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[linuxjm/LDP_man-pages.git] / release / man2 / write.2

.\" Hey Emacs! This file is -*- nroff -*- source.
.\"
.\" This manpage is Copyright (C) 1992 Drew Eckhardt;
.\"                               1993 Michael Haardt, Ian Jackson.
.\" and Copyright (C) 2007 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
.\" preserved on all copies.
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
.\" permission notice identical to this one.
.\"
.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date.  The author(s) assume no
.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
.\" the use of the information contained herein.  The author(s) may not
.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
.\" professionally.
.\"
.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
.\"
.\" Modified Sat Jul 24 13:35:59 1993 by Rik Faith <faith@cs.unc.edu>
.\" Modified Sun Nov 28 17:19:01 1993 by Rik Faith <faith@cs.unc.edu>
.\" Modified Sat Jan 13 12:58:08 1996 by Michael Haardt
.\"   <michael@cantor.informatik.rwth-aachen.de>
.\" Modified Sun Jul 21 18:59:33 1996 by Andries Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl>
.\" 2001-12-13 added remark by Zack Weinberg
.\" 2007-06-18 mtk:
.\"     Added details about seekable files and file offset.
.\"     Noted that write() may write less than 'count' bytes, and
.\"     gave some examples of why this might occur.
.\"     Noted what happens if write() is interrupted by a signal.
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 HANATAKA Shinya
.\"         all rights reserved.
.\" Translated Tue Mar  4 00:18:20 JST 1997
.\"         by HANATAKA Shinya <hanataka@abyss.rim.or.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified Wed Jun 13 20:57:55 JST 2001
.\"         by Yuichi SATO <ysato@h4.dion.ne.jp>
.\" Updated Mon Jun 25 JST 2001 by Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
.\" Updated Fri Dec 21 JST 2001 by Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
.\" Updated 2002-09-24 by Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
.\" Updated 2005-10-14 by Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
.\" Updated 2007-05-01, Akihiro MOTOKI, LDP v2.46
.\" Updated 2007-09-01, Akihiro MOTOKI, LDP v2.64
.\" Updated 2008-04-13, Akihiro MOTOKI, LDP v3.20
.\"
.\"WORD:        descriptor              ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿
.\"WORD:        buffer                  ¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¡¼
.\"WORD:        file system             ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡¦¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à
.\"WORD:        object                  ¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È
.\"WORD:        pipe                    ¥Ñ¥¤¥×
.\"WORD:        socket                  ¥½¥±¥Ã¥È
.\"WORD:        signal                  ¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë
.\"WORD:        catch                   Êá³Í(catch)
.\"WORD:        block                   Ää»ß(block)
.\"WORD:        interrupt               ³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß
.\"WORD:        nonblocking I/O         ÈóÄä»ß I/O
.\"WORD:        device                  ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹
.\"WORD:        low-level I/O           Äã¥ì¤Ù¥ë I/O
.\"
.TH WRITE 2 2009-02-23 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH ̾Á°
write \- ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡¦¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿ (file descriptor) ¤Ë½ñ¤­¹þ¤à
.SH ½ñ¼°
.B #include <unistd.h>
.sp
.BI "ssize_t write(int " fd ", const void *" buf ", size_t " count );
.SH ÀâÌÀ
.BR write ()
¤Ï¡¢
.I buf
¤¬»Ø¤¹¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤«¤é¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡¦¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿
.I fd
¤¬»²¾È¤¹¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ø¡¢ºÇÂç
.I count
¥Ð¥¤¥È¤ò½ñ¤­¹þ¤à¡£

½ñ¤­¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë¥Ð¥¤¥È¿ô¤Ï
.I count
¤è¤ê¤â¾®¤µ¤¯¤Ê¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
Î㤨¤Ð¡¢½ñ¤­¹þ¤ßÂоݤÎʪÍý¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢¤Ë½½Ê¬¤ÊÎΰ褬¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢
¥ê¥½¡¼¥¹¾å¸Â
.B RLIMIT_FSIZE
¤Ë㤷¤¿¾ì¹ç
.RB ( setrlimit (2)
»²¾È)¡¢
.I count
¥Ð¥¤¥È̤Ëþ¤Î½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß¤¬¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤¿¸å¤Ç
¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤¬¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¥Ï¥ó¥É¥é¤Ë¤è¤ê³ä¤ê¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢
¤Ê¤É¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.RB ( pipe (7)
¤â»²¾È¤Î¤³¤È¡£)

seek ²Äǽ¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë (¤Ä¤Þ¤ê
.BR lseek (2)
¤¬Å¬ÍѤǤ­¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡¢Î㤨¤ÐÄ̾ï¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë) ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß¤Ï¸½ºß¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡¦¥ª¥Õ¥»¥Ã¥È¤«¤é¹Ô¤ï¤ì¡¢
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡¦¥ª¥Õ¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ï¼ÂºÝ¤Ë½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß¤¬¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤¿¥Ð¥¤¥È¿ôʬ
²Ã»»¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬
.B O_APPEND
¤Ç
.BR open (2)
¤µ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡¦¥ª¥Õ¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ï½ñ¤­¹þ¤ßÁ°¤Ë
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎËöÈø¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¡£
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡¦¥ª¥Õ¥»¥Ã¥È¤ÎÄ´À°¤È½ñ¤­¹þ¤ßÁàºî¤Ï¥¢¥È¥ß¥Ã¥¯¤Ê½èÍý¤È¤·¤Æ
¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£

POSIX ¤Ï
.BR write ()
¤¬¹Ô¤Ê¤ï¤ì¤¿¸å¤Ë¼Â¹Ô¤·¤¿
.BR read (2)
¤¬
¿·¤·¤¤¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤òÊÖ¤¹¤³¤È¤òÍ׵ᤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
Á´¤Æ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡¦¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬ POSIX ½àµò¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤ÅÀ¤ËÃí°Õ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡£
.SH ÊÖ¤êÃÍ
À®¸ù¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢½ñ¤­¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤¿¥Ð¥¤¥È¿ô¤¬ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë
(¥¼¥í¤Ï²¿¤â½ñ¤­¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¤ò¼¨¤¹)¡£
¥¨¥é¡¼¤Ê¤é¤Ð \-1 ¤¬ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¡¢\fIerrno\fP ¤¬Å¬ÀÚ¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¡£

\fIcount\fP ¤¬ 0 ¤Ç¡¢
.I fd
¤¬Ä̾ï¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë (regular file) ¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢
.BR write ()
¤Ï¸å½Ò¤Î¥¨¥é¡¼¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤ò¸¡½Ð¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢¼ºÇÔ¤òÊÖ¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬¸¡½Ð¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢
0 ¤òÊÖ¤·¡¢Â¾¤Ë²¿¤Î±Æ¶Á¤âÍ¿¤¨¤Ê¤¤¡£
\fIcount\fP ¤¬ 0 ¤Ç¡¢
.I fd
¤¬Ä̾ï¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë°Ê³°¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢
¤½¤Î·ë²Ì¤Ïµ¬Äꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
.SH ¥¨¥é¡¼
.TP
.B EAGAIN
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡¦¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿
.I fd
¤¬¥½¥±¥Ã¥È°Ê³°¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¡¢
ÈóÄä»ß (nonblocking) ¥â¡¼¥É
.RB ( O_NONBLOCK )
¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤ÈÄä»ß¤¹¤ë¾õ¶·¤Ë¤¢¤ë¡£
.TP
.BR EAGAIN " ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï " EWOULDBLOCK
.\" Actually EAGAIN on Linux
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡¦¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿
.I fd
¤¬¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¡¢ÈóÄä»ß (nonblocking) ¥â¡¼¥É
.RB  ( O_NONBLOCK )
¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤ÈÄä»ß¤¹¤ë¾õ¶·¤Ë¤¢¤ë¡£
POSIX.1-2001 ¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤É¤Á¤é¤Î¥¨¥é¡¼¤òÊÖ¤¹¤³¤È¤âǧ¤á¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢
¤³¤ì¤é 2 ¤Ä¤ÎÄê¿ô¤¬Æ±¤¸Ãͤò»ý¤Ä¤³¤È¤âµá¤á¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¡¢°Ü¿¢À­¤¬É¬Íפʥ¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Î¾Êý¤Î²ÄǽÀ­¤ò
³Îǧ¤¹¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
.TP
.B EBADF
.I fd
¤¬Í­¸ú¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡¦¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¤«½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó
(open) ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
.TP
.B EFAULT
.I buf
¤¬¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹²Äǽ¤Ê¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¶õ´Ö (address space) ¤Î³°¤Ë¤¢¤ë¡£
.TP
.B EFBIG
¼ÂÁõÄêµÁ¤ÎºÇÂç¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥µ¥¤¥º¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥µ¥¤¥ºÀ©¸Â¤ò
Ķ¤¨¤Æ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë½ñ¤­¹þ¤â¤¦¤È¤·¤¿¡£
¤Þ¤¿¤Ïµö²Ä¤µ¤ì¤¿¥ª¥Õ¥»¥Ã¥ÈÃͤ賦¤òĶ¤¨¤¿Àè¤Î°ÌÃÖ¤Ë
½ñ¤­¹þ¤â¤¦¤È¤·¤¿¡£
.TP
.B EINTR
²¿¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤â½ñ¤«¤Ê¤¤´Ö¤Ë¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤Ë¤è¤ê³ä¤ê¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤¿ (interrupt)¡£
.BR signal (7)
»²¾È¡£
.TP
.B EINVAL
.I fd
¤¬½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß¤¬ÉÔŬÀڤʥª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬
.B O_DIRECT
¥Õ¥é¥°¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢
.I buf
¤Ë»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¡¢
.I count
¤Ë»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿ÃÍ¡¢
¸½ºß¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥ª¥Õ¥»¥Ã¥È¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤Î
¥¢¥é¥¤¥ó¥á¥ó¥È¤¬ÉÔŬÀڤǤ¢¤ë¡£
.TP
.B EIO
inode ¤Î½¤ÀµÃæ¤ËÄã¥ì¤Ù¥ë (low-level) I/O ¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬È¯À¸¤·¤¿¡£
.TP
.B ENOSPC
.I fd
¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ»²¾È¤µ¤ì¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò´Þ¤à¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹ (device) ¤Ë½½Ê¬¤Ê¶õ¤­¤¬¤Ê¤¤¡£
.TP
.B EPIPE
.I fd
¤¬¥Ñ¥¤¥× (pipe) ¤«¥½¥±¥Ã¥È (socket) ¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢
¤½¤ÎÈ¿ÂЦ (Æɤ߹þ¤ß¦) ¤¬¥¯¥í¡¼¥º (close) ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤¬È¯À¸¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß¤ò¹Ô¤Ê¤¦¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ï
.B SIGPIPE
¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë (signal)¤â¼õ¤±¤ë¡£
(¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬¤³¤Î¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤òÊá³Í (catch)¡¢Ää»ß (block)¡¢Ìµ»ë (ignore)
¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Î¤ß¡¢write ¤ÎÊÖ¤êÃͤò»²¾È¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£)
.PP
.I fd
¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¡¢Â¾¤Î¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬µ¯¤³¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
.SH ½àµò
SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
.\" SVr4 ¤Ë¤Ï¾¤Ë EDEADLK, ENOLCK, ENOLNK,
.\" ENOSR, ENXIO, ERANGE ¥¨¥é¡¼¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Îµ­½Ò¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£

SVr4 ¤Ç¤Ï write ¤¬³ä¤ê¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë¤È¡¢¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤¬½ñ¤­¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤ëľÁ°¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢
¤½¤Î»þÅÀ¤Ç
.B EINTR
¤¬Ê֤롣
.SH Ãí°Õ
.BR write ()
¤¬À®¸ù¤·¤ÆÊ֤äƤ­¤Æ¤â¡¢¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤¬¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Ëµ­Ï¿¤µ¤ì¤¿¤³¤È¤ò
Êݾڤ¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£
¼ÂºÝ¡¢¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤¬³ÎÊݤµ¤ì¤¿¤³¤È¤¹¤éÊݾڤµ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦
¥Ð¥°¤Ã¤Ý¤¤¼ÂÁõ¤â¤¢¤ë¡£
¤³¤ì¤ò³Î¼Â¤Ë¤¹¤ëÍ£°ì¤ÎÊýË¡¤Ï¡¢
Á´¤Æ¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò write ¤·¤¿¸å¤Ë
.BR fsync (2)
¤ò¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤¹¤³¤È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

.BR write ()
¤¬ 1 ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤â½ñ¤­¹þ¤Þ¤Ê¤¤¤¦¤Á¤Ë¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¥Ï¥ó¥É¥é¤Ë¤è¤ê³ä¤ê¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢
.BR write ()
¤Ï¥¨¥é¡¼
.B EINTR
¤Ç¼ºÇÔ¤¹¤ë¡£
1¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Ç¤â½ñ¤­¹þ¤ó¤À¸å¤Ç³ä¤ê¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
.BR write ()
¤ÏÀ®¸ù¤·¡¢½ñ¤­¹þ¤ó¤À¥Ð¥¤¥È¿ô¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
.SH ´ØÏ¢¹àÌÜ
.BR close (2),
.BR fcntl (2),
.BR fsync (2),
.BR ioctl (2),
.BR lseek (2),
.BR open (2),
.BR pwrite (2),
.BR read (2),
.BR select (2),
.BR writev (2),
.BR fwrite (3)