1 # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
4 # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
8 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
9 "POT-Creation-Date: 2014-04-13 10:26+0900\n"
10 "PO-Revision-Date: 2014-04-13 10:36+0900\n"
11 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
12 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
15 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
16 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
19 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25
25 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25
31 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25 build/C/man2/futex.2:53
32 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27
33 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
34 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
35 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:26 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
36 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27
37 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:32 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
38 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:44
39 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19
40 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25 build/C/man2/splice.2:26
41 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vm86.2:26 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
47 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:25 build/C/man2/futex.2:53
48 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26
49 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24
50 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8 build/C/man2/outb.2:26
51 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27
52 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27 build/C/man2/personality.2:32
53 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29
54 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:44 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27
55 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25
56 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:26 build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vm86.2:26
57 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
59 msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual"
60 msgstr "Linux Programmer's Manual"
63 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:26 build/C/man2/futex.2:54
64 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:30 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:28
65 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:27 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:28
66 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:25 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:9
67 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:27 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:9
68 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:28 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:28
69 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:33 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:11
70 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:30 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:45
71 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:28 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:20
72 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:26 build/C/man2/splice.2:27
73 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:27 build/C/man2/vm86.2:27 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:27
79 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:28
80 msgid "arch_prctl - set architecture-specific thread state"
81 msgstr "arch_prctl - アーキテクチャ固有のスレッド状態を設定する"
84 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:28 build/C/man2/futex.2:56
85 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:32 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:30
86 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:29 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:30
87 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:27 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:11
88 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:31 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:11
89 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:30 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:30
90 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:35 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:13
91 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:32 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:47
92 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:30 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:22
93 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:28 build/C/man2/splice.2:29
94 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:29 build/C/man2/vm86.2:29 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:29
100 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:31
102 msgid "B<#include E<lt>asm/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
103 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>asm/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
106 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:33
108 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
109 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/prctl.hE<gt>>\n"
112 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:36
115 "B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long >I<addr>B<);>\n"
116 "B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long *>I<addr>B<);>\n"
117 msgstr "B<int arch_prctl(int >I<code>B<, unsigned long *>I<addr>B<);>\n"
119 #. Return type was long before glibc 2.7
121 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:37 build/C/man2/futex.2:68
122 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:44 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:40
123 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:39 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:32
124 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:36 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:18
125 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:62 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:22
126 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:42 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:39
127 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:39 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:18
128 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:50 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:54
129 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:38 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:47
130 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:34 build/C/man2/splice.2:39
131 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:38 build/C/man2/vm86.2:35 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:39
137 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:52
139 "The B<arch_prctl>() function sets architecture-specific process or thread "
140 "state. I<code> selects a subfunction and passes argument I<addr> to it; "
141 "I<addr> is interpreted as either an I<unsigned long> for the \"set\" "
142 "operations, or as an I<unsigned long\\ *>, for the \"get\" operations."
144 "B<arch_prctl>() 関数はアーキテクチャ固有のプロセス状態またはスレッド状態を設"
145 "定する。 I<code> は副機能を選択し、引き数 I<addr> を副機能に渡す。 I<addr> "
146 "は、\"set\" 操作では I<unsigned long> として、\"get\" 操作では I<unsigned "
147 "long\\ *> として解釈される。"
150 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:54
151 msgid "Subfunctions for x86-64 are:"
152 msgstr "x86-64 の副機能は以下の通り:"
155 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:54
157 msgid "B<ARCH_SET_FS>"
158 msgstr "B<ARCH_SET_FS>"
161 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:60
162 msgid "Set the 64-bit base for the I<FS> register to I<addr>."
163 msgstr "I<FS> レジスタの 64 ビットベースを I<addr> に設定する。"
166 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:60
168 msgid "B<ARCH_GET_FS>"
169 msgstr "B<ARCH_GET_FS>"
172 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:68
174 "Return the 64-bit base value for the I<FS> register of the current thread in "
175 "the I<unsigned long> pointed to by I<addr>."
177 "現在のスレッドの I<FS> レジスタの 64 ビットベース値を、 I<addr> が指す "
178 "I<unsigned long> の領域に格納する。"
181 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:68
183 msgid "B<ARCH_SET_GS>"
184 msgstr "B<ARCH_SET_GS>"
187 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:74
188 msgid "Set the 64-bit base for the I<GS> register to I<addr>."
189 msgstr "I<GS> レジスタの 64 ビットベースを I<addr> に設定する。"
192 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:74
194 msgid "B<ARCH_GET_GS>"
195 msgstr "B<ARCH_GET_GS>"
198 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:82
200 "Return the 64-bit base value for the I<GS> register of the current thread in "
201 "the I<unsigned long> pointed to by I<addr>."
203 "現在のスレッドの I<GS> レジスタの 64 ビットベース値を、 I<addr> が指す "
204 "I<unsigned long> の領域に格納する。"
207 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:82 build/C/man2/futex.2:214
208 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:77 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:81
209 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:114 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:43
210 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:98 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:53
211 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:50 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2342
212 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:190 build/C/man2/personality.2:57
213 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:101 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:209
214 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1853 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:419
215 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:108 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:88
216 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:127 build/C/man2/tee.2:85 build/C/man2/vm86.2:54
217 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:113
223 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:88
225 "On success, B<arch_prctl>() returns 0; on error, -1 is returned, and "
226 "I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
228 "成功すると、 B<arch_prctl>() は 0 を返す。エラーの場合、-1 を返し、 "
229 "I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
232 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:88 build/C/man2/futex.2:239
233 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:84 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:88
234 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:121 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:50
235 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:108 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:77
236 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2348 build/C/man2/personality.2:64
237 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:105 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:229
238 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1868 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:427
239 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:115 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:91
240 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:142 build/C/man2/tee.2:100 build/C/man2/vm86.2:59
241 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:122
247 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:89 build/C/man2/futex.2:254
248 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:111 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:51
249 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:109 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:251
250 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:256 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1872
251 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:428 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:125
252 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:60
258 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:93
260 "I<addr> points to an unmapped address or is outside the process address "
263 "I<addr> がアンマップされたアドレスを指しているか、プロセスのアドレス空間の外"
267 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:93 build/C/man2/futex.2:266
268 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:88 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:126
269 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:54 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:113
270 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:78 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2364
271 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:65 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:114
272 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:230 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:241
273 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:245 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1883
274 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:434 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:501
275 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:128 build/C/man2/splice.2:147
276 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:101 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:127
282 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:97
283 msgid "I<code> is not a valid subcommand."
284 msgstr "I<code> が有効なサブコマンドでない。"
287 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:97 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:98
288 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:133 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:65
289 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:105 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:120
290 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:267 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1893
291 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:456 build/C/man2/vm86.2:68
297 #. Man page written by Andi Kleen.
299 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:103
300 msgid "I<addr> is outside the process address space."
301 msgstr "I<addr> がプロセスのアドレス空間の外にある。"
304 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:103 build/C/man2/futex.2:301
305 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:96 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:142
306 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:78 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:130
307 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:58 build/C/man2/outb.2:87
308 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:112 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2382
309 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:199 build/C/man2/personality.2:68
310 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:128 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:279
311 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1911 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:148
312 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:97 build/C/man2/splice.2:170
313 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:119 build/C/man2/vm86.2:73 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:143
315 msgid "CONFORMING TO"
319 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:107
321 "B<arch_prctl>() is a Linux/x86-64 extension and should not be used in "
322 "programs intended to be portable."
324 "B<arch_prctl>() は Linux/x86-64 拡張であり、移植性を意図したプログラムでは使"
328 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:107 build/C/man2/futex.2:303
329 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:119 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:99
330 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:144 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:81
331 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:133 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2387
332 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:202 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:131
333 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:281 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1913
334 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:155 build/C/man2/splice.2:172
335 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:121 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:145
341 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:110
343 "B<arch_prctl>() is supported only on Linux/x86-64 for 64-bit programs "
346 "B<arch_prctl>() は現在のところ Linux/x86-64 上の 64 ビットプログラムでのみサ"
350 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:112
351 msgid "The 64-bit base changes when a new 32-bit segment selector is loaded."
353 "新しい 32 ビットセグメントセレクタがロードされた場合、 64 ビットベースは変更"
357 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:115
358 msgid "B<ARCH_SET_GS> is disabled in some kernels."
359 msgstr "B<ARCH_SET_GS> が無効にされているカーネルもある。"
362 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:130
364 "Context switches for 64-bit segment bases are rather expensive. It may be a "
365 "faster alternative to set a 32-bit base using a segment selector by setting "
366 "up an LDT with B<modify_ldt>(2) or using the B<set_thread_area>(2) system "
367 "call in kernel 2.5 or later. B<arch_prctl>() is needed only when you want "
368 "to set bases that are larger than 4GB. Memory in the first 2GB of address "
369 "space can be allocated by using B<mmap>(2) with the B<MAP_32BIT> flag."
371 "64 ビットセグメントベースのコンテキストスイッチは、やや高価である。 LDT を "
372 "B<modify_ldt>(2) で設定してセグメントセレクタを使うか、 (カーネル 2.5 以降"
373 "の) B<set_thread_area>(2) システムコールを使うことにより、 32 ビットベース"
374 "を設定するという高速な代替手段もある。 4GB より大きなベースを設定したい場合に"
375 "のみ、 B<arch_prctl>() が必要である。 アドレス空間の最初の 2GB にあるメモリ"
376 "は、 B<mmap>(2) に B<MAP_32BIT> フラグを指定して割り当てることができる。"
379 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:135
381 "As of version 2.7, glibc provides no prototype for B<arch_prctl>(). You "
382 "have to declare it yourself for now. This may be fixed in future glibc "
385 "バージョン 2.7 時点では、glibc には B<arch_prctl>() のプロトタイプがない。 "
386 "今のところユーザは自分自身で宣言する必要がある。 これは将来の glibc のバー"
390 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:138
391 msgid "I<FS> may be already used by the threading library."
392 msgstr "I<FS> はスレッドライブラリで既に使われているかもしれない。"
395 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:138 build/C/man2/futex.2:317
396 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:128 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:111
397 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:159 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:136
398 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:96 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:114
399 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2518 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:205
400 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:143 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:331
401 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2079 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:507
402 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:197 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:99
403 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:226 build/C/man2/tee.2:197
404 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:154
410 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:143
411 msgid "B<mmap>(2), B<modify_ldt>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<set_thread_area>(2)"
412 msgstr "B<mmap>(2), B<modify_ldt>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<set_thread_area>(2)"
415 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:145
416 msgid "AMD X86-64 Programmer's manual"
417 msgstr "AMD X86-64 Programmer's manual"
420 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:145 build/C/man2/futex.2:331
421 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:137 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:113
422 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:162 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:88
423 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:138 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:60
424 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:99 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:116
425 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2524 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:209
426 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:72 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:149
427 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:334 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2093
428 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:512 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:203
429 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:102 build/C/man2/splice.2:230
430 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:200 build/C/man2/vm86.2:76 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:157
436 #: build/C/man2/arch_prctl.2:152 build/C/man2/futex.2:338
437 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:144 build/C/man2/getunwind.2:120
438 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:169 build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:95
439 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:145 build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:67
440 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:106 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:123
441 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2531 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:216
442 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:79 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:156
443 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:341 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2100
444 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:519 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:210
445 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:109 build/C/man2/splice.2:237
446 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:207 build/C/man2/vm86.2:83 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:164
448 "This page is part of release 3.63 of the Linux I<man-pages> project. A "
449 "description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be "
450 "found at \\%http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/."
452 "この man ページは Linux I<man-pages> プロジェクトのリリース 3.63 の一部\n"
453 "である。プロジェクトの説明とバグ報告に関する情報は\n"
454 "http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/ に書かれている。"
457 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:53
463 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:53
465 #| msgid "2012-12-31"
470 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:56
471 msgid "futex - fast user-space locking"
472 msgstr "futex - 高速ユーザ空間ロック"
475 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:61
478 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
479 "B<#include E<lt>sys/time.hE<gt>>\n"
481 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
482 "B<#include E<lt>sys/time.hE<gt>>\n"
485 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:64
487 msgid "B<int futex(int *>I<uaddr>B<, int >I<op>B<, int >I<val>B<, const struct timespec *>I<timeout>B<,>\n"
488 msgstr "B<int futex(int *>I<uaddr>B<, int >I<op>B<, int >I<val>B<, const struct timespec *>I<timeout>B<,>\n"
490 #. int *? void *? u32 *?
492 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:67
494 msgid "B< int *>I<uaddr2>B<, int >I<val3>B<);>\n"
495 msgstr "B< int *>I<uaddr2>B<, int >I<val3>B<);>\n"
498 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:84
500 "The B<futex>() system call provides a method for a program to wait for a "
501 "value at a given address to change, and a method to wake up anyone waiting "
502 "on a particular address (while the addresses for the same memory in separate "
503 "processes may not be equal, the kernel maps them internally so the same "
504 "memory mapped in different locations will correspond for B<futex>() "
505 "calls). This system call is typically used to implement the contended case "
506 "of a lock in shared memory, as described in B<futex>(7)."
508 "B<futex>() システムコールは、 指定したアドレスの値が変更されるのをプログラム"
509 "が待つ手段や 特定のアドレスに対して待機中のプロセスを wake (起床) させる手段"
510 "を提供する (プロセスが異なれば同じメモリに対するアドレスも同じではないかもし"
511 "れないが、 カーネルは異なる位置にマップされた同じメモリを B<futex>() で使え"
512 "るよう内部でマップする)。 通常は、このシステムコールは B<futex>(7) に書かれ"
513 "ているように、 共有メモリ中のロックが競合する場合の処理を実装するのに用いられ"
517 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:91
519 "When a B<futex>(7) operation did not finish uncontended in user space, a "
520 "call needs to be made to the kernel to arbitrate. Arbitration can either "
521 "mean putting the calling process to sleep or, conversely, waking a waiting "
524 "B<futex>(7) の操作がユーザ空間で競合なく完了しなかった場合、 カーネルに仲裁"
525 "させるためにシステムコールを呼ぶ必要がある。 仲裁というのは、呼び出しプロセス"
526 "を sleep (起床待ち) させたり、反対に 待ちプロセスを wake させたりすることを意"
530 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:98
532 "Callers of this function are expected to adhere to the semantics as set out "
533 "in B<futex>(7). As these semantics involve writing nonportable assembly "
534 "instructions, this in turn probably means that most users will in fact be "
535 "library authors and not general application developers."
537 "この関数を呼び出すプロセスは B<futex>(7) に記述されているセマンティクスに忠"
538 "実であることが要求される。 このセマンティクスには移植不可能なアセンブリ命令を"
539 "書くことが含まれる。 このことは言い換えると futex のユーザのほとんどは実際は"
540 "ライブラリの作者であり、 一般アプリケーションの開発者ではないということであ"
544 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:106
546 "The I<uaddr> argument needs to point to an aligned integer which stores the "
547 "counter. The operation to execute is passed via the I<op> argument, along "
548 "with a value I<val>."
550 "I<uaddr> 引き数は、カウンタを格納する、 アラインメントの揃った int 型変数を指"
551 "している必要がある。 実行する操作は I<op> 引き数を介して、値 I<val> とともに"
555 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:108
556 msgid "Five operations are currently defined:"
557 msgstr "現在のところ 5 つの操作が定義されている:"
560 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:108 build/C/man2/futex.2:221
562 msgid "B<FUTEX_WAIT>"
563 msgstr "B<FUTEX_WAIT>"
566 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:131
568 "This operation atomically verifies that the futex address I<uaddr> still "
569 "contains the value I<val>, and sleeps awaiting B<FUTEX_WAKE> on this futex "
570 "address. If the I<timeout> argument is non-NULL, its contents specify the "
571 "duration of the wait. (This interval will be rounded up to the system clock "
572 "granularity, and kernel scheduling delays mean that the blocking interval "
573 "may overrun by a small amount.) If I<timeout> is NULL, the call blocks "
574 "indefinitely. The arguments I<uaddr2> and I<val3> are ignored."
576 "この操作は futex アドレス I<uaddr> に指定された値 I<val> がまだ格納されている"
577 "かどうかを不可分操作で検証し、 sleep 状態で この futex アドレスに対して "
578 "B<FUTEX_WAKE> が実行されるのを待つ。 I<timeout> 引き数が NULL でない場合、そ"
579 "の内容は待ち時間の最大値を表す (この停止時間はシステムクロックの粒度に切り上"
580 "げられ、 カーネルのスケジューリング遅延により少しだけ長くなる可能性がある)。 "
581 "NULL の場合、 呼び出しは無限に停止する。 引き数 I<uaddr2> と I<val3> は無視さ"
585 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:139
587 "For B<futex>(7), this call is executed if decrementing the count gave a "
588 "negative value (indicating contention), and will sleep until another process "
589 "releases the futex and executes the B<FUTEX_WAKE> operation."
591 "B<futex>(7) に照らし合わせると、この呼び出しは カウントのデクリメントで負の"
592 "値 (競合を表す) になった場合に実行され、 別のプロセスがその futex を解放し "
593 "B<FUTEX_WAKE> の操作を実行するまで sleep する。"
596 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:139 build/C/man2/futex.2:227
598 msgid "B<FUTEX_WAKE>"
599 msgstr "B<FUTEX_WAKE>"
602 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:150
604 "This operation wakes at most I<val> processes waiting on this futex address "
605 "(i.e., inside B<FUTEX_WAIT>). The arguments I<timeout>, I<uaddr2> and "
606 "I<val3> are ignored."
608 "この操作では指定した futex アドレスに対して待ち状態の (すなわち "
609 "B<FUTEX_WAIT> 中の) 最大 I<val> 個のプロセスを wake させる。 引き数 "
610 "I<timeout>, I<uaddr2>, I<val3> は無視される。"
613 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:156
615 "For B<futex>(7), this is executed if incrementing the count showed that "
616 "there were waiters, once the futex value has been set to 1 (indicating that "
619 "B<futex>(4) に照らし合わせると、 この操作は カウントのインクリメントで待ちプ"
620 "ロセスがあると判明し、 futex 値が 1 に設定された (利用可能であることを表す) "
624 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:156
626 msgid "B<FUTEX_FD> (present up to and including Linux 2.6.25)"
627 msgstr "B<FUTEX_FD> (Linux 2.6.25 以前)"
629 #. , suitable for .BR poll (2).
631 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:172
633 "To support asynchronous wakeups, this operation associates a file descriptor "
634 "with a futex. If another process executes a B<FUTEX_WAKE>, the process will "
635 "receive the signal number that was passed in I<val>. The calling process "
636 "must close the returned file descriptor after use. The arguments "
637 "I<timeout>, I<uaddr2> and I<val3> are ignored."
639 "非同期の wake に対応するため、この操作はファイルディスクリプタを futex に 関"
640 "連づける。 別のプロセスが B<FUTEX_WAKE> を実行すると、プロセスは I<val> で渡"
641 "されたシグナル番号のシグナルを受信する。 呼び出しプロセスは使用後、返された"
642 "ファイルディスクリプタを クローズしなければならない。 引き数 I<timeout>, "
643 "I<uaddr2>, I<val3> は無視される。"
646 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:177
648 "To prevent race conditions, the caller should test if the futex has been "
649 "upped after B<FUTEX_FD> returns."
651 "競合状態を防止するため、呼び出しプロセスは B<FUTEX_FD> が返ったあと futex が "
652 "up されたかどうかを確認しなければならない。"
655 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:181
657 "Because it was inherently racy, B<FUTEX_FD> has been removed from Linux "
660 "B<FUTEX_FD> はもともと競合が起きやすかったため、 Linux 2.6.26 以降で削除され"
664 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:181
666 msgid "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> (since Linux 2.5.70)"
667 msgstr "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> (Linux 2.5.70 以降)"
670 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:196
672 "This operation was introduced in order to avoid a \"thundering herd\" effect "
673 "when B<FUTEX_WAKE> is used and all processes woken up need to acquire "
674 "another futex. This call wakes up I<val> processes, and requeues all other "
675 "waiters on the futex at address I<uaddr2>. The arguments I<timeout> and "
676 "I<val3> are ignored."
678 "この操作は、 B<FUTEX_WAKE> が使われていて、かつ wake されている全てのプロセス"
679 "が 他の futex を取得する必要がある場合に、 「獣の群れの暴走 (thundering "
680 "herd)」効果を避けるために導入された。 この呼び出しは I<val> 個のプロセスを "
681 "wake し、アドレス I<uaddr2> で futex を待っている他の全てのプロセスを再度"
682 "キューにいれる。 引き数 I<timeout> と I<val3> は無視される。"
685 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:196
687 msgid "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> (since Linux 2.6.7)"
688 msgstr "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> (Linux 2.6.7 以降)"
691 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:214
693 "There was a race in the intended use of B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>, so "
694 "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> was introduced. This is similar to B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>, "
695 "but first checks whether the location I<uaddr> still contains the value "
696 "I<val3>. If not, the operation fails with the error B<EAGAIN>. The "
697 "argument I<timeout> is ignored."
699 "故意に B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> を使う場合に競合が起こるため、 B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> "
700 "が導入された。これは B<FUTEX_REQUEUE> と似ているが、場所 I<uaddr> に値 "
701 "I<val3> がまだ保持されているかを最初にチェックする。 保持されていない場合、操"
702 "作はエラー B<EAGAIN> で失敗する。引き数 I<timeout> は無視される。"
705 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:221
707 "In the event of an error, all operations return -1, and set I<errno> to "
708 "indicate the error. The return value on success depends on the operation, "
709 "as described in the following list:"
711 "エラーの場合、全ての操作で -1 が返り、 I<errno> がエラーの内容を示す値に設定"
712 "される。成功時の返り値は操作によって異なり、以下のリストに書かれている通りで"
716 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:227
718 "Returns 0 if the process was woken by a B<FUTEX_WAKE> call. See ERRORS for "
719 "the various possible error returns."
721 "そのプロセスが B<FUTEX_WAKE> により wake された場合 0 を返す。発生する可能性"
722 "があるエラーについては「エラー」の節を参照。"
725 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:230 build/C/man2/futex.2:236 build/C/man2/futex.2:239
726 msgid "Returns the number of processes woken up."
727 msgstr "wake したプロセスの数を返す。"
730 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:230
736 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:233
737 msgid "Returns the new file descriptor associated with the futex."
738 msgstr "futex に関連づけられた新たなファイルディスクリプタを返す。"
741 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:233
743 msgid "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>"
744 msgstr "B<FUTEX_REQUEUE>"
747 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:236
749 msgid "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE>"
750 msgstr "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE>"
753 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:240 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:486
759 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:243
760 msgid "No read access to futex memory."
761 msgstr "futex メモリに読み込みアクセス権がなかった。"
764 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:243 build/C/man2/sendfile.2:116
770 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:254
772 "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> detected that the value pointed to by I<uaddr> is not "
773 "equal to the expected value I<val3>. (This probably indicates a race; use "
774 "the safe B<FUTEX_WAKE> now.)"
776 "B<FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE> で、I<uaddr> が指す値が期待値 I<val3> と異なる状況が検出"
777 "された。 (これは競合を示しているかもしれない。この場合は安全な B<FUTEX_WAKE> "
781 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:259
782 msgid "Error retrieving I<timeout> information from user space."
783 msgstr "ユーザ空間から I<timeout> の情報を取得する際にエラーが発生した。"
786 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:259
792 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:266
794 "A B<FUTEX_WAIT> operation was interrupted by a signal (see B<signal>(7)) or "
797 "B<FUTEX_WAIT> 操作がシグナル (B<signal>(7) 参照) もしくは偽の wakeup により中"
801 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:269
802 msgid "Invalid argument."
806 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:269
812 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:272
813 msgid "The system limit on the total number of open files has been reached."
814 msgstr "オープンされているファイルの総数がシステムの制限に達した。"
817 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:272 build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:126
818 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:93 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:447
819 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:64
825 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:276
826 msgid "Invalid operation specified in I<op>."
827 msgstr "I<op> に無効な操作が指定された。"
830 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:276
833 msgstr "B<ETIMEDOUT>"
836 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:281
837 msgid "Timeout during the B<FUTEX_WAIT> operation."
838 msgstr "B<FUTEX_WAIT> 操作でタイムアウトが発生した。"
841 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:281
843 msgid "B<EWOULDBLOCK>"
844 msgstr "B<EWOULDBLOCK>"
847 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:291
849 "I<op> was B<FUTEX_WAIT> and the value pointed to by I<uaddr> was not equal "
850 "to the expected value I<val> at the time of the call."
852 "I<op> が B<FUTEX_WAIT> で、その呼び出しにおいて I<uaddr> が指す値が期待値 "
856 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:291 build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:115
857 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:94 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:138
858 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:73 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:196
859 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:125 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:276
860 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:142 build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:94
861 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:165 build/C/man2/tee.2:114
862 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:138
868 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:301
870 "Initial futex support was merged in Linux 2.5.7 but with different semantics "
871 "from what was described above. A 4-argument system call with the semantics "
872 "described in this page was introduced in Linux 2.5.40. In Linux 2.5.70 one "
873 "argument was added. In Linux 2.6.7 a sixth argument was added\\(emmessy, "
874 "especially on the s390 architecture."
876 "最初の futex 対応は Linux 2.5.7 で組み込まれたが、 上記のセマンティクスとは異"
877 "なる。 4 つの引き数のここに書かれているセマンティクスを持つ システムコール"
878 "は、Linux 2.5.40 で導入された。 Linux 2.5.70 では 1 つの引き数が追加された。 "
879 "Linux 2.6.7 では 6 番目の引き数が追加された。 これは汚く、s390 アーキテクチャ"
883 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:303 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:144
884 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:99 build/C/man2/splice.2:172
885 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:121 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:145
886 msgid "This system call is Linux-specific."
887 msgstr "このシステムコールは Linux 固有である。"
891 #. Futexes were designed and worked on by
892 #. Hubertus Franke (IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center),
893 #. Matthew Kirkwood, Ingo Molnar (Red Hat)
894 #. and Rusty Russell (IBM Linux Technology Center).
895 #. This page written by bert hubert.
897 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:317
899 "To reiterate, bare futexes are not intended as an easy-to-use abstraction "
900 "for end-users. (There is no wrapper function for this system call in "
901 "glibc.) Implementors are expected to be assembly literate and to have read "
902 "the sources of the futex user-space library referenced below."
904 "繰り返すが、裸の futex はエンドユーザが容易に使うことのできる概念として 意図"
905 "されたものではない (glibc にはこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数はな"
906 "い)。 実装者は、アセンブリ言語に慣れており、以下に挙げる futex ユーザ空間ライ"
907 "ブラリの ソースを読み終えていることが要求される。"
910 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:320
911 msgid "B<restart_syscall>(2), B<futex>(7)"
912 msgstr "B<restart_syscall>(2), B<futex>(7)"
915 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:323
917 "I<Fuss, Futexes and Furwocks: Fast Userlevel Locking in Linux> (proceedings "
918 "of the Ottawa Linux Symposium 2002), online at"
920 "I<Fuss, Futexes and Furwocks: Fast Userlevel Locking in Linux> (proceedings "
921 "of the Ottawa Linux Symposium 2002), online at"
924 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:326
926 "E<.UR http://kernel.org\\:/doc\\:/ols\\:/2002\\:/ols2002-pages-479-495.pdf> "
929 "E<.UR http://kernel.org\\:/doc\\:/ols\\:/2002\\:/ols2002-pages-479-495.pdf> "
933 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:328
934 msgid "Futex example library, futex-*.tar.bz2 at"
935 msgstr "futex の使用例ライブラリ, futex-*.tar.bz2"
938 #: build/C/man2/futex.2:331
941 #| "E<.UR ftp://ftp.nl.kernel.org\\:/pub\\:/linux\\:/kernel\\:/people\\:/"
944 "E<.UR ftp://ftp.kernel.org\\:/pub\\:/linux\\:/kernel\\:/people\\:/rusty/> E<."
947 "E<.UR ftp://ftp.nl.kernel.org\\:/pub\\:/linux\\:/kernel\\:/people\\:/rusty/> "
951 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29
953 msgid "GET_ROBUST_LIST"
954 msgstr "GET_ROBUST_LIST"
957 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26
958 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
964 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:29
966 msgid "Linux System Calls"
970 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:32
971 msgid "get_robust_list, set_robust_list - get/set list of robust futexes"
975 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:36
978 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
979 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
981 "B<#include E<lt>linux/futex.hE<gt>>\n"
982 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
985 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:40
988 "B<long get_robust_list(int >I<pid>B<, struct robust_list_head **>I<head_ptr>B<,>\n"
989 "B< size_t *>I<len_ptr>B<);>\n"
990 "B<long set_robust_list(struct robust_list_head *>I<head>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);>\n"
994 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:44
995 msgid "I<Note>: There are no glibc wrappers for these system calls; see NOTES."
997 "I<注意>: これらのシステムコールには glibc ラッパー関数は存在しない。 「注意」"
1001 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:49
1003 "The robust futex implementation needs to maintain per-thread lists of robust "
1004 "futexes which are unlocked when the thread exits. These lists are managed "
1005 "in user space; the kernel is notified about only the location of the head of "
1010 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:65
1012 "The B<get_robust_list>() system call returns the head of the robust futex "
1013 "list of the thread whose thread ID is specified in I<pid>. If I<pid> is 0, "
1014 "the head of the list for the calling thread is returned. The list head is "
1015 "stored in the location pointed to by I<head_ptr>. The size of the object "
1016 "pointed to by I<**head_ptr> is stored in I<len_ptr>."
1020 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:77
1022 "The B<set_robust_list>() system call requests the kernel to record the head "
1023 "of the list of robust futexes owned by the calling thread. The I<head> "
1024 "argument is the list head to record. The I<len> argument should be I<sizeof"
1029 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:84
1031 "The B<set_robust_list>() and B<get_robust_list>() system calls return zero "
1032 "when the operation is successful, an error code otherwise."
1036 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:88
1038 "The B<set_robust_list>() system call can fail with the following error:"
1042 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:94
1044 "I<len> does not match the size of structure B<struct robust_list_head> "
1045 "expected by kernel."
1049 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:98
1051 "The B<get_robust_list>() system call can fail with the following errors:"
1055 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:106
1057 "The calling process does not have permission to see the robust futex list of "
1058 "the thread with the thread ID I<pid>, and does not have the "
1059 "B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE> capability."
1063 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:106 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:271
1064 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1906 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:461
1065 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:504
1071 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:111
1072 msgid "No thread with the thread ID I<pid> could be found."
1076 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:115
1078 "The head of the robust futex list can't be stored at the location I<head>."
1082 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:119
1084 "These system calls were added in Linux 2.6.17. No library support is "
1085 "provided; use B<syscall>(2)."
1087 "これらのシステムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で追加された。ライブラリによる\n"
1088 "サポートは提供されていない。 B<syscall>(2) を使うこと。"
1091 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:124
1093 "These system calls are not needed by normal applications. No support for "
1094 "them is provided in glibc. In the unlikely event that you want to call them "
1095 "directly, use B<syscall>(2)."
1097 "通常のアプリケーションでは、これらのシステムコールは必要ではない。 glibc によ"
1098 "るサポートは提供されていない。おそらくないと思うが、このシステムコールを直接"
1099 "呼び出したい場合は B<syscall>(2) を使うこと。"
1102 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:128
1104 "A thread can have only one robust futex list; therefore applications that "
1105 "wish to use this functionality should use the robust mutexes provided by "
1109 #. .BR pthread_mutexattr_setrobust_np (3)
1111 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:131
1113 msgstr "B<futex>(2)"
1115 #. http://lwn.net/Articles/172149/
1117 #: build/C/man2/get_robust_list.2:137
1119 "I<Documentation/robust-futexes.txt> and I<Documentation/robust-futex-ABI."
1120 "txt> in the Linux kernel source tree"
1124 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27
1130 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:27 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27
1136 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:30
1137 msgid "getunwind - copy the unwind data to caller's buffer"
1141 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:34
1144 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1145 "B<#include E<lt>linux/unwind.hE<gt>>\n"
1147 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1148 "B<#include E<lt>linux/unwind.hE<gt>>\n"
1151 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:36
1153 msgid "B<long getunwind(void >I<*buf>B<, size_t >I<buf_size>B<);>\n"
1157 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:40 build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:39
1158 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:36 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:42
1159 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:39 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:18
1160 msgid "I<Note>: There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES."
1162 "I<注>: このシステムコールには glibc のラッパー関数は存在しない。「注意」の節"
1166 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:42
1167 msgid "I<Note: this function is obsolete.>"
1171 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:52
1173 "The IA-64-specific B<getunwind>() system call copies the kernel's call "
1174 "frame unwind data into the buffer pointed to by I<buf> and returns the size "
1175 "of the unwind data; this data describes the gate page (kernel code that is "
1176 "mapped into user space)."
1180 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:64
1182 "The size of the buffer I<buf> is specified in I<buf_size>. The data is "
1183 "copied only if I<buf_size> is greater than or equal to the size of the "
1184 "unwind data and I<buf> is not NULL; otherwise, no data is copied, and the "
1185 "call succeeds, returning the size that would be needed to store the unwind "
1190 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:68
1192 "The first part of the unwind data contains an unwind table. The rest "
1193 "contains the associated unwind information, in no particular order. The "
1194 "unwind table contains entries of the following form:"
1198 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:73
1201 " u64 start; (64-bit address of start of function)\n"
1202 " u64 end; (64-bit address of end of function)\n"
1203 " u64 info; (BUF-relative offset to unwind info)\n"
1207 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:81
1209 "An entry whose I<start> value is zero indicates the end of the table. For "
1210 "more information about the format, see the I<IA-64 Software Conventions and "
1211 "Runtime Architecture> manual."
1215 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:88
1217 "On success, B<getunwind>() returns the size of unwind table. On error, -1 "
1218 "is returned and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
1222 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:94
1224 "B<getunwind>() fails with the error B<EFAULT> if the unwind info can't be "
1225 "stored in the space specified by I<buf>."
1229 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:96
1230 msgid "This system call is available since Linux 2.4."
1234 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:99
1236 "This system call is Linux-specific, and is available only on the IA-64 "
1241 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:107
1243 "This system call has been deprecated. The modern way to obtain the kernel's "
1244 "unwind data is via the gate DSO. The address of the ELF header for this DSO "
1245 "is passed to user level via B<AT_SYSINFO_EHDR> (see B<getauxval>(3))."
1249 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:111
1251 "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; in the unlikely event "
1252 "that you want to call it, use B<syscall>(2)."
1254 "glibc はこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数を提供していない。おそらくない"
1255 "と思うが、このシステムコールを呼び出したい場合は B<syscall>(2) を使うこと。"
1258 #: build/C/man2/getunwind.2:113
1259 msgid "B<getauxval>(3)"
1260 msgstr "B<getauxval>(3)"
1263 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:26
1269 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:29
1270 msgid "kexec_load - load a new kernel for later execution"
1271 msgstr "kexec_load - 新しいカーネルを後で実行するためにロードする"
1274 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:31
1275 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/kexec.hE<gt>>"
1276 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>linux/kexec.hE<gt>>"
1279 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:33
1281 "B<long kexec_load(unsigned long >I<entry>B<, unsigned long >I<nr_segments>B<,"
1284 "B<long kexec_load(unsigned long >I<entry>B<, unsigned long >I<nr_segments>B<,"
1288 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:36
1289 msgid "B< struct kexec_segment *>I<segments>B<, unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>"
1290 msgstr "B< struct kexec_segment *>I<segments>B<, unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>"
1293 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:44
1295 "The B<kexec_load>() system call loads a new kernel that can be executed "
1296 "later by B<reboot>(2)."
1298 "B<kexec_load>() システムコールは、新しいカーネルをロードし、\n"
1299 "その後の B<reboot>(2) で実行できるようにする。"
1302 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:50
1304 "The I<flags> argument is a mask whose high-order bits control the operation "
1305 "of the call. The following values can be specified in I<flags>:"
1307 "I<flags> 引き数はマスクビットで、\n"
1308 "その上位ビットでシステムコールの呼び出しの動作を制御する。\n"
1309 "I<flags> には以下の値を指定できる。"
1312 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:50
1314 msgid "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
1315 msgstr "B<KEXEC_ON_CRASH> (Linux 2.6.13 以降)"
1317 #. FIXME figure out how this is really used
1319 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:54
1320 msgid "Execute the new kernel automatically on a system crash."
1321 msgstr "システムのクラッシュ時に、新しいカーネルを自動的に実行する。"
1324 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:54
1326 msgid "B<KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT> (since Linux 2.6.27)"
1327 msgstr "B<KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT> (Linux 2.6.27 以降)"
1330 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:64
1332 "Preserve the system hardware and software states before executing the new "
1333 "kernel. This could be used for system suspend. This flag is available only "
1334 "if the kernel was configured with B<CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP>, and is effective "
1335 "only if I<nr_segments> is greater than 0."
1338 "システムのハードウェアとソフトウェアの状態を保存する。\n"
1339 "システムの中断時 (suspend) などで使用できる。\n"
1340 "このフラグは、カーネルの設定で B<CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP> が有効の場合のみ\n"
1341 "利用可能であり、 I<nr_segments> が 0 より大きい場合のみ効果がある。"
1344 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:84
1346 "The low-order bits of I<flags> contain the architecture of the to-be-"
1347 "executed kernel. Specify (OR) the constant B<KEXEC_ARCH_DEFAULT> to use the "
1348 "current architecture, or one of the following architecture constants "
1349 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_386>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_X86_64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC>, "
1350 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_IA_64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_ARM>, "
1351 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_S390>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_SH>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS>, and "
1352 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS_LE>. The architecture must be executable on the CPU of "
1355 "I<flags> の下位ビットには、実行されるカーネルのアーキテクチャが入る。\n"
1356 "現在のアーキテクチャを使うことを意味する定数 B<KEXEC_ARCH_DEFAULT> か、\n"
1357 "アーキテクチャ定数 B<KEXEC_ARCH_386>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_X86_64>,\n"
1358 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_PPC64>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_IA_64>,\n"
1359 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_ARM>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_S390>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_SH>,\n"
1360 "B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS>, B<KEXEC_ARCH_MIPS_LE> の\n"
1361 "いずれか一つを (OR で) 指定する。指定するアーキテクチャは、\n"
1362 "システムの CPU で実行可能なものでなければならない。"
1365 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:98
1367 "The I<entry> argument is the physical entry address in the kernel image. "
1368 "The I<nr_segments> argument is the number of segments pointed to by the "
1369 "I<segments> pointer. The I<segments> argument is an array of "
1370 "I<kexec_segment> structures which define the kernel layout:"
1372 "I<entry> 引き数は、カーネルイメージの物理エントリーアドレスである。\n"
1373 "I<nr_segments> 引き数は、 I<segments> ポインタが指すセグメントの\n"
1374 "数である。 I<segments> 引き数は I<kexec_segment> 構造体の配列で、\n"
1375 "この構造体によりカーネルの配置が定義される。"
1378 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:107
1381 "struct kexec_segment {\n"
1382 " void *buf; /* Buffer in user space */\n"
1383 " size_t bufsz; /* Buffer length in user space */\n"
1384 " void *mem; /* Physical address of kernel */\n"
1385 " size_t memsz; /* Physical address length */\n"
1388 "struct kexec_segment {\n"
1389 " void *buf; /* Buffer in user space */\n"
1390 " size_t bufsz; /* Buffer length in user space */\n"
1391 " void *mem; /* Physical address of kernel */\n"
1392 " size_t memsz; /* Physical address length */\n"
1395 #. FIXME elaborate on the following:
1397 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:114
1399 "The kernel image defined by I<segments> is copied from the calling process "
1400 "into previously reserved memory."
1402 "I<segments> で定義されたカーネルイメージは、\n"
1403 "呼び出したプロセスから予約済みメモリにコピーされる。"
1406 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:121
1408 "On success, B<kexec_load>() returns 0. On error, -1 is returned and "
1409 "I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
1411 "成功すると、 B<kexec_load> は 0 を返す。\n"
1412 "エラーの場合、 -1 が返り、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値が設定される。"
1415 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:122 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:110
1416 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1869 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:495
1422 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:126
1424 "Another crash kernel is already being loaded or a crash kernel is already in "
1427 "別のクラッシュカーネルがすでにロードされているか、\n"
1428 "クラッシュカーネルがすでに使用されている。"
1430 #. KEXEC_SEGMENT_MAX == 16
1432 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:133
1433 msgid "I<flags> is invalid; or I<nr_segments> is too large"
1434 msgstr "I<flags> が無効である。 I<nr_segments> が大きすぎる。"
1437 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:138
1438 msgid "The caller does not have the B<CAP_SYS_BOOT> capability."
1439 msgstr "呼び出し側が B<CAP_SYS_BOOT> ケーパビリティを持っていない。"
1442 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:142
1443 msgid "The B<kexec_load>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.13."
1444 msgstr "B<kexec_load>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.13 で初めて登場した。"
1447 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:149
1449 "Currently, there is no glibc support for B<kexec_load>(). Call it using "
1452 "現在のところ、 B<kexec_load>() は glibc ではサポートされていない。\n"
1453 "B<syscall>(2) を使って呼び出すこと。"
1455 #. FIXME Andi submitted a patch for this.
1456 #. Check if it got accepted later.
1458 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:156
1460 "The required constants are in the Linux kernel source file I<linux/kexec.h>, "
1461 "which is not currently exported to glibc. Therefore, these constants must "
1462 "be defined manually."
1464 "必要な定数は Linux カーネルのソースファイル I<linux/kexec.h> で定義されてい"
1466 "が、現在のところ glibc には公開されていない。\n"
1467 "そのため、これらの定数は手動で定義しなければならない。"
1470 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:159
1472 "This system call is available only if the kernel was configured with "
1475 "このシステムコールは、カーネルの設定で B<CONFIG_KEXEC> が有効になって\n"
1479 #: build/C/man2/kexec_load.2:162
1480 msgid "B<reboot>(2), B<syscall>(2)"
1481 msgstr "B<reboot>(2), B<syscall>(2)"
1484 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
1486 msgid "LOOKUP_DCOOKIE"
1487 msgstr "LOOKUP_DCOOKIE"
1490 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:27
1496 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:30
1497 msgid "lookup_dcookie - return a directory entry's path"
1498 msgstr "lookup_dcookie - ディレクトリ・エントリのパス名を返す"
1501 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:32
1503 "B<int lookup_dcookie(u64 >I<cookie>B<, char *>I<buffer>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);"
1506 "B<int lookup_dcookie(u64 >I<cookie>B<, char *>I<buffer>B<, size_t >I<len>B<);"
1510 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:38
1512 "Look up the full path of the directory entry specified by the value "
1513 "I<cookie>. The cookie is an opaque identifier uniquely identifying a "
1514 "particular directory entry. The buffer given is filled in with the full "
1515 "path of the directory entry."
1517 "I<cookie> 値で指定されたディレクトリ・エントリのフルパス名を検索する。 "
1518 "cookie は、個々のディレクトリ・エントリを区別する内部識別子 (opaque "
1519 "identifier) である。引き数で指定されたバッファに、ディレクトリ・エントリの フ"
1523 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:43
1525 "For B<lookup_dcookie>() to return successfully, the kernel must still hold "
1526 "a cookie reference to the directory entry."
1528 "B<lookup_dcookie>() が正常に値を返すためには、カーネルがディレクトリ・エント"
1529 "リへの cookie 参照を 保持していなければならない。"
1532 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:50
1534 "On success, B<lookup_dcookie>() returns the length of the path string "
1535 "copied into the buffer. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set "
1538 "成功した場合、 B<lookup_dcookie>() はバッファにコピーしたパス文字列の長さを"
1539 "返す。 エラーの場合は -1 を返し、 I<errno> に適切な値を設定する。"
1542 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:54
1543 msgid "The buffer was not valid."
1544 msgstr "バッファが有効でなかった。"
1547 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:58
1549 "The kernel has no registered cookie/directory entry mappings at the time of "
1550 "lookup, or the cookie does not refer to a valid directory entry."
1552 "検索が行われた時、cookie とディレクトリ・エントリのマッピングがカーネルに 登"
1553 "録されていなかったか、または cookie が有効なディレクトリ・エントリを 参照して"
1557 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:58
1559 msgid "B<ENAMETOOLONG>"
1560 msgstr "B<ENAMETOOLONG>"
1563 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:61
1564 msgid "The name could not fit in the buffer."
1565 msgstr "名前がバッファに入り切らなかった。"
1568 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:61 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:262
1569 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:138 build/C/man2/splice.2:155
1570 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:111 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:135
1576 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:65
1578 "The kernel could not allocate memory for the temporary buffer holding the "
1581 "カーネルが、パス名を保持する一時バッファ用のメモリを割り当てることが できな"
1585 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:70
1587 "The process does not have the capability B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> required to look "
1590 "プロセスが cookie 値を検索するのに必要なケーパビリティ B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> を"
1594 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:70 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:474
1600 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:73
1602 "The buffer was not large enough to hold the path of the directory entry."
1604 "バッファが、ディレクトリ・エントリのパス名を収容するのに 十分な大きさではな"
1608 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:78
1610 "Available since Linux 2.5.43. The B<ENAMETOOLONG> error return was added in "
1613 "Linux 2.5.43 以降で利用できる。 エラー B<ENAMETOOLONG> を返す仕様は 2.5.70 で"
1617 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:81
1618 msgid "B<lookup_dcookie>() is Linux-specific."
1619 msgstr "B<lookup_dcookie>() は Linux 独自の関数である。"
1622 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:85
1624 "B<lookup_dcookie>() is a special-purpose system call, currently used only "
1625 "by the oprofile profiler. It relies on a kernel driver to register cookies "
1626 "for directory entries."
1628 "B<lookup_dcookie>() は特殊な用途に使われるシステムコールで、現在のところ "
1629 "oprofile profiler で 使われているだけである。"
1632 #: build/C/man2/lookup_dcookie.2:88
1634 "The path returned may be suffixed by the string \" (deleted)\" if the "
1635 "directory entry has been removed."
1637 "指定されたディレクトリ・エントリが削除されていた場合、返されるパス名の最後に "
1638 "\" (deleted)\" という文字列が付加されることがある。"
1641 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:24
1647 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:27
1648 msgid "modify_ldt - get or set ldt"
1649 msgstr "modify_ldt - ldt を設定または取得する"
1652 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:30
1654 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
1655 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>>\n"
1658 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:32
1660 msgid "B<int modify_ldt(int >I<func>B<, void *>I<ptr>B<, unsigned long >I<bytecount>B<);>\n"
1661 msgstr "B<int modify_ldt(int >I<func>B<, void *>I<ptr>B<, unsigned long >I<bytecount>B<);>\n"
1664 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:41
1666 "B<modify_ldt>() reads or writes the local descriptor table (ldt) for a "
1667 "process. The ldt is a per-process memory management table used by the i386 "
1668 "processor. For more information on this table, see an Intel 386 processor "
1671 "B<modify_ldt>() はプロセスのローカル・ディスクリプタ・テーブル (local "
1672 "descriptor table; ldt) を読み書きする。 ldt は i386 プロセッサで使用されるプ"
1673 "ロセスごとのメモリ管理テーブルである。 このテーブルに関してのより詳しい情報"
1674 "は Intel 386 processor handbook を 参照すること。"
1677 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:51
1679 "When I<func> is 0, B<modify_ldt>() reads the ldt into the memory pointed to "
1680 "by I<ptr>. The number of bytes read is the smaller of I<bytecount> and the "
1681 "actual size of the ldt."
1683 "I<func> が 0 ならば、 B<modify_ldt>() は ldt を I<ptr> が指しているメモリに"
1684 "読み込む。 読み込むバイト数は実際の ldt のサイズか I<bytecount> より小さい方"
1687 #. FIXME ? say something about func == 2 and func == 0x11?
1688 #. In Linux 2.4, func == 2 returned "the default ldt"
1689 #. In Linux 2.6, func == 2 is a nop, returning a zeroed out structure.
1690 #. Linux 2.4 and 2.6 implement an operation for func == 0x11
1692 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:69
1694 "When I<func> is 1, B<modify_ldt>() modifies one ldt entry. I<ptr> points "
1695 "to a I<user_desc> structure and I<bytecount> must equal the size of this "
1698 "I<func> が 1 ならば、 B<modify_ldt>() は ldt エントリの一つを変更する。 "
1699 "I<ptr> は I<user_desc> 構造体を指し、 I<bytecount> はこの構造体の大きさに等し"
1703 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:73
1704 msgid "The I<user_desc> structure is defined in I<E<lt>asm/ldt.hE<gt>> as:"
1706 "I<user_desc> 構造体は I<E<lt>asm/ldt.hE<gt>> で以下のように定義されている:"
1709 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:87
1712 "struct user_desc {\n"
1713 " unsigned int entry_number;\n"
1714 " unsigned long base_addr;\n"
1715 " unsigned int limit;\n"
1716 " unsigned int seg_32bit:1;\n"
1717 " unsigned int contents:2;\n"
1718 " unsigned int read_exec_only:1;\n"
1719 " unsigned int limit_in_pages:1;\n"
1720 " unsigned int seg_not_present:1;\n"
1721 " unsigned int useable:1;\n"
1724 "struct user_desc {\n"
1725 " unsigned int entry_number;\n"
1726 " unsigned long base_addr;\n"
1727 " unsigned int limit;\n"
1728 " unsigned int seg_32bit:1;\n"
1729 " unsigned int contents:2;\n"
1730 " unsigned int read_exec_only:1;\n"
1731 " unsigned int limit_in_pages:1;\n"
1732 " unsigned int seg_not_present:1;\n"
1733 " unsigned int useable:1;\n"
1737 #. The ldt is specific for the calling process. Any attempts to change
1738 #. the ldt to include the address space of another process or the kernel
1739 #. will result in a segmentation violation when trying to access the memory
1740 #. outside of the process address space. The memory protection is enforced
1741 #. at the paging layer.
1743 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:98
1744 msgid "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, this structure was named I<modify_ldt_ldt_s>."
1746 "Linux 2.4 以前では、この構造体は I<modify_ldt_ldt_s> という名前であった。"
1749 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:108
1751 "On success, B<modify_ldt>() returns either the actual number of bytes read "
1752 "(for reading) or 0 (for writing). On failure, B<modify_ldt>() returns -1 "
1753 "and sets I<errno> to indicate the error."
1755 "成功した場合は、 B<modify_ldt>() は (読み込みの場合は) 実際に読み込んだバイ"
1756 "ト数、 または (書き込みの場合は) 0 を返す。 失敗した場合は B<modify_ldt>() "
1757 "は -1 を返し、 I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
1760 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:113
1761 msgid "I<ptr> points outside the address space."
1762 msgstr "I<ptr> がアドレス空間の外を指している。"
1765 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:126
1767 "I<ptr> is 0, or I<func> is 1 and I<bytecount> is not equal to the size of "
1768 "the structure I<modify_ldt_ldt_s>, or I<func> is 1 and the new ldt entry has "
1771 "I<ptr> が 0 である、 または I<func> が 1 で I<bytecount> が "
1772 "I<modify_ldt_ldt_s> 構造体のサイズと等しくないか、 I<func> が 1 で新しい ldt "
1776 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:130
1777 msgid "I<func> is neither 0 nor 1."
1778 msgstr "I<func> が 0 でも 1 でもない。"
1781 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:133
1783 "This call is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs intended to "
1786 "このコールは Linux 特有であり、移植を意図したプログラムでは 使用してはいけな"
1790 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:136 build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:205
1791 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:134
1793 "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using "
1796 "glibc はこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数を提供していない。 B<syscall>"
1800 #: build/C/man2/modify_ldt.2:138
1805 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
1811 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:8
1817 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:11
1818 msgid "nfsservctl - syscall interface to kernel nfs daemon"
1819 msgstr "nfsservctl - カーネル nfs デーモンのためのインターフェース"
1822 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:14
1824 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/nfsd/syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1825 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>linux/nfsd/syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
1828 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:17
1831 "B<long nfsservctl(int >I<cmd>B<, struct nfsctl_arg *>I<argp>B<,>\n"
1832 "B< union nfsctl_res *>I<resp>B<);>\n"
1834 "B<long nfsservctl(int >I<cmd>B<, struct nfsctl_arg *>I<argp>B<,>\n"
1835 "B< union nfsctl_res *>I<resp>B<);>\n"
1838 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:21
1839 msgid "I<Note>: Since Linux 3.1, this system call no longer exists."
1840 msgstr "I<注意>: Linux 3.1 以降では、このシステムコールはもはや存在しない。"
1843 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:35
1847 " * These are the commands understood by nfsctl().\n"
1849 "#define NFSCTL_SVC 0 /* This is a server process. */\n"
1850 "#define NFSCTL_ADDCLIENT 1 /* Add an NFS client. */\n"
1851 "#define NFSCTL_DELCLIENT 2 /* Remove an NFS client. */\n"
1852 "#define NFSCTL_EXPORT 3 /* Export a filesystem. */\n"
1853 "#define NFSCTL_UNEXPORT 4 /* Unexport a filesystem. */\n"
1854 "#define NFSCTL_UGIDUPDATE 5 /* Update a client's UID/GID map\n"
1855 " (only in Linux 2.4.x and earlier). */\n"
1856 "#define NFSCTL_GETFH 6 /* Get a file handle (used by mountd)\n"
1857 " (only in Linux 2.4.x and earlier). */\n"
1860 " * nfsctl() によって理解されるコマンド\n"
1862 "#define NFSCTL_SVC 0 /* サーバープロセス */\n"
1863 "#define NFSCTL_ADDCLIENT 1 /* NFS クライアントを追加 */\n"
1864 "#define NFSCTL_DELCLIENT 2 /* NFS クライアンドを削除 */\n"
1865 "#define NFSCTL_EXPORT 3 /* ファイルシステムのエクスポート */\n"
1866 "#define NFSCTL_UNEXPORT 4 /* ファイルシステムのアンエクスポート */\n"
1867 "#define NFSCTL_UGIDUPDATE 5 /* UID/GID マップの更新\n"
1868 " (Linux 2.4.x とそれ以前のみ) */\n"
1869 "#define NFSCTL_GETFH 6 /* (mountd で使用される) fh の取得\n"
1870 " (Linux 2.4.x とそれ以前のみ) */\n"
1873 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:47
1876 "struct nfsctl_arg {\n"
1877 " int ca_version; /* safeguard */\n"
1879 " struct nfsctl_svc u_svc;\n"
1880 " struct nfsctl_client u_client;\n"
1881 " struct nfsctl_export u_export;\n"
1882 " struct nfsctl_uidmap u_umap;\n"
1883 " struct nfsctl_fhparm u_getfh;\n"
1884 " unsigned int u_debug;\n"
1888 "struct nfsctl_arg {\n"
1889 " int ca_version; /* safeguard */\n"
1891 " struct nfsctl_svc u_svc;\n"
1892 " struct nfsctl_client u_client;\n"
1893 " struct nfsctl_export u_export;\n"
1894 " struct nfsctl_uidmap u_umap;\n"
1895 " struct nfsctl_fhparm u_getfh;\n"
1896 " unsigned int u_debug;\n"
1901 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:52
1904 "union nfsctl_res {\n"
1905 " struct knfs_fh cr_getfh;\n"
1906 " unsigned int cr_debug;\n"
1909 "union nfsctl_res {\n"
1910 " struct knfs_fh cr_getfh;\n"
1911 " unsigned int cr_debug;\n"
1915 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:58 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:105
1916 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:59
1918 "On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set "
1921 "成功した場合は 0 が返される。エラーの場合は -1 が返され、 I<errno> が適切に設"
1925 #: build/C/man2/nfsservctl.2:60
1926 msgid "This call is Linux-specific."
1927 msgstr "このコールは Linux 特有である。"
1930 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:26
1936 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:26
1942 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:31
1944 "outb, outw, outl, outsb, outsw, outsl, inb, inw, inl, insb, insw, insl, "
1945 "outb_p, outw_p, outl_p, inb_p, inw_p, inl_p - port I/O"
1947 "outb, outw, outl, outsb, outsw, outsl, inb, inw, inl, insb, insw, insl, "
1948 "outb_p, outw_p, outl_p, inb_p, inw_p, inl_p - ポート入出力"
1951 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:34
1953 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/io.hE<gt>>\n"
1954 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/io.hE<gt>>\n"
1957 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:41
1960 "B<unsigned char inb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1961 "B<unsigned char inb_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1962 "B<unsigned short int inw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1963 "B<unsigned short int inw_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1964 "B<unsigned int inl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1965 "B<unsigned int inl_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1967 "B<unsigned char inb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1968 "B<unsigned char inb_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1969 "B<unsigned short int inw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1970 "B<unsigned short int inw_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1971 "B<unsigned int inl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1972 "B<unsigned int inl_p(unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1975 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:48
1978 "B<void outb(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1979 "B<void outb_p(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1980 "B<void outw(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1981 "B<void outw_p(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1982 "B<void outl(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1983 "B<void outl_p(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1985 "B<void outb(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1986 "B<void outb_p(unsigned char >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1987 "B<void outw(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1988 "B<void outw_p(unsigned short int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1989 "B<void outl(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1990 "B<void outl_p(unsigned int >I<value>B<, unsigned short int >I<port>B<);>\n"
1993 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:61
1996 "B<void insb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
1997 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
1998 "B<void insw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
1999 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2000 "B<void insl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2001 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2002 "B<void outsb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2003 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2004 "B<void outsw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2005 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2006 "B<void outsl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2007 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2009 "B<void insb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2010 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2011 "B<void insw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2012 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2013 "B<void insl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2014 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2015 "B<void outsb(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2016 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2017 "B<void outsw(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2018 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2019 "B<void outsl(unsigned short int >I<port>B<, const void *>I<addr>B<,>\n"
2020 "B< unsigned long int >I<count>B<);>\n"
2023 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:67
2025 "This family of functions is used to do low-level port input and output. The "
2026 "out* functions do port output, the in* functions do port input; the b-suffix "
2027 "functions are byte-width and the w-suffix functions word-width; the _p-"
2028 "suffix functions pause until the I/O completes."
2030 "この一連の関数はポートに対する低レベルの入出力に使用する。 out* 関数はポート"
2031 "出力、in* 関数はポート入力を行う。 語尾に b がついている関数はバイト単位、w "
2032 "がついている関数はワード単位である。 _p がついている関数は I/O が終了するまで"
2035 #. , given the following information
2036 #. in addition to that given in
2039 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:73
2041 "They are primarily designed for internal kernel use, but can be used from "
2044 "これらの関数はもともとカーネル内部での使用を想定して設計されているが、 ユー"
2048 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:78
2050 "You must compile with B<-O> or B<-O2> or similar. The functions are defined "
2051 "as inline macros, and will not be substituted in without optimization "
2052 "enabled, causing unresolved references at link time."
2054 "B<-O> や B<-O2> などを指定してコンパイルしなければならない。 これらの関数はイ"
2055 "ンライン・マクロとして定義されており、 最適化を行わないと関数の展開が行われ"
2056 "ず、 リンクの時に「解決できない参照(unresolved reference)」が発生する。"
2059 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:87
2061 "You use B<ioperm>(2) or alternatively B<iopl>(2) to tell the kernel to "
2062 "allow the user space application to access the I/O ports in question. "
2063 "Failure to do this will cause the application to receive a segmentation "
2066 "ユーザー空間のアプリケーションが I/O ポートにアクセスすることを カーネルに教"
2067 "えるために B<ioperm>(2) もしくは B<iopl>(2) を使用すること。これを忘れると"
2068 "アプリケーションはセグメンテーション違反 (segmentation fault) を受けとること"
2072 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:96
2074 "B<outb>() and friends are hardware-specific. The I<value> argument is "
2075 "passed first and the I<port> argument is passed second, which is the "
2076 "opposite order from most DOS implementations."
2078 "B<outb>() とその仲間はハードウェア特有である。 I<value> 引数が最初に渡さ"
2079 "れ、 I<port> 引数が二番目に渡される。 この順序はほとんどの DOS での実装とは逆"
2083 #: build/C/man2/outb.2:99
2084 msgid "B<ioperm>(2), B<iopl>(2)"
2085 msgstr "B<ioperm>(2), B<iopl>(2)"
2088 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
2090 msgid "PCICONFIG_READ"
2091 msgstr "PCICONFIG_READ"
2094 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:8
2100 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:11
2102 "pciconfig_read, pciconfig_write, pciconfig_iobase - pci device information "
2105 "pciconfig_read, pciconfig_write, pciconfig_iobase - pci デバイス情報を扱う"
2108 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:14
2110 msgid "B<#include E<lt>pci.hE<gt>>\n"
2111 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>pci.hE<gt>>\n"
2114 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:21
2117 "B<int pciconfig_read(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2118 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2119 "B<int pciconfig_write(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2120 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2121 "B<int pciconfig_iobase(long >I<which>B<, unsigned long >I<bus>B<,>\n"
2122 "B< unsigned long >I<devfn>B<);>\n"
2124 "B<int pciconfig_read(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2125 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2126 "B<int pciconfig_write(unsigned long >I<bus>B<, unsigned long >I<dfn>B<,>\n"
2127 "B< unsigned long >I<off>B<, unsigned long >I<len>B<, void *>I<buf>B<);>\n"
2128 "B<int pciconfig_iobase(long >I<which>B<, unsigned long >I<bus>B<,>\n"
2129 "B< unsigned long >I<devfn>B<);>\n"
2132 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:27
2134 "Most of the interaction with PCI devices is already handled by the kernel "
2135 "PCI layer, and thus these calls should not normally need to be accessed from "
2138 "PCI デバイスとのやり取り (interaction) は カーネル PCI レイヤですでに処理され"
2139 "ているので、 通常はこららの関数をユーザ空間からアクセスする必要はない。"
2142 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:27 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:51
2144 msgid "B<pciconfig_read>()"
2145 msgstr "B<pciconfig_read>()"
2148 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:36
2149 msgid "Reads to I<buf> from device I<dev> at offset I<off> value."
2150 msgstr "デバイス I<dev> のオフセット I<off> の値を I<buf> に読み込む。"
2153 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:36 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:57
2155 msgid "B<pciconfig_write>()"
2156 msgstr "B<pciconfig_write>()"
2159 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:45
2160 msgid "Writes from I<buf> to device I<dev> at offset I<off> value."
2161 msgstr "デバイス I<dev> のオフセット I<off> に I<buf> の値を書き込む。"
2164 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:45 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:63
2166 msgid "B<pciconfig_iobase>()"
2167 msgstr "B<pciconfig_iobase>()"
2170 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:50
2172 "You pass it a bus/devfn pair and get a physical address for either the "
2173 "memory offset (for things like prep, this is 0xc0000000), the IO base for "
2174 "PIO cycles, or the ISA holes if any."
2176 "bus/devfn ペアをこの関数に渡し、 メモリオフセット (prep のようなものでは、こ"
2177 "の値は 0xc0000000 である) と PIO サイクルの IO ベースの物理アドレスを取得す"
2178 "る。 また、もしあるならば ISA hole の物理アドレスを取得する。"
2181 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:57 build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:63
2183 "On success zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned and I<errno> is set "
2186 "成功した場合、0 が返される。 エラーの場合、-1 が返され、 I<errno> が適切に設"
2190 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:77
2192 "Returns information on locations of various I/O regions in physical memory "
2193 "according to the I<which> value. Values for I<which> are: "
2194 "B<IOBASE_BRIDGE_NUMBER>, B<IOBASE_MEMORY>, B<IOBASE_IO>, B<IOBASE_ISA_IO>, "
2195 "B<IOBASE_ISA_MEM>."
2197 "I<which> の値に基づいて、物理メモリ内の様々な I/O 領域の位置情報が返される。 "
2198 "I<which> の値は、 B<IOBASE_BRIDGE_NUMBER>, B<IOBASE_MEMORY>, B<IOBASE_IO>, "
2199 "B<IOBASE_ISA_IO>, B<IOBASE_ISA_MEM> である。"
2202 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:84
2203 msgid "I<len> value is invalid. This does not apply to B<pciconfig_iobase>()."
2205 "I<len> の値が無効である。 このエラーは B<pciconfig_iobase>() には適用されな"
2209 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:84 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1886
2210 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:134
2216 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:87
2221 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:87
2227 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:93
2229 "For B<pciconfig_iobase>(), \"hose\" value is NULL. For the other calls, "
2230 "could not find a slot."
2232 "B<pciconfig_iobase>() の場合、でホース (hose) の値が NULL である。 他の呼び"
2233 "出しの場合、スロット (slot) が見つからない。"
2236 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:98
2237 msgid "The system has not implemented these calls (B<CONFIG_PCI> not defined)."
2239 "このシステムはこれらの呼び出しを実装していない。 (B<CONFIG_PCI> が定義されて"
2243 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:98
2245 msgid "B<EOPNOTSUPP>"
2246 msgstr "B<EOPNOTSUPP>"
2249 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:105
2251 "This return value is valid only for B<pciconfig_iobase>(). It is returned "
2252 "if the value for I<which> is invalid."
2254 "この返り値は B<pciconfig_iobase>() でのみ有効である。 このエラーは I<which> "
2258 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:112
2260 "User does not have the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability. This does not apply to "
2261 "B<pciconfig_iobase>()."
2263 "ユーザが B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> 権限を持っていない。 このエラーは "
2264 "B<pciconfig_iobase>() には適用されない。"
2267 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:114
2268 msgid "These calls are Linux-specific, available since Linux 2.0.26/2.1.11."
2270 "これらの呼び出しは Linux 特有のものであり、 Linux 2.0.26/2.1.11 から使用可能"
2274 #: build/C/man2/pciconfig_read.2:116
2275 msgid "B<capabilities>(7)"
2276 msgstr "B<capabilities>(7)"
2279 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27
2281 msgid "PERF_EVENT_OPEN"
2282 msgstr "PERF_EVENT_OPEN"
2285 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:27
2287 #| msgid "2003-01-01"
2292 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:30
2293 msgid "perf_event_open - set up performance monitoring"
2297 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:34
2300 "B<#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>>\n"
2301 "B<#include E<lt>linux/hw_breakpoint.hE<gt>>\n"
2303 "B<#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>>\n"
2304 "B<#include E<lt>linux/hw_breakpoint.hE<gt>>\n"
2307 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:38
2310 "B<int perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *>I<attr>B<,>\n"
2311 "B< pid_t >I<pid>B<, int >I<cpu>B<, int >I<group_fd>B<,>\n"
2312 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
2314 "B<int perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *>I<attr>B<,>\n"
2315 "B< pid_t >I<pid>B<, int >I<cpu>B<, int >I<group_fd>B<,>\n"
2316 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
2319 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:47
2321 "Given a list of parameters, B<perf_event_open>() returns a file descriptor, "
2322 "for use in subsequent system calls (B<read>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<prctl>(2), "
2323 "B<fcntl>(2), etc.)."
2327 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:55
2329 "A call to B<perf_event_open>() creates a file descriptor that allows "
2330 "measuring performance information. Each file descriptor corresponds to one "
2331 "event that is measured; these can be grouped together to measure multiple "
2332 "events simultaneously."
2336 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:62
2338 "Events can be enabled and disabled in two ways: via B<ioctl>(2) and via "
2339 "B<prctl>(2). When an event is disabled it does not count or generate "
2340 "overflows but does continue to exist and maintain its count value."
2344 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:76
2346 "Events come in two flavors: counting and sampled. A I<counting> event is "
2347 "one that is used for counting the aggregate number of events that occur. In "
2348 "general, counting event results are gathered with a B<read>(2) call. A "
2349 "I<sampling> event periodically writes measurements to a buffer that can then "
2350 "be accessed via B<mmap>(2)."
2354 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:76
2360 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:83
2362 "The I<pid> and I<cpu> arguments allow specifying which process and CPU to "
2367 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:83
2369 msgid "B<pid == 0> and B<cpu == -1>"
2373 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:86
2374 msgid "This measures the current process/thread on any CPU."
2378 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:86
2380 msgid "B<pid == 0> and B<cpu E<gt>= 0>"
2384 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:90
2386 "This measures the current process/thread only when running on the specified "
2391 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:90
2393 msgid "B<pid E<gt> 0> and B<cpu == -1>"
2397 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:93
2398 msgid "This measures the specified process/thread on any CPU."
2402 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:93
2404 msgid "B<pid E<gt> 0> and B<cpu E<gt>= 0>"
2408 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:97
2410 "This measures the specified process/thread only when running on the "
2415 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:97
2417 msgid "B<pid == -1> and B<cpu E<gt>= 0>"
2421 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:105
2423 "This measures all processes/threads on the specified CPU. Measurements such "
2424 "as this require the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability or a I</proc/sys/kernel/"
2425 "perf_event_paranoid> value of less than 1."
2429 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:105
2431 msgid "B<pid==-1> and B<cpu==-1>"
2435 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:108
2436 msgid "This setting is invalid and will return an error."
2440 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:130
2442 "The I<group_fd> argument allows event groups to be created. An event group "
2443 "has one event which is the group leader. The leader is created first, with "
2444 "I<group_fd> = -1. The rest of the group members are created with subsequent "
2445 "B<perf_event_open>() calls with I<group_fd> being set to the fd of the "
2446 "group leader. (A single event on its own is created with I<group_fd> = -1 "
2447 "and is considered to be a group with only 1 member.) An event group is "
2448 "scheduled onto the CPU as a unit: it will be put onto the CPU only if all of "
2449 "the events in the group can be put onto the CPU. This means that the values "
2450 "of the member events can be meaningfully compared, added, divided (to get "
2451 "ratios), and so on, with each other, since they have counted events for the "
2452 "same set of executed instructions."
2456 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:134
2458 "The I<flags> argument is formed by ORing together zero or more of the "
2461 "I<flags> 引き数には、以下の値の 0 個以上をビット毎の論理和の形で指定する。"
2464 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:134
2466 msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_NO_GROUP>"
2469 #. FIXME The following sentence is unclear
2470 #. FIXME So, why is it useful?
2472 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:141
2474 "This flag allows creating an event as part of an event group but having no "
2475 "group leader. It is unclear why this is useful."
2479 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:141
2481 msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT>"
2485 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:144
2486 msgid "This flag reroutes the output from an event to the group leader."
2490 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:144
2492 #| msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
2493 msgid "B<PERF_FLAG_PID_CGROUP> (since Linux 2.6.39)."
2494 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
2497 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:167
2499 "This flag activates per-container system-wide monitoring. A container is an "
2500 "abstraction that isolates a set of resources for finer grain control (CPUs, "
2501 "memory, etc.). In this mode, the event is measured only if the thread "
2502 "running on the monitored CPU belongs to the designated container (cgroup). "
2503 "The cgroup is identified by passing a file descriptor opened on its "
2504 "directory in the cgroupfs filesystem. For instance, if the cgroup to "
2505 "monitor is called I<test>, then a file descriptor opened on I</dev/cgroup/"
2506 "test> (assuming cgroupfs is mounted on I</dev/cgroup>) must be passed as "
2507 "the I<pid> parameter. cgroup monitoring is available only for system-wide "
2508 "events and may therefore require extra permissions."
2512 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:172
2514 "The I<perf_event_attr> structure provides detailed configuration information "
2515 "for the event being created."
2519 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:179
2522 "struct perf_event_attr {\n"
2523 " __u32 type; /* Type of event */\n"
2524 " __u32 size; /* Size of attribute structure */\n"
2525 " __u64 config; /* Type-specific configuration */\n"
2529 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:184
2533 " __u64 sample_period; /* Period of sampling */\n"
2534 " __u64 sample_freq; /* Frequency of sampling */\n"
2539 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:187
2542 " __u64 sample_type; /* Specifies values included in sample */\n"
2543 " __u64 read_format; /* Specifies values returned in read */\n"
2547 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:213
2550 " __u64 disabled : 1, /* off by default */\n"
2551 " inherit : 1, /* children inherit it */\n"
2552 " pinned : 1, /* must always be on PMU */\n"
2553 " exclusive : 1, /* only group on PMU */\n"
2554 " exclude_user : 1, /* don't count user */\n"
2555 " exclude_kernel : 1, /* don't count kernel */\n"
2556 " exclude_hv : 1, /* don't count hypervisor */\n"
2557 " exclude_idle : 1, /* don't count when idle */\n"
2558 " mmap : 1, /* include mmap data */\n"
2559 " comm : 1, /* include comm data */\n"
2560 " freq : 1, /* use freq, not period */\n"
2561 " inherit_stat : 1, /* per task counts */\n"
2562 " enable_on_exec : 1, /* next exec enables */\n"
2563 " task : 1, /* trace fork/exit */\n"
2564 " watermark : 1, /* wakeup_watermark */\n"
2565 " precise_ip : 2, /* skid constraint */\n"
2566 " mmap_data : 1, /* non-exec mmap data */\n"
2567 " sample_id_all : 1, /* sample_type all events */\n"
2568 " exclude_host : 1, /* don't count in host */\n"
2569 " exclude_guest : 1, /* don't count in guest */\n"
2570 " exclude_callchain_kernel : 1,\n"
2571 " /* exclude kernel callchains */\n"
2572 " exclude_callchain_user : 1,\n"
2573 "\t /* exclude user callchains */\n"
2574 " __reserved_1 : 41;\n"
2578 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:218
2582 " __u32 wakeup_events; /* wakeup every n events */\n"
2583 " __u32 wakeup_watermark; /* bytes before wakeup */\n"
2588 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:220
2590 msgid " __u32 bp_type; /* breakpoint type */\n"
2594 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:225
2598 " __u64 bp_addr; /* breakpoint address */\n"
2599 " __u64 config1; /* extension of config */\n"
2604 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:235
2608 " __u64 bp_len; /* breakpoint length */\n"
2609 " __u64 config2; /* extension of config1 */\n"
2611 " __u64 branch_sample_type; /* enum perf_branch_sample_type */\n"
2612 " __u64 sample_regs_user; /* user regs to dump on samples */\n"
2613 " __u32 sample_stack_user; /* size of stack to dump on\n"
2615 " __u32 __reserved_2; /* Align to u64 */\n"
2619 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:237
2625 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:243
2627 "The fields of the I<perf_event_attr> structure are described in more detail "
2632 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:243 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1535
2638 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:247
2640 "This field specifies the overall event type. It has one of the following "
2645 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:248
2647 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE>"
2651 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:255
2653 "This indicates one of the \"generalized\" hardware events provided by the "
2654 "kernel. See the I<config> field definition for more details."
2658 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:255
2660 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE>"
2664 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:259
2666 "This indicates one of the software-defined events provided by the kernel "
2667 "(even if no hardware support is available)."
2671 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:259
2673 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>"
2674 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>"
2677 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:263
2679 "This indicates a tracepoint provided by the kernel tracepoint infrastructure."
2683 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:263
2685 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE>"
2689 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:269
2691 "This indicates a hardware cache event. This has a special encoding, "
2692 "described in the I<config> field definition."
2696 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:269
2698 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_RAW>"
2702 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:273
2704 "This indicates a \"raw\" implementation-specific event in the I<config> "
2709 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:273
2711 #| msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
2712 msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
2713 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
2716 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:278
2718 "This indicates a hardware breakpoint as provided by the CPU. Breakpoints "
2719 "can be read/write accesses to an address as well as execution of an "
2720 "instruction address."
2724 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:278
2730 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:297
2732 "Since Linux 2.6.39, B<perf_event_open>() can support multiple PMUs. To "
2733 "enable this, a value exported by the kernel can be used in the I<type> field "
2734 "to indicate which PMU to use. The value to use can be found in the sysfs "
2735 "filesystem: there is a subdirectory per PMU instance under I</sys/bus/"
2736 "event_source/devices>. In each subdirectory there is a I<type> file whose "
2737 "content is an integer that can be used in the I<type> field. For instance, "
2738 "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/cpu/type> contains the value for the core "
2739 "CPU PMU, which is usually 4."
2743 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:298 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1483
2749 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:307
2751 "The size of the I<perf_event_attr> structure for forward/backward "
2752 "compatibility. Set this using I<sizeof(struct perf_event_attr)> to allow "
2753 "the kernel to see the struct size at the time of compilation."
2757 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:322
2759 "The related define B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER0> is set to 64; this was the size of "
2760 "the first published struct. B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER1> is 72, corresponding to "
2761 "the addition of breakpoints in Linux 2.6.33. B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER2> is 80 "
2762 "corresponding to the addition of branch sampling in Linux 3.4. "
2763 "B<PERF_ATR_SIZE_VER3> is 96 corresponding to the addition of "
2764 "I<sample_regs_user> and I<sample_stack_user> in Linux 3.7."
2768 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:322
2774 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:333
2776 "This specifies which event you want, in conjunction with the I<type> field. "
2777 "The I<config1> and I<config2> fields are also taken into account in cases "
2778 "where 64 bits is not enough to fully specify the event. The encoding of "
2779 "these fields are event dependent."
2783 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:339
2785 "The most significant bit (bit 63) of I<config> signifies CPU-specific (raw) "
2786 "counter configuration data; if the most significant bit is unset, the next 7 "
2787 "bits are an event type and the rest of the bits are the event identifier."
2791 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:350
2793 "There are various ways to set the I<config> field that are dependent on the "
2794 "value of the previously described I<type> field. What follows are various "
2795 "possible settings for I<config> separated out by I<type>."
2799 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:360
2801 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE>, we are measuring one of the generalized "
2802 "hardware CPU events. Not all of these are available on all platforms. Set "
2803 "I<config> to one of the following:"
2807 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:361
2809 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES>"
2813 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:365
2814 msgid "Total cycles. Be wary of what happens during CPU frequency scaling."
2818 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:365
2820 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS>"
2824 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:370
2826 "Retired instructions. Be careful, these can be affected by various issues, "
2827 "most notably hardware interrupt counts."
2831 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:370
2833 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_REFERENCES>"
2837 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:377
2839 "Cache accesses. Usually this indicates Last Level Cache accesses but this "
2840 "may vary depending on your CPU. This may include prefetches and coherency "
2841 "messages; again this depends on the design of your CPU."
2845 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:377
2847 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_MISSES>"
2851 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:384
2853 "Cache misses. Usually this indicates Last Level Cache misses; this is "
2854 "intended to be used in conjunction with the "
2855 "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_REFERENCES> event to calculate cache miss rates."
2859 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:384
2861 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS>"
2865 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:389
2867 "Retired branch instructions. Prior to Linux 2.6.34, this used the wrong "
2868 "event on AMD processors."
2872 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:389
2874 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_MISSES>"
2878 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:392
2879 msgid "Mispredicted branch instructions."
2883 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:392
2885 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_BUS_CYCLES>"
2889 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:395
2890 msgid "Bus cycles, which can be different from total cycles."
2894 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:395
2896 #| msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND> (Since Linux 3.0)"
2897 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND> (since Linux 3.0)"
2898 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND> (Linux 3.0 以降)"
2901 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:398
2902 msgid "Stalled cycles during issue."
2906 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:398
2908 #| msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND> (Since Linux 3.0)"
2909 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND> (since Linux 3.0)"
2910 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND> (Linux 3.0 以降)"
2913 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:401
2914 msgid "Stalled cycles during retirement."
2918 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:401
2920 #| msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_REF_CPU_CYCLES> (Since Linux 3.3)"
2921 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_REF_CPU_CYCLES> (since Linux 3.3)"
2922 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_REF_CPU_CYCLES> (Linux 3.3 以降)"
2925 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:404
2926 msgid "Total cycles; not affected by CPU frequency scaling."
2930 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:414
2932 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE>, we are measuring software events "
2933 "provided by the kernel. Set I<config> to one of the following:"
2937 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:415
2939 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK>"
2943 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:418
2944 msgid "This reports the CPU clock, a high-resolution per-CPU timer."
2948 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:418
2950 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_TASK_CLOCK>"
2954 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:421
2955 msgid "This reports a clock count specific to the task that is running."
2959 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:421
2961 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS>"
2965 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:424
2966 msgid "This reports the number of page faults."
2970 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:424
2972 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CONTEXT_SWITCHES>"
2976 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:429
2978 "This counts context switches. Until Linux 2.6.34, these were all reported "
2979 "as user-space events, after that they are reported as happening in the "
2984 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:429
2986 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_MIGRATIONS>"
2990 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:433
2991 msgid "This reports the number of times the process has migrated to a new CPU."
2995 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:433
2997 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN>"
3001 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:437
3003 "This counts the number of minor page faults. These did not require disk I/O "
3008 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:437
3010 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ>"
3014 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:441
3016 "This counts the number of major page faults. These required disk I/O to "
3021 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:441
3023 #| msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_ALIGNMENT_FAULTS> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
3024 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_ALIGNMENT_FAULTS> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
3025 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_ALIGNMENT_FAULTS> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
3028 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:447
3030 "This counts the number of alignment faults. These happen when unaligned "
3031 "memory accesses happen; the kernel can handle these but it reduces "
3032 "performance. This happens only on some architectures (never on x86)."
3036 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:447
3038 #| msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
3039 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
3040 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
3043 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:453
3045 "This counts the number of emulation faults. The kernel sometimes traps on "
3046 "unimplemented instructions and emulates them for user space. This can "
3047 "negatively impact performance."
3051 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:453
3053 #| msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_NODE> (Since Linux 3.0)"
3054 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_SW_DUMMY> (since Linux 3.12)"
3055 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_NODE> (Linux 3.0 以降)"
3058 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:460
3060 "This is a placeholder event that counts nothing. Informational sample "
3061 "record types such as mmap or comm must be associated with an active event. "
3062 "This dummy event allows gathering such records without requiring a counting "
3067 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:473
3069 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>, then we are measuring kernel "
3070 "tracepoints. The value to use in I<config> can be obtained from under "
3071 "debugfs I<tracing/events/*/*/id> if ftrace is enabled in the kernel."
3075 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:484
3077 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE>, then we are measuring a hardware CPU "
3078 "cache event. To calculate the appropriate I<config> value use the following "
3083 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:489
3086 " (perf_hw_cache_id) | (perf_hw_cache_op_id E<lt>E<lt> 8) |\n"
3087 " (perf_hw_cache_op_result_id E<lt>E<lt> 16)\n"
3091 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:494
3092 msgid "where I<perf_hw_cache_id> is one of:"
3096 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:495
3098 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D>"
3102 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:498
3103 msgid "for measuring Level 1 Data Cache"
3107 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:498
3109 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I>"
3113 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:501
3114 msgid "for measuring Level 1 Instruction Cache"
3118 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:501
3120 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL>"
3124 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:504
3125 msgid "for measuring Last-Level Cache"
3129 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:504
3131 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB>"
3135 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:507
3136 msgid "for measuring the Data TLB"
3140 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:507
3142 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB>"
3146 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:510
3147 msgid "for measuring the Instruction TLB"
3151 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:510
3153 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_BPU>"
3157 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:513
3158 msgid "for measuring the branch prediction unit"
3162 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:513
3164 #| msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_NODE> (Since Linux 3.0)"
3165 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_NODE> (since Linux 3.0)"
3166 msgstr "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_NODE> (Linux 3.0 以降)"
3169 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:516
3170 msgid "for measuring local memory accesses"
3174 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:521
3175 msgid "and I<perf_hw_cache_op_id> is one of"
3179 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:522
3181 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ>"
3185 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:525
3186 msgid "for read accesses"
3190 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:525
3192 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_WRITE>"
3196 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:528
3197 msgid "for write accesses"
3201 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:528
3203 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_PREFETCH>"
3207 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:531
3208 msgid "for prefetch accesses"
3212 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:536
3213 msgid "and I<perf_hw_cache_op_result_id> is one of"
3217 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:537
3219 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS>"
3223 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:540
3224 msgid "to measure accesses"
3228 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:540
3230 msgid "B<PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS>"
3234 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:543
3235 msgid "to measure misses"
3239 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:561
3241 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_RAW>, then a custom \"raw\" I<config> value is "
3242 "needed. Most CPUs support events that are not covered by the \"generalized"
3243 "\" events. These are implementation defined; see your CPU manual (for "
3244 "example the Intel Volume 3B documentation or the AMD BIOS and Kernel "
3245 "Developer Guide). The libpfm4 library can be used to translate from the "
3246 "name in the architectural manuals to the raw hex value B<perf_event_open>() "
3247 "expects in this field."
3251 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:570
3253 "If I<type> is B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT>, then leave I<config> set to zero. "
3254 "Its parameters are set in other places."
3258 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:571
3260 msgid "I<sample_period>, I<sample_freq>"
3264 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:583
3266 "A \"sampling\" counter is one that generates an interrupt every N events, "
3267 "where N is given by I<sample_period>. A sampling counter has "
3268 "I<sample_period> E<gt> 0. When an overflow interrupt occurs, requested data "
3269 "is recorded in the mmap buffer. The I<sample_type> field controls what data "
3270 "is recorded on each interrupt."
3274 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:593
3276 "I<sample_freq> can be used if you wish to use frequency rather than period. "
3277 "In this case you set the I<freq> flag. The kernel will adjust the sampling "
3278 "period to try and achieve the desired rate. The rate of adjustment is a "
3283 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:593
3285 msgid "I<sample_type>"
3289 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:605
3291 "The various bits in this field specify which values to include in the "
3292 "sample. They will be recorded in a ring-buffer, which is available to user "
3293 "space using B<mmap>(2). The order in which the values are saved in the "
3294 "sample are documented in the MMAP Layout subsection below; it is not the "
3295 "I<enum perf_event_sample_format> order."
3299 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:606
3301 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP>"
3305 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:609
3306 msgid "Records instruction pointer."
3310 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:609
3312 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TID>"
3316 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:612
3317 msgid "Records the process and thread IDs."
3321 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:612
3323 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TIME>"
3327 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:615
3328 msgid "Records a timestamp."
3332 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:615
3334 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR>"
3338 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:618
3339 msgid "Records an address, if applicable."
3343 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:618
3345 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_READ>"
3349 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:621
3351 "Record counter values for all events in a group, not just the group leader."
3355 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:621
3357 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN>"
3361 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:624
3362 msgid "Records the callchain (stack backtrace)."
3366 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:624
3368 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID>"
3372 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:627
3373 msgid "Records a unique ID for the opened event's group leader."
3377 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:627
3379 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_CPU>"
3383 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:630
3384 msgid "Records CPU number."
3388 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:630
3390 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD>"
3394 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:633
3395 msgid "Records the current sampling period."
3399 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:633
3401 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID>"
3405 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:641
3407 "Records a unique ID for the opened event. Unlike B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> the "
3408 "actual ID is returned, not the group leader. This ID is the same as the one "
3409 "returned by B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>."
3413 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:641
3415 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_RAW>"
3419 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:645
3421 "Records additional data, if applicable. Usually returned by tracepoint "
3426 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:645
3428 #| msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (Since Linux 3.4)"
3429 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (since Linux 3.4)"
3430 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (Linux 3.4 以降)"
3433 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:650
3435 "This provides a record of recent branches, as provided by CPU branch "
3436 "sampling hardware (such as Intel Last Branch Record). Not all hardware "
3437 "supports this feature."
3441 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:654
3443 "See the I<branch_sample_type> field for how to filter which branches are "
3448 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:654
3450 #| msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER> (Since Linux 3.7)"
3451 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER> (since Linux 3.7)"
3452 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER> (Linux 3.7 以降)"
3455 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:658
3457 "Records the current user-level CPU register state (the values in the process "
3458 "before the kernel was called)."
3462 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:658
3464 #| msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> (Since Linux 3.7)"
3465 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> (since Linux 3.7)"
3466 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> (Linux 3.7 以降)"
3469 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:661
3470 msgid "Records the user level stack, allowing stack unwinding."
3474 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:661
3476 #| msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT> (Since Linux 3.10)"
3477 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT> (since Linux 3.10)"
3478 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT> (Linux 3.10 以降)"
3481 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:667
3483 "Records a hardware provided weight value that expresses how costly the "
3484 "sampled event was. This allows the hardware to highlight expensive events "
3489 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:667
3491 #| msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC> (Since Linux 3.10)"
3492 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC> (since Linux 3.10)"
3493 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC> (Linux 3.10 以降)"
3496 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:673
3498 "Records the data source: where in the memory hierarchy the data associated "
3499 "with the sampled instruction came from. This is only available if the "
3500 "underlying hardware supports this feature."
3504 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:673
3506 #| msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC> (Since Linux 3.10)"
3507 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER> (since Linux 3.12)"
3508 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC> (Linux 3.10 以降)"
3511 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:680
3513 "Places the B<SAMPLE_ID> value in a fixed position in the record, either at "
3514 "the beginning (for sample events) or at the end (if a non-sample event)."
3518 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:692
3520 "This was necessary because a sample stream may have records from various "
3521 "different event sources with different I<sample_type> settings. Parsing the "
3522 "event stream properly was not possible because the format of the record was "
3523 "needed to find B<SAMPLE_ID>, but the format could not be found without "
3524 "knowing what event the sample belonged to (causing a circular dependency)."
3528 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:702
3530 "This new B<PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER> setting makes the event stream always "
3531 "parsable by putting B<SAMPLE_ID> in a fixed location, even though it means "
3532 "having duplicate B<SAMPLE_ID> values in records."
3536 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:702
3538 #| msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC> (Since Linux 3.10)"
3539 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION> (Since Linux 3.13)"
3540 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC> (Linux 3.10 以降)"
3543 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:706
3545 "Records reasons for transactional memory abort events (for example, from "
3546 "Intel TSX transactional memory support)."
3550 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:714
3552 "The I<precise_ip> setting must be greater than 0 and a transactional memory "
3553 "abort event must be measured or no values will be recorded. Also note that "
3554 "some perf_event measurements, such as sampled cycle counting, may cause "
3555 "extraneous aborts (by causing an interrupt during a transaction)."
3559 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:715
3561 msgid "I<read_format>"
3565 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:722
3567 "This field specifies the format of the data returned by B<read>(2) on a "
3568 "B<perf_event_open>() file descriptor."
3572 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:723
3574 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED>"
3578 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:730
3580 "Adds the 64-bit I<time_enabled> field. This can be used to calculate "
3581 "estimated totals if the PMU is overcommitted and multiplexing is happening."
3585 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:730
3587 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING>"
3591 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:737
3593 "Adds the 64-bit I<time_running> field. This can be used to calculate "
3594 "estimated totals if the PMU is overcommitted and multiplexing is happening."
3598 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:737
3600 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>"
3604 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:740
3605 msgid "Adds a 64-bit unique value that corresponds to the event group."
3609 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:740
3611 msgid "B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP>"
3615 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:743
3616 msgid "Allows all counter values in an event group to be read with one read."
3620 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:744
3626 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:754
3628 "The I<disabled> bit specifies whether the counter starts out disabled or "
3629 "enabled. If disabled, the event can later be enabled by B<ioctl>(2), "
3630 "B<prctl>(2), or I<enable_on_exec>."
3634 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:765
3636 "When creating an event group, typically the group leader is initialized with "
3637 "I<disabled> set to 1 and any child events are initialized with I<disabled> "
3638 "set to 0. Despite I<disabled> being 0, the child events will not start "
3639 "until the group leader is enabled."
3643 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:765
3649 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:774
3651 "The I<inherit> bit specifies that this counter should count events of child "
3652 "tasks as well as the task specified. This applies only to new children, not "
3653 "to any existing children at the time the counter is created (nor to any new "
3654 "children of existing children)."
3658 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:779
3660 "Inherit does not work for some combinations of I<read_format>s, such as "
3661 "B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP>."
3665 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:779
3671 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:792
3673 "The I<pinned> bit specifies that the counter should always be on the CPU if "
3674 "at all possible. It applies only to hardware counters and only to group "
3675 "leaders. If a pinned counter cannot be put onto the CPU (e.g., because "
3676 "there are not enough hardware counters or because of a conflict with some "
3677 "other event), then the counter goes into an 'error' state, where reads "
3678 "return end-of-file (i.e., B<read>(2) returns 0) until the counter is "
3679 "subsequently enabled or disabled."
3683 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:792
3685 msgid "I<exclusive>"
3689 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:801
3691 "The I<exclusive> bit specifies that when this counter's group is on the CPU, "
3692 "it should be the only group using the CPU's counters. In the future this "
3693 "may allow monitoring programs to support PMU features that need to run alone "
3694 "so that they do not disrupt other hardware counters."
3698 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:808
3700 "Note that many unexpected situations may prevent events with the "
3701 "I<exclusive> bit set from ever running. This includes any users running a "
3702 "system-wide measurement as well as any kernel use of the performance "
3703 "counters (including the commonly enabled NMI Watchdog Timer interface)."
3707 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:808
3709 msgid "I<exclude_user>"
3713 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:811
3715 "If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in user space."
3719 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:811
3721 msgid "I<exclude_kernel>"
3725 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:814
3727 "If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in kernel-space."
3731 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:814
3733 msgid "I<exclude_hv>"
3737 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:822
3739 "If this bit is set, the count excludes events that happen in the "
3740 "hypervisor. This is mainly for PMUs that have built-in support for handling "
3741 "this (such as POWER). Extra support is needed for handling hypervisor "
3742 "measurements on most machines."
3746 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:822
3748 msgid "I<exclude_idle>"
3752 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:825
3753 msgid "If set, don't count when the CPU is idle."
3757 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:825
3763 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:839
3765 "The I<mmap> bit enables generation of B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP> samples for every "
3766 "B<mmap>(2) call that has B<PROT_EXEC> set. This allows tools to notice new "
3767 "executable code being mapped into a program (dynamic shared libraries for "
3768 "example) so that addresses can be mapped back to the original code."
3772 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:839
3778 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:850
3780 "The I<comm> bit enables tracking of process command name as modified by the "
3781 "B<exec>(2) and B<prctl>(PR_SET_NAME) system calls. Unfortunately for "
3782 "tools, there is no way to distinguish one system call versus the other."
3786 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:850
3792 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:857
3794 "If this bit is set, then I<sample_frequency> not I<sample_period> is used "
3795 "when setting up the sampling interval."
3799 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:857
3801 msgid "I<inherit_stat>"
3805 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:864
3807 "This bit enables saving of event counts on context switch for inherited "
3808 "tasks. This is meaningful only if the I<inherit> field is set."
3812 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:864
3814 msgid "I<enable_on_exec>"
3818 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:869
3820 "If this bit is set, a counter is automatically enabled after a call to "
3825 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:869
3831 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:873
3833 "If this bit is set, then fork/exit notifications are included in the ring "
3838 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:873
3840 msgid "I<watermark>"
3844 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:881
3846 "If set, have a sampling interrupt happen when we cross the "
3847 "I<wakeup_watermark> boundary. Otherwise interrupts happen after "
3848 "I<wakeup_events> samples."
3852 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:881
3854 #| msgid "I<precise_ip> (Since Linux 2.6.35)"
3855 msgid "I<precise_ip> (since Linux 2.6.35)"
3856 msgstr "I<precise_ip> (Linux 2.6.35 以降)"
3859 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:891
3861 "This controls the amount of skid. Skid is how many instructions execute "
3862 "between an event of interest happening and the kernel being able to stop and "
3863 "record the event. Smaller skid is better and allows more accurate reporting "
3864 "of which events correspond to which instructions, but hardware is often "
3865 "limited with how small this can be."
3869 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:893
3870 msgid "The values of this are the following:"
3874 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:894
3880 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:898
3881 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> can have arbitrary skid."
3885 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:898
3891 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:902
3892 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> must have constant skid."
3896 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:902
3902 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:906
3903 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> requested to have 0 skid."
3907 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:906
3913 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:912
3914 msgid "B<SAMPLE_IP> must have 0 skid. See also B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXACT_IP>."
3918 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:913
3920 #| msgid "I<mmap_data> (Since Linux 2.6.36)"
3921 msgid "I<mmap_data> (since Linux 2.6.36)"
3922 msgstr "I<mmap_data> (Linux 2.6.36 以降)"
3925 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:925
3927 "The counterpart of the I<mmap> field. This enables generation of "
3928 "B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP> samples for B<mmap>(2) calls that do not have "
3929 "B<PROT_EXEC> set (for example data and SysV shared memory)."
3933 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:925
3935 #| msgid "I<sample_id_all> (Since Linux 2.6.38)"
3936 msgid "I<sample_id_all> (since Linux 2.6.38)"
3937 msgstr "I<sample_id_all> (Linux 2.6.38 以降)"
3940 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:933
3942 "If set, then TID, TIME, ID, STREAM_ID, and CPU can additionally be included "
3943 "in non-B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE>s if the corresponding I<sample_type> is "
3948 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:941
3950 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER> is specified than an additional ID value is "
3951 "included as the last value to ease parsing the record stream. This may lead "
3952 "to the I<id> value appearing twice."
3956 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:943
3957 msgid "The layout is described by this pseudo-structure:"
3961 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:953
3964 "struct sample_id {\n"
3965 " { u32 pid, tid; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TID set */\n"
3966 " { u64 time; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TIME set */\n"
3967 " { u64 id; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ID set */\n"
3968 " { u64 stream_id;} /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID set */\n"
3969 " { u32 cpu, res; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CPU set */\n"
3970 " { u64 id; } /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER set */\n"
3975 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:954
3977 #| msgid "I<precise_ip> (Since Linux 2.6.35)"
3978 msgid "I<exclude_host> (since Linux 3.2)"
3979 msgstr "I<precise_ip> (Linux 2.6.35 以降)"
3982 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:957
3983 msgid "Do not measure time spent in VM host."
3987 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:957
3989 #| msgid "I<precise_ip> (Since Linux 2.6.35)"
3990 msgid "I<exclude_guest> (since Linux 3.2)"
3991 msgstr "I<precise_ip> (Linux 2.6.35 以降)"
3994 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:960
3995 msgid "Do not measure time spent in VM guest."
3999 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:960
4001 msgid "I<exclude_callchain_kernel> (since Linux 3.7)"
4005 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:963
4006 msgid "Do not include kernel callchains."
4010 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:963
4012 #| msgid "I<sample_id_all> (Since Linux 2.6.38)"
4013 msgid "I<exclude_callchain_user> (since Linux 3.7)"
4014 msgstr "I<sample_id_all> (Linux 2.6.38 以降)"
4017 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:966
4018 msgid "Do not include user callchains."
4022 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:966
4024 msgid "I<wakeup_events>, I<wakeup_watermark>"
4028 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:976
4030 "This union sets how many samples (I<wakeup_events>) or bytes "
4031 "(I<wakeup_watermark>) happen before an overflow signal happens. Which one "
4032 "is used is selected by the I<watermark> bitflag."
4036 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:986
4038 "I<wakeup_events> only counts B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE> record types. To receive "
4039 "a signal for every incoming B<PERF_RECORD> type set I<wakeup_watermark> to 1."
4043 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:986
4045 #| msgid "I<bp_type> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
4046 msgid "I<bp_type> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
4047 msgstr "I<bp_type> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
4050 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:990
4051 msgid "This chooses the breakpoint type. It is one of:"
4055 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:991
4057 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_EMPTY>"
4061 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:994
4062 msgid "No breakpoint."
4066 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:994
4068 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_R>"
4072 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:997
4073 msgid "Count when we read the memory location."
4077 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:997
4079 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_W>"
4083 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1000
4084 msgid "Count when we write the memory location."
4088 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1000
4090 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_RW>"
4094 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1003
4095 msgid "Count when we read or write the memory location."
4099 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1003
4101 msgid "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_X>"
4105 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1006
4106 msgid "Count when we execute code at the memory location."
4110 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1015
4112 "The values can be combined via a bitwise or, but the combination of "
4113 "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_R> or B<HW_BREAKPOINT_W> with B<HW_BREAKPOINT_X> is not "
4118 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1016
4120 #| msgid "I<bp_addr> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
4121 msgid "I<bp_addr> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
4122 msgstr "I<bp_addr> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
4125 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1023
4127 "I<bp_addr> address of the breakpoint. For execution breakpoints this is the "
4128 "memory address of the instruction of interest; for read and write "
4129 "breakpoints it is the memory address of the memory location of interest."
4133 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1023
4135 #| msgid "I<config1> (Since Linux 2.6.39)"
4136 msgid "I<config1> (since Linux 2.6.39)"
4137 msgstr "I<config1> (Linux 2.6.39 以降)"
4140 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1030
4142 "I<config1> is used for setting events that need an extra register or "
4143 "otherwise do not fit in the regular config field. Raw OFFCORE_EVENTS on "
4144 "Nehalem/Westmere/SandyBridge use this field on 3.3 and later kernels."
4148 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1030
4150 #| msgid "I<bp_len> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
4151 msgid "I<bp_len> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
4152 msgstr "I<bp_len> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
4155 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1044
4157 "I<bp_len> is the length of the breakpoint being measured if I<type> is "
4158 "B<PERF_TYPE_BREAKPOINT>. Options are B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_1>, "
4159 "B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_2>, B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_4>, B<HW_BREAKPOINT_LEN_8>. For "
4160 "an execution breakpoint, set this to I<sizeof(long)>."
4164 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1044
4166 #| msgid "I<config2> (Since Linux 2.6.39)"
4167 msgid "I<config2> (since Linux 2.6.39)"
4168 msgstr "I<config2> (Linux 2.6.39 以降)"
4171 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1051
4172 msgid "I<config2> is a further extension of the I<config1> field."
4176 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1051
4178 #| msgid "I<bp_type> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
4179 msgid "I<branch_sample_type> (since Linux 3.4)"
4180 msgstr "I<bp_type> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
4183 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1057
4185 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> is enabled, then this specifies what branches "
4186 "to include in the branch record."
4190 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1063
4192 "The first part of the value is the privilege level, which is a combination "
4193 "of one of the following values. If the user does not set privilege level "
4194 "explicitly, the kernel will use the event's privilege level. Event and "
4195 "branch privilege levels do not have to match."
4199 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1064
4201 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_USER>"
4205 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1067
4206 msgid "Branch target is in user space."
4210 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1067
4212 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_KERNEL>"
4216 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1070
4217 msgid "Branch target is in kernel space."
4221 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1070
4223 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_HV>"
4227 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1073
4228 msgid "Branch target is in hypervisor."
4232 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1073
4234 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_PLM_ALL>"
4238 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1076
4239 msgid "A convenience value that is the three preceding values ORed together."
4243 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1080
4245 "In addition to the privilege value, at least one or more of the following "
4250 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1081
4252 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY>"
4256 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1084
4257 msgid "Any branch type."
4261 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1084
4263 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY_CALL>"
4267 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1087
4268 msgid "Any call branch."
4272 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1087
4274 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ANY_RETURN>"
4278 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1090
4279 msgid "Any return branch."
4283 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1090
4285 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_CALL>"
4289 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1093
4290 msgid "Indirect calls."
4294 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1093
4296 #| msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (Since Linux 3.4)"
4297 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_ABORT_TX> (since Linux 3.11)"
4298 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (Linux 3.4 以降)"
4301 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1096
4302 msgid "Transactional memory aborts."
4306 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1096
4308 #| msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (Since Linux 3.4)"
4309 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IN_TX> (since Linux 3.11)"
4310 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (Linux 3.4 以降)"
4313 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1099
4314 msgid "Branch in transactional memory transaction."
4318 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1099
4320 #| msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (Since Linux 3.4)"
4321 msgid "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_NO_TX> (since Linux 3.11)"
4322 msgstr "B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> (Linux 3.4 以降)"
4325 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1102
4326 msgid "Branch not in transactional memory transaction."
4330 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1104
4332 #| msgid "I<sample_id_all> (Since Linux 2.6.38)"
4333 msgid "I<sample_regs_user> (since Linux 3.7)"
4334 msgstr "I<sample_id_all> (Linux 2.6.38 以降)"
4337 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1110
4339 "This bit mask defines the set of user CPU registers to dump on samples. The "
4340 "layout of the register mask is architecture-specific and described in the "
4341 "kernel header I<arch/ARCH/include/uapi/asm/perf_regs.h>."
4345 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1110
4347 #| msgid "I<sample_id_all> (Since Linux 2.6.38)"
4348 msgid "I<sample_stack_user> (since Linux 3.7)"
4349 msgstr "I<sample_id_all> (Linux 2.6.38 以降)"
4352 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1115
4354 "This defines the size of the user stack to dump if B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> "
4359 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1115
4361 msgid "Reading results"
4365 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1125
4367 "Once a B<perf_event_open>() file descriptor has been opened, the values of "
4368 "the events can be read from the file descriptor. The values that are there "
4369 "are specified by the I<read_format> field in the I<attr> structure at open "
4374 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1130
4376 "If you attempt to read into a buffer that is not big enough to hold the data "
4377 "B<ENOSPC> is returned"
4381 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1132
4382 msgid "Here is the layout of the data returned by a read:"
4386 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1132 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1150
4387 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1692 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1702
4388 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1710 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1716
4389 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1845
4395 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1136
4397 "If B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was specified to allow reading all events in a group "
4402 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1148
4405 "struct read_format {\n"
4406 " u64 nr; /* The number of events */\n"
4407 " u64 time_enabled; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED */\n"
4408 " u64 time_running; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING */\n"
4410 " u64 value; /* The value of the event */\n"
4411 " u64 id; /* if PERF_FORMAT_ID */\n"
4417 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1156
4418 msgid "If B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was I<not> specified:"
4422 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1165
4425 "struct read_format {\n"
4426 " u64 value; /* The value of the event */\n"
4427 " u64 time_enabled; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED */\n"
4428 " u64 time_running; /* if PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING */\n"
4429 " u64 id; /* if PERF_FORMAT_ID */\n"
4434 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1169
4435 msgid "The values read are as follows:"
4439 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1169
4445 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1175
4447 "The number of events in this file descriptor. Only available if "
4448 "B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> was specified."
4452 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1175
4454 msgid "I<time_enabled>, I<time_running>"
4458 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1187
4460 "Total time the event was enabled and running. Normally these are the same. "
4461 "If more events are started than available counter slots on the PMU, then "
4462 "multiplexing happens and events run only part of the time. In that case the "
4463 "I<time_enabled> and I<time running> values can be used to scale an estimated "
4464 "value for the count."
4468 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1187
4474 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1190
4475 msgid "An unsigned 64-bit value containing the counter result."
4479 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1190 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1581
4480 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1735
4486 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1196
4488 "A globally unique value for this particular event, only there if "
4489 "B<PERF_FORMAT_ID> was specified in I<read_format>."
4493 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1196
4499 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1206
4501 "When using B<perf_event_open>() in sampled mode, asynchronous events (like "
4502 "counter overflow or B<PROT_EXEC> mmap tracking) are logged into a ring-"
4503 "buffer. This ring-buffer is created and accessed through B<mmap>(2)."
4507 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1212
4509 "The mmap size should be 1+2^n pages, where the first page is a metadata page "
4510 "(I<struct perf_event_mmap_page>) that contains various bits of information "
4511 "such as where the ring-buffer head is."
4515 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1215
4517 "Before kernel 2.6.39, there is a bug that means you must allocate a mmap "
4518 "ring buffer when sampling even if you do not plan to access it."
4522 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1217
4523 msgid "The structure of the first metadata mmap page is as follows:"
4527 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1246
4530 "struct perf_event_mmap_page {\n"
4531 " __u32 version; /* version number of this structure */\n"
4532 " __u32 compat_version; /* lowest version this is compat with */\n"
4533 " __u32 lock; /* seqlock for synchronization */\n"
4534 " __u32 index; /* hardware counter identifier */\n"
4535 " __s64 offset; /* add to hardware counter value */\n"
4536 " __u64 time_enabled; /* time event active */\n"
4537 " __u64 time_running; /* time event on CPU */\n"
4539 " __u64 capabilities;\n"
4541 " __u64 cap_usr_time / cap_usr_rdpmc / cap_bit0 : 1,\n"
4542 " cap_bit0_is_deprecated : 1,\n"
4543 " cap_user_rdpmc : 1,\n"
4544 " cap_user_time : 1,\n"
4545 " cap_user_time_zero : 1,\n"
4548 " __u16 pmc_width;\n"
4549 " __u16 time_shift;\n"
4550 " __u32 time_mult;\n"
4551 " __u64 time_offset;\n"
4552 " __u64 __reserved[120]; /* Pad to 1k */\n"
4553 " __u64 data_head; /* head in the data section */\n"
4554 " __u64 data_tail; /* user-space written tail */\n"
4559 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1252
4561 "The following looks at the fields in the I<perf_event_mmap_page> structure "
4566 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1252
4572 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1255
4573 msgid "Version number of this structure."
4577 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1255
4579 msgid "I<compat_version>"
4583 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1258
4584 msgid "The lowest version this is compatible with."
4588 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1258
4594 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1261
4595 msgid "A seqlock for synchronization."
4599 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1261
4605 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1264
4606 msgid "A unique hardware counter identifier."
4610 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1264
4616 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1269
4618 "When using rdpmc for reads this offset value must be added to the one "
4619 "returned by rdpmc to get the current total event count."
4623 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1269
4625 msgid "I<time_enabled>"
4629 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1272
4630 msgid "Time the event was active."
4634 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1272
4636 msgid "I<time_running>"
4640 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1275
4641 msgid "Time the event was running."
4645 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1275
4647 msgid "I<cap_usr_time> / I<cap_usr_rdpmc> / I<cap_bit0> (since Linux 3.4)"
4651 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1288
4653 "There was a bug in the definition of I<cap_usr_time> and I<cap_usr_rdpmc> "
4654 "from Linux 3.4 until Linux 3.11. Both bits were defined to point to the "
4655 "same location, so it was impossible to know if I<cap_usr_time> or "
4656 "I<cap_usr_rdpmc> were actually set."
4660 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1296
4662 "Starting with 3.12 these are renamed to I<cap_bit0> and you should use the "
4663 "new I<cap_user_time> and I<cap_user_rdpmc> fields instead."
4667 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1297
4669 #| msgid "I<mmap_data> (Since Linux 2.6.36)"
4670 msgid "I<cap_bit0_is_deprecated> (since Linux 3.12)"
4671 msgstr "I<mmap_data> (Linux 2.6.36 以降)"
4674 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1305
4676 "If set this bit indicates that the kernel supports the properly separated "
4677 "I<cap_user_time> and I<cap_user_rdpmc> bits."
4681 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1312
4683 "If not-set, it indicates an older kernel where I<cap_usr_time> and "
4684 "I<cap_usr_rdpmc> map to the same bit and thus both features should be used "
4689 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1313
4691 #| msgid "I<precise_ip> (Since Linux 2.6.35)"
4692 msgid "I<cap_user_rdpmc> (since Linux 3.12)"
4693 msgstr "I<precise_ip> (Linux 2.6.35 以降)"
4696 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1318
4698 "If the hardware supports user-space read of performance counters without "
4699 "syscall (this is the \"rdpmc\" instruction on x86), then the following code "
4700 "can be used to do a read:"
4704 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1324
4707 "u32 seq, time_mult, time_shift, idx, width;\n"
4708 "u64 count, enabled, running;\n"
4709 "u64 cyc, time_offset;\n"
4713 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1330
4717 " seq = pc-E<gt>lock;\n"
4719 " enabled = pc-E<gt>time_enabled;\n"
4720 " running = pc-E<gt>time_running;\n"
4724 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1337
4727 " if (pc-E<gt>cap_usr_time && enabled != running) {\n"
4729 " time_offset = pc-E<gt>time_offset;\n"
4730 " time_mult = pc-E<gt>time_mult;\n"
4731 " time_shift = pc-E<gt>time_shift;\n"
4736 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1340
4739 " idx = pc-E<gt>index;\n"
4740 " count = pc-E<gt>offset;\n"
4744 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1345
4747 " if (pc-E<gt>cap_usr_rdpmc && idx) {\n"
4748 " width = pc-E<gt>pmc_width;\n"
4749 " count += rdpmc(idx - 1);\n"
4754 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1348
4758 "} while (pc-E<gt>lock != seq);\n"
4762 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1350
4764 #| msgid "I<precise_ip> (Since Linux 2.6.35)"
4765 msgid "I<cap_user_time (since Linux 3.12)>"
4766 msgstr "I<precise_ip> (Linux 2.6.35 以降)"
4769 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1354
4771 "This bit indicates the hardware has a constant, nonstop timestamp counter "
4776 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1354
4778 #| msgid "I<sample_id_all> (Since Linux 2.6.38)"
4779 msgid "I<cap_user_time_zero> (since Linux 3.12)"
4780 msgstr "I<sample_id_all> (Linux 2.6.38 以降)"
4783 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1360
4785 "Indicates the presence of I<time_zero> which allows mapping timestamp values "
4786 "to the hardware clock."
4790 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1360
4792 msgid "I<pmc_width>"
4796 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1367
4798 "If I<cap_usr_rdpmc>, this field provides the bit-width of the value read "
4799 "using the rdpmc or equivalent instruction. This can be used to sign extend "
4804 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1373
4807 "pmc E<lt>E<lt>= 64 - pmc_width;\n"
4808 "pmc E<gt>E<gt>= 64 - pmc_width; // signed shift right\n"
4813 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1375
4815 msgid "I<time_shift>, I<time_mult>, I<time_offset>"
4819 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1382
4821 "If I<cap_usr_time>, these fields can be used to compute the time delta since "
4822 "time_enabled (in nanoseconds) using rdtsc or similar."
4826 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1390
4831 " quot = (cyc E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
4832 " rem = cyc & ((1 E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) - 1);\n"
4833 " delta = time_offset + quot * time_mult +\n"
4834 " ((rem * time_mult) E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
4838 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1402
4840 "Where I<time_offset>, I<time_mult>, I<time_shift>, and I<cyc> are read in "
4841 "the seqcount loop described above. This delta can then be added to enabled "
4842 "and possible running (if idx), improving the scaling:"
4846 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1410
4849 " enabled += delta;\n"
4851 " running += delta;\n"
4852 " quot = count / running;\n"
4853 " rem = count % running;\n"
4854 " count = quot * enabled + (rem * enabled) / running;\n"
4858 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1411
4860 #| msgid "I<bp_len> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
4861 msgid "I<time_zero> (since Linux 3.12)"
4862 msgstr "I<bp_len> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
4865 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1419
4867 "If I<cap_usr_time_zero> is set then the hardware clock (the TSC timestamp "
4868 "counter on x86) can be calculated from the I<time_zero>, I<time_mult>, and "
4869 "I<time_shift> values:"
4873 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1424
4876 " time = timestamp - time_zero;\n"
4877 " quot = time / time_mult;\n"
4878 " rem = time % time_mult;\n"
4879 " cyc = (quot E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) + (rem E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) / time_mult;\n"
4883 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1426
4884 msgid "And vice versa:"
4888 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1431
4891 " quot = cyc E<gt>E<gt> time_shift;\n"
4892 " rem = cyc & ((1 E<lt>E<lt> time_shift) - 1);\n"
4893 " timestamp = time_zero + quot * time_mult +\n"
4894 " ((rem * time_mult) E<gt>E<gt> time_shift);\n"
4898 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1432
4900 msgid "I<data_head>"
4904 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1438
4906 "This points to the head of the data section. The value continuously "
4907 "increases, it does not wrap. The value needs to be manually wrapped by the "
4908 "size of the mmap buffer before accessing the samples."
4912 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1441
4914 "On SMP-capable platforms, after reading the data_head value, user space "
4915 "should issue an rmb()."
4919 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1441
4921 msgid "I<data_tail>"
4925 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1449
4927 "When the mapping is B<PROT_WRITE>, the I<data_tail> value should be written "
4928 "by user space to reflect the last read data. In this case the kernel will "
4929 "not overwrite unread data."
4933 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1451
4934 msgid "The following 2^n ring-buffer pages have the layout described below."
4938 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1465
4940 "If I<perf_event_attr.sample_id_all> is set, then all event types will have "
4941 "the sample_type selected fields related to where/when (identity) an event "
4942 "took place (TID, TIME, ID, CPU, STREAM_ID) described in "
4943 "B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE> below, it will be stashed just after the "
4944 "I<perf_event_header> and the fields already present for the existing fields, "
4945 "that is, at the end of the payload. That way a newer perf.data file will be "
4946 "supported by older perf tools, with these new optional fields being ignored."
4950 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1467
4951 msgid "The mmap values start with a header:"
4955 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1475
4958 "struct perf_event_header {\n"
4966 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1483
4968 "Below, we describe the I<perf_event_header> fields in more detail. For ease "
4969 "of reading, the fields with shorter descriptions are presented first."
4973 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1486
4974 msgid "This indicates the size of the record."
4978 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1486
4984 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1491
4985 msgid "The I<misc> field contains additional information about the sample."
4989 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1496
4991 "The CPU mode can be determined from this value by masking with "
4992 "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_CPUMODE_MASK> and looking for one of the following (note "
4993 "these are not bit masks, only one can be set at a time):"
4997 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1497
4999 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_CPUMODE_UNKNOWN>"
5003 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1500
5004 msgid "Unknown CPU mode."
5008 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1500
5010 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_KERNEL>"
5014 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1503
5015 msgid "Sample happened in the kernel."
5019 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1503
5021 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_USER>"
5025 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1506
5026 msgid "Sample happened in user code."
5030 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1506
5032 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_HYPERVISOR>"
5036 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1509
5037 msgid "Sample happened in the hypervisor."
5041 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1509
5043 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_KERNEL>"
5047 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1512
5048 msgid "Sample happened in the guest kernel."
5052 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1512
5054 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_USER>"
5058 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1515
5059 msgid "Sample happened in guest user code."
5063 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1519
5064 msgid "In addition, one of the following bits can be set:"
5068 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1519
5070 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_MMAP_DATA>"
5071 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_MMAP_DATA>"
5074 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1523
5076 "This is set when the mapping is not executable; otherwise the mapping is "
5081 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1523
5083 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXACT_IP>"
5087 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1531
5089 "This indicates that the content of B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP> points to the actual "
5090 "instruction that triggered the event. See also I<perf_event_attr."
5095 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1531
5097 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MISC_EXT_RESERVED>"
5101 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1534
5102 msgid "This indicates there is extended data available (currently not used)."
5106 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1544
5108 "The I<type> value is one of the below. The values in the corresponding "
5109 "record (that follows the header) depend on the I<type> selected as shown."
5113 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1546
5115 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_MMAP>"
5119 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1553
5121 "The MMAP events record the B<PROT_EXEC> mappings so that we can correlate "
5122 "user-space IPs to code. They have the following structure:"
5126 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1564
5130 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5135 " char filename[];\n"
5140 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1566
5142 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_LOST>"
5146 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1569
5147 msgid "This record indicates when events are lost."
5151 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1578
5155 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5158 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5163 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1584
5164 msgid "is the unique event ID for the samples that were lost."
5168 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1584
5174 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1587
5175 msgid "is the number of events that were lost."
5179 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1588
5181 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_COMM>"
5185 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1591
5186 msgid "This record indicates a change in the process name."
5190 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1600
5194 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5197 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5202 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1602
5204 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_EXIT>"
5205 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_EXIT>"
5208 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1605
5209 msgid "This record indicates a process exit event."
5213 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1615 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1645
5217 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5221 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5226 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1617
5228 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_THROTTLE>, B<PERF_RECORD_UNTHROTTLE>"
5232 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1620
5233 msgid "This record indicates a throttle/unthrottle event."
5237 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1630
5241 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5245 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5250 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1632
5252 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_FORK>"
5253 msgstr "B<PERF_RECORD_FORK>"
5256 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1635
5257 msgid "This record indicates a fork event."
5261 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1647
5263 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_READ>"
5267 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1650
5268 msgid "This record indicates a read event."
5272 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1659
5276 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5278 " struct read_format values;\n"
5279 " struct sample_id sample_id;\n"
5284 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1661
5286 msgid "B<PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE>"
5290 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1664
5291 msgid "This record indicates a sample."
5295 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1696
5299 " struct perf_event_header header;\n"
5300 " u64 sample_id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER */\n"
5301 " u64 ip; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_IP */\n"
5302 " u32 pid, tid; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TID */\n"
5303 " u64 time; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_TIME */\n"
5304 " u64 addr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR */\n"
5305 " u64 id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_ID */\n"
5306 " u64 stream_id; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID */\n"
5307 " u32 cpu, res; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CPU */\n"
5308 " u64 period; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD */\n"
5309 " struct read_format v; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_READ */\n"
5310 " u64 nr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN */\n"
5311 " u64 ips[nr]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN */\n"
5312 " u32 size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_RAW */\n"
5313 " char data[size]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_RAW */\n"
5314 " u64 bnr; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK */\n"
5315 " struct perf_branch_entry lbr[bnr];\n"
5316 " /* if PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK */\n"
5317 " u64 abi; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER */\n"
5318 " u64 regs[weight(mask)];\n"
5319 " /* if PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER */\n"
5320 " u64 size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
5321 " char data[size]; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
5322 " u64 dyn_size; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER */\n"
5323 " u64 weight; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT */\n"
5324 " u64 data_src; /* if PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC */\n"
5325 " u64 transaction;/* if PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION */\n"
5330 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1698
5332 msgid "I<sample_id>"
5336 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1708
5338 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER> is enabled, a 64-bit unique ID is included. "
5339 "This is a duplication of the B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> I<id> value, but included at "
5340 "the beginning of the sample so parsers can easily obtain the value."
5344 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1708
5350 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1714
5352 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_IP> is enabled, then a 64-bit instruction pointer value is "
5357 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1714
5359 msgid "I<pid>, I<tid>"
5363 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1720
5365 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_TID> is enabled, then a 32-bit process ID and 32-bit thread "
5370 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1720
5376 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1728
5378 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_TIME> is enabled, then a 64-bit timestamp is included. "
5379 "This is obtained via local_clock() which is a hardware timestamp if "
5380 "available and the jiffies value if not."
5384 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1728
5390 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1735
5392 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_ADDR> is enabled, then a 64-bit address is included. This "
5393 "is usually the address of a tracepoint, breakpoint, or software event; "
5394 "otherwise the value is 0."
5398 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1743
5400 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> is enabled, a 64-bit unique ID is included. If the "
5401 "event is a member of an event group, the group leader ID is returned. This "
5402 "ID is the same as the one returned by B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>."
5406 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1743
5408 msgid "I<stream_id>"
5412 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1753
5414 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_STREAM_ID> is enabled, a 64-bit unique ID is included. "
5415 "Unlike B<PERF_SAMPLE_ID> the actual ID is returned, not the group leader. "
5416 "This ID is the same as the one returned by B<PERF_FORMAT_ID>."
5420 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1753
5422 msgid "I<cpu>, I<res>"
5426 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1760
5428 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_CPU> is enabled, this is a 32-bit value indicating which "
5429 "CPU was being used, in addition to a reserved (unused) 32-bit value."
5433 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1760
5439 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1766
5441 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD> is enabled, a 64-bit value indicating the current "
5442 "sampling period is written."
5446 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1766
5452 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1777
5454 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_READ> is enabled, a structure of type read_format is "
5455 "included which has values for all events in the event group. The values "
5456 "included depend on the I<read_format> value used at B<perf_event_open>() "
5461 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1777
5463 msgid "I<nr>, I<ips[nr]>"
5467 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1785
5469 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN> is enabled, then a 64-bit number is included "
5470 "which indicates how many following 64-bit instruction pointers will follow. "
5471 "This is the current callchain."
5475 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1785
5477 msgid "I<size>, I<data[size]>"
5481 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1792
5483 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_RAW> is enabled, then a 32-bit value indicating size is "
5484 "included followed by an array of 8-bit values of length size. The values "
5485 "are padded with 0 to have 64-bit alignment."
5489 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1797
5491 "This RAW record data is opaque with respect to the ABI. The ABI doesn't "
5492 "make any promises with respect to the stability of its content, it may vary "
5493 "depending on event, hardware, and kernel version."
5497 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1797
5499 msgid "I<bnr>, I<lbr[bnr]>"
5503 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1806
5505 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK> is enabled, then a 64-bit value indicating "
5506 "the number of records is included, followed by I<bnr> I<perf_branch_entry> "
5507 "structures which each include the fields:"
5511 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1807
5517 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1810
5518 msgid "This indicates the source instruction (may not be a branch)."
5522 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1810
5528 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1813
5529 msgid "The branch target."
5533 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1813
5539 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1816
5540 msgid "The branch target was mispredicted."
5544 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1816
5546 msgid "I<predicted>"
5550 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1819
5551 msgid "The branch target was predicted."
5555 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1819
5557 #| msgid "I<bp_type> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
5558 msgid "I<in_tx> (since Linux 3.11)"
5559 msgstr "I<bp_type> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
5562 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1822
5563 msgid "The branch was in a transactional memory transaction."
5567 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1822
5569 #| msgid "I<bp_type> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
5570 msgid "I<abort> (since Linux 3.11)"
5571 msgstr "I<bp_type> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
5574 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1825
5575 msgid "The branch was in an aborted transactional memory transaction."
5579 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1829
5581 "The entries are from most to least recent, so the first entry has the most "
5586 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1836
5588 "Support for I<mispred> and I<predicted> is optional; if not supported, both "
5593 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1840
5595 "The type of branches recorded is specified by the I<branch_sample_type> "
5600 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1842
5602 msgid "I<abi>, I<regs[weight(mask)]>"
5606 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1847
5608 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER> is enabled, then the user CPU registers are "
5613 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1853
5615 "The I<abi> field is one of B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_NONE>, "
5616 "B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_32> or B<PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_ABI_64>."
5620 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1863
5622 "The I<regs> field is an array of the CPU registers that were specified by "
5623 "the I<sample_regs_user> attr field. The number of values is the number of "
5624 "bits set in the I<sample_regs_user> bit mask."
5628 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1863
5630 msgid "I<size>, I<data[size]>, I<dyn_size>"
5634 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1877
5636 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER> is enabled, then record the user stack to "
5637 "enable backtracing. I<size> is the size requested by the user in "
5638 "I<stack_user_size> or else the maximum record size. I<data> is the stack "
5639 "data. I<dyn_size> is the amount of data actually dumped (can be less than "
5644 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1877
5650 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1885
5652 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT> is enabled, then a 64-bit value provided by the "
5653 "hardware is recorded that indicates how costly the event was. This allows "
5654 "expensive events to stand out more clearly in profiles."
5658 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1885
5664 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1891
5666 "If B<PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC> is enabled, then a 64-bit value is recorded that "
5667 "is made up of the following fields:"
5671 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1892
5677 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1895
5678 msgid "Type of opcode, a bitwise combination of:"
5682 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1898
5684 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_NA>"
5688 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1901 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1924
5689 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1974 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1997
5690 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2011
5691 msgid "Not available"
5695 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1901
5697 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_LOAD>"
5701 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1904
5702 msgid "Load instruction"
5706 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1904
5708 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_STORE>"
5712 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1907
5713 msgid "Store instruction"
5717 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1907
5719 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_PFETCH>"
5723 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1910
5728 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1910
5730 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_OP_EXEC>"
5734 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1913
5735 msgid "Executable code"
5739 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1915
5745 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1918
5746 msgid "Memory hierarchy level hit or miss, a bitwise combination of:"
5750 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1921
5752 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_NA>"
5756 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1924
5758 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_HIT>"
5762 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1927 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2014
5767 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1927
5769 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_MISS>"
5773 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1930 build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2017
5778 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1930
5780 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L1>"
5784 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1933
5785 msgid "Level 1 cache"
5789 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1933
5791 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_LFB>"
5795 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1936
5796 msgid "Line fill buffer"
5800 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1936
5802 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L2>"
5806 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1939
5807 msgid "Level 2 cache"
5811 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1939
5813 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_L3>"
5817 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1942
5818 msgid "Level 3 cache"
5822 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1942
5824 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_LOC_RAM>"
5828 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1945
5833 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1945
5835 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_RAM1>"
5839 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1948
5840 msgid "Remote DRAM 1 hop"
5844 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1948
5846 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_RAM2>"
5850 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1951
5851 msgid "Remote DRAM 2 hops"
5855 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1951
5857 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_CCE1>"
5861 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1954
5862 msgid "Remote cache 1 hop"
5866 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1954
5868 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_REM_CCE2>"
5872 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1957
5873 msgid "Remote cache 2 hops"
5877 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1957
5879 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_IO>"
5883 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1960
5888 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1960
5890 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LVL_UNC>"
5894 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1963
5895 msgid "Uncached memory"
5899 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1965
5901 msgid "I<mem_snoop>"
5905 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1968
5906 msgid "Snoop mode, a bitwise combination of:"
5910 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1971
5912 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_NA>"
5916 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1974
5918 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_NONE>"
5922 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1977
5927 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1977
5929 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_HIT>"
5933 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1980
5938 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1980
5940 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_MISS>"
5944 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1983
5949 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1983
5951 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_SNOOP_HITM>"
5955 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1986
5956 msgid "Snoop hit modified"
5960 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1988
5966 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1991
5967 msgid "Lock instruction, a bitwise combination of:"
5971 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1994
5973 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LOCK_NA>"
5977 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:1997
5979 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_LOCK_LOCKED>"
5983 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2000
5984 msgid "Locked transaction"
5988 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2002
5994 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2005
5995 msgid "TLB access hit or miss, a bitwise combination of:"
5999 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2008
6001 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_NA>"
6005 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2011
6007 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_HIT>"
6011 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2014
6013 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_MISS>"
6017 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2017
6019 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_L1>"
6023 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2020
6028 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2020
6030 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_L2>"
6034 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2023
6039 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2023
6041 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_WK>"
6045 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2026
6046 msgid "Hardware walker"
6050 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2026
6052 msgid "B<PERF_MEM_TLB_OS>"
6056 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2029
6057 msgid "OS fault handler"
6061 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2032
6063 msgid "I<transaction>"
6067 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2038
6069 "If the B<PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION> flag is set then a 64-bit field is "
6070 "recorded describing the sources of any transactional memory aborts."
6074 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2040
6076 #| msgid "The I<subcmd> value is one of the following:"
6077 msgid "The field is a bitwise combination of the following values:"
6078 msgstr "I<subcmd> の値は以下のいずれかである"
6081 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2041
6083 #| msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>"
6084 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_ELISION>"
6085 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>"
6088 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2044
6089 msgid "Abort from an elision type transaction (Intel-CPU-specific)."
6093 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2044
6095 #| msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>"
6096 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_TRANSACTION>"
6097 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>"
6100 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2047
6101 msgid "Abort from a generic transaction."
6105 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2047
6107 #| msgid "B<Q_SYNC>"
6108 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_SYNC>"
6112 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2050
6113 msgid "Synchronous abort (related to the reported instruction)."
6117 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2050
6119 #| msgid "B<Q_SYNC>"
6120 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_ASYNC>"
6124 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2053
6125 msgid "Asynchronous abort (not related to the reported instruction)."
6129 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2053
6131 #| msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>"
6132 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_RETRY>"
6133 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>"
6136 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2056
6137 msgid "Retryable abort (retrying the transaction may have succeeded)."
6141 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2056
6143 #| msgid "B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>"
6144 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_CONFLICT>"
6145 msgstr "B<PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT>"
6148 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2059
6149 msgid "Abort due to memory conflicts with other threads."
6153 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2059
6155 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_CAPACITY_WRITE>"
6159 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2062
6160 msgid "Abort due to write capacity overflow."
6164 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2062
6166 msgid "B<PERF_TXN_CAPACITY_READ>"
6170 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2065
6171 msgid "Abort due to read capacity overflow."
6175 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2072
6177 "In addition, a user-specified abort code can be obtained from the high 32 "
6178 "bits of the field by shifting right by B<PERF_TXN_ABORT_SHIFT> and masking "
6179 "with B<PERF_TXN_ABORT_MASK>."
6183 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2074
6185 msgid "Signal overflow"
6189 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2083
6191 "Events can be set to deliver a signal when a threshold is crossed. The "
6192 "signal handler is set up using the B<poll>(2), B<select>(2), B<epoll>(2) "
6193 "and B<fcntl>(2), system calls."
6197 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2087
6199 "To generate signals, sampling must be enabled (I<sample_period> must have a "
6204 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2089
6205 msgid "There are two ways to generate signals."
6209 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2099
6211 "The first is to set a I<wakeup_events> or I<wakeup_watermark> value that "
6212 "will generate a signal if a certain number of samples or bytes have been "
6213 "written to the mmap ring buffer. In this case a signal of type B<POLL_IN> "
6218 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2111
6220 "The other way is by use of the B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH> ioctl. This ioctl "
6221 "adds to a counter that decrements each time the event overflows. When "
6222 "nonzero, a B<POLL_IN> signal is sent on overflow, but once the value reaches "
6223 "0, a signal is sent of type B<POLL_HUP> and the underlying event is disabled."
6226 #. FIXME(Vince) : Find out when this was introduced
6228 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2117
6230 "Note: on newer kernels (definitely noticed with 3.2) a signal is provided "
6231 "for every overflow, even if I<wakeup_events> is not set."
6235 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2117
6237 msgid "rdpmc instruction"
6241 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2124
6243 "Starting with Linux 3.4 on x86, you can use the I<rdpmc> instruction to get "
6244 "low-latency reads without having to enter the kernel. Note that using "
6245 "I<rdpmc> is not necessarily faster than other methods for reading event "
6250 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2129
6252 "Support for this can be detected with the I<cap_usr_rdpmc> field in the mmap "
6253 "page; documentation on how to calculate event values can be found in that "
6258 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2129
6260 msgid "perf_event ioctl calls"
6264 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2134
6265 msgid "Various ioctls act on B<perf_event_open>() file descriptors"
6269 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2134
6271 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
6272 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE>"
6275 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2138
6277 "Enables the individual event or event group specified by the file descriptor "
6282 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2144
6284 "If the B<PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP> bit is set in the ioctl argument, then all "
6285 "events in a group are enabled, even if the event specified is not the group "
6286 "leader (but see BUGS)."
6290 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2144
6292 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE>"
6293 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE>"
6296 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2148
6298 "Disables the individual counter or event group specified by the file "
6299 "descriptor argument."
6303 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2155
6305 "Enabling or disabling the leader of a group enables or disables the entire "
6306 "group; that is, while the group leader is disabled, none of the counters in "
6307 "the group will count. Enabling or disabling a member of a group other than "
6308 "the leader affects only that counter; disabling a non-leader stops that "
6309 "counter from counting but doesn't affect any other counter."
6313 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2161
6315 "If the B<PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP> bit is set in the ioctl argument, then all "
6316 "events in a group are disabled, even if the event specified is not the group "
6317 "leader (but see BUGS)."
6321 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2161
6323 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH>"
6324 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH>"
6327 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2175
6329 "Non-inherited overflow counters can use this to enable a counter for a "
6330 "number of overflows specified by the argument, after which it is disabled. "
6331 "Subsequent calls of this ioctl add the argument value to the current count. "
6332 "A signal with B<POLL_IN> set will happen on each overflow until the count "
6333 "reaches 0; when that happens a signal with POLL_HUP set is sent and the "
6334 "event is disabled. Using an argument of 0 is considered undefined behavior."
6338 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2175
6340 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET>"
6341 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET>"
6344 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2185
6346 "Reset the event count specified by the file descriptor argument to zero. "
6347 "This resets only the counts; there is no way to reset the multiplexing "
6348 "I<time_enabled> or I<time_running> values."
6352 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2191
6354 "If the B<PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP> bit is set in the ioctl argument, then all "
6355 "events in a group are reset, even if the event specified is not the group "
6356 "leader (but see BUGS)."
6360 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2191
6362 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD>"
6363 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD>"
6366 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2197
6368 "This updates the overflow period for the event. On most architectures the "
6369 "new period does not take effect until after the next overflow happens; on "
6370 "ARM since Linux 3.7 the period is updated immediately."
6374 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2200
6376 "The argument is a pointer to a 64-bit value containing the desired new "
6381 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2203
6383 "Prior to Linux 2.6.36 this ioctl always failed due to a bug in the kernel."
6387 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2204
6389 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_OUTPUT>"
6393 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2209
6395 "This tells the kernel to report event notifications to the specified file "
6396 "descriptor rather than the default one. The file descriptors must all be on "
6401 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2212
6403 "The argument specifies the desired file descriptor, or -1 if output should "
6408 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2212
6410 #| msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_FILTER> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
6411 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_FILTER> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
6412 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_FILTER> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
6415 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2215
6416 msgid "This adds an ftrace filter to this event."
6420 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2217
6421 msgid "The argument is a pointer to the desired ftrace filter."
6425 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2217
6427 #| msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_FILTER> (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
6428 msgid "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_ID> (since Linux 3.12)"
6429 msgstr "B<PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_FILTER> (Linux 2.6.33 以降)"
6432 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2220
6433 msgid "Returns the event ID value for the given event fd."
6437 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2223
6439 "The argument is a pointer to a 64-bit unsigned integer to hold the result."
6443 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2223
6449 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2236
6451 "A process can enable or disable all the event groups that are attached to it "
6452 "using the B<prctl>(2) B<PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_ENABLE> and "
6453 "B<PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_DISABLE> operations. This applies to all counters on "
6454 "the current process, whether created by this process or by another, and does "
6455 "not affect any counters that this process has created on other processes. "
6456 "It enables or disables only the group leaders, not any other members in the "
6461 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2236
6463 msgid "perf_event related configuration files"
6467 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2239
6468 msgid "Files in I</proc/sys/kernel/>"
6472 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2240
6474 msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid>"
6478 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2246
6480 "The I<perf_event_paranoid> file can be set to restrict access to the "
6481 "performance counters."
6485 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2247
6491 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2249
6492 msgid "only allow user-space measurements."
6496 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2249
6502 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2251
6503 msgid "allow both kernel and user measurements (default)."
6507 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2251
6513 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2253
6514 msgid "allow access to CPU-specific data but not raw tracepoint samples."
6518 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2253
6524 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2255
6525 msgid "no restrictions."
6529 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2261
6531 "The existence of the I<perf_event_paranoid> file is the official method for "
6532 "determining if a kernel supports B<perf_event_open>()."
6536 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2261
6538 msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_sample_rate>"
6542 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2270
6544 "This sets the maximum sample rate. Setting this too high can allow users to "
6545 "sample at a rate that impacts overall machine performance and potentially "
6546 "lock up the machine. The default value is 100000 (samples per second)."
6550 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2270
6552 msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_mlock_kb>"
6556 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2275
6558 "Maximum number of pages an unprivileged user can mlock (2) . The default is "
6563 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2279
6564 msgid "Files in I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/>"
6568 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2285
6570 "Since Linux 2.6.34 the kernel supports having multiple PMUs available for "
6571 "monitoring. Information on how to program these PMUs can be found under I</"
6572 "sys/bus/event_source/devices/>. Each subdirectory corresponds to a "
6577 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2285
6579 #| msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/type> (Since Linux 2.6.38)"
6580 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/type> (since Linux 2.6.38)"
6581 msgstr "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/type> (Linux 2.6.38 以降)"
6584 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2290
6586 "This contains an integer that can be used in the I<type> field of "
6587 "perf_event_attr to indicate you wish to use this PMU."
6591 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2290
6593 #| msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/type> (Since Linux 2.6.38)"
6594 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/rdpmc> (since Linux 3.4)"
6595 msgstr "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/type> (Linux 2.6.38 以降)"
6598 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2295
6600 "If this file is 1, then direct user-space access to the performance counter "
6601 "registers is allowed via the rdpmc instruction. This can be disabled by "
6602 "echoing 0 to the file."
6606 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2295
6608 #| msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/type> (Since Linux 2.6.38)"
6609 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/format/> (since Linux 3.4)"
6610 msgstr "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/type> (Linux 2.6.38 以降)"
6613 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2301
6615 "This subdirectory contains information on the architecture-specific "
6616 "subfields available for programming the various I<config> fields in the "
6617 "perf_event_attr struct."
6621 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2311
6623 "The content of each file is the name of the config field, followed by a "
6624 "colon, followed by a series of integer bit ranges separated by commas. For "
6625 "example, the file I<event> may contain the value I<config1:1,6-10,44> which "
6626 "indicates that event is an attribute that occupies bits 1,6-10, and 44 of "
6627 "perf_event_attr::config1."
6631 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2311
6633 #| msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/type> (Since Linux 2.6.38)"
6634 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/events/> (since Linux 3.4)"
6635 msgstr "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/type> (Linux 2.6.38 以降)"
6638 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2320
6640 "This subdirectory contains files with predefined events. The contents are "
6641 "strings describing the event settings expressed in terms of the fields found "
6642 "in the previously mentioned I<./format/> directory. These are not "
6643 "necessarily complete lists of all events supported by a PMU, but usually a "
6644 "subset of events deemed useful or interesting."
6648 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2328
6650 "The content of each file is a list of attribute names separated by commas. "
6651 "Each entry has an optional value (either hex or decimal). If no value is "
6652 "specified than it is assumed to be a single-bit field with a value of 1. An "
6653 "example entry may look like this: I<event=0x2,inv,ldlat=3>."
6657 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2328
6659 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/uevent>"
6663 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2332
6665 "This file is the standard kernel device interface for injecting hotplug "
6670 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2332
6672 #| msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/type> (Since Linux 2.6.38)"
6673 msgid "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/cpumask> (since Linux 3.7)"
6674 msgstr "I</sys/bus/event_source/devices/*/type> (Linux 2.6.38 以降)"
6677 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2341
6679 "The I<cpumask> file contains a comma-separated list of integers that "
6680 "indicate a representative CPU number for each socket (package) on the "
6681 "motherboard. This is needed when setting up uncore or northbridge events, "
6682 "as those PMUs present socket-wide events."
6686 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2348
6688 "B<perf_event_open>() returns the new file descriptor, or -1 if an error "
6689 "occurred (in which case, I<errno> is set appropriately)."
6693 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2349
6699 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2364
6701 "Returned if the perf_event_attr I<size> value is too small (smaller than "
6702 "B<PERF_ATTR_SIZE_VER0>), too big (larger than the page size), or larger than "
6703 "the kernel supports and the extra bytes are not zero. When B<E2BIG> is "
6704 "returned, the perf_event_attr I<size> field is overwritten by the kernel to "
6705 "be the size of the structure it was expecting."
6709 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2367
6710 msgid "Returned if the specified event is not available."
6714 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2367
6720 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2377
6722 "Prior to Linux 3.3, if there was not enough room for the event, B<ENOSPC> "
6723 "was returned. Linus did not like this, and this was changed to B<EINVAL>. "
6724 "B<ENOSPC> is still returned if you try to read results into too small of a "
6729 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2377
6735 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2382
6737 "B<perf_event_open>() was introduced in Linux 2.6.31 but was called "
6738 "B<perf_counter_open>(). It was renamed in Linux 2.6.32."
6742 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2387
6744 "This B<perf_event_open>() system call Linux- specific and should not be "
6745 "used in programs intended to be portable."
6747 "B<perf_event_open>() システムコールは Linux 固有であり、 移植を意図したプログ"
6751 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2391
6753 "Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using "
6754 "B<syscall>(2). See the example below."
6756 "glibc はこのシステムコールに対するラッパー関数を提供していない。 B<syscall>"
6757 "(2) を使って呼び出すこと。 以下の例を参照。"
6760 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2397
6762 "The official way of knowing if B<perf_event_open>() support is enabled is "
6763 "checking for the existence of the file I</proc/sys/kernel/"
6764 "perf_event_paranoid>."
6768 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2397 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:134
6769 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1963
6775 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2404
6777 "The B<F_SETOWN_EX> option to B<fcntl>(2) is needed to properly get overflow "
6778 "signals in threads. This was introduced in Linux 2.6.32."
6782 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2412
6784 "Prior to Linux 2.6.33 (at least for x86) the kernel did not check if events "
6785 "could be scheduled together until read time. The same happens on all known "
6786 "kernels if the NMI watchdog is enabled. This means to see if a given set of "
6787 "events works you have to B<perf_event_open>(), start, then read before you "
6788 "know for sure you can get valid measurements."
6792 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2416
6794 "Prior to Linux 2.6.34 event constraints were not enforced by the kernel. In "
6795 "that case, some events would silently return \"0\" if the kernel scheduled "
6796 "them in an improper counter slot."
6800 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2419
6802 "Prior to Linux 2.6.34 there was a bug when multiplexing where the wrong "
6803 "results could be returned."
6807 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2422
6809 "Kernels from Linux 2.6.35 to Linux 2.6.39 can quickly crash the kernel if "
6810 "\"inherit\" is enabled and many threads are started."
6814 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2426
6816 "Prior to Linux 2.6.35, B<PERF_FORMAT_GROUP> did not work with attached "
6821 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2431
6823 "In older Linux 2.6 versions, refreshing an event group leader refreshed all "
6824 "siblings, and refreshing with a parameter of 0 enabled infinite refresh. "
6825 "This behavior is unsupported and should not be relied on."
6829 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2437
6831 "There is a bug in the kernel code between Linux 2.6.36 and Linux 3.0 that "
6832 "ignores the \"watermark\" field and acts as if a wakeup_event was chosen if "
6833 "the union has a nonzero value in it."
6837 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2443
6839 "From Linux 2.6.31 to Linux 3.4, the B<PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP> ioctl argument "
6840 "was broken and would repeatedly operate on the event specified rather than "
6841 "iterating across all sibling events in a group."
6845 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2454
6847 "From Linux 3.4 to Linux 3.11, the mmap I<cap_usr_rdpmc> and I<cap_usr_time> "
6848 "bits mapped to the same location. Code should migrate to the new "
6849 "I<cap_user_rdpmc> and I<cap_user_time> fields instead."
6853 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2459
6855 "Always double-check your results! Various generalized events have had wrong "
6856 "values. For example, retired branches measured the wrong thing on AMD "
6857 "machines until Linux 2.6.35."
6861 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2459 build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:295
6862 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:223 build/C/man2/tee.2:130
6868 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2463
6870 "The following is a short example that measures the total instruction count "
6871 "of a call to B<printf>(3)."
6875 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2472
6878 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
6879 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
6880 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
6881 "#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
6882 "#include E<lt>sys/ioctl.hE<gt>\n"
6883 "#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>\n"
6884 "#include E<lt>asm/unistd.hE<gt>\n"
6886 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
6887 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
6888 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
6889 "#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
6890 "#include E<lt>sys/ioctl.hE<gt>\n"
6891 "#include E<lt>linux/perf_event.hE<gt>\n"
6892 "#include E<lt>asm/unistd.hE<gt>\n"
6895 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2478
6898 #| "B<int perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *>I<attr>B<,>\n"
6899 #| "B< pid_t >I<pid>B<, int >I<cpu>B<, int >I<group_fd>B<,>\n"
6900 #| "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
6903 "perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *hw_event, pid_t pid,\n"
6904 " int cpu, int group_fd, unsigned long flags)\n"
6908 "B<int perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr *>I<attr>B<,>\n"
6909 "B< pid_t >I<pid>B<, int >I<cpu>B<, int >I<group_fd>B<,>\n"
6910 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
6913 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2483
6916 " ret = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, hw_event, pid, cpu,\n"
6917 " group_fd, flags);\n"
6923 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2490
6927 "main(int argc, char **argv)\n"
6929 " struct perf_event_attr pe;\n"
6930 " long long count;\n"
6934 "main(int argc, char **argv)\n"
6936 " struct perf_event_attr pe;\n"
6937 " long long count;\n"
6941 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2498
6944 " memset(&pe, 0, sizeof(struct perf_event_attr));\n"
6945 " pe.type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE;\n"
6946 " pe.size = sizeof(struct perf_event_attr);\n"
6947 " pe.config = PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS;\n"
6948 " pe.disabled = 1;\n"
6949 " pe.exclude_kernel = 1;\n"
6950 " pe.exclude_hv = 1;\n"
6954 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2504
6957 " fd = perf_event_open(&pe, 0, -1, -1, 0);\n"
6958 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
6959 " fprintf(stderr, \"Error opening leader %llx\\en\", pe.config);\n"
6960 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
6963 " fd = perf_event_open(&pe, 0, -1, -1, 0);\n"
6964 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
6965 " fprintf(stderr, \"Error opening leader %llx\\en\", pe.config);\n"
6966 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
6970 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2507
6973 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET, 0);\n"
6974 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0);\n"
6978 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2509
6980 msgid " printf(\"Measuring instruction count for this printf\\en\");\n"
6984 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2512
6987 " ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE, 0);\n"
6988 " read(fd, &count, sizeof(long long));\n"
6992 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2514
6994 msgid " printf(\"Used %lld instructions\\en\", count);\n"
6998 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2517
7006 #: build/C/man2/perf_event_open.2:2524
7007 msgid "B<fcntl>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<read>(2)"
7008 msgstr "B<fcntl>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<prctl>(2), B<read>(2)"
7011 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:27
7017 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:30
7018 msgid "perfmonctl - interface to IA-64 performance monitoring unit"
7022 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:34
7025 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
7026 "B<#include E<lt>perfmon.hE<gt>>\n"
7028 "B<#include E<lt>syscall.hE<gt>>\n"
7029 "B<#include E<lt>perfmon.hE<gt>>\n"
7032 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:36
7034 msgid "B<long perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, int >I<cmd>B<, void *>I<arg>B<, int >I<narg>B<);>\n"
7035 msgstr "B<long perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, int >I<cmd>B<, void *>I<arg>B<, int >I<narg>B<);>\n"
7038 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:47
7040 "The IA-64-specific B<perfmonctl>() system call provides an interface to the "
7041 "PMU (performance monitoring unit). The PMU consists of PMD (performance "
7042 "monitoring data) registers and PMC (performance monitoring control) "
7043 "registers, which gather hardware statistics."
7047 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:57
7049 "B<perfmonctl>() applies the operation I<cmd> to the input arguments "
7050 "specified by I<arg>. The number of arguments is defined by I<narg>. The "
7051 "I<fd> argument specifies the perfmon context to operate on."
7055 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:61
7056 msgid "Supported values for I<cmd> are:"
7060 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:61
7062 msgid "B<PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT>"
7063 msgstr "B<PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT>"
7066 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:65
7068 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT, pfarg_context_t *>I<ctxt>B<, 1);>\n"
7072 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:67
7073 msgid "Set up a context."
7077 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:74
7079 "The I<fd> parameter is ignored. A new perfmon context is created as "
7080 "specified in I<ctxt> and its file descriptor is returned in I<ctxt-"
7085 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:86
7087 "The file descriptor can be used in subsequent calls to B<perfmonctl>() and "
7088 "can be used to read event notifications (type I<pfm_msg_t>) using B<read>"
7089 "(2). The file descriptor is pollable using B<select>(2), B<poll>(2), and "
7094 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:90
7096 "The context can be destroyed by calling B<close>(2) on the file descriptor."
7100 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:90
7102 msgid "B<PFM_WRITE_PMCS>"
7106 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:95
7108 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_WRITE_PMCS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmcs>B<, n);>\n"
7112 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:97
7113 msgid "Set PMC registers."
7117 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:97
7119 msgid "B<PFM_WRITE_PMDS>"
7123 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:101
7125 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_WRITE_PMDS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmds>B<, n);>\n"
7130 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:104
7131 msgid "Set PMD registers."
7135 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:104
7137 msgid "B<PFM_READ_PMDS>"
7141 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:109
7143 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_READ_PMDS, pfarg_reg_t *>I<pmds>B<, n);>\n"
7147 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:111
7148 msgid "Read PMD registers."
7152 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:111
7154 msgid "B<PFM_START>"
7157 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_START, arg, 1);
7159 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:117
7161 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_START, NULL, 0);>\n"
7165 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:119
7166 msgid "Start monitoring."
7170 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:119
7176 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:124
7178 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_STOP, NULL, 0);>\n"
7182 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:126
7183 msgid "Stop monitoring."
7187 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:126
7189 msgid "B<PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT>"
7190 msgstr "B<PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT>"
7193 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:131
7195 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_LOAD_CONTEXT, pfarg_load_t *>I<largs>B<, 1);>\n"
7199 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:133
7200 msgid "Attach the context to a thread."
7204 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:133
7206 msgid "B<PFM_UNLOAD_CONTEXT>"
7210 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:138
7212 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_UNLOAD_CONTEXT, NULL, 0);>\n"
7216 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:140
7217 msgid "Detach the context from a thread."
7221 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:140
7223 msgid "B<PFM_RESTART>"
7227 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:145
7229 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_RESTART, NULL, 0);>\n"
7233 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:147
7234 msgid "Restart monitoring after receiving an overflow notification."
7238 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:147
7240 msgid "B<PFM_GET_FEATURES>"
7241 msgstr "B<PFM_GET_FEATURES>"
7244 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:152
7246 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_GET_FEARURES, pfarg_features_t *>I<arg>B<, 1);>\n"
7250 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:153
7252 msgid "B<PFM_DEBUG>"
7256 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:158
7258 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_DEBUG, >I<val>B<, 0);>\n"
7262 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:162
7263 msgid "If I<val> is nonzero, enable debugging mode, otherwise disable."
7267 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:162
7269 msgid "B<PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL>"
7273 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:167
7275 msgid "B<perfmonctl(int >I<fd>B<, PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL, pfarg_reg_t * >I<req>B<, n);>\n"
7282 #. .B PFM_CREATE_EVTSETS
7283 #. create or modify event sets
7285 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_CREATE_EVTSETS, pfarg_setdesc_t *desc , n);
7288 #. .B PFM_DELETE_EVTSETS
7289 #. delete event sets
7291 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_DELETE_EVTSET, pfarg_setdesc_t *desc , n);
7294 #. .B PFM_GETINFO_EVTSETS
7295 #. get information about event sets
7297 #. .BI "perfmonctl(int " fd ", PFM_GETINFO_EVTSETS, pfarg_setinfo_t *info, n);
7300 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:190
7301 msgid "Reset PMC registers to default values."
7305 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:196
7308 #| "On success, B<kexec_load>() returns 0. On error, -1 is returned and "
7309 #| "I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
7311 "B<perfmonctl>() returns zero when the operation is successful. On error, "
7312 "-1 is returned and I<errno> is set to indicate the cause of the error."
7314 "成功すると、 B<kexec_load> は 0 を返す。\n"
7315 "エラーの場合、 -1 が返り、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値が設定される。"
7318 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:199
7319 msgid "B<perfmonctl>() is available since Linux 2.4."
7323 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:202
7325 #| msgid "B<pivot_root>() is Linux-specific and hence is not portable."
7327 "B<perfmonctl>() is Linux-specific and is available only on the IA-64 "
7329 msgstr "B<pivot_root>() は Linux に固有のものなので、移植性はない。"
7332 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:207
7337 #: build/C/man2/perfmonctl.2:209
7338 msgid "The perfmon2 interface specification"
7342 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:32
7345 msgstr "PERSONALITY"
7348 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:32
7354 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:35
7355 msgid "personality - set the process execution domain"
7356 msgstr "personality - プロセスを実行するドメインを設定する"
7359 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:37
7360 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/personality.hE<gt>>"
7361 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/personality.hE<gt>>"
7364 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:39
7365 msgid "B<int personality(unsigned long >I<persona>B<);>"
7366 msgstr "B<int personality(unsigned long >I<persona>B<);>"
7369 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:47
7371 "Linux supports different execution domains, or personalities, for each "
7372 "process. Among other things, execution domains tell Linux how to map signal "
7373 "numbers into signal actions. The execution domain system allows Linux to "
7374 "provide limited support for binaries compiled under other UNIX-like "
7375 "operating systems."
7377 "Linux は、プロセス毎の異なる実行ドメイン、すなわち パーソナリティ "
7378 "(personality) をサポートしている。 実行ドメインは Linux にシグナル番号にどの"
7379 "シグナルを割り付けるかを 教えたりする。また、実行ドメイン・システムにより、 "
7380 "Linux は他の UNIX 風のオペレーティング・システムでコンパイルされた バイナリに"
7381 "対する限定的なサポートを提供している。"
7384 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:57
7386 "This function will return the current B<personality>() when I<persona> "
7387 "equals 0xffffffff. Otherwise, it will make the execution domain referenced "
7388 "by I<persona> the new execution domain of the calling process."
7390 "B<personality ()> 関数は、 I<persona> が 0xffffffff の場合は現在の B<パーソナ"
7391 "リティ> を返す。 それ以外の場合、 I<persona> により参照される実行ドメイン"
7392 "を、 呼び出し元のプロセスの新しい実行ドメインとする。"
7395 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:64
7397 "On success, the previous I<persona> is returned. On error, -1 is returned, "
7398 "and I<errno> is set appropriately."
7400 "成功した場合、以前の I<persona> が返される。エラーの場合は、-1 が返され、 "
7401 "I<errno> が適切に設定される。"
7404 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:68
7405 msgid "The kernel was unable to change the personality."
7406 msgstr "カーネルがパーソナリティを変更できなかった。"
7409 #: build/C/man2/personality.2:72
7411 "B<personality>() is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs "
7412 "intended to be portable."
7414 "B<personality>() は Linux 固有であり、移植を意図したプログラムで使用すべきで"
7418 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:10
7424 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:13
7425 msgid "pivot_root - change the root filesystem"
7426 msgstr "pivot_root - root ファイルシステムを変更する"
7429 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:15
7431 "B<int pivot_root(const char *>I<new_root>B<, const char *>I<put_old>B<);>"
7433 "B<int pivot_root(const char *>I<new_root>B<, const char *>I<put_old>B<);>"
7437 #. capability is required.
7439 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:27
7441 "B<pivot_root>() moves the root filesystem of the calling process to the "
7442 "directory I<put_old> and makes I<new_root> the new root filesystem of the "
7445 "B<pivot_root>() は呼び出し元のプロセスの root ファイルシステムを I<put_old> "
7446 "ディレクトリに移動し、 I<new_root> を呼び出し元のプロセスの新しい root ファイ"
7450 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:34
7452 "The typical use of B<pivot_root>() is during system startup, when the "
7453 "system mounts a temporary root filesystem (e.g., an B<initrd>), then mounts "
7454 "the real root filesystem, and eventually turns the latter into the current "
7455 "root of all relevant processes or threads."
7457 "B<pivot_root>() の典型的な利用法は、システムの起動中にシステムが一時的な "
7458 "root ファイルシステム (例えば B<initrd>) をマウントし、これに続いて本当の "
7459 "root ファイルシステムをマウントし、 後者を必要な全てのプロセス・スレッドの カ"
7460 "レント root に変更するような場合である。"
7463 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:46
7465 "B<pivot_root>() may or may not change the current root and the current "
7466 "working directory of any processes or threads which use the old root "
7467 "directory. The caller of B<pivot_root>() must ensure that processes with "
7468 "root or current working directory at the old root operate correctly in "
7469 "either case. An easy way to ensure this is to change their root and current "
7470 "working directory to I<new_root> before invoking B<pivot_root>()."
7472 "古い root ディレクトリを使っていた全てのプロセスやスレッドの カレント root と"
7473 "カレントワーキングディレクトリを、 B<pivot_root>() が変更するかどうかはわか"
7474 "らない。 B<pivot_root>() の呼びだしプロセスは、古い root やカレントワーキン"
7475 "グディレクトリを使っていた プロセスが、いずれの場合でも正しく動作することを保"
7476 "証しなければならない。 これを簡単に行うには、それらのプロセスの root と カレ"
7477 "ントワーキングディレクトリを B<pivot_root>() を呼び出す前に I<new_root> に変"
7481 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:64
7483 "The paragraph above is intentionally vague because the implementation of "
7484 "B<pivot_root>() may change in the future. At the time of writing, "
7485 "B<pivot_root>() changes root and current working directory of each process "
7486 "or thread to I<new_root> if they point to the old root directory. This is "
7487 "necessary in order to prevent kernel threads from keeping the old root "
7488 "directory busy with their root and current working directory, even if they "
7489 "never access the filesystem in any way. In the future, there may be a "
7490 "mechanism for kernel threads to explicitly relinquish any access to the "
7491 "filesystem, such that this fairly intrusive mechanism can be removed from "
7494 "上記の段落は、将来 B<pivot_root>() が変更されるかも知れないことを鑑みて、わ"
7495 "ざと曖昧に書いてある。 本ページを記述している時点では、 B<pivot_root>() は古"
7496 "い root ディレクトリを用いている全てのプロセス・スレッドの root と カレント"
7497 "ワーキングディレクトリを I<new_root> に変更する。これはカーネルのスレッドが古"
7498 "い root ディレクトリを busy 状態にしないために必要である。これらのスレッドが "
7499 "古いディレクトリを root やカレントワーキングディレクトリとしていると、 ファイ"
7500 "ルシステムに一切アクセスしない場合でも 古い root が busy になってしまうからで"
7501 "ある。 将来は、カーネルスレッドがあらゆるファイルシステムへのアクセスを 明示"
7502 "的に放棄するメカニズムができ、このでしゃばりな機能は B<pivot_root>() から削"
7506 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:72
7508 "Note that this also applies to the calling process: B<pivot_root>() may or "
7509 "may not affect its current working directory. It is therefore recommended "
7510 "to call B<chdir(\"/\")> immediately after B<pivot_root>()."
7512 "これは呼び出し元のプロセスについても当てはまることに注意。 B<pivot_root>() "
7513 "がカレントプロセスのカレントワーキングディレクトリに影響するかどうかは 分から"
7514 "ない。したがって B<pivot_root>() の直後に B<chdir(\"/\")> を呼び出すとよい。"
7517 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:74
7518 msgid "The following restrictions apply to I<new_root> and I<put_old>:"
7519 msgstr "I<new_root> および I<put_old> には以下の制限がある:"
7522 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:74 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:76
7523 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:79 build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:83
7529 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:76
7530 msgid "They must be directories."
7531 msgstr "ディレクトリでなければならない。"
7534 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:79
7536 "I<new_root> and I<put_old> must not be on the same filesystem as the current "
7539 "I<new_root> と I<put_old> は現在の root と同じファイルシステムにあってはなら"
7543 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:83
7545 "I<put_old> must be underneath I<new_root>, that is, adding a nonzero number "
7546 "of I</..> to the string pointed to by I<put_old> must yield the same "
7547 "directory as I<new_root>."
7549 "I<put_old> は I<new_root> 以下になければならない。すなわち I<put_old> を差す"
7550 "文字列に 1 個以上の I<../> を付けることによって I<new_root> と同じディレクト"
7554 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:85
7555 msgid "No other filesystem may be mounted on I<put_old>."
7556 msgstr "他のファイルシステムが I<put_old> にマウントされていてはならない。"
7559 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:89
7560 msgid "See also B<pivot_root>(8) for additional usage examples."
7561 msgstr "利用例については B<pivot_root>(8) を参照のこと。"
7564 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:96
7566 "If the current root is not a mount point (e.g., after B<chroot>(2) or "
7567 "B<pivot_root>(), see also below), not the old root directory, but the mount "
7568 "point of that filesystem is mounted on I<put_old>."
7570 "現在の root がマウントポイントではない (B<chroot>(2) や B<pivot_root>() の"
7571 "後など。以下も参照) 場合、 古い root ディレクトリではなく、 そのファイルシス"
7572 "テムのマウントポイントが I<put_old> にマウントされる。"
7575 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:101
7577 "I<new_root> does not have to be a mount point. In this case, I</proc/"
7578 "mounts> will show the mount point of the filesystem containing I<new_root> "
7581 "I<new_root> はマウントポイントでなくてもよい。 この場合 I</proc/mounts> は、 "
7582 "I<new_root> を root (I</>) とするファイルシステムのマウントポイントを表示す"
7586 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:110
7588 "B<pivot_root>() may return (in I<errno>) any of the errors returned by "
7589 "B<stat>(2). Additionally, it may return:"
7591 "B<pivot_root>() は B<stat>(2) の返すあらゆるエラーを (I<errno> に) 返す可能"
7592 "性がある。さらに以下を返すことがある:"
7595 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:114
7597 "I<new_root> or I<put_old> are on the current root filesystem, or a "
7598 "filesystem is already mounted on I<put_old>."
7600 "I<new_root> または I<put_old> が、現在の root ファイルシステム上にあるか、既"
7601 "に I<put_old> になんらかのファイルシステムがマウントされている。"
7604 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:117
7605 msgid "I<put_old> is not underneath I<new_root>."
7606 msgstr "I<put_old> が I<new_root> の下層にない。"
7609 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:117
7615 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:120
7616 msgid "I<new_root> or I<put_old> is not a directory."
7617 msgstr "I<new_root> または I<put_old> がディレクトリでない。"
7620 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:125
7621 msgid "The calling process does not have the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability."
7622 msgstr "呼び出し元のプロセスが B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> ケーパビリティを持っていない。"
7625 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:128
7626 msgid "B<pivot_root>() was introduced in Linux 2.3.41."
7627 msgstr "B<pivot_root>() は Linux 2.3.41 で導入された。"
7630 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:131
7631 msgid "B<pivot_root>() is Linux-specific and hence is not portable."
7632 msgstr "B<pivot_root>() は Linux に固有のものなので、移植性はない。"
7635 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:138
7637 "B<pivot_root>() should not have to change root and current working "
7638 "directory of all other processes in the system."
7640 "B<pivot_root>() はシステムの他のプロセス全ての root と カレントワーキング"
7641 "ディレクトリとを変更しなくてもよいはずである。"
7644 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:143
7646 "Some of the more obscure uses of B<pivot_root>() may quickly lead to "
7649 "B<pivot_root>() の使い方がもうちょっと曖昧になると、 あっという間にわけのわ"
7653 #: build/C/man2/pivot_root.2:149
7654 msgid "B<chdir>(2), B<chroot>(2), B<stat>(2), B<initrd>(4), B<pivot_root>(8)"
7655 msgstr "B<chdir>(2), B<chroot>(2), B<stat>(2), B<initrd>(4), B<pivot_root>(8)"
7658 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29
7660 msgid "PROCESS_VM_READV"
7664 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:29
7670 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:32
7672 "process_vm_readv, process_vm_writev - transfer data between process address "
7675 "process_vm_readv, process_vm_writev - プロセスのアドレス空間間でデータを転送"
7679 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:35
7681 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
7682 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
7685 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:42
7688 "B<ssize_t process_vm_readv(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
7689 "B< const struct iovec *>I<local_iov>B<,>\n"
7690 "B< unsigned long >I<liovcnt>B<,>\n"
7691 "B< const struct iovec *>I<remote_iov>B<,>\n"
7692 "B< unsigned long >I<riovcnt>B<,>\n"
7693 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
7695 "B<ssize_t process_vm_readv(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
7696 "B< const struct iovec *>I<local_iov>B<,>\n"
7697 "B< unsigned long >I<liovcnt>B<,>\n"
7698 "B< const struct iovec *>I<remote_iov>B<,>\n"
7699 "B< unsigned long >I<riovcnt>B<,>\n"
7700 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
7703 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:49
7706 "B<ssize_t process_vm_writev(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
7707 "B< const struct iovec *>I<local_iov>B<,>\n"
7708 "B< unsigned long >I<liovcnt>B<,>\n"
7709 "B< const struct iovec *>I<remote_iov>B<,>\n"
7710 "B< unsigned long >I<riovcnt>B<,>\n"
7711 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
7713 "B<ssize_t process_vm_writev(pid_t >I<pid>B<,>\n"
7714 "B< const struct iovec *>I<local_iov>B<,>\n"
7715 "B< unsigned long >I<liovcnt>B<,>\n"
7716 "B< const struct iovec *>I<remote_iov>B<,>\n"
7717 "B< unsigned long >I<riovcnt>B<,>\n"
7718 "B< unsigned long >I<flags>B<);>\n"
7721 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:57
7723 "These system calls transfer data between the address space of the calling "
7724 "process (\"the local process\") and the process identified by I<pid> (\"the "
7725 "remote process\"). The data moves directly between the address spaces of "
7726 "the two processes, without passing through kernel space."
7730 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:82
7732 "The B<process_vm_readv>() system call transfers data from the remote "
7733 "process to the local process. The data to be transferred is identified by "
7734 "I<remote_iov> and I<riovcnt>: I<remote_iov> is a pointer to an array "
7735 "describing address ranges in the process I<pid>, and I<riovcnt> specifies "
7736 "the number of elements in I<remote_iov>. The data is transferred to the "
7737 "locations specified by I<local_iov> and I<liovcnt>: I<local_iov> is a "
7738 "pointer to an array describing address ranges in the calling process, and "
7739 "I<liovcnt> specifies the number of elements in I<local_iov>."
7743 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:96
7745 "The B<process_vm_writev>() system call is the converse of "
7746 "B<process_vm_readv>()\\(emit transfers data from the local process to the "
7747 "remote process. Other than the direction of the transfer, the arguments "
7748 "I<liovcnt>, I<local_iov>, I<riovcnt>, and I<remote_iov> have the same "
7749 "meaning as for B<process_vm_readv>()."
7753 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:106
7755 "The I<local_iov> and I<remote_iov> arguments point to an array of I<iovec> "
7756 "structures, defined in I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>> as:"
7758 "引き数 I<local_iov> と I<remote_iov> は I<iovec> 構造体の配列へのポイン\n"
7759 "タである。 I<iovec> 構造体は I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>> で以下のように定義\n"
7763 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:113
7767 " void *iov_base; /* Starting address */\n"
7768 " size_t iov_len; /* Number of bytes to transfer */\n"
7772 " void *iov_base; /* Starting address */\n"
7773 " size_t iov_len; /* Number of bytes to transfer */\n"
7777 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:129
7779 "Buffers are processed in array order. This means that B<process_vm_readv>"
7780 "() completely fills I<local_iov[0]> before proceeding to I<local_iov[1]>, "
7781 "and so on. Likewise, I<remote_iov[0]> is completely read before proceeding "
7782 "to I<remote_iov[1]>, and so on."
7784 "バッファは配列の順序で処理される。これは、 B<process_vm_readv>() が\n"
7785 "I<local_iov>[0] が完全に一杯になるまでデータを詰めてから、\n"
7786 "I<local_iov>[1] に進むといったことを意味する。同様に、\n"
7787 "I<remote_iov>[0] を完全に読み出してから I<remote_iov>[1] に進み、\n"
7791 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:140
7793 "Similarly, B<process_vm_writev>() writes out the entire contents of "
7794 "I<local_iov[0]> before proceeding to I<local_iov[1]>, and it completely "
7795 "fills I<remote_iov[0]> before proceeding to I<remote_iov[1]>."
7799 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:148
7801 "The lengths of I<remote_iov[i].iov_len> and I<local_iov[i].iov_len> do not "
7802 "have to be the same. Thus, it is possible to split a single local buffer "
7803 "into multiple remote buffers, or vice versa."
7807 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:152
7808 msgid "The I<flags> argument is currently unused and must be set to 0."
7809 msgstr "I<flags> 引き数は現在使用されておらず、 0 を設定しなければならない。"
7811 #. In time, glibc might provide a wrapper that works around this limit,
7812 #. as is done for readv()/writev()
7814 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:165
7816 "The values specified in the I<liovcnt> and I<riovcnt> arguments must be less "
7817 "than or equal to B<IOV_MAX> (defined in I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>> or accessible "
7818 "via the call I<sysconf(_SC_IOV_MAX)>)."
7822 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:175
7824 "The count arguments and I<local_iov> are checked before doing any "
7825 "transfers. If the counts are too big, or I<local_iov> is invalid, or the "
7826 "addresses refer to regions that are inaccessible to the local process, none "
7827 "of the vectors will be processed and an error will be returned immediately."
7831 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:195
7833 "Note, however, that these system calls do not check the memory regions in "
7834 "the remote process until just before doing the read/write. Consequently, a "
7835 "partial read/write (see RETURN VALUE) may result if one of the "
7836 "I<remote_iov> elements points to an invalid memory region in the remote "
7837 "process. No further reads/writes will be attempted beyond that point. Keep "
7838 "this in mind when attempting to read data of unknown length (such as C "
7839 "strings that are null-terminated) from a remote process, by avoiding "
7840 "spanning memory pages (typically 4KiB) in a single remote I<iovec> element. "
7841 "(Instead, split the remote read into two I<remote_iov> elements and have "
7842 "them merge back into a single write I<local_iov> entry. The first read "
7843 "entry goes up to the page boundary, while the second starts on the next page "
7848 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:209
7850 "In order to read from or write to another process, either the caller must "
7851 "have the capability B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>, or the real user ID, effective user "
7852 "ID, and saved set-user-ID of the remote process must match the real user ID "
7853 "of the caller I<and> the real group ID, effective group ID, and saved set-"
7854 "group-ID of the remote process must match the real group ID of the caller. "
7855 "(The permission required is exactly the same as that required to perform a "
7856 "B<ptrace>(2) B<PTRACE_ATTACH> on the remote process.)"
7860 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:225
7862 "On success, B<process_vm_readv>() returns the number of bytes read and "
7863 "B<process_vm_writev>() returns the number of bytes written. This return "
7864 "value may be less than the total number of requested bytes, if a partial "
7865 "read/write occurred. (Partial transfers apply at the granularity of "
7866 "I<iovec> elements. These system calls won't perform a partial transfer that "
7867 "splits a single I<iovec> element.) The caller should check the return value "
7868 "to determine whether a partial read/write occurred."
7872 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:229
7873 msgid "On error, -1 is returned and I<errno> is set appropriately."
7874 msgstr "エラーの場合は -1 が返され、 I<errno> が適切に設定される。"
7877 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:241
7879 "The sum of the I<iov_len> values of either I<local_iov> or I<remote_iov> "
7880 "overflows a I<ssize_t> value."
7884 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:245
7885 msgid "I<flags> is not 0."
7886 msgstr "I<flags> が 0 でない。"
7889 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:251
7890 msgid "I<liovcnt> or I<riovcnt> is too large."
7891 msgstr "I<liovcnt> か I<riovcnt> が大きすぎる。"
7894 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:256
7896 "The memory described by I<local_iov> is outside the caller's accessible "
7899 "I<local_iov> が示すメモリが呼び出し側がアクセス可能な\n"
7903 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:262
7905 "The memory described by I<remote_iov> is outside the accessible address "
7906 "space of the process I<pid>."
7910 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:267
7912 "Could not allocate memory for internal copies of the I<iovec> structures."
7916 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:271
7918 "The caller does not have permission to access the address space of the "
7921 "呼び出し側がプロセス I<pid> のアドレス空間に対するアクセス許可を\n"
7925 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:276
7926 msgid "No process with ID I<pid> exists."
7927 msgstr "ID が I<pid> のプロセスが存在しない。"
7930 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:279
7932 "These system calls were added in Linux 3.2. Support is provided in glibc "
7933 "since version 2.15."
7935 "これらのシステムコールは Linux 3.2 で追加された。ライブラリによる\n"
7936 "サポートは glibc バージョン 2.15 以降で提供されている。"
7939 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:281
7940 msgid "These system calls are nonstandard Linux extensions."
7941 msgstr "これらのシステムコールは非標準で Linux による拡張である。"
7944 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:287
7946 "The data transfers performed by B<process_vm_readv>() and "
7947 "B<process_vm_writev>() are not guaranteed to be atomic in any way."
7950 #. Original user is MPI, http://www.mcs.anl.gov/research/projects/mpi/
7951 #. See also some benchmarks at http://lwn.net/Articles/405284/
7952 #. and http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=130105930902915&w=2
7954 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:295
7956 "These system calls were designed to permit fast message passing by allowing "
7957 "messages to be exchanged with a single copy operation (rather than the "
7958 "double copy that would be required when using, for example, shared memory or "
7963 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:303
7965 "The following code sample demonstrates the use of B<process_vm_readv>(). It "
7966 "reads 20 bytes at the address 0x10000 from the process with PID 10 and "
7967 "writes the first 10 bytes into I<buf1> and the second 10 bytes into I<buf2>."
7971 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:306
7973 msgid "#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>\n"
7974 msgstr "#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>\n"
7977 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:316
7983 " struct iovec local[2];\n"
7984 " struct iovec remote[1];\n"
7988 " pid_t pid = 10; /* PID of remote process */\n"
7993 " struct iovec local[2];\n"
7994 " struct iovec remote[1];\n"
7998 " pid_t pid = 10; /* PID of remote process */\n"
8001 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:323
8004 " local[0].iov_base = buf1;\n"
8005 " local[0].iov_len = 10;\n"
8006 " local[1].iov_base = buf2;\n"
8007 " local[1].iov_len = 10;\n"
8008 " remote[0].iov_base = (void *) 0x10000;\n"
8009 " remote[1].iov_len = 20;\n"
8011 " local[0].iov_base = buf1;\n"
8012 " local[0].iov_len = 10;\n"
8013 " local[1].iov_base = buf2;\n"
8014 " local[1].iov_len = 10;\n"
8015 " remote[0].iov_base = (void *) 0x10000;\n"
8016 " remote[1].iov_len = 20;\n"
8019 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:330
8022 " nread = process_vm_readv(pid, local, 2, remote, 1, 0);\n"
8023 " if (nread != 20)\n"
8029 " nread = process_vm_readv(pid, local, 2, remote, 1, 0);\n"
8030 " if (nread != 20)\n"
8037 #: build/C/man2/process_vm_readv.2:334
8038 msgid "B<readv>(2), B<writev>(2)"
8039 msgstr "B<readv>(2), B<writev>(2)"
8042 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:44
8048 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:44
8050 #| msgid "2009-02-20"
8055 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:47
8056 msgid "ptrace - process trace"
8057 msgstr "ptrace - プロセスのトレース"
8060 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:50
8062 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/ptrace.hE<gt>>\n"
8063 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/ptrace.hE<gt>>\n"
8066 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:53
8069 "B<long ptrace(enum __ptrace_request >I<request>B<, pid_t >I<pid>B<, >\n"
8070 "B< void *>I<addr>B<, void *>I<data>B<);>\n"
8072 "B<long ptrace(enum __ptrace_request >I<request>B<, pid_t >I<pid>B<, >\n"
8073 "B< void *>I<addr>B<, void *>I<data>B<);>\n"
8076 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:62
8079 #| "The B<ptrace>() system call provides a means by which a parent process "
8080 #| "may observe and control the execution of another process, and examine and "
8081 #| "change its core image and registers. It is primarily used to implement "
8082 #| "breakpoint debugging and system call tracing."
8084 "The B<ptrace>() system call provides a means by which one process (the "
8085 "\"tracer\") may observe and control the execution of another process (the "
8086 "\"tracee\"), and examine and change the tracee's memory and registers. It "
8087 "is primarily used to implement breakpoint debugging and system call tracing."
8089 "B<ptrace>() システムコールは、親プロセスが、別のプロセスの実行の監視/制御を "
8090 "行ったり、コアイメージ (core image) やレジスタの調査/変更を 行ったりする手段"
8091 "を提供する。 B<ptrace>() は、主にブレークポイントによるデバッグやシステム"
8092 "コールのトレースを 実装するのに用いられる。"
8095 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:73
8097 "A tracee first needs to be attached to the tracer. Attachment and "
8098 "subsequent commands are per thread: in a multithreaded process, every thread "
8099 "can be individually attached to a (potentially different) tracer, or left "
8100 "not attached and thus not debugged. Therefore, \"tracee\" always means "
8101 "\"(one) thread\", never \"a (possibly multithreaded) process\". Ptrace "
8102 "commands are always sent to a specific tracee using a call of the form"
8106 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:75
8108 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_foo, pid, ...)\n"
8109 msgstr " ptrace(PTRACE_foo, pid, ...)\n"
8112 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:79
8113 msgid "where I<pid> is the thread ID of the corresponding Linux thread."
8114 msgstr "ここで I<pid> は対応する Linux スレッドのスレッド ID である。"
8117 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:85
8119 "(Note that in this page, a \"multithreaded process\" means a thread group "
8120 "consisting of threads created using the B<clone>(2) B<CLONE_THREAD> flag.)"
8124 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:96
8127 #| "The parent can initiate a trace by calling B<fork>(2) and having the "
8128 #| "resulting child do a B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, followed (typically) by an B<exec>"
8129 #| "(3). Alternatively, the parent may commence trace of an existing process "
8130 #| "using B<PTRACE_ATTACH>."
8132 "A process can initiate a trace by calling B<fork>(2) and having the "
8133 "resulting child do a B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, followed (typically) by an B<execve>"
8134 "(2). Alternatively, one process may commence tracing another process using "
8135 "B<PTRACE_ATTACH> or B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
8137 "トレースを開始するには、まず親プロセスで B<fork>(2) を呼び出す。生成された子"
8138 "プロセスで B<PTRACE_TRACEME> を行い、続いて (典型的には) B<exec>(3) を行な"
8139 "う。 別の方法としては、 親プロセスが既存のプロセスに対して B<PTRACE_ATTACH> "
8143 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:113
8146 #| "While being traced, the child will stop each time a signal is delivered, "
8147 #| "even if the signal is being ignored. (The exception is B<SIGKILL>, which "
8148 #| "has its usual effect.) The parent will be notified at its next B<wait>"
8149 #| "(2) and may inspect and modify the child process while it is stopped. "
8150 #| "The parent then causes the child to continue, optionally ignoring the "
8151 #| "delivered signal (or even delivering a different signal instead)."
8153 "While being traced, the tracee will stop each time a signal is delivered, "
8154 "even if the signal is being ignored. (An exception is B<SIGKILL>, which has "
8155 "its usual effect.) The tracer will be notified at its next call to "
8156 "B<waitpid>(2) (or one of the related \"wait\" system calls); that call will "
8157 "return a I<status> value containing information that indicates the cause of "
8158 "the stop in the tracee. While the tracee is stopped, the tracer can use "
8159 "various ptrace requests to inspect and modify the tracee. The tracer then "
8160 "causes the tracee to continue, optionally ignoring the delivered signal (or "
8161 "even delivering a different signal instead)."
8163 "トレースの実行中、子プロセスはシグナルが配送されるたびに、 たとえそのシグナル"
8164 "が無視すべきものであっても停止する (B<SIGKILL> は例外で、通常どおりの効果をも"
8165 "たらす)。 親プロセスには次の B<wait>(2) で通知され、停止している間に子プロセ"
8166 "スを調べたり修正したりすることができる。 そして親プロセスは子プロセスの実行を"
8167 "再開させるが、配送された シグナルを無視することもできる (あるいは代わりに別の"
8168 "シグナルを 配送することもできる) 。"
8171 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:123
8173 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is not in effect, all successful calls "
8174 "to B<execve>(2) by the traced process will cause it to be sent a B<SIGTRAP> "
8175 "signal, giving the parent a chance to gain control before the new program "
8180 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:127
8183 #| "When the parent is finished tracing, it can terminate the child with "
8184 #| "B<PTRACE_KILL> or cause it to continue executing in a normal, untraced "
8185 #| "mode via B<PTRACE_DETACH>."
8187 "When the tracer is finished tracing, it can cause the tracee to continue "
8188 "executing in a normal, untraced mode via B<PTRACE_DETACH>."
8190 "親プロセスがトレースを終了する際には、 B<PTRACE_KILL> を使用して子プロセスを"
8191 "終了させることもできるし、 B<PTRACE_DETACH> を用いて通常のトレースなしのモー"
8192 "ドにして、 実行を継続させることもできる。"
8195 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:131
8196 msgid "The value of I<request> determines the action to be performed:"
8197 msgstr "I<request> の値がこのシステムコールの動作を決定する:"
8200 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:131
8202 msgid "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>"
8203 msgstr "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>"
8206 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:141
8208 "Indicate that this process is to be traced by its parent. A process "
8209 "probably shouldn't make this request if its parent isn't expecting to trace "
8210 "it. (I<pid>, I<addr>, and I<data> are ignored.)"
8212 "このプロセスが親プロセスによってトレースされることを表す。親プロセスが自プロ"
8213 "セスをトレースするつもりがない場合には、 おそらくこのプロセスは本要求を行うべ"
8214 "きではないだろう。 (I<pid>, I<addr>, I<data> は無視される。)"
8217 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:156
8220 #| "The above request is used only by the child process; the rest are used "
8221 #| "only by the parent. In the following requests, I<pid> specifies the "
8222 #| "child process to be acted on. For requests other than B<PTRACE_KILL>, "
8223 #| "the child process must be stopped."
8225 "The B<PTRACE_TRACEME> request is used only by the tracee; the remaining "
8226 "requests are used only by the tracer. In the following requests, I<pid> "
8227 "specifies the thread ID of the tracee to be acted on. For requests other "
8228 "than B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE>, B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT>, and "
8229 "B<PTRACE_KILL>, the tracee must be stopped."
8231 "上記の要求は子プロセスだけが行なうものである。 残りは親プロセスだけが行なうも"
8232 "のである。 以下の要求では、I<pid> で操作の対象となる 子プロセスを指定する。 "
8233 "B<PTRACE_KILL> を除き、要求を行なうためには 子プロセスは停止していなければな"
8237 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:156
8239 msgid "B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT>, B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>"
8240 msgstr "B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT>, B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>"
8243 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:167
8246 #| "Reads a word at the location I<addr> in the child's memory, returning the "
8247 #| "word as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. Linux does not have "
8248 #| "separate text and data address spaces, so the two requests are currently "
8249 #| "equivalent. (The argument I<data> is ignored.)"
8251 "Read a word at the address I<addr> in the tracee's memory, returning the "
8252 "word as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. Linux does not have separate "
8253 "text and data address spaces, so these two requests are currently "
8254 "equivalent. (I<data> is ignored; but see NOTES.)"
8256 "子プロセスのメモリの I<addr> の位置から 1 ワードを読み出す。読み出したワード"
8257 "は B<ptrace>() の返り値として返される。 Linux ではテキスト (text) とデータ "
8258 "(data) で 同じアドレス空間を使用するため、この 2 つの要求は現在のところ 同じ"
8259 "ものである。 (引き数 I<data> は無視される。)"
8262 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:167
8264 msgid "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>"
8265 msgstr "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>"
8267 #. PTRACE_PEEKUSR in kernel source, but glibc uses PTRACE_PEEKUSER,
8268 #. and that is the name that seems common on other systems.
8270 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:185
8273 #| "Reads a word at offset I<addr> in the child's USER area, which holds the "
8274 #| "registers and other information about the process (see I<E<lt>sys/user."
8275 #| "hE<gt>>). The word is returned as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. "
8276 #| "Typically the offset must be word-aligned, though this might vary by "
8277 #| "architecture. See NOTES. (I<data> is ignored.)"
8279 "Read a word at offset I<addr> in the tracee's USER area, which holds the "
8280 "registers and other information about the process (see I<E<lt>sys/user."
8281 "hE<gt>>). The word is returned as the result of the B<ptrace>() call. "
8282 "Typically, the offset must be word-aligned, though this might vary by "
8283 "architecture. See NOTES. (I<data> is ignored; but see NOTES.)"
8285 "子プロセスの USER 領域のオフセット I<addr> の位置から 1 ワードを読み込む。"
8286 "USER 領域にはそのプロセスの レジスタ (registers) などの情報が保持されている "
8287 "(I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>> を参照)。読み込んだワードは B<ptrace>() コールの結"
8288 "果として返される。 たいていはオフセットはワード境界になければならないが、 "
8289 "アーキテクチャによってはその必要はない。 「注意」の節を参照。 (I<data> は無視"
8293 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:185
8295 msgid "B<PTRACE_POKETEXT>, B<PTRACE_POKEDATA>"
8296 msgstr "B<PTRACE_POKETEXT>, B<PTRACE_POKEDATA>"
8299 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:197
8302 #| "Copies the word I<data> to location I<addr> in the child's memory. As "
8303 #| "above, the two requests are currently equivalent."
8305 "Copy the word I<data> to the address I<addr> in the tracee's memory. As for "
8306 "B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT> and B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>, these two requests are currently "
8309 "ワード I<data> を子プロセスのメモリの I<addr> の位置へコピーする。上と同様"
8310 "に、現在のところ二つの 要求は同じものである。"
8313 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:197
8315 msgid "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>"
8316 msgstr "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>"
8318 #. PTRACE_POKEUSR in kernel source, but glibc uses PTRACE_POKEUSER,
8319 #. and that is the name that seems common on other systems.
8320 #. FIXME In the preceding sentence, which modifications are disallowed,
8321 #. and when they are disallowed, how does user space discover that fact?
8323 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:213
8326 #| "Copies the word I<data> to offset I<addr> in the child's USER area. As "
8327 #| "above, the offset must typically be word-aligned. In order to maintain "
8328 #| "the integrity of the kernel, some modifications to the USER area are "
8331 "Copy the word I<data> to offset I<addr> in the tracee's USER area. As for "
8332 "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER>, the offset must typically be word-aligned. In order to "
8333 "maintain the integrity of the kernel, some modifications to the USER area "
8336 "ワード I<data> を子プロセスの USER 領域のオフセット I<addr> の位置にコピーす"
8337 "る。 上と同様に、通常、オフセットはワード境界になければならない。 カーネルの"
8338 "完全性 (integrity) を維持するため、 変更内容によっては USER 領域の変更は禁止"
8342 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:213
8344 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETREGS>, B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS>"
8345 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETREGS>, B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS>"
8348 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:236
8351 #| "Copies the child's general purpose or floating-point registers, "
8352 #| "respectively, to location I<data> in the parent. See I<E<lt>sys/user."
8353 #| "hE<gt>> for information on the format of this data. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
8355 "Copy the tracee's general-purpose or floating-point registers, respectively, "
8356 "to the address I<data> in the tracer. See I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>> for "
8357 "information on the format of this data. (I<addr> is ignored.) Note that "
8358 "SPARC systems have the meaning of I<data> and I<addr> reversed; that is, "
8359 "I<data> is ignored and the registers are copied to the address I<addr>. "
8360 "B<PTRACE_GETREGS> and B<PTRACE_GETFPREGS> are not present on all "
8363 "それぞれ、子プロセスの汎用レジスタ、浮動小数点レジスタを親プロセスの I<data> "
8364 "の位置にコピーする。この data の書式に関しては I<E<lt>sys/user.hE<gt>> を参照"
8365 "すること。(I<addr> は無視される。)"
8368 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:236
8370 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
8371 msgstr " B<PTRACE_GETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
8374 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:257
8376 "Read the tracee's registers. I<addr> specifies, in an architecture-"
8377 "dependent way, the type of registers to be read. B<NT_PRSTATUS> (with "
8378 "numerical value 1) usually results in reading of general-purpose "
8379 "registers. If the CPU has, for example, floating-point and/or vector "
8380 "registers, they can be retrieved by setting I<addr> to the corresponding "
8381 "B<NT_foo> constant. I<data> points to a B<struct iovec>, which describes "
8382 "the destination buffer's location and length. On return, the kernel "
8383 "modifies B<iov.len> to indicate the actual number of bytes returned."
8387 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:257
8389 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETREGS>, B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS>"
8390 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETREGS>, B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS>"
8392 #. FIXME In the preceding sentence, which modifications are disallowed,
8393 #. and when they are disallowed, how does user space discover that fact?
8395 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:282
8398 #| "Copies the child's general purpose or floating-point registers, "
8399 #| "respectively, from location I<data> in the parent. As for "
8400 #| "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>, some general purpose register modifications may be "
8401 #| "disallowed. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
8403 "Modify the tracee's general-purpose or floating-point registers, "
8404 "respectively, from the address I<data> in the tracer. As for "
8405 "B<PTRACE_POKEUSER>, some general-purpose register modifications may be "
8406 "disallowed. (I<addr> is ignored.) Note that SPARC systems have the meaning "
8407 "of I<data> and I<addr> reversed; that is, I<data> is ignored and the "
8408 "registers are copied from the address I<addr>. B<PTRACE_SETREGS> and "
8409 "B<PTRACE_SETFPREGS> are not present on all architectures."
8411 "それぞれ、子プロセスの汎用レジスタ、浮動小数点レジスタに 親プロセスの "
8412 "I<date> の位置からコピーする。 B<PTRACE_POKEUSER> と同様に、汎用レジスタに"
8413 "よっては 変更が禁止されている場合がある。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
8416 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:282
8418 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
8419 msgstr " B<PTRACE_SETREGSET> (since Linux 2.6.34)"
8422 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:291
8424 "Modify the tracee's registers. The meaning of I<addr> and I<data> is "
8425 "analogous to B<PTRACE_GETREGSET>."
8429 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:291
8431 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)"
8432 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> (Linux 2.3.99-pre6 以降)"
8435 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:303
8438 #| "Retrieve information about the signal that caused the stop. Copies a "
8439 #| "I<siginfo_t> structure (see B<sigaction>(2)) from the child to location "
8440 #| "I<data> in the parent. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
8442 "Retrieve information about the signal that caused the stop. Copy a "
8443 "I<siginfo_t> structure (see B<sigaction>(2)) from the tracee to the address "
8444 "I<data> in the tracer. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
8446 "停止の原因となったシグナルに関する情報を取得する。 I<siginfo_t> 構造体 "
8447 "(B<sigaction>(2) 参照) を子プロセスから親プロセスの I<data> の位置にコピーす"
8448 "る。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
8451 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:303
8453 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)"
8454 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> (Linux 2.3.99-pre6 以降)"
8457 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:319
8460 #| "Set signal information. Copies a I<siginfo_t> structure from location "
8461 #| "I<data> in the parent to the child. This will only affect signals that "
8462 #| "would normally be delivered to the child and were caught by the tracer. "
8463 #| "It may be difficult to tell these normal signals from synthetic signals "
8464 #| "generated by B<ptrace>() itself. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
8466 "Set signal information: copy a I<siginfo_t> structure from the address "
8467 "I<data> in the tracer to the tracee. This will affect only signals that "
8468 "would normally be delivered to the tracee and were caught by the tracer. It "
8469 "may be difficult to tell these normal signals from synthetic signals "
8470 "generated by B<ptrace>() itself. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
8472 "シグナル情報を設定する。 I<siginfo_t> 構造体を親プロセスのデータ I<data> の位"
8473 "置から 子プロセスにコピーする。 この処理を行うことができるのは、子プロセスに"
8474 "通常は配送されるはずで トレーサに捕捉されたシグナルについてだけである。 これ"
8475 "らの通常のシグナルと B<ptrace>() 自身が発生するシグナルを見分けるのは難しい"
8476 "かもしれない。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
8479 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:319
8481 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)"
8482 msgid "B<PTRACE_PEEKSIGINFO> (since Linux 3.10)"
8483 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> (Linux 2.3.99-pre6 以降)"
8485 #. commit 84c751bd4aebbaae995fe32279d3dba48327bad4
8487 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:345
8489 "Retrieve I<siginfo_t> structures without removing signals from a queue. "
8490 "I<addr> points to a I<ptrace_peeksiginfo_args> structure that specifies the "
8491 "ordinal position from which copying of signals should start, and the number "
8492 "of signals to copy. I<siginfo_t> structures are copied into the buffer "
8493 "pointed to by I<data>. The return value contains the number of copied "
8494 "signals (zero indicates that there is no signal corresponding to the "
8495 "specified ordinal position). Within the returned I<siginfo> structures, the "
8496 "I<si_code> field includes information (B<__SI_CHLD>, B<__SI_FAULT>, etc.) "
8497 "that are not otherwise exposed to user space."
8501 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:354
8504 "struct ptrace_peeksiginfo_args {\n"
8505 " u64 off; /* Ordinal position in queue at which\n"
8506 " to start copying signals */\n"
8507 " u32 flags; /* PTRACE_PEEKSIGINFO_SHARED or 0 */\n"
8508 " s32 nr; /* Number of signals to copy */\n"
8513 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:361
8515 "Currently, there is only one flag, B<PTRACE_PEEKSIGINFO_SHARED>, for dumping "
8516 "signals from the process-wide signal queue. If this flag is not set, "
8517 "signals are read from the per-thread queue of the specified thread."
8521 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:363
8523 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_SEIZE> (since Linux 3.4)"
8524 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETSIGMASK> (since Linux 3.11)"
8525 msgstr " B<PTRACE_SEIZE> (since Linux 3.4)"
8527 #. commit 29000caecbe87b6b66f144f72111f0d02fbbf0c1
8529 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:378
8531 "Place a copy of the mask of blocked signals (see B<sigprocmask>(2)) in the "
8532 "buffer pointed to by I<data>, which should be a pointer to a buffer of type "
8533 "I<sigset_t>. The I<addr> argument contains the size of the buffer pointed "
8534 "to by I<data> (i.e., I<sizeof(sigset_t)>)."
8538 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:378
8540 #| msgid "B<PTRACE_SEIZE> (since Linux 3.4)"
8541 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETSIGMASK> (since Linux 3.11)"
8542 msgstr " B<PTRACE_SEIZE> (since Linux 3.4)"
8545 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:392
8547 "Change the mask of blocked signals (see B<sigprocmask>(2)) to the value "
8548 "specified in the buffer pointed to by I<data>, which should be a pointer to "
8549 "a buffer of type I<sigset_t>. The I<addr> argument contains the size of the "
8550 "buffer pointed to by I<data> (i.e., I<sizeof(sigset_t)>)."
8554 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:392
8556 msgid "B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> (since Linux 2.4.6; see BUGS for caveats)"
8557 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> (Linux 2.4.6 以降; バグの章にある警告も参照)"
8560 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:401
8562 "Set ptrace options from I<data>. (I<addr> is ignored.) I<data> is "
8563 "interpreted as a bit mask of options, which are specified by the following "
8566 "I<data> に基づいて ptrace のオプションを設定する (I<addr> は無視される)。 "
8567 "I<data> はオプションのビットマスクとして解釈され、 オプションには以下のフラグ"
8571 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:402
8573 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_EXITKILL> (since Linux 3.8)"
8574 msgstr " B<PTRACE_O_EXITKILL> (since Linux 3.8)"
8576 #. commit 992fb6e170639b0849bace8e49bf31bd37c4123
8578 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:410
8580 "If a tracer sets this flag, a B<SIGKILL> signal will be sent to every tracee "
8581 "if the tracer exits. This option is useful for ptrace jailers that want to "
8582 "ensure that tracees can never escape the tracer's control."
8586 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:410
8588 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
8589 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
8592 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:427
8595 #| "Stop the child at the next B<fork>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
8596 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
8597 #| "newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
8598 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
8600 "Stop the tracee at the next B<clone>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
8601 "newly cloned process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>, or "
8602 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> if B<PTRACE_SEIZE> was used. A B<waitpid>(2) by the "
8603 "tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
8605 "次の B<fork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
8606 "8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに fork されたプロセスのトレースを自動"
8607 "的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でそのプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセスの "
8608 "PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
8611 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:430
8613 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_CLONEE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
8614 msgstr " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_CLONEE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
8617 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:434 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:520
8618 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:553
8619 msgid "The PID of the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
8620 msgstr "新規のプロセスの PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
8623 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:455
8626 #| "Stop the child at the next B<clone>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
8627 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
8628 #| "newly cloned process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
8629 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>. This option "
8630 #| "may not catch B<clone>(2) calls in all cases. If the child calls "
8631 #| "B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> will be "
8632 #| "delivered instead if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> is set; otherwise if the "
8633 #| "child calls B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set to B<SIGCHLD>, "
8634 #| "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK> will be delivered if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> is set."
8636 "This option may not catch B<clone>(2) calls in all cases. If the tracee "
8637 "calls B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> will "
8638 "be delivered instead if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> is set; otherwise if the "
8639 "tracee calls B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set to B<SIGCHLD>, "
8640 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK> will be delivered if B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> is set."
8642 "次の B<clone>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE\\ E<lt>E<lt> "
8643 "\\8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに clone で作成されたプロセスのト"
8644 "レースを自動的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセ"
8645 "スの PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。 このオプションで全ての "
8646 "B<clone>(2) コールを捕まえられるわけではない。 子プロセスが B<CLONE_VFORK> "
8647 "フラグ付きで B<clone>(2) を呼び出した場合、 B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> が設定さ"
8648 "れていれば代わりに B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> が配送される。 また、子プロセスが終"
8649 "了シグナルを B<SIGCHLD> に設定して B<clone>(2) を呼び出した場合は、 "
8650 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> が設定されていれば B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK> が配送される。"
8653 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:455
8655 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
8656 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
8659 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:464
8661 "Stop the tracee at the next B<execve>(2). A B<waitpid>(2) by the tracer "
8662 "will return a I<status> value such that"
8666 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:467
8668 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXECE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
8669 msgstr " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXECE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
8672 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:473
8674 "If the execing thread is not a thread group leader, the thread ID is reset "
8675 "to thread group leader's ID before this stop. Since Linux 3.0, the former "
8676 "thread ID can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
8680 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:473
8682 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
8683 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> (Linux 2.5.60 以降)"
8686 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:481
8688 "Stop the tracee at exit. A B<waitpid>(2) by the tracer will return a "
8689 "I<status> value such that"
8693 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:484
8695 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXITE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
8696 msgstr " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_EXITE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
8699 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:488
8700 msgid "The tracee's exit status can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
8704 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:496
8707 #| "Stop the child at exit with I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
8708 #| "8>. The child's exit status can be retrieved with "
8709 #| "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>. This stop will be done early during process exit "
8710 #| "when registers are still available, allowing the tracer to see where the "
8711 #| "exit occurred, whereas the normal exit notification is done after the "
8712 #| "process is finished exiting. Even though context is available, the "
8713 #| "tracer cannot prevent the exit from happening at this point."
8715 "The tracee is stopped early during process exit, when registers are still "
8716 "available, allowing the tracer to see where the exit occurred, whereas the "
8717 "normal exit notification is done after the process is finished exiting. "
8718 "Even though context is available, the tracer cannot prevent the exit from "
8719 "happening at this point."
8721 "終了 (exit) 時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> で子プロセス"
8722 "の動作を停止させる。子プロセスの終了ステータスは B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得"
8723 "できる。 この停止はレジスタがまだ参照可能であるプロセス終了処理の初期に行わ"
8724 "れ、 トレーサはどこで終了が発生したかを知ることができる。 通常の終了通知 "
8725 "(exit notification) はプロセスの終了処理が完了した後に 行われる。コンテキスト"
8726 "を参照することはできるにも関わらず、 トレーサはこの時点から終了を止めることは"
8730 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:496
8732 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
8733 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
8736 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:513
8739 #| "Stop the child at the next B<fork>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
8740 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
8741 #| "newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
8742 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
8744 "Stop the tracee at the next B<fork>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
8745 "newly forked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>, or "
8746 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> if B<PTRACE_SEIZE> was used. A B<waitpid>(2) by the "
8747 "tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
8749 "次の B<fork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
8750 "8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに fork されたプロセスのトレースを自動"
8751 "的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でそのプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセスの "
8752 "PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
8755 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:516
8757 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_FORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
8758 msgstr " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_FORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
8761 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:520
8763 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> (since Linux 2.4.6)"
8764 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> (Linux 2.4.6 以降)"
8767 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:529
8770 #| "When delivering syscall traps, set bit 7 in the signal number (i.e., "
8771 #| "deliver I<SIGTRAP | 0x80>). This makes it easy for the tracer to tell "
8772 #| "the difference between normal traps and those caused by a syscall. "
8773 #| "(B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> may not work on all architectures.)"
8775 "When delivering system call traps, set bit 7 in the signal number (i.e., "
8776 "deliver I<SIGTRAP|0x80>). This makes it easy for the tracer to distinguish "
8777 "normal traps from those caused by a system call. (B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> "
8778 "may not work on all architectures.)"
8780 "システムコールのトラップが配送されたときに、シグナル番号のビット 7 を設定す"
8781 "る (すなわち、I<SIGTRAP | 0x80> を配送する)。 これにより、トレーサが通常のト"
8782 "ラップとシステムコールによるトラップを 区別しやすくなる。 "
8783 "(B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> はどのアーキテクチャでも動作しない可能性がある。)"
8786 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:529
8788 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
8789 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
8792 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:546
8795 #| "Stop the child at the next B<vfork>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
8796 #| "PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> and automatically start tracing the "
8797 #| "newly vforked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>. The PID for "
8798 #| "the new process can be retrieved with B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
8800 "Stop the tracee at the next B<vfork>(2) and automatically start tracing the "
8801 "newly vforked process, which will start with a B<SIGSTOP>, or "
8802 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> if B<PTRACE_SEIZE> was used. A B<waitpid>(2) by the "
8803 "tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
8805 "次の B<vfork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ "
8806 "8> で 子プロセスの動作を停止させ、 新たに vfork されたプロセスのトレースを自"
8807 "動的に開始し、 B<SIGSTOP> でそのプロセスの実行を開始する。 新しいプロセスの "
8808 "PID は B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> で取得できる。"
8811 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:549
8813 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
8814 msgstr " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORKE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
8817 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:553
8819 msgid "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (since Linux 2.5.60)"
8820 msgstr "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE> (Linux 2.5.60 以降)"
8823 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:562
8825 "Stop the tracee at the completion of the next B<vfork>(2). A B<waitpid>(2) "
8826 "by the tracer will return a I<status> value such that"
8830 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:565
8832 msgid " statusE<gt>E<gt>8 == (SIGTRAP | (PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONEE<lt>E<lt>8))\n"
8836 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:569
8838 "The PID of the new process can (since Linux 2.6.18) be retrieved with "
8839 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG>."
8843 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:570
8845 msgid "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (since Linux 2.5.46)"
8846 msgstr "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> (Linux 2.5.46 以降)"
8849 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:590
8852 #| "Retrieve a message (as an I<unsigned long>) about the ptrace event that "
8853 #| "just happened, placing it in the location I<data> in the parent. For "
8854 #| "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> this is the child's exit status. For "
8855 #| "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK> and B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE> "
8856 #| "this is the PID of the new process. Since Linux 2.6.18, the PID of the "
8857 #| "new process is also available for B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>. (I<addr> "
8860 "Retrieve a message (as an I<unsigned long>) about the ptrace event that "
8861 "just happened, placing it at the address I<data> in the tracer. For "
8862 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>, this is the tracee's exit status. For "
8863 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>, and "
8864 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>, this is the PID of the new process. (I<addr> is "
8867 "発生したばかりの ptrace イベントに関するメッセージを (I<unsigned long> 型で) "
8868 "取得する。 取得したメッセージは親プロセスの I<data> の位置に格納される。 得ら"
8869 "れる内容は、 B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> の場合は子プロセスの終了ステータスであり、 "
8870 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>, B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE> の場合は新"
8871 "しいプロセスの PID である。 Linux 2.6.18 以降では、新しいプロセスの PID は "
8872 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE> で入手できる。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
8875 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:590
8877 msgid "B<PTRACE_CONT>"
8878 msgstr "B<PTRACE_CONT>"
8881 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:602
8884 #| "Restarts the stopped child process. If I<data> is nonzero and not "
8885 #| "B<SIGSTOP>, it is interpreted as a signal to be delivered to the child; "
8886 #| "otherwise, no signal is delivered. Thus, for example, the parent can "
8887 #| "control whether a signal sent to the child is delivered or not. (I<addr> "
8890 "Restart the stopped tracee process. If I<data> is nonzero, it is "
8891 "interpreted as the number of a signal to be delivered to the tracee; "
8892 "otherwise, no signal is delivered. Thus, for example, the tracer can "
8893 "control whether a signal sent to the tracee is delivered or not. (I<addr> "
8896 "停止した子プロセスの実行を再開させる。 I<data> がゼロでなく、 B<SIGSTOP> でも"
8897 "なければ、 子プロセスに配送されるシグナルと解釈される。 ゼロや B<SIGSTOP> の"
8898 "場合はシグナルは配送されない。 これを使うと、例えば、親プロセスは 子プロセス"
8899 "に送られたシグナルを実際に配送するかどうかを 制御することができる。(I<addr> "
8903 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:602
8905 msgid "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>"
8906 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>"
8909 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:626
8912 #| "Restarts the stopped child as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but arranges for the "
8913 #| "child to be stopped at the next entry to or exit from a system call, or "
8914 #| "after execution of a single instruction, respectively. (The child will "
8915 #| "also, as usual, be stopped upon receipt of a signal.) From the parent's "
8916 #| "perspective, the child will appear to have been stopped by receipt of a "
8917 #| "B<SIGTRAP>. So, for B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, for example, the idea is to "
8918 #| "inspect the arguments to the system call at the first stop, then do "
8919 #| "another B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> and inspect the return value of the system call "
8920 #| "at the second stop. The I<data> argument is treated as for "
8921 #| "B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
8923 "Restart the stopped tracee as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but arrange for the tracee "
8924 "to be stopped at the next entry to or exit from a system call, or after "
8925 "execution of a single instruction, respectively. (The tracee will also, as "
8926 "usual, be stopped upon receipt of a signal.) From the tracer's perspective, "
8927 "the tracee will appear to have been stopped by receipt of a B<SIGTRAP>. So, "
8928 "for B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, for example, the idea is to inspect the arguments to "
8929 "the system call at the first stop, then do another B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> and "
8930 "inspect the return value of the system call at the second stop. The I<data> "
8931 "argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
8933 "B<PTRACE_CONT> と同様に停止した子プロセスを再開する。ただし、 "
8934 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> の場合は子プロセスが 次にシステムコールに入るかシステムコー"
8935 "ルから抜けるかする時に、 B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP> の場合は 1 命令 (instruction) "
8936 "実行した後に停止させる (通常どおり、子プロセスはシグナルを受け取った場合にも"
8937 "停止する)。 親プロセスから見ると、子プロセスは B<SIGTRAP> を受信して停止した"
8938 "ように見える。そのため、例えば B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> を使うと、1回目の停止で引き"
8939 "数を調べて B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> を実行し、 2回目の停止でシステムコールの返り値を"
8940 "調べる、 というようなことができる。 引き数 I<data> は B<PTRACE_CONT> の場合と"
8941 "同じ様に解釈される。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
8944 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:626
8946 msgid "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP> (since Linux 2.6.14)"
8947 msgstr "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP> (Linux 2.6.14 以降)"
8951 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:647
8954 #| "For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, continue and stop on entry to the next syscall, "
8955 #| "which will not be executed. For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>, do the same "
8956 #| "but also singlestep if not a syscall. This call is used by programs like "
8957 #| "User Mode Linux that want to emulate all the child's system calls. The "
8958 #| "I<data> argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. (I<addr> is ignored; "
8959 #| "not supported on all architectures.)"
8961 "For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, continue and stop on entry to the next system call, "
8962 "which will not be executed. For B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>, do the same "
8963 "but also singlestep if not a system call. This call is used by programs "
8964 "like User Mode Linux that want to emulate all the tracee's system calls. "
8965 "The I<data> argument is treated as for B<PTRACE_CONT>. The I<addr> argument "
8966 "is ignored. These requests are currently supported only on x86."
8968 "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU> は、実行を再開し、次のシステムコールに入る時に停止させる。 "
8969 "システムコールは実行されない。 B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP> も同様だが、システ"
8970 "ムコールでない場合には 1 命令 (singlestep) だけ実行した時点でも停止させる。 "
8971 "このコールは User Mode Linux のように子プロセスのシステムコールを全て エミュ"
8972 "レートしようとするプログラムで使用される。 引き数 I<data> は B<PTRACE_CONT> "
8973 "の場合と同じ様に解釈される。 (I<addr> は無視される。 全てのアーキテクチャでサ"
8977 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:647
8979 msgid "B<PTRACE_LISTEN> (since Linux 3.4)"
8980 msgstr " B<PTRACE_LISTEN> (since Linux 3.4)"
8983 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:658
8985 "Restart the stopped tracee, but prevent it from executing. The resulting "
8986 "state of the tracee is similar to a process which has been stopped by a "
8987 "B<SIGSTOP> (or other stopping signal). See the \"group-stop\" subsection "
8988 "for additional information. B<PTRACE_LISTEN> works only on tracees attached "
8989 "by B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
8993 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:658
8995 msgid "B<PTRACE_KILL>"
8996 msgstr "B<PTRACE_KILL>"
8999 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:667
9002 #| "Sends the child a B<SIGKILL> to terminate it. (I<addr> and I<data> are "
9005 "Send the tracee a B<SIGKILL> to terminate it. (I<addr> and I<data> are "
9008 "子プロセスに B<SIGKILL> を送り終了させる。(I<addr> と I<data> は無視される。)"
9010 #. [Note from Denys Vlasenko:
9011 #. deprecation suggested by Oleg Nesterov. He prefers to deprecate it
9012 #. instead of describing (and needing to support) PTRACE_KILL's quirks.]
9014 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:686
9016 "I<This operation is deprecated; do not use it!> Instead, send a B<SIGKILL> "
9017 "directly using B<kill>(2) or B<tgkill>(2). The problem with B<PTRACE_KILL> "
9018 "is that it requires the tracee to be in signal-delivery-stop, otherwise it "
9019 "may not work (i.e., may complete successfully but won't kill the tracee). "
9020 "By contrast, sending a B<SIGKILL> directly has no such limitation."
9024 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:686
9026 msgid "B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> (since Linux 3.4)"
9027 msgstr " B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> (since Linux 3.4)"
9030 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:714
9032 "Stop a tracee. If the tracee is running or sleeping in kernel space and "
9033 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL> is in effect, the system call is interrupted and syscall-"
9034 "exit-stop is reported. (The interrupted system call is restarted when the "
9035 "tracee is restarted.) If the tracee was already stopped by a signal and "
9036 "B<PTRACE_LISTEN> was sent to it, the tracee stops with B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> "
9037 "and I<WSTOPSIG(status)> returns the stop signal. If any other ptrace-stop "
9038 "is generated at the same time (for example, if a signal is sent to the "
9039 "tracee), this ptrace-stop happens. If none of the above applies (for "
9040 "example, if the tracee is running in user space), it stops with "
9041 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> with I<WSTOPSIG(status)> == B<SIGTRAP>. "
9042 "B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> only works on tracees attached by B<PTRACE_SEIZE>."
9046 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:714
9048 msgid "B<PTRACE_ATTACH>"
9049 msgstr "B<PTRACE_ATTACH>"
9051 #. No longer true (removed by Denys Vlasenko, 2011, who remarks:
9052 #. "I think it isn't true in non-ancient 2.4 and in 2.6/3.x.
9053 #. Basically, it's not true for any Linux in practical use.
9054 #. ; the behavior of the tracee is as if it had done a
9055 #. .BR PTRACE_TRACEME .
9056 #. The calling process actually becomes the parent of the tracee
9057 #. process for most purposes (e.g., it will receive
9058 #. notification of tracee events and appears in
9060 #. output as the tracee's parent), but a
9062 #. by the tracee will still return the PID of the original parent.
9064 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:742
9066 "Attach to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a tracee of the calling "
9067 "process. The tracee is sent a B<SIGSTOP>, but will not necessarily have "
9068 "stopped by the completion of this call; use B<waitpid>(2) to wait for the "
9069 "tracee to stop. See the \"Attaching and detaching\" subsection for "
9070 "additional information. (I<addr> and I<data> are ignored.)"
9074 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:742
9076 msgid "B<PTRACE_SEIZE> (since Linux 3.4)"
9077 msgstr " B<PTRACE_SEIZE> (since Linux 3.4)"
9080 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:762
9082 "Attach to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a tracee of the calling "
9083 "process. Unlike B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE> does not stop the "
9084 "process. Only a B<PTRACE_SEIZE>d process can accept B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> and "
9085 "B<PTRACE_LISTEN> commands. I<addr> must be zero. I<data> contains a bit "
9086 "mask of ptrace options to activate immediately."
9090 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:762
9092 msgid "B<PTRACE_DETACH>"
9093 msgstr "B<PTRACE_DETACH>"
9096 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:771
9099 #| "Restarts the stopped child as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but first detaches from "
9100 #| "the process, undoing the reparenting effect of B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, and the "
9101 #| "effects of B<PTRACE_TRACEME>. Although perhaps not intended, under Linux "
9102 #| "a traced child can be detached in this way regardless of which method was "
9103 #| "used to initiate tracing. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
9105 "Restart the stopped tracee as for B<PTRACE_CONT>, but first detach from it. "
9106 "Under Linux, a tracee can be detached in this way regardless of which method "
9107 "was used to initiate tracing. (I<addr> is ignored.)"
9109 "B<PTRACE_CONT> と同様に停止した子プロセスを再開する。ただし まずそのプロセス"
9110 "からの分離 (detach) を行い、 B<PTRACE_ATTACH> での親の切り換えによる効果と "
9111 "B<PTRACE_TRACEME> の効果を取り消す。意図したものではないだろうが、 Linux で"
9112 "は、トレースされている子プロセスはどのような方法でトレースを 開始されたとして"
9113 "も、この方法で分離 (detach) することができる。 (I<addr> は無視される。)"
9116 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:771
9118 msgid "Death under ptrace"
9122 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:780
9124 "When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives a killing signal (one whose "
9125 "disposition is set to B<SIG_DFL> and whose default action is to kill the "
9126 "process), all threads exit. Tracees report their death to their tracer(s). "
9127 "Notification of this event is delivered via B<waitpid>(2)."
9131 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:789
9133 "Note that the killing signal will first cause signal-delivery-stop (on one "
9134 "tracee only), and only after it is injected by the tracer (or after it was "
9135 "dispatched to a thread which isn't traced), will death from the signal "
9136 "happen on I<all> tracees within a multithreaded process. (The term \"signal-"
9137 "delivery-stop\" is explained below.)"
9141 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:801
9143 "B<SIGKILL> does not generate signal-delivery-stop and therefore the tracer "
9144 "can't suppress it. B<SIGKILL> kills even within system calls (syscall-exit-"
9145 "stop is not generated prior to death by B<SIGKILL>). The net effect is that "
9146 "B<SIGKILL> always kills the process (all its threads), even if some threads "
9147 "of the process are ptraced."
9151 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:806
9153 "When the tracee calls B<_exit>(2), it reports its death to its tracer. "
9154 "Other threads are not affected."
9158 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:810
9160 "When any thread executes B<exit_group>(2), every tracee in its thread group "
9161 "reports its death to its tracer."
9165 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:824
9167 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> option is on, B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> will happen "
9168 "before actual death. This applies to exits via B<exit>(2), B<exit_group>"
9169 "(2), and signal deaths (except B<SIGKILL>), and when threads are torn down "
9170 "on B<execve>(2) in a multithreaded process."
9174 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:849
9176 "The tracer cannot assume that the ptrace-stopped tracee exists. There are "
9177 "many scenarios when the tracee may die while stopped (such as B<SIGKILL>). "
9178 "Therefore, the tracer must be prepared to handle an B<ESRCH> error on any "
9179 "ptrace operation. Unfortunately, the same error is returned if the tracee "
9180 "exists but is not ptrace-stopped (for commands which require a stopped "
9181 "tracee), or if it is not traced by the process which issued the ptrace "
9182 "call. The tracer needs to keep track of the stopped/running state of the "
9183 "tracee, and interpret B<ESRCH> as \"tracee died unexpectedly\" only if it "
9184 "knows that the tracee has been observed to enter ptrace-stop. Note that "
9185 "there is no guarantee that I<waitpid(WNOHANG)> will reliably report the "
9186 "tracee's death status if a ptrace operation returned B<ESRCH>. I<waitpid"
9187 "(WNOHANG)> may return 0 instead. In other words, the tracee may be \"not "
9188 "yet fully dead\", but already refusing ptrace requests."
9192 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:863
9194 "The tracer can't assume that the tracee I<always> ends its life by reporting "
9195 "I<WIFEXITED(status)> or I<WIFSIGNALED(status)>; there are cases where this "
9196 "does not occur. For example, if a thread other than thread group leader "
9197 "does an B<execve>(2), it disappears; its PID will never be seen again, and "
9198 "any subsequent ptrace stops will be reported under the thread group leader's "
9203 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:863
9205 msgid "Stopped states"
9209 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:885
9211 "A tracee can be in two states: running or stopped. For the purposes of "
9212 "ptrace, a tracee which is blocked in a system call (such as B<read>(2), "
9213 "B<pause>(2), etc.) is nevertheless considered to be running, even if the "
9214 "tracee is blocked for a long time. The state of the tracee after "
9215 "B<PTRACE_LISTEN> is somewhat of a gray area: it is not in any ptrace-stop "
9216 "(ptrace commands won't work on it, and it will deliver B<waitpid>(2) "
9217 "notifications), but it also may be considered \"stopped\" because it is not "
9218 "executing instructions (is not scheduled), and if it was in group-stop "
9219 "before B<PTRACE_LISTEN>, it will not respond to signals until B<SIGCONT> is "
9224 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:889
9226 "There are many kinds of states when the tracee is stopped, and in ptrace "
9227 "discussions they are often conflated. Therefore, it is important to use "
9232 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:900
9234 "In this manual page, any stopped state in which the tracee is ready to "
9235 "accept ptrace commands from the tracer is called I<ptrace-stop>. Ptrace-"
9236 "stops can be further subdivided into I<signal-delivery-stop>, I<group-stop>, "
9237 "I<syscall-stop>, and so on. These stopped states are described in detail "
9242 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:905
9244 "When the running tracee enters ptrace-stop, it notifies its tracer using "
9245 "B<waitpid>(2) (or one of the other \"wait\" system calls). Most of this "
9246 "manual page assumes that the tracer waits with:"
9250 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:907
9252 msgid " pid = waitpid(pid_or_minus_1, &status, __WALL);\n"
9256 #. Do we require __WALL usage, or will just using 0 be ok? (With 0,
9257 #. I am not 100% sure there aren't ugly corner cases.) Are the
9258 #. rules different if user wants to use waitid? Will waitid require
9261 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:919
9263 "Ptrace-stopped tracees are reported as returns with I<pid> greater than 0 "
9264 "and I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true."
9268 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:927
9270 "The B<__WALL> flag does not include the B<WSTOPPED> and B<WEXITED> flags, "
9271 "but implies their functionality."
9275 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:934
9277 "Setting the B<WCONTINUED> flag when calling B<waitpid>(2) is not "
9278 "recommended: the \"continued\" state is per-process and consuming it can "
9279 "confuse the real parent of the tracee."
9283 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:942
9285 "Use of the B<WNOHANG> flag may cause B<waitpid>(2) to return 0 (\"no wait "
9286 "results available yet\") even if the tracer knows there should be a "
9287 "notification. Example:"
9291 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:951
9295 " ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, pid, 0L, 0L);\n"
9296 " if (errno == ESRCH) {\n"
9297 " /* tracee is dead */\n"
9298 " r = waitpid(tracee, &status, __WALL | WNOHANG);\n"
9299 " /* r can still be 0 here! */\n"
9304 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:974
9306 "The following kinds of ptrace-stops exist: signal-delivery-stops, group-"
9307 "stops, B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops, syscall-stops. They all are reported by "
9308 "B<waitpid>(2) with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true. They may be differentiated "
9309 "by examining the value I<statusE<gt>E<gt>8>, and if there is ambiguity in "
9310 "that value, by querying B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO>. (Note: the I<WSTOPSIG(status)"
9311 "> macro can't be used to perform this examination, because it returns the "
9312 "value I<(statusE<gt>E<gt>8)\\ &\\ 0xff>.)"
9316 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:974
9318 msgid "Signal-delivery-stop"
9322 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:994
9324 "When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives any signal except "
9325 "B<SIGKILL>, the kernel selects an arbitrary thread which handles the "
9326 "signal. (If the signal is generated with B<tgkill>(2), the target thread "
9327 "can be explicitly selected by the caller.) If the selected thread is "
9328 "traced, it enters signal-delivery-stop. At this point, the signal is not "
9329 "yet delivered to the process, and can be suppressed by the tracer. If the "
9330 "tracer doesn't suppress the signal, it passes the signal to the tracee in "
9331 "the next ptrace restart request. This second step of signal delivery is "
9332 "called I<signal injection> in this manual page. Note that if the signal is "
9333 "blocked, signal-delivery-stop doesn't happen until the signal is unblocked, "
9334 "with the usual exception that B<SIGSTOP> can't be blocked."
9338 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1008
9340 "Signal-delivery-stop is observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning "
9341 "with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, with the signal returned by I<WSTOPSIG"
9342 "(status)>. If the signal is B<SIGTRAP>, this may be a different kind of "
9343 "ptrace-stop; see the \"Syscall-stops\" and \"execve\" sections below for "
9344 "details. If I<WSTOPSIG(status)> returns a stopping signal, this may be a "
9345 "group-stop; see below."
9349 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1008
9351 msgid "Signal injection and suppression"
9355 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1011
9357 "After signal-delivery-stop is observed by the tracer, the tracer should "
9358 "restart the tracee with the call"
9362 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1013
9364 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_restart, pid, 0, sig)\n"
9368 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1026
9370 "where B<PTRACE_restart> is one of the restarting ptrace requests. If I<sig> "
9371 "is 0, then a signal is not delivered. Otherwise, the signal I<sig> is "
9372 "delivered. This operation is called I<signal injection> in this manual "
9373 "page, to distinguish it from signal-delivery-stop."
9377 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1032
9379 "The I<sig> value may be different from the I<WSTOPSIG(status)> value: the "
9380 "tracer can cause a different signal to be injected."
9384 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1048
9386 "Note that a suppressed signal still causes system calls to return "
9387 "prematurely. In this case system calls will be restarted: the tracer will "
9388 "observe the tracee to reexecute the interrupted system call (or "
9389 "B<restart_syscall>(2) system call for a few syscalls which use a different "
9390 "mechanism for restarting) if the tracer uses B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>. Even system "
9391 "calls (such as B<poll>(2)) which are not restartable after signal are "
9392 "restarted after signal is suppressed; however, kernel bugs exist which cause "
9393 "some syscalls to fail with B<EINTR> even though no observable signal is "
9394 "injected to the tracee."
9398 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1059
9400 "Restarting ptrace commands issued in ptrace-stops other than signal-delivery-"
9401 "stop are not guaranteed to inject a signal, even if I<sig> is nonzero. No "
9402 "error is reported; a nonzero I<sig> may simply be ignored. Ptrace users "
9403 "should not try to \"create a new signal\" this way: use B<tgkill>(2) "
9408 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1066
9410 "The fact that signal injection requests may be ignored when restarting the "
9411 "tracee after ptrace stops that are not signal-delivery-stops is a cause of "
9412 "confusion among ptrace users. One typical scenario is that the tracer "
9413 "observes group-stop, mistakes it for signal-delivery-stop, restarts the "
9418 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1068
9420 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_restart, pid, 0, stopsig)\n"
9424 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1074
9426 "with the intention of injecting I<stopsig>, but I<stopsig> gets ignored and "
9427 "the tracee continues to run."
9431 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1094
9433 "The B<SIGCONT> signal has a side effect of waking up (all threads of) a "
9434 "group-stopped process. This side effect happens before signal-delivery-"
9435 "stop. The tracer can't suppress this side effect (it can only suppress "
9436 "signal injection, which only causes the B<SIGCONT> handler to not be "
9437 "executed in the tracee, if such a handler is installed). In fact, waking up "
9438 "from group-stop may be followed by signal-delivery-stop for signal(s) "
9439 "I<other than> B<SIGCONT>, if they were pending when B<SIGCONT> was "
9440 "delivered. In other words, B<SIGCONT> may be not the first signal observed "
9441 "by the tracee after it was sent."
9445 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1098
9447 "Stopping signals cause (all threads of) a process to enter group-stop. This "
9448 "side effect happens after signal injection, and therefore can be suppressed "
9453 #. In the Linux 2.4 sources, in arch/i386/kernel/signal.c::do_signal(),
9455 #. /* The debugger continued. Ignore SIGSTOP. */
9456 #. if (signr == SIGSTOP)
9459 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1108
9460 msgid "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, the B<SIGSTOP> signal can't be injected."
9464 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1125
9466 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> can be used to retrieve a I<siginfo_t> structure which "
9467 "corresponds to the delivered signal. B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> may be used to "
9468 "modify it. If B<PTRACE_SETSIGINFO> has been used to alter I<siginfo_t>, the "
9469 "I<si_signo> field and the I<sig> parameter in the restarting command must "
9470 "match, otherwise the result is undefined."
9474 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1125
9480 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1137
9482 "When a (possibly multithreaded) process receives a stopping signal, all "
9483 "threads stop. If some threads are traced, they enter a group-stop. Note "
9484 "that the stopping signal will first cause signal-delivery-stop (on one "
9485 "tracee only), and only after it is injected by the tracer (or after it was "
9486 "dispatched to a thread which isn't traced), will group-stop be initiated on "
9487 "I<all> tracees within the multithreaded process. As usual, every tracee "
9488 "reports its group-stop separately to the corresponding tracer."
9492 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1146
9494 "Group-stop is observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning with "
9495 "I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, with the stopping signal available via I<WSTOPSIG"
9496 "(status)>. The same result is returned by some other classes of ptrace-"
9497 "stops, therefore the recommended practice is to perform the call"
9501 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1148
9503 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo)\n"
9507 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1169
9509 "The call can be avoided if the signal is not B<SIGSTOP>, B<SIGTSTP>, "
9510 "B<SIGTTIN>, or B<SIGTTOU>; only these four signals are stopping signals. If "
9511 "the tracer sees something else, it can't be a group-stop. Otherwise, the "
9512 "tracer needs to call B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO>. If B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> fails "
9513 "with B<EINVAL>, then it is definitely a group-stop. (Other failure codes "
9514 "are possible, such as B<ESRCH> (\"no such process\") if a B<SIGKILL> killed "
9519 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1179
9521 "If tracee was attached using B<PTRACE_SEIZE>, group-stop is indicated by "
9522 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>: I<statusE<gt>E<gt>16 == PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>. This "
9523 "allows detection of group-stops without requiring an extra "
9524 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> call."
9528 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1188
9530 "As of Linux 2.6.38, after the tracer sees the tracee ptrace-stop and until "
9531 "it restarts or kills it, the tracee will not run, and will not send "
9532 "notifications (except B<SIGKILL> death) to the tracer, even if the tracer "
9533 "enters into another B<waitpid>(2) call."
9537 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1202
9539 "The kernel behavior described in the previous paragraph causes a problem "
9540 "with transparent handling of stopping signals. If the tracer restarts the "
9541 "tracee after group-stop, the stopping signal is effectively ignored\\(emthe "
9542 "tracee doesn't remain stopped, it runs. If the tracer doesn't restart the "
9543 "tracee before entering into the next B<waitpid>(2), future B<SIGCONT> "
9544 "signals will not be reported to the tracer; this would cause the B<SIGCONT> "
9545 "signals to have no effect on the tracee."
9549 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1213
9551 "Since Linux 3.4, there is a method to overcome this problem: instead of "
9552 "B<PTRACE_CONT>, a B<PTRACE_LISTEN> command can be used to restart a tracee "
9553 "in a way where it does not execute, but waits for a new event which it can "
9554 "report via B<waitpid>(2) (such as when it is restarted by a B<SIGCONT>)."
9558 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1213
9560 msgid "PTRACE_EVENT stops"
9564 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1219
9566 "If the tracer sets B<PTRACE_O_TRACE_*> options, the tracee will enter ptrace-"
9567 "stops called B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops."
9571 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1233
9573 "B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops are observed by the tracer as B<waitpid>(2) returning "
9574 "with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)>, and I<WSTOPSIG(status)> returns B<SIGTRAP>. An "
9575 "additional bit is set in the higher byte of the status word: the value "
9576 "I<statusE<gt>E<gt>8> will be"
9580 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1235
9582 msgid " (SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_foo E<lt>E<lt> 8).\n"
9586 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1237
9587 msgid "The following events exist:"
9591 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1237
9593 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>"
9594 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK>"
9597 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1250
9599 "Stop before return from B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> "
9600 "flag. When the tracee is continued after this stop, it will wait for child "
9601 "to exit/exec before continuing its execution (in other words, the usual "
9602 "behavior on B<vfork>(2))."
9606 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1250
9608 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
9609 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_FORK>"
9612 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1258
9614 "Stop before return from B<fork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set "
9619 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1258
9621 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
9622 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE>"
9625 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1262
9626 msgid "Stop before return from B<clone>(2)."
9630 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1262
9632 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>"
9633 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE>"
9636 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1272
9638 "Stop before return from B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> "
9639 "flag, but after the child unblocked this tracee by exiting or execing."
9643 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1278
9645 "For all four stops described above, the stop occurs in the parent (i.e., the "
9646 "tracee), not in the newly created thread. B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> can be used "
9647 "to retrieve the new thread's ID."
9651 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1278
9653 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC>"
9654 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC>"
9657 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1285
9659 "Stop before return from B<execve>(2). Since Linux 3.0, "
9660 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> returns the former thread ID."
9664 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1285
9666 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>"
9667 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT>"
9670 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1301
9672 "Stop before exit (including death from B<exit_group>(2)), signal death, or "
9673 "exit caused by B<execve>(2) in a multithreaded process. "
9674 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> returns the exit status. Registers can be examined "
9675 "(unlike when \"real\" exit happens). The tracee is still alive; it needs to "
9676 "be B<PTRACE_CONT>ed or B<PTRACE_DETACH>ed to finish exiting."
9680 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1301
9682 msgid "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>"
9683 msgstr "B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP>"
9686 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1313
9688 "Stop induced by B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> command, or group-stop, or initial "
9689 "ptrace-stop when a new child is attached (only if attached using "
9690 "B<PTRACE_SEIZE>), or B<PTRACE_EVENT_STOP> if B<PTRACE_SEIZE> was used."
9694 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1325
9696 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> on B<PTRACE_EVENT> stops returns B<SIGTRAP> in "
9697 "I<si_signo>, with I<si_code> set to I<(eventE<lt>E<lt>8)\\ |\\ SIGTRAP>."
9701 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1325
9703 msgid "Syscall-stops"
9707 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1338
9709 "If the tracee was restarted by B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, the tracee enters syscall-"
9710 "enter-stop just prior to entering any system call. If the tracer restarts "
9711 "the tracee with B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, the tracee enters syscall-exit-stop when "
9712 "the system call is finished, or if it is interrupted by a signal. (That is, "
9713 "signal-delivery-stop never happens between syscall-enter-stop and syscall-"
9714 "exit-stop; it happens I<after> syscall-exit-stop.)"
9718 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1352
9720 "Other possibilities are that the tracee may stop in a B<PTRACE_EVENT> stop, "
9721 "exit (if it entered B<_exit>(2) or B<exit_group>(2)), be killed by "
9722 "B<SIGKILL>, or die silently (if it is a thread group leader, the B<execve>"
9723 "(2) happened in another thread, and that thread is not traced by the same "
9724 "tracer; this situation is discussed later)."
9728 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1367
9730 "Syscall-enter-stop and syscall-exit-stop are observed by the tracer as "
9731 "B<waitpid>(2) returning with I<WIFSTOPPED(status)> true, and I<WSTOPSIG"
9732 "(status)> giving B<SIGTRAP>. If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> option was set "
9733 "by the tracer, then I<WSTOPSIG(status)> will give the value I<(SIGTRAP\\ |\\ "
9738 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1373
9740 "Syscall-stops can be distinguished from signal-delivery-stop with B<SIGTRAP> "
9741 "by querying B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for the following cases:"
9745 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1373
9747 msgid "I<si_code> E<lt>= 0"
9751 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1385
9753 "B<SIGTRAP> was delivered as a result of a user-space action, for example, a "
9754 "system call (B<tgkill>(2), B<kill>(2), B<sigqueue>(3), etc.), expiration of "
9755 "a POSIX timer, change of state on a POSIX message queue, or completion of an "
9756 "asynchronous I/O request."
9760 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1385
9762 msgid "I<si_code> == SI_KERNEL (0x80)"
9766 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1389
9767 msgid "B<SIGTRAP> was sent by the kernel."
9771 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1389
9773 msgid "I<si_code> == SIGTRAP or I<si_code> == (SIGTRAP|0x80)"
9777 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1392
9778 msgid "This is a syscall-stop."
9782 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1397
9784 "However, syscall-stops happen very often (twice per system call), and "
9785 "performing B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for every syscall-stop may be somewhat "
9790 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1420
9792 "Some architectures allow the cases to be distinguished by examining "
9793 "registers. For example, on x86, I<rax> == -B<ENOSYS> in syscall-enter-"
9794 "stop. Since B<SIGTRAP> (like any other signal) always happens I<after> "
9795 "syscall-exit-stop, and at this point I<rax> almost never contains -"
9796 "B<ENOSYS>, the B<SIGTRAP> looks like \"syscall-stop which is not syscall-"
9797 "enter-stop\"; in other words, it looks like a \"stray syscall-exit-stop\" "
9798 "and can be detected this way. But such detection is fragile and is best "
9803 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1426
9805 "Using the B<PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD> option is the recommended method to "
9806 "distinguish syscall-stops from other kinds of ptrace-stops, since it is "
9807 "reliable and does not incur a performance penalty."
9811 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1437
9813 "Syscall-enter-stop and syscall-exit-stop are indistinguishable from each "
9814 "other by the tracer. The tracer needs to keep track of the sequence of "
9815 "ptrace-stops in order to not misinterpret syscall-enter-stop as syscall-exit-"
9816 "stop or vice versa. The rule is that syscall-enter-stop is always followed "
9817 "by syscall-exit-stop, B<PTRACE_EVENT> stop or the tracee's death; no other "
9818 "kinds of ptrace-stop can occur in between."
9822 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1442
9824 "If after syscall-enter-stop, the tracer uses a restarting command other than "
9825 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, syscall-exit-stop is not generated."
9829 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1454
9831 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> on syscall-stops returns B<SIGTRAP> in I<si_signo>, "
9832 "with I<si_code> set to B<SIGTRAP> or I<(SIGTRAP|0x80)>."
9836 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1454
9838 msgid "PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, PTRACE_SYSEMU, PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP stops"
9843 #. document stops occurring with PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, PTRACE_SYSEMU,
9844 #. PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP
9846 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1460
9847 msgid "[Details of these kinds of stops are yet to be documented.]"
9851 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1460
9853 msgid "Informational and restarting ptrace commands"
9857 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1470
9859 "Most ptrace commands (all except B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, B<PTRACE_SEIZE>, "
9860 "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>, B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT>, and B<PTRACE_KILL>) require the "
9861 "tracee to be in a ptrace-stop, otherwise they fail with B<ESRCH>."
9865 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1475
9867 "When the tracee is in ptrace-stop, the tracer can read and write data to the "
9868 "tracee using informational commands. These commands leave the tracee in "
9869 "ptrace-stopped state:"
9873 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1487
9876 " ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKTEXT/PEEKDATA/PEEKUSER, pid, addr, 0);\n"
9877 " ptrace(PTRACE_POKETEXT/POKEDATA/POKEUSER, pid, addr, long_val);\n"
9878 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS/GETFPREGS, pid, 0, &struct);\n"
9879 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGS/SETFPREGS, pid, 0, &struct);\n"
9880 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGSET, pid, NT_foo, &iov);\n"
9881 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGSET, pid, NT_foo, &iov);\n"
9882 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo);\n"
9883 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &siginfo);\n"
9884 " ptrace(PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG, pid, 0, &long_var);\n"
9885 " ptrace(PTRACE_SETOPTIONS, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
9889 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1499
9891 "Note that some errors are not reported. For example, setting signal "
9892 "information (I<siginfo>) may have no effect in some ptrace-stops, yet the "
9893 "call may succeed (return 0 and not set I<errno>); querying "
9894 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> may succeed and return some random value if current "
9895 "ptrace-stop is not documented as returning a meaningful event message."
9899 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1501
9904 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1503
9906 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_SETOPTIONS, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
9910 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1512
9912 "affects one tracee. The tracee's current flags are replaced. Flags are "
9913 "inherited by new tracees created and \"auto-attached\" via active "
9914 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK>, B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK>, or B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> "
9919 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1515
9921 "Another group of commands makes the ptrace-stopped tracee run. They have "
9926 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1517
9928 msgid " ptrace(cmd, pid, 0, sig);\n"
9932 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1538
9934 "where I<cmd> is B<PTRACE_CONT>, B<PTRACE_LISTEN>, B<PTRACE_DETACH>, "
9935 "B<PTRACE_SYSCALL>, B<PTRACE_SINGLESTEP>, B<PTRACE_SYSEMU>, or "
9936 "B<PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP>. If the tracee is in signal-delivery-stop, "
9937 "I<sig> is the signal to be injected (if it is nonzero). Otherwise, I<sig> "
9938 "may be ignored. (When restarting a tracee from a ptrace-stop other than "
9939 "signal-delivery-stop, recommended practice is to always pass 0 in I<sig>.)"
9943 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1538
9945 msgid "Attaching and detaching"
9949 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1540
9950 msgid "A thread can be attached to the tracer using the call"
9954 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1542
9956 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, 0, 0);\n"
9960 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1544 build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2047
9965 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1546
9967 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_SEIZE, pid, 0, PTRACE_O_flags);\n"
9971 #. FIXME: Describe how to attach to a thread which is already
9974 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1571
9976 "B<PTRACE_ATTACH> sends B<SIGSTOP> to this thread. If the tracer wants this "
9977 "B<SIGSTOP> to have no effect, it needs to suppress it. Note that if other "
9978 "signals are concurrently sent to this thread during attach, the tracer may "
9979 "see the tracee enter signal-delivery-stop with other signal(s) first! The "
9980 "usual practice is to reinject these signals until B<SIGSTOP> is seen, then "
9981 "suppress B<SIGSTOP> injection. The design bug here is that a ptrace attach "
9982 "and a concurrently delivered B<SIGSTOP> may race and the concurrent "
9983 "B<SIGSTOP> may be lost."
9987 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1578
9989 "Since attaching sends B<SIGSTOP> and the tracer usually suppresses it, this "
9990 "may cause a stray B<EINTR> return from the currently executing system call "
9991 "in the tracee, as described in the \"Signal injection and suppression\" "
9996 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1590
9998 "Since Linux 3.4, B<PTRACE_SEIZE> can be used instead of B<PTRACE_ATTACH>. "
9999 "B<PTRACE_SEIZE> does not stop the attached process. If you need to stop it "
10000 "after attach (or at any other time) without sending it any signals, use "
10001 "B<PTRACE_INTERRUPT> command."
10004 #. type: Plain text
10005 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1592
10006 msgid "The request"
10009 #. type: Plain text
10010 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1594
10012 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_TRACEME, 0, 0, 0);\n"
10015 #. type: Plain text
10016 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1600
10018 "turns the calling thread into a tracee. The thread continues to run "
10019 "(doesn't enter ptrace-stop). A common practice is to follow the "
10020 "B<PTRACE_TRACEME> with"
10023 #. type: Plain text
10024 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1602
10026 msgid " raise(SIGSTOP);\n"
10029 #. type: Plain text
10030 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1605
10032 "and allow the parent (which is our tracer now) to observe our signal-"
10036 #. type: Plain text
10037 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1629
10039 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK>, B<PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK>, or "
10040 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE> options are in effect, then children created by, "
10041 "respectively, B<vfork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_VFORK> flag, "
10042 "B<fork>(2) or B<clone>(2) with the exit signal set to B<SIGCHLD>, and "
10043 "other kinds of B<clone>(2), are automatically attached to the same tracer "
10044 "which traced their parent. B<SIGSTOP> is delivered to the children, causing "
10045 "them to enter signal-delivery-stop after they exit the system call which "
10049 #. type: Plain text
10050 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1631
10051 msgid "Detaching of the tracee is performed by:"
10054 #. type: Plain text
10055 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1633
10057 msgid " ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0, sig);\n"
10060 #. type: Plain text
10061 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1641
10063 "B<PTRACE_DETACH> is a restarting operation; therefore it requires the tracee "
10064 "to be in ptrace-stop. If the tracee is in signal-delivery-stop, a signal "
10065 "can be injected. Otherwise, the I<sig> parameter may be silently ignored."
10068 #. FIXME: Describe how to detach from a group-stopped tracee so that it
10069 #. doesn't run, but continues to wait for SIGCONT.
10070 #. type: Plain text
10071 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1665
10073 "If the tracee is running when the tracer wants to detach it, the usual "
10074 "solution is to send B<SIGSTOP> (using B<tgkill>(2), to make sure it goes to "
10075 "the correct thread), wait for the tracee to stop in signal-delivery-stop for "
10076 "B<SIGSTOP> and then detach it (suppressing B<SIGSTOP> injection). A design "
10077 "bug is that this can race with concurrent B<SIGSTOP>s. Another complication "
10078 "is that the tracee may enter other ptrace-stops and needs to be restarted "
10079 "and waited for again, until B<SIGSTOP> is seen. Yet another complication is "
10080 "to be sure that the tracee is not already ptrace-stopped, because no signal "
10081 "delivery happens while it is\\(emnot even B<SIGSTOP>."
10084 #. type: Plain text
10085 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1673
10087 "If the tracer dies, all tracees are automatically detached and restarted, "
10088 "unless they were in group-stop. Handling of restart from group-stop is "
10089 "currently buggy, but the \"as planned\" behavior is to leave tracee stopped "
10090 "and waiting for B<SIGCONT>. If the tracee is restarted from signal-delivery-"
10091 "stop, the pending signal is injected."
10095 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1673
10097 msgid "execve(2) under ptrace"
10101 #. clone(2) CLONE_THREAD says:
10102 #. If any of the threads in a thread group performs an execve(2),
10103 #. then all threads other than the thread group leader are terminated,
10104 #. and the new program is executed in the thread group leader.
10105 #. In kernel 3.1 sources, see fs/exec.c::de_thread()
10106 #. type: Plain text
10107 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1692
10109 "When one thread in a multithreaded process calls B<execve>(2), the kernel "
10110 "destroys all other threads in the process, and resets the thread ID of the "
10111 "execing thread to the thread group ID (process ID). (Or, to put things "
10112 "another way, when a multithreaded process does an B<execve>(2), at "
10113 "completion of the call, it appears as though the B<execve>(2) occurred in "
10114 "the thread group leader, regardless of which thread did the B<execve>(2).) "
10115 "This resetting of the thread ID looks very confusing to tracers:"
10118 #. type: Plain text
10119 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1702
10121 "All other threads stop in B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop, if the "
10122 "B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT> option was turned on. Then all other threads except "
10123 "the thread group leader report death as if they exited via B<_exit>(2) with "
10127 #. type: Plain text
10128 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1710
10130 "The execing tracee changes its thread ID while it is in the B<execve>(2). "
10131 "(Remember, under ptrace, the \"pid\" returned from B<waitpid>(2), or fed "
10132 "into ptrace calls, is the tracee's thread ID.) That is, the tracee's thread "
10133 "ID is reset to be the same as its process ID, which is the same as the "
10134 "thread group leader's thread ID."
10137 #. type: Plain text
10138 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1716
10140 "Then a B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop happens, if the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> "
10141 "option was turned on."
10144 #. type: Plain text
10145 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1737
10147 "If the thread group leader has reported its B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop by "
10148 "this time, it appears to the tracer that the dead thread leader \"reappears "
10149 "from nowhere\". (Note: the thread group leader does not report death via "
10150 "I<WIFEXITED(status)> until there is at least one other live thread. This "
10151 "eliminates the possibility that the tracer will see it dying and then "
10152 "reappearing.) If the thread group leader was still alive, for the tracer "
10153 "this may look as if thread group leader returns from a different system call "
10154 "than it entered, or even \"returned from a system call even though it was "
10155 "not in any system call\". If the thread group leader was not traced (or was "
10156 "traced by a different tracer), then during B<execve>(2) it will appear as "
10157 "if it has become a tracee of the tracer of the execing tracee."
10160 #. type: Plain text
10161 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1740
10163 "All of the above effects are the artifacts of the thread ID change in the "
10167 #. type: Plain text
10168 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1760
10170 "The B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is the recommended tool for dealing with "
10171 "this situation. First, it enables B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop, which occurs "
10172 "before B<execve>(2) returns. In this stop, the tracer can use "
10173 "B<PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG> to retrieve the tracee's former thread ID. (This "
10174 "feature was introduced in Linux 3.0). Second, the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> "
10175 "option disables legacy B<SIGTRAP> generation on B<execve>(2)."
10178 #. type: Plain text
10179 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1766
10181 "When the tracer receives B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop notification, it is "
10182 "guaranteed that except this tracee and the thread group leader, no other "
10183 "threads from the process are alive."
10186 #. type: Plain text
10187 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1774
10189 "On receiving the B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC> stop notification, the tracer should "
10190 "clean up all its internal data structures describing the threads of this "
10191 "process, and retain only one data structure\\(emone which describes the "
10192 "single still running tracee, with"
10195 #. type: Plain text
10196 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1776
10198 msgid " thread ID == thread group ID == process ID.\n"
10201 #. type: Plain text
10202 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1780
10203 msgid "Example: two threads call B<execve>(2) at the same time:"
10206 #. type: Plain text
10207 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1791
10210 "*** we get syscall-enter-stop in thread 1: **\n"
10211 "PID1 execve(\"/bin/foo\", \"foo\" E<lt>unfinished ...E<gt>\n"
10212 "*** we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL for thread 1 **\n"
10213 "*** we get syscall-enter-stop in thread 2: **\n"
10214 "PID2 execve(\"/bin/bar\", \"bar\" E<lt>unfinished ...E<gt>\n"
10215 "*** we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL for thread 2 **\n"
10216 "*** we get PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC for PID0, we issue PTRACE_SYSCALL **\n"
10217 "*** we get syscall-exit-stop for PID0: **\n"
10218 "PID0 E<lt>... execve resumedE<gt> ) = 0\n"
10221 #. type: Plain text
10222 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1814
10224 "If the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option is I<not> in effect for the execing "
10225 "tracee, the kernel delivers an extra B<SIGTRAP> to the tracee after B<execve>"
10226 "(2) returns. This is an ordinary signal (similar to one which can be "
10227 "generated by I<kill -TRAP>), not a special kind of ptrace-stop. Employing "
10228 "B<PTRACE_GETSIGINFO> for this signal returns I<si_code> set to 0 "
10229 "(I<SI_USER>). This signal may be blocked by signal mask, and thus may be "
10230 "delivered (much) later."
10233 #. type: Plain text
10234 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1833
10236 "Usually, the tracer (for example, B<strace>(1)) would not want to show this "
10237 "extra post-execve B<SIGTRAP> signal to the user, and would suppress its "
10238 "delivery to the tracee (if B<SIGTRAP> is set to B<SIG_DFL>, it is a killing "
10239 "signal). However, determining I<which> B<SIGTRAP> to suppress is not easy. "
10240 "Setting the B<PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC> option and thus suppressing this extra "
10241 "B<SIGTRAP> is the recommended approach."
10245 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1833
10247 msgid "Real parent"
10250 #. type: Plain text
10251 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1840
10253 "The ptrace API (ab)uses the standard UNIX parent/child signaling over "
10254 "B<waitpid>(2). This used to cause the real parent of the process to stop "
10255 "receiving several kinds of B<waitpid>(2) notifications when the child "
10256 "process is traced by some other process."
10259 #. type: Plain text
10260 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1843
10262 "Many of these bugs have been fixed, but as of Linux 2.6.38 several still "
10263 "exist; see BUGS below."
10266 #. type: Plain text
10267 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1845
10268 msgid "As of Linux 2.6.38, the following is believed to work correctly:"
10271 #. type: Plain text
10272 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1853
10274 "exit/death by signal is reported first to the tracer, then, when the tracer "
10275 "consumes the B<waitpid>(2) result, to the real parent (to the real parent "
10276 "only when the whole multithreaded process exits). If the tracer and the "
10277 "real parent are the same process, the report is sent only once."
10280 #. type: Plain text
10281 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1858
10283 "On success, the B<PTRACE_PEEK*> requests return the requested data (but see "
10284 "NOTES), while other requests return zero."
10287 #. type: Plain text
10288 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1868
10291 #| "On success, B<PTRACE_PEEK*> requests return the requested data, while "
10292 #| "other requests return zero. On error, all requests return -1, and "
10293 #| "I<errno> is set appropriately. Since the value returned by a successful "
10294 #| "B<PTRACE_PEEK*> request may be -1, the caller must check I<errno> after "
10295 #| "such requests to determine whether or not an error occurred."
10297 "On error, all requests return -1, and I<errno> is set appropriately. Since "
10298 "the value returned by a successful B<PTRACE_PEEK*> request may be -1, the "
10299 "caller must clear I<errno> before the call, and then check it afterward to "
10300 "determine whether or not an error occurred."
10302 "成功すると、 B<PTRACE_PEEK*> の場合は要求したデータを返し、 それ以外の場合は "
10303 "0 を返す。 エラーの場合は -1 を返し、 I<errno> が適切に設定される。 "
10304 "B<PTRACE_PEEK*> が成功して返す値も -1 になることがあるため、 そのような要求"
10305 "の場合には、呼び出し元は I<errno> を調べ、エラーか発生したのかどうかを判断し"
10308 #. type: Plain text
10309 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1872
10311 "(i386 only) There was an error with allocating or freeing a debug register."
10312 msgstr "(i386 のみ) デバッグレジスタの確保または解放でエラーが発生した。"
10314 #. type: Plain text
10315 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1883
10318 #| "There was an attempt to read from or write to an invalid area in the "
10319 #| "parent's or child's memory, probably because the area wasn't mapped or "
10320 #| "accessible. Unfortunately, under Linux, different variations of this "
10321 #| "fault will return B<EIO> or B<EFAULT> more or less arbitrarily."
10323 "There was an attempt to read from or write to an invalid area in the "
10324 "tracer's or the tracee's memory, probably because the area wasn't mapped or "
10325 "accessible. Unfortunately, under Linux, different variations of this fault "
10326 "will return B<EIO> or B<EFAULT> more or less arbitrarily."
10328 "親プロセスまたは子プロセスのメモリの不正な領域に読み書きしようとした。 おそら"
10329 "くその領域がマッピングされていないか、 その領域へのアクセスが許されていないか"
10330 "である。 不運なことに、Linux ではこのようなエラーの場合、多かれ少なかれ 恣意"
10331 "的に B<EIO> を返したり B<EFAULT> を返したりすることがある。"
10333 #. type: Plain text
10334 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1886
10335 msgid "An attempt was made to set an invalid option."
10336 msgstr "不正なオプションを設定しようとした。"
10338 #. type: Plain text
10339 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1893
10342 #| "I<request> is invalid, or an attempt was made to read from or write to an "
10343 #| "invalid area in the parent's or child's memory, or there was a word-"
10344 #| "alignment violation, or an invalid signal was specified during a restart "
10347 "I<request> is invalid, or an attempt was made to read from or write to an "
10348 "invalid area in the tracer's or the tracee's memory, or there was a word-"
10349 "alignment violation, or an invalid signal was specified during a restart "
10352 "I<request> が不正である。 または、親プロセスまたは子プロセスのメモリの 不正な"
10353 "領域に読み書きしようとした。 または、ワード境界違反があった。 または、実行再"
10354 "開の要求で不正なシグナルを指定した。"
10356 #. type: Plain text
10357 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1906
10360 #| "The specified process cannot be traced. This could be because the parent "
10361 #| "has insufficient privileges (the required capability is "
10362 #| "B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>); unprivileged processes cannot trace processes that "
10363 #| "they cannot send signals to or those running set-user-ID/set-group-ID "
10364 #| "programs, for obvious reasons. Alternatively, the process may already be "
10365 #| "being traced, or be B<init>(8) (PID 1)."
10367 "The specified process cannot be traced. This could be because the tracer "
10368 "has insufficient privileges (the required capability is B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>); "
10369 "unprivileged processes cannot trace processes that they cannot send signals "
10370 "to or those running set-user-ID/set-group-ID programs, for obvious reasons. "
10371 "Alternatively, the process may already be being traced, or (on kernels "
10372 "before 2.6.26) be B<init>(8) (PID 1)."
10374 "指定したプロセスをトレースすることができない。これは親プロセスが 必要な権限 "
10375 "(必要なケーパビリティは B<CAP_SYS_PTRACE>) を持っていないことが原因の場合が"
10376 "ある。 分かりやすい理由を挙げるなら、 非特権プロセスはシグナルを送ることがで"
10377 "きないプロセスをトレースできないし、 set-user-ID/set-group-ID プログラムを実"
10378 "行しているプロセスはトレースできない。 または、プロセスはすでにトレース中であ"
10379 "る、 または B<init>(8) プロセス (PID が 1) である。"
10381 #. type: Plain text
10382 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1911
10385 #| "The specified process does not exist, or is not currently being traced by "
10386 #| "the caller, or is not stopped (for requests that require that)."
10388 "The specified process does not exist, or is not currently being traced by "
10389 "the caller, or is not stopped (for requests that require a stopped tracee)."
10391 "指定したプロセスが存在しない。 または、指定したプロセスは呼び出したプロセス"
10392 "が 現在トレース中の子プロセスではない。 または、指定したプロセスが停止してい"
10393 "ない (停止していることが必要な要求の場合)。"
10395 #. type: Plain text
10396 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1913
10397 msgid "SVr4, 4.3BSD."
10398 msgstr "SVr4, 4.3BSD."
10400 #. type: Plain text
10401 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1928
10404 #| "Although arguments to B<ptrace>() are interpreted according to the "
10405 #| "prototype given, glibc currently declares B<ptrace>() as a variadic "
10406 #| "function with only the I<request> argument fixed. This means that "
10407 #| "unneeded trailing arguments may be omitted, though doing so makes use of "
10408 #| "undocumented B<gcc>(1) behavior."
10410 "Although arguments to B<ptrace>() are interpreted according to the "
10411 "prototype given, glibc currently declares B<ptrace>() as a variadic "
10412 "function with only the I<request> argument fixed. It is recommended to "
10413 "always supply four arguments, even if the requested operation does not use "
10414 "them, setting unused/ignored arguments to I<0L> or I<(void\\ *)\\ 0>."
10416 "B<ptrace>() の引き数は上のようなプロトタイプに基づいて解釈されるが、 glibc "
10417 "では、現在のところ B<ptrace>() は I<request> 引き数だけが固定の可変長引き数"
10418 "関数として 宣言されている。 これは必要なければ残りの引き数は省略可能であるこ"
10419 "とを意味するが、 それは B<gcc>(1) の明文化されていない動作を利用していること"
10422 #. type: Plain text
10423 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1940
10425 "At the system call level, the B<PTRACE_PEEKTEXT>, B<PTRACE_PEEKDATA>, and "
10426 "B<PTRACE_PEEKUSER> requests have a different API: they store the result at "
10427 "the address specified by the I<data> parameter, and the return value is the "
10428 "error flag. The glibc wrapper function provides the API given in "
10429 "DESCRIPTION above, with the result being returned via the function return "
10433 #. See commit 00cd5c37afd5f431ac186dd131705048c0a11fdb
10434 #. type: Plain text
10435 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1945
10437 #| msgid "B<init>(8), the process with PID 1, may not be traced."
10439 "In Linux kernels before 2.6.26, B<init>(8), the process with PID 1, may not "
10441 msgstr "B<init>(8) すなわち PID が 1 のプロセスはトレースすることができない。"
10443 #. See http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/5/8/375
10444 #. type: Plain text
10445 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1952
10448 #| "The layout of the contents of memory and the USER area are quite OS- and "
10449 #| "architecture-specific. The offset supplied, and the data returned, might "
10450 #| "not entirely match with the definition of I<struct user>."
10452 "The layout of the contents of memory and the USER area are quite operating-"
10453 "system- and architecture-specific. The offset supplied, and the data "
10454 "returned, might not entirely match with the definition of I<struct user>."
10456 "メモリや USER 領域の内容や配置は OS ごと、アーキテクチャごとに 非常に依存す"
10457 "る。 オフセットが指定された場合、返されるデータは I<struct user> の定義と完全"
10460 #. type: Plain text
10461 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1955
10464 #| "The size of a \"word\" is determined by the OS variant (e.g., for 32-bit "
10465 #| "Linux it is 32 bits, etc.)."
10467 "The size of a \"word\" is determined by the operating-system variant (e.g., "
10468 "for 32-bit Linux it is 32 bits)."
10470 "「ワード (word) 」の大きさは OS によって決まる。 (例えば、32 ビットの Linux "
10471 "では 32 ビットである、など。)"
10473 #. type: Plain text
10474 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1963
10477 #| "This page documents the way the B<ptrace>() call works currently in "
10478 #| "Linux. Its behavior differs noticeably on other flavors of UNIX. In any "
10479 #| "case, use of B<ptrace>() is highly OS- and architecture-specific."
10481 "This page documents the way the B<ptrace>() call works currently in Linux. "
10482 "Its behavior differs noticeably on other flavors of UNIX. In any case, use "
10483 "of B<ptrace>() is highly specific to the operating system and architecture."
10485 "このマニュアルは現在の Linux における B<ptrace>() コールの動作について記述し"
10486 "ている。他の UNIX では その動作は著しく異なる。 いかなる場合も B<ptrace>() "
10487 "を使うと OS やアーキテクチャに非常に依存したものになる。"
10489 #. type: Plain text
10490 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1974
10493 #| "On hosts with 2.6 kernel headers, B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> is declared with a "
10494 #| "different value than the one for 2.4. This leads to applications "
10495 #| "compiled with such headers failing when run on 2.4 kernels. This can be "
10496 #| "worked around by redefining B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> to "
10497 #| "B<PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS>, if that is defined."
10499 "On hosts with 2.6 kernel headers, B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> is declared with a "
10500 "different value than the one for 2.4. This leads to applications compiled "
10501 "with 2.6 kernel headers failing when run on 2.4 kernels. This can be worked "
10502 "around by redefining B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> to B<PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS>, if "
10505 "カーネル 2.6 のヘッダがインストールされたホストでは、 B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> は"
10506 "カーネル 2.4 のヘッダとは異なる値で宣言される。 このため、カーネル 2.6 のヘッ"
10507 "ダでコンパイルされたアプリケーションは カーネル 2.4 では正しく動作しない。 こ"
10508 "の問題は、 B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> が定義されていた際は、 B<PTRACE_SETOPTIONS> "
10509 "を B<PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS> に定義し直すことで対処できる。"
10511 #. type: Plain text
10512 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:1977
10514 "Group-stop notifications are sent to the tracer, but not to real parent. "
10515 "Last confirmed on 2.6.38.6."
10518 #. Note from Denys Vlasenko:
10519 #. Here "exits" means any kind of death - _exit, exit_group,
10520 #. signal death. Signal death and exit_group cases are trivial,
10521 #. though: since signal death and exit_group kill all other threads
10522 #. too, "until all other threads exit" thing happens rather soon
10523 #. in these cases. Therefore, only _exit presents observably
10524 #. puzzling behavior to ptrace users: thread leader _exit's,
10525 #. but WIFEXITED isn't reported! We are trying to explain here
10527 #. FIXME: ^^^ need to test/verify this scenario
10528 #. type: Plain text
10529 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2008
10531 "If a thread group leader is traced and exits by calling B<_exit>(2), a "
10532 "B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop will happen for it (if requested), but the "
10533 "subsequent B<WIFEXITED> notification will not be delivered until all other "
10534 "threads exit. As explained above, if one of other threads calls B<execve>"
10535 "(2), the death of the thread group leader will I<never> be reported. If the "
10536 "execed thread is not traced by this tracer, the tracer will never know that "
10537 "B<execve>(2) happened. One possible workaround is to B<PTRACE_DETACH> the "
10538 "thread group leader instead of restarting it in this case. Last confirmed "
10542 #. type: Plain text
10543 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2018
10545 "A B<SIGKILL> signal may still cause a B<PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT> stop before "
10546 "actual signal death. This may be changed in the future; B<SIGKILL> is meant "
10547 "to always immediately kill tasks even under ptrace. Last confirmed on "
10551 #. type: Plain text
10552 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2036
10554 "Some system calls return with B<EINTR> if a signal was sent to a tracee, but "
10555 "delivery was suppressed by the tracer. (This is very typical operation: it "
10556 "is usually done by debuggers on every attach, in order to not introduce a "
10557 "bogus B<SIGSTOP>). As of Linux 3.2.9, the following system calls are "
10558 "affected (this list is likely incomplete): B<epoll_wait>(2), and B<read>(2) "
10559 "from an B<inotify>(7) file descriptor. The usual symptom of this bug is "
10560 "that when you attach to a quiescent process with the command"
10563 #. type: Plain text
10564 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2038
10566 msgid " strace -p E<lt>process-IDE<gt>\n"
10569 #. type: Plain text
10570 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2041
10571 msgid "then, instead of the usual and expected one-line output such as"
10574 #. type: Plain text
10575 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2044
10577 msgid " restart_syscall(E<lt>... resuming interrupted call ...E<gt>_\n"
10580 #. type: Plain text
10581 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2050
10583 msgid " select(6, [5], NULL, [5], NULL_\n"
10586 #. type: Plain text
10587 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2054
10589 "('_' denotes the cursor position), you observe more than one line. For "
10593 #. type: Plain text
10594 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2058
10597 " clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, {15370, 690928118}) = 0\n"
10598 " epoll_wait(4,_\n"
10601 #. type: Plain text
10602 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2079
10604 "What is not visible here is that the process was blocked in B<epoll_wait>"
10605 "(2) before B<strace>(1) has attached to it. Attaching caused B<epoll_wait>"
10606 "(2) to return to user space with the error B<EINTR>. In this particular "
10607 "case, the program reacted to B<EINTR> by checking the current time, and then "
10608 "executing B<epoll_wait>(2) again. (Programs which do not expect such "
10609 "\"stray\" B<EINTR> errors may behave in an unintended way upon an B<strace>"
10613 #. type: Plain text
10614 #: build/C/man2/ptrace.2:2093
10616 "B<gdb>(1), B<strace>(1), B<clone>(2), B<execve>(2), B<fork>(2), B<gettid>"
10617 "(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<tgkill>(2), B<vfork>(2), B<waitpid>(2), B<exec>(3), "
10618 "B<capabilities>(7), B<signal>(7)"
10620 "B<gdb>(1), B<strace>(1), B<clone>(2), B<execve>(2), B<fork>(2),\n"
10621 "B<gettid>(2), B<sigaction>(2), B<tgkill>(2), B<vfork>(2),\n"
10622 "B<waitpid>(2), B<exec>(3), B<capabilities>(7), B<signal>(7)"
10625 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27
10631 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:27
10634 msgstr "2010-06-16"
10636 #. type: Plain text
10637 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:30
10638 msgid "quotactl - manipulate disk quotas"
10639 msgstr "quotactl - ディスク quota を操作する"
10641 #. type: Plain text
10642 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:34
10645 "B<#include E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>\n"
10646 "B<#include E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>\n"
10648 "B<#include E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>\n"
10649 "B<#include E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>\n"
10651 #. type: Plain text
10652 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:37
10654 msgid "B<int quotactl(int >I<cmd>B<, const char *>I<special>B<, int >I<id>B<, caddr_t >I<addr>B<);>\n"
10655 msgstr "B<int quotactl(int >I<cmd>B<, const char *>I<special>B<, int >I<id>B<, caddr_t >I<addr>B<);>\n"
10657 #. type: Plain text
10658 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:49
10661 #| "The quota system defines for each user and/or group a soft limit and a "
10662 #| "hard limit bounding the amount of disk space that can be used on a given "
10663 #| "file system. The hard limit cannot be crossed. The soft limit can be "
10664 #| "crossed, but warnings will ensue. Moreover, the user cannot be above the "
10665 #| "soft limit for more than one week (by default) at a time: after this "
10666 #| "week the soft limit counts as hard limit."
10668 "The quota system can be used to set per-user and per-group limits on the "
10669 "amount of disk space used on a filesystem. For each user and/or group, a "
10670 "soft limit and a hard limit can be set for each filesystem. The hard limit "
10671 "can't be exceeded. The soft limit can be exceeded, but warnings will "
10672 "ensue. Moreover, the user can't exceed the soft limit for more than one "
10673 "week (by default) at a time; after this time, the soft limit counts as a "
10676 "quota システムは、各々のユーザ及び/またはグループに対して、 ソフト・リミット"
10677 "及びハード・リミットを定める。これはあるファイル・システムで 使用する事が出来"
10678 "るディスク容量を制限する。 ハード・リミットは超過することは出来ない。 ソフ"
10679 "ト・リミットは超過する事が出来るが、警告が発せられる。 更に、(デフォルトで"
10680 "は) 一週間以上ソフト・リミットを超過したままに しておく事はできない: 一週間経"
10681 "過した後はハード・リミットを超過したと みなされる。"
10683 #. type: Plain text
10684 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:74
10687 #| "The B<quotactl>() system call manipulates these quota. Its first "
10688 #| "argument is of the form B<QCMD(>I<subcmd>B<,>I<type>B<)> where I<type> is "
10689 #| "either B<USRQUOTA> or B<GRPQUOTA> (for user quota and group quota, "
10690 #| "respectively), and I<subcmd> is described below."
10692 "The B<quotactl>() call manipulates disk quotas. The I<cmd> argument "
10693 "indicates a command to be applied to the user or group ID specified in "
10694 "I<id>. To initialize the I<cmd> argument, use the I<QCMD(subcmd, type)> "
10695 "macro. The I<type> value is either B<USRQUOTA>, for user quotas, or "
10696 "B<GRPQUOTA>, for group quotas. The I<subcmd> value is described below."
10698 "B<quotactl>() システムコールはこれらの quota に対する操作を行なう。 最初の引"
10699 "き数は B<QCMD(>I<subcmd>B<,>I<type>B<)> という形式である。 I<type> には、ユー"
10700 "ザー quota については B<USRQUOTA> を、グループ quota については B<GRPQUOTA> "
10701 "を指定する。 I<subcmd> は以下で説明する。"
10703 #. type: Plain text
10704 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:79
10706 "The I<special> argument is a pointer to a null-terminated string containing "
10707 "the pathname of the (mounted) block special device for the filesystem being "
10711 #. type: Plain text
10712 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:87
10714 "The I<addr> argument is the address of an optional, command-specific, data "
10715 "structure that is copied in or out of the system. The interpretation of "
10716 "I<addr> is given with each command below."
10719 #. type: Plain text
10720 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:91
10721 msgid "The I<subcmd> value is one of the following:"
10722 msgstr "I<subcmd> の値は以下のいずれかである"
10725 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:91
10727 msgid "B<Q_QUOTAON>"
10728 msgstr "B<Q_QUOTAON>"
10730 #. type: Plain text
10731 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:98
10733 "Turn on quotas for a filesystem. The I<id> argument is the identification "
10734 "number of the quota format to be used. Currently, there are three supported "
10739 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:99
10741 msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_OLD>"
10744 #. type: Plain text
10745 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:102
10746 msgid "The original quota format."
10750 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:102
10752 msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_V0>"
10755 #. type: Plain text
10756 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:106
10758 "The standard VFS v0 quota format, which can handle 32-bit UIDs and GIDs and "
10759 "quota limits up to 2^42 bytes and 2^32 inodes."
10763 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:106
10765 msgid "B<QFMT_VFS_V1>"
10768 #. type: Plain text
10769 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:110
10771 "A quota format that can handle 32-bit UIDs and GIDs and quota limits of 2^64 "
10772 "bytes and 2^64 inodes."
10775 #. type: Plain text
10776 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:121
10778 "The I<addr> argument points to the pathname of a file containing the quotas "
10779 "for the filesystem. The quota file must exist; it is normally created with "
10780 "the B<quotacheck>(8) program. This operation requires privilege "
10781 "(B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
10785 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:121
10787 msgid "B<Q_QUOTAOFF>"
10788 msgstr "B<Q_QUOTAOFF>"
10790 #. type: Plain text
10791 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:131
10793 "Turn off quotas for a filesystem. The I<addr> and I<id> arguments are "
10794 "ignored. This operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
10798 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:131
10800 msgid "B<Q_GETQUOTA>"
10801 msgstr "B<Q_GETQUOTA>"
10803 #. type: Plain text
10804 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:142
10807 #| "Get limits and current usage of disk space. The I<addr> argument is a "
10808 #| "pointer to a dqblk structure (defined in I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>)."
10810 "Get disk quota limits and current usage for user or group I<id>. The "
10811 "I<addr> argument is a pointer to a I<dqblk> structure defined in I<E<lt>sys/"
10812 "quota.hE<gt>> as follows:"
10814 "ディスク使用量の制限値と現在の使用量を得る。 I<addr> 引き数は (I<E<lt>sys/"
10815 "quota.hE<gt>> で定義された) dqblk 構造体を指すポインタである。"
10817 #. type: Plain text
10818 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:147 build/C/man2/quotactl.2:234
10821 "/* uint64_t is an unsigned 64-bit integer;\n"
10822 " uint32_t is an unsigned 32-bit integer */\n"
10825 #. type: Plain text
10826 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:167
10829 "struct dqblk { /* Definition since Linux 2.4.22 */\n"
10830 " uint64_t dqb_bhardlimit; /* absolute limit on disk\n"
10831 " quota blocks alloc */\n"
10832 " uint64_t dqb_bsoftlimit; /* preferred limit on\n"
10833 " disk quota blocks */\n"
10834 " uint64_t dqb_curspace; /* current quota block\n"
10836 " uint64_t dqb_ihardlimit; /* maximum number of\n"
10837 " allocated inodes */\n"
10838 " uint64_t dqb_isoftlimit; /* preferred inode limit */\n"
10839 " uint64_t dqb_curinodes; /* current number of\n"
10840 " allocated inodes */\n"
10841 " uint64_t dqb_btime; /* time limit for excessive\n"
10843 " uint64_t dqb_itime; /* time limit for excessive\n"
10845 " uint32_t dqb_valid; /* bit mask of QIF_*\n"
10850 #. type: Plain text
10851 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:170
10854 "/* Flags in dqb_valid that indicate which fields in\n"
10855 " dqblk structure are valid. */\n"
10858 #. type: Plain text
10859 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:181
10862 "#define QIF_BLIMITS 1\n"
10863 "#define QIF_SPACE 2\n"
10864 "#define QIF_ILIMITS 4\n"
10865 "#define QIF_INODES 8\n"
10866 "#define QIF_BTIME 16\n"
10867 "#define QIF_ITIME 32\n"
10868 "#define QIF_LIMITS (QIF_BLIMITS | QIF_ILIMITS)\n"
10869 "#define QIF_USAGE (QIF_SPACE | QIF_INODES)\n"
10870 "#define QIF_TIMES (QIF_BTIME | QIF_ITIME)\n"
10871 "#define QIF_ALL (QIF_LIMITS | QIF_USAGE | QIF_TIMES)\n"
10874 #. type: Plain text
10875 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:198
10877 "The I<dqb_valid> field is a bit mask that is set to indicate the entries in "
10878 "the I<dqblk> structure that are valid. Currently, the kernel fills in all "
10879 "entries of the I<dqblk> structure and marks them as valid in the "
10880 "I<dqb_valid> field. Unprivileged users may retrieve only their own quotas; "
10881 "a privileged user (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) can retrieve the quotas of any user."
10885 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:198
10887 msgid "B<Q_SETQUOTA>"
10888 msgstr "B<Q_SETQUOTA>"
10890 #. type: Plain text
10891 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:218
10893 "Set quota information for user or group I<id>, using the information "
10894 "supplied in the I<dqblk> structure pointed to by I<addr>. The I<dqb_valid> "
10895 "field of the I<dqblk> structure indicates which entries in the structure "
10896 "have been set by the caller. This operation supersedes the B<Q_SETQLIM> and "
10897 "B<Q_SETUSE> operations in the previous quota interfaces. This operation "
10898 "requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
10902 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:218
10904 msgid "B<Q_GETINFO>"
10905 msgstr "B<Q_GETINFO>"
10907 #. type: Plain text
10908 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:229
10911 #| "Get limits and current usage of disk space. The I<addr> argument is a "
10912 #| "pointer to a dqblk structure (defined in I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>)."
10914 "Get information (like grace times) about quotafile. The I<addr> argument "
10915 "should be a pointer to a I<dqinfo> structure. This structure is defined in "
10916 "I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>> as follows:"
10918 "ディスク使用量の制限値と現在の使用量を得る。 I<addr> 引き数は (I<E<lt>sys/"
10919 "quota.hE<gt>> で定義された) dqblk 構造体を指すポインタである。"
10921 #. type: Plain text
10922 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:238
10925 "struct dqinfo { /* Defined since kernel 2.4.22 */\n"
10926 " uint64_t dqi_bgrace; /* Time before block soft limit\n"
10927 " becomes hard limit */\n"
10930 #. type: Plain text
10931 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:245
10934 " uint64_t dqi_igrace; /* Time before inode soft limit\n"
10935 " becomes hard limit */\n"
10936 " uint32_t dqi_flags; /* Flags for quotafile\n"
10938 " uint32_t dqi_valid;\n"
10942 #. type: Plain text
10943 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:247
10945 msgid "/* Bits for dqi_flags */\n"
10948 #. type: Plain text
10949 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:249
10951 msgid "/* Quota format QFMT_VFS_OLD */\n"
10954 #. type: Plain text
10955 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:251
10957 msgid "#define V1_DQF_RSQUASH\t1 /* Root squash enabled */\n"
10960 #. type: Plain text
10961 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:253
10963 msgid "/* Other quota formats have no dqi_flags bits defined */\n"
10966 #. type: Plain text
10967 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:256
10970 "/* Flags in dqi_valid that indicate which fields in\n"
10971 " dqinfo structure are valid. */\n"
10974 #. type: Plain text
10975 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:261
10978 "# define IIF_BGRACE\t1\n"
10979 "# define IIF_IGRACE\t2\n"
10980 "# define IIF_FLAGS\t4\n"
10981 "# define IIF_ALL (IIF_BGRACE | IIF_IGRACE | IIF_FLAGS)\n"
10984 #. type: Plain text
10985 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:277
10987 "The I<dqi_valid> field in the I<dqinfo> structure indicates the entries in "
10988 "the structure that are valid. Currently, the kernel fills in all entries of "
10989 "the I<dqinfo> structure and marks them all as valid in the I<dqi_valid> "
10990 "field. The I<id> argument is ignored."
10994 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:277
10996 msgid "B<Q_SETINFO>"
10997 msgstr "B<Q_SETINFO>"
10999 #. type: Plain text
11000 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:301
11002 "Set information about quotafile. The I<addr> argument should be a pointer "
11003 "to a I<dqinfo> structure. The I<dqi_valid> field of the I<dqinfo> structure "
11004 "indicates the entries in the structure that have been set by the caller. "
11005 "This operation supersedes the B<Q_SETGRACE> and B<Q_SETFLAGS> operations in "
11006 "the previous quota interfaces. The I<id> argument is ignored. This "
11007 "operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
11011 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:301
11013 msgid "B<Q_GETFMT>"
11014 msgstr "B<Q_GETFMT>"
11016 #. type: Plain text
11017 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:308
11019 "Get quota format used on the specified filesystem. The I<addr> argument "
11020 "should be a pointer to a 4-byte buffer where the format number will be "
11025 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:308
11030 #. type: Plain text
11031 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:319
11033 "Update the on-disk copy of quota usages for a filesystem. If I<special> is "
11034 "NULL, then all filesystems with active quotas are sync'ed. The I<addr> and "
11035 "I<id> arguments are ignored."
11039 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:319
11041 msgid "B<Q_GETSTATS>"
11042 msgstr "B<Q_GETSTATS>"
11044 #. Q_GETSTATS was removed in kernel 2.4.22.
11045 #. type: Plain text
11046 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:339
11048 "Get statistics and other generic information about the quota subsystem. The "
11049 "I<addr> argument should be a pointer to a I<dqstats> structure in which data "
11050 "should be stored. This structure is defined in I<E<lt>sys/quota.hE<gt>>. "
11051 "The I<special> and I<id> arguments are ignored. This operation is obsolete "
11052 "and not supported by recent kernels. Files in I</proc/sys/fs/quota/> carry "
11053 "the information instead."
11056 #. type: Plain text
11057 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:342
11059 "For XFS filesystems making use of the XFS Quota Manager (XQM), the above "
11060 "commands are bypassed and the following commands are used:"
11064 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:342
11066 msgid "B<Q_XQUOTAON>"
11067 msgstr "B<Q_XQUOTAON>"
11069 #. type: Plain text
11070 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:363
11072 "Turn on quotas for an XFS filesystem. XFS provides the ability to turn on/"
11073 "off quota limit enforcement with quota accounting. Therefore, XFS expects "
11074 "I<addr> to be a pointer to an I<unsigned int> that contains either the flags "
11075 "B<XFS_QUOTA_UDQ_ACCT> and/or B<XFS_QUOTA_UDQ_ENFD> (for user quota), or "
11076 "B<XFS_QUOTA_GDQ_ACCT> and/or B<XFS_QUOTA_GDQ_ENFD> (for group quota), as "
11077 "defined in I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>. This operation requires privilege "
11078 "(B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
11082 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:363
11084 msgid "B<Q_XQUOTAOFF>"
11085 msgstr "B<Q_XQUOTAOFF>"
11087 #. type: Plain text
11088 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:374
11090 "Turn off quotas for an XFS filesystem. As with B<Q_QUOTAON>, XFS "
11091 "filesystems expect a pointer to an I<unsigned int> that specifies whether "
11092 "quota accounting and/or limit enforcement need to be turned off. This "
11093 "operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
11097 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:374
11099 msgid "B<Q_XGETQUOTA>"
11100 msgstr "B<Q_XGETQUOTA>"
11102 #. type: Plain text
11103 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:388
11105 "Get disk quota limits and current usage for user I<id>. The I<addr> "
11106 "argument is a pointer to an I<fs_disk_quota> structure (defined in "
11107 "I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>). Unprivileged users may retrieve only their own "
11108 "quotas; a privileged user (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) may retrieve the quotas of any "
11113 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:388
11115 msgid "B<Q_XSETQLIM>"
11116 msgstr "B<Q_XSETQLIM>"
11118 #. type: Plain text
11119 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:400
11121 "Set disk quota limits for user I<id>. The I<addr> argument is a pointer to "
11122 "an I<fs_disk_quota> structure (defined in I<E<lt>xfs/xqm.hE<gt>>). This "
11123 "operation requires privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)."
11127 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:400
11129 msgid "B<Q_XGETQSTAT>"
11130 msgstr "B<Q_XGETQSTAT>"
11132 #. type: Plain text
11133 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:408
11135 "Returns an I<fs_quota_stat> structure containing XFS filesystem-specific "
11136 "quota information. This is useful for finding out how much space is used to "
11137 "store quota information, and also to get quotaon/off status of a given local "
11142 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:408
11144 msgid "B<Q_XQUOTARM>"
11145 msgstr "B<Q_XQUOTARM>"
11147 #. type: Plain text
11148 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:412
11150 "Free the disk space taken by disk quotas. Quotas must have already been "
11154 #. type: Plain text
11155 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:419
11157 "There is no command equivalent to B<Q_SYNC> for XFS since B<sync>(1) writes "
11158 "quota information to disk (in addition to the other filesystem metadata that "
11162 #. type: Plain text
11163 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:427
11165 "On success, B<quotactl>() returns 0; on error -1 is returned, and I<errno> "
11166 "is set to indicate the error."
11168 "成功すると、 B<quotactl>() は 0 を返す。\n"
11169 "エラーの場合、-1 を返し、 I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
11171 #. type: Plain text
11172 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:434
11173 msgid "I<addr> or I<special> is invalid."
11176 #. type: Plain text
11177 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:440
11178 msgid "I<cmd> or I<type> is invalid."
11182 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:440
11187 #. type: Plain text
11188 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:447
11189 msgid "The file specified by I<special> or I<addr> does not exist."
11192 #. type: Plain text
11193 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:452
11194 msgid "The kernel has not been compiled with the B<CONFIG_QUOTA> option."
11198 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:452
11201 msgstr "B<ENOTBLK>"
11203 #. type: Plain text
11204 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:456
11205 msgid "I<special> is not a block device."
11206 msgstr "I<special> がブロックデバイスではない。"
11208 #. type: Plain text
11209 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:461
11211 "The caller lacked the required privilege (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) for the "
11212 "specified operation."
11215 #. type: Plain text
11216 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:465
11218 "No disk quota is found for the indicated user. Quotas have not been turned "
11219 "on for this filesystem."
11222 #. type: Plain text
11223 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:474
11224 msgid "If I<cmd> is B<Q_SETQUOTA>, B<quotactl>() may also set I<errno> to:"
11227 #. type: Plain text
11228 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:477
11229 msgid "Specified limits are out of range allowed by quota format."
11232 #. type: Plain text
11233 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:486
11234 msgid "If I<cmd> is B<Q_QUOTAON>, B<quotactl>() may also set I<errno> to:"
11237 #. type: Plain text
11238 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:495
11240 "The quota file pointed to by I<addr> exists, but is not a regular file; or, "
11241 "the quota file pointed to by I<addr> exists, but is not on the filesystem "
11242 "pointed to by I<special>."
11245 #. type: Plain text
11246 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:501
11248 "B<Q_QUOTAON> attempted, but another B<Q_QUOTAON> had already been performed."
11251 #. type: Plain text
11252 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:504
11253 msgid "The quota file is corrupted."
11254 msgstr "quota ファイルが壊れている。"
11256 #. type: Plain text
11257 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:507
11258 msgid "Specified quota format was not found."
11261 #. type: Plain text
11262 #: build/C/man2/quotactl.2:512
11263 msgid "B<quota>(1), B<getrlimit>(2), B<quotacheck>(8), B<quotaon>(8)"
11264 msgstr "B<quota>(1), B<getrlimit>(2), B<quotacheck>(8), B<quotaon>(8)"
11267 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19
11273 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:19
11276 msgstr "2011-09-14"
11278 #. type: Plain text
11279 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:22
11280 msgid "sendfile - transfer data between file descriptors"
11281 msgstr "sendfile - ファイル・ディスクリプタ間でデータを転送する"
11283 #. type: Plain text
11284 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:24
11285 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>>"
11286 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>>"
11288 #. The below is too ugly. Comments about glibc versions belong
11289 #. in the notes, not in the header.
11290 #. .B #include <features.h>
11292 #. .B #if (__GLIBC__==2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__>=1) || __GLIBC__>2
11294 #. .B #include <sys/sendfile.h>
11298 #. .B #include <sys/types.h>
11300 #. .B /* No system prototype before glibc 2.1. */
11302 #. .BI "ssize_t sendfile(int" " out_fd" ", int" " in_fd" ", off_t *" #. offset ", size_t" " count" )
11305 #. type: Plain text
11306 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:47
11308 "B<ssize_t sendfile(int>I< out_fd>B<, int>I< in_fd>B<, off_t *>I<offset>B<, "
11309 "size_t>I< count>B<);>"
11311 "B<ssize_t sendfile(int>I< out_fd>B<, int>I< in_fd>B<, off_t *>I<offset>B<, "
11312 "size_t>I< count>B<);>"
11314 #. type: Plain text
11315 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:57
11317 "B<sendfile>() copies data between one file descriptor and another. Because "
11318 "this copying is done within the kernel, B<sendfile>() is more efficient "
11319 "than the combination of B<read>(2) and B<write>(2), which would require "
11320 "transferring data to and from user space."
11322 "B<sendfile>() は、あるファイル・ディスクリプタから別の ファイル・ディスクリ"
11323 "プタへのデータのコピーを行う。 このコピーはカーネル内で行われるので、 "
11324 "B<sendfile>() は、 B<read>(2) と B<write>(2) を組み合わせるよりも効率がよ"
11325 "い。 B<read>(2) や B<write>(2) ではユーザ空間との間でデータの転送が必要とな"
11328 #. type: Plain text
11329 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:62
11331 "I<in_fd> should be a file descriptor opened for reading and I<out_fd> should "
11332 "be a descriptor opened for writing."
11334 "I<in_fd> は読み込みのためにオープンされたファイル・ディスクリプタ、 "
11335 "I<out_fd> は書き込みのためにオープンされたディスクリプタでなければならない。"
11337 #. type: Plain text
11338 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:83
11340 "If I<offset> is not NULL, then it points to a variable holding the file "
11341 "offset from which B<sendfile>() will start reading data from I<in_fd>. "
11342 "When B<sendfile>() returns, this variable will be set to the offset of the "
11343 "byte following the last byte that was read. If I<offset> is not NULL, then "
11344 "B<sendfile>() does not modify the current file offset of I<in_fd>; "
11345 "otherwise the current file offset is adjusted to reflect the number of bytes "
11346 "read from I<in_fd>."
11348 "I<offset> が NULL でない場合、 I<offset> は B<sendfile>() が I<in_fd> のどこ"
11349 "からデータを読み始めるかを示すファイル・オフセットを保持する変数への ポインタ"
11350 "である。 B<sendfile>() は復帰する時、この変数に最後に読み込んだバイトの 次の"
11351 "バイトのオフセットを書き込む。 I<offset> が NULL でない場合、 B<sendfile>() "
11352 "は I<in_fd> のファイル・オフセットの現在値を変更しない。 NULL の場合は、ファ"
11353 "イル・オフセットの現在値を I<in_fd> から読み込んだバイト数を反映した位置に調"
11356 #. type: Plain text
11357 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:90
11359 "If I<offset> is NULL, then data will be read from I<in_fd> starting at the "
11360 "current file offset, and the file offset will be updated by the call."
11362 "I<offset> が NULL の場合、データは I<in_fd> の現在のファイル・オフセットから"
11363 "読み出され、 ファイル・オフセットはこの呼び出しで更新される。"
11365 #. type: Plain text
11366 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:93
11367 msgid "I<count> is the number of bytes to copy between the file descriptors."
11368 msgstr "I<count> は、ファイル・ディスクリプタ間でコピーするバイト数である。"
11370 #. type: Plain text
11371 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:100
11373 "The I<in_fd> argument must correspond to a file which supports B<mmap>(2)-"
11374 "like operations (i.e., it cannot be a socket)."
11376 "I<in_fd> 引き数は B<mmap>(2) 風の操作ができるファイルを指していなければなら"
11378 "い (ソケットを指定することはできない)。"
11380 #. type: Plain text
11381 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:108
11383 "In Linux kernels before 2.6.33, I<out_fd> must refer to a socket. Since "
11384 "Linux 2.6.33 it can be any file. If it is a regular file, then B<sendfile>"
11385 "() changes the file offset appropriately."
11387 "2.6.33 より前の Linux カーネルでは I<out_fd> はソケットを参照していなければ"
11389 "らない。Linux 2.6.33 以降では、任意のファイルを参照することができる。\n"
11390 "通常のファイルの場合には B<sendfile>() はファイルオフセットを適切に変更する。"
11392 #. type: Plain text
11393 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:115
11395 "If the transfer was successful, the number of bytes written to I<out_fd> is "
11396 "returned. On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set appropriately."
11398 "転送に成功した場合、 I<out_fd> に書き込まれたバイト数を返す。エラーの場"
11399 "合、-1 を返し、 I<errno> に適切な値を設定する。"
11401 #. type: Plain text
11402 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:121
11404 "Nonblocking I/O has been selected using B<O_NONBLOCK> and the write would "
11407 "B<O_NONBLOCK> を用いて非ブロック I/O が選択されたが、書き込みがブロックされ"
11411 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:121 build/C/man2/splice.2:143
11412 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:123
11417 #. type: Plain text
11418 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:125
11420 "The input file was not opened for reading or the output file was not opened "
11423 "入力ファイルが読み込みのためにオープンされていないか、 出力ファイルが書き込み"
11426 #. type: Plain text
11427 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:128
11428 msgid "Bad address."
11429 msgstr "アドレスがおかしい。"
11431 #. type: Plain text
11432 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:134
11434 "Descriptor is not valid or locked, or an B<mmap>(2)-like operation is not "
11435 "available for I<in_fd>."
11437 "ディスクリプタが有効でないか、ロックされている。もしくは B<mmap>(2) 風の操作"
11438 "が I<in_fd> では利用できない。"
11440 #. type: Plain text
11441 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:138
11442 msgid "Unspecified error while reading from I<in_fd>."
11443 msgstr "I<in_fd> から読み込んでいるうちに予期しないエラーが起こった。"
11445 #. type: Plain text
11446 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:142
11447 msgid "Insufficient memory to read from I<in_fd>."
11448 msgstr "I<in_fd> から読み込むための十分なメモリがない。"
11450 #. type: Plain text
11451 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:148
11453 "B<sendfile>() is a new feature in Linux 2.2. The include file I<E<lt>sys/"
11454 "sendfile.hE<gt>> is present since glibc 2.1."
11456 "B<sendfile> は Linux 2.2 の新しい機能である。 インクルードファイル "
11457 "I<E<lt>sys/sendfile.hE<gt>> は glibc 2.1 から存在している。"
11459 #. type: Plain text
11460 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:150
11461 msgid "Not specified in POSIX.1-2001, or other standards."
11462 msgstr "POSIX.1-2001 や他の標準では規定されていない。"
11464 #. type: Plain text
11465 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:155
11467 "Other UNIX systems implement B<sendfile>() with different semantics and "
11468 "prototypes. It should not be used in portable programs."
11470 "他の UNIX システムでは、異なった方式やプロトタイプで B<sendfile>() を実装し"
11471 "ている。移植性を考慮したプログラムでは使用すべきではない。"
11473 #. type: Plain text
11474 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:165
11476 "If you plan to use B<sendfile>() for sending files to a TCP socket, but "
11477 "need to send some header data in front of the file contents, you will find "
11478 "it useful to employ the B<TCP_CORK> option, described in B<tcp>(7), to "
11479 "minimize the number of packets and to tune performance."
11481 "B<sendfile>() を使って TCP ソケットにファイルを送ろうとしていて、 ファイルの"
11482 "内容の前にヘッダ・データを付け加える必要がある場合は、 パケット数を最小にして"
11483 "性能を上げるために B<tcp>(7) に記述されている B<TCP_CORK> オプションを使うと"
11486 #. type: Plain text
11487 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:171
11489 "In Linux 2.4 and earlier, I<out_fd> could also refer to a regular file, and "
11490 "B<sendfile>() changed the current offset of that file."
11492 "Linux 2.4 とそれ以前のバージョンでも、 I<out_fd> は通常のファイルを参照で"
11494 "B<sendfile>() はそのファイルのオフセットの現在値を変更していた。"
11496 #. type: Plain text
11497 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:183
11499 "The original Linux B<sendfile>() system call was not designed to handle "
11500 "large file offsets. Consequently, Linux 2.4 added B<sendfile64>(), with a "
11501 "wider type for the I<offset> argument. The glibc B<sendfile>() wrapper "
11502 "function transparently deals with the kernel differences."
11504 "元々の Linux B<sendfile>() システムコールは大きなファイルオフセットを\n"
11505 "扱えるように設計されていなかった。その結果、Linux 2.4 で、\n"
11506 "ビット幅の大きな I<offset> 引き数を持った B<sendfile64>() が追加された。\n"
11507 "glibc の B<sendfile>() のラッパー関数はカーネルによるこの違いを吸収している。"
11509 #. type: Plain text
11510 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:192
11512 "Applications may wish to fall back to B<read>(2)/B<write>(2) in the case "
11513 "where B<sendfile>() fails with B<EINVAL> or B<ENOSYS>."
11515 "B<sendfile>() が B<EINVAL> や B<ENOSYS> で失敗するような場合は、 アプリケー"
11516 "ションは B<read>(2)/B<write>(2) に戻すことを考えてもよいかもしれない。"
11518 #. type: Plain text
11519 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:197
11521 "The Linux-specific B<splice>(2) call supports transferring data between "
11522 "arbitrary files (e.g., a pair of sockets)."
11524 "Linux 固有の B<splice>(2) システムコールは、任意のファイル間 (例えば、\n"
11525 "ソケット同士) でのデータ転送をサポートしている。"
11527 #. type: Plain text
11528 #: build/C/man2/sendfile.2:202
11529 msgid "B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<socket>(2), B<splice>(2)"
11530 msgstr "B<mmap>(2), B<open>(2), B<socket>(2), B<splice>(2)"
11533 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25
11535 msgid "SET_TID_ADDRESS"
11536 msgstr "SET_TID_ADDRESS"
11539 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:25
11542 msgstr "2012-07-19"
11544 #. type: Plain text
11545 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:28
11546 msgid "set_tid_address - set pointer to thread ID"
11547 msgstr "set_tid_address - スレッド ID へのポインタを設定する"
11549 #. type: Plain text
11550 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:31
11552 msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/unistd.hE<gt>>\n"
11553 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>linux/unistd.hE<gt>>\n"
11555 #. type: Plain text
11556 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:33
11558 msgid "B<long set_tid_address(int *>I<tidptr>B<);>\n"
11559 msgstr "B<long set_tid_address(int *>I<tidptr>B<);>\n"
11561 #. type: Plain text
11562 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:40
11564 "For each process, the kernel maintains two attributes (addresses) called "
11565 "I<set_child_tid> and I<clear_child_tid>. These two attributes contain the "
11566 "value NULL by default."
11568 "各プロセスについて、カーネルは I<set_child_tid> と I<clear_child_tid> という "
11569 "2 つの属性を保持する。この 2 つの属性はデフォルトでは NULL である。"
11572 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:40
11574 msgid "I<set_child_tid>"
11575 msgstr "I<set_child_tid>"
11577 #. type: Plain text
11578 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:51
11580 "If a process is started using B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_CHILD_SETTID> "
11581 "flag, I<set_child_tid> is set to the value passed in the I<ctid> argument of "
11582 "that system call."
11584 "プロセスが B<CLONE_CHILD_SETTID> フラグを指定した B<clone>(2) によって開始さ"
11585 "れた場合、 I<set_child_tid> は B<clone>(2) のシステムコールの I<ctid> 引き数"
11588 #. type: Plain text
11589 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:56
11591 "When I<set_child_tid> is set, the very first thing the new process does is "
11592 "writing its PID at this address."
11594 "I<set_child_tid> が設定された場合、一番最初に新しいプロセスが行うことは、 こ"
11595 "のアドレスに自身の PID を書き込むことである。"
11598 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:56
11600 msgid "I<clear_child_tid>"
11601 msgstr "I<clear_child_tid>"
11603 #. type: Plain text
11604 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:67
11606 "If a process is started using B<clone>(2) with the B<CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID> "
11607 "flag, I<clear_child_tid> is set to the value passed in the I<ctid> argument "
11608 "of that system call."
11610 "プロセスが B<CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID> フラグを指定した B<clone>(2) によって開始"
11611 "された場合、 I<clear_child_tid> は B<clone>(2) のシステムコールの I<ctid> 引"
11614 #. type: Plain text
11615 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:74
11617 "The system call B<set_tid_address>() sets the I<clear_child_tid> value for "
11618 "the calling process to I<tidptr>."
11620 "システムコール B<set_tid_address>() は呼び出し元プロセスの "
11621 "I<clear_child_tid> の値を I<tidptr> に設定する。"
11623 #. type: Plain text
11624 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:82
11626 "When a process whose I<clear_child_tid> is not NULL terminates, then, if the "
11627 "process is sharing memory with other processes or threads, then 0 is written "
11628 "at the address specified in I<clear_child_tid> and the kernel performs the "
11629 "following operation:"
11631 "I<clear_child_tid> が NULL でないプロセスが終了すると、そのプロセスが他のプロ"
11632 "セスまたはスレッドとメモリを共有していれば、 I<clear_child_tid> で指定された"
11633 "アドレスに 0 が書き込まれ、カーネルは以下の処理を実行する。"
11635 #. type: Plain text
11636 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:84
11638 msgid " futex(clear_child_tid, FUTEX_WAKE, 1, NULL, NULL, 0);\n"
11639 msgstr " futex(clear_child_tid, FUTEX_WAKE, 1, NULL, NULL, 0);\n"
11641 #. type: Plain text
11642 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:88
11644 "The effect of this operation is to wake a single process that is performing "
11645 "a futex wait on the memory location. Errors from the futex wake operation "
11648 "この処理の結果、このメモリアドレスに対する futex wait を実行しているプロセス"
11649 "を一つ起こす (wake)。 futex wake 操作でのエラーは無視される。"
11651 #. type: Plain text
11652 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:91
11653 msgid "B<set_tid_address>() always returns the PID of the calling process."
11654 msgstr "B<set_tid_address>() は常に現在のプロセスの PID を返す。"
11656 #. type: Plain text
11657 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:94
11658 msgid "B<set_tid_address>() always succeeds."
11659 msgstr "B<set_tid_address>() は常に成功する。"
11661 #. type: Plain text
11662 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:97
11664 "This call is present since Linux 2.5.48. Details as given here are valid "
11665 "since Linux 2.5.49."
11667 "この呼び出しは Linux 2.5.48 以降で存在する。 ここで書かれた詳細は Linux "
11670 #. type: Plain text
11671 #: build/C/man2/set_tid_address.2:102
11672 msgid "B<clone>(2), B<futex>(2)"
11673 msgstr "B<clone>(2), B<futex>(2)"
11676 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:26
11682 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:26 build/C/man2/tee.2:26 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
11685 msgstr "2012-05-04"
11687 #. type: Plain text
11688 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:29
11689 msgid "splice - splice data to/from a pipe"
11690 msgstr "splice - パイプとの間でデータを継ぎ合わせる"
11692 #. type: Plain text
11693 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:33 build/C/man2/tee.2:33
11696 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
11697 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
11699 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* feature_test_macros(7) 参照 */\n"
11700 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
11702 #. Return type was long before glibc 2.7
11703 #. type: Plain text
11704 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:38
11707 "B<ssize_t splice(int >I<fd_in>B<, loff_t *>I<off_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<,>\n"
11708 "B< loff_t *>I<off_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
11710 "B<ssize_t splice(int >I<fd_in>B<, loff_t *>I<off_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<,>\n"
11711 "B< loff_t *>I<off_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
11713 #. type: Plain text
11714 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:50
11716 "B<splice>() moves data between two file descriptors without copying between "
11717 "kernel address space and user address space. It transfers up to I<len> "
11718 "bytes of data from the file descriptor I<fd_in> to the file descriptor "
11719 "I<fd_out>, where one of the descriptors must refer to a pipe."
11721 "B<splice>() は、カーネルアドレス空間とユーザアドレス空間との間のコピーを伴わ"
11722 "ずに、 2 つのファイルディスクリプタ間でデータの移動を行う。 ファイルディスク"
11723 "リプタ I<fd_in> からファイルディスクリプタ I<fd_out> へ最大 I<len> バイトを転"
11724 "送する。 2 つのファイルディスクリプタのうち一つは パイプを参照していなければ"
11727 #. type: Plain text
11728 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:80
11730 "If I<fd_in> refers to a pipe, then I<off_in> must be NULL. If I<fd_in> does "
11731 "not refer to a pipe and I<off_in> is NULL, then bytes are read from I<fd_in> "
11732 "starting from the current file offset, and the current file offset is "
11733 "adjusted appropriately. If I<fd_in> does not refer to a pipe and I<off_in> "
11734 "is not NULL, then I<off_in> must point to a buffer which specifies the "
11735 "starting offset from which bytes will be read from I<fd_in>; in this case, "
11736 "the current file offset of I<fd_in> is not changed. Analogous statements "
11737 "apply for I<fd_out> and I<off_out>."
11739 "I<fd_in> がパイプを参照している場合、 I<off_in> は NULL でなければならない。 "
11740 "I<fd_in> がパイプを参照しておらず、 I<off_in> が NULL の場合、 I<fd_in> の現"
11741 "在のファイルオフセットから始まるバイトを読み出す。 現在のファイルオフセットは"
11742 "適切に調整される。 I<fd_in> がパイプを参照しておらず、 I<off_in> が NULL でな"
11743 "い場合、 I<off_in> は I<fd_in> からのデータ読み出しを開始する先頭オフセットを"
11744 "格納したバッファ へのポインタでなければならない。この場合、 I<fd_in> の現在の"
11745 "ファイルオフセットは変更されない。 I<fd_out> と I<off_out> に関しても同様であ"
11748 #. type: Plain text
11749 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:85 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:78
11751 "The I<flags> argument is a bit mask that is composed by ORing together zero "
11752 "or more of the following values:"
11754 "I<flags> 引き数には、以下の値の 0 個以上をビット毎の論理和の形で指定する。"
11757 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:85 build/C/man2/tee.2:62 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:78
11759 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_MOVE>"
11760 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_MOVE>"
11762 #. type: Plain text
11763 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:98
11765 "Attempt to move pages instead of copying. This is only a hint to the "
11766 "kernel: pages may still be copied if the kernel cannot move the pages from "
11767 "the pipe, or if the pipe buffers don't refer to full pages. The initial "
11768 "implementation of this flag was buggy: therefore starting in Linux 2.6.21 it "
11769 "is a no-op (but is still permitted in a B<splice>() call); in the future, a "
11770 "correct implementation may be restored."
11772 "ページのコピーでなく移動を試みる。 これはカーネルに対するヒントでしかない。 "
11773 "つまり、カーネルがパイプからページを移動できない場合や、 パイプバッファがペー"
11774 "ジ全部を参照していない場合は、 ページのコピーが行われることもある。 このフラ"
11775 "グの最初の実装にはバグがあった。そのため、 Linux 2.6.21 以降ではこのフラグの"
11776 "操作はできないようになっている (ただし、 B<splice>() コールでこのフラグを指"
11777 "定することは今も認められている)。 将来、正しい実装が行われることだろう。"
11780 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:98 build/C/man2/tee.2:68 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:84
11782 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK>"
11783 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK>"
11785 #. type: Plain text
11786 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:107
11788 "Do not block on I/O. This makes the splice pipe operations nonblocking, but "
11789 "B<splice>() may nevertheless block because the file descriptors that are "
11790 "spliced to/from may block (unless they have the B<O_NONBLOCK> flag set)."
11792 "入出力時に停止 (block) しない。 このフラグを指定すると、 splice によるパイプ"
11793 "操作を非停止モード (nonblocking) で 行おうとするが、その場合でも B<splice>"
11794 "() は停止することもある。なぜなら、データのやり取りを行う ファイルディスクリ"
11795 "プタは (B<O_NONBLOCK> フラグをセットされていない場合) 停止する可能性があるか"
11799 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:107 build/C/man2/tee.2:73 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:91
11801 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_MORE>"
11802 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_MORE>"
11804 #. type: Plain text
11805 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:121
11807 "More data will be coming in a subsequent splice. This is a helpful hint "
11808 "when the I<fd_out> refers to a socket (see also the description of "
11809 "B<MSG_MORE> in B<send>(2), and the description of B<TCP_CORK> in B<tcp>(7))"
11811 "この後の splice でさらに転送されるデータがあることを示す。 このフラグは "
11812 "I<fd_out> がソケットを参照している場合に有用なヒントとなる (B<send>(2) の "
11813 "B<MSG_MORE> や B<tcp>(7) の B<TCP_CORK> の説明も参照)。"
11816 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:121 build/C/man2/tee.2:79 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:97
11818 msgid "B<SPLICE_F_GIFT>"
11819 msgstr "B<SPLICE_F_GIFT>"
11821 #. type: Plain text
11822 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:127
11823 msgid "Unused for B<splice>(); see B<vmsplice>(2)."
11824 msgstr "B<splice>() では使用しない。 B<vmsplice>(2) 参照。"
11826 #. type: Plain text
11827 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:136
11829 "Upon successful completion, B<splice>() returns the number of bytes spliced "
11830 "to or from the pipe. A return value of 0 means that there was no data to "
11831 "transfer, and it would not make sense to block, because there are no writers "
11832 "connected to the write end of the pipe referred to by I<fd_in>."
11834 "成功して完了すると、 B<splice>() はパイプから出し入れしたバイト数を返す。 返"
11835 "り値 0 はデータの転送が行わなかったことを示す。 この場合、処理を停止 (block) "
11836 "しても無意味である。 なぜなら、 I<fd_in> が参照するパイプの書き込み側に接続さ"
11839 #. type: Plain text
11840 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:142
11842 "On error, B<splice>() returns -1 and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
11844 "エラーの場合、 B<splice>() は -1 を返し、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値を設定す"
11847 #. type: Plain text
11848 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:147
11850 "One or both file descriptors are not valid, or do not have proper read-write "
11853 "ファイルディスクリプタの一方または両方が有効ではない、 もしくは適切な read-"
11856 #. The append-mode error is given since 2.6.27; in earlier kernels,
11857 #. splice() in append mode was broken
11858 #. type: Plain text
11859 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:155
11861 "Target filesystem doesn't support splicing; target file is opened in append "
11862 "mode; neither of the descriptors refers to a pipe; or offset given for "
11863 "nonseekable device."
11865 "対象のファイルシステムが splice に対応していない、 または対象のファイルが追記"
11866 "モードでオープンされている、 またはディスクリプタのどちらもパイプを参照してい"
11867 "ない、 または seek できないデバイスに対してオフセットが指定された。"
11869 #. type: Plain text
11870 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:158 build/C/man2/tee.2:114
11871 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:138
11872 msgid "Out of memory."
11876 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:158
11881 #. type: Plain text
11882 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:165
11884 "Either I<off_in> or I<off_out> was not NULL, but the corresponding file "
11885 "descriptor refers to a pipe."
11887 "I<off_in> か I<off_out> のいずれかが NULL ではないが、対応するファイルディス"
11888 "クリプタが パイプを参照している。"
11890 #. type: Plain text
11891 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:170
11893 "The B<splice>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17; library support "
11894 "was added to glibc in version 2.5."
11896 "B<splice>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で初めて登場した。\n"
11897 "ライブラリによるサポートは glibc バージョン 2.5 で追加された。"
11899 #. type: Plain text
11900 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:182
11902 "The three system calls B<splice>(), B<vmsplice>(2), and B<tee>(2), provide "
11903 "user-space programs with full control over an arbitrary kernel buffer, "
11904 "implemented within the kernel using the same type of buffer that is used for "
11905 "a pipe. In overview, these system calls perform the following tasks:"
11907 "3 つのシステムコール (B<splice>(), B<vmsplice>(2), B<tee>(2)) を使うと、ユー"
11908 "ザ空間プログラムは任意のカーネルバッファに対する 完全な制御ができる。カーネル"
11909 "バッファは、パイプに使用されているのと 同種のバッファを使ってカーネル内に実装"
11910 "されている。 大まかにいうと、これらのシステムコールは以下の仕事を行う:"
11913 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:182
11915 msgid "B<splice>()"
11916 msgstr "B<splice>()"
11918 #. type: Plain text
11919 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:186
11921 "moves data from the buffer to an arbitrary file descriptor, or vice versa, "
11922 "or from one buffer to another."
11924 "バッファから任意のファイルディスクリプタや、その逆方向、 もしくはあるバッファ"
11925 "から別のバッファへの、データ移動を行う。"
11928 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:186
11933 #. type: Plain text
11934 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:189
11935 msgid "\"copies\" the data from one buffer to another."
11936 msgstr "あるバッファから別のバッファへのデータ「コピー」を行う。"
11939 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:189
11941 msgid "B<vmsplice>(2)"
11942 msgstr "B<vmsplice>(2)"
11944 #. type: Plain text
11945 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:192
11946 msgid "\"copies\" data from user space into the buffer."
11947 msgstr "ユーザ空間からバッファへのデータ「コピー」を行う。"
11949 #. Linus: Now, imagine using the above in a media server, for example.
11950 #. Let's say that a year or two has passed, so that the video drivers
11951 #. have been updated to be able to do the splice thing, and what can
11952 #. you do? You can:
11953 #. - splice from the (mpeg or whatever - let's just assume that the video
11954 #. input is either digital or does the encoding on its own - like they
11955 #. pretty much all do) video input into a pipe (remember: no copies - the
11956 #. video input will just DMA directly into memory, and splice will just
11957 #. set up the pages in the pipe buffer)
11958 #. - tee that pipe to split it up
11959 #. - splice one end to a file (ie "save the compressed stream to disk")
11960 #. - splice the other end to a real-time video decoder window for your
11961 #. real-time viewing pleasure.
11962 #. Linus: Now, the advantage of splice()/tee() is that you can
11963 #. do zero-copy movement of data, and unlike sendfile() you can
11964 #. do it on _arbitrary_ data (and, as shown by "tee()", it's more
11965 #. than just sending the data to somebody else: you can duplicate
11966 #. the data and choose to forward it to two or more different
11967 #. users - for things like logging etc.).
11968 #. type: Plain text
11969 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:223
11971 "Though we talk of copying, actual copies are generally avoided. The kernel "
11972 "does this by implementing a pipe buffer as a set of reference-counted "
11973 "pointers to pages of kernel memory. The kernel creates \"copies\" of pages "
11974 "in a buffer by creating new pointers (for the output buffer) referring to "
11975 "the pages, and increasing the reference counts for the pages: only pointers "
11976 "are copied, not the pages of the buffer."
11978 "ここではコピーの話をしているが、実際のコピーは一般的に回避される。 カーネル"
11979 "は、パイプ・バッファをカーネルメモリのページへのポインタ集合として 実装し、"
11980 "ページへの参照回数を管理することで、これを実現している。 カーネルは、対象とな"
11981 "るページを参照する (出力バッファ用の) ポインタを 新規に作成することでバッファ"
11982 "内のページの「コピー」を作成し、 そのページの参照回数を増やす。つまり、ポイン"
11983 "タだけがコピーされ、 バッファのページはコピーされない。"
11985 #. type: Plain text
11986 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:226
11987 msgid "See B<tee>(2)."
11988 msgstr "B<tee>(2) 参照。"
11990 #. type: Plain text
11991 #: build/C/man2/splice.2:230
11992 msgid "B<sendfile>(2), B<tee>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
11993 msgstr "B<sendfile>(2), B<tee>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
11996 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:26
12001 #. type: Plain text
12002 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:29
12003 msgid "tee - duplicating pipe content"
12004 msgstr "tee - パイプの中身を複製する"
12006 #. type: Plain text
12007 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:36
12009 msgid "B<ssize_t tee(int >I<fd_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
12010 msgstr "B<ssize_t tee(int >I<fd_in>B<, int >I<fd_out>B<, size_t >I<len>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
12012 #. Example programs http://brick.kernel.dk/snaps
12013 #. add a "tee(in, out1, out2)" system call that duplicates the pages
12014 #. (again, incrementing their reference count, not copying the data) from
12015 #. one pipe to two other pipes.
12016 #. type: Plain text
12017 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:56
12019 "B<tee>() duplicates up to I<len> bytes of data from the pipe referred to by "
12020 "the file descriptor I<fd_in> to the pipe referred to by the file descriptor "
12021 "I<fd_out>. It does not consume the data that is duplicated from I<fd_in>; "
12022 "therefore, that data can be copied by a subsequent B<splice>(2)."
12024 "B<tee>() は、ファイルディスクリプタ I<fd_in> が参照するパイプからファイル"
12025 "ディスクリプタ I<fd_out> が参照するパイプへ最大 I<len> バイトのデータを複製す"
12026 "る。 この操作では、複製されるデータは I<fd_in> からは消費されない。したがっ"
12027 "て、これらのデータをこの後の B<splice>(2) でコピーすることができる。"
12029 #. type: Plain text
12030 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:62
12032 "I<flags> is a series of modifier flags, which share the name space with "
12033 "B<splice>(2) and B<vmsplice>(2):"
12035 "I<flags> は一連の修飾フラグであり、 B<splice>(2) や B<vmsplice>(2) と共通の"
12038 #. type: Plain text
12039 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:68
12040 msgid "Currently has no effect for B<tee>(); see B<splice>(2)."
12041 msgstr "現在のところ B<tee>() では何の効果もない。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
12043 #. Not used for vmsplice
12044 #. May be in the future -- therefore EAGAIN
12045 #. type: Plain text
12046 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:73 build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:91
12047 msgid "Do not block on I/O; see B<splice>(2) for further details."
12048 msgstr "入出力で停止 (block) しない。詳細は B<splice>(2) 参照。"
12050 #. type: Plain text
12051 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:79
12053 "Currently has no effect for B<tee>(), but may be implemented in the future; "
12054 "see B<splice>(2)."
12056 "現在のところ B<tee>() では何の効果もないが、将来的には実装される可能性があ"
12057 "る。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
12059 #. type: Plain text
12060 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:85
12061 msgid "Unused for B<tee>(); see B<vmsplice>(2)."
12062 msgstr "B<tee>() では未使用。 B<vmsplice>(2) 参照。"
12064 #. type: Plain text
12065 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:94
12067 "Upon successful completion, B<tee>() returns the number of bytes that were "
12068 "duplicated between the input and output. A return value of 0 means that "
12069 "there was no data to transfer, and it would not make sense to block, because "
12070 "there are no writers connected to the write end of the pipe referred to by "
12073 "成功して完了すると、 B<tee>() は入出力間で複製されたバイト数を返す。 返り値 "
12074 "0 はデータの転送が行われなかったことを示す。 この場合、処理を停止 (block) し"
12075 "ても無意味である。 なぜなら、 I<fd_in> が参照するパイプの書き込み側に接続され"
12078 #. type: Plain text
12079 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:100
12081 "On error, B<tee>() returns -1 and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
12083 "エラーの場合、 B<tee>() は -1 を返し、 I<errno> にエラーを示す値を設定する。"
12085 #. type: Plain text
12086 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:111
12088 "I<fd_in> or I<fd_out> does not refer to a pipe; or I<fd_in> and I<fd_out> "
12089 "refer to the same pipe."
12091 "I<fd_in> と I<fd_out> のどちらかがパイプを参照していない。もしくは I<fd_in> "
12092 "と I<fd_out> が同じパイプを参照している。"
12094 #. type: Plain text
12095 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:119
12097 "The B<tee>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17; library support "
12098 "was added to glibc in version 2.5."
12100 "B<tee>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で初めて登場した。\n"
12101 "ライブラリによるサポートは glibc バージョン 2.5 で追加された。"
12103 #. type: Plain text
12104 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:130
12106 "Conceptually, B<tee>() copies the data between the two pipes. In reality "
12107 "no real data copying takes place though: under the covers, B<tee>() assigns "
12108 "data in the output by merely grabbing a reference to the input."
12110 "概念としては、 B<tee>() は二つのパイプ間でデータのコピーを行う。 しかし、実"
12111 "際には実データのコピーは行われない。 内部では、 B<tee>() は入力側に対する参"
12112 "照だけを作成することで出力側にデータを 追加する。"
12114 #. type: Plain text
12115 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:136
12117 "The following example implements a basic B<tee>(1) program using the B<tee>"
12120 "以下の例は、 B<tee>() システムコールを使って、 基本的な B<tee>(1) プログラ"
12123 #. type: Plain text
12124 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:145
12127 "#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
12128 "#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
12129 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
12130 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
12131 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
12132 "#include E<lt>errno.hE<gt>\n"
12133 "#include E<lt>limits.hE<gt>\n"
12135 "#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
12136 "#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
12137 "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
12138 "#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
12139 "#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
12140 "#include E<lt>errno.hE<gt>\n"
12141 "#include E<lt>limits.hE<gt>\n"
12143 #. type: Plain text
12144 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:151
12148 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
12151 " int len, slen;\n"
12154 "main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
12157 " int len, slen;\n"
12159 #. type: Plain text
12160 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:156
12163 " if (argc != 2) {\n"
12164 " fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>fileE<gt>\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
12165 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
12168 " if (argc != 2) {\n"
12169 " fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>fileE<gt>\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
12170 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
12173 #. type: Plain text
12174 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:162
12177 " fd = open(argv[1], O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);\n"
12178 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
12179 " perror(\"open\");\n"
12180 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
12183 " fd = open(argv[1], O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);\n"
12184 " if (fd == -1) {\n"
12185 " perror(\"open\");\n"
12186 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
12189 #. type: Plain text
12190 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:169
12195 " * tee stdin to stdout.\n"
12197 " len = tee(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO,\n"
12198 " INT_MAX, SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK);\n"
12202 " * tee stdin to stdout.\n"
12204 " len = tee(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO,\n"
12205 " INT_MAX, SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK);\n"
12207 #. type: Plain text
12208 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:178
12211 " if (len E<lt> 0) {\n"
12212 " if (errno == EAGAIN)\n"
12214 " perror(\"tee\");\n"
12215 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
12220 " if (len E<lt> 0) {\n"
12221 " if (errno == EAGAIN)\n"
12223 " perror(\"tee\");\n"
12224 " exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
12229 #. type: Plain text
12230 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:192
12234 " * Consume stdin by splicing it to a file.\n"
12236 " while (len E<gt> 0) {\n"
12237 " slen = splice(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, fd, NULL,\n"
12238 " len, SPLICE_F_MOVE);\n"
12239 " if (slen E<lt> 0) {\n"
12240 " perror(\"splice\");\n"
12248 " * Consume stdin by splicing it to a file.\n"
12250 " while (len E<gt> 0) {\n"
12251 " slen = splice(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, fd, NULL,\n"
12252 " len, SPLICE_F_MOVE);\n"
12253 " if (slen E<lt> 0) {\n"
12254 " perror(\"splice\");\n"
12261 #. type: Plain text
12262 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:196
12266 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
12270 " exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
12273 #. type: Plain text
12274 #: build/C/man2/tee.2:200
12275 msgid "B<splice>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
12276 msgstr "B<splice>(2), B<vmsplice>(2)"
12279 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:26
12285 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:26
12288 msgstr "2009-02-20"
12290 #. type: Plain text
12291 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:29
12292 msgid "vm86old, vm86 - enter virtual 8086 mode"
12293 msgstr "vm86old, vm86 - 仮想 8086 モードへ移行する"
12295 #. type: Plain text
12296 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:31
12297 msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/vm86.hE<gt>>"
12298 msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/vm86.hE<gt>>"
12300 #. type: Plain text
12301 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:33
12302 msgid "B<int vm86old(struct vm86_struct *>I<info>B<);>"
12303 msgstr "B<int vm86old(struct vm86_struct *>I<info>B<);>"
12305 #. type: Plain text
12306 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:35
12307 msgid "B<int vm86(unsigned long >I<fn>B<, struct vm86plus_struct *>I<v86>B<);>"
12309 "B<int vm86(unsigned long >I<fn>B<, struct vm86plus_struct *>I<v86>B<);>"
12311 #. type: Plain text
12312 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:48
12314 "The system call B<vm86>() was introduced in Linux 0.97p2. In Linux 2.1.15 "
12315 "and 2.0.28 it was renamed to B<vm86old>(), and a new B<vm86>() was "
12316 "introduced. The definition of I<struct vm86_struct> was changed in 1.1.8 "
12319 "B<vm86>() システムコールは Linux 0.97p2 で導入された。 これは Linux 2.1.15 "
12320 "と 2.0.28 で B<vm86old>() に名前が変更され、 新しい B<vm86>() が導入され"
12321 "た。 I<struct vm86_struct> の定義は 1.1.8 と 1.1.9 で変更された。"
12323 #. type: Plain text
12324 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:52
12326 "These calls cause the process to enter VM86 mode (virtual-8086 in Intel "
12327 "literature), and are used by B<dosemu>."
12329 "これらのコールによってプロセスは VM86 モード (Intel の文書では仮想 8086 モー"
12330 "ド) へと移行する。 これらのコールは B<dosemu> で使用される。"
12332 #. type: Plain text
12333 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:54
12334 msgid "VM86 mode is an emulation of real mode within a protected mode task."
12336 "VM86 モードはプロテクトモードタスクにおける リアルモードのエミュレーションで"
12339 #. type: Plain text
12340 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:64
12342 "This return value is specific to i386 and indicates a problem with getting "
12345 "この返り値は i386 固有のものであり、 ユーザー空間のデータを取得する際に問題が"
12348 #. type: Plain text
12349 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:68
12351 "This return value indicates the call is not implemented on the present "
12354 "この返り値は、このコールが現在のアーキテクチャで実装されていないことを示す。"
12356 #. type: Plain text
12357 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:73
12359 "Saved kernel stack exists. (This is a kernel sanity check; the saved stack "
12360 "should exist only within vm86 mode itself.)"
12362 "保存されたカーネルスタックが既に存在している。(これはカーネルが通常の 状態で"
12363 "あるかをチェックしている。保存されたスタックは vm86 モードで しか存在しな"
12366 #. type: Plain text
12367 #: build/C/man2/vm86.2:76
12369 "This call is specific to Linux on 32-bit Intel processors, and should not be "
12370 "used in programs intended to be portable."
12372 "この関数は 32 ビット Intel プロセッサ上の Linux 特有の関数であり、 移植を意図"
12373 "したプログラムでは使用すべきでない。"
12376 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:26
12381 #. type: Plain text
12382 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:29
12383 msgid "vmsplice - splice user pages into a pipe"
12384 msgstr "vmsplice - ユーザ・ページをパイプに継ぎ合わせる"
12386 #. type: Plain text
12387 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:34
12390 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
12391 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
12392 "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
12394 "B<#define _GNU_SOURCE> /* feature_test_macros(7) 参照 */\n"
12395 "B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
12396 "B<#include E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>\n"
12398 #. type: Plain text
12399 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:37
12402 "B<ssize_t vmsplice(int >I<fd>B<, const struct iovec *>I<iov>B<,>\n"
12403 "B< unsigned long >I<nr_segs>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
12405 "B<ssize_t vmsplice(int >I<fd>B<, const struct iovec *>I<iov>B<,>\n"
12406 "B< unsigned long >I<nr_segs>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
12408 #. Linus: vmsplice() system call to basically do a "write to
12409 #. the buffer", but using the reference counting and VM traversal
12410 #. to actually fill the buffer. This means that the user needs to
12411 #. be careful not to reuse the user-space buffer it spliced into
12412 #. the kernel-space one (contrast this to "write()", which copies
12413 #. the actual data, and you can thus reuse the buffer immediately
12414 #. after a successful write), but that is often easy to do.
12415 #. type: Plain text
12416 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:57
12418 "The B<vmsplice>() system call maps I<nr_segs> ranges of user memory "
12419 "described by I<iov> into a pipe. The file descriptor I<fd> must refer to a "
12422 "B<vmsplice>() システムコールは、 I<iov> で指定されたユーザ・メモリの "
12423 "I<nr_segs> の範囲をパイプにマッピングする。 I<fd> はパイプを参照していなけれ"
12426 #. type: Plain text
12427 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:64
12429 "The pointer I<iov> points to an array of I<iovec> structures as defined in "
12430 "I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>>:"
12432 "ポインタ I<iov> は I<iovec> 構造体の配列を指す。 I<iovec> 構造体は "
12433 "I<E<lt>sys/uio.hE<gt>> で以下のように定義されている:"
12435 #. type: Plain text
12436 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:71
12440 " void *iov_base; /* Starting address */\n"
12441 " size_t iov_len; /* Number of bytes */\n"
12445 " void *iov_base; /* 開始アドレス */\n"
12446 " size_t iov_len; /* バイト数 */\n"
12449 #. type: Plain text
12450 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:84
12451 msgid "Unused for B<vmsplice>(); see B<splice>(2)."
12452 msgstr "B<vmsplice>() では未使用。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
12454 #. type: Plain text
12455 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:97
12457 "Currently has no effect for B<vmsplice>(), but may be implemented in the "
12458 "future; see B<splice>(2)."
12460 "現在のところ B<vmsplice>() では何の効果もないが、将来的には実装される可能性"
12461 "がある。 B<splice>(2) 参照。"
12463 #. FIXME Explain the following line in a little more detail:
12464 #. .... if we expect to later SPLICE_F_MOVE to the cache.
12465 #. type: Plain text
12466 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:113
12468 "The user pages are a gift to the kernel. The application may not modify "
12469 "this memory ever, or page cache and on-disk data may differ. Gifting pages "
12470 "to the kernel means that a subsequent B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> can "
12471 "successfully move the pages; if this flag is not specified, then a "
12472 "subsequent B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> must copy the pages. Data must "
12473 "also be properly page aligned, both in memory and length."
12475 "ユーザ・ページがカーネルへ渡すもの (gift) であることを示す。 アプリケーション"
12476 "はこのメモリを絶対に変更してはならない。 さもなければ、ページキャッシュとディ"
12477 "スク上のデータは 一致しなくなるだろう。 ページをカーネルに渡すと、この次の "
12478 "B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> でそのページの移動を行うことができる。 このフ"
12479 "ラグが指定されなかった場合、この次の B<splice>(2) B<SPLICE_F_MOVE> でその"
12480 "ページのコピーを行わなければならない。 データはメモリ上でページ境界にあってい"
12481 "なければならず、 長さもページ境界の倍数でなければならない。"
12483 #. type: Plain text
12484 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:122
12486 "Upon successful completion, B<vmsplice>() returns the number of bytes "
12487 "transferred to the pipe. On error, B<vmsplice>() returns -1 and I<errno> "
12488 "is set to indicate the error."
12490 "成功して完了すると、 B<vmsplice>() はパイプに転送したバイト数を返す。 エラー"
12491 "の場合、 B<vmplice>() は -1 を返し、 I<errno> をエラーを示す値に設定する。"
12493 #. type: Plain text
12494 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:127
12495 msgid "I<fd> either not valid, or doesn't refer to a pipe."
12496 msgstr "I<fd> が有効でない、もしくはパイプを参照していない。"
12498 #. type: Plain text
12499 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:135
12501 "I<nr_segs> is 0 or greater than B<IOV_MAX>; or memory not aligned if "
12502 "B<SPLICE_F_GIFT> set."
12504 "I<nr_segs> が 0 もしくは B<IOV_MAX> よりも大きい。または B<SPLICE_F_GIFT> が"
12505 "設定されたがメモリがページ境界にあっていない。"
12507 #. type: Plain text
12508 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:143
12510 "The B<vmsplice>() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17; library "
12511 "support was added to glibc in version 2.5."
12513 "B<vmsplice>() システムコールは Linux 2.6.17 で初めて登場した。\n"
12514 "ライブラリによるサポートは glibc バージョン 2.5 で追加された。"
12516 #. type: Plain text
12517 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:154
12519 "B<vmsplice>() follows the other vectorized read/write type functions when "
12520 "it comes to limitations on number of segments being passed in. This limit "
12521 "is B<IOV_MAX> as defined in I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>>. At the time of this "
12522 "writing, that limit is 1024."
12524 "指定されたセグメント数が上限に達した場合、 B<vmsplice>() は他のベクトル形式"
12525 "の read/write を行う関数と同じ動作をする。 上限は B<IOV_MAX> であり、 "
12526 "I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>> で定義されている。 このドキュメントを書いた時点での値"
12529 #. type: Plain text
12530 #: build/C/man2/vmsplice.2:157
12531 msgid "B<splice>(2), B<tee>(2)"
12532 msgstr "B<splice>(2), B<tee>(2)"
12534 #~ msgid "2013-09-04"
12535 #~ msgstr "2013-09-04"
12537 #~ msgid "2013-09-13"
12538 #~ msgstr "2013-09-13"
12540 #~ msgid "2013-07-11"
12541 #~ msgstr "2013-07-11"
12545 #~| "On success, B<PTRACE_PEEK*> requests return the requested data, while "
12546 #~| "other requests return zero. On error, all requests return -1, and "
12547 #~| "I<errno> is set appropriately. Since the value returned by a successful "
12548 #~| "B<PTRACE_PEEK*> request may be -1, the caller must check I<errno> after "
12549 #~| "such requests to determine whether or not an error occurred."
12551 #~ "On success, B<PTRACE_PEEK*> requests return the requested data, while "
12552 #~ "other requests return zero. (On Linux, this is done in the libc wrapper "
12553 #~ "around ptrace system call. On the system call level, B<PTRACE_PEEK*> "
12554 #~ "requests have a different API: they store the result at the address "
12555 #~ "specified by I<data> parameter, and return value is the error flag.)"
12557 #~ "成功すると、 B<PTRACE_PEEK*> の場合は要求したデータを返し、 それ以外の場合"
12558 #~ "は 0 を返す。 エラーの場合は -1 を返し、 I<errno> が適切に設定される。 "
12559 #~ "B<PTRACE_PEEK*> が成功して返す値も -1 になることがあるため、 そのような要"
12560 #~ "求の場合には、呼び出し元は I<errno> を調べ、エラーか発生したのかどうかを判"
12564 #~ "Depending on which operation was executed, the returned value for a "
12565 #~ "successful call can have differing meanings."
12566 #~ msgstr "どの操作が実行されたかによって、 成功時の返り値の意味が変わる。"
12569 #~ "Returns 0 if the process was woken by a B<FUTEX_WAKE> call. In case of "
12570 #~ "timeout, the operation fails with the error B<ETIMEDOUT>. If the futex "
12571 #~ "was not equal to the expected value, the operation fails with the error "
12572 #~ "B<EWOULDBLOCK>. Signals (see B<signal>(7)) or other spurious wakeups "
12573 #~ "cause B<FUTEX_WAIT> to fail with the error B<EINTR>."
12575 #~ "プロセスが B<FUTEX_WAKE> の呼び出しで wake すると 0 を返す。 タイムアウト"
12576 #~ "の場合、操作はエラー B<ETIMEOUT> で失敗する。 futex が指定された値と等しく"
12577 #~ "ない場合、 エラー B<EWOULDBLOCK> で失敗する。 シグナルを受信するか "
12578 #~ "(B<signal>(7) 参照) 他の偽の wake があった場合には、エラー B<EINTR> で失"
12581 #~ msgid "An operation was not defined or error in page alignment."
12583 #~ "操作が定義されていない。またはページ・アラインメントでエラーが発生した。"
12587 #~| "Indicates that this process is to be traced by its parent. Any signal "
12588 #~| "(except B<SIGKILL>) delivered to this process will cause it to stop and "
12589 #~| "its parent to be notified via B<wait>(2). Also, all subsequent calls to "
12590 #~| "B<execve>(2) by this process will cause a B<SIGTRAP> to be sent to it, "
12591 #~| "giving the parent a chance to gain control before the new program begins "
12592 #~| "execution. A process probably shouldn't make this request if its parent "
12593 #~| "isn't expecting to trace it. (I<pid>, I<addr>, and I<data> are ignored.)"
12595 #~ "Indicate that this process is to be traced by its parent. Any signal "
12596 #~ "(except B<SIGKILL>) delivered to this process will cause it to stop and "
12597 #~ "its parent to be notified via B<waitpid>(2). In addition, all subsequent "
12598 #~ "calls to B<execve>(2) by the traced process will cause a B<SIGTRAP> to "
12599 #~ "be sent to it, giving the parent a chance to gain control before the new "
12600 #~ "program begins execution. A process probably shouldn't make this request "
12601 #~ "if its parent isn't expecting to trace it. (I<pid>, I<addr>, and I<data> "
12604 #~ "このプロセスが親プロセスによってトレースされることを表す。 このプロセスに "
12605 #~ "(B<SIGKILL> 以外の) シグナルが配送されると、 プロセスは停止し、親プロセス"
12606 #~ "に B<wait>(2) を通じて通知される。 また、これ以降はこのプロセスが "
12607 #~ "B<execve>(2) を呼び出す度に B<SIGTRAP> が送信されるようになる。 これに"
12608 #~ "よって、親プロセスは 新しいプログラムが実行を開始する前に制御することがで"
12609 #~ "きる。 親プロセスが自プロセスをトレースするつもりがない場合には、 おそらく"
12610 #~ "このプロセスは本要求を行うべきではないだろう。 (I<pid>, I<addr>, I<data> "
12614 #~ "Stop the child at the next B<execve>(2) call with I<SIGTRAP | "
12615 #~ "PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8>."
12617 #~ "次の B<execve>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC\\ E<lt>E<lt>"
12618 #~ "\\ 8> で子プロセスの動作を停止させる。"
12621 #~ "Stop the child at the completion of the next B<vfork>(2) call with "
12622 #~ "I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE\\ E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8>."
12624 #~ "次の B<vfork>(2) 呼び出し時に I<SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE\\ "
12625 #~ "E<lt>E<lt>\\ 8> で子プロセスの動作を停止させる。"
12628 #~ "Attaches to the process specified in I<pid>, making it a traced \"child\" "
12629 #~ "of the calling process; the behavior of the child is as if it had done a "
12630 #~ "B<PTRACE_TRACEME>. The calling process actually becomes the parent of "
12631 #~ "the child process for most purposes (e.g., it will receive notification "
12632 #~ "of child events and appears in B<ps>(1) output as the child's parent), "
12633 #~ "but a B<getppid>(2) by the child will still return the PID of the "
12634 #~ "original parent. The child is sent a B<SIGSTOP>, but will not "
12635 #~ "necessarily have stopped by the completion of this call; use B<wait>(2) "
12636 #~ "to wait for the child to stop. (I<addr> and I<data> are ignored.)"
12638 #~ "I<pid> で指定されたプロセスに接続 (attach) し、それを呼び出し元のプロセス"
12639 #~ "の 子プロセスとしてトレースできるようにする。子プロセスは "
12640 #~ "B<PTRACE_TRACEME> したかのように振舞う。呼び出し元のプロセスはそのほとんど"
12641 #~ "の目的において、 その子プロセスの実際の親になる (例えば、子プロセスのイベ"
12642 #~ "ントの 通知を受けとったり、 B<ps>(1) で親として表示されたりする)。しか"
12643 #~ "し、子プロセスで B<getppid>(2) を実行した場合には元の親プロセスの PID が"
12644 #~ "返される。 子プロセスには B<SIGSTOP> が送られるが、この呼び出しが完了する"
12645 #~ "までに 必ずしも停止するとは限らない。子プロセスの停止を待つには B<wait>"
12646 #~ "(2) を使用すること。(I<addr> と I<data> は無視される。)"
12649 #~ "Tracing causes a few subtle differences in the semantics of traced "
12650 #~ "processes. For example, if a process is attached to with "
12651 #~ "B<PTRACE_ATTACH>, its original parent can no longer receive notification "
12652 #~ "via B<wait>(2) when it stops, and there is no way for the new parent to "
12653 #~ "effectively simulate this notification."
12655 #~ "トレースすることによってトレースされるプロセスの動作に些細な違いが 起こる"
12656 #~ "ことがある。例えば、プロセスが B<PTRACE_ATTACH> によって接続された場合に"
12657 #~ "は、そのプロセスが停止した時でも本来の親は B<wait>(2) を使って通知を受け"
12658 #~ "ることができず、新しい親が効率よく この通知を真似る方法もない。"
12661 #~ "When the parent receives an event with B<PTRACE_EVENT_*> set, the child "
12662 #~ "is not in the normal signal delivery path. This means the parent cannot "
12663 #~ "do B<ptrace>(PTRACE_CONT) with a signal or B<ptrace>(PTRACE_KILL). "
12664 #~ "B<kill>(2) with a B<SIGKILL> signal can be used instead to kill the "
12665 #~ "child process after receiving one of these messages."
12667 #~ "親プロセスが B<PTRACE_EVENT_*> がセットされたイベントを受信した場合、 子プ"
12668 #~ "ロセスは通常通りのシグナル配送が行われる状態にない。 つまり、親プロセス"
12669 #~ "が、 シグナルにより B<ptrace>(PTRACE_CONT) を行ったり、 B<ptrace>"
12670 #~ "(PTRACE_KILL) を行ったりできないということである。 こららのメッセージの受"
12671 #~ "信後は、子プロセスを終了 (kill) するのに、 シグナル B<SIGKILL> を指定して "
12672 #~ "B<kill>(2) を行う方法を代わりに使用できる。"
12675 #~ "The SunOS man page describes B<ptrace>() as \"unique and arcane\", which "
12676 #~ "it is. The proc-based debugging interface present in Solaris 2 "
12677 #~ "implements a superset of B<ptrace>() functionality in a more powerful "
12678 #~ "and uniform way."
12680 #~ "SunOS のマニュアル・ページには B<ptrace>() は「独特で不可解」と記述されて"
12681 #~ "おり、まさしくそうである。 Solaris 2 では proc ベースの デバッグのインター"
12682 #~ "フェースとして B<ptrace>() の上位互換関数が実装され、より強力で一貫性のあ"
12686 #~ "The second argument I<special> is the block special device these quota "
12687 #~ "apply to. It must be mounted."
12689 #~ "二番目の引き数 I<special> は quota を適用するデバイスのブロック・スペシャ"
12690 #~ "ル・ファイルである。 そのデバイスはマウントされていなくてはならない。"
12693 #~ "The third argument I<id> is the user or group ID these quota apply to "
12694 #~ "(when relevant)."
12696 #~ "三番目の引き数 I<id> には、(必要な場合に) quota を適用するユーザーもしくは"
12697 #~ "グループの ID を指定する。"
12700 #~ "The fourth argument I<addr> is the address of a data structure, depending "
12701 #~ "on the command."
12703 #~ "四番目の引き数 I<addr> には、コマンドごとに異ったデータ構造体のアドレスを"
12707 #~ "Enable quota. The I<addr> argument is the pathname of the file "
12708 #~ "containing the quota for the file system."
12710 #~ "quota を有効にする。 I<addr> 引き数には、そのファイル・システムの quota が"
12711 #~ "記録されているファイルの パス名を指定する。"
12713 #~ msgid "Disable quota."
12714 #~ msgstr "quota を無効にする。"
12716 #~ msgid "Set limits and current usage; I<addr> is as before."
12717 #~ msgstr "制限値と現在の使用量を設定する: I<addr> は同上。"
12719 #~ msgid "Set limits; I<addr> is as before."
12720 #~ msgstr "制限値を設定する; I<addr> は同上。"
12722 #~ msgid "Set usage."
12723 #~ msgstr "使用量を設定する。"
12725 #~ msgid "Sync disk copy of a file system's quota."
12726 #~ msgstr "ファイル・システムの quota ファイルをディスクと同期させる。"
12728 #~ msgid "Get collected stats."
12729 #~ msgstr "収集された統計を取得する。"
12732 #~ "On success, B<quotactl>() returns 0. On error, -1 is returned, and "
12733 #~ "I<errno> is set appropriately."
12735 #~ "B<quotactl>() は、成功時には 0 を返す。エラー時は、-1 を返すとともに、 "
12736 #~ "I<errno> が適切な値に設定される。"
12738 #~ msgid "B<Q_QUOTAON> was asked, but quotas were enabled already."
12739 #~ msgstr "B<Q_QUOTAON> の要求がなされたが、quota(s) は既に有効になっている。"
12741 #~ msgid "Bad I<addr> value."
12742 #~ msgstr "I<addr> の値に誤りがある。"
12745 #~ "I<type> is not a known quota type. Or, I<special> could not be found."
12747 #~ "I<type> が既知の quota の形式ではない。もしくは、 I<special> デバイスが見"
12750 #~ msgid "Too many open files: cannot open quota file."
12751 #~ msgstr "ファイルをオープンしすぎている: quota ファイルをオープン出来ない。"
12753 #~ msgid "I<special> cannot be found in the mount table."
12754 #~ msgstr "I<special> がマウント・テーブル内に見当たらない。"
12756 #~ msgid "The kernel was compiled without quota support."
12757 #~ msgstr "quota を使用可にしてカーネルをコンパイルしていない。"
12760 #~ "The process was not root (for the file system), and B<Q_GETQUOTA> was "
12761 #~ "asked for another I<id> than that of the process itself, or anything "
12762 #~ "other than B<Q_GETSTATS> or B<Q_SYNC> was asked."
12764 #~ "プロセスが (そのファイル・システムの) root のものではなく、 かつプロセス自"
12765 #~ "身のものとは異なる I<id> に対して B<Q_GETQUOTA> 要求を行なった。 もしく"
12766 #~ "は、 B<Q_GETSTATS>, B<Q_SYNC> 以外の要求がなされた。"
12769 #~ "B<Q_GETQUOTA> or B<Q_SETQUOTA> or B<Q_SETUSE> or B<Q_SETQLIM> was asked "
12770 #~ "for a file system that didn't have quota enabled."
12772 #~ "quota が有効になっていないファイル・システムに対して B<Q_GETQUOTA>, "
12773 #~ "B<Q_SETQUOTA>, B<Q_SETUSE>, B<Q_SETQLIM> のいずれかの要求がなされた。"