(split) LDP v3.30, v3.31 の定型的な変更内容を反映。

[linuxjm/LDP_man-pages.git] / release / man3 / printf.3

.\" Copyright (c) 1999 Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
.\"
.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
.\"
.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
.\" intermediate and printed output.
.\"
.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
.\"
.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
.\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free
.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111,
.\" USA.
.\"
.\"
.\" Earlier versions of this page influenced the present text.
.\" It was derived from a Berkeley page with version
.\"       @(#)printf.3    6.14 (Berkeley) 7/30/91
.\" converted for Linux by faith@cs.unc.edu, updated by
.\" Helmut.Geyer@iwr.uni-heidelberg.de, agulbra@troll.no and Bruno Haible.
.\"
.\" 1999-11-25 aeb - Rewritten, using SUSv2 and C99.
.\" 2000-07-26 jsm28@hermes.cam.ac.uk - three small fixes
.\" 2000-10-16 jsm28@hermes.cam.ac.uk - more fixes
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 YOSHINO Takashi all rights reserved.
.\" Translated 1998-02-17, YOSHINO Takashi <yoshino@civil.jcn.nihon-u.ac.jp>
.\" Updated 2000-10-02, Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
.\" Updated 2001-01-29, Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
.\" Updated 2002-01-03, Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
.\" Updated 2002-10-17, Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
.\" Updated 2005-03-15, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
.\" Updated 2006-07-20, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
.\" Updated 2008-02-10, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>, LDP v2.77
.\" Updated 2009-03-03, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>, LDP v3.19
.\"
.\" WORD: conversion specifier  ÊÑ´¹»ØÄê»Ò
.\" WORD: length modifier       Ťµ½¤¾þ»Ò
.\"
.TH PRINTF 3  2010-09-20 "GNU" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH ̾Á°
printf, fprintf, sprintf, snprintf, vprintf, vfprintf, vsprintf,
vsnprintf \- »ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿½ñ¼°¤ËÊÑ´¹¤·¤Æ½ÐÎϤò¹Ô¤¦
.SH ½ñ¼°
.B #include <stdio.h>
.sp
.BI "int printf(const char *" format ", ...);"
.br
.BI "int fprintf(FILE *" stream ", const char *" format ", ...);"
.br
.BI "int sprintf(char *" str ", const char *" format ", ...);"
.br
.BI "int snprintf(char *" str ", size_t " size ", const char *" format ", ...);"
.sp
.B #include <stdarg.h>
.sp
.BI "int vprintf(const char *" format ", va_list " ap );
.br
.BI "int vfprintf(FILE *" stream ", const char *" format ", va_list " ap );
.br
.BI "int vsprintf(char *" str ", const char *" format ", va_list " ap );
.br
.BI "int vsnprintf(char *" str ", size_t " size ", const char *" format \
", va_list " ap );
.sp
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.SH ½àµò
.BR fprintf (),
.BR printf (),
.BR sprintf (),
.BR vprintf (),
.BR vfprintf (),
.BR vsprintf ()
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.BR snprintf ()
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.BR vsnprintf ()
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.PP
.BR snprintf ()
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.I str
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Linux libc4 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ 5 ¤Ä¤Î C ɸ½à¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¡¢
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\fBc\fP, \fBd\fP, \fBe\fP, \fBE\fP, \fBf\fP, \fBF\fP,
\fBg\fP, \fBG\fP, \fBi\fP, \fBn\fP, \fBo\fP, \fBp\fP,
\fBs\fP, \fBu\fP, \fBx\fP, \fBX\fP
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Linux libc5 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ 5 ¤Ä¤Î C ɸ½à¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤È \(aq ¥Õ¥é¥°¡¢¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¡¢
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\fBL\fP ¤È \fBq\fP ¤ÏξÊý¤È¤â
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.B m
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.I strerror(errno)
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.PP
glibc 2.0 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ÊÑ´¹Ê¸»ú \fBC\fP ¤È \fBS\fP ¤¬Äɲ䵤줿¡£
.PP
glibc 2.1 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Ä¹¤µ½¤¾þ»Ò \fBhh\fP, \fBj\fP, \fBt\fP, \fBz\fP
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.PP
glibc 2.2 ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ C99 ¤Çµ¬Äꤵ¤ì¤¿°ÕÌ£¤Ç¤ÎÊÑ´¹Ê¸»ú \fBF\fP ¤È
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.SH Ãí°Õ
¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤ò
.I buf
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    sprintf(buf, "%s some further text", buf);

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.BR sprintf (),
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.BR vsnprintf ()
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.\" http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=7075
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.BR gcc (1)
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glibc ¤Î
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.\" .SH Îò»Ë
.\" UNIX V7 ¤Ç¤Ï
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.\" 2.11BSD ¤Ç¤Ï
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.SH ¥Ð¥°
.BR sprintf ()
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Linux libc4.[45] ¤Ë¤Ï
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.BI printf( foo );
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.\".\"O caused memory leaks.
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.SH Îã
.if \w'\*(Pi'=0 .ds Pi pi
\*(Pi ¤ò 5 ·å¤Ç½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¡£
.in +4n
.nf

#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
fprintf(stdout, "pi = %.5f\en", 4 * atan(1.0));
.fi
.in
.PP
ÆüÉդȻþ´Ö¤ò "Sunday, July 3, 10:02" ¤Î·Á¼°¤Ç½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¡£
.RI ( weekday
¤È
.I month
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.in +4n
.nf

#include <stdio.h>
fprintf(stdout, "%s, %s %d, %.2d:%.2d\en",
        weekday, month, day, hour, min);
.fi
.in
.PP
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.in +4n
.nf

#include <stdio.h>
fprintf(stdout, format,
        weekday, month, day, hour, min);

.fi
.in
.I format
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.I format
¤¬
.in +4n
.nf

"%1$s, %3$d. %2$s, %4$d:%5$.2d\en"

.fi
.in
¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢ "Sonntag, 3. Juli, 10:02" ¤È¤¤¤¦·ë²Ì¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£
.PP
½½Ê¬¤ËÂ礭¤Êʸ»úÎóÎΰè¤ò³ÎÊݤ·¤Æ¡¢¤½¤³¤Ë¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤ò³ÊǼ¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï
(glibc 2.0 ¤È glibc 2.1 ¤ÎξÊý¤ÇÀµ¤·¤¯Æ°ºî¤¹¤ë¥³¡¼¥É):
.nf

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
char *
make_message(const char *fmt, ...)
{
    int n;
    int size = 100;     /* Guess we need no more than 100 bytes. */
    char *p, *np;
    va_list ap;

    if ((p = malloc(size)) == NULL)
        return NULL;

    while (1) {

        /* Try to print in the allocated space. */

        va_start(ap, fmt);
        n = vsnprintf(p, size, fmt, ap);
        va_end(ap);

        /* If that worked, return the string. */

        if (n > \-1 && n < size)
            return p;

        /* Else try again with more space. */

        if (n > \-1)    /* glibc 2.1 */
            size = n+1; /* precisely what is needed */
        else           /* glibc 2.0 */
            size *= 2;  /* twice the old size */

        if ((np = realloc (p, size)) == NULL) {
            free(p);
            return NULL;
        } else {
            p = np;
        }
    }
}
.fi
.SH ´ØÏ¢¹àÌÜ
.BR printf (1),
.BR asprintf (3),
.BR dprintf (3),
.BR scanf (3),
.BR setlocale (3),
.BR wcrtomb (3),
.BR wprintf (3),
.BR locale (5)