services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ServiceRecord.java

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project
   3  *
   4  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
   5  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
   6  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
   7  *
   8  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   9  *
  10  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  11  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  12  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  13  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  14  * limitations under the License.
  15  */
  16
  17 package com.android.server.am;
  18
  19 import com.android.internal.app.ProcessStats;
  20 import com.android.internal.os.BatteryStatsImpl;
  21 import com.android.server.LocalServices;
  22 import com.android.server.notification.NotificationManagerInternal;
  23
  24 import android.app.INotificationManager;
  25 import android.app.Notification;
  26 import android.app.NotificationManager;
  27 import android.app.PendingIntent;
  28 import android.content.ComponentName;
  29 import android.content.Context;
  30 import android.content.Intent;
  31 import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
  32 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
  33 import android.content.pm.ServiceInfo;
  34 import android.net.Uri;
  35 import android.os.Binder;
  36 import android.os.IBinder;
  37 import android.os.RemoteException;
  38 import android.os.SystemClock;
  39 import android.os.UserHandle;
  40 import android.provider.Settings;
  41 import android.util.ArrayMap;
  42 import android.util.Slog;
  43 import android.util.TimeUtils;
  44
  45 import java.io.PrintWriter;
  46 import java.util.ArrayList;
  47 import java.util.List;
  48 import java.util.Objects;
  49
  50 import static com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerDebugConfig.TAG_AM;
  51 import static com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerDebugConfig.TAG_WITH_CLASS_NAME;
  52
  53 /**
  54  * A running application service.
  55  */
  56 final class ServiceRecord extends Binder {
  57     private static final String TAG = TAG_WITH_CLASS_NAME ? "ServiceRecord" : TAG_AM;
  58
  59     // Maximum number of delivery attempts before giving up.
  60     static final int MAX_DELIVERY_COUNT = 3;
  61
  62     // Maximum number of times it can fail during execution before giving up.
  63     static final int MAX_DONE_EXECUTING_COUNT = 6;
  64
  65     final ActivityManagerService ams;
  66     final BatteryStatsImpl.Uid.Pkg.Serv stats;
  67     final ComponentName name; // service component.
  68     final String shortName; // name.flattenToShortString().
  69     final Intent.FilterComparison intent;
  70                             // original intent used to find service.
  71     final ServiceInfo serviceInfo;
  72                             // all information about the service.
  73     final ApplicationInfo appInfo;
  74                             // information about service's app.
  75     final int userId;       // user that this service is running as
  76     final String packageName; // the package implementing intent's component
  77     final String processName; // process where this component wants to run
  78     final String permission;// permission needed to access service
  79     final boolean exported; // from ServiceInfo.exported
  80     final Runnable restarter; // used to schedule retries of starting the service
  81     final long createTime;  // when this service was created
  82     final ArrayMap<Intent.FilterComparison, IntentBindRecord> bindings
  83             = new ArrayMap<Intent.FilterComparison, IntentBindRecord>();
  84                             // All active bindings to the service.
  85     final ArrayMap<IBinder, ArrayList<ConnectionRecord>> connections
  86             = new ArrayMap<IBinder, ArrayList<ConnectionRecord>>();
  87                             // IBinder -> ConnectionRecord of all bound clients
  88
  89     ProcessRecord app;      // where this service is running or null.
  90     ProcessRecord isolatedProc; // keep track of isolated process, if requested
  91     ProcessStats.ServiceState tracker; // tracking service execution, may be null
  92     ProcessStats.ServiceState restartTracker; // tracking service restart
  93     boolean delayed;        // are we waiting to start this service in the background?
  94     boolean isForeground;   // is service currently in foreground mode?
  95     int foregroundId;       // Notification ID of last foreground req.
  96     Notification foregroundNoti; // Notification record of foreground state.
  97     long lastActivity;      // last time there was some activity on the service.
  98     long startingBgTimeout;  // time at which we scheduled this for a delayed start.
  99     boolean startRequested; // someone explicitly called start?
 100     boolean delayedStop;    // service has been stopped but is in a delayed start?
 101     boolean stopIfKilled;   // last onStart() said to stop if service killed?
 102     boolean callStart;      // last onStart() has asked to alway be called on restart.
 103     int executeNesting;     // number of outstanding operations keeping foreground.
 104     boolean executeFg;      // should we be executing in the foreground?
 105     long executingStart;    // start time of last execute request.
 106     boolean createdFromFg;  // was this service last created due to a foreground process call?
 107     int crashCount;         // number of times proc has crashed with service running
 108     int totalRestartCount;  // number of times we have had to restart.
 109     int restartCount;       // number of restarts performed in a row.
 110     long restartDelay;      // delay until next restart attempt.
 111     long restartTime;       // time of last restart.
 112     long nextRestartTime;   // time when restartDelay will expire.
 113     boolean destroying;     // set when we have started destroying the service
 114     long destroyTime;       // time at which destory was initiated.
 115
 116     String stringName;      // caching of toString
 117
 118     private int lastStartId;    // identifier of most recent start request.
 119
 120     static class StartItem {
 121         final ServiceRecord sr;
 122         final boolean taskRemoved;
 123         final int id;
 124         final Intent intent;
 125         final ActivityManagerService.NeededUriGrants neededGrants;
 126         long deliveredTime;
 127         int deliveryCount;
 128         int doneExecutingCount;
 129         UriPermissionOwner uriPermissions;
 130
 131         String stringName;      // caching of toString
 132
 133         StartItem(ServiceRecord _sr, boolean _taskRemoved, int _id, Intent _intent,
 134                 ActivityManagerService.NeededUriGrants _neededGrants) {
 135             sr = _sr;
 136             taskRemoved = _taskRemoved;
 137             id = _id;
 138             intent = _intent;
 139             neededGrants = _neededGrants;
 140         }
 141
 142         UriPermissionOwner getUriPermissionsLocked() {
 143             if (uriPermissions == null) {
 144                 uriPermissions = new UriPermissionOwner(sr.ams, this);
 145             }
 146             return uriPermissions;
 147         }
 148
 149         void removeUriPermissionsLocked() {
 150             if (uriPermissions != null) {
 151                 uriPermissions.removeUriPermissionsLocked();
 152                 uriPermissions = null;
 153             }
 154         }
 155
 156         public String toString() {
 157             if (stringName != null) {
 158                 return stringName;
 159             }
 160             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(128);
 161             sb.append("ServiceRecord{")
 162                 .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(sr)))
 163                 .append(' ').append(sr.shortName)
 164                 .append(" StartItem ")
 165                 .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(this)))
 166                 .append(" id=").append(id).append('}');
 167             return stringName = sb.toString();
 168         }
 169     }
 170
 171     final ArrayList<StartItem> deliveredStarts = new ArrayList<StartItem>();
 172                             // start() arguments which been delivered.
 173     final ArrayList<StartItem> pendingStarts = new ArrayList<StartItem>();
 174                             // start() arguments that haven't yet been delivered.
 175
 176     void dumpStartList(PrintWriter pw, String prefix, List<StartItem> list, long now) {
 177         final int N = list.size();
 178         for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
 179             StartItem si = list.get(i);
 180             pw.print(prefix); pw.print("#"); pw.print(i);
 181                     pw.print(" id="); pw.print(si.id);
 182                     if (now != 0) {
 183                         pw.print(" dur=");
 184                         TimeUtils.formatDuration(si.deliveredTime, now, pw);
 185                     }
 186                     if (si.deliveryCount != 0) {
 187                         pw.print(" dc="); pw.print(si.deliveryCount);
 188                     }
 189                     if (si.doneExecutingCount != 0) {
 190                         pw.print(" dxc="); pw.print(si.doneExecutingCount);
 191                     }
 192                     pw.println("");
 193             pw.print(prefix); pw.print("  intent=");
 194                     if (si.intent != null) pw.println(si.intent.toString());
 195                     else pw.println("null");
 196             if (si.neededGrants != null) {
 197                 pw.print(prefix); pw.print("  neededGrants=");
 198                         pw.println(si.neededGrants);
 199             }
 200             if (si.uriPermissions != null) {
 201                 si.uriPermissions.dump(pw, prefix);
 202             }
 203         }
 204     }
 205
 206     void dump(PrintWriter pw, String prefix) {
 207         pw.print(prefix); pw.print("intent={");
 208                 pw.print(intent.getIntent().toShortString(false, true, false, true));
 209                 pw.println('}');
 210         pw.print(prefix); pw.print("packageName="); pw.println(packageName);
 211         pw.print(prefix); pw.print("processName="); pw.println(processName);
 212         if (permission != null) {
 213             pw.print(prefix); pw.print("permission="); pw.println(permission);
 214         }
 215         long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
 216         long nowReal = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
 217         if (appInfo != null) {
 218             pw.print(prefix); pw.print("baseDir="); pw.println(appInfo.sourceDir);
 219             if (!Objects.equals(appInfo.sourceDir, appInfo.publicSourceDir)) {
 220                 pw.print(prefix); pw.print("resDir="); pw.println(appInfo.publicSourceDir);
 221             }
 222             pw.print(prefix); pw.print("dataDir="); pw.println(appInfo.dataDir);
 223         }
 224         pw.print(prefix); pw.print("app="); pw.println(app);
 225         if (isolatedProc != null) {
 226             pw.print(prefix); pw.print("isolatedProc="); pw.println(isolatedProc);
 227         }
 228         if (delayed) {
 229             pw.print(prefix); pw.print("delayed="); pw.println(delayed);
 230         }
 231         if (isForeground || foregroundId != 0) {
 232             pw.print(prefix); pw.print("isForeground="); pw.print(isForeground);
 233                     pw.print(" foregroundId="); pw.print(foregroundId);
 234                     pw.print(" foregroundNoti="); pw.println(foregroundNoti);
 235         }
 236         pw.print(prefix); pw.print("createTime=");
 237                 TimeUtils.formatDuration(createTime, nowReal, pw);
 238                 pw.print(" startingBgTimeout=");
 239                 TimeUtils.formatDuration(startingBgTimeout, now, pw);
 240                 pw.println();
 241         pw.print(prefix); pw.print("lastActivity=");
 242                 TimeUtils.formatDuration(lastActivity, now, pw);
 243                 pw.print(" restartTime=");
 244                 TimeUtils.formatDuration(restartTime, now, pw);
 245                 pw.print(" createdFromFg="); pw.println(createdFromFg);
 246         if (startRequested || delayedStop || lastStartId != 0) {
 247             pw.print(prefix); pw.print("startRequested="); pw.print(startRequested);
 248                     pw.print(" delayedStop="); pw.print(delayedStop);
 249                     pw.print(" stopIfKilled="); pw.print(stopIfKilled);
 250                     pw.print(" callStart="); pw.print(callStart);
 251                     pw.print(" lastStartId="); pw.println(lastStartId);
 252         }
 253         if (executeNesting != 0) {
 254             pw.print(prefix); pw.print("executeNesting="); pw.print(executeNesting);
 255                     pw.print(" executeFg="); pw.print(executeFg);
 256                     pw.print(" executingStart=");
 257                     TimeUtils.formatDuration(executingStart, now, pw);
 258                     pw.println();
 259         }
 260         if (destroying || destroyTime != 0) {
 261             pw.print(prefix); pw.print("destroying="); pw.print(destroying);
 262                     pw.print(" destroyTime=");
 263                     TimeUtils.formatDuration(destroyTime, now, pw);
 264                     pw.println();
 265         }
 266         if (crashCount != 0 || restartCount != 0
 267                 || restartDelay != 0 || nextRestartTime != 0) {
 268             pw.print(prefix); pw.print("restartCount="); pw.print(restartCount);
 269                     pw.print(" restartDelay=");
 270                     TimeUtils.formatDuration(restartDelay, now, pw);
 271                     pw.print(" nextRestartTime=");
 272                     TimeUtils.formatDuration(nextRestartTime, now, pw);
 273                     pw.print(" crashCount="); pw.println(crashCount);
 274         }
 275         if (deliveredStarts.size() > 0) {
 276             pw.print(prefix); pw.println("Delivered Starts:");
 277             dumpStartList(pw, prefix, deliveredStarts, now);
 278         }
 279         if (pendingStarts.size() > 0) {
 280             pw.print(prefix); pw.println("Pending Starts:");
 281             dumpStartList(pw, prefix, pendingStarts, 0);
 282         }
 283         if (bindings.size() > 0) {
 284             pw.print(prefix); pw.println("Bindings:");
 285             for (int i=0; i<bindings.size(); i++) {
 286                 IntentBindRecord b = bindings.valueAt(i);
 287                 pw.print(prefix); pw.print("* IntentBindRecord{");
 288                         pw.print(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(b)));
 289                         if ((b.collectFlags()&Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE) != 0) {
 290                             pw.append(" CREATE");
 291                         }
 292                         pw.println("}:");
 293                 b.dumpInService(pw, prefix + "  ");
 294             }
 295         }
 296         if (connections.size() > 0) {
 297             pw.print(prefix); pw.println("All Connections:");
 298             for (int conni=0; conni<connections.size(); conni++) {
 299                 ArrayList<ConnectionRecord> c = connections.valueAt(conni);
 300                 for (int i=0; i<c.size(); i++) {
 301                     pw.print(prefix); pw.print("  "); pw.println(c.get(i));
 302                 }
 303             }
 304         }
 305     }
 306
 307     ServiceRecord(ActivityManagerService ams,
 308             BatteryStatsImpl.Uid.Pkg.Serv servStats, ComponentName name,
 309             Intent.FilterComparison intent, ServiceInfo sInfo, boolean callerIsFg,
 310             Runnable restarter) {
 311         this.ams = ams;
 312         this.stats = servStats;
 313         this.name = name;
 314         shortName = name.flattenToShortString();
 315         this.intent = intent;
 316         serviceInfo = sInfo;
 317         appInfo = sInfo.applicationInfo;
 318         packageName = sInfo.applicationInfo.packageName;
 319         processName = sInfo.processName;
 320         permission = sInfo.permission;
 321         exported = sInfo.exported;
 322         this.restarter = restarter;
 323         createTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
 324         lastActivity = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
 325         userId = UserHandle.getUserId(appInfo.uid);
 326         createdFromFg = callerIsFg;
 327     }
 328
 329     public ProcessStats.ServiceState getTracker() {
 330         if (tracker != null) {
 331             return tracker;
 332         }
 333         if ((serviceInfo.applicationInfo.flags&ApplicationInfo.FLAG_PERSISTENT) == 0) {
 334             tracker = ams.mProcessStats.getServiceStateLocked(serviceInfo.packageName,
 335                     serviceInfo.applicationInfo.uid, serviceInfo.applicationInfo.versionCode,
 336                     serviceInfo.processName, serviceInfo.name);
 337             tracker.applyNewOwner(this);
 338         }
 339         return tracker;
 340     }
 341
 342     public void forceClearTracker() {
 343         if (tracker != null) {
 344             tracker.clearCurrentOwner(this, true);
 345             tracker = null;
 346         }
 347     }
 348
 349     public void makeRestarting(int memFactor, long now) {
 350         if (restartTracker == null) {
 351             if ((serviceInfo.applicationInfo.flags&ApplicationInfo.FLAG_PERSISTENT) == 0) {
 352                 restartTracker = ams.mProcessStats.getServiceStateLocked(serviceInfo.packageName,
 353                         serviceInfo.applicationInfo.uid, serviceInfo.applicationInfo.versionCode,
 354                         serviceInfo.processName, serviceInfo.name);
 355             }
 356             if (restartTracker == null) {
 357                 return;
 358             }
 359         }
 360         restartTracker.setRestarting(true, memFactor, now);
 361     }
 362
 363     public AppBindRecord retrieveAppBindingLocked(Intent intent,
 364             ProcessRecord app) {
 365         Intent.FilterComparison filter = new Intent.FilterComparison(intent);
 366         IntentBindRecord i = bindings.get(filter);
 367         if (i == null) {
 368             i = new IntentBindRecord(this, filter);
 369             bindings.put(filter, i);
 370         }
 371         AppBindRecord a = i.apps.get(app);
 372         if (a != null) {
 373             return a;
 374         }
 375         a = new AppBindRecord(this, i, app);
 376         i.apps.put(app, a);
 377         return a;
 378     }
 379
 380     public boolean hasAutoCreateConnections() {
 381         // XXX should probably keep a count of the number of auto-create
 382         // connections directly in the service.
 383         for (int conni=connections.size()-1; conni>=0; conni--) {
 384             ArrayList<ConnectionRecord> cr = connections.valueAt(conni);
 385             for (int i=0; i<cr.size(); i++) {
 386                 if ((cr.get(i).flags&Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE) != 0) {
 387                     return true;
 388                 }
 389             }
 390         }
 391         return false;
 392     }
 393
 394     public void resetRestartCounter() {
 395         restartCount = 0;
 396         restartDelay = 0;
 397         restartTime = 0;
 398     }
 399
 400     public StartItem findDeliveredStart(int id, boolean remove) {
 401         final int N = deliveredStarts.size();
 402         for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
 403             StartItem si = deliveredStarts.get(i);
 404             if (si.id == id) {
 405                 if (remove) deliveredStarts.remove(i);
 406                 return si;
 407             }
 408         }
 409
 410         return null;
 411     }
 412
 413     public int getLastStartId() {
 414         return lastStartId;
 415     }
 416
 417     public int makeNextStartId() {
 418         lastStartId++;
 419         if (lastStartId < 1) {
 420             lastStartId = 1;
 421         }
 422         return lastStartId;
 423     }
 424
 425     public void postNotification() {
 426         final int appUid = appInfo.uid;
 427         final int appPid = app.pid;
 428         if (foregroundId != 0 && foregroundNoti != null) {
 429             // Do asynchronous communication with notification manager to
 430             // avoid deadlocks.
 431             final String localPackageName = packageName;
 432             final int localForegroundId = foregroundId;
 433             final Notification _foregroundNoti = foregroundNoti;
 434             ams.mHandler.post(new Runnable() {
 435                 public void run() {
 436                     NotificationManagerInternal nm = LocalServices.getService(
 437                             NotificationManagerInternal.class);
 438                     if (nm == null) {
 439                         return;
 440                     }
 441                     Notification localForegroundNoti = _foregroundNoti;
 442                     try {
 443                         if (localForegroundNoti.getSmallIcon() == null) {
 444                             // It is not correct for the caller to supply a notification
 445                             // icon, but this used to be able to slip through, so for
 446                             // those dirty apps we will create a notification clearly
 447                             // blaming the app.
 448                             Slog.v(TAG, "Attempted to start a foreground service ("
 449                                     + name
 450                                     + ") with a broken notification (no icon: "
 451                                     + localForegroundNoti
 452                                     + ")");
 453
 454                             CharSequence appName = appInfo.loadLabel(
 455                                     ams.mContext.getPackageManager());
 456                             if (appName == null) {
 457                                 appName = appInfo.packageName;
 458                             }
 459                             Context ctx = null;
 460                             try {
 461                                 ctx = ams.mContext.createPackageContext(
 462                                         appInfo.packageName, 0);
 463
 464                                 Notification.Builder notiBuilder = new Notification.Builder(ctx);
 465
 466                                 // it's ugly, but it clearly identifies the app
 467                                 notiBuilder.setSmallIcon(appInfo.icon);
 468
 469                                 // mark as foreground
 470                                 notiBuilder.setFlag(Notification.FLAG_FOREGROUND_SERVICE, true);
 471
 472                                 // we are doing the app a kindness here
 473                                 notiBuilder.setPriority(Notification.PRIORITY_MIN);
 474
 475                                 Intent runningIntent = new Intent(
 476                                         Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
 477                                 runningIntent.setData(Uri.fromParts("package",
 478                                         appInfo.packageName, null));
 479                                 PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(ams.mContext, 0,
 480                                         runningIntent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
 481                                 notiBuilder.setColor(ams.mContext.getColor(
 482                                         com.android.internal
 483                                                 .R.color.system_notification_accent_color));
 484                                 notiBuilder.setContentTitle(
 485                                         ams.mContext.getString(
 486                                                 com.android.internal.R.string
 487                                                         .app_running_notification_title,
 488                                                 appName));
 489                                 notiBuilder.setContentText(
 490                                         ams.mContext.getString(
 491                                                 com.android.internal.R.string
 492                                                         .app_running_notification_text,
 493                                                 appName));
 494                                 notiBuilder.setContentIntent(pi);
 495
 496                                 localForegroundNoti = notiBuilder.build();
 497                             } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
 498                             }
 499                         }
 500                         if (localForegroundNoti.getSmallIcon() == null) {
 501                             // Notifications whose icon is 0 are defined to not show
 502                             // a notification, silently ignoring it.  We don't want to
 503                             // just ignore it, we want to prevent the service from
 504                             // being foreground.
 505                             throw new RuntimeException("invalid service notification: "
 506                                     + foregroundNoti);
 507                         }
 508                         int[] outId = new int[1];
 509                         nm.enqueueNotification(localPackageName, localPackageName,
 510                                 appUid, appPid, null, localForegroundId, localForegroundNoti,
 511                                 outId, userId);
 512
 513                         foregroundNoti = localForegroundNoti; // save it for amending next time
 514                     } catch (RuntimeException e) {
 515                         Slog.w(TAG, "Error showing notification for service", e);
 516                         // If it gave us a garbage notification, it doesn't
 517                         // get to be foreground.
 518                         ams.setServiceForeground(name, ServiceRecord.this,
 519                                 0, null, true);
 520                         ams.crashApplication(appUid, appPid, localPackageName,
 521                                 "Bad notification for startForeground: " + e);
 522                     }
 523                 }
 524             });
 525         }
 526     }
 527
 528     public void cancelNotification() {
 529         if (foregroundId != 0) {
 530             // Do asynchronous communication with notification manager to
 531             // avoid deadlocks.
 532             final String localPackageName = packageName;
 533             final int localForegroundId = foregroundId;
 534             ams.mHandler.post(new Runnable() {
 535                 public void run() {
 536                     INotificationManager inm = NotificationManager.getService();
 537                     if (inm == null) {
 538                         return;
 539                     }
 540                     try {
 541                         inm.cancelNotificationWithTag(localPackageName, null,
 542                                 localForegroundId, userId);
 543                     } catch (RuntimeException e) {
 544                         Slog.w(TAG, "Error canceling notification for service", e);
 545                     } catch (RemoteException e) {
 546                     }
 547                 }
 548             });
 549         }
 550     }
 551
 552     public void stripForegroundServiceFlagFromNotification() {
 553         if (foregroundId == 0) {
 554             return;
 555         }
 556
 557         final int localForegroundId = foregroundId;
 558         final int localUserId = userId;
 559         final String localPackageName = packageName;
 560
 561         // Do asynchronous communication with notification manager to
 562         // avoid deadlocks.
 563         ams.mHandler.post(new Runnable() {
 564             @Override
 565             public void run() {
 566                 NotificationManagerInternal nmi = LocalServices.getService(
 567                         NotificationManagerInternal.class);
 568                 if (nmi == null) {
 569                     return;
 570                 }
 571                 nmi.removeForegroundServiceFlagFromNotification(localPackageName, localForegroundId,
 572                         localUserId);
 573             }
 574         });
 575     }
 576
 577     public void clearDeliveredStartsLocked() {
 578         for (int i=deliveredStarts.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {
 579             deliveredStarts.get(i).removeUriPermissionsLocked();
 580         }
 581         deliveredStarts.clear();
 582     }
 583
 584     public String toString() {
 585         if (stringName != null) {
 586             return stringName;
 587         }
 588         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(128);
 589         sb.append("ServiceRecord{")
 590             .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(this)))
 591             .append(" u").append(userId)
 592             .append(' ').append(shortName).append('}');
 593         return stringName = sb.toString();
 594     }
 595 }