibc uses PTRACE_PEEKUSER,
2751 #. and that is the name that seems common on other systems.
2753 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:186
2756 #| "Reads a word at offset I<addr> in the child's USER area, which holds the "
2757 #| "registers and other information about the process (see I<E<lt>sys/user."
2758 #| "hE<gt>>). The word is returned as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. "
2759 #| "Typically the offset must be word-aligned, though this might vary by "
2760 #| "architecture. See NOTES. (I<data> is ignored.)"
2762 "Read a word at offset I<addr> in the tracee's USER area, which holds the "
2763 "registers and other information about the process (see I<E<lt>sys/user."
2764 "hE<gt>>). The word is returned as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. "
2765 "Typically, the offset must be word-aligned, though this might vary by "
2766 "architecture. See NOTES. (I<data> is ignored.)"
2768 "子プロセスの USER 領域のオフセット I<addr> の位置から 1 ワードを読み込む。"
2769 "USER 領域にはそのプロセスの レジスタ (registers) などの情報が保持されている "
2770 "(I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>> を参照)。読み込んだワードは B<ptrace>() コールの結"
2771 "果として返される。 たいていはオフセットはワード境界になければならないが、 "
2772 "アーキテクチャによってはその必要はない。 「注意」の節を参照。 (I<data> は無視"
2776 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:186
2778 msgid "B<PTRACE_POKETEXT>, B<PTRACE_POKEDATA>"
2779 msgstr "B<PTRACE_POKETEXT>, B<PTRACE_POKEDATA>"
2782 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:198
2785 #| "Copies the word I<data> to location I<addr> in the child's memory. As "
2786 #| "above, the two requests are currently equivalent."
2788 "Copy the word I<data> to the address I<addr> in the tracee's memory. As for "
2789 "B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT> and B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>, these two requests are currently "
2792 "ワード I<data> を子プロセスのメモリの I<addr> の位置へコピーする。上と同様"
2793 "に、現在のところ二つの 要求は同じものである。"
2796 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:198
2798 msgid "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>"
2799 msgstr "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>"
2801 #. PTRACE_POKEUSR in kernel source, but glibc uses PTRACE_POKEUSER,
2802 #. and that is the name that seems common on other systems.
2803 #. FIXME In the preceding sentence, which modifications are disallowed,
2804 #. and when they are disallowed, how does userspace discover that fact?
2806 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:214
2809 #| "Copies the word I<data> to offset I<addr> in the child's USER area. As "
2810 #| "above, the offset must typically be word-aligned. In order to maintain "
2811 #| "the integrity of the kernel, some modifications to the USER area are "
2814 "Copy the word I<data> to offset I<addr> in the tracee's USER area. As for "
2815 "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>, the offset must typically be word-aligned. In order to "
2816 "maintain the integrity of the kernel, some modifications to the USER area "
2819 "ワード I<data> を子プロセスの USER 領域のオフセット I<addr> の位置にコピーす"
2820 "る。 上と同様に、通常、オフセットはワード境界になければならない。 カーネルの"
2821 "完全性 (integrity) を維持するため、 変更内容によっては USER 領域の変更は禁止"
2825 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:214
2827 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETREGS>, B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS>"
2828 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETREGS>, B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS>"
2831 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:233
2834 #| "Copies the child's general purpose or floating-point registers, "
2835 #| "respectively, to location I<data> in the parent. See I<E<lt>sys/user."
2836 #| "hE<gt>> for information on the format of this data. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
2838 "Copy the tracee's general-purpose or floating-point registers, respectively, "
2839 "to the address I<data> in the tracer. See I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>> for "
2840 "information on the format of this data. (I<addr> is ignored.) Note that "
2841 "SPARC systems have the meaning of I<data> and I<addr> reversed; that is, "
2842 "I<data> is ignored and the registers are copied to the address I<addr>."
2844 "それぞれ、子プロセスの汎用レジスタ、浮動小数点レジスタを親プロセスの I<data> "
2845 "の位置にコピーする。この data の書式に関しては I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>> を参照"
2846 "すること。(I<addr> は無視される。)"
2849 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:233
2851 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)"
2852 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> (Linux 2.3.99-pre6 以降)"
2855 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:245
2858 #| "Retrieve information about the signal that caused the stop. Copies a "
2859 #| "I<siginfo_t> structure (see B<sigaction>(2)) from the child to location "
2860 #| "I<data> in the parent. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
2862 "Retrieve information about the signal that caused the stop. Copy a "
2863 "I<siginfo_t> structure (see B<sigaction>(2)) from the tracee to the address "
2864 "I<data> in the tracer. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
2866 "停止の原因となったシグナルに関する情報を取得する。 I<siginfo_t> 構造体 "
2867 "(B<sigaction>(2) 参照) を子プロセスから親プロセスの I<data> の位置にコピーす"
2868 "る。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
2871 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:245
2873 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETREGS>, B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS>"
2874 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETREGS>, B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS>"
2876 #. FIXME In the preceding sentence, which modifications are disallowed,
2877 #. and when they are disallowed, how does userspace discover that fact?
2879 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:266
2882 #| "Copies the child's general purpose or floating-point registers, "
2883 #| "respectively, from location I<data> in the parent. As for "
2884 #| "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>, some general purpose register modifications may be "
2885 #| "disallowed. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
2887 "Copy the tracee's general-purpose or floating-point registers, respectively, "
2888 "from the address I<data> in the tracer. As for B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>, some "
2889 "general-purpose register modifications may be disallowed. (I<addr> is "
2890 "ignored.) Note that SPARC systems have the meaning of I<data> and I<addr> "
2891 "reversed; that is, I<data> is ignored and the registers are copied from the "
2894 "それぞれ、子プロセスの汎用レジスタ、浮動小数点レジスタに 親プロセスの "
2895 "I<date> の位置からコピーする。 B<PTRACE_POKEUSER> と同様に、汎用レジスタに"
2896 "よっては 変更が禁止されている場合がある。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
2899 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:266
2901 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)"
2902 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> (Linux 2.3.99-pre6 以降)"
2905 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:282
2908 #| "Set signal information. Copies a I<siginfo_t> structure from location "
2909 #| "I<data> in the parent to the child. This will only affect signals that "
2910 #| "would normally be delivered to the child and were caught by the tracer. "
2911 #| "It may be difficult to tell these normal signals from synthetic signals "
2912 #| "generated by B<ptrace>() itself. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
2914 "Set signal information: copy a I<siginfo_t> structure from the address "
2915 "I<data> in the tracer to the tracee. This will affect only signals that "
2916 "would normally be delivered to the tracee and were caught by the tracer. It "
2917 "may be difficult to tell these normal signals from synthetic signals "
2918 "generated by B<ptrace>() itself. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
2920 "シグナル情報を設定する。 I<siginfo_t> 構造体を親プロセスのデータ I<data> の位"
2921 "置から 子プロセスにコピーする。 この処理を行うことができるのは、子プロセスに"
2922 "通常は配送されるはずで トレーサに捕捉されたシグナルについてだけである。 これ"
2923 "らの通常のシグナルと B<ptrace>() 自身が発生するシグナルを見分けるのは難しい"
2924 "かもしれない。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
2927 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:282
2929 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> (since Linux 2.4.6; see BUGS for caveats)"
2930 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> (Linux 2.4.6 以降; バグの章にある警告も参照)"
2933 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:291
2936 #| "Sets ptrace options from I<data> in the parent. (I<addr> is ignored.) "
2937 #| "I<data> is interpreted as a bit mask of options, which are specified by "
2938 #| "the following flags:"
2940 "Set ptrace options from I<data>. (I<addr> is ignored.) I<data> is "
2941 "interpreted as a bit mask of options, which are specified by the following "
2944 "親プロセスの I<data> に基づいて ptrace のオプションを設定する (I<addr> は無視"
2945 "される)。 I<data> はオプションのビットマスクとして解釈され、 オプションには以"
2949 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:292
2951 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> (since Linux 2.4.6)"
2952 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> (Linux 2.4.6 以降)"
2955 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:301
2958 #| "When delivering syscall traps, set bit 7 in the signal number (i.e., "
2959 #| "deliver I<SIGTRAP | 0x80>). This makes it easy for the tracer to tell "
2960 #| "the difference between normal traps and those caused by a syscall. "
2961 #| "(B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> may not work on all architectures.)"
2963 "When delivering system call traps, set bit 7 in the signal number (i.e., "
2964 "deliver I<SIGTRAP|0x80>). This makes it easy for the tracer to distinguish "
2965 "normal traps from those caused by a system call. (B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> "
2966 "may not work on all architectures.)"
2968 "システムコールのトラップが配送されたときに、シグナル番号のビット 7 を設定す"
2969 "る (すなわち、I<SIGTRAP | 0x80> を配送する)。 これにより、トレーサが通常のト"
2970 "ラップとシステムコールによるトラップを 区別しやすくなる。 "
2971 "(B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> はどのアーキテクチャでも動作しない可能性がある。)"
2974 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:301
2976 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
2977 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
2980 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:313
2983 #| "Stop the child at the next B<fork>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
2984 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
2985 #| "newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
2986 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
2988 "Stop the tracee at the next B<fork>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
2989 "newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. A B<waitpid>(2) "
2990 "by the tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
2992 "次の B<fork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
2993 "8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに fork されたプロセスのトレースを自動"
2994 "的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でそのプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセスの "
2995 "PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
2998 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:316
3000 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_FORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
3004 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:320 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:339
3005 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:358
3006 msgid "The PID of the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
3010 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:320
3012 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
3013 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
3016 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:332
3019 #| "Stop the child at the next B<vfork>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
3020 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
3021 #| "newly vforked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
3022 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
3024 "Stop the tracee at the next B<vfork>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
3025 "newly vforked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. A B<waitpid>(2) "
3026 "by the tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
3028 "次の B<vfork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
3029 "8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに vfork されたプロセスのトレースを自"
3030 "動的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でそのプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセスの "
3031 "PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
3034 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:335
3036 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
3040 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:339
3042 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
3043 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
3046 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:351
3049 #| "Stop the child at the next B<fork>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
3050 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
3051 #| "newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
3052 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
3054 "Stop the tracee at the next B<clone>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
3055 "newly cloned process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. A B<waitpid>(2) "
3056 "by the tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
3058 "次の B<fork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
3059 "8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに fork されたプロセスのトレースを自動"
3060 "的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でそのプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセスの "
3061 "PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
3064 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:354
3066 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_CLONEE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
3070 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:379
3073 #| "Stop the child at the next B<clone>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
3074 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
3075 #| "newly cloned process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
3076 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>. This option "
3077 #| "may not catch B<clone>(2) calls in all cases. If the child calls "
3078 #| "B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> will be "
3079 #| "delivered instead if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> is set; otherwise if the "
3080 #| "child calls B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set to B<SIGCHLD>, "
3081 #| "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK> will be delivered if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> is set."
3083 "This option may not catch B<clone>(2) calls in all cases. If the tracee "
3084 "calls B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> will "
3085 "be delivered instead if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> is set; otherwise if the "
3086 "tracee calls B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set to B<SIGCHLD>, "
3087 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK> will be delivered if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> is set."
3089 "次の B<clone>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE\\ E<lt>E<lt> "
3090 "\\8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに clone で作成されたプロセスのト"
3091 "レースを自動的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセ"
3092 "スの PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。 このオプションで全ての "
3093 "B<clone>(2) コールを捕まえられるわけではない。 子プロセスが B<CLONE_VFORK> "
3094 "フラグ付きで B<clone>(2) を呼び出した場合、 B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> が設定さ"
3095 "れていれば代わりに B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> が配送される。 また、子プロセスが終"
3096 "了シグナルを B<SIGCHLD> に設定して B<clone>(2) を呼び出した場合は、 "
3097 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> が設定されていれば B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK> が配送される。"
3100 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:379
3102 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
3103 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
3106 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:388
3108 "Stop the tracee at the next B<execve>(2). A B<waitpid>(2) by the tracer "
3109 "will return a I<status> value such that"
3113 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:391
3115 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXECE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
3119 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:397
3121 "If the execing thread is not a thread group leader, the thread ID is reset "
3122 "to thread group leader's ID before this stop. Since Linux 3.0, the former "
3123 "thread ID can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
3127 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:397
3129 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
3130 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (Linux 2.5.60 以降)"
3133 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:406
3135 "Stop the tracee at the completion of the next B<vfork>(2). A B<waitpid>(2) "
3136 "by the tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
3140 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:409
3142 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONEE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
3146 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:413
3148 "The PID of the new process can (since Linux 2.6.18) be retrieved with "
3149 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
3153 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:413
3155 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
3156 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> (Linux 2.5.60 以降)"
3159 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:421
3161 "Stop the tracee at exit. A B<waitpid>(2) by the tracer will return a "
3162 "I<status> value such that"
3166 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:424
3168 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXITE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
3172 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:428
3173 msgid "The tracee's exit status can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
3177 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:436
3180 #| "Stop the child at exit with I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
3181 #| "8>. The child's exit status can be retrieved with "
3182 #| "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>. This stop will be done early during process exit "
3183 #| "when registers are still available, allowing the tracer to see where the "
3184 #| "exit occurred, whereas the normal exit notification is done after the "
3185 #| "process is finished exiting. Even though context is available, the "
3186 #| "tracer cannot prevent the exit from happening at this point."
3188 "The tracee is stopped early during process exit, when registers are still "
3189 "available, allowing the tracer to see where the exit occurred, whereas the "
3190 "normal exit notification is done after the process is finished exiting. "
3191 "Even though context is available, the tracer cannot prevent the exit from "
3192 "happening at this point."
3194 "終了 (exit) 時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> で子プロセス"
3195 "の動作を停止させる。子プロセスの終了ステータスは B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得"
3196 "できる。 この停止はレジスタがまだ参照可能であるプロセス終了処理の初期に行わ"
3197 "れ、 トレーサはどこで終了が発生したかを知ることができる。 通常の終了通知 "
3198 "(exit notification) はプロセスの終了処理が完了した後に 行われる。コンテキスト"
3199 "を参照することはできるにも関わらず、 トレーサはこの時点から終了を止めることは"
3203 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:437
3205 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
3206 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
3209 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:457
3212 #| "Retrieve a message (as an I<unsigned long>) about the ptrace event that "
3213 #| "just happened, placing it in the location I<data> in the parent. For "
3214 #| "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> this is the child's exit status. For "
3215 #| "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> and B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE> "
3216 #| "this is the PID of the new process. Since Linux 2.6.18, the PID of the "
3217 #| "new process is also available for B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>. (I<addr> "
3220 "Retrieve a message (as an I<unsigned long>) about the ptrace event that "
3221 "just happened, placing it at the address I<data> in the tracer. For "
3222 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>, this is the tracee's exit status. For "
3223 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>, and "
3224 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>, this is the PID of the new process. (I<addr> is "
3227 "発生したばかりの ptrace イベントに関するメッセージを (I<unsigned long> 型で) "
3228 "取得する。 取得したメッセージは親プロセスの I<data> の位置に格納される。 得ら"
3229 "れる内容は、 B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> の場合は子プロセスの終了ステータスであり、 "
3230 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE> の場合は新"
3231 "しいプロセスの PID である。 Linux 2.6.18 以降では、新しいプロセスの PID は "
3232 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE> で入手できる。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
3235 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:457
3237 msgid "B<PTRACE_CONT>"
3238 msgstr "B<PTRACE_CONT>"
3241 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:469
3244 #| "Restarts the stopped child process. If I<data> is nonzero and not "
3245 #| "B<SIGSTOP>, it is interpreted as a signal to be delivered to the child; "
3246 #| "otherwise, no signal is delivered. Thus, for example, the parent can "
3247 #| "control whether a signal sent to the child is delivered or not. (I<addr> "
3250 "Restart the stopped tracee process. If I<data> is nonzero, it is "
3251 "interpreted as the number of a signal to be delivered to the tracee; "
3252 "otherwise, no signal is delivered. Thus, for example, the tracer can "
3253 "control whether a signal sent to the tracee is delivered or not. (I<addr> "
3256 "停止した子プロセスの実行を再開させる。 I<data> がゼロでなく、 B<SIGSTOP> でも"
3257 "なければ、 子プロセスに配送されるシグナルと解釈される。 ゼロや B<SIGSTOP> の"
3258 "場合はシグナルは配送されない。 これを使うと、例えば、親プロセスは 子プロセス"
3259 "に送られたシグナルを実際に配送するかどうかを 制御することができる。(I<addr> "
3263 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:469
3265 msgid "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>"
3266 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>"
3269 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:493
3272 #| "Restarts the stopped child as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but arranges for the "
3273 #| "child to be stopped at the next entry to or exit from a system call, or "
3274 #| "after execution of a single instruction, respectively. (The child will "
3275 #| "also, as usual, be stopped upon receipt of a signal.) From the parent's "
3276 #| "perspective, the child will appear to have been stopped by receipt of a "
3277 #| "B<SIGTRAP>. So, for B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, for example, the idea is to "
3278 #| "inspect the arguments to the system call at the first stop, then do "
3279 #| "another B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> and inspect the return value of the system call "
3280 #| "at the second stop. The I<data> argument is treated as for "
3281 #| "B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
3283 "Restart the stopped tracee as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but arrange for the tracee "
3284 "to be stopped at the next entry to or exit from a system call, or after "
3285 "execution of a single instruction, respectively. (The tracee will also, as "
3286 "usual, be stopped upon receipt of a signal.) From the tracer's perspective, "
3287 "the tracee will appear to have been stopped by receipt of a B<SIGTRAP>. So, "
3288 "for B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, for example, the idea is to inspect the arguments to "
3289 "the system call at the first stop, then do another B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> and "
3290 "inspect the return value of the system call at the second stop. The I<data> "
3291 "argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
3293 "B<PTRACE_CONT> と同様に停止した子プロセスを再開する。ただし、 "
3294 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> の場合は子プロセスが 次にシステムコールに入るかシステムコー"
3295 "ルから抜けるかする時に、 B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP> の場合は 1 命令 (instruction) "
3296 "実行した後に停止させる (通常どおり、子プロセスはシグナルを受け取った場合にも"
3297 "停止する)。 親プロセスから見ると、子プロセスは B<SIGTRAP> を受信して停止した"
3298 "ように見える。そのため、例えば B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> を使うと、1回目の停止で引き"
3299 "数を調べて B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> を実行し、 2回目の停止でシステムコールの返り値を"
3300 "調べる、 というようなことができる。 引き数 I<data> は B<PTRACE_CONT> の場合と"
3301 "同じ様に解釈される。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
3304 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:493
3306 msgid "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP> (since Linux 2.6.14)"
3307 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP> (Linux 2.6.14 以降)"
3310 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:511
3313 #| "For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, continue and stop on entry to the next syscall, "
3314 #| "which will not be executed. For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>, do the same "
3315 #| "but also singlestep if not a syscall. This call is used by programs like "
3316 #| "User Mode Linux that want to emulate all the child's system calls. The "
3317 #| "I<data> argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored; "
3318 #| "not supported on all architectures.)"
3320 "For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, continue and stop on entry to the next system call, "
3321 "which will not be executed. For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>, do the same "
3322 "but also singlestep if not a system call. This call is used by programs "
3323 "like User Mode Linux that want to emulate all the tracee's system calls. "
3324 "The I<data> argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored; "
3325 "not supported on all architectures.)"
3327 "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU> は、実行を再開し、次のシステムコールに入る時に停止させる。 "
3328 "システムコールは実行されない。 B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP> も同様だが、システ"
3329 "ムコールでない場合には 1 命令 (singlestep) だけ実行した時点でも停止させる。 "
3330 "このコールは User Mode Linux のように子プロセスのシステムコールを全て エミュ"
3331 "レートしようとするプログラムで使用される。 引き数 I<data> は B<PTRACE_CONT> "
3332 "の場合と同じ様に解釈される。 (I<addr> は無視される。 全てのアーキテクチャでサ"
3336 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:511
3338 msgid "B<PTRACE_KILL>"
3339 msgstr "B<PTRACE_KILL>"
3342 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:520
3345 #| "Sends the child a B<SIGKILL> to terminate it. (I<addr> and I<data> are "
3348 "Send the tracee a B<SIGKILL> to terminate it. (I<addr> and I<data> are "
3351 "子プロセスに B<SIGKILL> を送り終了させる。(I<addr> と I<data> は無視される。)"
3353 #. [Note from Denys Vlasenko:
3354 #. deprecation suggested by Oleg Nesterov. He prefers to deprecate it
3355 #. instead of describing (and needing to support) PTRACE_KILL's quirks.]
3357 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:539
3359 "I<This operation is deprecated; do not use it!> Instead, send a B<SIGKILL> "
3360 "directly using B<kill>(2) or B<tgkill>(2). The problem with B<PTRACE_KILL> "
3361 "is that it requires the tracee to be in signal-delivery-stop, otherwise it "
3362 "may not work (i.e., may complete successfully but won't kill the tracee). "
3363 "By contrast, sending a B<SIGKILL> directly has no such limitation."
3367 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:539
3369 msgid "B<PTRACE_ATTACH>"
3370 msgstr "B<PTRACE_ATTACH>"
3372 #. No longer true (removed by Denys Vlasenko, 2011, who remarks:
3373 #. "I think it isn't true in non-ancient 2.4 and in 2.6/3.x.
3374 #. Basically, it's not true for any Linux in practical use.
3375 #. ; the behavior of the tracee is as if it had done a
3376 #. .BR PTRACE_TRACEME .
3377 #. The calling process actually becomes the parent of the tracee
3378 #. process for most purposes (e.g., it will receive
3379 #. notification of tracee events and appears in
3381 #. output as the tracee's parent), but a
3383 #. by the tracee will still return the PID of the original parent.
3385 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:567
3387 "Attach to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a tracee of the calling "
3388 "process. The tracee is sent a B<SIGSTOP>, but will not necessarily have "
3389 "stopped by the completion of this call; use B<waitpid>(2) to wait for the "
3390 "tracee to stop. See the \"Attaching and detaching\" subsection for "
3391 "additional information. (I<addr> and I<data> are ignored.)"
3395 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:567
3397 msgid "B<PTRACE_DETACH>"
3398 msgstr "B<PTRACE_DETACH>"
3401 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:576
3404 #| "Restarts the stopped child as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but first detaches from "
3405 #| "the process, undoing the reparenting effect of B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, and the "
3406 #| "effects of B<PTRACE_TRACEME>. Although perhaps not intended, under Linux "
3407 #| "a traced child can be detached in this way regardless of which method was "
3408 #| "used to initiate tracing. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
3410 "Restart the stopped tracee as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but first detach from it. "
3411 "Under Linux, a tracee can be detached in this way regardless of which method "
3412 "was used to initiate tracing. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
3414 "B<PTRACE_CONT> と同様に停止した子プロセスを再開する。ただし まずそのプロセス"
3415 "からの分離 (detach) を行い、 B<PTRACE_ATTACH> での親の切り換えによる効果と "
3416 "B<PTRACE_TRACEME> の効果を取り消す。意図したものではないだろうが、 Linux で"
3417 "は、トレースされている子プロセスはどのような方法でトレースを 開始されたとして"
3418 "も、この方法で分離 (detach) することができる。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
3421 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:576
3423 msgid "Death under ptrace"
3427 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:585
3429 "When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives a killing signal (one whose "
3430 "disposition is set to B<SIG_DFL> and whose default action is to kill the "
3431 "process), all threads exit. Tracees report their death to their tracer(s). "
3432 "Notification of this event is delivered via B<waitpid>(2)."
3436 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:594
3438 "Note that the killing signal will first cause signal-delivery-stop (on one "
3439 "tracee only), and only after it is injected by the tracer (or after it was "
3440 "dispatched to a thread which isn't traced), will death from the signal "
3441 "happen on I<all> tracees within a multithreaded process. (The term \"signal-"
3442 "delivery-stop\" is explained below.)"
3446 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:608
3448 "B<SIGKILL> operates similarly, with exceptions. No signal-delivery-stop is "
3449 "generated for B<SIGKILL> and therefore the tracer can't suppress it. "
3450 "B<SIGKILL> kills even within system calls (syscall-exit-stop is not "
3451 "generated prior to death by B<SIGKILL>). The net effect is that B<SIGKILL> "
3452 "always kills the process (all its threads), even if some threads of the "
3453 "process are ptraced."
3457 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:613
3459 "When the tracee calls B<_exit>(2), it reports its death to its tracer. "
3460 "Other threads are not affected."
3464 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:617
3466 "When any thread executes B<exit_group>(2), every tracee in its thread group "
3467 "reports its death to its tracer."
3471 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:631
3473 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> option is on, B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> will happen "
3474 "before actual death. This applies to exits via B<exit>(2), B<exit_group>"
3475 "(2), and signal deaths (except B<SIGKILL>), and when threads are torn down "
3476 "on B<execve>(2) in a multithreaded process."
3480 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:656
3482 "The tracer cannot assume that the ptrace-stopped tracee exists. There are "
3483 "many scenarios when the tracee may die while stopped (such as B<SIGKILL>). "
3484 "Therefore, the tracer must be prepared to handle an B<ESRCH> error on any "
3485 "ptrace operation. Unfortunately, the same error is returned if the tracee "
3486 "exists but is not ptrace-stopped (for commands which require a stopped "
3487 "tracee), or if it is not traced by the process which issued the ptrace "
3488 "call. The tracer needs to keep track of the stopped/running state of the "
3489 "tracee, and interpret B<ESRCH> as \"tracee died unexpectedly\" only if it "
3490 "knows that the tracee has been observed to enter ptrace-stop. Note that "
3491 "there is no guarantee that I<waitpid(WNOHANG)> will reliably report the "
3492 "tracee's death status if a ptrace operation returned B<ESRCH>. I<waitpid"
3493 "(WNOHANG)> may return 0 instead. In other words, the tracee may be \"not "
3494 "yet fully dead\", but already refusing ptrace requests."
3498 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:670
3500 "The tracer can't assume that the tracee I<always> ends its life by reporting "
3501 "I<WIFEXITED(status)> or I<WIFSIGNALED(status)>; there are cases where this "
3502 "does not occur. For example, if a thread other than thread group leader "
3503 "does an B<execve>(2), it disappears; its PID will never be seen again, and "
3504 "any subsequent ptrace stops will be reported under the thread group leader's "
3509 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:670
3511 msgid "Stopped states"
3515 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:672
3516 msgid "A tracee can be in two states: running or stopped."
3520 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:676
3522 "There are many kinds of states when the tracee is stopped, and in ptrace "
3523 "discussions they are often conflated. Therefore, it is important to use "
3528 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:687
3530 "In this manual page, any stopped state in which the tracee is ready to "
3531 "accept ptrace commands from the tracer is called I<ptrace-stop>. Ptrace-"
3532 "stops can be further subdivided into I<signal-delivery-stop>, I<group-stop>, "
3533 "I<syscall-stop>, and so on. These stopped states are described in detail "
3538 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:692
3540 "When the running tracee enters ptrace-stop, it notifies its tracer using "
3541 "B<waitpid>(2) (or one of the other \"wait\" system calls). Most of this "
3542 "manual page assumes that the tracer waits with:"
3546 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:694
3548 msgid " pid = waitpid(pid_or_minus_1, &status, __WALL);\n"
3552 #. Do we require __WALL usage, or will just using 0 be ok? (With 0,
3553 #. I am not 100% sure there aren't ugly corner cases.) Are the
3554 #. rules different if user wants to use waitid? Will waitid require
3557 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:706
3559 "Ptrace-stopped tracees are reported as returns with I<pid> greater than 0 "
3560 "and I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true."
3564 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:714
3566 "The B<__WALL> flag does not include the B<WSTOPPED> and B<WEXITED> flags, "
3567 "but implies their functionality."
3571 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:721
3573 "Setting the B<WCONTINUED> flag when calling B<waitpid>(2) is not "
3574 "recommended: the \"continued\" state is per-process and consuming it can "
3575 "confuse the real parent of the tracee."
3579 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:729
3581 "Use of the B<WNOHANG> flag may cause B<waitpid>(2) to return 0 (\"no wait "
3582 "results available yet\") even if the tracer knows there should be a "
3583 "notification. Example:"
3587 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:733
3590 " kill(tracee, SIGKILL);\n"
3591 " waitpid(tracee, &status, __WALL | WNOHANG);\n"
3595 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:756
3597 "The following kinds of ptrace-stops exist: signal-delivery-stops, group-"
3598 "stops, B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops, syscall-stops. They all are reported by "
3599 "B<waitpid>(2) with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true. They may be differentiated "
3600 "by examining the value I<statusE<gt>E<gt>8>, and if there is ambiguity in "
3601 "that value, by querying B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO>. (Note: the I<WSTOPSIG(status)"
3602 "> macro can't be used to perform this examination, because it returns the "
3603 "value I<(status\\E<gt>E<gt>8)\\ &\\ 0xff>.)"
3607 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:756
3609 msgid "Signal-delivery-stop"
3613 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:776
3615 "When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives any signal except "
3616 "B<SIGKILL>, the kernel selects an arbitrary thread which handles the "
3617 "signal. (If the signal is generated with B<tgkill>(2), the target thread "
3618 "can be explicitly selected by the caller.) If the selected thread is "
3619 "traced, it enters signal-delivery-stop. At this point, the signal is not "
3620 "yet delivered to the process, and can be suppressed by the tracer. If the "
3621 "tracer doesn't suppress the signal, it passes the signal to the tracee in "
3622 "the next ptrace restart request. This second step of signal delivery is "
3623 "called I<signal injection> in this manual page. Note that if the signal is "
3624 "blocked, signal-delivery-stop doesn't happen until the signal is unblocked, "
3625 "with the usual exception that B<SIGSTOP> can't be blocked."
3629 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:790
3631 "Signal-delivery-stop is observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning "
3632 "with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, with the signal returned by I<WSTOPSIG"
3633 "(status)>. If the signal is B<SIGTRAP>, this may be a different kind of "
3634 "ptrace-stop; see the \"Syscall-stops\" and \"execve\" sections below for "
3635 "details. If I<WSTOPSIG(status)> returns a stopping signal, this may be a "
3636 "group-stop; see below."
3640 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:790
3642 msgid "Signal injection and suppression"
3646 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:793
3648 "After signal-delivery-stop is observed by the tracer, the tracer should "
3649 "restart the tracee with the call"
3653 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:795
3655 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_restart, pid, 0, sig)\n"
3659 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:808
3661 "where B<PTRACE_restart> is one of the restarting ptrace requests. If I<sig> "
3662 "is 0, then a signal is not delivered. Otherwise, the signal I<sig> is "
3663 "delivered. This operation is called I<signal injection> in this manual "
3664 "page, to distinguish it from signal-delivery-stop."
3668 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:814
3670 "The I<sig> value may be different from the I<WSTOPSIG(status)> value: the "
3671 "tracer can cause a different signal to be injected."
3675 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:830
3677 "Note that a suppressed signal still causes system calls to return "
3678 "prematurely. In this case system calls will be restarted: the tracer will "
3679 "observe the tracee to reexecute the interrupted system call (or "
3680 "B<restart_syscall>(2) system call for a few syscalls which use a different "
3681 "mechanism for restarting) if the tracer uses B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>. Even system "
3682 "calls (such as B<poll>(2)) which are not restartable after signal are "
3683 "restarted after signal is suppressed; however, kernel bugs exist which cause "
3684 "some syscalls to fail with B<EINTR> even though no observable signal is "
3685 "injected to the tracee."
3689 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:841
3691 "Restarting ptrace commands issued in ptrace-stops other than signal-delivery-"
3692 "stop are not guaranteed to inject a signal, even if I<sig> is nonzero. No "
3693 "error is reported; a nonzero I<sig> may simply be ignored. Ptrace users "
3694 "should not try to \"create a new signal\" this way: use B<tgkill>(2) "
3699 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:848
3701 "The fact that signal injection requests may be ignored when restarting the "
3702 "tracee after ptrace stops that are not signal-delivery-stops is a cause of "
3703 "confusion among ptrace users. One typical scenario is that the tracer "
3704 "observes group-stop, mistakes it for signal-delivery-stop, restarts the "
3709 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:850
3711 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_rest, pid, 0, stopsig)\n"
3715 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:856
3717 "with the intention of injecting I<stopsig>, but I<stopsig> gets ignored and "
3718 "the tracee continues to run."
3722 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:876
3724 "The B<SIGCONT> signal has a side effect of waking up (all threads of) a "
3725 "group-stopped process. This side effect happens before signal-delivery-"
3726 "stop. The tracer can't suppress this side effect (it can only suppress "
3727 "signal injection, which only causes the B<SIGCONT> handler to not be "
3728 "executed in the tracee, if such a handler is installed). In fact, waking up "
3729 "from group-stop may be followed by signal-delivery-stop for signal(s) "
3730 "I<other than> B<SIGCONT>, if they were pending when B<SIGCONT> was "
3731 "delivered. In other words, B<SIGCONT> may be not the first signal observed "
3732 "by the tracee after it was sent."
3736 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:880
3738 "Stopping signals cause (all threads of) a process to enter group-stop. This "
3739 "side effect happens after signal injection, and therefore can be suppressed "
3744 #. In the Linux 2.4 sources, in arch/i386/kernel/signal.c::do_signal(),
3746 #. /* The debugger continued. Ignore SIGSTOP. */
3747 #. if (signr == SIGSTOP)
3750 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:890
3751 msgid "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, the B<SIGSTOP> signal can't be injected."
3755 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:907
3757 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> can be used to retrieve a I<siginfo_t> structure which "
3758 "corresponds to the delivered signal. B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> may be used to "
3759 "modify it. If B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> has been used to alter I<siginfo_t>, the "
3760 "I<si_signo> field and the I<sig> parameter in the restarting command must "
3761 "match, otherwise the result is undefined."
3765 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:907
3771 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:919
3773 "When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives a stopping signal, all "
3774 "threads stop. If some threads are traced, they enter a group-stop. Note "
3775 "that the stopping signal will first cause signal-delivery-stop (on one "
3776 "tracee only), and only after it is injected by the tracer (or after it was "
3777 "dispatched to a thread which isn't traced), will group-stop be initiated on "
3778 "I<all> tracees within the multithreaded process. As usual, every tracee "
3779 "reports its group-stop separately to the corresponding tracer."
3783 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:928
3785 "Group-stop is observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning with "
3786 "I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, with the stopping signal available via I<WSTOPSIG"
3787 "(status)>. The same result is returned by some other classes of ptrace-"
3788 "stops, therefore the recommended practice is to perform the call"
3792 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:930
3794 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo)\n"
3798 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:951
3800 "The call can be avoided if the signal is not B<SIGSTOP>, B<SIGTSTP>, "
3801 "B<SIGTTIN>, or B<SIGTTOU>; only these four signals are stopping signals. If "
3802 "the tracer sees something else, it can't be a group-stop. Otherwise, the "
3803 "tracer needs to call B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO>. If B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> fails "
3804 "with B<EINVAL>, then it is definitely a group-stop. (Other failure codes "
3805 "are possible, such as B<ESRCH> (\"no such process\") if a B<SIGKILL> killed "
3810 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:960
3812 "As of kernel 2.6.38, after the tracer sees the tracee ptrace-stop and until "
3813 "it restarts or kills it, the tracee will not run, and will not send "
3814 "notifications (except B<SIGKILL> death) to the tracer, even if the tracer "
3815 "enters into another B<waitpid>(2) call."
3819 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:974
3821 "The kernel behavior described in the previous paragraph causes a problem "
3822 "with transparent handling of stopping signals. If the tracer restarts the "
3823 "tracee after group-stop, the stopping signal is effectively ignored\\(emthe "
3824 "tracee doesn't remain stopped, it runs. If the tracer doesn't restart the "
3825 "tracee before entering into the next B<waitpid>(2), future B<SIGCONT> "
3826 "signals will not be reported to the tracer; this would cause the B<SIGCONT> "
3827 "signals to have no effect on the tracee."
3831 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:974
3833 msgid "PTRACE_EVENT stops"
3837 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:980
3839 "If the tracer sets B<PTRACE_O_TRACE_*> options, the tracee will enter ptrace-"
3840 "stops called B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops."
3844 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:994
3846 "B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops are observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning "
3847 "with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)>, and I<WSTOPSIG(status)> returns B<SIGTRAP>. An "
3848 "additional bit is set in the higher byte of the status word: the value "
3849 "I<statusE<gt>E<gt>8> will be"
3853 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:996
3855 msgid " (SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_foo E<lt>E<lt> 8).\n"
3859 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:998
3860 msgid "The following events exist:"
3864 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:998
3866 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>"
3867 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>"
3870 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1011
3872 "Stop before return from B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> "
3873 "flag. When the tracee is continued after this stop, it will wait for child "
3874 "to exit/exec before continuing its execution (in other words, the usual "
3875 "behavior on B<vfork>(2))."
3879 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1011
3881 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
3882 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
3885 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1019
3887 "Stop before return from B<fork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set "
3892 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1019
3894 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
3895 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
3898 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1023
3899 msgid "Stop before return from B<clone>(2)."
3903 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1023
3905 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>"
3906 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>"
3909 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1033
3911 "Stop before return from B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> "
3912 "flag, but after the child unblocked this tracee by exiting or execing."
3916 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1039
3918 "For all four stops described above, the stop occurs in the parent (i.e., the "
3919 "tracee), not in the newly created thread. B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> can be used "
3920 "to retrieve the new thread's ID."
3924 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1039
3926 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC>"
3927 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC>"
3930 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1046
3932 "Stop before return from B<execve>(2). Since Linux 3.0, "
3933 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> returns the former thread ID."
3937 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1046
3939 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>"
3940 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>"
3943 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1062
3945 "Stop before exit (including death from B<exit_group>(2)), signal death, or "
3946 "exit caused by B<execve>(2) in a multithreaded process. "
3947 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> returns the exit status. Registers can be examined "
3948 "(unlike when \"real\" exit happens). The tracee is still alive; it needs to "
3949 "be B<PTRACE_CONT>ed or B<PTRACE_DETACH>ed to finish exiting."
3953 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1074
3955 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> on B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops returns B<SIGTRAP> in "
3956 "I<si_signo>, with I<si_code> set to I<(eventE<lt>E<lt>8)\\ |\\ SIGTRAP>."
3960 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1074
3962 msgid "Syscall-stops"
3966 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1087
3968 "If the tracee was restarted by B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, the tracee enters syscall-"
3969 "enter-stop just prior to entering any system call. If the tracer restarts "
3970 "the tracee with B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, the tracee enters syscall-exit-stop when "
3971 "the system call is finished, or if it is interrupted by a signal. (That is, "
3972 "signal-delivery-stop never happens between syscall-enter-stop and syscall-"
3973 "exit-stop; it happens I<after> syscall-exit-stop.)"
3977 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1101
3979 "Other possibilities are that the tracee may stop in a B<PTRACE_EVENT> stop, "
3980 "exit (if it entered B<_exit>(2) or B<exit_group>(2)), be killed by "
3981 "B<SIGKILL>, or die silently (if it is a thread group leader, the B<execve>"
3982 "(2) happened in another thread, and that thread is not traced by the same "
3983 "tracer; this situation is discussed later)."
3987 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1116
3989 "Syscall-enter-stop and syscall-exit-stop are observed by the tracer as "
3990 "B<waitpid>(2) returning with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, and I<WSTOPSIG"
3991 "(status)> giving B<SIGTRAP>. If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> option was set "
3992 "by the tracer, then I<WSTOPSIG(status)> will give the value I<(SIGTRAP\\ |\\ "
3997 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1122
3999 "Syscall-stops can be distinguished from signal-delivery-stop with B<SIGTRAP> "
4000 "by querying B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for the following cases:"
4004 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1122
4006 msgid "I<si_code> E<lt>= 0"
4010 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1134
4012 "B<SIGTRAP> was delivered as a result of a userspace action, for example, a "
4013 "system call (B<tgkill>(2), B<kill>(2), B<sigqueue>(3), etc.), expiration of "
4014 "a POSIX timer, change of state on a POSIX message queue, or completion of an "
4015 "asynchronous I/O request."
4019 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1134
4021 msgid "I<si_code> == SI_KERNEL (0x80)"
4025 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1138
4026 msgid "B<SIGTRAP> was sent by the kernel."
4030 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1138
4032 msgid "I<si_code> == SIGTRAP or I<si_code> == (SIGTRAP|0x80)"
4036 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1141
4037 msgid "This is a syscall-stop."
4041 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1146
4043 "However, syscall-stops happen very often (twice per system call), and "
4044 "performing B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for every syscall-stop may be somewhat "
4049 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1169
4051 "Some architectures allow the cases to be distinguished by examining "
4052 "registers. For example, on x86, I<rax> == -B<ENOSYS> in syscall-enter-"
4053 "stop. Since B<SIGTRAP> (like any other signal) always happens I<after> "
4054 "syscall-exit-stop, and at this point I<rax> almost never contains -"
4055 "B<ENOSYS>, the B<SIGTRAP> looks like \"syscall-stop which is not syscall-"
4056 "enter-stop\"; in other words, it looks like a \"stray syscall-exit-stop\" "
4057 "and can be detected this way. But such detection is fragile and is best "
4062 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1175
4064 "Using the B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> option is the recommended method to "
4065 "distinguish syscall-stops from other kinds of ptrace-stops, since it is "
4066 "reliable and does not incur a performance penalty."
4070 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1186
4072 "Syscall-enter-stop and syscall-exit-stop are indistinguishable from each "
4073 "other by the tracer. The tracer needs to keep track of the sequence of "
4074 "ptrace-stops in order to not misinterpret syscall-enter-stop as syscall-exit-"
4075 "stop or vice versa. The rule is that syscall-enter-stop is always followed "
4076 "by syscall-exit-stop, B<PTRACE_EVENT> stop or the tracee's death; no other "
4077 "kinds of ptrace-stop can occur in between."
4081 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1191
4083 "If after syscall-enter-stop, the tracer uses a restarting command other than "
4084 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, syscall-exit-stop is not generated."
4088 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1203
4090 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> on syscall-stops returns B<SIGTRAP> in I<si_signo>, "
4091 "with I<si_code> set to B<SIGTRAP> or I<(SIGTRAP|0x80)>."
4095 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1203
4097 msgid "PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, PTRACE_SYSEMU, PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP stops"
4102 #. document stops occurring with PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, PTRACE_SYSEMU,
4103 #. PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP
4105 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1209
4106 msgid "[Details of these kinds of stops are yet to be documented.]"
4110 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1209
4112 msgid "Informational and restarting ptrace commands"
4116 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1217
4118 "Most ptrace commands (all except B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, and "
4119 "B<PTRACE_KILL>) require the tracee to be in a ptrace-stop, otherwise they "
4120 "fail with B<ESRCH>."
4124 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1222
4126 "When the tracee is in ptrace-stop, the tracer can read and write data to the "
4127 "tracee using informational commands. These commands leave the tracee in "
4128 "ptrace-stopped state:"
4132 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1232
4135 " ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKTEXT/PEEKDATA/PEEKUSER, pid, addr, 0);\n"
4136 " ptrace(PTRACE_POKETEXT/POKEDATA/POKEUSER, pid, addr, long_val);\n"
4137 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS/GETFPREGS, pid, 0, &struct);\n"
4138 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGS/SETFPREGS, pid, 0, &struct);\n"
4139 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo);\n"
4140 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo);\n"
4141 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG, pid, 0, &long_var);\n"
4142 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETOPTIONS, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
4146 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1244
4148 "Note that some errors are not reported. For example, setting signal "
4149 "information (I<siginfo>) may have no effect in some ptrace-stops, yet the "
4150 "call may succeed (return 0 and not set I<errno>); querying "
4151 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> may succeed and return some random value if current "
4152 "ptrace-stop is not documented as returning a meaningful event message."
4156 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1246
4161 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1248
4163 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_SETOPTIONS, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
4167 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1257
4169 "affects one tracee. The tracee's current flags are replaced. Flags are "
4170 "inherited by new tracees created and \"auto-attached\" via active "
4171 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK>, B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK>, or B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> "
4176 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1260
4178 "Another group of commands makes the ptrace-stopped tracee run. They have "
4183 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1262
4185 msgid " ptrace(cmd, pid, 0, sig);\n"
4189 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1282
4191 "where I<cmd> is B<PTRACE_CONT>, B<PTRACE_DETACH>, B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, "
4192 "B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, or B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>. If "
4193 "the tracee is in signal-delivery-stop, I<sig> is the signal to be injected "
4194 "(if it is nonzero). Otherwise, I<sig> may be ignored. (When restarting a "
4195 "tracee from a ptrace-stop other than signal-delivery-stop, recommended "
4196 "practice is to always pass 0 in I<sig>.)"
4200 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1282
4202 msgid "Attaching and detaching"
4206 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1284
4207 msgid "A thread can be attached to the tracer using the call"
4211 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1286
4213 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, 0, 0);\n"
4217 #. FIXME: Describe how to attach to a thread which is already
4220 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1310
4222 "This also sends B<SIGSTOP> to this thread. If the tracer wants this "
4223 "B<SIGSTOP> to have no effect, it needs to suppress it. Note that if other "
4224 "signals are concurrently sent to this thread during attach, the tracer may "
4225 "see the tracee enter signal-delivery-stop with other signal(s) first! The "
4226 "usual practice is to reinject these signals until B<SIGSTOP> is seen, then "
4227 "suppress B<SIGSTOP> injection. The design bug here is that a ptrace attach "
4228 "and a concurrently delivered B<SIGSTOP> may race and the concurrent "
4229 "B<SIGSTOP> may be lost."
4233 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1317
4235 "Since attaching sends B<SIGSTOP> and the tracer usually suppresses it, this "
4236 "may cause a stray B<EINTR> return from the currently executing system call "
4237 "in the tracee, as described in the \"Signal injection and suppression\" "
4242 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1319
4247 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1321
4249 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_TRACEME, 0, 0, 0);\n"
4253 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1327
4255 "turns the calling thread into a tracee. The thread continues to run "
4256 "(doesn't enter ptrace-stop). A common practice is to follow the "
4257 "B<PTRACE_TRACEME> with"
4261 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1329
4263 msgid " raise(SIGSTOP);\n"
4267 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1332
4269 "and allow the parent (which is our tracer now) to observe our signal-"
4274 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1356
4276 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK>, B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK>, or "
4277 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> options are in effect, then children created by, "
4278 "respectively, B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, "
4279 "B<fork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set to B<SIGCHLD>, and "
4280 "other kinds of B<clone>(2), are automatically attached to the same tracer "
4281 "which traced their parent. B<SIGSTOP> is delivered to the children, causing "
4282 "them to enter signal-delivery-stop after they exit the system call which "
4287 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1358
4288 msgid "Detaching of the tracee is performed by:"
4292 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1360
4294 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0, sig);\n"
4298 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1368
4300 "B<PTRACE_DETACH> is a restarting operation; therefore it requires the tracee "
4301 "to be in ptrace-stop. If the tracee is in signal-delivery-stop, a signal "
4302 "can be injected. Otherwise, the I<sig> parameter may be silently ignored."
4305 #. FIXME: Describe how to detach from a group-stopped tracee so that it
4306 #. doesn't run, but continues to wait for SIGCONT.
4308 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1392
4310 "If the tracee is running when the tracer wants to detach it, the usual "
4311 "solution is to send B<SIGSTOP> (using B<tgkill>(2), to make sure it goes to "
4312 "the correct thread), wait for the tracee to stop in signal-delivery-stop for "
4313 "B<SIGSTOP> and then detach it (suppressing B<SIGSTOP> injection). A design "
4314 "bug is that this can race with concurrent B<SIGSTOP>s. Another complication "
4315 "is that the tracee may enter other ptrace-stops and needs to be restarted "
4316 "and waited for again, until B<SIGSTOP> is seen. Yet another complication is "
4317 "to be sure that the tracee is not already ptrace-stopped, because no signal "
4318 "delivery happens while it is\\(emnot even B<SIGSTOP>."
4322 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1400
4324 "If the tracer dies, all tracees are automatically detached and restarted, "
4325 "unless they were in group-stop. Handling of restart from group-stop is "
4326 "currently buggy, but the \"as planned\" behavior is to leave tracee stopped "
4327 "and waiting for B<SIGCONT>. If the tracee is restarted from signal-delivery-"
4328 "stop, the pending signal is injected."
4332 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1400
4334 msgid "execve(2) under ptrace"
4338 #. clone(2) THREAD_CLONE says:
4339 #. If any of the threads in a thread group performs an execve(2),
4340 #. then all threads other than the thread group leader are terminated,
4341 #. and the new program is executed in the thread group leader.
4342 #. In kernel 3.1 sources, see fs/exec.c::de_thread()
4344 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1419
4346 "When one thread in a multithreaded process calls B<execve>(2), the kernel "
4347 "destroys all other threads in the process, and resets the thread ID of the "
4348 "execing thread to the thread group ID (process ID). (Or, to put things "
4349 "another way, when a multithreaded process does an B<execve>(2), at "
4350 "completion of the call, it appears as though the B<execve>(2) occurred in "
4351 "the thread group leader, regardless of which thread did the B<execve>(2).) "
4352 "This resetting of the thread ID looks very confusing to tracers:"
4356 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1419 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1429
4357 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1437 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1443
4358 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1572
4364 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1429
4366 "All other threads stop in B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop, if the "
4367 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> option was turned on. Then all other threads except "
4368 "the thread group leader report death as if they exited via B<_exit>(2) with "
4373 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1437
4375 "The execing tracee changes its thread ID while it is in the B<execve>(2). "
4376 "(Remember, under ptrace, the \"pid\" returned from B<waitpid>(2), or fed "
4377 "into ptrace calls, is the tracee's thread ID.) That is, the tracee's thread "
4378 "ID is reset to be the same as its process ID, which is the same as the "
4379 "thread group leader's thread ID."
4383 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1443
4385 "Then a B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop happens, if the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> "
4386 "option was turned on."
4390 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1464
4392 "If the thread group leader has reported its B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop by "
4393 "this time, it appears to the tracer that the dead thread leader \"reappears "
4394 "from nowhere\". (Note: the thread group leader does not report death via "
4395 "I<WIFEXITED(status)> until there is at least one other live thread. This "
4396 "eliminates the possibility that the tracer will see it dying and then "
4397 "reappearing.) If the thread group leader was still alive, for the tracer "
4398 "this may look as if thread group leader returns from a different system call "
4399 "than it entered, or even \"returned from a system call even though it was "
4400 "not in any system call\". If the thread group leader was not traced (or was "
4401 "traced by a different tracer), then during B<execve>(2) it will appear as "
4402 "if it has become a tracee of the tracer of the execing tracee."
4406 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1467
4408 "All of the above effects are the artifacts of the thread ID change in the "
4413 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1487
4415 "The B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is the recommended tool for dealing with "
4416 "this situation. First, it enables B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop, which occurs "
4417 "before B<execve>(2) returns. In this stop, the tracer can use "
4418 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> to retrieve the tracee's former thread ID. (This "
4419 "feature was introduced in Linux 3.0). Second, the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> "
4420 "option disables legacy B<SIGTRAP> generation on B<execve>(2)."
4424 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1493
4426 "When the tracer receives B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop notification, it is "
4427 "guaranteed that except this tracee and the thread group leader, no other "
4428 "threads from the process are alive."
4432 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1501
4434 "On receiving the B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop notification, the tracer should "
4435 "clean up all its internal data structures describing the threads of this "
4436 "process, and retain only one data structure\\(emone which describes the "
4437 "single still running tracee, with"
4441 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1503
4443 msgid " thread ID == thread group ID == process ID.\n"
4447 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1507
4448 msgid "Example: two threads call B<execve>(2) at the same time:"
4452 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1518
4455 "*** we get syscall-enter-stop in thread 1: **\n"
4456 "PID1 execve(\"/bin/foo\", \"foo\" E<lt>unfinished ...E<gt>\n"
4457 "*** we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL for thread 1 **\n"
4458 "*** we get syscall-enter-stop in thread 2: **\n"
4459 "PID2 execve(\"/bin/bar\", \"bar\" E<lt>unfinished ...E<gt>\n"
4460 "*** we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL for thread 2 **\n"
4461 "*** we get PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC for PID0, we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL **\n"
4462 "*** we get syscall-exit-stop for PID0: **\n"
4463 "PID0 E<lt>... execve resumedE<gt> ) = 0\n"
4467 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1541
4469 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is I<not> in effect for the execing "
4470 "tracee, the kernel delivers an extra B<SIGTRAP> to the tracee after B<execve>"
4471 "(2) returns. This is an ordinary signal (similar to one which can be "
4472 "generated by I<kill -TRAP>), not a special kind of ptrace-stop. Employing "
4473 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for this signal returns I<si_code> set to 0 "
4474 "(I<SI_USER>). This signal may be blocked by signal mask, and thus may be "
4475 "delivered (much) later."
4479 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1560
4481 "Usually, the tracer (for example, B<strace>(1)) would not want to show this "
4482 "extra post-execve B<SIGTRAP> signal to the user, and would suppress its "
4483 "delivery to the tracee (if B<SIGTRAP> is set to B<SIG_DFL>, it is a killing "
4484 "signal). However, determining I<which> B<SIGTRAP> to suppress is not easy. "
4485 "Setting the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option and thus suppressing this extra "
4486 "B<SIGTRAP> is the recommended approach."
4490 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1560
4496 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1567
4498 "The ptrace API (ab)uses the standard UNIX parent/child signaling over "
4499 "B<waitpid>(2). This used to cause the real parent of the process to stop "
4500 "receiving several kinds of B<waitpid>(2) notifications when the child "
4501 "process is traced by some other process."
4505 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1570
4507 "Many of these bugs have been fixed, but as of Linux 2.6.38 several still "
4508 "exist; see BUGS below."
4512 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1572
4513 msgid "As of Linux 2.6.38, the following is believed to work correctly:"
4517 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1580
4519 "exit/death by signal is reported first to the tracer, then, when the tracer "
4520 "consumes the B<waitpid>(2) result, to the real parent (to the real parent "
4521 "only when the whole multithreaded process exits). If the tracer and the "
4522 "real parent are the same process, the report is sent only once."
4526 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1594
4529 #| "On success, B<PTRACE_PEEK*> requests return the requested data, while "
4530 #| "other requests return zero. On error, all requests return -1, and "
4531 #| "I<errno> is set appropriately. Since the value returned by a successful "
4532 #| "B<PTRACE_PEEK*> request may be -1, the caller must check I<errno> after "
4533 #| "such requests to determine whether or not an error occurred."
4535 "On success, B<PTRACE_PEEK*> requests return the requested data, while other "
4536 "requests return zero. On error, all requests return -1, and I<errno> is set "
4537 "appropriately. Since the value returned by a successful B<PTRACE_PEEK*> "
4538 "request may be -1, the caller must clear I<errno> before the call, and then "
4539 "check it afterward to determine whether or not an error occurred."
4541 "成功すると、 B<PTRACE_PEEK*> の場合は要求したデータを返し、 それ以外の場合は "
4542 "0 を返す。 エラーの場合は -1 を返し、 I<errno> が適切に設定される。 "
4543 "B<PTRACE_PEEK*> が成功して返す値も -1 になることがあるため、 そのような要求"
4544 "の場合には、呼び出し元は I<errno> を調べ、エラーか発生したのかどうかを判断し"
4548 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1598
4550 "(i386 only) There was an error with allocating or freeing a debug register."
4551 msgstr "(i386 のみ) デバッグレジスタの確保または解放でエラーが発生した。"
4554 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1609
4557 #| "There was an attempt to read from or write to an invalid area in the "
4558 #| "parent's or child's memory, probably because the area wasn't mapped or "
4559 #| "accessible. Unfortunately, under Linux, different variations of this "
4560 #| "fault will return B<EIO> or B<EFAULT> more or less arbitrarily."
4562 "There was an attempt to read from or write to an invalid area in the "
4563 "tracer's or the tracee's memory, probably because the area wasn't mapped or "
4564 "accessible. Unfortunately, under Linux, different variations of this fault "
4565 "will return B<EIO> or B<EFAULT> more or less arbitrarily."
4567 "親プロセスまたは子プロセスのメモリの不正な領域に読み書きしようとした。 おそら"
4568 "くその領域がマッピングされていないか、 その領域へのアクセスが許されていないか"
4569 "である。 不運なことに、Linux ではこのようなエラーの場合、多かれ少なかれ 恣意"
4570 "的に B<EIO> を返したり B<EFAULT> を返したりすることがある。"
4573 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1612
4574 msgid "An attempt was made to set an invalid option."
4575 msgstr "不正なオプションを設定しようとした。"
4578 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1619
4581 #| "I<request> is invalid, or an attempt was made to read from or write to an "
4582 #| "invalid area in the parent's or child's memory, or there was a word-"
4583 #| "alignment violation, or an invalid signal was specified during a restart "
4586 "I<request> is invalid, or an attempt was made to read from or write to an "
4587 "invalid area in the tracer's or the tracee's memory, or there was a word-"
4588 "alignment violation, or an invalid signal was specified during a restart "
4591 "I<request> が不正である。 または、親プロセスまたは子プロセスのメモリの 不正な"
4592 "領域に読み書きしようとした。 または、ワード境界違反があった。 または、実行再"
4593 "開の要求で不正なシグナルを指定した。"
4596 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1632
4599 #| "The specified process cannot be traced. This could be because the parent "
4600 #| "has insufficient privileges (the required capability is "
4601 #| "B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>); unprivileged processes cannot trace processes that "
4602 #| "they cannot send signals to or those running set-user-ID/set-group-ID "
4603 #| "programs, for obvious reasons. Alternatively, the process may already be "
4604 #| "being traced, or be B<init>(8) (PID 1)."
4606 "The specified process cannot be traced. This could be because the tracer "
4607 "has insufficient privileges (the required capability is B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>); "
4608 "unprivileged processes cannot trace processes that they cannot send signals "
4609 "to or those running set-user-ID/set-group-ID programs, for obvious reasons. "
4610 "Alternatively, the process may already be being traced, or (on kernels "
4611 "before 2.6.26) be B<init>(8) (PID 1)."
4613 "指定したプロセスをトレースすることができない。これは親プロセスが 必要な権限 "
4614 "(必要なケーパビリティは B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>) を持っていないことが原因の場合が"
4615 "ある。 分かりやすい理由を挙げるなら、 非特権プロセスはシグナルを送ることがで"
4616 "きないプロセスをトレースできないし、 set-user-ID/set-group-ID プログラムを実"
4617 "行しているプロセスはトレースできない。 または、プロセスはすでにトレース中であ"
4618 "る、 または B<init>(8) プロセス (PID が 1) である。"
4621 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1637
4624 #| "The specified process does not exist, or is not currently being traced by "
4625 #| "the caller, or is not stopped (for requests that require that)."
4627 "The specified process does not exist, or is not currently being traced by "
4628 "the caller, or is not stopped (for requests that require a stopped tracee)."
4630 "指定したプロセスが存在しない。 または、指定したプロセスは呼び出したプロセス"
4631 "が 現在トレース中の子プロセスではない。 または、指定したプロセスが停止してい"
4632 "ない (停止していることが必要な要求の場合)。"
4635 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1639
4636 msgid "SVr4, 4.3BSD."
4637 msgstr "SVr4, 4.3BSD."
4640 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1652
4642 "Although arguments to B<ptrace>() are interpreted according to the "
4643 "prototype given, glibc currently declares B<ptrace>() as a variadic "
4644 "function with only the I<request> argument fixed. This means that unneeded "
4645 "trailing arguments may be omitted, though doing so makes use of undocumented "
4646 "B<gcc>(1) behavior."
4648 "B<ptrace>() の引き数は上のようなプロトタイプに基づいて解釈されるが、 glibc "
4649 "では、現在のところ B<ptrace>() は I<request> 引き数だけが固定の可変長引き数"
4650 "関数として 宣言されている。 これは必要なければ残りの引き数は省略可能であるこ"
4651 "とを意味するが、 それは B<gcc>(1) の明文化されていない動作を利用していること"
4654 #. See commit 00cd5c37afd5f431ac186dd131705048c0a11fdb
4656 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1657
4658 #| msgid "B<init>(8), the process with PID 1, may not be traced."
4660 "In Linux kernels before 2.6.26, B<init>(8), the process with PID 1, may not "
4662 msgstr "B<init>(8) すなわち PID が 1 のプロセスはトレースすることができない。"
4664 #. See http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/5/8/375
4666 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1664
4669 #| "The layout of the contents of memory and the USER area are quite OS- and "
4670 #| "architecture-specific. The offset supplied, and the data returned, might "
4671 #| "not entirely match with the definition of I<struct user>."
4673 "The layout of the contents of memory and the USER area are quite operating-"
4674 "system- and architecture-specific. The offset supplied, and the data "
4675 "returned, might not entirely match with the definition of I<struct user>."
4677 "メモリや USER 領域の内容や配置は OS ごと、アーキテクチャごとに 非常に依存す"
4678 "る。 オフセットが指定された場合、返されるデータは I<struct user> の定義と完全"
4682 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1667
4685 #| "The size of a \"word\" is determined by the OS variant (e.g., for 32-bit "
4686 #| "Linux it is 32 bits, etc.)."
4688 "The size of a \"word\" is determined by the operating-system variant (e.g., "
4689 "for 32-bit Linux it is 32 bits, etc.)."
4691 "「ワード (word) 」の大きさは OS によって決まる。 (例えば、32 ビットの Linux "
4695 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1675
4698 #| "This page documents the way the B<ptrace>() call works currently in "
4699 #| "Linux. Its behavior differs noticeably on other flavors of UNIX. In any "
4700 #| "case, use of B<ptrace>() is highly OS- and architecture-specific."
4702 "This page documents the way the B<ptrace>() call works currently in Linux. "
4703 "Its behavior differs noticeably on other flavors of UNIX. In any case, use "
4704 "of B<ptrace>() is highly specific to the operating system and architecture."
4706 "このマニュアルは現在の Linux における B<ptrace>() コールの動作について記述し"
4707 "ている。他の UNIX では その動作は著しく異なる。 いかなる場合も B<ptrace>() "
4708 "を使うと OS やアーキテクチャに非常に依存したものになる。"
4711 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1686
4714 #| "On hosts with 2.6 kernel headers, B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> is declared with a "
4715 #| "different value than the one for 2.4. This leads to applications "
4716 #| "compiled with such headers failing when run on 2.4 kernels. This can be "
4717 #| "worked around by redefining B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> to "
4718 #| "B<PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS>, if that is defined."
4720 "On hosts with 2.6 kernel headers, B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> is declared with a "
4721 "different value than the one for 2.4. This leads to applications compiled "
4722 "with 2.6 kernel headers failing when run on 2.4 kernels. This can be worked "
4723 "around by redefining B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> to B<PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS>, if "
4726 "カーネル 2.6 のヘッダがインストールされたホストでは、 B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> は"
4727 "カーネル 2.4 のヘッダとは異なる値で宣言される。 このため、カーネル 2.6 のヘッ"
4728 "ダでコンパイルされたアプリケーションは カーネル 2.4 では正しく動作しない。 こ"
4729 "の問題は、 B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> が定義されていた際は、 B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> "
4730 "を B<PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS> に定義し直すことで対処できる。"
4733 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1689
4735 "Group-stop notifications are sent to the tracer, but not to real parent. "
4736 "Last confirmed on 2.6.38.6."
4739 #. Note from Denys Vlasenko:
4740 #. Here "exits" means any kind of death - _exit, exit_group,
4741 #. signal death. Signal death and exit_group cases are trivial,
4742 #. though: since signal death and exit_group kill all other threads
4743 #. too, "until all other threads exit" thing happens rather soon
4744 #. in these cases. Therefore, only _exit presents observably
4745 #. puzzling behavior to ptrace users: thread leader _exit's,
4746 #. but WIFEXITED isn't reported! We are trying to explain here
4748 #. FIXME: ^^^ need to test/verify this scenario
4750 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1720
4752 "If a thread group leader is traced and exits by calling B<_exit>(2), a "
4753 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop will happen for it (if requested), but the "
4754 "subsequent B<WIFEXITED> notification will not be delivered until all other "
4755 "threads exit. As explained above, if one of other threads calls B<execve>"
4756 "(2), the death of the thread group leader will I<never> be reported. If the "
4757 "execed thread is not traced by this tracer, the tracer will never know that "
4758 "B<execve>(2) happened. One possible workaround is to B<PTRACE_DETACH> the "
4759 "thread group leader instead of restarting it in this case. Last confirmed "
4764 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1730
4766 "A B<SIGKILL> signal may still cause a B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop before "
4767 "actual signal death. This may be changed in the future; B<SIGKILL> is meant "
4768 "to always immediately kill tasks even under ptrace. Last confirmed on "
4773 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1746
4775 "Some system calls return with B<EINTR> if a signal was sent to a tracee, but "
4776 "delivery was suppressed by the tracer. (This is very typical operation: it "
4777 "is usually done by debuggers on every attach, in order to not introduce a "
4778 "bogus B<SIGSTOP>). As of Linux 3.2.9, the following system calls are "
4779 "affected (this list is likely incomplete): B<epoll_wait>(2), and B<read>(2) "
4780 "from an B<inotify>(7) file descriptor."
4784 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1760
4786 "B<gdb>(1), B<strace>(1), B<clone>(2), B<execve>(2), B<fork>(2), B<gettid>"
4787 "(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<tgkill>(2), B<vfork>(2), B<waitpid>(2), B<exec>(3), "
4788 "B<capabilities>(7), B<signal>(7)"
4790 "B<gdb>(1), B<strace>(1), B<clone>(2), B<execve>(2), B<fork>(2),\n"
4791 "B<gettid>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<tgkill>(2), B<vfork>(2),\n"
4792 "B<waitpid>(2), B<exec>(3), B<capabilities>(7), B<signal>(7)"
4795 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:25
4801 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:25
4807 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:28
4808 msgid "quotactl - manipulate disk quotas"
4809 msgstr "quotactl - ディスク quota を操作する"
4812 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:32
4815 "B<#include E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>\n"
4816 "B<#include E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>\n"
4818 "B<#include E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>\n"
4819 "B<#include E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>\n"
4822 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:35
4824 msgid "B<int quotactl(int >I<cmd>B<, const char *>I<special>B<, int >I<id>B<, caddr_t >I<addr>B<);>\n"
4825 msgstr "B<int quotactl(int >I<cmd>B<, const char *>I<special>B<, int >I<id>B<, caddr_t >I<addr>B<);>\n"
4828 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:47
4831 #| "The quota system defines for each user and/or group a soft limit and a "
4832 #| "hard limit bounding the amount of disk space that can be used on a given "
4833 #| "file system. The hard limit cannot be crossed. The soft limit can be "
4834 #| "crossed, but warnings will ensue. Moreover, the user cannot be above the "
4835 #| "soft limit for more than one week (by default) at a time: after this "
4836 #| "week the soft limit counts as hard limit."
4838 "The quota system can be used to set per-user and per-group limits on the "
4839 "amount of disk space used on a file system. For each user and/or group, a "
4840 "soft limit and a hard limit can be set for each file system. The hard limit "
4841 "can't be exceeded. The soft limit can be exceeded, but warnings will "
4842 "ensue. Moreover, the user can't exceed the soft limit for more than one "
4843 "week (by default) at a time; after this time, the soft limit counts as a "
4846 "quota システムは、各々のユーザ及び/またはグループに対して、 ソフト・リミット"
4847 "及びハード・リミットを定める。これはあるファイル・システムで 使用する事が出来"
4848 "るディスク容量を制限する。 ハード・リミットは超過することは出来ない。 ソフ"
4849 "ト・リミットは超過する事が出来るが、警告が発せられる。 更に、(デフォルトで"
4850 "は) 一週間以上ソフト・リミットを超過したままに しておく事はできない: 一週間経"
4851 "過した後はハード・リミットを超過したと みなされる。"
4854 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:72
4857 #| "The B<quotactl>() system call manipulates these quota. Its first "
4858 #| "argument is of the form B<QCMD(>I<subcmd>B<,>I<type>B<)> where I<type> is "
4859 #| "either B<USRQUOTA> or B<GRPQUOTA> (for user quota and group quota, "
4860 #| "respectively), and I<subcmd> is described below."
4862 "The B<quotactl>() call manipulates disk quotas. The I<cmd> argument "
4863 "indicates a command to be applied to the user or group ID specified in "
4864 "I<id>. To initialize the I<cmd> argument, use the I<QCMD(subcmd, type)> "
4865 "macro. The I<type> value is either B<USRQUOTA>, for user quotas, or "
4866 "B<GRPQUOTA>, for group quotas. The I<subcmd> value is described below."
4868 "B<quotactl>() システムコールはこれらの quota に対する操作を行なう。 最初の引"
4869 "き数は B<QCMD(>I<subcmd>B<,>I<type>B<)> という形式である。 I<type> には、ユー"
4870 "ザー quota については B<USRQUOTA> を、グループ quota については B<GRPQUOTA> "
4871 "を指定する。 I<subcmd> は以下で説明する。"
4874 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:77
4876 "The I<special> argument is a pointer to a null-terminated string containing "
4877 "the pathname of the (mounted) block special device for the file system being "
4882 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:85
4884 "The I<addr> argument is the address of an optional, command-specific, data "
4885 "structure that is copied in or out of the system. The interpretation of "
4886 "I<addr> is given with each command below."
4890 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:89
4891 msgid "The I<subcmd> value is one of the following:"
4892 msgstr "I<subcmd> の値は以下のいずれかである"
4895 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:89
4897 msgid "B<Q_QUOTAON>"
4898 msgstr "B<Q_QUOTAON>"
4901 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:96
4903 "Turn on quotas for a file system. The I<id> argument is the identification "
4904 "number of the quota format to be used. Currently, there are three supported "
4909 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:97
4911 msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_OLD>"
4915 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:100
4916 msgid "The original quota format."
4920 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:100
4922 msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_V0>"
4926 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:104
4928 "The standard VFS v0 quota format, which can handle 32-bit UIDs and GIDs and "
4929 "quota limits up to 2^42 bytes and 2^32 inodes."
4933 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:104
4935 msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_V1>"
4939 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:108
4941 "A quota format that can handle 32-bit UIDs and GIDs and quota limits of 2^64 "
4942 "bytes and 2^64 inodes."
4946 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:119
4948 "The I<addr> argument points to the pathname of a file containing the quotas "
4949 "for the file system. The quota file must exist; it is normally created with "
4950 "the B<quotacheck>(8) program. This operation requires privilege "
4951 "(B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
4955 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:119
4957 msgid "B<Q_QUOTAOFF>"
4958 msgstr "B<Q_QUOTAOFF>"
4961 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:129
4963 "Turn off quotas for a file system. The I<addr> and I<id> arguments are "
4964 "ignored. This operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
4968 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:129
4970 msgid "B<Q_GETQUOTA>"
4971 msgstr "B<Q_GETQUOTA>"
4974 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:140
4977 #| "Get limits and current usage of disk space. The I<addr> argument is a "
4978 #| "pointer to a dqblk structure (defined in I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>)."
4980 "Get disk quota limits and current usage for user or group I<id>. The "
4981 "I<addr> argument is a pointer to a I<dqblk> structure defined in I<E<lt>sys/"
4982 "quota.hE<gt>> as follows:"
4984 "ディスク使用量の制限値と現在の使用量を得る。 I<addr> 引き数は (I<E<lt>sys/"
4985 "quota.hE<gt>> で定義された) dqblk 構造体を指すポインタである。"
4988 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:145 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:232
4991 "/* uint64_t is an unsigned 64-bit integer;\n"
4992 " uint32_t is an unsigned 32-bit integer */\n"
4996 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:165
4999 "struct dqblk { /* Definition since Linux 2.4.22 */\n"
5000 " uint64_t dqb_bhardlimit; /* absolute limit on disk\n"
5001 " quota blocks alloc */\n"
5002 " uint64_t dqb_bsoftlimit; /* preferred limit on\n"
5003 " disk quota blocks */\n"
5004 " uint64_t dqb_curspace; /* current quota block\n"
5006 " uint64_t dqb_ihardlimit; /* maximum number of\n"
5007 " allocated inodes */\n"
5008 " uint64_t dqb_isoftlimit; /* preferred inode limit */\n"
5009 " uint64_t dqb_curinodes; /* current number of\n"
5010 " allocated inodes */\n"
5011 " uint64_t dqb_btime; /* time limit for excessive\n"
5013 " uint64_t dqb_itime; /* time limit for excessive\n"
5015 " uint32_t dqb_valid; /* bit mask of QIF_*\n"
5021 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:168
5024 "/* Flags in dqb_valid that indicate which fields in\n"
5025 " dqblk structure are valid. */\n"
5029 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:179
5032 "#define QIF_BLIMITS 1\n"
5033 "#define QIF_SPACE 2\n"
5034 "#define QIF_ILIMITS 4\n"
5035 "#define QIF_INODES 8\n"
5036 "#define QIF_BTIME 16\n"
5037 "#define QIF_ITIME 32\n"
5038 "#define QIF_LIMITS (QIF_BLIMITS | QIF_ILIMITS)\n"
5039 "#define QIF_USAGE (QIF_SPACE | QIF_INODES)\n"
5040 "#define QIF_TIMES (QIF_BTIME | QIF_ITIME)\n"
5041 "#define QIF_ALL (QIF_LIMITS | QIF_USAGE | QIF_TIMES)\n"
5045 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:196
5047 "The I<dqb_valid> field is a bit mask that is set to indicate the entries in "
5048 "the I<dqblk> structure that are valid. Currently, the kernel fills in all "
5049 "entries of the I<dqblk> structure and marks them as valid in the "
5050 "I<dqb_valid> field. Unprivileged users may retrieve only their own quotas; "
5051 "a privileged user (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) can retrieve the quotas of any user."
5055 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:196
5057 msgid "B<Q_SETQUOTA>"
5058 msgstr "B<Q_SETQUOTA>"
5061 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:216
5063 "Set quota information for user or group I<id>, using the information "
5064 "supplied in the I<dqblk> structure pointed to by I<addr>. The I<dqb_valid> "
5065 "field of the I<dqblk> structure indicates which entries in the structure "
5066 "have been set by the caller. This operation supersedes the B<Q_SETQLIM> and "
5067 "B<Q_SETUSE> operations in the previous quota interfaces. This operation "
5068 "requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
5072 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:216
5074 msgid "B<Q_GETINFO>"
5075 msgstr "B<Q_GETINFO>"
5078 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:227
5081 #| "Get limits and current usage of disk space. The I<addr> argument is a "
5082 #| "pointer to a dqblk structure (defined in I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>)."
5084 "Get information (like grace times) about quotafile. The I<addr> argument "
5085 "should be a pointer to a I<dqinfo> structure. This structure is defined in "
5086 "I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>> as follows:"
5088 "ディスク使用量の制限値と現在の使用量を得る。 I<addr> 引き数は (I<E<lt>sys/"
5089 "quota.hE<gt>> で定義された) dqblk 構造体を指すポインタである。"
5092 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:236
5095 "struct dqinfo { /* Defined since kernel 2.4.22 */\n"
5096 " uint64_t dqi_bgrace; /* Time before block soft limit\n"
5097 " becomes hard limit */\n"
5101 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:243
5104 " uint64_t dqi_igrace; /* Time before inode soft limit\n"
5105 " becomes hard limit */\n"
5106 " uint32_t dqi_flags; /* Flags for quotafile\n"
5108 " uint32_t dqi_valid;\n"
5113 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:245
5115 msgid "/* Bits for dqi_flags */\n"
5119 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:247
5121 msgid "/* Quota format QFMT_VFS_OLD */\n"
5125 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:249
5127 msgid "#define V1_DQF_RSQUASH\t1 /* Root squash enabled */\n"
5131 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:251
5133 msgid "/* Other quota formats have no dqi_flags bits defined */\n"
5137 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:254
5140 "/* Flags in dqi_valid that indicate which fields in\n"
5141 " dqinfo structure are valid. */\n"
5145 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:259
5148 "# define IIF_BGRACE\t1\n"
5149 "# define IIF_IGRACE\t2\n"
5150 "# define IIF_FLAGS\t4\n"
5151 "# define IIF_ALL\t(IIF_BGRACE | IIF_IGRACE | IIF_FLAGS)\n"
5155 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:275
5157 "The I<dqi_valid> field in the I<dqinfo> structure indicates the entries in "
5158 "the structure that are valid. Currently, the kernel fills in all entries of "
5159 "the I<dqinfo> structure and marks them all as valid in the I<dqi_valid> "
5160 "field. The I<id> argument is ignored."
5164 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:275
5166 msgid "B<Q_SETINFO>"
5167 msgstr "B<Q_SETINFO>"
5170 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:299
5172 "Set information about quotafile. The I<addr> argument should be a pointer "
5173 "to a I<dqinfo> structure. The I<dqi_valid> field of the I<dqinfo> structure "
5174 "indicates the entries in the structure that have been set by the caller. "
5175 "This operation supersedes the B<Q_SETGRACE> and B<Q_SETFLAGS> operations in "
5176 "the previous quota interfaces. The I<id> argument is ignored. This "
5177 "operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
5181 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:299
5184 msgstr "B<Q_GETFMT>"
5187 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:306
5189 "Get quota format used on the specified file system. The I<addr> argument "
5190 "should be a pointer to a 4-byte buffer where the format number will be "
5195 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:306
5201 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:317
5203 "Update the on-disk copy of quota usages for a file system. If I<special> is "
5204 "NULL, then all file systems with active quotas are sync'ed. The I<addr> and "
5205 "I<id> arguments are ignored."
5209 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:317
5211 msgid "B<Q_GETSTATS>"
5212 msgstr "B<Q_GETSTATS>"
5214 #. Q_GETSTATS was removed in kernel 2.4.22.
5216 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:337
5218 "Get statistics and other generic information about the quota subsystem. The "
5219 "I<addr> argument should be a pointer to a I<dqstats> structure in which data "
5220 "should be stored. This structure is defined in I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>.> "
5221 "The I<special> and I<id> arguments are ignored. This operation is obsolete "
5222 "and not supported by recent kernels. Files in I</proc/sys/fs/quota/> carry "
5223 "the information instead."
5227 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:340
5229 "For XFS file systems making use of the XFS Quota Manager (XQM), the above "
5230 "commands are bypassed and the following commands are used:"
5234 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:340
5236 msgid "B<Q_XQUOTAON>"
5237 msgstr "B<Q_XQUOTAON>"
5240 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:361
5242 "Turn on quotas for an XFS file system. XFS provides the ability to turn on/"
5243 "off quota limit enforcement with quota accounting. Therefore, XFS expects "
5244 "I<addr> to be a pointer to an I<unsigned int> that contains either the flags "
5245 "B<XFS_QUOTA_UDQ_ACCT> and/or B<XFS_QUOTA_UDQ_ENFD> (for user quota), or "
5246 "B<XFS_QUOTA_GDQ_ACCT> and/or B<XFS_QUOTA_GDQ_ENFD> (for group quota), as "
5247 "defined in I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>. This operation requires privilege "
5248 "(B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
5252 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:361
5254 msgid "B<Q_XQUOTAOFF>"
5255 msgstr "B<Q_XQUOTAOFF>"
5258 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:372
5260 "Turn off quotas for an XFS file system. As with B<Q_QUOTAON>, XFS file "
5261 "systems expect a pointer to an I<unsigned int> that specifies whether quota "
5262 "accounting and/or limit enforcement need to be turned off. This operation "
5263 "requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
5267 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:372
5269 msgid "B<Q_XGETQUOTA>"
5270 msgstr "B<Q_XGETQUOTA>"
5273 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:386
5275 "Get disk quota limits and current usage for user I<id>. The I<addr> "
5276 "argument is a pointer to an I<fs_disk_quota> structure (defined in "
5277 "I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>). Unprivileged users may retrieve only their own "
5278 "quotas; a privileged user (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) may retrieve the quotas of any "
5283 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:386
5285 msgid "B<Q_XSETQLIM>"
5286 msgstr "B<Q_XSETQLIM>"
5289 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:398
5291 "Set disk quota limits for user I<id>. The I<addr> argument is a pointer to "
5292 "an I<fs_disk_quota> structure (defined in I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>). This "
5293 "operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
5297 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:398
5299 msgid "B<Q_XGETQSTAT>"
5300 msgstr "B<Q_XGETQSTAT>"
5303 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:406
5305 "Returns an I<fs_quota_stat> structure containing XFS file system specific "
5306 "quota information. This is useful for finding out how much space is used to "
5307 "store quota information, and also to get quotaon/off status of a given local "
5312 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:406
5314 msgid "B<Q_XQUOTARM>"
5315 msgstr "B<Q_XQUOTARM>"
5318 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:410
5320 "Free the disk space taken by disk quotas. Quotas must have already been "
5325 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:417
5327 "There is no command equivalent to B<Q_SYNC> for XFS since B<sync>(1) writes "
5328 "quota information to disk (in addition to the other file system metadata "
5329 "that it writes out)."
5333 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:417
5335 msgid "RETURN VALUES"
5339 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:425
5341 "On success, B<quotactl>() returns 0; on error -1 is returned, and I<errno> "
5342 "is set to indicate the error."
5344 "成功すると、 B<quotactl>() は 0 を返す。\n"
5345 "エラーの場合、-1 を返し、 I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
5348 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:432
5349 msgid "I<addr> or I<special> is invalid."
5353 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:438
5354 msgid "I<cmd> or I<type> is invalid."
5358 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:438
5364 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:445
5365 msgid "The file specified by I<special> or I<addr> does not exist."
5369 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:450
5370 msgid "The kernel has not been compiled with the B<CONFIG_QUOTA> option."
5374 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:450
5380 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:454
5381 msgid "I<special> is not a block device."
5382 msgstr "I<special> がブロックデバイスではない。"
5385 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:459
5387 "The caller lacked the required privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) for the "
5388 "specified operation."
5392 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:463
5394 "No disk quota is found for the indicated user. Quotas have not been turned "
5395 "on for this file system."
5399 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:472
5400 msgid "If I<cmd> is B<Q_SETQUOTA>, B<quotactl>() may also set I<errno> to:"
5404 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:475
5405 msgid "Specified limits are out of range allowed by quota format."
5409 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:484
5410 msgid "If I<cmd> is B<Q_QUOTAON>, B<quotactl>() may also set I<errno> to:"
5414 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:493
5416 "The quota file pointed to by I<addr> exists, but is not a regular file; or, "
5417 "the quota file pointed to by I<addr> exists, but is not on the file system "
5418 "pointed to by I<special>."
5422 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:499
5424 "B<Q_QUOTAON> attempted, but another B<Q_QUOTAON> had already been performed."
5428 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:502
5429 msgid "The quota file is corrupted."
5430 msgstr "quota ファイルが壊れている。"
5433 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:505
5434 msgid "Specified quota format was not found."
5438 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:510
5439 msgid "B<quota>(1), B<getrlimit>(2), B<quotacheck>(8), B<quotaon>(8)"
5440 msgstr "B<quota>(1), B<getrlimit>(2), B<quotacheck>(8), B<quotaon>(8)"
5443 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:15
5449 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:15
5455 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:18
5456 msgid "sendfile - transfer data between file descriptors"
5457 msgstr "sendfile - ファイル・ディスクリプタ間でデータを転送する"
5460 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:20
5461 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>>"
5462 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>>"
5464 #. The below is too ugly. Comments about glibc versions belong
5465 #. in the notes, not in the header.
5466 #. .B #include <features.h>
5468 #. .B #if (__GLIBC__==2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__>=1) || __GLIBC__>2
5470 #. .B #include <sys/sendfile.h>
5474 #. .B #include <sys/types.h>
5476 #. .B /* No system prototype before glibc 2.1. */
5478 #. .BI "ssize_t sendfile(int" " out_fd" ", int" " in_fd" ", off_t *" #. offset ", size_t" " count" )
5482 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:43
5484 "B<ssize_t sendfile(int>I< out_fd>B<, int>I< in_fd>B<, off_t *>I<offset>B<, "
5485 "size_t>I< count>B<);>"
5487 "B<ssize_t sendfile(int>I< out_fd>B<, int>I< in_fd>B<, off_t *>I<offset>B<, "
5488 "size_t>I< count>B<);>"
5491 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:53
5493 "B<sendfile>() copies data between one file descriptor and another. Because "
5494 "this copying is done within the kernel, B<sendfile>() is more efficient "
5495 "than the combination of B<read>(2) and B<write>(2), which would require "
5496 "transferring data to and from user space."
5498 "B<sendfile>() は、あるファイル・ディスクリプタから別の ファイル・ディスクリ"
5499 "プタへのデータのコピーを行う。 このコピーはカーネル内で行われるので、 "
5500 "B<sendfile>() は、 B<read>(2) と B<write>(2) を組み合わせるよりも効率がよ"
5501 "い。 B<read>(2) や B<write>(2) ではユーザ空間との間でデータの転送が必要とな"
5505 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:58
5507 "I<in_fd> should be a file descriptor opened for reading and I<out_fd> should "
5508 "be a descriptor opened for writing."
5510 "I<in_fd> は読み込みのためにオープンされたファイル・ディスクリプタ、 "
5511 "I<out_fd> は書き込みのためにオープンされたディスクリプタでなければならない。"
5514 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:79
5516 "If I<offset> is not NULL, then it points to a variable holding the file "
5517 "offset from which B<sendfile>() will start reading data from I<in_fd>. "
5518 "When B<sendfile>() returns, this variable will be set to the offset of the "
5519 "byte following the last byte that was read. If I<offset> is not NULL, then "
5520 "B<sendfile>() does not modify the current file offset of I<in_fd>; "
5521 "otherwise the current file offset is adjusted to reflect the number of bytes "
5522 "read from I<in_fd>."
5524 "I<offset> が NULL でない場合、 I<offset> は B<sendfile>() が I<in_fd> のどこ"
5525 "からデータを読み始めるかを示すファイル・オフセットを保持する変数への ポインタ"
5526 "である。 B<sendfile>() は復帰する時、この変数に最後に読み込んだバイトの 次の"
5527 "バイトのオフセットを書き込む。 I<offset> が NULL でない場合、 B<sendfile>() "
5528 "は I<in_fd> のファイル・オフセットの現在値を変更しない。 NULL の場合は、ファ"
5529 "イル・オフセットの現在値を I<in_fd> から読み込んだバイト数を反映した位置に調"
5533 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:86
5535 "If I<offset> is NULL, then data will be read from I<in_fd> starting at the "
5536 "current file offset, and the file offset will be updated by the call."
5538 "I<offset> が NULL の場合、データは I<in_fd> の現在のファイル・オフセットから"
5539 "読み出され、 ファイル・オフセットはこの呼び出しで更新される。"
5542 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:89
5543 msgid "I<count> is the number of bytes to copy between the file descriptors."
5544 msgstr "I<count> は、ファイル・ディスクリプタ間でコピーするバイト数である。"
5547 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:96
5549 "The I<in_fd> argument must correspond to a file which supports B<mmap>(2)-"
5550 "like operations (i.e., it cannot be a socket)."
5552 "I<in_fd> 引き数は B<mmap>(2) 風の操作ができるファイルを指していなければなら"
5554 "い (ソケットを指定することはできない)。"
5557 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:104
5559 "In Linux kernels before 2.6.33, I<out_fd> must refer to a socket. Since "
5560 "Linux 2.6.33 it can be any file. If it is a regular file, then B<sendfile>"
5561 "() changes the file offset appropriately."
5563 "2.6.33 より前の Linux カーネルでは I<out_fd> はソケットを参照していなければ"
5565 "らない。Linux 2.6.33 以降では、任意のファイルを参照することができる。\n"
5566 "通常のファイルの場合には B<sendfile>() はファイルオフセットを適切に変更する。"
5569 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:111
5571 "If the transfer was successful, the number of bytes written to I<out_fd> is "
5572 "returned. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
5574 "転送に成功した場合、 I<out_fd> に書き込まれたバイト数を返す。エラーの場"
5575 "合、-1 を返し、 I<errno> に適切な値を設定する。"
5578 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:117
5580 "Nonblocking I/O has been selected using B<O_NONBLOCK> and the write would "
5583 "B<O_NONBLOCK> を用いて非ブロック I/O が選択されたが、書き込みがブロックされ"
5587 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:117 build/C/man2/splice.2:143
5588 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:123
5594 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:121
5596 "The input file was not opened for reading or the output file was not opened "
5599 "入力ファイルが読み込みのためにオープンされていないか、 出力ファイルが書き込み"
5603 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:124
5604 msgid "Bad address."
5608 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:130
5610 "Descriptor is not valid or locked, or an B<mmap>(2)-like operation is not "
5611 "available for I<in_fd>."
5613 "ディスクリプタが有効でないか、ロックされている。もしくは B<mmap>(2) 風の操作"
5614 "が I<in_fd> では利用できない。"
5617 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:134
5618 msgid "Unspecified error while reading from I<in_fd>."
5619 msgstr "I<in_fd> から読み込んでいるうちに予期しないエラーが起こった。"
5622 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:138
5623 msgid "Insufficient memory to read from I<in_fd>."
5624 msgstr "I<in_fd> から読み込むための十分なメモリがない。"
5627 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:144
5629 "B<sendfile>() is a new feature in Linux 2.2. The include file I<E<lt>sys/"
5630 "sendfile.hE<gt>> is present since glibc 2.1."
5632 "B<sendfile> は Linux 2.2 の新しい機能である。 インクルードファイル "
5633 "I<E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>> は glibc 2.1 から存在している。"
5636 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:146
5637 msgid "Not specified in POSIX.1-2001, or other standards."
5638 msgstr "POSIX.1-2001 や他の標準では規定されていない。"
5641 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:151
5643 "Other UNIX systems implement B<sendfile>() with different semantics and "
5644 "prototypes. It should not be used in portable programs."
5646 "他の UNIX システムでは、異なった方式やプロトタイプで B<sendfile>() を実装し"
5647 "ている。移植性を考慮したプログラムでは使用すべきではない。"
5650 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:161
5652 "If you plan to use B<sendfile>() for sending files to a TCP socket, but "
5653 "need to send some header data in front of the file contents, you will find "
5654 "it useful to employ the B<TCP_CORK> option, described in B<tcp>(7), to "
5655 "minimize the number of packets and to tune performance."
5657 "B<sendfile>() を使って TCP ソケットにファイルを送ろうとしていて、 ファイルの"
5658 "内容の前にヘッダ・データを付け加える必要がある場合は、 パケット数を最小にして"
5659 "性能を上げるために B<tcp>(7) に記述されている B<TCP_CORK> オプションを使うと"
5663 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:167
5665 "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, I<out_fd> could also refer to a regular file, and "
5666 "B<sendfile>() changed the current offset of that file."
5668 "Linux 2.4 とそれ以前のバージョンでも、 I<out_fd> は通常のファイルを参照で"
5670 "B<sendfile>() はそのファイルのオフセットの現在値を変更していた。"
5673 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:179
5675 "The original Linux B<sendfile>() system call was not designed to handle "
5676 "large file offsets. Consequently, Linux 2.4 added B<sendfile64>(), with a "
5677 "wider type for the I<offset> argument. The glibc B<sendfile>() wrapper "
5678 "function transparently deals with the kernel differences."
5680 "元々の Linux B<sendfile>() システムコールは大きなファイルオフセットを\n"
5681 "扱えるように設計されていなかった。その結果、Linux 2.4 で、\n"
5682 "ビット幅の大きな I<offset> 引き数を持った B<sendfile64>() が追加された。\n"
5683 "glibc の B<sendfile>() のラッパー関数はカーネルによるこの違いを吸収している。"
5686 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:188
5688 "Applications may wish to fall back to B<read>(2)/B<write>(2) in the case "
5689 "where B<sendfile>() fails with B<EINVAL> or B<ENOSYS>."
5691 "B<sendfile>() が B<EINVAL> や B<ENOSYS> で失敗するような場合は、 アプリケー"
5692 "ションは B<read>(2)/B<write>(2) に戻すことを考えてもよいかもしれない。"
5695 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:193
5697 "The Linux-specific B<splice>(2) call supports transferring data between "
5698 "arbitrary files (e.g., a pair of sockets)."
5700 "Linux 固有の B<splice>(2) システムコールは、任意のファイル間 (例えば、\n"
5701 "ソケット同士) でのデータ転送をサポートしている。"
5704 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:198
5705 msgid "B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<socket>(2), B<splice>(2)"
5706 msgstr "B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<socket>(2), B<splice>(2)"
5709 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:23
5711 msgid "SET_TID_ADDRESS"
5712 msgstr "SET_TID_ADDRESS"
5715 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:23
5721 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:26
5722 msgid "set_tid_address - set pointer to thread ID"
5723 msgstr "set_tid_address - スレッド ID へのポインタを設定する"
5726 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:29
5728 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/unistd.hE<gt>>\n"
5729 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>linux/unistd.hE<gt>>\n"
5732 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:31
5734 msgid "B<long set_tid_address(int *>I<tidptr>B<);>\n"
5735 msgstr "B<long set_tid_address(int *>I<tidptr>B<);>\n"
5738 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:38
5740 "The kernel keeps for each process two values called I<set_child_tid> and "
5741 "I<clear_child_tid> that are NULL by default."
5743 "カーネルは各プロセスについて I<set_child_tid> と I<clear_child_tid> という 2 "
5744 "つの値を保持する。 これらはデフォルトでは NULL である。"
5747 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:38
5749 msgid "set_child_tid"
5750 msgstr "set_child_tid"
5753 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:48
5755 "If a process is started using B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_CHILD_SETTID> "
5756 "flag, I<set_child_tid> is set to I<child_tidptr>, the fifth argument of that "
5759 "プロセスが B<CLONE_CHILD_SETTID> フラグを指定した B<clone>(2) によって開始さ"
5760 "れた場合、 I<set_child_tid> は I<child_tidptr> に設定される。 これは B<clone>"
5761 "(2) のシステムコールの 5 番目の引き数である。"
5764 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:53
5766 "When I<set_child_tid> is set, the very first thing the new process does is "
5767 "writing its PID at this address."
5769 "I<set_child_tid> が設定された場合、一番最初に新しいプロセスが行うことは、 こ"
5770 "のアドレスに自身の PID を書き込むことである。"
5773 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:53
5775 msgid "clear_child_tid"
5776 msgstr "clear_child_tid"
5779 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:63
5781 "If a process is started using B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID> "
5782 "flag, I<clear_child_tid> is set to I<child_tidptr>, the fifth argument of "
5785 "プロセスが B<CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID> フラグを指定した B<clone>(2) によって開始"
5786 "された場合、 I<clear_child_tid> は I<child_tidptr> に設定される。 これは "
5787 "B<clone>(2) のシステムコールの 5 番目の引き数である。"
5790 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:70
5792 "The system call B<set_tid_address>() sets the I<clear_child_tid> value for "
5793 "the calling process to I<tidptr>."
5795 "システムコール B<set_tid_address>() は呼び出し元プロセスの "
5796 "I<clear_child_tid> の値を I<tidptr> に設定する。"
5799 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:80
5801 "When I<clear_child_tid> is set, and the process exits, and the process was "
5802 "sharing memory with other processes or threads, then 0 is written at this "
5803 "address, and a I<futex(child_tidptr, FUTEX_WAKE, 1, NULL, NULL, 0);> call is "
5804 "done. (That is, wake a single process waiting on this futex.) Errors are "
5807 "I<clear_child_tid> が設定されているときにプロセスが終了すると、 そのプロセス"
5808 "は他のプロセスまたはスレッドとメモリを共有しているので、 このアドレスに 0 が"
5809 "書き込まれ、 I<futex(child_tidptr, FUTEX_WAKE, 1, NULL, NULL, 0);> の呼び出し"
5810 "が実行される (つまり、この futex で待っている 1 つのプロセスを起こす "
5811 "(wake))。 エラーは無視される。"
5814 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:83
5815 msgid "B<set_tid_address>() always returns the PID of the calling process."
5816 msgstr "B<set_tid_address>() は常に現在のプロセスの PID を返す。"
5819 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:86
5820 msgid "B<set_tid_address>() always succeeds."
5821 msgstr "B<set_tid_address>() は常に成功する。"
5824 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:89
5826 "This call is present since Linux 2.5.48. Details as given here are valid "
5827 "since Linux 2.5.49."
5829 "この呼び出しは Linux 2.5.48 以降で存在する。 ここで書かれた詳細は Linux "
5833 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:94
5834 msgid "B<clone>(2), B<futex>(2)"
5835 msgstr "B<clone>(2), B<futex>(2)"
5838 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:26
5844 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:26 build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
5850 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:29
5851 msgid "splice - splice data to/from a pipe"
5852 msgstr "splice - パイプとの間でデータを継ぎ合わせる"
5855 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:33 build/C/man2/tee.2:33
5858 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
5859 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
5861 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* feature_test_macros(7) 参照 */\n"
5862 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
5864 #. Return type was long before glibc 2.7
5866 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:38
5869 "B<ssize_t splice(int >I<fd_in>B<, loff_t *>I<off_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<,>\n"
5870 "B< loff_t *>I<off_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
5872 "B<ssize_t splice(int >I<fd_in>B<, loff_t *>I<off_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<,>\n"
5873 "B< loff_t *>I<off_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
5876 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:50
5878 "B<splice>() moves data between two file descriptors without copying between "
5879 "kernel address space and user address space. It transfers up to I<len> "
5880 "bytes of data from the file descriptor I<fd_in> to the file descriptor "
5881 "I<fd_out>, where one of the descriptors must refer to a pipe."
5883 "B<splice>() は、カーネルアドレス空間とユーザアドレス空間との間のコピーを伴わ"
5884 "ずに、 2 つのファイルディスクリプタ間でデータの移動を行う。 ファイルディスク"
5885 "リプタ I<fd_in> からファイルディスクリプタ I<fd_out> へ最大 I<len> バイトを転"
5886 "送する。 2 つのファイルディスクリプタのうち一つは パイプを参照していなければ"
5890 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:80
5892 "If I<fd_in> refers to a pipe, then I<off_in> must be NULL. If I<fd_in> does "
5893 "not refer to a pipe and I<off_in> is NULL, then bytes are read from I<fd_in> "
5894 "starting from the current file offset, and the current file offset is "
5895 "adjusted appropriately. If I<fd_in> does not refer to a pipe and I<off_in> "
5896 "is not NULL, then I<off_in> must point to a buffer which specifies the "
5897 "starting offset from which bytes will be read from I<fd_in>; in this case, "
5898 "the current file offset of I<fd_in> is not changed. Analogous statements "
5899 "apply for I<fd_out> and I<off_out>."
5901 "I<fd_in> がパイプを参照している場合、 I<off_in> は NULL でなければならない。 "
5902 "I<fd_in> がパイプを参照しておらず、 I<off_in> が NULL の場合、 I<fd_in> の現"
5903 "在のファイルオフセットから始まるバイトを読み出す。 現在のファイルオフセットは"
5904 "適切に調整される。 I<fd_in> がパイプを参照しておらず、 I<off_in> が NULL でな"
5905 "い場合、 I<off_in> は I<fd_in> からのデータ読み出しを開始する先頭オフセットを"
5906 "格納したバッファ へのポインタでなければならない。この場合、 I<fd_in> の現在の"
5907 "ファイルオフセットは変更されない。 I<fd_out> と I<off_out> に関しても同様であ"
5911 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:85 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:78
5913 "The I<flags> argument is a bit mask that is composed by ORing together zero "
5914 "or more of the following values:"
5916 "I<flags> 引き数には、以下の値の 0 個以上をビット毎の論理和の形で指定する。"
5919 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:85 build/C/man2/tee.2:62 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:78
5921 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_MOVE>"
5922 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_MOVE>"
5925 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:98
5927 "Attempt to move pages instead of copying. This is only a hint to the "
5928 "kernel: pages may still be copied if the kernel cannot move the pages from "
5929 "the pipe, or if the pipe buffers don't refer to full pages. The initial "
5930 "implementation of this flag was buggy: therefore starting in Linux 2.6.21 it "
5931 "is a no-op (but is still permitted in a B<splice>() call); in the future, a "
5932 "correct implementation may be restored."
5934 "ページのコピーでなく移動を試みる。 これはカーネルに対するヒントでしかない。 "
5935 "つまり、カーネルがパイプからページを移動できない場合や、 パイプバッファがペー"
5936 "ジ全部を参照していない場合は、 ページのコピーが行われることもある。 このフラ"
5937 "グの最初の実装にはバグがあった。そのため、 Linux 2.6.21 以降ではこのフラグの"
5938 "操作はできないようになっている (ただし、 B<splice>() コールでこのフラグを指"
5939 "定することは今も認められている)。 将来、正しい実装が行われることだろう。"
5942 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:98 build/C/man2/tee.2:68 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:84
5944 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK>"
5945 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK>"
5948 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:107
5950 "Do not block on I/O. This makes the splice pipe operations nonblocking, but "
5951 "B<splice>() may nevertheless block because the file descriptors that are "
5952 "spliced to/from may block (unless they have the B<O_NONBLOCK> flag set)."
5954 "入出力時に停止 (block) しない。 このフラグを指定すると、 splice によるパイプ"
5955 "操作を非停止モード (nonblocking) で 行おうとするが、その場合でも B<splice>"
5956 "() は停止することもある。なぜなら、データのやり取りを行う ファイルディスクリ"
5957 "プタは (B<O_NONBLOCK> フラグをセットされていない場合) 停止する可能性があるか"
5961 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:107 build/C/man2/tee.2:73 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:91
5963 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_MORE>"
5964 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_MORE>"
5967 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:121
5969 "More data will be coming in a subsequent splice. This is a helpful hint "
5970 "when the I<fd_out> refers to a socket (see also the description of "
5971 "B<MSG_MORE> in B<send>(2), and the description of B<TCP_CORK> in B<tcp>(7))"
5973 "この後の splice でさらに転送されるデータがあることを示す。 このフラグは "
5974 "I<fd_out> がソケットを参照している場合に有用なヒントとなる (B<send>(2) の "
5975 "B<MSG_MORE> や B<tcp>(7) の B<TCP_CORK> の説明も参照)。"
5978 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:121 build/C/man2/tee.2:79 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:97
5980 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_GIFT>"
5981 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_GIFT>"
5984 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:127
5985 msgid "Unused for B<splice>(); see B<vmsplice>(2)."
5986 msgstr "B<splice>() では使用しない。 B<vmsplice>(2) 参照。"
5989 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:136
5991 "Upon successful completion, B<splice>() returns the number of bytes spliced "
5992 "to or from the pipe. A return value of 0 means that there was no data to "
5993 "transfer, and it would not make sense to block, because there are no writers "
5994 "connected to the write end of the pipe referred to by I<fd_in>."
5996 "成功して完了すると、 B<splice>() はパイプから出し入れしたバイト数を返す。 返"
5997 "り値 0 はデータの転送が行わなかったことを示す。 この場合、処理を停止 (block) "
5998 "しても無意味である。 なぜなら、 I<fd_in> が参照するパイプの書き込み側に接続さ"
6002 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:142
6004 "On error, B<splice>() returns -1 and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
6006 "エラーの場合、 B<splice>() は -1 を返し、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値を設定す"
6010 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:147
6012 "One or both file descriptors are not valid, or do not have proper read-write "
6015 "ファイルディスクリプタの一方または両方が有効ではない、 もしくは適切な read-"
6018 #. The append-mode error is given since 2.6.27; in earlier kernels,
6019 #. splice() in append mode was broken
6021 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:155
6023 "Target file system doesn't support splicing; target file is opened in append "
6024 "mode; neither of the descriptors refers to a pipe; or offset given for "
6025 "nonseekable device."
6027 "対象のファイルシステムが splice に対応していない、 または対象のファイルが追記"
6028 "モードでオープンされている、 またはディスクリプタのどちらもパイプを参照してい"
6029 "ない、 または seek できないデバイスに対してオフセットが指定された。"
6032 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:158 build/C/man2/tee.2:114
6033 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:138
6034 msgid "Out of memory."
6038 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:158
6044 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:165
6046 "Either I<off_in> or I<off_out> was not NULL, but the corresponding file "
6047 "descriptor refers to a pipe."
6049 "I<off_in> か I<off_out> のいずれかが NULL ではないが、対応するファイルディス"
6053 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:169
6054 msgid "The B<splice>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17."
6055 msgstr "B<splice>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で初めて登場した。"
6058 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:181
6060 "The three system calls B<splice>(), B<vmsplice>(2), and B<tee>(2), provide "
6061 "userspace programs with full control over an arbitrary kernel buffer, "
6062 "implemented within the kernel using the same type of buffer that is used for "
6063 "a pipe. In overview, these system calls perform the following tasks:"
6065 "3 つのシステムコール (B<splice>(), B<vmsplice>(2), B<tee>(2)) を使うと、ユー"
6066 "ザ空間プログラムは任意のカーネルバッファに対する 完全な制御ができる。カーネル"
6067 "バッファは、パイプに使用されているのと 同種のバッファを使ってカーネル内に実装"
6068 "されている。 大まかにいうと、これらのシステムコールは以下の仕事を行う:"
6071 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:181
6074 msgstr "B<splice>()"
6077 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:185
6079 "moves data from the buffer to an arbitrary file descriptor, or vice versa, "
6080 "or from one buffer to another."
6082 "バッファから任意のファイルディスクリプタや、その逆方向、 もしくはあるバッファ"
6083 "から別のバッファへの、データ移動を行う。"
6086 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:185
6092 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:188
6093 msgid "\"copies\" the data from one buffer to another."
6094 msgstr "あるバッファから別のバッファへのデータ「コピー」を行う。"
6097 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:188
6099 msgid "B<vmsplice>(2)"
6100 msgstr "B<vmsplice>(2)"
6103 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:191
6104 msgid "\"copies\" data from user space into the buffer."
6105 msgstr "ユーザ空間からバッファへのデータ「コピー」を行う。"
6107 #. Linus: Now, imagine using the above in a media server, for example.
6108 #. Let's say that a year or two has passed, so that the video drivers
6109 #. have been updated to be able to do the splice thing, and what can
6111 #. - splice from the (mpeg or whatever - let's just assume that the video
6112 #. input is either digital or does the encoding on its own - like they
6113 #. pretty much all do) video input into a pipe (remember: no copies - the
6114 #. video input will just DMA directly into memory, and splice will just
6115 #. set up the pages in the pipe buffer)
6116 #. - tee that pipe to split it up
6117 #. - splice one end to a file (ie "save the compressed stream to disk")
6118 #. - splice the other end to a real-time video decoder window for your
6119 #. real-time viewing pleasure.
6120 #. Linus: Now, the advantage of splice()/tee() is that you can
6121 #. do zero-copy movement of data, and unlike sendfile() you can
6122 #. do it on _arbitrary_ data (and, as shown by "tee()", it's more
6123 #. than just sending the data to somebody else: you can duplicate
6124 #. the data and choose to forward it to two or more different
6125 #. users - for things like logging etc.).
6127 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:222
6129 "Though we talk of copying, actual copies are generally avoided. The kernel "
6130 "does this by implementing a pipe buffer as a set of reference-counted "
6131 "pointers to pages of kernel memory. The kernel creates \"copies\" of pages "
6132 "in a buffer by creating new pointers (for the output buffer) referring to "
6133 "the pages, and increasing the reference counts for the pages: only pointers "
6134 "are copied, not the pages of the buffer."
6136 "ここではコピーの話をしているが、実際のコピーは一般的に回避される。 カーネル"
6137 "は、パイプ・バッファをカーネルメモリのページへのポインタ集合として 実装し、"
6138 "ページへの参照回数を管理することで、これを実現している。 カーネルは、対象とな"
6139 "るページを参照する (出力バッファ用の) ポインタを 新規に作成することでバッファ"
6140 "内のページの「コピー」を作成し、 そのページの参照回数を増やす。つまり、ポイン"
6141 "タだけがコピーされ、 バッファのページはコピーされない。"
6144 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:225
6145 msgid "See B<tee>(2)."
6146 msgstr "B<tee>(2) 参照。"
6149 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:229
6150 msgid "B<sendfile>(2), B<tee>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
6151 msgstr "B<sendfile>(2), B<tee>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
6154 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:26
6160 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:29
6161 msgid "tee - duplicating pipe content"
6162 msgstr "tee - パイプの中身を複製する"
6165 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:36
6167 msgid "B<ssize_t tee(int >I<fd_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
6168 msgstr "B<ssize_t tee(int >I<fd_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
6170 #. Example programs http://brick.kernel.dk/snaps
6171 #. add a "tee(in, out1, out2)" system call that duplicates the pages
6172 #. (again, incrementing their reference count, not copying the data) from
6173 #. one pipe to two other pipes.
6175 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:56
6177 "B<tee>() duplicates up to I<len> bytes of data from the pipe referred to by "
6178 "the file descriptor I<fd_in> to the pipe referred to by the file descriptor "
6179 "I<fd_out>. It does not consume the data that is duplicated from I<fd_in>; "
6180 "therefore, that data can be copied by a subsequent B<splice>(2)."
6182 "B<tee>() は、ファイルディスクリプタ I<fd_in> が参照するパイプからファイル"
6183 "ディスクリプタ I<fd_out> が参照するパイプへ最大 I<len> バイトのデータを複製す"
6184 "る。 この操作では、複製されるデータは I<fd_in> からは消費されない。したがっ"
6185 "て、これらのデータをこの後の B<splice>(2) でコピーすることができる。"
6188 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:62
6190 "I<flags> is a series of modifier flags, which share the name space with "
6191 "B<splice>(2) and B<vmsplice>(2):"
6193 "I<flags> は一連の修飾フラグであり、 B<splice>(2) や B<vmsplice>(2) と共通の"
6197 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:68
6198 msgid "Currently has no effect for B<tee>(); see B<splice>(2)."
6199 msgstr "現在のところ B<tee>() では何の効果もない。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
6201 #. Not used for vmsplice
6202 #. May be in the future -- therefore EAGAIN
6204 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:73 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:91
6205 msgid "Do not block on I/O; see B<splice>(2) for further details."
6206 msgstr "入出力で停止 (block) しない。詳細は B<splice>(2) 参照。"
6209 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:79
6211 "Currently has no effect for B<tee>(), but may be implemented in the future; "
6214 "現在のところ B<tee>() では何の効果もないが、将来的には実装される可能性があ"
6215 "る。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
6218 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:85
6219 msgid "Unused for B<tee>(); see B<vmsplice>(2)."
6220 msgstr "B<tee>() では未使用。 B<vmsplice>(2) 参照。"
6223 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:94
6225 "Upon successful completion, B<tee>() returns the number of bytes that were "
6226 "duplicated between the input and output. A return value of 0 means that "
6227 "there was no data to transfer, and it would not make sense to block, because "
6228 "there are no writers connected to the write end of the pipe referred to by "
6231 "成功して完了すると、 B<tee>() は入出力間で複製されたバイト数を返す。 返り値 "
6232 "0 はデータの転送が行われなかったことを示す。 この場合、処理を停止 (block) し"
6233 "ても無意味である。 なぜなら、 I<fd_in> が参照するパイプの書き込み側に接続され"
6237 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:100
6239 "On error, B<tee>() returns -1 and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
6241 "エラーの場合、 B<tee>() は -1 を返し、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値を設定する。"
6244 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:111
6246 "I<fd_in> or I<fd_out> does not refer to a pipe; or I<fd_in> and I<fd_out> "
6247 "refer to the same pipe."
6249 "I<fd_in> と I<fd_out> のどちらかがパイプを参照していない。もしくは I<fd_in> "
6250 "と I<fd_out> が同じパイプを参照している。"
6253 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:118
6254 msgid "The B<tee>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17."
6255 msgstr "B<tee>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で初めて登場した。"
6258 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:129
6260 "Conceptually, B<tee>() copies the data between the two pipes. In reality "
6261 "no real data copying takes place though: under the covers, B<tee>() assigns "
6262 "data in the output by merely grabbing a reference to the input."
6264 "概念としては、 B<tee>() は二つのパイプ間でデータのコピーを行う。 しかし、実"
6265 "際には実データのコピーは行われない。 内部では、 B<tee>() は入力側に対する参"
6266 "照だけを作成することで出力側にデータを 追加する。"
6269 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:135
6271 "The following example implements a basic B<tee>(1) program using the B<tee>"
6274 "以下の例は、 B<tee>() システムコールを使って、 基本的な B<tee>(1) プログラ"
6278 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:144
6281 "#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
6282 "#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
6283 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
6284 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
6285 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
6286 "#include E<lt>errno.hE<gt>\n"
6287 "#include E<lt>limits.hE<gt>\n"
6289 "#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
6290 "#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
6291 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
6292 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
6293 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
6294 "#include E<lt>errno.hE<gt>\n"
6295 "#include E<lt>limits.hE<gt>\n"
6298 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:150
6302 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
6308 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
6314 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:155
6317 " if (argc != 2) {\n"
6318 " fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>fileE<gt>\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
6319 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
6322 " if (argc != 2) {\n"
6323 " fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>fileE<gt>\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
6324 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
6328 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:161
6331 " fd = open(argv[1], O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);\n"
6332 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
6333 " perror(\"open\");\n"
6334 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
6337 " fd = open(argv[1], O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);\n"
6338 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
6339 " perror(\"open\");\n"
6340 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
6344 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:168
6349 " * tee stdin to stdout.\n"
6351 " len = tee(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO,\n"
6352 " INT_MAX, SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK);\n"
6356 " * tee stdin to stdout.\n"
6358 " len = tee(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO,\n"
6359 " INT_MAX, SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK);\n"
6362 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:177
6365 " if (len E<lt> 0) {\n"
6366 " if (errno == EAGAIN)\n"
6368 " perror(\"tee\");\n"
6369 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
6374 " if (len E<lt> 0) {\n"
6375 " if (errno == EAGAIN)\n"
6377 " perror(\"tee\");\n"
6378 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
6384 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:191
6388 " * Consume stdin by splicing it to a file.\n"
6390 " while (len E<gt> 0) {\n"
6391 " slen = splice(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, fd, NULL,\n"
6392 " len, SPLICE_F_MOVE);\n"
6393 " if (slen E<lt> 0) {\n"
6394 " perror(\"splice\");\n"
6402 " * Consume stdin by splicing it to a file.\n"
6404 " while (len E<gt> 0) {\n"
6405 " slen = splice(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, fd, NULL,\n"
6406 " len, SPLICE_F_MOVE);\n"
6407 " if (slen E<lt> 0) {\n"
6408 " perror(\"splice\");\n"
6416 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:195
6420 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
6424 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
6428 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:199
6429 msgid "B<splice>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
6430 msgstr "B<splice>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
6433 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:26
6439 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:26
6445 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:29
6446 msgid "vm86old, vm86 - enter virtual 8086 mode"
6447 msgstr "vm86old, vm86 - 仮想 8086 モードへ移行する"
6450 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:31
6451 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/vm86.hE<gt>>"
6452 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/vm86.hE<gt>>"
6455 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:33
6456 msgid "B<int vm86old(struct vm86_struct *>I<info>B<);>"
6457 msgstr "B<int vm86old(struct vm86_struct *>I<info>B<);>"
6460 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:35
6461 msgid "B<int vm86(unsigned long >I<fn>B<, struct vm86plus_struct *>I<v86>B<);>"
6463 "B<int vm86(unsigned long >I<fn>B<, struct vm86plus_struct *>I<v86>B<);>"
6466 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:46
6468 "The system call B<vm86>() was introduced in Linux 0.97p2. In Linux 2.1.15 "
6469 "and 2.0.28 it was renamed to B<vm86old>(), and a new B<vm86>() was "
6470 "introduced. The definition of I<struct vm86_struct> was changed in 1.1.8 "
6473 "B<vm86>() システムコールは Linux 0.97p2 で導入された。 これは Linux 2.1.15 "
6474 "と 2.0.28 で B<vm86old>() に名前が変更され、 新しい B<vm86>() が導入され"
6475 "た。 I<struct vm86_struct> の定義は 1.1.8 と 1.1.9 で変更された。"
6478 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:50
6480 "These calls cause the process to enter VM86 mode (virtual-8086 in Intel "
6481 "literature), and are used by B<dosemu>."
6483 "これらのコールによってプロセスは VM86 モード (Intel の文書では仮想 8086 モー"
6484 "ド) へと移行する。 これらのコールは B<dosemu> で使用される。"
6487 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:52
6488 msgid "VM86 mode is an emulation of real mode within a protected mode task."
6490 "VM86 モードはプロテクトモードタスクにおける リアルモードのエミュレーションで"
6494 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:62
6496 "This return value is specific to i386 and indicates a problem with getting "
6499 "この返り値は i386 固有のものであり、 ユーザー空間のデータを取得する際に問題が"
6503 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:66
6505 "This return value indicates the call is not implemented on the present "
6508 "この返り値は、このコールが現在のアーキテクチャで実装されていないことを示す。"
6511 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:71
6513 "Saved kernel stack exists. (This is a kernel sanity check; the saved stack "
6514 "should only exist within vm86 mode itself.)"
6516 "保存されたカーネルスタックが既に存在している。(これはカーネルが通常の 状態で"
6517 "あるかをチェックしている。保存されたスタックは vm86 モードで しか存在しな"
6521 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:74
6523 "This call is specific to Linux on 32-bit Intel processors, and should not be "
6524 "used in programs intended to be portable."
6526 "この関数は 32 ビット Intel プロセッサ上の Linux 特有の関数であり、 移植を意図"
6527 "したプログラムでは使用すべきでない。"
6530 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
6536 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:29
6537 msgid "vmsplice - splice user pages into a pipe"
6538 msgstr "vmsplice - ユーザ・ページをパイプに継ぎ合わせる"
6541 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:34
6544 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
6545 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
6546 "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
6548 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* feature_test_macros(7) 参照 */\n"
6549 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
6550 "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
6553 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:37
6556 "B<ssize_t vmsplice(int >I<fd>B<, const struct iovec *>I<iov>B<,>\n"
6557 "B< unsigned long >I<nr_segs>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
6559 "B<ssize_t vmsplice(int >I<fd>B<, const struct iovec *>I<iov>B<,>\n"
6560 "B< unsigned long >I<nr_segs>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
6562 #. Linus: vmsplice() system call to basically do a "write to
6563 #. the buffer", but using the reference counting and VM traversal
6564 #. to actually fill the buffer. This means that the user needs to
6565 #. be careful not to reuse the user-space buffer it spliced into
6566 #. the kernel-space one (contrast this to "write()", which copies
6567 #. the actual data, and you can thus reuse the buffer immediately
6568 #. after a successful write), but that is often easy to do.
6570 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:57
6572 "The B<vmsplice>() system call maps I<nr_segs> ranges of user memory "
6573 "described by I<iov> into a pipe. The file descriptor I<fd> must refer to a "
6576 "B<vmsplice>() システムコールは、 I<iov> で指定されたユーザ・メモリの "
6577 "I<nr_segs> の範囲をパイプにマッピングする。 I<fd> はパイプを参照していなけれ"
6581 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:64
6583 "The pointer I<iov> points to an array of I<iovec> structures as defined in "
6584 "I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>:"
6586 "ポインタ I<iov> は I<iovec> 構造体の配列を指す。 I<iovec> 構造体は "
6587 "I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>> で以下のように定義されている:"
6590 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:71
6594 " void *iov_base; /* Starting address */\n"
6595 " size_t iov_len; /* Number of bytes */\n"
6599 " void *iov_base; /* 開始アドレス */\n"
6600 " size_t iov_len; /* バイト数 */\n"
6604 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:84
6605 msgid "Unused for B<vmsplice>(); see B<splice>(2)."
6606 msgstr "B<vmsplice>() では未使用。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
6609 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:97
6611 "Currently has no effect for B<vmsplice>(), but may be implemented in the "
6612 "future; see B<splice>(2)."
6614 "現在のところ B<vmsplice>() では何の効果もないが、将来的には実装される可能性"
6615 "がある。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
6617 #. FIXME Explain the following line in a little more detail:
6618 #. .... if we expect to later SPLICE_F_MOVE to the cache.
6620 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:113
6622 "The user pages are a gift to the kernel. The application may not modify "
6623 "this memory ever, or page cache and on-disk data may differ. Gifting pages "
6624 "to the kernel means that a subsequent B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> can "
6625 "successfully move the pages; if this flag is not specified, then a "
6626 "subsequent B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> must copy the pages. Data must "
6627 "also be properly page aligned, both in memory and length."
6629 "ユーザ・ページがカーネルへ渡すもの (gift) であることを示す。 アプリケーション"
6630 "はこのメモリを絶対に変更してはならない。 さもなければ、ページキャッシュとディ"
6631 "スク上のデータは 一致しなくなるだろう。 ページをカーネルに渡すと、この次の "
6632 "B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> でそのページの移動を行うことができる。 このフ"
6633 "ラグが指定されなかった場合、この次の B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> でその"
6634 "ページのコピーを行わなければならない。 データはメモリ上でページ境界にあってい"
6635 "なければならず、 長さもページ境界の倍数でなければならない。"
6638 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:122
6640 "Upon successful completion, B<vmsplice>() returns the number of bytes "
6641 "transferred to the pipe. On error, B<vmsplice>() returns -1 and I<errno> "
6642 "is set to indicate the error."
6644 "成功して完了すると、 B<vmsplice>() はパイプに転送したバイト数を返す。 エラー"
6645 "の場合、 B<vmplice>() は -1 を返し、 I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
6648 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:127
6649 msgid "I<fd> either not valid, or doesn't refer to a pipe."
6650 msgstr "I<fd> が有効でない、もしくはパイプを参照していない。"
6653 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:135
6655 "I<nr_segs> is 0 or greater than B<IOV_MAX>; or memory not aligned if "
6656 "B<SPLICE_F_GIFT> set."
6658 "I<nr_segs> が 0 もしくは B<IOV_MAX> よりも大きい。または B<SPLICE_F_GIFT> が"
6659 "設定されたがメモリがページ境界にあっていない。"
6662 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:142
6663 msgid "The B<vmsplice>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17."
6664 msgstr "B<vmsplice>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で初めて登場した。"
6667 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:153
6669 "B<vmsplice>() follows the other vectorized read/write type functions when "
6670 "it comes to limitations on number of segments being passed in. This limit "
6671 "is B<IOV_MAX> as defined in I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>>. At the time of this "
6672 "writing, that limit is 1024."
6674 "指定されたセグメント数が上限に達した場合、 B<vmsplice>() は他のベクトル形式"
6675 "の read/write を行う関数と同じ動作をする。 上限は B<IOV_MAX> であり、 "
6676 "I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>> で定義されている。 このドキュメントを書いた時点での値"
6680 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:156
6681 msgid "B<splice>(2), B<tee>(2)"
6682 msgstr "B<splice>(2), B<tee>(2)"
6686 #~| "Indicates that this process is to be traced by its parent. Any signal "
6687 #~| "(except B<SIGKILL>) delivered to this process will cause it to stop and "
6688 #~| "its parent to be notified via B<wait>(2). Also, all subsequent calls to "
6689 #~| "B<execve>(2) by this process will cause a B<SIGTRAP> to be sent to it, "
6690 #~| "giving the parent a chance to gain control before the new program begins "
6691 #~| "execution. A process probably shouldn't make this request if its parent "
6692 #~| "isn't expecting to trace it. (I<pid>, I<addr>, and I<data> are ignored.)"
6694 #~ "Indicate that this process is to be traced by its parent. Any signal "
6695 #~ "(except B<SIGKILL>) delivered to this process will cause it to stop and "
6696 #~ "its parent to be notified via B<waitpid>(2). In addition, all subsequent "
6697 #~ "calls to B<execve>(2) by the traced process will cause a B<SIGTRAP> to "
6698 #~ "be sent to it, giving the parent a chance to gain control before the new "
6699 #~ "program begins execution. A process probably shouldn't make this request "
6700 #~ "if its parent isn't expecting to trace it. (I<pid>, I<addr>, and I<data> "
6703 #~ "このプロセスが親プロセスによってトレースされることを表す。 このプロセスに "
6704 #~ "(B<SIGKILL> 以外の) シグナルが配送されると、 プロセスは停止し、親プロセス"
6705 #~ "に B<wait>(2) を通じて通知される。 また、これ以降はこのプロセスが "
6706 #~ "B<execve>(2) を呼び出す度に B<SIGTRAP> が送信されるようになる。 これに"
6707 #~ "よって、親プロセスは 新しいプログラムが実行を開始する前に制御することがで"
6708 #~ "きる。 親プロセスが自プロセスをトレースするつもりがない場合には、 おそらく"
6709 #~ "このプロセスは本要求を行うべきではないだろう。 (I<pid>, I<addr>, I<data> "
6713 #~ "Stop the child at the next B<execve>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
6714 #~ "PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8>."
6716 #~ "次の B<execve>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC\\ E<lt>E<lt>"
6717 #~ "\\ 8> で子プロセスの動作を停止させる。"
6720 #~ "Stop the child at the completion of the next B<vfork>(2) call with "
6721 #~ "I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8>."
6723 #~ "次の B<vfork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE\\ "
6724 #~ "E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> で子プロセスの動作を停止させる。"
6727 #~ "Attaches to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a traced \"child\" "
6728 #~ "of the calling process; the behavior of the child is as if it had done a "
6729 #~ "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>. The calling process actually becomes the parent of "
6730 #~ "the child process for most purposes (e.g., it will receive notification "
6731 #~ "of child events and appears in B<ps>(1) output as the child's parent), "
6732 #~ "but a B<getppid>(2) by the child will still return the PID of the "
6733 #~ "original parent. The child is sent a B<SIGSTOP>, but will not "
6734 #~ "necessarily have stopped by the completion of this call; use B<wait>(2) "
6735 #~ "to wait for the child to stop. (I<addr> and I<data> are ignored.)"
6737 #~ "I<pid> で指定されたプロセスに接続 (attach) し、それを呼び出し元のプロセス"
6738 #~ "の 子プロセスとしてトレースできるようにする。子プロセスは "
6739 #~ "B<PTRACE_TRACEME> したかのように振舞う。呼び出し元のプロセスはそのほとんど"
6740 #~ "の目的において、 その子プロセスの実際の親になる (例えば、子プロセスのイベ"
6741 #~ "ントの 通知を受けとったり、 B<ps>(1) で親として表示されたりする)。しか"
6742 #~ "し、子プロセスで B<getppid>(2) を実行した場合には元の親プロセスの PID が"
6743 #~ "返される。 子プロセスには B<SIGSTOP> が送られるが、この呼び出しが完了する"
6744 #~ "までに 必ずしも停止するとは限らない。子プロセスの停止を待つには B<wait>"
6745 #~ "(2) を使用すること。(I<addr> と I<data> は無視される。)"
6748 #~ "Tracing causes a few subtle differences in the semantics of traced "
6749 #~ "processes. For example, if a process is attached to with "
6750 #~ "B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, its original parent can no longer receive notification "
6751 #~ "via B<wait>(2) when it stops, and there is no way for the new parent to "
6752 #~ "effectively simulate this notification."
6754 #~ "トレースすることによってトレースされるプロセスの動作に些細な違いが 起こる"
6755 #~ "ことがある。例えば、プロセスが B<PTRACE_ATTACH> によって接続された場合に"
6756 #~ "は、そのプロセスが停止した時でも本来の親は B<wait>(2) を使って通知を受け"
6757 #~ "ることができず、新しい親が効率よく この通知を真似る方法もない。"
6760 #~ "When the parent receives an event with B<PTRACE_EVENT_*> set, the child "
6761 #~ "is not in the normal signal delivery path. This means the parent cannot "
6762 #~ "do B<ptrace>(PTRACE_CONT) with a signal or B<ptrace>(PTRACE_KILL). "
6763 #~ "B<kill>(2) with a B<SIGKILL> signal can be used instead to kill the "
6764 #~ "child process after receiving one of these messages."
6766 #~ "親プロセスが B<PTRACE_EVENT_*> がセットされたイベントを受信した場合、 子プ"
6767 #~ "ロセスは通常通りのシグナル配送が行われる状態にない。 つまり、親プロセス"
6768 #~ "が、 シグナルにより B<ptrace>(PTRACE_CONT) を行ったり、 B<ptrace>"
6769 #~ "(PTRACE_KILL) を行ったりできないということである。 こららのメッセージの受"
6770 #~ "信後は、子プロセスを終了 (kill) するのに、 シグナル B<SIGKILL> を指定して "
6771 #~ "B<kill>(2) を行う方法を代わりに使用できる。"
6774 #~ "The SunOS man page describes B<ptrace>() as \"unique and arcane\", which "
6775 #~ "it is. The proc-based debugging interface present in Solaris 2 "
6776 #~ "implements a superset of B<ptrace>() functionality in a more powerful "
6777 #~ "and uniform way."
6779 #~ "SunOS のマニュアル・ページには B<ptrace>() は「独特で不可解」と記述されて"
6780 #~ "おり、まさしくそうである。 Solaris 2 では proc ベースの デバッグのインター"
6781 #~ "フェースとして B<ptrace>() の上位互換関数が実装され、より強力で一貫性のあ"
6784 #~ msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>\n"
6785 #~ msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>\n"
6788 #~ "The second argument I<special> is the block special device these quota "
6789 #~ "apply to. It must be mounted."
6791 #~ "二番目の引き数 I<special> は quota を適用するデバイスのブロック・スペシャ"
6792 #~ "ル・ファイルである。 そのデバイスはマウントされていなくてはならない。"
6795 #~ "The third argument I<id> is the user or group ID these quota apply to "
6796 #~ "(when relevant)."
6798 #~ "三番目の引き数 I<id> には、(必要な場合に) quota を適用するユーザーもしくは"
6799 #~ "グループの ID を指定する。"
6802 #~ "The fourth argument I<addr> is the address of a data structure, depending "
6803 #~ "on the command."
6805 #~ "四番目の引き数 I<addr> には、コマンドごとに異ったデータ構造体のアドレスを"
6809 #~ "Enable quota. The I<addr> argument is the pathname of the file "
6810 #~ "containing the quota for the file system."
6812 #~ "quota を有効にする。 I<addr> 引き数には、そのファイル・システムの quota が"
6813 #~ "記録されているファイルの パス名を指定する。"
6815 #~ msgid "Disable quota."
6816 #~ msgstr "quota を無効にする。"
6818 #~ msgid "Set limits and current usage; I<addr> is as before."
6819 #~ msgstr "制限値と現在の使用量を設定する: I<addr> は同上。"
6821 #~ msgid "Set limits; I<addr> is as before."
6822 #~ msgstr "制限値を設定する; I<addr> は同上。"
6824 #~ msgid "B<Q_SETUSE>"
6825 #~ msgstr "B<Q_SETUSE>"
6827 #~ msgid "Set usage."
6828 #~ msgstr "使用量を設定する。"
6830 #~ msgid "Sync disk copy of a file system's quota."
6831 #~ msgstr "ファイル・システムの quota ファイルをディスクと同期させる。"
6833 #~ msgid "Get collected stats."
6834 #~ msgstr "収集された統計を取得する。"
6837 #~ "On success, B<quotactl>() returns 0. On error, -1 is returned, and "
6838 #~ "I<errno> is set appropriately."
6840 #~ "B<quotactl>() は、成功時には 0 を返す。エラー時は、-1 を返すとともに、 "
6841 #~ "I<errno> が適切な値に設定される。"
6843 #~ msgid "B<Q_QUOTAON> was asked, but quotas were enabled already."
6844 #~ msgstr "B<Q_QUOTAON> の要求がなされたが、quota(s) は既に有効になっている。"
6846 #~ msgid "Bad I<addr> value."
6847 #~ msgstr "I<addr> の値に誤りがある。"
6850 #~ "I<type> is not a known quota type. Or, I<special> could not be found."
6852 #~ "I<type> が既知の quota の形式ではない。もしくは、 I<special> デバイスが見"
6855 #~ msgid "Cannot read or write the quota file."
6856 #~ msgstr "quota ファイルへの読み書きが出来ない。"
6858 #~ msgid "B<EMFILE>"
6859 #~ msgstr "B<EMFILE>"
6861 #~ msgid "Too many open files: cannot open quota file."
6862 #~ msgstr "ファイルをオープンしすぎている: quota ファイルをオープン出来ない。"
6864 #~ msgid "I<special> cannot be found in the mount table."
6865 #~ msgstr "I<special> がマウント・テーブル内に見当たらない。"
6867 #~ msgid "B<ENOPKG>"
6868 #~ msgstr "B<ENOPKG>"
6870 #~ msgid "The kernel was compiled without quota support."
6871 #~ msgstr "quota を使用可にしてカーネルをコンパイルしていない。"
6874 #~ "The process was not root (for the file system), and B<Q_GETQUOTA> was "
6875 #~ "asked for another I<id> than that of the process itself, or anything "
6876 #~ "other than B<Q_GETSTATS> or B<Q_SYNC> was asked."
6878 #~ "プロセスが (そのファイル・システムの) root のものではなく、 かつプロセス自"
6879 #~ "身のものとは異なる I<id> に対して B<Q_GETQUOTA> 要求を行なった。 もしく"
6880 #~ "は、 B<Q_GETSTATS>, B<Q_SYNC> 以外の要求がなされた。"
6883 #~ "B<Q_GETQUOTA> or B<Q_SETQUOTA> or B<Q_SETUSE> or B<Q_SETQLIM> was asked "
6884 #~ "for a file system that didn't have quota enabled."
6886 #~ "quota が有効になっていないファイル・システムに対して B<Q_GETQUOTA>, "
6887 #~ "B<Q_SETQUOTA>, B<Q_SETUSE>, B<Q_SETQLIM> のいずれかの要求がなされた。"