src/backend/parser/parse_node.c

   1 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
   2  *
   3  * parse_node.c
   4  *        various routines that make nodes for query plans
   5  *
   6  * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2001, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
   7  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
   8  *
   9  *
  10  * IDENTIFICATION
  11  *        $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/parser/parse_node.c,v 1.64 2002/05/01 19:26:07 tgl Exp $
  12  *
  13  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  14  */
  15 #include "postgres.h"
  16
  17 #include <ctype.h>
  18 #include <errno.h>
  19 #include <float.h>
  20
  21 #include "access/heapam.h"
  22 #include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
  23 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
  24 #include "fmgr.h"
  25 #include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
  26 #include "parser/parsetree.h"
  27 #include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
  28 #include "parser/parse_expr.h"
  29 #include "parser/parse_node.h"
  30 #include "parser/parse_oper.h"
  31 #include "parser/parse_relation.h"
  32 #include "parser/parse_target.h"
  33 #include "parser/parse_type.h"
  34 #include "utils/builtins.h"
  35 #include "utils/varbit.h"
  36 #include "utils/lsyscache.h"
  37 #include "utils/syscache.h"
  38
  39 static bool fitsInFloat(Value *value);
  40
  41
  42 /* make_parsestate()
  43  * Allocate and initialize a new ParseState.
  44  * The CALLER is responsible for freeing the ParseState* returned.
  45  */
  46 ParseState *
  47 make_parsestate(ParseState *parentParseState)
  48 {
  49         ParseState *pstate;
  50
  51         pstate = palloc(sizeof(ParseState));
  52         MemSet(pstate, 0, sizeof(ParseState));
  53
  54         pstate->parentParseState = parentParseState;
  55         pstate->p_last_resno = 1;
  56
  57         return pstate;
  58 }
  59
  60
  61 /* make_operand()
  62  * Ensure argument type match by forcing conversion of constants.
  63  */
  64 Node *
  65 make_operand(Node *tree, Oid orig_typeId, Oid target_typeId)
  66 {
  67         Node       *result;
  68
  69         if (tree != NULL)
  70         {
  71                 /* must coerce? */
  72                 if (target_typeId != orig_typeId)
  73                         result = coerce_type(NULL, tree, orig_typeId, target_typeId, -1,
  74                                                                  false);
  75                 else
  76                         result = tree;
  77         }
  78         else
  79         {
  80                 /* otherwise, this is a NULL value */
  81                 result = (Node *) makeNullConst(target_typeId);
  82         }
  83
  84         return result;
  85 }       /* make_operand() */
  86
  87
  88 /* make_op()
  89  * Operator construction.
  90  *
  91  * Transform operator expression ensuring type compatibility.
  92  * This is where some type conversion happens.
  93  */
  94 Expr *
  95 make_op(List *opname, Node *ltree, Node *rtree)
  96 {
  97         Oid                     ltypeId,
  98                                 rtypeId;
  99         Operator        tup;
 100         Form_pg_operator opform;
 101         Oper       *newop;
 102         Node       *left,
 103                            *right;
 104         Expr       *result;
 105
 106         ltypeId = (ltree == NULL) ? UNKNOWNOID : exprType(ltree);
 107         rtypeId = (rtree == NULL) ? UNKNOWNOID : exprType(rtree);
 108
 109         /* right operator? */
 110         if (rtree == NULL)
 111         {
 112                 tup = right_oper(opname, ltypeId, false);
 113                 opform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(tup);
 114                 left = make_operand(ltree, ltypeId, opform->oprleft);
 115                 right = NULL;
 116         }
 117
 118         /* left operator? */
 119         else if (ltree == NULL)
 120         {
 121                 tup = left_oper(opname, rtypeId, false);
 122                 opform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(tup);
 123                 right = make_operand(rtree, rtypeId, opform->oprright);
 124                 left = NULL;
 125         }
 126
 127         /* otherwise, binary operator */
 128         else
 129         {
 130                 tup = oper(opname, ltypeId, rtypeId, false);
 131                 opform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(tup);
 132                 left = make_operand(ltree, ltypeId, opform->oprleft);
 133                 right = make_operand(rtree, rtypeId, opform->oprright);
 134         }
 135
 136         newop = makeOper(oprid(tup),    /* opno */
 137                                          InvalidOid,    /* opid */
 138                                          opform->oprresult);            /* operator result type */
 139
 140         result = makeNode(Expr);
 141         result->typeOid = opform->oprresult;
 142         result->opType = OP_EXPR;
 143         result->oper = (Node *) newop;
 144
 145         if (!left)
 146                 result->args = makeList1(right);
 147         else if (!right)
 148                 result->args = makeList1(left);
 149         else
 150                 result->args = makeList2(left, right);
 151
 152         ReleaseSysCache(tup);
 153
 154         return result;
 155 }       /* make_op() */
 156
 157
 158 /*
 159  * make_var
 160  *              Build a Var node for an attribute identified by RTE and attrno
 161  */
 162 Var *
 163 make_var(ParseState *pstate, RangeTblEntry *rte, int attrno)
 164 {
 165         int                     vnum,
 166                                 sublevels_up;
 167         Oid                     vartypeid;
 168         int32           type_mod;
 169
 170         vnum = RTERangeTablePosn(pstate, rte, &sublevels_up);
 171         get_rte_attribute_type(rte, attrno, &vartypeid, &type_mod);
 172         return makeVar(vnum, attrno, vartypeid, type_mod, sublevels_up);
 173 }
 174
 175 /*
 176  * transformArraySubscripts()
 177  *              Transform array subscripting.  This is used for both
 178  *              array fetch and array assignment.
 179  *
 180  * In an array fetch, we are given a source array value and we produce an
 181  * expression that represents the result of extracting a single array element
 182  * or an array slice.
 183  *
 184  * In an array assignment, we are given a destination array value plus a
 185  * source value that is to be assigned to a single element or a slice of
 186  * that array.  We produce an expression that represents the new array value
 187  * with the source data inserted into the right part of the array.
 188  *
 189  * pstate               Parse state
 190  * arrayBase    Already-transformed expression for the array as a whole
 191  *                              (may be NULL if we are handling an INSERT)
 192  * arrayType    OID of array's datatype
 193  * indirection  Untransformed list of subscripts (must not be NIL)
 194  * forceSlice   If true, treat subscript as array slice in all cases
 195  * assignFrom   NULL for array fetch, else transformed expression for source.
 196  */
 197 ArrayRef *
 198 transformArraySubscripts(ParseState *pstate,
 199                                                  Node *arrayBase,
 200                                                  Oid arrayType,
 201                                                  List *indirection,
 202                                                  bool forceSlice,
 203                                                  Node *assignFrom)
 204 {
 205         Oid                     elementType,
 206                                 resultType;
 207         HeapTuple       type_tuple_array,
 208                                 type_tuple_element;
 209         Form_pg_type type_struct_array,
 210                                 type_struct_element;
 211         bool            isSlice = forceSlice;
 212         List       *upperIndexpr = NIL;
 213         List       *lowerIndexpr = NIL;
 214         List       *idx;
 215         ArrayRef   *aref;
 216
 217         /* Get the type tuple for the array */
 218         type_tuple_array = SearchSysCache(TYPEOID,
 219                                                                           ObjectIdGetDatum(arrayType),
 220                                                                           0, 0, 0);
 221         if (!HeapTupleIsValid(type_tuple_array))
 222                 elog(ERROR, "transformArraySubscripts: Cache lookup failed for array type %u",
 223                          arrayType);
 224         type_struct_array = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(type_tuple_array);
 225
 226         elementType = type_struct_array->typelem;
 227         if (elementType == InvalidOid)
 228                 elog(ERROR, "transformArraySubscripts: type %s is not an array",
 229                          NameStr(type_struct_array->typname));
 230
 231         /* Get the type tuple for the array element type */
 232         type_tuple_element = SearchSysCache(TYPEOID,
 233                                                                                 ObjectIdGetDatum(elementType),
 234                                                                                 0, 0, 0);
 235         if (!HeapTupleIsValid(type_tuple_element))
 236                 elog(ERROR, "transformArraySubscripts: Cache lookup failed for array element type %u",
 237                          elementType);
 238         type_struct_element = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(type_tuple_element);
 239
 240         /*
 241          * A list containing only single subscripts refers to a single array
 242          * element.  If any of the items are double subscripts (lower:upper),
 243          * then the subscript expression means an array slice operation. In
 244          * this case, we supply a default lower bound of 1 for any items that
 245          * contain only a single subscript. The forceSlice parameter forces us
 246          * to treat the operation as a slice, even if no lower bounds are
 247          * mentioned.  Otherwise, we have to prescan the indirection list to
 248          * see if there are any double subscripts.
 249          */
 250         if (!isSlice)
 251         {
 252                 foreach(idx, indirection)
 253                 {
 254                         A_Indices  *ai = (A_Indices *) lfirst(idx);
 255
 256                         if (ai->lidx != NULL)
 257                         {
 258                                 isSlice = true;
 259                                 break;
 260                         }
 261                 }
 262         }
 263
 264         /*
 265          * The type represented by the subscript expression is the element
 266          * type if we are fetching a single element, but it is the same as the
 267          * array type if we are fetching a slice or storing.
 268          */
 269         if (isSlice || assignFrom != NULL)
 270                 resultType = arrayType;
 271         else
 272                 resultType = elementType;
 273
 274         /*
 275          * Transform the subscript expressions.
 276          */
 277         foreach(idx, indirection)
 278         {
 279                 A_Indices  *ai = (A_Indices *) lfirst(idx);
 280                 Node       *subexpr;
 281
 282                 if (isSlice)
 283                 {
 284                         if (ai->lidx)
 285                         {
 286                                 subexpr = transformExpr(pstate, ai->lidx);
 287                                 /* If it's not int4 already, try to coerce */
 288                                 subexpr = CoerceTargetExpr(pstate, subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
 289                                                                                    INT4OID, -1, false);
 290                                 if (subexpr == NULL)
 291                                         elog(ERROR, "array index expressions must be integers");
 292                         }
 293                         else
 294                         {
 295                                 /* Make a constant 1 */
 296                                 subexpr = (Node *) makeConst(INT4OID,
 297                                                                                          sizeof(int32),
 298                                                                                          Int32GetDatum(1),
 299                                                                                          false,
 300                                                                                          true,          /* pass by value */
 301                                                                                          false,
 302                                                                                          false);
 303                         }
 304                         lowerIndexpr = lappend(lowerIndexpr, subexpr);
 305                 }
 306                 subexpr = transformExpr(pstate, ai->uidx);
 307                 /* If it's not int4 already, try to coerce */
 308                 subexpr = CoerceTargetExpr(pstate, subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
 309                                                                    INT4OID, -1, false);
 310                 if (subexpr == NULL)
 311                         elog(ERROR, "array index expressions must be integers");
 312                 upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
 313         }
 314
 315         /*
 316          * If doing an array store, coerce the source value to the right type.
 317          */
 318         if (assignFrom != NULL)
 319         {
 320                 Oid                     typesource = exprType(assignFrom);
 321                 Oid                     typeneeded = isSlice ? arrayType : elementType;
 322
 323                 if (typesource != InvalidOid)
 324                 {
 325                         if (typesource != typeneeded)
 326                         {
 327                                 /* XXX fixme: need to get the array's atttypmod? */
 328                                 assignFrom = CoerceTargetExpr(pstate, assignFrom,
 329                                                                                           typesource, typeneeded,
 330                                                                                           -1, false);
 331                                 if (assignFrom == NULL)
 332                                         elog(ERROR, "Array assignment requires type '%s'"
 333                                                  " but expression is of type '%s'"
 334                                         "\n\tYou will need to rewrite or cast the expression",
 335                                                  format_type_be(typeneeded),
 336                                                  format_type_be(typesource));
 337                         }
 338                 }
 339         }
 340
 341         /*
 342          * Ready to build the ArrayRef node.
 343          */
 344         aref = makeNode(ArrayRef);
 345         aref->refattrlength = type_struct_array->typlen;
 346         aref->refelemlength = type_struct_element->typlen;
 347         aref->refelemtype = resultType;         /* XXX should save element type
 348                                                                                  * too */
 349         aref->refelembyval = type_struct_element->typbyval;
 350         aref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
 351         aref->reflowerindexpr = lowerIndexpr;
 352         aref->refexpr = arrayBase;
 353         aref->refassgnexpr = assignFrom;
 354
 355         ReleaseSysCache(type_tuple_array);
 356         ReleaseSysCache(type_tuple_element);
 357
 358         return aref;
 359 }
 360
 361 /*
 362  * make_const
 363  *
 364  *      Convert a Value node (as returned by the grammar) to a Const node
 365  *      of the "natural" type for the constant.  Note that this routine is
 366  *      only used when there is no explicit cast for the constant, so we
 367  *      have to guess what type is wanted.
 368  *
 369  *      For string literals we produce a constant of type UNKNOWN ---- whose
 370  *      representation is the same as text, but it indicates to later type
 371  *      resolution that we're not sure that it should be considered text.
 372  *      Explicit "NULL" constants are also typed as UNKNOWN.
 373  *
 374  *      For integers and floats we produce int4, float8, or numeric depending
 375  *      on the value of the number.  XXX In some cases it would be nice to take
 376  *      context into account when determining the type to convert to, but in
 377  *      other cases we can't delay the type choice.  One possibility is to invent
 378  *      a dummy type "UNKNOWNNUMERIC" that's treated similarly to UNKNOWN;
 379  *      that would allow us to do the right thing in examples like a simple
 380  *      INSERT INTO table (numericcolumn) VALUES (1.234), since we wouldn't
 381  *      have to resolve the unknown type until we knew the destination column
 382  *      type.  On the other hand UNKNOWN has considerable problems of its own.
 383  *      We would not like "SELECT 1.2 + 3.4" to claim it can't choose a type.
 384  */
 385 Const *
 386 make_const(Value *value)
 387 {
 388         Datum           val;
 389         Oid                     typeid;
 390         int                     typelen;
 391         bool            typebyval;
 392         Const      *con;
 393
 394         switch (nodeTag(value))
 395         {
 396                 case T_Integer:
 397                         val = Int32GetDatum(intVal(value));
 398
 399                         typeid = INT4OID;
 400                         typelen = sizeof(int32);
 401                         typebyval = true;
 402                         break;
 403
 404                 case T_Float:
 405                         if (fitsInFloat(value))
 406                         {
 407                                 val = Float8GetDatum(floatVal(value));
 408
 409                                 typeid = FLOAT8OID;
 410                                 typelen = sizeof(float8);
 411                                 typebyval = false;              /* XXX might change someday */
 412                         }
 413                         else
 414                         {
 415                                 val = DirectFunctionCall3(numeric_in,
 416                                                                                   CStringGetDatum(strVal(value)),
 417                                                                                   ObjectIdGetDatum(InvalidOid),
 418                                                                                   Int32GetDatum(-1));
 419
 420                                 typeid = NUMERICOID;
 421                                 typelen = -1;   /* variable len */
 422                                 typebyval = false;
 423                         }
 424                         break;
 425
 426                 case T_String:
 427                         val = DirectFunctionCall1(unknownin,
 428                                                                           CStringGetDatum(strVal(value)));
 429
 430                         typeid = UNKNOWNOID;    /* will be coerced later */
 431                         typelen = -1;           /* variable len */
 432                         typebyval = false;
 433                         break;
 434
 435                 case T_BitString:
 436                         val = DirectFunctionCall3(bit_in,
 437                                                                           CStringGetDatum(strVal(value)),
 438                                                                           ObjectIdGetDatum(InvalidOid),
 439                                                                           Int32GetDatum(-1));
 440                         typeid = BITOID;
 441                         typelen = -1;
 442                         typebyval = false;
 443                         break;
 444
 445                 default:
 446                         elog(WARNING, "make_const: unknown type %d", nodeTag(value));
 447                         /* FALLTHROUGH */
 448
 449                 case T_Null:
 450                         /* return a null const */
 451                         con = makeConst(UNKNOWNOID,
 452                                                         -1,
 453                                                         (Datum) NULL,
 454                                                         true,
 455                                                         false,
 456                                                         false,
 457                                                         false);
 458                         return con;
 459         }
 460
 461         con = makeConst(typeid,
 462                                         typelen,
 463                                         val,
 464                                         false,
 465                                         typebyval,
 466                                         false,          /* not a set */
 467                                         false);         /* not coerced */
 468
 469         return con;
 470 }
 471
 472 /*
 473  * Decide whether a T_Float value fits in float8, or must be treated as
 474  * type "numeric".      We check the number of digits and check for overflow/
 475  * underflow.  (With standard compilation options, Postgres' NUMERIC type
 476  * can handle decimal exponents up to 1000, considerably more than most
 477  * implementations of float8, so this is a sensible test.)
 478  */
 479 static bool
 480 fitsInFloat(Value *value)
 481 {
 482         const char *ptr;
 483         int                     ndigits;
 484         char       *endptr;
 485
 486         /*
 487          * Count digits, ignoring leading zeroes (but not trailing zeroes).
 488          * DBL_DIG is the maximum safe number of digits for "double".
 489          */
 490         ptr = strVal(value);
 491         while (*ptr == '+' || *ptr == '-' || *ptr == '0' || *ptr == '.')
 492                 ptr++;
 493         ndigits = 0;
 494         for (; *ptr; ptr++)
 495         {
 496                 if (isdigit((unsigned char) *ptr))
 497                         ndigits++;
 498                 else if (*ptr == 'e' || *ptr == 'E')
 499                         break;                          /* don't count digits in exponent */
 500         }
 501         if (ndigits > DBL_DIG)
 502                 return false;
 503
 504         /*
 505          * Use strtod() to check for overflow/underflow.
 506          */
 507         errno = 0;
 508         (void) strtod(strVal(value), &endptr);
 509         if (*endptr != '\0' || errno != 0)
 510                 return false;
 511
 512         return true;
 513 }