1 .\" Copyright (C) 2007 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2 .\" drawing on material by Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj@justinpryzby.com>
4 .\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
5 .\" a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
6 .\" "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
7 .\" without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
8 .\" distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
9 .\" permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
10 .\" the following conditions:
12 .\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
13 .\" included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15 .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
16 .\" EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
17 .\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
18 .\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
19 .\" CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
20 .\" TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
21 .\" SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
24 .\" glibc manual and source
26 .\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 2007 Akihiro MOTOKI
27 .\" all rights reserved.
28 .\" Translated 2007-10-16, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>, LDP v2.66
30 .TH BACKTRACE 3 2008-06-14 GNU "Linux Programmer's Manual"
32 backtrace, backtrace_symbols, backtrace_symbols_fd \-
33 ¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¼«¿È¤Ç¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥°¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È
35 .B #include <execinfo.h>
42 .B char **backtrace_symbols(void *const
47 .B void backtrace_symbols_fd(void *const
55 ¤Ï¡¢¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤¿¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥È¥ì¡¼¥¹¤ò
57 ¤¬»Ø¤¹ÇÛÎó¤ËÆþ¤ì¤ÆÊÖ¤¹¡£¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥È¥ì¡¼¥¹¤Ï¡¢¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ç
58 ¸½ºßÆ°ºîÃæ¤Î´Ø¿ô¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤ÎʤӤǤ¢¤ë¡£
60 ¤¬»Ø¤¹ÇÛÎó¤Î¸Ä¡¹¤ÎÍ×ÁÇ¤Ï \fIvoid *\fP ·¿¤Ç¡¢
61 Âбþ¤¹¤ë¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥à¤«¤é¤Î¥ê¥¿¡¼¥ó¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
65 ¤Ë³ÊǼ¤Ç¤¤ë¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ÎºÇÂç¸Ä¿ô¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¡£
70 ¸Ä¤Îľ¶á¤Î´Ø¿ô¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤¬ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
71 ´°Á´¤Ê¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥È¥ì¡¼¥¹¤ò¼èÆÀ¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢³Î¼Â¤Ë
75 ¤¬½½Ê¬Â礤¯¤Ê¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡£
80 ¤Ë¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Î½¸¹ç¤¬ÆÀ¤é¤ì¤¿¤é¡¢
81 .BR backtrace_symbols ()
82 ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹½¸¹ç¤ò¡¢¤½¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤Çɽ¤·¤¿Ê¸»úÎó¤ÎÇÛÎó
87 ¤Ë³ÊǼ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Î¿ô¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¡£
88 ¸Ä¡¹¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Î¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ëɽ¸½¤Ï¡¢´Ø¿ô̾ (ÆÃÄê¤Ç¤¤¿¾ì¹ç)¡¢
89 ´Ø¿ô¤Ø¤Î¥ª¥Õ¥»¥Ã¥È (16¿Êɽµ)¡¢¼ÂºÝ¤Î¥ê¥¿¡¼¥ó¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹ (16¿Êɽµ)
91 .BR backtrace_symbols ()
93 ʸ»úÎó¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤ÎÇÛÎó¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤¬ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
95 .BR backtrace_symbols ()
98 ¤µ¤ì¡¢¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·Â¦¤Ç free ¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤
99 (¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤ÎÇÛÎ󤬻ؤ¹¸Ä¡¹¤Îʸ»úÎó¤Ï free ¤¹¤ëɬÍפϤʤ¤¤·¡¢
100 free ¤¹¤Ù¤¤Ç¤â¤Ê¤¤)¡£
102 .BR backtrace_symbols_fd ()
104 .BR backtrace_symbols ()
109 ¤ò¤È¤ë¤¬¡¢¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·Â¦¤Ëʸ»úÎó¤ÎÇÛÎó¤òÊÖ¤¹Âå¤ï¤ê¤Ë¡¢
110 ʸ»úÎó¤ò¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿
112 ¤Ë 1 ¹Ô¤Ë 1 ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Î·Á¤Ç½ñ¤¹þ¤à¡£
113 .BR backtrace_symbols_fd ()
117 ¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ë³¤¯´Ø¿ô¤¬¼ºÇÔ¤¹¤ë²ÄǽÀ¤¬¤¢¤ë¾õ¶·¤Ç¤âÍøÍѤǤ¤ë¡£
122 ¤Ë³ÊǼ¤·¤¿¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Î¸Ä¿ô¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£¤½¤Î¸Ä¿ô¤Ï
124 ¤è¤êÂ礤¯¤Ê¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£
127 ¤è¤ê¾®¤µ¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥È¥ì¡¼¥¹Á´ÂΤ¬³ÊǼ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£ÊÖ¤êÃͤ¬
129 ¤ÈÅù¤·¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥È¥ì¡¼¥¹¤ÏÀÚ¤êµÍ¤á¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
130 ÀÚ¤êµÍ¤á¤é¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢ºÇ¤â¸Å¤¤¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥à¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ï
131 ÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
133 .BR backtrace_symbols ()
134 ¤Ï¡¢À®¸ù¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¤³¤Î¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤Ç
136 ¤µ¤ì¤¿ÇÛÎó¤Ø¤Î¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
137 ¥¨¥é¡¼¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢ NULL ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡£
140 .BR backtrace_symbols (),
141 .BR backtrace_symbols_fd ()
142 ¤Ï¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó 2.1 °Ê¹ß¤Î glibc ¤ÇÄ󶡤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
144 ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î´Ø¿ô¤Ï GNU ¤Ë¤è¤ë³ÈÄ¥¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
146 ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î´Ø¿ô¤Ï¡¢´Ø¿ô¤Î¥ê¥¿¡¼¥ó¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤¬¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¾å¤Ç¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë³ÊǼ¤µ¤ì¤ë¤«
147 ¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¤¢¤ë²¾Äê¤òÃÖ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
151 ¤Î 0 °Ê³°¤ÎºÇŬ²½¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Ç°ÅÌۤΤ¦¤Á¤Ë¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë)
152 ¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥à¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤Î¾Êά¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤È¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤ÎÁ°Äó¤¬Êø¤ì¤ë²ÄǽÀ¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
154 ¥¤¥ó¥é¥¤¥ó´Ø¿ô¤Ï¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥à¤ò»ý¤¿¤Ê¤¤¡£
156 ËöÈø¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤ÎºÇŬ²½ (tail-call optimization) ¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤È¡¢
157 ¤¢¤ë¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥à¤¬Ê̤Υ¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥à¤òÃÖ¤´¹¤¨¤ë²ÄǽÀ¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
159 ¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë̾¤ÏÆÃÊ̤ʥê¥ó¥«¡¦¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Ê¤¤¤ÈÍøÍѤǤ¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
160 GNU ¥ê¥ó¥«¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
162 ¥ê¥ó¥«¡¦¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»È¤¦É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ë¡£
163 "static" ¤Ê´Ø¿ô¤Î¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë̾¤Ï¸ø³«¤µ¤ì¤º¡¢
164 ¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥È¥ì¡¼¥¹¤Ç¤ÏÍøÍѤǤ¤Ê¤¤ÅÀ¤ËÃí°Õ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡£
169 .BR backtrace_symbols ()
170 ¤Î»ÈÍÑÎã¤ò¼¨¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
171 °Ê²¼¤Ë¼¨¤¹¥·¥§¥ë¤Î¥»¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¡¢
172 ¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤òÆ°¤«¤·¤¿ºÝ¤Î¼Â¹ÔÎã¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
176 .RB "$" " cc \-rdynamic prog.c \-o prog"
178 backtrace() returned 8 addresses
179 \&./prog(myfunc3+0x5c) [0x80487f0]
181 \&./prog(myfunc+0x21) [0x8048894]
182 \&./prog(myfunc+0x1a) [0x804888d]
183 \&./prog(myfunc+0x1a) [0x804888d]
184 \&./prog(main+0x65) [0x80488fb]
185 \&/lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xdc) [0xb7e38f9c]
189 .SS ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹
192 #include <execinfo.h>
205 nptrs = backtrace(buffer, SIZE);
206 printf("backtrace() returned %d addresses\\n", nptrs);
208 /* backtrace_symbols_fd(buffer, nptrs, STDOUT_FILENO) ¤ò
209 ¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢°Ê²¼¤ÈƱÍͤνÐÎϤ¬ÆÀ¤é¤ì¤ë¡£ */
211 strings = backtrace_symbols(buffer, nptrs);
212 if (strings == NULL) {
213 perror("backtrace_symbols");
217 for (j = 0; j < nptrs; j++)
218 printf("%s\\n", strings[j]);
223 static void /* "static" ¤Ï¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤ò¸ø³«¤·¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ò°ÕÌ£¤¹¤ë */
239 main(int argc, char *argv[])
242 fprintf(stderr, "%s num\-calls\\n", argv[0]);
246 myfunc(atoi(argv[1]));