Import translated manuals from JM CVS Repository.

[linuxjm/jm.git] / pod / sudo / draft / sudoers.pod

=cut
Copyright (c) 1994-1996,1998-2003 Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com>
All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:

1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
   derived from this software without specific prior written permission
   from the author.

4. Products derived from this software may not be called "Sudo" nor
   may "Sudo" appear in their names without specific prior written
   permission from the author.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

Sponsored in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects
Agency (DARPA) and Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Force
Materiel Command, USAF, under agreement number F39502-99-1-0512.

$Sudo: sudoers.pod,v 1.68 2003/03/15 20:31:02 millert Exp $
=pod

=begin JM-copyright

Japanese Version Copyright (c) 2000-2004 Yuichi SATO
        all rights reserved.
Translated Sat Oct 14 19:24:27 JST 2000
        by Yuichi SATO <ysato444@yahoo.co.jp>
Updated & Modified Tue Nov 19 02:21:57 JST 2002 by Yuichi SATO
Updated & Modified Fri Apr 16 07:45:02 JST 2004 by Yuichi SATO

=end JM-copyright

=begin JM-word

WORD:   Backus Naur Form        ¥Ð¥Ã¥«¥¹¡¦¥Ê¥¦¥¢µ­Ë¡
WORD:   definition              ÄêµÁ
WORD:   production rule         À¸À®µ¬Â§
WORD:   symbol                  ¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë
WORD:   alias                   ¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹
WORD:   parentheses             ³ç¸Ì
WORD:   boolean                 ¿¿µ¶ÃÍ
WORD:   pound sign              ¥·¥ã¡¼¥×µ­¹æ
WORD:   reserved word           ͽÌó¸ì
WORD:   exclamation point       ´¶Ã²Éä
WORD:   priority                Í¥ÀèÅÙ
WORD:   facility                µ¡Ç½Ê¬Îà

=end JM-word

=head1 NAME

=begin JM-comment

sudoers - list of which users may execute what

=end JM-comment

sudoers - ¤É¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬²¿¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤«¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È

=head1 DESCRIPTION

=begin JM-comment

The I<sudoers> file is composed of two types of entries:
aliases (basically variables) and user specifications
(which specify who may run what).  The grammar of I<sudoers>
will be described below in Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF).
Don't despair if you don't know what EBNF is; it is fairly
simple, and the definitions below are annotated.

=end JM-comment

I<sudoers> ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¡¢2 ¤Ä¤Î¥¿¥¤¥×¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤«¤é¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
(´ðËÜŪ¤Ë¤ÏÊÑ¿ô¤Ç¤¢¤ë) ¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¤È
(郎²¿¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤«¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë) ¥æ¡¼¥¶»ØÄê¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
I<sudoers> ¤Îʸˡ¤ò¡¢ Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF)
(³ÈÄ¥¥Ð¥Ã¥«¥¹¡¦¥Ê¥¦¥¢µ­Ë¡) ¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ°Ê²¼¤Ëµ­½Ò¤¹¤ë¡£
EBNF ¤òÃΤé¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤âÄü¤á¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤Û¤·¤¤¡£
EBNF ¤Ï³ä¤Ë´Ê·é¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤·¡¢°Ê²¼¤ÎÄêµÁ¤Ë¤ÏÃí¼á¤ò¤Ä¤±¤Æ¤¢¤ë¡£

=head2 Quick guide to EBNF

=begin JM-comment

EBNF is a concise and exact way of describing the grammar of a language.
Each EBNF definition is made up of I<production rules>.  E.g.,

=end JM-comment

EBNF ¤Ï¸À¸ì¤Îʸˡ¤òµ­½Ò¤¹¤ë´Êñ¤Ç¸·Ì©¤ÊÊýË¡¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
EBNF ¤Î³ÆÄêµÁ¤Ï¡¢I<À¸À®µ¬Â§>¤«¤é¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

 symbol ::= definition | alternate1 | alternate2 ...

=begin JM-comment

Each I<production rule> references others and thus makes up a
grammar for the language.  EBNF also contains the following
operators, which many readers will recognize from regular
expressions.  Do not, however, confuse them with "wildcard"
characters, which have different meanings.

=end JM-comment

³ÆI<À¸À®µ¬Â§>¤Ï¾¤ÎÀ¸À®µ¬Â§¤ò»²¾È¤¹¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¸À¸ì¤Îʸˡ¤¬¤Ç¤­¤¢¤¬¤ë¡£
EBNF ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥¿¤ò´Þ¤à¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ï¿¤¯¤Î¿Í¤¬Àµµ¬É½¸½¤Ç¤ªÆëÀ÷¤ß¤À¤í¤¦¡£
¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤³¤ì¤È¤Ï°Û¤Ê¤ë°ÕÌ£¤ò»ý¤Ã¤¿¡¢
¡Ö¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É¡×ʸ»ú¤Èº®Æ±¤·¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤
(ÌõÃí: ¸å¼Ô¤Ï¥·¥§¥ë¤Î¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É¥Ñ¥¿¡¼¥ó¤Î¤³¤È¤À¤í¤¦¡£
B<regex>(7) ¤È B<glob>(7)
¤ò»²¾È¤Î¤³¤È)¡£

=over 8

=item C<?>

=begin JM-comment

Means that the preceding symbol (or group of symbols) is optional.
That is, it may appear once or not at all.

=end JM-comment

Á°¤ËÃÖ¤«¤ì¤¿¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¡¢¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×) ¤¬
¾Êά²Äǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò°ÕÌ£¤¹¤ë¡£
¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤¬ 1 ¸ÄÅо줹¤ë¤«¡¢¤¢¤ë¤¤¤ÏÁ´Á³Åо줷¤Ê¤¤¤«¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item C<*>

=begin JM-comment

Means that the preceding symbol (or group of symbols) may appear
zero or more times.

=end JM-comment

Á°¤ËÃÖ¤«¤ì¤¿¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¡¢¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×) ¤¬ 0 ¸Ä°Ê¾åÅо줹¤ë¡£

=item C<+>

=begin JM-comment

Means that the preceding symbol (or group of symbols) may appear
one or more times.

=end JM-comment

Á°¤ËÃÖ¤«¤ì¤¿¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¡¢¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×) ¤¬ 1 ¸Ä°Ê¾åÅо줹¤ë¡£

=back

=begin JM-comment

Parentheses may be used to group symbols together.  For clarity,
we will use single quotes ('') to designate what is a verbatim character
string (as opposed to a symbol name).

=end JM-comment

³ç¸Ì¤ò»È¤¦¤È¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤ò¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ë¤Þ¤È¤á¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
°Ê¹ß¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï¡¢(¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë̾¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤) ʸ»úÄ̤ê¤Îʸ»úÎó¤Ï
¥·¥ó¥°¥ë¥¯¥ª¡¼¥È ('') ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤ÆÌÀ¼¨¤¹¤ë¡£

=head2 Aliases

=begin JM-comment

There are four kinds of aliases: C<User_Alias>, C<Runas_Alias>,
C<Host_Alias> and C<Cmnd_Alias>.

=end JM-comment

C<User_Alias>, C<Runas_Alias>,
C<Host_Alias>, C<Cmnd_Alias>
¤È¤¤¤¦ 4 ¼ïÎà¤Î¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£

 Alias ::= 'User_Alias'  User_Alias (':' User_Alias)* |
           'Runas_Alias' Runas_Alias (':' Runas_Alias)* |
           'Host_Alias'  Host_Alias (':' Host_Alias)* |
           'Cmnd_Alias'  Cmnd_Alias (':' Cmnd_Alias)*

 User_Alias ::= NAME '=' User_List

 Runas_Alias ::= NAME '=' Runas_List

 Host_Alias ::= NAME '=' Host_List

 Cmnd_Alias ::= NAME '=' Cmnd_List

 NAME ::= [A-Z]([A-Z][0-9]_)*

=begin JM-comment

Each I<alias> definition is of the form

=end JM-comment

³ÆI<¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹>ÄêµÁ¤Ï¡¢¼¡¤Î·Á¼°¤ò¤È¤ë¡£

 Alias_Type NAME = item1, item2, ...

=begin JM-comment

where I<Alias_Type> is one of C<User_Alias>, C<Runas_Alias>, C<Host_Alias>,
or C<Cmnd_Alias>.  A C<NAME> is a string of uppercase letters, numbers,
and underscore characters ('_').  A C<NAME> B<must> start with an
uppercase letter.  It is possible to put several alias definitions
of the same type on a single line, joined by a colon (':').  E.g.,

=end JM-comment

¤³¤³¤Ç I<Alias_Type> ¤Ï¡¢ C<User_Alias>, 
C<Runas_Alias>, C<Host_Alias>,
C<Cmnd_Alias> ¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Î 1 ¤Ä¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
C<NAME> ¤Ï¡¢Âçʸ»ú¡¦¿ô»ú¡¦
¥¢¥ó¥À¡¼¥¹¥³¥¢Ê¸»ú ('_') ¤«¤é¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤ëʸ»úÎó¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
C<NAME> ¤ÏÂçʸ»ú¤«¤é»Ï¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤ÐB<¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤>¡£
¥³¥í¥ó (':') ¤Ç¤Ä¤Ê¤²¤ì¤Ð¡¢
Ʊ°ì¥¿¥¤¥×¤ÎÊ£¿ô¤Î¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹ÄêµÁ¤ò 1 ¹Ô¤ËÃÖ¤¯¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
Îã¤òµó¤²¤ë¡£

 Alias_Type NAME = item1, item2, item3 : NAME = item4, item5

=begin JM-comment

The definitions of what constitutes a valid I<alias> member follow.

=end JM-comment

³¤±¤Æ¡¢Í­¸ú¤ÊI<¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹>¥á¥ó¥Ð¤ò¹½À®¤¹¤ëÍ×ÁǤÎÄêµÁ¤òµ­½Ò¤¹¤ë¡£

 User_List ::= User |
               User ',' User_List

 User ::= '!'* username |
          '!'* '%'group |
          '!'* '+'netgroup |
          '!'* User_Alias

=begin JM-comment

A C<User_List> is made up of one or more usernames, uids
(prefixed with '#'), System groups (prefixed with '%'),
netgroups (prefixed with '+') and other aliases.  Each list
item may be prefixed with one or more '!' operators.  An odd number
of '!' operators negate the value of the item; an even number
just cancel each other out.

=end JM-comment

C<User_List> ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¡¦¥æ¡¼¥¶ ID ('#' ¤òÁ°¤ËÉÕ¤±¤ë)¡¦
¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥°¥ë¡¼¥× ('%' ¤òÁ°¤ËÉÕ¤±¤ë) ¡¦
¥Í¥Ã¥È¥°¥ë¡¼¥× ('+' ¤òÁ°¤ËÉÕ¤±¤ë)¡¦
Ê̤Υ¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¡¢¤¬ 1 ¸Ä°Ê¾å´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë¡£
¥ê¥¹¥È¤Î³Æ¥¢¥¤¥Æ¥à¤ÎÁ°¤Ë¤Ï¡¢1 ¸Ä°Ê¾å¤Î '!' ¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥¿¤òÃÖ¤¤¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤¡£
´ñ¿ô¸Ä¤Î '!' ¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥¿¤Ï¥¢¥¤¥Æ¥à¤ÎÃͤò̵¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë¡£
¶ö¿ô¸Ä¤Î¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥¿¤Ï¡¢¸ß¤¤¤ËÁ껦¤µ¤ì¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

 Runas_List ::= Runas_User |
                Runas_User ',' Runas_List

 Runas_User ::= '!'* username |
                '!'* '#'uid |
                '!'* '%'group |
                '!'* +netgroup |
                '!'* Runas_Alias

=begin JM-comment

A C<Runas_List> is similar to a C<User_List> except that it can
also contain uids (prefixed with '#') and instead of C<User_Alias>es
it can contain C<Runas_Alias>es.

=end JM-comment

C<Runas_List> ¤Ï C<User_List> ¤È»÷¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢
('#' ¤òÁ°¤ËÉÕ¤±¤¿) uid ¤ò´Þ¤á¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤Þ¤¿ C<User_Alias> ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢
C<Runas_Alias> ¤ò´Þ¤á¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£

 Host_List ::= Host |
               Host ',' Host_List

 Host ::= '!'* hostname |
          '!'* ip_addr |
          '!'* network(/netmask)? |
          '!'* '+'netgroup |
          '!'* Host_Alias

=begin JM-comment

A C<Host_List> is made up of one or more hostnames, IP addresses,
network numbers, netgroups (prefixed with '+') and other aliases.
Again, the value of an item may be negated with the '!' operator.
If you do not specify a netmask with a network number, the netmask
of the host's ethernet interface(s) will be used when matching.
The netmask may be specified either in dotted quad notation (e.g.
255.255.255.0) or CIDR notation (number of bits, e.g. 24).  A hostname
may include shell-style wildcards (see `Wildcards' section below),
but unless the C<hostname> command on your machine returns the fully
qualified hostname, you'll need to use the I<fqdn> option for wildcards
to be useful.

=end JM-comment

C<Host_List> ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¥Û¥¹¥È̾¡¦IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¡¦
¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯Èֹ桦¥Í¥Ã¥È¥°¥ë¡¼¥× ('+' ¤òÁ°¤ËÉÕ¤±¤ë)¡¦
¤½¤Î¾¤Î¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¡¢¤¬ 1 ¸Ä°Ê¾å´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë¡£
¤³¤³¤Ç¤â¡¢¥¢¥¤¥Æ¥à¤ÎÃÍ¤Ï '!' ¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥¿¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ̵¸ú¤Ë¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ÈÖ¹æ¤Ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥¹¥¯¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢
¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥¹¥¯¤¬
¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¥ó¥°¤ÎºÝ¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
¥Í¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥¹¥¯¤Ï¡¢¥É¥Ã¥È¤Ç 4 ¤Ä¤Ë¶èÀڤä¿É½µ­ (Î㤨¤Ð 255.255.255.0) ¤È
CIDR ɽµ­ (¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Î¿ô¡¢Î㤨¤Ð 24) ¤Î¤É¤Á¤é¤Ç»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤¡£
¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¥·¥§¥ë·Á¼°¤Î¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É
(°Ê²¼¤Î¡Ö¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É¡×¤Î¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»²¾È) ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤¡£
¤¿¤À¤·¡¢·×»»µ¡¤Î C<hostname> ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤¬
´°Á´¤Ê¥É¥á¥¤¥ó̾ÉÕ¤­¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤òÊÖ¤µ¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë
¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É¤ò»È¤¨¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
I<fqdn> ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¤À¤í¤¦¡£

 Cmnd_List ::= Cmnd |
               Cmnd ',' Cmnd_List

 commandname ::= filename |
                 filename args |
                 filename '""'

 Cmnd ::= '!'* commandname |
          '!'* directory |
          '!'* Cmnd_Alias

=begin JM-comment

A C<Cmnd_List> is a list of one or more commandnames, directories, and other
aliases.  A commandname is a fully qualified filename which may include
shell-style wildcards (see `Wildcards' section below).  A simple
filename allows the user to run the command with any arguments he/she
wishes.  However, you may also specify command line arguments (including
wildcards).  Alternately, you can specify C<""> to indicate that the command
may only be run B<without> command line arguments.  A directory is a
fully qualified pathname ending in a '/'.  When you specify a directory
in a C<Cmnd_List>, the user will be able to run any file within that directory
(but not in any subdirectories therein).

=end JM-comment

C<Cmnd_List> ¤Ï¡¢¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É̾¡¦¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¡¦Ê̤Υ¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¡¢¤¬
1 ¸Ä°Ê¾å´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É̾¤Ï´°Á´¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤Ç¡¢¥·¥§¥ë·Á¼°¤Î¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É
(°Ê²¼¤Î¡Ö¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É¡×¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»²¾È) ¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
ñ¤Ê¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢Ë¾¤ß¤Î°ú¤­¿ô¤È¤È¤â¤Ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤µ¤é¤Ë (¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É¤ò¤â´Þ¤à)
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó°ú¤­¿ô¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
È¿ÂФˡ¢¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó°ú¤­¿ôB<¤Ê¤·>¤Ç¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤»¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
C<""> ¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ì¤ÐÎɤ¤¡£
¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ï '/' ¤Ç½ª¤ï¤ë´°Á´¤Ê¥Ñ¥¹Ì¾¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
C<Cmnd_List> ¤Ç¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï¤½¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë¤¢¤ëÁ´¤Æ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë
(¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤½¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤)¡£

=begin JM-comment

If a C<Cmnd> has associated command line arguments, then the arguments
in the C<Cmnd> must match exactly those given by the user on the command line
(or match the wildcards if there are any).  Note that the following
characters must be escaped with a '\' if they are used in command
arguments: ',', ':', '=', '\'.

=end JM-comment

C<Cmnd> ¤¬¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó°ú¤­¿ô¤È´ØÏ¢¤Å¤±¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢
C<Cmnd> ¤ÎÃæ¤Î°ú¤­¿ô¤Ï¡¢
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤Ç»ØÄꤷ¤¿°ú¤­¿ô¤È´°Á´¤Ë¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤
(¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤È´°Á´¤Ë¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤)¡£
',', ':', '=', '\' ¤È¤¤¤¦Ê¸»ú¤ò
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó°ú¤­¿ô¤È¤·¤Æ»È¤¦¾ì¹ç¡¢
'\' ¤Ç¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤ÅÀ¤ËÃí°Õ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡£

=head2 Defaults

=begin JM-comment

Certain configuration options may be changed from their default
values at runtime via one or more C<Default_Entry> lines.  These
may affect all users on any host, all users on a specific host, a
specific user, or commands being run as a specific user.  When
multiple entries match, they are applied in order.  Where there are
conflicting values, the last value on a matching line takes effect.

=end JM-comment

¤¢¤ëÀßÄꥪ¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÎÃͤò¡¢
1 ¹Ô°Ê¾å¤Î C<Default_Entry> ¹Ô¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÎÃͤ«¤éÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¹Ô¤¬¸ú²Ì¤ò»ý¤ÄÈϰϤϡ¢Á´¤Æ¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¾å¤ÎÁ´¤Æ¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¡¢
»ØÄꤷ¤¿¥Û¥¹¥È¾å¤ÎÁ´¤Æ¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¡¢
»ØÄꤷ¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¡¢
»ØÄꤷ¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶¤È¤·¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
Ê£¿ô¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢½çÈÖ¤ËŬÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¡£
Ì·½â¤¹¤ëÃͤ¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¹Ô¤ÎºÇ¸å¤ÎÃͤ¬¸ú²Ì¤ò»ý¤Ä¡£

 Default_Type ::= 'Defaults' ||
                  'Defaults' '@' Host ||
                  'Defaults' ':' User ||
                  'Defaults' '>' RunasUser

 Default_Entry ::= Default_Type Parameter_List

 Parameter ::= Parameter '=' Value ||
               Parameter '+=' Value ||
               Parameter '-=' Value ||
               '!'* Parameter ||

=begin JM-comment

Parameters may be B<flags>, B<integer> values, B<strings>, or B<lists>.
Flags are implicitly boolean and can be turned off via the '!'
operator.  Some integer, string and list parameters may also be
used in a boolean context to disable them.  Values may be enclosed
in double quotes (C<">) when they contain multiple words.  Special
characters may be escaped with a backslash (C<\>).

=end JM-comment

Parameter ¤Ï B<¥Õ¥é¥°>¡¦B<À°¿ô>¡¦
B<ʸ»úÎó>¡¦B<¥ê¥¹¥È>¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¼Â¤Ï¿¿µ¶ÃͤǤ¢¤ê¡¢'!' ¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥¿¤Ç off ¤Ë¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
À°¿ô¡¦Ê¸»úÎ󡦥ꥹ¥È¤Î¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤Î¤Ê¤«¤Ë¤â¿¿µ¶ÃͤΰÕÌ£¤Ç»È¤¨¤ë¤â¤Î¤¬¤¢¤ê¡¢
¤½¤ì¤é¤Ï̵¸ú¤Ë¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
ÃͤËÊ£¿ô¤Î¥ï¡¼¥É¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢
¥À¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥ª¡¼¥È (C<">) ¤Ç°Ï¤Þ¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
Æüìʸ»ú¤Ï¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¹¥é¥Ã¥·¥å (C<\>) ¤Ç
¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£

=begin JM-comment

Lists have two additional assignment operators, C<+=> and C<-=>.
These operators are used to add to and delete from a list respectively.
It is not an error to use the C<-=> operator to remove an element
that does not exist in a list.

=end JM-comment

¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ë¤Ï¤½¤Î¾¤Ë 2 ¤Ä¤ÎÂåÆþ¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥¿
C<+=> ¤È C<-=> ¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥¿¤Ï¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¥ê¥¹¥È¤ÎÄɲäȺï½ü¤ò¹Ô¤¦¡£
C<-=> ¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥¿¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ
¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ë¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤¤Í×ÁǤòºï½ü¤¹¤ë¤È¥¨¥é¡¼¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£

=begin JM-comment

Note that since the I<sudoers> file is parsed in order the best place
to put the Defaults section is after the Host, User, and Cmnd aliases
but before the user specifications.

=end JM-comment

I<sudoers> ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï½çÈ֤˲ò¼á¤µ¤ì¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÎÇÛÃÖ¾ì½ê¤Ï Host, User, Cmnd ¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¤è¤ê¸å¤Ç¡¢
¤«¤Ä¥æ¡¼¥¶»ØÄê¤è¤êÁ°¤Ë¤¹¤ëÅÀ¤ËÃí°Õ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡£

=begin JM-comment

B<Flags>:

=end JM-comment

B<¥Õ¥é¥°>:

=over 12

=item long_otp_prompt

=begin JM-comment

When validating with a One Time Password scheme (B<S/Key> or B<OPIE>),
a two-line prompt is used to make it easier to cut and paste the
challenge to a local window.  It's not as pretty as the default but
some people find it more convenient.  This flag is I<@long_otp_prompt@>
by default.

=end JM-comment

(B<S/Key> ¤ä B<OPIE> ¤Ê¤É¤Î)
¥ï¥ó¥¿¥¤¥à¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬Í­¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¡¢
¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤Ê¥¦¥¤¥ó¥É¥¦¤ËÆþÎϤ·¤¿¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò
´Êñ¤Ë¥«¥Ã¥È¡õ¥Ú¡¼¥¹¥È¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢2 ¹Ô¤Î¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤ò¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤Î¤ÏÎɤ¯¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢ÊØÍø¤À¤È¸À¤¦¿Í¤â¤¤¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï I<@long_otp_prompt@> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item ignore_dot

=begin JM-comment

If set, B<sudo> will ignore '.' or '' (current dir) in the C<PATH>
environment variable; the C<PATH> itself is not modified.  This
flag is I<@ignore_dot@> by default.

=end JM-comment

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô C<PATH> ¤Ë¤¢¤ë 
(¥«¥ì¥ó¥È¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤òɽ¤¹) '.' ¤È '' ¤¬Ìµ»ë¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
C<PATH> ¤½¤Î¤â¤Î¤ÏÊѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï I<@ignore_dot@> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item mail_always

=begin JM-comment

Send mail to the I<mailto> user every time a users runs B<sudo>.
This flag is I<off> by default.

=end JM-comment

¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ B<sudo> ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ëÅ٤ˡ¢I<mailto> ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¥á¡¼¥ë¤¬Á÷¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï I<off> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item mail_badpass

=begin JM-comment

Send mail to the I<mailto> user if the user running sudo does not
enter the correct password.  This flag is I<off> by default.

=end JM-comment

sudo ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬Àµ¤·¤¤¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆþÎϤ·¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢
I<mailto> ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¥á¡¼¥ë¤¬Á÷¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï I<off> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item mail_no_user

=begin JM-comment

If set, mail will be sent to the I<mailto> user if the invoking
user is not in the I<sudoers> file.  This flag is I<@mail_no_user@>
by default.

=end JM-comment

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢
sudo ¤òµ¯Æ°¤·¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ I<sudoers> ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢
I<mailto> ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¥á¡¼¥ë¤¬Á÷¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï I<@mail_no_user@> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item mail_no_host

=begin JM-comment

If set, mail will be sent to the I<mailto> user if the invoking
user exists in the I<sudoers> file, but is not allowed to run
commands on the current host.  This flag is I<@mail_no_host@> by default.

=end JM-comment

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢
sudo ¤òµ¯Æ°¤·¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ I<sudoers> ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¸ºß¤¹¤ë¤¬¡¢
¸½ºß¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ç¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬µö²Ä¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢
I<mailto> ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¥á¡¼¥ë¤¬Á÷¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï I<@mail_no_host@> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item mail_no_perms

=begin JM-comment

If set, mail will be sent to the I<mailto> user if the invoking
user is allowed to use B<sudo> but the command they are trying is not
listed in their I<sudoers> file entry.  This flag is I<@mail_no_perms@>
by default.

=end JM-comment

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ B<sudo> ¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤Ïµö²Ä¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢
¼Â¹Ô¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤¿¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤¬ I<sudoers> ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ë¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢
I<mailto> ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¥á¡¼¥ë¤¬Á÷¤é¤ì¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï I<@mail_no_perms@> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item tty_tickets

=begin JM-comment

If set, users must authenticate on a per-tty basis.  Normally,
B<sudo> uses a directory in the ticket dir with the same name as
the user running it.  With this flag enabled, B<sudo> will use a
file named for the tty the user is logged in on in that directory.
This flag is I<@tty_tickets@> by default.

=end JM-comment

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï tty Ëè¤Ëǧ¾Ú¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
Ä̾B<sudo> ¤Ï¥Á¥±¥Ã¥È¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¤¢¤ë
¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ÈƱ¤¸Ì¾Á°¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ò»È¤¦¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬ on ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¡¢B<sudo> ¤Ï
¥Á¥±¥Ã¥È¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¤¢¤ë
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë tty ¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤ò»È¤¦¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï I<@tty_tickets@> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item lecture

=begin JM-comment

If set, a user will receive a short lecture the first time he/she
runs B<sudo>.  This flag is I<@lecture@> by default.

=end JM-comment

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢
½é¤á¤Æ B<sudo> ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤¿¤È¤­¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ïû¤¤¥ì¥¯¥Á¥ã¡¼¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï I<@lecture@> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item authenticate

=begin JM-comment

If set, users must authenticate themselves via a password (or other
means of authentication) before they may run commands.  This default
may be overridden via the C<PASSWD> and C<NOPASSWD> tags.
This flag is I<on> by default.

=end JM-comment

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É (¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï¡¢Ê̤Îǧ¾ÚÊýË¡) ¤Ç¼«Ê¬¼«¿È¤ËÂФ·¤Æ
ǧ¾Ú¤ò¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤³¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÎÃÍ¤Ï C<PASSWD> ¥¿¥°¤È
C<NOPASSWD> ¥¿¥°¤ò»È¤Ã¤ÆÊѹ¹¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï I<on> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item root_sudo

=begin JM-comment

If set, root is allowed to run B<sudo> too.  Disabling this prevents users
from "chaining" B<sudo> commands to get a root shell by doing something
like C<"sudo sudo /bin/sh">.
This flag is I<on> by default.

=end JM-comment

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢root ¤â B<sudo> ¤¬¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤ò off ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ C<"sudo sudo /bin/sh"> ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê
¡ÖÏ¢º¿¤·¤¿¡×B<sudo> ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢
root ¤Î¥·¥§¥ë¤òÆþ¼ê¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬ËɻߤǤ­¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï I<on> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item log_host

=begin JM-comment

If set, the hostname will be logged in the (non-syslog) B<sudo> log file.
This flag is I<off> by default.

=end JM-comment

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢
¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤¬ (syslog ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤) B<sudo> ¥í¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ëµ­Ï¿¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï I<off> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item log_year

=begin JM-comment

If set, the four-digit year will be logged in the (non-syslog) B<sudo> log file.
This flag is I<off> by default.

=end JM-comment

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢
4 ·å¤Îǯ¤¬ (syslog ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤) B<sudo> ¥í¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ëµ­Ï¿¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï I<off> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item shell_noargs

=begin JM-comment

If set and B<sudo> is invoked with no arguments it acts as if the
B<-s> flag had been given.  That is, it runs a shell as root (the
shell is determined by the C<SHELL> environment variable if it is
set, falling back on the shell listed in the invoking user's
/etc/passwd entry if not).  This flag is I<off> by default.

=end JM-comment

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë B<sudo> ¤¬°ú¤­¿ô¤Ê¤·¤Çµ¯Æ°¤µ¤ì¤ë¤È¡¢
B<-s> ¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬Í¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤ÈƱÍͤËÆ°ºî¤¹¤ë¡£
¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢sudo ¤Ï¥·¥§¥ë¤ò root ¤È¤·¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë
(´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô C<SHELL> ¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢
¥·¥§¥ë¤Ï¤½¤Î´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¤Ç·èÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¡£
ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢
µ¯Æ°¤·¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î /etc/passwd ¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥·¥§¥ë¤ò»È¤¦)¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï I<off> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item set_home

=begin JM-comment

If set and B<sudo> is invoked with the B<-s> flag the C<HOME>
environment variable will be set to the home directory of the target
user (which is root unless the B<-u> option is used).  This effectively
makes the B<-s> flag imply B<-H>.  This flag is I<off> by default.

=end JM-comment

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë
B<sudo> ¤¬ B<-s> ¥Õ¥é¥°¤Çµ¯Æ°¤µ¤ì¤ë¤È¡¢
´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô C<HOME> ¤¬Âоݥ桼¥¶¤Î¥Û¡¼¥à¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤ë
(¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¤ÎÂоݥ桼¥¶¤Ï¡¢B<-u> ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¸Â¤ê root ¤Ç¤¢¤ë)¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¡¢B<-s> ¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë
B<-H> ¤ò°ÅÌۤΤ¦¤Á¤ËÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï I<off> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item always_set_home

=begin JM-comment

If set, B<sudo> will set the C<HOME> environment variable to the home
directory of the target user (which is root unless the B<-u> option is used).
This effectively means that the B<-H> flag is always implied.
This flag is I<off> by default.

=end JM-comment

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢B<sudo> ¤Ï´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô C<HOME> ¤ò
Âоݥ桼¥¶ (B<-u> ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»È¤ï¤Ê¤¤¸Â¤ê¤Ï root) ¤Î
¥Û¡¼¥à¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï B<-H> ¤ò°ÅÌۤΤ¦¤Á¤ËÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï I<off> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item path_info

=begin JM-comment

Normally, B<sudo> will tell the user when a command could not be
found in their C<PATH> environment variable.  Some sites may wish
to disable this as it could be used to gather information on the
location of executables that the normal user does not have access
to.  The disadvantage is that if the executable is simply not in
the user's C<PATH>, B<sudo> will tell the user that they are not
allowed to run it, which can be confusing.  This flag is I<off> by
default.

=end JM-comment

Ä̾ï B<sudo> ¤Ï¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤¬ C<PATH> 
´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¤Ë¸«¤Ä¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¹ðÃΤ¹¤ë¡£
Ä̾ï¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¡¢¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¼Â¹Ô¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¾ì½ê¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë
¾ðÊó¤ò¼ý½¸¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢
¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤³¤Î¹ðÃΤò¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¹Ô¤ï¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¤¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤·¤«¤·¹ðÃΤò¹Ô¤ï¤Ê¤¤¤È¡¢
ñ¤Ë¼Â¹Ô¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î C<PATH> ¤Ë¤Ê¤¤¤À¤±¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤â¡¢
B<sudo> ¤Ï¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¡Ö¼Â¹Ôµö²Ä¤¬¤Ê¤¤¡×¤ÈÅÁ¤¨¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤¡¢
ʶ¤é¤ï¤·¤¯¤Ê¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï I<off> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item preserve_groups

=begin JM-comment

By default B<sudo> will initialize the group vector to the list of
groups the target user is in.  When I<preserve_groups> is set, the
user's existing group vector is left unaltered.  The real and
effective group IDs, however, are still set to match the target
user.  This flag is I<off> by default.

=end JM-comment

¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¡¢B<sudo> ¤Ï¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¥Ù¥¯¥È¥ë¤ò
Âоݥ桼¥¶¤¬½ê°¤¹¤ë¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ç½é´ü²½¤¹¤ë¡£
I<preserve_groups> ¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬´û¤Ë»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¥Ù¥¯¥È¥ë¤ÏÊѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤À¤À¤·¼Â¥°¥ë¡¼¥× ID ¤È¼Â¸ú¥°¥ë¡¼¥× ID ¤Ï¡¢
Âоݥ桼¥¶¤Ë¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï I<off> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item fqdn

=begin JM-comment

Set this flag if you want to put fully qualified hostnames in the
I<sudoers> file.  I.e., instead of myhost you would use myhost.mydomain.edu.
You may still use the short form if you wish (and even mix the two).
Beware that turning on I<fqdn> requires B<sudo> to make DNS lookups
which may make B<sudo> unusable if DNS stops working (for example
if the machine is not plugged into the network).  Also note that
you must use the host's official name as DNS knows it.  That is,
you may not use a host alias (C<CNAME> entry) due to performance
issues and the fact that there is no way to get all aliases from
DNS.  If your machine's hostname (as returned by the C<hostname>
command) is already fully qualified you shouldn't need to set
I<fqdn>.  This flag is I<@fqdn@> by default.

=end JM-comment

I<sudoers> ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë´°Á´¤Ê¥É¥á¥¤¥ó̾ÉÕ¤­¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤òÆþ¤ì¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£
¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á myhost ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯ myhost.mydomain.edu ¤ò»È¤¤¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤â¡¢»È¤¤¤¿¤±¤ì¤Ðû¤¤·Á¼°¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë
(û¤¤·Á¼°¤È´°Á´¤Ê·Á¼°¤òº®¤¼¤Æ»È¤¦¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤ë)¡£
I<fqdn> ¤ò on ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢B<sudo> ¤Ï
DNS ¤Î¥ë¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤¬É¬ÍפˤʤëÅÀ¤ËÃí°Õ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡£
DNS ¤Î¥ë¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤ò¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢
DNS ¤¬²ÔƯ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç
(·×»»µ¡¤¬¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ê¤É¤Ë)
B<sudo> ¤¬»ÈÍѤǤ­¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ë¡£
DNS ¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥Û¥¹¥È¤ÎÀµ¼°¤Ê̾Á°¤ò»È¤ï¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤ÅÀ¤Ë¤âÃí°Õ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡£
¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢¥Ñ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥ó¥¹¤ÎÌäÂê¤È
DNS ¤«¤éÁ´¤Æ¤Î¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¤ò¼èÆÀ¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦ÌäÂ꤫¤é¡¢
¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤Î¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹ (C<CNAME> ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê) ¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¡£
(C<hostname> ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ÇÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë) ·×»»µ¡¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤¬
´û¤Ë¥É¥á¥¤¥ó̾ÉÕ¤­¤Î´°Á´¤Ê¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢
I<fqdn> ¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï I<@fqdn@> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item insults

=begin JM-comment

If set, B<sudo> will insult users when they enter an incorrect
password.  This flag is I<@insults@> by default.

=end JM-comment

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢B<sudo> ¤Ï
ÉÔÀµ¤Ê¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆþÎϤ·¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶¤òÉî¿«¤¹¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï I<@insults@> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item requiretty

=begin JM-comment

If set, B<sudo> will only run when the user is logged in to a real
tty.  This will disallow things like C<"rsh somehost sudo ls"> since
rsh(1) does not allocate a tty.  Because it is not possible to turn
off echo when there is no tty present, some sites may with to set
this flag to prevent a user from entering a visible password.  This
flag is I<off> by default.

=end JM-comment

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ real tty ¤«¤é¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤­¤Î¤ß B<sudo> ¤¬¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
rsh(1) ¤Ï tty ¤ò³ÎÊݤ·¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢
C<"rsh somehost sudo ls">  ¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¤¬µö²Ä¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ë¡£
tty ¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤È¥¨¥³¡¼¤¬¾Ã¤»¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢
ÆþÎÏ»þ¤Ë¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤¬¸½¤ì¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤Î¤òËɻߤ¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÀßÄꤷ¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤¦¥µ¥¤¥È¤â¤¢¤ë¤À¤í¤¦¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï I<off> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item env_editor

=begin JM-comment

If set, B<visudo> will use the value of the EDITOR or VISUAL
environment variables before falling back on the default editor list.
Note that this may create a security hole as it allows the user to
run any arbitrary command as root without logging.  A safer alternative
is to place a colon-separated list of editors in the C<editor>
variable.  B<visudo> will then only use the EDITOR or VISUAL if
they match a value specified in C<editor>.  This flag is C<@env_editor@> by
default.

=end JM-comment

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢B<visudo> ¤Ï
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¥ê¥¹¥È¤ò»È¤¦Á°¤Ë¡¢
´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô EDITOR ¤È VISUAL ¤ÎÃͤò»È¤¦¡£
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï¥í¥°¤Ëµ­Ï¿¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ê¤¯
Ǥ°Õ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò root ¤È¤·¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤Î¤Ç¡¢
¥»¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¥Û¡¼¥ë¤òºî¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦ÅÀ¤ËÃí°Õ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡£
°ÂÁ´¤ÊÂåÂذƤȤ·¤Æ¤Ï¡¢
¥³¥í¥ó¤Ç¶èÀڤä¿¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤ò
C<editor> ÊÑ¿ô¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤½¤¦¤¹¤ë¤ÈB<visudo> ¤Ï¡¢
C<editor> ¤Ë»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿ÃͤË
EDITOR ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï VISUAL ¤¬¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë¤Î¤ß¡¢
¤½¤Î´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¤ò»È¤¦¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï I<@env_editor@> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item rootpw

=begin JM-comment

If set, B<sudo> will prompt for the root password instead of the password
of the invoking user.  This flag is I<off> by default.

=end JM-comment

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢B<sudo> ¤Ï
µ¯Æ°¤·¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢
root ¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÍ׵᤹¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï I<off> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item runaspw

=begin JM-comment

If set, B<sudo> will prompt for the password of the user defined by the
I<runas_default> option (defaults to C<root>) instead of the password
of the invoking user.  This flag is I<off> by default.

=end JM-comment

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢B<sudo> ¤Ï
µ¯Æ°¤·¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢
I<runas_default> ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÇÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶
(¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï C<root>) ¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÍ׵᤹¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï I<off> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item targetpw

=begin JM-comment

If set, B<sudo> will prompt for the password of the user specified by
the B<-u> flag (defaults to C<root>) instead of the password of the
invoking user.  This flag is I<off> by default.

=end JM-comment

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢B<sudo> ¤Ï
µ¯Æ°¤·¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢
B<-u> ¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶
(¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï C<root>) ¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÍ׵᤹¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï I<off> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item set_logname

=begin JM-comment

Normally, B<sudo> will set the C<LOGNAME> and C<USER> environment variables
to the name of the target user (usually root unless the B<-u> flag is given).
However, since some programs (including the RCS revision control system)
use C<LOGNAME> to determine the real identity of the user, it may be desirable
to change this behavior.  This can be done by negating the set_logname option.

=end JM-comment

Ä̾ï B<sudo> ¤Ï´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô C<LOGNAME> ¤È
C<USER> ¤òÂоݥ桼¥¶
(B<-u> ¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Õ¤Ä¤¦¤Ï root) ¤Î̾Á°¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£
¤·¤«¤·¡¢¼ÂºÝ¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¼±Ê̤Ë
C<LOGNAME> ¤ò»È¤¦¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à 
(RCS revision control system ¤Ê¤É¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë) ¤¬¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢
¤³¤ÎµóÆ°¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤¿¤¤¤³¤È¤â¤¢¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ë¤Ï set_logname ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò I<off> ¤Ë¤¹¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤¡£

=item stay_setuid

=begin JM-comment

Normally, when B<sudo> executes a command the real and effective
UIDs are set to the target user (root by default).  This option
changes that behavior such that the real UID is left as the invoking
user's UID.  In other words, this makes B<sudo> act as a setuid
wrapper.  This can be useful on systems that disable some potentially
dangerous functionality when a program is run setuid.  Note, however,
that this means that sudo will run with the real uid of the invoking
user which may allow that user to kill B<sudo> before it can log a
failure, depending on how your OS defines the interaction between
signals and setuid processes.

=end JM-comment

Ä̾ï B<sudo> ¤¬¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢
¼Â UID ¤È¼Â¹Ô UID ¤ÏÂоݥ桼¥¶ (¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï root) ¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¼Â UID ¤ò
µ¯Æ°¤·¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î UID ¤Î¤Þ¤Þ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËÆ°ºî¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¡£
¸À¤¤´¹¤¨¤ë¤È¡¢¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï B<sudo> ¤ò setuid ¥é¥Ã¥Ñ¡¼¤È¤·¤Æ
Æ°ºî¤µ¤»¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ï¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬ setuid ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤ë¤È¤­¤Î
ÀøºßŪ¤Ë´í¸±¤Êµ¡Ç½¤ò̵¸ú¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ÇÌòΩ¤Ä¡£
¤¿¤À¤· B<sudo> ¤Ïµ¯Æ°¤·¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¼Â UID ¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢
OS ¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤È setuid ¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤ÎÁê¸ßºîÍѤÎÄêµÁ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¡¢
B<sudo> ¤¬¼ºÇÔ¤ò¥í¥°¤Ëµ­Ï¿¤¹¤ëÁ°¤Ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ kill ¤Ç¤­¤ëÅÀ¤ËÃí°Õ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡£

=item env_reset

=begin JM-comment

If set, B<sudo> will reset the environment to only contain the
following variables: C<HOME>, C<LOGNAME>, C<PATH>, C<SHELL>, C<TERM>,
and C<USER> (in addition to the C<SUDO_*> variables).
Of these, only C<TERM> is copied unaltered from the old environment.
The other variables are set to default values (possibly modified
by the value of the I<set_logname> option).  If B<sudo> was compiled
with the C<SECURE_PATH> option, its value will be used for the C<PATH>
environment variable.
Other variables may be preserved with the I<env_keep> option.

=end JM-comment

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢B<sudo> ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤ÎÊÑ¿ô¤Î¤ß¤ò´Þ¤à¤è¤¦¤Ë
´Ä¶­¤ò¥ê¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë: C<HOME>, C<LOGNAME>, 
C<PATH>, C<SHELL>, C<TERM>,
C<USER> (C<SUDO_*> °Ê³°¤Ë)¡£
¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Ç C<TERM> ¤À¤±¤¬
°ÊÁ°¤Î´Ä¶­¤«¤é¥³¥Ô¡¼¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
¾¤ÎÊÑ¿ô¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÎÃͤËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤ë
(I<set_logname> ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÎÃͤÇÊѹ¹²Äǽ)¡£
B<sudo> ¤¬ C<SECURE_PATH> ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÉÕ¤±¤Æ
¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢
¤½¤ÎÃͤϴĶ­ÊÑ¿ô C<PATH> ¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
¾¤ÎÊÑ¿ô¤Ï I<env_keep> ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÇÊݸ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£

=item use_loginclass

=begin JM-comment

If set, B<sudo> will apply the defaults specified for the target user's
login class if one exists.  Only available if B<sudo> is configured with
the --with-logincap option.  This flag is I<off> by default.

=end JM-comment

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢B<sudo> ¤Ï¡¢
Âоݥ桼¥¶¤Î¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¥¯¥é¥¹¤¬¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ë»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÎÃͤòŬÍѤ¹¤ë¡£
B<sudo> ¤Î (¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë»þ¤Ë) --with-logincap ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬
ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Î¤ß¡¢Í­¸ú¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï I<off> ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=back

=begin JM-comment

B<Integers>:

=end JM-comment

B<À°¿ô>:

=over 12

=item passwd_tries

=begin JM-comment

The number of tries a user gets to enter his/her password before
B<sudo> logs the failure and exits.  The default is C<@passwd_tries@>.

=end JM-comment

B<sudo> ¤¬¼ºÇÔ¤ò¥í¥°¤Ëµ­Ï¿¤·¤Æ½ªÎ»¤¹¤ë¤Þ¤Ç¤Ë¡¢
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆþÎϤǤ­¤ë²ó¿ô¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï C<@passwd_tries@>¡£

=back

=begin JM-comment

B<Integers that can be used in a boolean context>:

=end JM-comment

B<¿¿µ¶ÃͤȤ·¤Æ¤â»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ëÀ°¿ô>:

=over 12

=item loglinelen

=begin JM-comment

Number of characters per line for the file log.  This value is used
to decide when to wrap lines for nicer log files.  This has no
effect on the syslog log file, only the file log.  The default is
C<@loglen@> (use 0 or negate the option to disable word wrap).

=end JM-comment

¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥í¥°¤Î 1 ¹ÔÅö¤¿¤ê¤Îʸ»ú¿ô¡£
¤³¤ÎÃͤϡ¢¥í¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¸«¤ä¤¹¤¯¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢
¹Ô¤ò²¿·å¤ÇÀÞ¤êÊÖ¤¹¤«¤ò·èÄꤹ¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
syslog ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤Ï²¿¤â±Æ¶Á¤»¤º¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥í¥°¤À¤±¤Ë±Æ¶Á¤¹¤ë¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï C<@loglen@> 
(ÀÞ¤êÊÖ¤·¤ò¤·¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï 0 ¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤«¡¢
¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò̵¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë)¡£

=item timestamp_timeout

=begin JM-comment

Number of minutes that can elapse before B<sudo> will ask for a
passwd again.  The default is C<@timeout@>.  Set this to C<0> to always
prompt for a password.
If set to a value less than C<0> the user's timestamp will never
expire.  This can be used to allow users to create or delete their
own timestamps via C<sudo -v> and C<sudo -k> respectively.

=end JM-comment

B<sudo> ¤¬ºÆÅ٥ѥ¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò¿Ò¤Í¤ë¤Þ¤Ç¤Ë·Ð²á¤¹¤ëʬ¿ô¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï C<@timeout@>¡£
¾ï¤Ë¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÍ׵ᤵ¤»¤ë¤Ë¤Ï C<0> ¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£
C<0> ¤è¤ê¾®¤µ¤¤ÃͤËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥¿¥¤¥à¥¹¥¿¥ó¥×¤Ï¼º¸ú¤·¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ï¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¼«¿È¤Î¥¿¥¤¥à¥¹¥¿¥ó¥×¤ÎºîÀ®¡¦ºï½ü¤ò
C<sudo -v> ¤ä
C<sudo -k> ¤Ç²Äǽ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë»È¤¦¡£

=item passwd_timeout

=begin JM-comment

Number of minutes before the B<sudo> password prompt times out.
The default is C<@password_timeout@>, set this to C<0> for no password timeout.

=end JM-comment

B<sudo> ¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥ÉÍ׵᤬»þ´ÖÀÚ¤ì¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Þ¤Ç¤Îʬ¿ô¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï C<@password_timeout@>¡£
¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥ÉÍ×µá¤Î»þ´ÖÀÚ¤ì¤ò¤Ê¤¯¤¹¤Ë¤Ï C<0> ¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£

=item umask

=begin JM-comment

Umask to use when running the command.  Negate this option or set
it to 0777 to preserve the user's umask.  The default is C<@sudo_umask@>.

=end JM-comment

¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Î umask¡£
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î umask ¤ò¾å½ñ¤­¤·¤Ê¤¤¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò̵¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤« 0777 ¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï C<@sudo_umask@>¡£

=back

=begin JM-comment

B<Strings>:

=end JM-comment

B<ʸ»úÎó>:

=over 12

=item mailsub

=begin JM-comment

Subject of the mail sent to the I<mailto> user. The escape C<%h>
will expand to the hostname of the machine.
Default is C<@mailsub@>.

=end JM-comment

I<mailto> ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ËÁ÷¤é¤ì¤ë¥á¡¼¥ë¤Î Subject (Âê̾)¡£
¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥× C<%h> ¤Ï·×»»µ¡¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤ËŸ³«¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï C<@mailsub@>¡£

=item badpass_message

=begin JM-comment

Message that is displayed if a user enters an incorrect password.
The default is C<@badpass_message@> unless insults are enabled.

=end JM-comment

¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ÉÔÀµ¤Ê¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆþÎϤ·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ëɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¡£
insults ¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¸Â¤ê¡¢
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï C<@badpass_message@>¡£

=item timestampdir

=begin JM-comment

The directory in which B<sudo> stores its timestamp files.
The default is F<@timedir@>.

=end JM-comment

B<sudo> ¤¬¥¿¥¤¥à¥¹¥¿¥ó¥×¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÃÖ¤¯¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï F<@timedir@>¡£

=item timestampowner

=begin JM-comment

The owner of the timestamp directory and the timestamps stored therein.
The default is C<root>.

=end JM-comment

¥¿¥¤¥à¥¹¥¿¥ó¥×¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤È¡¢
¤½¤³¤Ë³ÊǼ¤µ¤ì¤ë¥¿¥¤¥à¥¹¥¿¥ó¥×¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î½êÍ­¼Ô¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï C<root>¡£

=item passprompt

=begin JM-comment

The default prompt to use when asking for a password; can be overridden
via the B<-p> option or the C<SUDO_PROMPT> environment variable.
The following percent (`C<%>') escapes are supported:

=end JM-comment

¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò¿Ò¤Í¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¡£
B<-p> ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ä´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô
C<SUDO_PROMPT> ¤ò»È¤Ã¤ÆÊѹ¹¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥È (`C<%>') ¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤¬¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

=over 8

=item C<%u>

=begin JM-comment

expanded to the invoking user's login name

=end JM-comment

µ¯Æ°¤·¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥í¥°¥¤¥ó̾¤ËŸ³«¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£

=item C<%U>

=begin JM-comment

expanded to the login name of the user the command will
be run as (defaults to root)

=end JM-comment

¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥í¥°¥¤¥ó̾¤ËŸ³«¤µ¤ì¤ë
(¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï root ¤Ç¤¢¤ë)¡£

=item C<%h>

=begin JM-comment

expanded to the local hostname without the domain name

=end JM-comment

¥É¥á¥¤¥ó̾¤ò´Þ¤Þ¤Ê¤¤¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤ËŸ³«¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£

=item C<%H>

=begin JM-comment

expanded to the local hostname including the domain name
(on if the machine's hostname is fully qualified or the I<fqdn>
option is set)

=end JM-comment

(¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤¬´°Á´Ì¾¤Ç¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢
¤Þ¤¿¤Ï I<fqdn> sudoers ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç)
¥É¥á¥¤¥ó̾¤ò´Þ¤à¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤ËŸ³«¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£

=item C<%%>

=begin JM-comment

two consecutive C<%> characters are collaped into a single C<%> character

=end JM-comment

2 ¤ÄϢ³¤·¤¿ C<%> ʸ»ú¤Ï 1 ¤Ä¤Î C<%> ʸ»ú¤Ë¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£

=back 8

=begin JM-comment

The default value is C<@passprompt@>.

=end JM-comment

¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥ÈÃÍ¤Ï C<@passprompt@>¡£

=item runas_default

=begin JM-comment

The default user to run commands as if the B<-u> flag is not specified
on the command line.  This defaults to C<@runas_default@>.

=end JM-comment

B<-u> ¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤Ç»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¡¢
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï C<@runas_default@>¡£

=item syslog_goodpri

=begin JM-comment

Syslog priority to use when user authenticates successfully.
Defaults to C<@goodpri@>.

=end JM-comment

¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬Ç§¾Ú¤ËÀ®¸ù¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë syslog ¤ÎÍ¥ÀèÅÙ (priority)¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï C<@goodpri@>¡£

=item syslog_badpri

=begin JM-comment

Syslog priority to use when user authenticates unsuccessfully.
Defaults to C<@badpri@>.

=end JM-comment

¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬Ç§¾Ú¤Ë¼ºÇÔ¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë syslog ¤ÎÍ¥ÀèÅÙ¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï C<@badpri@>¡£

=item editor

=begin JM-comment

A colon (':') separated list of editors allowed to be used with
B<visudo>.  B<visudo> will choose the editor that matches the user's
USER environment variable if possible, or the first editor in the
list that exists and is executable.  The default is the path to vi
on your system.

=end JM-comment

B<visudo> ¤Ç»ÈÍѲÄǽ¤Ê¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¡£
¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ï¥³¥í¥ó (':') ¤Ç¶èÀڤ롣
B<visudo> ¤Ï¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î USER ´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
¤½¤ì¤Ë¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤òÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¡£
ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢
¥ê¥¹¥ÈÃæ¤Ë¸ºß¤¹¤ë¼Â¹Ô²Äǽ¤ÊºÇ½é¤Î¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤òÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¾å¤Î vi ¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¡£

=back

=begin JM-comment

B<Strings that can be used in a boolean context>:

=end JM-comment

B<¿¿µ¶ÃͤȤ·¤Æ¤â»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ëʸ»úÎó>:

=over 12

=item logfile

=begin JM-comment

Path to the B<sudo> log file (not the syslog log file).  Setting a path
turns on logging to a file; negating this option turns it off.

=end JM-comment

(syslog ¥í¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯) B<sudo> ¥í¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ø¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¡£
¥Ñ¥¹¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢¤½¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ø¥í¥°¤¬µ­Ï¿¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò̵¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ì¤Ð¡¢µ­Ï¿¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£

=item syslog

=begin JM-comment

Syslog facility if syslog is being used for logging (negate to
disable syslog logging).  Defaults to C<@logfac@>.

=end JM-comment

¥í¥°¤Îµ­Ï¿¤Ë syslog ¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Î syslog ¤Îµ¡Ç½Ê¬Îà (facility)
(syslog ¤Ë¤è¤ë¥í¥°¤Îµ­Ï¿¤ò¤·¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢ÀßÄꤷ¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È)¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï C<@logfac@>¡£

=item mailerpath

=begin JM-comment

Path to mail program used to send warning mail.
Defaults to the path to sendmail found at configure time.

=end JM-comment

·Ù¹ð¥á¡¼¥ë¤òÁ÷¤ë¤Î¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¥á¡¼¥ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï¡¢(¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤Î) ÀßÄê»þ¤Ë¸«¤Ä¤«¤Ã¤¿ sendmail ¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¡£

=item mailerflags

=begin JM-comment

Flags to use when invoking mailer. Defaults to B<-t>.

=end JM-comment

¥á¡¼¥é¡¼¤òµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¥Õ¥é¥°¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï B<-t>¡£

=item mailto

=begin JM-comment

Address to send warning and error mail to.  The address should
be enclosed in double quotes (C<">) to protect against sudo
interpreting the C<@> sign.  Defaults to C<@mailto@>.

=end JM-comment

·Ù¹ð¥á¡¼¥ë¤È¥¨¥é¡¼¥á¡¼¥ë¤òÁ÷¤ë¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¡£
¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ï¡¢sudo ¤¬ C<@> µ­¹æ¤ò²ò¼á¤·¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢
¥À¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥©¡¼¥È (C<">) ¤Ç³ç¤é¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï C<@mailto@>¡£

=item exempt_group

=begin JM-comment

Users in this group are exempt from password and PATH requirements.
This is not set by default.

=end JM-comment

¤³¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ë°¤¹¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï¡¢¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤È PATH ¤¬É¬Íפʤ¤¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤ÏÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£

=item verifypw

=begin JM-comment

This option controls when a password will be required when a user runs
B<sudo> with the B<-v> flag.  It has the following possible values:

=end JM-comment

¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ B<sudo> ¤ò B<-v> ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤·¤¿¤È¤­¤Ë¡¢
¤¤¤Ä¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤¬É¬ÍפȤµ¤ì¤ë¤«¤òÀ©¸æ¤¹¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤Ï°Ê²¼¤ÎÃͤΤ¤¤º¤ì¤«¤òÀßÄê¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£

=over 8

=item all

=begin JM-comment

All the user's I<sudoers> entries for the current host must have
the C<NOPASSWD> flag set to avoid entering a password.

=end JM-comment

¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ÎÆþÎϤò¤Ê¤·¤Ç¤¹¤Þ¤»¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
¸½ºß¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î I<sudoers> ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ë
C<NOPASSWD> ¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£

=item any

=begin JM-comment

At least one of the user's I<sudoers> entries for the current host
must have the C<NOPASSWD> flag set to avoid entering a password.

=end JM-comment

¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ÎÆþÎϤò¤Ê¤·¤Ç¤¹¤Þ¤»¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
¸½ºß¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â°ì¿Í¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î
I<sudoers> ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ë C<NOPASSWD> ¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬
ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£

=item never

=begin JM-comment

The user need never enter a password to use the B<-v> flag.

=end JM-comment

¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï¡¢B<-v> ¥Õ¥é¥°¤ò»È¤¦ºÝ¤Ë¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òɬÍפȤ·¤Ê¤¤¡£

=item always

=begin JM-comment

The user must always enter a password to use the B<-v> flag.

=end JM-comment

¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï¡¢B<-v> ¥Õ¥é¥°¤ò»È¤¦ºÝ¤Ë¾ï¤Ë¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆþÎϤ·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£

=back

=begin JM-comment

The default value is `all'.

=end JM-comment

¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÎÃÍ¤Ï `all' ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=item listpw

=begin JM-comment

This option controls when a password will be required when a
user runs B<sudo> with the B<-l> flag.  It has the following possible values:

=end JM-comment

¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ B<sudo> ¤ò B<-l> ¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤·¤¿¤È¤­¤Ë¡¢
¤¤¤Ä¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤¬É¬ÍפȤµ¤ì¤ë¤«¤òÀ©¸æ¤¹¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤Ï°Ê²¼¤ÎÃͤΤ¤¤º¤ì¤«¤òÀßÄê¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£

=over 8

=item all

=begin JM-comment

All the user's I<sudoers> entries for the current host must have
the C<NOPASSWD> flag set to avoid entering a password.

=end JM-comment

¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ÎÆþÎϤò¤Ê¤·¤Ç¤¹¤Þ¤»¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
¸½ºß¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î I<sudoers> ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ë
C<NOPASSWD> ¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£

=item any

=begin JM-comment

At least one of the user's I<sudoers> entries for the current host
must have the C<NOPASSWD> flag set to avoid entering a password.

=end JM-comment

¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ÎÆþÎϤò¤Ê¤·¤Ç¤¹¤Þ¤»¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
¸½ºß¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â°ì¿Í¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î I<sudoers> ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ë
C<NOPASSWD> ¥Õ¥é¥°¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£

=item never

=begin JM-comment

The user need never enter a password to use the B<-l> flag.

=end JM-comment

¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï¡¢B<-l> ¥Õ¥é¥°¤ò»È¤¦ºÝ¤Ë¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òɬÍפȤ·¤Ê¤¤¡£

=item always

=begin JM-comment

The user must always enter a password to use the B<-l> flag.

=end JM-comment

¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï¡¢B<-l> ¥Õ¥é¥°¤ò»È¤¦ºÝ¤Ë¾ï¤Ë¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆþÎϤ·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£

=back

=begin JM-comment

The default value is `any'.

=end JM-comment

¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÎÃÍ¤Ï `any' ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=back

=begin JM-comment

B<Lists that can be used in a boolean context>:

=end JM-comment

B<¿¿µ¶ÃͤȤ·¤Æ¤â»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¥ê¥¹¥È>:

=over 12

=item env_check

=begin JM-comment

Environment variables to be removed from the user's environment if
the variable's value contains C<%> or C</> characters.  This can
be used to guard against printf-style format vulnerabilities in
poorly-written programs.  The argument may be a double-quoted,
space-separated list or a single value without double-quotes.  The
list can be replaced, added to, deleted from, or disabled by using
the C<=>, C<+=>, C<-=>, and C<!> operators respectively.  The default
list of environment variables to check is printed when B<sudo> is
run by root with the I<-V> option.

=end JM-comment

ÊÑ¿ô¤ÎÃÍ¤Ë C<%> ʸ»ú¤Þ¤¿¤Ï C</> ʸ»ú¤ò
´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î´Ä¶­¤«¤éºï½ü¤µ¤ì¤ë´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¡£
¤³¤ì¤ÏÎɤ¯¹Í¤¨¤º¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë
printf ·Á¼°¤ÎÀȼåÀ­¤òËɤ°¤¿¤á¤Ë¤¢¤ë¡£
°ú¤­¿ô¤Ï¥À¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥©¡¼¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç°Ï¤ó¤À¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¶èÀÚ¤ê¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¡¢
¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥¯¥©¡¼¥È¤·¤Ê¤¤ 1 ¸Ä¤ÎÃͤǤ¢¤ë¡£
¥ê¥¹¥È¤ÎÃÖ´¹¡¦Äɲᦺï½ü¡¦Ìµ¸ú²½¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì
C<=>, C<+=>, 
C<-=>, C<!> ¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥¿¤Ç¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤µ¤ì¤ë´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ï¡¢
B<sudo> ¤Ë I<-V> ¤ò¤Ä¤±¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤Èɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£

=item env_delete

=begin JM-comment

Environment variables to be removed from the user's environment.
The argument may be a double-quoted, space-separated list or a
single value without double-quotes.  The list can be replaced, added
to, deleted from, or disabled by using the C<=>, C<+=>, C<-=>, and
C<!> operators respectively.  The default list of environment
variables to remove is printed when B<sudo> is run by root with the
I<-V> option.  Note that many operating systems will remove potentially
dangerous variables from the environment of any setuid process (such
as B<sudo>).

=end JM-comment

¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î´Ä¶­¤«¤éºï½ü¤µ¤ì¤ë´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¡£
°ú¤­¿ô¤Ï¥À¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥©¡¼¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç°Ï¤ó¤À¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¶èÀÚ¤ê¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¡¢
¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥¯¥©¡¼¥È¤·¤Ê¤¤ 1 ¸Ä¤ÎÃͤǤ¢¤ë¡£
¥ê¥¹¥È¤ÎÃÖ´¹¡¦Äɲᦺï½ü¡¦Ìµ¸ú²½¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì
C<=>, C<+=>, 
C<-=>, C<!> ¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥¿¤Ç¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤µ¤ì¤ë´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ï¡¢
B<sudo> ¤Ë I<-V> ¤ò¤Ä¤±¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤Èɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
¿¤¯¤Î OS ¤Ç¤Ï (B<sudo> ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê) setuid ¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¤«¤é
´í¸±À­¤¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ë²ÄǽÀ­¤Î¤¢¤ë¤â¤Î¤ò¼è¤ê½ü¤¯¡£

=item env_keep

=begin JM-comment

Environment variables to be preserved in the user's environment
when the I<env_reset> option is in effect.  This allows fine-grained
control over the environment B<sudo>-spawned processes will receive.
The argument may be a double-quoted, space-separated list or a
single value without double-quotes.  The list can be replaced, added
to, deleted from, or disabled by using the C<=>, C<+=>, C<-=>, and
C<!> operators respectively.  This list has no default members.

=end JM-comment

I<env_reset> ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë¡¢
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î´Ä¶­¤ÇÊݸ¤µ¤ì¤ë´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤ê B<sudo> ¤¬µ¯Æ°¤·¤¿¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬¼õ¤±¼è¤ë´Ä¶­¤òºÙ¤«¤¯À©¸æ¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
°ú¤­¿ô¤Ï¥À¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥©¡¼¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç°Ï¤ó¤À¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¶èÀÚ¤ê¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¡¢
¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥¯¥©¡¼¥È¤·¤Ê¤¤ 1 ¸Ä¤ÎÃͤǤ¢¤ë¡£
¥ê¥¹¥È¤ÎÃÖ´¹¡¦Äɲᦺï½ü¡¦Ìµ¸ú²½¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì
C<=>, C<+=>, 
C<-=>, C<!> ¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥¿¤Ç¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï²¿¤â´Þ¤Þ¤Ê¤¤¡£

=back

=begin JM-comment

When logging via syslog(3), B<sudo> accepts the following values for the syslog
facility (the value of the B<syslog> Parameter): B<authpriv> (if your OS
supports it), B<auth>, B<daemon>, B<user>, B<local0>, B<local1>, B<local2>,
B<local3>, B<local4>, B<local5>, B<local6>, and B<local7>.  The following
syslog priorities are supported: B<alert>, B<crit>, B<debug>, B<emerg>,
B<err>, B<info>, B<notice>, and B<warning>.

=end JM-comment

syslog(3) ¤Ç¥í¥°¤òµ­Ï¿¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢
B<sudo> ¤Ï syslog ¤Îµ¡Ç½Ê¬Îà (B<syslog> ¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤ÎÃÍ) ¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢
B<authpriv> (OS ¤¬¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç),
B<auth>, B<daemon>, B<user>, B<local0>, B<local1>, B<local2>,
B<local3>, B<local4>, B<local5>, B<local6>, B<local7>
¤ò¼õ¤±ÉÕ¤±¤ë¡£
syslog ¤ÎÍ¥ÀèÅ٤Ȥ·¤Æ¤Ï¡¢
B<alert>, B<crit>, B<debug>, B<emerg>,
B<err>, B<info>, B<notice>, B<warning>
¤¬¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

=head2 User Specification

 User_Spec ::= User_List Host_List '=' Cmnd_Spec_List \
               (':' User_Spec)*

 Cmnd_Spec_List ::= Cmnd_Spec |
                    Cmnd_Spec ',' Cmnd_Spec_List

 Cmnd_Spec ::= Runas_Spec? ('NOPASSWD:' | 'PASSWD:')? Cmnd

 Runas_Spec ::= '(' Runas_List ')'

=begin JM-comment

A B<user specification> determines which commands a user may run
(and as what user) on specified hosts.  By default, commands are
run as B<root>, but this can be changed on a per-command basis.

=end JM-comment

B<¥æ¡¼¥¶ÀßÄê>¤Ï¡¢»ØÄꤷ¤¿¥Û¥¹¥È¾å¤Ç¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ (¤É¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤È¤·¤Æ)
¤É¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤«¤ò·èÄꤹ¤ë¡£
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï B<root> ¤È¤·¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤ë¤¬¡¢
¤³¤ì¤Ï¥³¥Þ¥ó¥ÉËè¤ËÊѹ¹²Äǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=begin JM-comment

Let's break that down into its constituent parts:

=end JM-comment

¥æ¡¼¥¶ÀßÄê¤ò¹½À®Í×ÁǤ´¤È¤Ëʬ¤±¤Æ¤ß¤ë¡£

=head2 Runas_Spec

=begin JM-comment

A C<Runas_Spec> is simply a C<Runas_List> (as defined above)
enclosed in a set of parentheses.  If you do not specify a
C<Runas_Spec> in the user specification, a default C<Runas_Spec>
of B<root> will be used.  A C<Runas_Spec> sets the default for
commands that follow it.  What this means is that for the entry:

=end JM-comment

C<Runas_Spec> ¤Ïñ¤Ë
(¾å¤ÇÄêµÁ¤·¤¿) C<Runas_List> ¤ò³ç¸Ì¤Ç³ç¤Ã¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¥æ¡¼¥¶ÀßÄê¤Ç C<Runas_Spec> ¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Ê¤¤¤È¡¢
B<root> ¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î C<Runas_Spec> ¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
C<Runas_Spec> ¤Ï¡¢¤½¤Î¸å¤Ë³¤¯¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£
¤Ä¤Þ¤ê:

 dgb    boulder = (operator) /bin/ls, /bin/kill, /usr/bin/lprm

=begin JM-comment

The user B<dgb> may run F</bin/ls>, F</bin/kill>, and
F</usr/bin/lprm> -- but only as B<operator>.  E.g.,

=end JM-comment

¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢
¥æ¡¼¥¶ B<dgb> ¤Ï¡¢I</bin/ls>, I</bin/kill>, I</usr/bin/lprm> ¤ò
¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë -- ¤¿¤À¤· B<operator> ¤È¤·¤Æ¤Î¤ß¡£Î㤨¤Ð:

    sudo -u operator /bin/ls

=begin JM-comment

It is also possible to override a C<Runas_Spec> later on in an
entry.  If we modify the entry like so:

=end JM-comment

C<Runas_Spec> ¤ò¸å¤«¤é¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¾å½ñ¤­¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â²Äǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

 dgb    boulder = (operator) /bin/ls, (root) /bin/kill, /usr/bin/lprm

=begin JM-comment

Then user B<dgb> is now allowed to run F</bin/ls> as B<operator>,
but  F</bin/kill> and F</usr/bin/lprm> as B<root>.

=end JM-comment

¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë½¤Àµ¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢
¥æ¡¼¥¶ B<dgb> ¤Ï I</bin/ls> ¤ò B<operator> ¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢
¤Þ¤¿ I</bin/kill> ¤È I</usr/bin/lprm> ¤ò B<root> ¤È¤·¤Æ
¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬µö²Ä¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£

=head2 NOPASSWD and PASSWD

=begin JM-comment

By default, B<sudo> requires that a user authenticate him or herself
before running a command.  This behavior can be modified via the
C<NOPASSWD> tag.  Like a C<Runas_Spec>, the C<NOPASSWD> tag sets
a default for the commands that follow it in the C<Cmnd_Spec_List>.
Conversely, the C<PASSWD> tag can be used to reverse things.
For example:

=end JM-comment

¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¡¢B<sudo> ¤Ï
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ëÁ°¤Ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¼«¿È¤Îǧ¾Ú¤òɬÍפȤ¹¤ë¡£
¤³¤ÎÆ°ºî¤Ï C<NOPASSWD> ¥¿¥°¤ÇÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
C<Runas_Spec> ¤ÈƱÍͤˡ¢C<NOPASSWD> ¥¿¥°¤Ï
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ò¤½¤Î¸å¤Ë³¤¯
C<Cmnd_Spec_List> ¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£
µÕ¤Ë C<PASSWD> ¤Ï¤³¤ì¤ò¸µ¤ËÌ᤹¤¿¤á¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
Î㤨¤Ð:

 ray    rushmore = NOPASSWD: /bin/kill, /bin/ls, /usr/bin/lprm

=begin JM-comment

would allow the user B<ray> to run F</bin/kill>, F</bin/ls>, and
F</usr/bin/lprm> as root on the machine rushmore as B<root> without
authenticating himself.  If we only want B<ray> to be able to
run F</bin/kill> without a password the entry would be:

=end JM-comment

¤È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶ B<ray> ¤ÏÈ༫¿È¤Ø¤Îǧ¾Ú¤Ê¤·¤Ç
·×»»µ¡ rushmore ¤Î B<root> ¤È¤·¤Æ
I</bin/kill>, I</bin/ls>, I</usr/bin/lprm> 
¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
B<ray> ¤Ë I</bin/kill> ¤À¤±¤ò
¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ê¤·¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤»¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£

 ray    rushmore = NOPASSWD: /bin/kill, PASSWD: /bin/ls, /usr/bin/lprm

=begin JM-comment

Note, however, that the C<PASSWD> tag has no effect on users who are
in the group specified by the exempt_group option.

=end JM-comment

¤¿¤À¤·¡¢C<PASSWD> ¥¿¥°¤Ï exempt_group ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç
»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ë°¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¤Ï¸ú²Ì¤¬¤Ê¤¤ÅÀ¤ËÃí°Õ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡£

=begin JM-comment

By default, if the C<NOPASSWD> tag is applied to any of the entries
for a user on the current host, he or she will be able to run
C<sudo -l> without a password.  Additionally, a user may only run
C<sudo -v> without a password if the C<NOPASSWD> tag is present
for all a user's entries that pertain to the current host.
This behavior may be overridden via the verifypw and listpw options.

=end JM-comment

¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¸½ºß¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¾å¤Î¤¢¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¤É¤ì¤«¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ë
C<NOPASSWD> ¥¿¥°¤¬Å¬ÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ð¡¢
¤½¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï C<sudo -l> ¤ò
¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ê¤·¤Ë¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
¤µ¤é¤Ë¡¢¤¢¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¸½ºß¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë´ØÏ¢¤¹¤ëÁ´¤Æ¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ë
C<NOPASSWD> ¥¿¥°¤¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¸Â¤ê¡¢
¤½¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï C<sudo -v> ¤ò
¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ê¤·¤Ë¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
¤³¤ÎÆ°ºî¤Ï verifypw ¤È listpw ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»È¤Ã¤ÆÊѹ¹¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£

=head2 Wildcards (aka meta characters):

=begin JM-comment

B<sudo> allows shell-style I<wildcards> to be used in pathnames
as well as command line arguments in the I<sudoers> file.  Wildcard
matching is done via the B<POSIX> C<fnmatch(3)> routine.  Note that
these are I<not> regular expressions.

=end JM-comment

B<sudo> ¤Ï I<sudoers> ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¢
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó°ú¤­¿ô¤ä¥Ñ¥¹Ì¾¤ËÂФ·¤Æ
¥·¥§¥ë·Á¼°¤ÎI<¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É>¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É¤Î¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¥ó¥°¤Ï¡¢
B<POSIX> ¤Î C<fnmatch(3)> ¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
Àµµ¬É½¸½I<¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤>ÅÀ¤ËÃí°Õ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡£

=over 8

=item C<*>

=begin JM-comment

Matches any set of zero or more characters.

=end JM-comment

Ǥ°Õ¤Î 0 ¸Ä°Ê¾å¤Îʸ»ú¤Ë¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¡£

=item C<?>

=begin JM-comment

Matches any single character.

=end JM-comment

Ǥ°Õ¤Î 1 ¸Ä¤Îʸ»ú¤Ë¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¡£

=item C<[...]>

=begin JM-comment

Matches any character in the specified range.

=end JM-comment

»ØÄꤷ¤¿ÈϰϤˤ¢¤ëǤ°Õ¤Îʸ»ú¤Ë¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¡£

=item C<[!...]>

=begin JM-comment

Matches any character B<not> in the specified range.

=end JM-comment

»ØÄꤷ¤¿ÈϰϤËB<¤Ê¤¤>Ǥ°Õ¤Îʸ»ú¤Ë¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¡£

=item C<\x>

=begin JM-comment

For any character "x", evaluates to "x".  This is used to
escape special characters such as: "*", "?", "[", and "}".

=end JM-comment

"x" ¤Çɾ²Á¤µ¤ì¤ëǤ°Õ¤Îʸ»ú "x"¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢"*", "?", "[", "}" ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê
¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×ʸ»ú¤ËÂФ·¤Æ»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£

=back

=begin JM-comment

Note that a forward slash ('/') will B<not> be matched by
wildcards used in the pathname.  When matching the command
line arguments, however, a slash B<does> get matched by
wildcards.  This is to make a path like:

=end JM-comment

¥Õ¥©¥ï¡¼¥É¥¹¥é¥Ã¥·¥å ('/') ¤Ï¡¢¥Ñ¥¹Ì¾¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤Ï
¥Þ¥Ã¥ÁB<¤·¤Ê¤¤>ÅÀ¤ËÃí°Õ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡£
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó°ú¤­¿ô¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¥ó¥°¤ò¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢
¥¹¥é¥Ã¥·¥å¤Ï¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É¤Ë¥Þ¥Ã¥ÁB<¤¹¤ë>¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ï

    /usr/bin/*

=begin JM-comment

match C</usr/bin/who> but not C</usr/bin/X11/xterm>.

=end JM-comment

¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥Ñ¥¹¤ò¡¢
C</usr/bin/who> ¤Ë¤Ï¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤µ¤»¡¢
C</usr/bin/X11/xterm> ¤Ë¤Ï¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤µ¤»¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=head2 Exceptions to wildcard rules:

=begin JM-comment

The following exceptions apply to the above rules:

=end JM-comment

¾å¤Îµ¬Â§¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¡¢¼¡¤ÎÎã³°¤¬Å¬ÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¡£

=over 8

=item C<"">

=begin JM-comment

If the empty string C<""> is the only command line argument in the
I<sudoers> entry it means that command is not allowed to be run
with B<any> arguments.

=end JM-comment

¶õ¤Îʸ»úÎó C<""> ¤¬ I<sudoers> ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Î
Í£°ì¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó°ú¤­¿ô¤Ç¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢
¡Ö¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ë°ú¤­¿ô¤òB<¤Ä¤±¤¿>¤È¤­¤Ï¡¢¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬µö²Ä¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡×
¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤ò°ÕÌ£¤¹¤ë¡£

=back

=head2 Other special characters and reserved words:

=begin JM-comment

The pound sign ('#') is used to indicate a comment (unless it
occurs in the context of a user name and is followed by one or
more digits, in which case it is treated as a uid).  Both the
comment character and any text after it, up to the end of the line,
are ignored.

=end JM-comment

¥·¥ã¡¼¥×µ­¹æ ('#') ¤Ï¥³¥á¥ó¥È¤òɽ¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£
(¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï½ü¤¯¡£
¤Þ¤¿¡¢1 ¸Ä°Ê¾å¤Î¿ô»ú¤¬Â³¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶ ID ¤È¤·¤Æ°·¤ï¤ì¤ë¾ì¹ç¤â½ü¤¯¡£)
¥³¥á¥ó¥Èʸ»ú¤È¤½¤ì°Ê¹ß¤Î¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤Ï¡¢¹ÔËö¤Þ¤Ç̵»ë¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£

=begin JM-comment

The reserved word B<ALL> is a built in I<alias> that always causes
a match to succeed.  It can be used wherever one might otherwise
use a C<Cmnd_Alias>, C<User_Alias>, C<Runas_Alias>, or C<Host_Alias>.
You should not try to define your own I<alias> called B<ALL> as the
built in alias will be used in preference to your own.  Please note
that using B<ALL> can be dangerous since in a command context, it
allows the user to run B<any> command on the system.

=end JM-comment

ͽÌó¸ì B<ALL> ¤ÏÁȹþ¤ß¤ÎI<¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹>¤Ç¡¢
¾ï¤Ë¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤òÀ®¸ù¤µ¤»¤ë¡£
¤³¤ÎͽÌó¸ì¤Ï¤É¤³¤Ç¤â»È¤¨¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤ò»È¤¤¤¿¤¯¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢
C<Cmnd_Alias>, C<User_Alias>, 
C<Runas_Alias>, C<Host_Alias>
¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¡£
B<ALL> ¤È¤¤¤¦ I<¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹> ¤ò¼«Ê¬¤ÇÄêµÁ¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
Áȹþ¤ß¤Î¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¤¬Í¥À褵¤ì¤ë¤«¤é¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
B<ALL> ¤ò»È¤¦¤È´í¸±¤Ë¤Ê¤ë²ÄǽÀ­¤¬¤¢¤ëÅÀ¤ËÃí°Õ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡£
¤Ê¤¼¤Ê¤é¡¢¤³¤ì¤ò¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Î»ØÄê¤Ç»È¤¦¤È¡¢
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¾å¤ÎB<Á´¤Æ¤Î>¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤«¤é¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

=begin JM-comment

An exclamation point ('!') can be used as a logical I<not> operator
both in an I<alias> and in front of a C<Cmnd>.  This allows one to
exclude certain values.  Note, however, that using a C<!> in
conjunction with the built in C<ALL> alias to allow a user to
run "all but a few" commands rarely works as intended (see SECURITY
NOTES below).

=end JM-comment

´¶Ã²Éä ('!') ¤Ï¡¢I<¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹>¤ÎÃæ¤È C<Cmnd> ¤ÎÁ°¤Ç¡¢
ÏÀÍý³Ø¤Î I<not> ¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥¿¤È¤·¤Æ»È¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢¤¢¤ëÃͤòÇÓ½ü¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤·¤«¤· C<!> ¤ò
Áȹþ¤ß¤Î C<ALL> ¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¤ÈÁȤ߹ç¤ï¤»¤Æ¡¢
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ "Á´¤Æ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯°ìÉô¤Î" ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë
¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢°Õ¿Þ¤·¤¿¤è¤¦¤ËÆ°ºî¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ïµ©¤Ç¤¢¤ëÅÀ¤ËÃí°Õ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È
(°Ê²¼¤Î¡Ö¥»¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¾å¤ÎÃí°Õ¡×¤ò»²¾È)¡£

=begin JM-comment

Long lines can be continued with a backslash ('\') as the last
character on the line.

=end JM-comment

Ť¤¹Ô¤Ï¡¢¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¹¥é¥Ã¥·¥å ('\') ¤ò¹Ô¤ÎºÇ¸å¤Îʸ»ú¤Ë¤¹¤ì¤Ð
³¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£

=begin JM-comment

Whitespace between elements in a list as well as special syntactic
characters in a I<User Specification> ('=', ':', '(', ')') is optional.

=end JM-comment

¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¹½À®Í×ÁǴ֤ζõÇò¤ä¡¢
I<¥æ¡¼¥¶ÀßÄê>¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ëÆüì¤Ê¹½Ê¸Ê¸»ú
('=', ':', '(', ')') ¤Ï¡¢¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤¡£

=begin JM-comment

The following characters must be escaped with a backslash ('\') when
used as part of a word (e.g. a username or hostname):
'@', '!', '=', ':', ',', '(', ')', '\'.

=end JM-comment

'@', '!', '=', ':', ',', '(', ')', '\'
¤È¤¤¤¦Ê¸»ú¤ò¥ï¡¼¥É (Î㤨¤Ð¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¤ä¥Û¥¹¥È̾) ¤Î°ìÉô¤È¤·¤Æ»È¤¦¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢
¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¹¥é¥Ã¥·¥å ('\') ¤Ç¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£

=head1 EXAMPLES

=begin JM-comment

Below are example I<sudoers> entries.  Admittedly, some of
these are a bit contrived.  First, we define our I<aliases>:

=end JM-comment

°Ê²¼¤Ï I<sudoers> ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
ÀµÄ¾¤Ê¤È¤³¤í¡¢¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Ï¾¯¤·¤ï¤¶¤È¤é¤·¤¤¡£
»Ï¤á¤ËI<¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹>¤òÄêµÁ¤¹¤ë¡£

 # User alias specification
 User_Alias     FULLTIMERS = millert, mikef, dowdy
 User_Alias     PARTTIMERS = bostley, jwfox, crawl
 User_Alias     WEBMASTERS = will, wendy, wim

 # Runas alias specification
 Runas_Alias    OP = root, operator
 Runas_Alias    DB = oracle, sybase

 # Host alias specification
 Host_Alias     SPARC = bigtime, eclipse, moet, anchor :\
                SGI = grolsch, dandelion, black :\
                ALPHA = widget, thalamus, foobar :\
                HPPA = boa, nag, python
 Host_Alias     CUNETS = 128.138.0.0/255.255.0.0
 Host_Alias     CSNETS = 128.138.243.0, 128.138.204.0/24, 128.138.242.0
 Host_Alias     SERVERS = master, mail, www, ns
 Host_Alias     CDROM = orion, perseus, hercules

 # Cmnd alias specification
 Cmnd_Alias     DUMPS = /usr/bin/mt, /usr/sbin/dump, /usr/sbin/rdump,\
                        /usr/sbin/restore, /usr/sbin/rrestore
 Cmnd_Alias     KILL = /usr/bin/kill
 Cmnd_Alias     PRINTING = /usr/sbin/lpc, /usr/bin/lprm
 Cmnd_Alias     SHUTDOWN = /usr/sbin/shutdown
 Cmnd_Alias     HALT = /usr/sbin/halt, /usr/sbin/fasthalt
 Cmnd_Alias     REBOOT = /usr/sbin/reboot, /usr/sbin/fastboot
 Cmnd_Alias     SHELLS = /usr/bin/sh, /usr/bin/csh, /usr/bin/ksh, \
                         /usr/local/bin/tcsh, /usr/bin/rsh, \
                         /usr/local/bin/zsh
 Cmnd_Alias     SU = /usr/bin/su

=begin JM-comment

Here we override some of the compiled in default values.  We want
B<sudo> to log via syslog(3) using the I<auth> facility in all
cases.  We don't want to subject the full time staff to the B<sudo>
lecture, user B<millert> need not give a password, and we don't
want to set the C<LOGNAME> or C<USER> environment variables when
running commands as root.  Additionally, on the machines in the
I<SERVERS> C<Host_Alias>, we keep an additional local log file and
make sure we log the year in each log line since the log entries
will be kept around for several years.

=end JM-comment

°Ê²¼¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë»þ¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥ÈÃͤΤ¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤ò¾å½ñ¤­¤¹¤ë¡£
B<sudo> ¤Ë syslog(3) ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ
Á´¤Æ¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ I<auth> µ¡Ç½Ê¬Îà¤Ç¥í¥°¤òµ­Ï¿¤µ¤»¤ë¡£
¥Õ¥ë¥¿¥¤¥à¤Î¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥Õ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢B<sudo> ¤Î¥ì¥¯¥Á¥ã¡¼¤ò¼õ¤±¤ëɬÍפò¤Ê¤¯¤¹¡£
¤Þ¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶ B<millert> ¤Ï¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆþÎϤ·¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤è¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¡£
¤½¤·¤Æ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤¬ root ¤È¤·¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë
´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô C<LOGNAME> ¤È C<USER> ¤òÀßÄꤷ¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¡£
¤µ¤é¤Ë C<Host_Alias> ¤Î I<SERVERS> ¤Ë¤¢¤ë·×»»µ¡¤Ë
(syslog ¤È¤ÏÊ̤Ë) ¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤Î¥í¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÊݸ¤·¡¢
Ť¤¥í¥°¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò¿ôǯ¤ËÅϤêÊݸ¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¥í¥°¤Î³Æ¹Ô¤Ëǯ¤òµ­Ï¿¤¹¤ë¡£

 # Override built in defaults
 Defaults               syslog=auth
 Defaults>root          !set_logname
 Defaults:FULLTIMERS    !lecture
 Defaults:millert       !authenticate
 Defaults@SERVERS       log_year, logfile=/var/log/sudo.log

=begin JM-comment

The I<User specification> is the part that actually determines who may
run what.

=end JM-comment

I<¥æ¡¼¥¶ÀßÄê>¤Ï¡¢Ã¯¤¬²¿¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤«¤ò¼ÂºÝ¤Ë·èÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ëÉôʬ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

 root           ALL = (ALL) ALL
 %wheel         ALL = (ALL) ALL

=begin JM-comment

We let B<root> and any user in group B<wheel> run any command on any
host as any user.

=end JM-comment

B<root> ¤È B<wheel> ¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¡¢
Á´¤Æ¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢Á´¤Æ¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¾å¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

 FULLTIMERS     ALL = NOPASSWD: ALL

=begin JM-comment

Full time sysadmins (B<millert>, B<mikef>, and B<dowdy>) may run any
command on any host without authenticating themselves.

=end JM-comment

¥Õ¥ë¥¿¥¤¥à¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à´ÉÍý¼Ô (B<millert>, B<mikef>, B<dowdy>) ¤Ï¡¢
¼«Ê¬¼«¿È¤Îǧ¾Ú¤ò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ê¤¯¡¢Á´¤Æ¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¾å¤ÇÁ´¤Æ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤¬¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£

 PARTTIMERS     ALL = ALL

=begin JM-comment

Part time sysadmins (B<bostley>, B<jwfox>, and B<crawl>) may run any
command on any host but they must authenticate themselves first
(since the entry lacks the C<NOPASSWD> tag).

=end JM-comment

¥Ñ¡¼¥È¥¿¥¤¥à¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à´ÉÍý¼Ô (B<bostley>, B<jwfox>, B<crawl>) ¤Ï¡¢
Á´¤Æ¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¾å¤ÇÁ´¤Æ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤¬¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤¬¡¢
(¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ë C<NOPASSWD> ¥¿¥°¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç)
ºÇ½é¤Ë¼«Ê¬¼«¿È¤Îǧ¾Ú¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¢¤ë¡£

 jack           CSNETS = ALL

=begin JM-comment

The user B<jack> may run any command on the machines in the I<CSNETS> alias
(the networks C<128.138.243.0>, C<128.138.204.0>, and C<128.138.242.0>).
Of those networks, only C<128.138.204.0> has an explicit netmask (in
CIDR notation) indicating it is a class C network.  For the other
networks in I<CSNETS>, the local machine's netmask will be used
during matching.

=end JM-comment

¥æ¡¼¥¶ B<jack> ¤Ï¡¢I<CSNETS> ¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹ 
(¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ C<128.138.243.0>, 
C<128.138.204.0>, C<128.138.242.0>)
¤Ë¤¢¤ë·×»»µ¡¾å¤Ç¡¢Á´¤Æ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Î¤¦¤Á¡¢
¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ C<128.138.204.0> ¤À¤±¤Ë
¥¯¥é¥¹ C ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤ò¼¨¤¹ÌÀ¼¨Åª¤Ê (CIDR ɽµ­¤Î) ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥¹¥¯¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
I<CSNETS> ¤Ë¤¢¤ë¾¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢
¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¥ó¥°¤ÎºÝ¤Ë¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤Î·×»»µ¡¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥¹¥¯¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£

 lisa           CUNETS = ALL

=begin JM-comment

The user B<lisa> may run any command on any host in the I<CUNETS> alias
(the class B network C<128.138.0.0>).

=end JM-comment

¥æ¡¼¥¶ B<lisa> ¤Ï¡¢I<CUNETS> ¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹
(¥¯¥é¥¹ B ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ C<128.138.0.0>) ¤Ë¤¢¤ë
Á´¤Æ¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ç¡¢Á´¤Æ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£

 operator       ALL = DUMPS, KILL, PRINTING, SHUTDOWN, HALT, REBOOT,\
                /usr/oper/bin/

=begin JM-comment

The B<operator> user may run commands limited to simple maintenance.
Here, those are commands related to backups, killing processes, the
printing system, shutting down the system, and any commands in the
directory F</usr/oper/bin/>.

=end JM-comment

¥æ¡¼¥¶ B<operator> ¤Ï¡¢
´Êñ¤Ê¥á¥ó¥Æ¥Ê¥ó¥¹ÍѤΥ³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ë¸Â¤Ã¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤é¤Ï¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê I</usr/oper/bin/> ¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥ÉÁ´¤Æ¤Ç¡¢
¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¡¦¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î kill¡¦°õºþ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¡¦¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥·¥ã¥Ã¥È¥À¥¦¥ó¡¢
¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¤Ë´ØÏ¢¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

 joe            ALL = /usr/bin/su operator

=begin JM-comment

The user B<joe> may only su(1) to operator.

=end JM-comment

¥æ¡¼¥¶ B<joe> ¤Ï¡¢operator ¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î su(1) ¤·¤«¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¡£

 pete           HPPA = /usr/bin/passwd [A-z]*, !/usr/bin/passwd root

=begin JM-comment

The user B<pete> is allowed to change anyone's password except for
root on the I<HPPA> machines.  Note that this assumes passwd(1)
does not take multiple usernames on the command line.

=end JM-comment

¥æ¡¼¥¶ B<pete> ¤Ï¡¢I<HPPA> ·×»»µ¡¾å¤Ç
root °Ê³°¤ÎÁ´¤Æ¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬µö²Ä¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï¡¢passwd(1) ¤¬¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤«¤é
Ê£¿ô¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¤ò¼õ¤±ÉÕ¤±¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ò²¾Äꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ëÅÀ¤ËÃí°Õ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡£

 bob            SPARC = (OP) ALL : SGI = (OP) ALL

=begin JM-comment

The user B<bob> may run anything on the I<SPARC> and I<SGI> machines
as any user listed in the I<OP> C<Runas_Alias> (B<root> and B<operator>).

=end JM-comment

¥æ¡¼¥¶ B<bob> ¤Ï¡¢I<SPARC> ¤È I<SGI> ·×»»µ¡¾å¤Ç¡¢
C<Runas_Alias> ¤Î I<OP> ¤Ë¥ê¥¹¥È¤µ¤ì¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶
(B<root> ¤È B<operator>) ¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢Á´¤Æ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£

 jim            +biglab = ALL

=begin JM-comment

The user B<jim> may run any command on machines in the I<biglab> netgroup.
B<Sudo> knows that "biglab" is a netgroup due to the '+' prefix.

=end JM-comment

¥æ¡¼¥¶ B<jim> ¤Ï¡¢I<biglab> ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ë¤¢¤ëÁ´¤Æ¤Î·×»»µ¡¤Ç¡¢
Á´¤Æ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
B<sudo> ¤Ï¡¢"biglab" ¤¬¥Í¥Ã¥È¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò
¥×¥ì¥Õ¥£¥Ã¥¯¥¹ '+' ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÃΤ롣

 +secretaries   ALL = PRINTING, /usr/bin/adduser, /usr/bin/rmuser

=begin JM-comment

Users in the B<secretaries> netgroup need to help manage the printers
as well as add and remove users, so they are allowed to run those
commands on all machines.

=end JM-comment

B<secretaries> ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ë°¤¹¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï¡¢
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ÎÄɲᦺï½ü¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ê¤¯¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿´ÉÍý¤ÎÊä½õ¤ò¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢
¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤òÁ´¤Æ¤Î·×»»µ¡¾å¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬µö²Ä¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

 fred           ALL = (DB) NOPASSWD: ALL

=begin JM-comment

The user B<fred> can run commands as any user in the I<DB> C<Runas_Alias>
(B<oracle> or B<sybase>) without giving a password.

=end JM-comment

¥æ¡¼¥¶ B<fred> ¤Ï¡¢C<Runas_Alias> ¤Î
I<DB> ¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶
(B<oracle> ¤È B<sybase>) ¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ê¤·¤Ç¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£

 john           ALPHA = /usr/bin/su [!-]*, !/usr/bin/su *root*

=begin JM-comment

On the I<ALPHA> machines, user B<john> may su to anyone except root
but he is not allowed to give su(1) any flags.

=end JM-comment

I<ALPHA> ·×»»µ¡¾å¤Ç¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶ B<john> ¤Ï¡¢
su ¤Ç root °Ê³°¤ÎÁ´¤Æ¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¤Ê¤ì¤ë¡£
¤·¤«¤· su(1) ¤Ë¥Õ¥é¥°¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¡£

 jen            ALL, !SERVERS = ALL

=begin JM-comment

The user B<jen> may run any command on any machine except for those
in the I<SERVERS> C<Host_Alias> (master, mail, www and ns).

=end JM-comment

¥æ¡¼¥¶ B<jen> ¤Ï¡¢C<Host_Alias> ¤Î
I<SERVERS> ¤Ë¤¢¤ë·×»»µ¡
(master, mail, www, ns) °Ê³°¤Ç¡¢Á´¤Æ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£

 jill           SERVERS = /usr/bin/, !SU, !SHELLS

=begin JM-comment

For any machine in the I<SERVERS> C<Host_Alias>, B<jill> may run
any commands in the directory /usr/bin/ except for those commands
belonging to the I<SU> and I<SHELLS> C<Cmnd_Aliases>.

=end JM-comment

C<Host_Alias> ¤Î I<SERVERS> ¤Ë¤¢¤ë·×»»µ¡¤Ç¡¢
B<jill> ¤Ï /usr/bin ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë¤¢¤ëÁ´¤Æ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤¿¤À¤·¡¢C<Cmnd_Aliases> ¤Î
I<SU> ¤È I<SHELLS> ¤Ë°¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï½ü¤¯¡£

 steve          CSNETS = (operator) /usr/local/op_commands/

=begin JM-comment

The user B<steve> may run any command in the directory /usr/local/op_commands/
but only as user operator.

=end JM-comment

¥æ¡¼¥¶ B<steve> ¤Ï¡¢¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê /usr/local/op_commands/ ¤Ë¤¢¤ë
Á´¤Æ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£¤¿¤À¤·¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶ operator ¤È¤·¤Æ¤Î¤ß¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£

 matt           valkyrie = KILL

=begin JM-comment

On his personal workstation, valkyrie, B<matt> needs to be able to
kill hung processes.

=end JM-comment

B<matt> ¤Ï¡¢Èà¤Î¸Ä¿Í¤Î¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó valkyrie ¤Ç¡¢
¥Ï¥ó¥°¤·¤¿¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤ò kill ¤Ç¤­¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¡£

 WEBMASTERS     www = (www) ALL, (root) /usr/bin/su www

=begin JM-comment

On the host www, any user in the I<WEBMASTERS> C<User_Alias> (will,
wendy, and wim), may run any command as user www (which owns the
web pages) or simply su(1) to www.

=end JM-comment

¥Û¥¹¥È www ¤Ç¡¢C<User_Alias> ¤Î
I<WEBMASTERS> ¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶
(will, wendy, wim) ¤Ï¡¢(web ¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ò½êÍ­¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë) ¥æ¡¼¥¶ www ¤È¤·¤Æ
Á´¤Æ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤Þ¤¿¡¢Ã±¤Ë su(1) ¤Ç www ¤Ë¤Ê¤ì¤ë¡£

 ALL            CDROM = NOPASSWD: /sbin/umount /CDROM,\
                /sbin/mount -o nosuid\,nodev /dev/cd0a /CDROM

=begin JM-comment

Any user may mount or unmount a CD-ROM on the machines in the CDROM
C<Host_Alias> (orion, perseus, hercules) without entering a password.
This is a bit tedious for users to type, so it is a prime candidate
for encapsulating in a shell script.

=end JM-comment

Á´¤Æ¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï¡¢C<Host_Alias> ¤Î
CD-ROM ¤Ë¤¢¤ë·×»»µ¡ (orion, perseus, hercules) ¤Ç
¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ê¤·¤Ç CD-ROM ¤Î¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤È¥¢¥ó¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ÆþÎϤ¹¤ë¤Î¤ÏŤ¯¤ÆÂçÊѤʤΤǡ¢
¥·¥§¥ë¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ë½ñ¤¤¤Æ¥«¥×¥»¥ë²½¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦Êý¤¬¤è¤¤¡£

=head1 SECURITY NOTES

=begin JM-comment

It is generally not effective to "subtract" commands from C<ALL>
using the '!' operator.  A user can trivially circumvent this
by copying the desired command to a different name and then
executing that.  For example:

=end JM-comment

'!' ¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥¿¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ C<ALL> ¤«¤é
¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¡Öº¹¤·°ú¤¯¡×¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢°ìÈ̤˸ú²ÌŪ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï¡¢Íߤ·¤¤¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤òÊ̤Ê̾Á°¤Ç¥³¥Ô¡¼¤·¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ì¤Ð¡¢
¤³¤ì¤ò´Êñ¤Ë²óÈò¤Ç¤­¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¡£
Îã¤òµó¤²¤ë¡£

    bill        ALL = ALL, !SU, !SHELLS

=begin JM-comment

Doesn't really prevent B<bill> from running the commands listed in
I<SU> or I<SHELLS> since he can simply copy those commands to a
different name, or use a shell escape from an editor or other
program.  Therefore, these kind of restrictions should be considered
advisory at best (and reinforced by policy).

=end JM-comment

¾å¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤Ï I<SU> ¤È
I<SHELLS> ¤Ë¥ê¥¹¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò
B<bill> ¤Ë¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤»¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤Ê¤¼¤Ê¤é¡¢bill ¤Ï¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤òÊ̤Ê̾Á°¤Ë¥³¥Ô¡¼¤·¤¿¤ê¡¢
¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤ä¾¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Î¥·¥§¥ë¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤«¤é»È¤¨¤ë¤«¤é¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÀ©¸Â¤Ï¡¢¤»¤¤¤¼¤¤Êä½õŪ¤Ê¤â¤Î¤È¹Í¤¨¤ë¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¢¤ë
(¤µ¤é¤Ë¥Ý¥ê¥·¡¼¤Ç¶¯²½¤¹¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¢¤ë)¡£

=head1 CAVEATS

=begin JM-comment

The I<sudoers> file should B<always> be edited by the B<visudo>
command which locks the file and does grammatical checking. It is
imperative that I<sudoers> be free of syntax errors since B<sudo>
will not run with a syntactically incorrect I<sudoers> file.

=end JM-comment

I<sudoers> ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¡¢B<¾ï¤Ë> B<visudo> ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ÇÊÔ½¸¤¹¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¤³¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¥í¥Ã¥¯¤·¡¢Ê¸Ë¡¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤ò¤¹¤ë¡£
B<sudo> ¤Ï
I<sudoers> ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬Ê¸Ë¡Åª¤Ë´Ö°ã¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢
I<sudoers> ¤Ë¤Ï¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬¤Ò¤È¤Ä¤â̵¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£

=begin JM-comment

When using netgroups of machines (as opposed to users), if you
store fully qualified hostnames in the netgroup (as is usually the
case), you either need to have the machine's hostname be fully qualified
as returned by the C<hostname> command or use the I<fqdn> option in
I<sudoers>.

=end JM-comment

(¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯) ·×»»µ¡¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ò»È¤¦¾ì¹ç¡¢
(¤è¤¯¤¢¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë) ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ë
´°Á´¤Ê¥É¥á¥¤¥ó̾ÉÕ¤­¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤òÆþ¤ì¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢
¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤Ï C<hostname> ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ÇÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë
´°Á´¤Ê¥É¥á¥¤¥ó̾ÉÕ¤­¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¡£
¤Þ¤¿ I<sudoers> ¤Ë I<fqdn> ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¡£

=head1 FILES

=begin JM-comment

 @sysconfdir@/sudoers           List of who can run what
 /etc/group             Local groups file
 /etc/netgroup          List of network groups

=end JM-comment

 @sysconfdir@/sudoers           郎²¿¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤«¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È
 /etc/group             ¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë
 /etc/netgroup          ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È

=head1 SEE ALSO

rsh(1), su(1), fnmatch(3), sudo(8), visudo(8)