# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-04-24 00:51+0900\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"Language: \n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:25
#, no-wrap
msgid "FEATURE_TEST_MACROS"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:25
#, no-wrap
msgid "2014-03-20"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:25 build/C/man1/intro.1:28 build/C/man2/intro.2:29 build/C/man3/intro.3:26 build/C/man4/intro.4:26 build/C/man5/intro.5:27 build/C/man6/intro.6:26 build/C/man7/intro.7:28 build/C/man8/intro.8:29 build/C/man7/libc.7:26 build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:27 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:30 build/C/man7/man.7:34 build/C/man7/mdoc.7:44 build/C/man7/operator.7:40 build/C/man5/proc.5:62 build/C/man7/standards.7:24 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:39 build/C/man3/undocumented.3:29 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:26 build/C/man7/units.7:26
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:25 build/C/man2/intro.2:29 build/C/man3/intro.3:26 build/C/man4/intro.4:26 build/C/man5/intro.5:27 build/C/man6/intro.6:26 build/C/man7/intro.7:28 build/C/man8/intro.8:29 build/C/man7/libc.7:26 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:30 build/C/man7/man.7:34 build/C/man7/operator.7:40 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:24 build/C/man5/proc.5:62 build/C/man7/standards.7:24 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:39 build/C/man3/undocumented.3:29 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:26 build/C/man7/units.7:26
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual"
msgstr ""

#. type: Sh
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:26 build/C/man1/intro.1:29 build/C/man2/intro.2:30 build/C/man3/intro.3:27 build/C/man4/intro.4:27 build/C/man5/intro.5:28 build/C/man6/intro.6:27 build/C/man7/intro.7:29 build/C/man8/intro.8:30 build/C/man7/libc.7:27 build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:29 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:31 build/C/man7/man.7:35 build/C/man7/mdoc.7:45 build/C/man7/operator.7:41 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:25 build/C/man5/proc.5:63 build/C/man7/standards.7:25 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:40 build/C/man3/undocumented.3:30 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:27 build/C/man7/units.7:27 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:46
#, no-wrap
msgid "NAME"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:28
msgid "feature_test_macros - feature test macros"
msgstr ""

#. type: Sh
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:28 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:33 build/C/man7/man.7:37 build/C/man7/mdoc.7:50 build/C/man3/undocumented.3:32 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:31 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:52
#, no-wrap
msgid "SYNOPSIS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:31
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<#include E<lt>features.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Sh
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:32 build/C/man1/intro.1:31 build/C/man2/intro.2:32 build/C/man3/intro.3:29 build/C/man4/intro.4:29 build/C/man5/intro.5:30 build/C/man6/intro.6:29 build/C/man7/intro.7:31 build/C/man8/intro.8:32 build/C/man7/libc.7:29 build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:31 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:37 build/C/man7/man.7:49 build/C/man7/mdoc.7:54 build/C/man7/operator.7:43 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:27 build/C/man5/proc.5:65 build/C/man7/standards.7:27 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:42 build/C/man3/undocumented.3:34 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:33 build/C/man7/units.7:29 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:54
#, no-wrap
msgid "DESCRIPTION"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:35
msgid ""
"Feature test macros allow the programmer to control the definitions that are "
"exposed by system header files when a program is compiled."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:43
msgid ""
"B<NOTE:> In order to be effective, a feature test macro I<must be defined "
"before including any header files>.  This can be done either in the "
"compilation command (I<cc -DMACRO=value>)  or by defining the macro within "
"the source code before including any headers."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:52
msgid ""
"Some feature test macros are useful for creating portable applications, by "
"preventing nonstandard definitions from being exposed.  Other macros can be "
"used to expose nonstandard definitions that are not exposed by default.  The "
"precise effects of each of the feature test macros described below can be "
"ascertained by inspecting the I<E<lt>features.hE<gt>> header file."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:52
#, no-wrap
msgid "Specification of feature test macro requirements in manual pages"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:58
msgid ""
"When a function requires that a feature test macro is defined, the manual "
"page SYNOPSIS typically includes a note of the following form (this example "
"from the B<acct>(2)  manual page):"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:61
msgid "B<#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:63
msgid "B<int acct(const char *>I<filename>B<);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:68
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see\n"
"B<feature_test_macros>(7)):\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:73
msgid "B<acct>(): _BSD_SOURCE || (_XOPEN_SOURCE && _XOPEN_SOURCE\\ E<lt>\\ 500)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:84
msgid ""
"The B<||> means that in order to obtain the declaration of B<acct>(2)  from "
"I<E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>>, I<either> of the following macro definitions must be "
"made before including any header files:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:89
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#define _BSD_SOURCE\n"
"#define _XOPEN_SOURCE        /* or any value E<lt> 500 */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:94
msgid ""
"Alternatively, equivalent definitions can be included in the compilation "
"command:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:99
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"cc -D_BSD_SOURCE\n"
"cc -D_XOPEN_SOURCE           # Or any value E<lt> 500\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:107
msgid ""
"Note that, as described below, B<some feature test macros are defined by "
"default>, so that it may not always be necessary to explicitly specify the "
"feature test macro(s) shown in the SYNOPSIS."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:111
msgid ""
"In a few cases, manual pages use a shorthand for expressing the feature test "
"macro requirements (this example from B<readahead>(2)):"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:116
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<#define _GNU_SOURCE>\n"
"B<#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:118
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<ssize_t readahead(int >I<fd>B<, off64_t *>I<offset>B<, size_t "
">I<count>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:124
msgid ""
"This format is employed in cases where only a single feature test macro can "
"be used to expose the function declaration, and that macro is not defined by "
"default."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:124
#, no-wrap
msgid "Feature test macros understood by glibc"
msgstr ""

#.  The details in glibc 2.0 are simpler, but combining a
#.  a description of them with the details in later glibc versions
#.  would make for a complicated description.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:132
msgid ""
"The following paragraphs explain how feature test macros are handled in "
"Linux glibc 2.I<x>, I<x> E<gt> 0."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:134
msgid "Linux glibc understands the following feature test macros:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:134
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<__STRICT_ANSI__>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:144
msgid ""
"ISO Standard C.  This macro is implicitly defined by B<gcc>(1)  when invoked "
"with, for example, the I<-std=c99> or I<-ansi> flag."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:144
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:147 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:180
msgid "Defining this macro causes header files to expose definitions as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:148 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:151 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:154 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:158 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:161 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:167 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:181 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:184 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:187 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:191 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:210 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:213 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:543 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:548 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:554 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:559 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:565 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:570 build/C/man5/proc.5:2858 build/C/man5/proc.5:2860 build/C/man5/proc.5:2862 build/C/man5/proc.5:2865
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\(bu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:151
msgid "The value 1 exposes definitions conforming to POSIX.1-1990 and ISO C (1990)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:154
msgid "The value 2 or greater additionally exposes definitions for POSIX.2-1992."
msgstr ""

#.  199506L functionality is available only since glibc 2.1
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:158
msgid ""
"The value 199309L or greater additionally exposes definitions for POSIX.1b "
"(real-time extensions)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:161
msgid ""
"The value 199506L or greater additionally exposes definitions for POSIX.1c "
"(threads)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:167
msgid ""
"(Since glibc 2.3.3)  The value 200112L or greater additionally exposes "
"definitions corresponding to the POSIX.1-2001 base specification (excluding "
"the XSI extension)  and also causes C95 (since glibc 2.12) and C99 (since "
"glibc 2.10) features to be exposed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:171
msgid ""
"(Since glibc 2.10)  The value 200809L or greater additionally exposes "
"definitions corresponding to the POSIX.1-2008 base specification (excluding "
"the XSI extension)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:172
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_POSIX_SOURCE>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:177
msgid ""
"Defining this obsolete macro with any value is equivalent to defining "
"B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE> with the value 1."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:177
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_XOPEN_SOURCE>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:184
msgid ""
"Defining with any value exposes definitions conforming to POSIX.1, POSIX.2, "
"and XPG4."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:187
msgid ""
"The value 500 or greater additionally exposes definitions for SUSv2 (UNIX "
"98)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:191
msgid ""
"(Since glibc 2.2) The value 600 or greater additionally exposes definitions "
"for SUSv3 (UNIX 03; i.e., the POSIX.1-2001 base specification plus the XSI "
"extension) and C99 definitions."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:195
msgid ""
"(Since glibc 2.10) The value 700 or greater additionally exposes definitions "
"for SUSv4 (i.e., the POSIX.1-2008 base specification plus the XSI "
"extension)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:209
msgid ""
"If B<__STRICT_ANSI__> is not defined, or B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> is defined with a "
"value greater than or equal to 500 I<and> neither B<_POSIX_SOURCE> not "
"B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE> is explicitly defined, then the following macros are "
"implicitly defined:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:213
msgid "B<_POSIX_SOURCE> is defined with the value 1."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:217
msgid "B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE> is defined, according to the value of B<_XOPEN_SOURCE>:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:218
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> E<lt> 500"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:222
msgid "B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE> is defined with the value 2."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:222
#, no-wrap
msgid "500 E<lt>= B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> E<lt> 600"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:226
msgid "B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE> is defined with the value 199506L."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:226
#, no-wrap
msgid "600 E<lt>= B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> E<lt> 700"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:230
msgid "B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE> is defined with the value 200112L."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:230
#, no-wrap
msgid "700 E<lt>= B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> (since glibc 2.10)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:234
msgid "B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE> is defined with the value 200809L."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:236
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:245
msgid ""
"If this macro is defined, and B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> is defined, then expose "
"definitions corresponding to the XPG4v2 (SUSv1) UNIX extensions (UNIX 95).  "
"This macro is also implicitly defined if B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> is defined with a "
"value of 500 or more."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:245
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_ISOC99_SOURCE> (since glibc 2.1.3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:248
msgid "Exposes declarations consistent with the ISO C99 standard."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:254
msgid ""
"Earlier glibc 2.1.x versions recognized an equivalent macro named "
"B<_ISOC9X_SOURCE> (because the C99 standard had not then been finalized).  "
"Although the use of this macro is obsolete, glibc continues to recognize it "
"for backward compatibility."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:259
msgid ""
"Defining B<_ISOC99_SOURCE> also exposes ISO C (1990) Amendment 1 (\"C95\") "
"definitions.  (The primary change in C95 was support for international "
"character sets.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:259
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_ISOC11_SOURCE> (since glibc 2.16)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:264
msgid ""
"Exposes declarations consistent with the ISO C11 standard.  Defining this "
"macro also enables C99 and C95 features (like B<_ISOC99_SOURCE>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:264
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:285
msgid ""
"Expose definitions for the alternative API specified by the LFS (Large File "
"Summit) as a \"transitional extension\" to the Single UNIX Specification.  "
"(See E<.UR http:\\:/\\:/opengroup.org\\:/platform\\:/lfs.html> E<.UE .)> The "
"alternative API consists of a set of new objects (i.e., functions and types) "
"whose names are suffixed with \"64\" (e.g., I<off64_t> versus I<off_t>, "
"B<lseek64>()  versus B<lseek>(), etc.).  New programs should not employ this "
"macro; instead I<_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64> should be employed."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:285
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_LARGEFILE_SOURCE>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:307
msgid ""
"This macro was historically used to expose certain functions (specifically "
"B<fseeko>(3)  and B<ftello>(3))  that address limitations of earlier APIs "
"(B<feek>(3)  and B<ftell>(3))  that use I<long int> for file offsets.  This "
"macro is implicitly defined if B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> is defined with a value "
"greater than or equal to 500.  New programs should not employ this macro; "
"defining B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> as just described or defining B<_FILE_OFFSET_BITS> "
"with the value 64 is the preferred mechanism to achieve the same result."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:307
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_FILE_OFFSET_BITS>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:317
msgid ""
"Defining this macro with the value 64 automatically converts references to "
"32-bit functions and data types related to file I/O and filesystem "
"operations into references to their 64-bit counterparts.  This is useful for "
"performing I/O on large files (E<gt> 2 Gigabytes)  on 32-bit systems.  "
"(Defining this macro permits correctly written programs to use large files "
"with only a recompilation being required.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:320
msgid ""
"64-bit systems naturally permit file sizes greater than 2 Gigabytes, and on "
"those systems this macro has no effect."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:320
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_BSD_SOURCE> (deprecated since glibc 2.20)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:324
msgid ""
"Defining this macro with any value causes header files to expose BSD-derived "
"definitions."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:339
msgid ""
"In glibc versions up to and including 2.18, defining this macro also causes "
"BSD definitions to be preferred in some situations where standards conflict, "
"unless one or more of B<_SVID_SOURCE>, B<_POSIX_SOURCE>, B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE>, "
"B<_XOPEN_SOURCE>, B<_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED>, or B<_GNU_SOURCE> is defined, "
"in which case BSD definitions are disfavored.  Since glibc 2.19, "
"B<_BSD_SOURCE> no longer causes BSD definitions to be preferred in case of "
"conflicts."
msgstr ""

#.  commit c941736c92fa3a319221f65f6755659b2a5e0a20
#.  commit 498afc54dfee41d33ba519f496e96480badace8e
#.  commit acd7f096d79c181866d56d4aaf3b043e741f1e2c
#.  commit ade40b10ff5fa59a318cf55b9d8414b758e8df78
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:362
msgid ""
"Since glibc 2.20, this macro is deprecated.  It now has the same effect as "
"defining B<_DEFAULT_SOURCE>, but generates a compile-time warning (unless "
"B<_DEFAULT_SOURCE> is also defined).  Use B<_DEFAULT_SOURCE> instead.  To "
"allow code that requires B<_BSD_SOURCE> in glibc 2.19 and earlier and "
"B<_DEFAULT_SOURCE> in glibc 2.20 and later to compile without warnings, "
"define I<both> B<_BSD_SOURCE> and B<_DEFAULT_SOURCE>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:362
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_SVID_SOURCE> (deprecated since glibc 2.20)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:368
msgid ""
"Defining this macro with any value causes header files to expose System "
"V-derived definitions.  (SVID == System V Interface Definition; see "
"B<standards>(7).)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:371
msgid ""
"Since glibc 2.20, this macro is deprecated in the same fashion as "
"B<_BSD_SOURCE>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:371
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_DEFAULT_SOURCE> (since glibc 2.19)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:383
msgid ""
"This macro can be defined to ensure that the \"default\" definitions are "
"provided even when the defaults would otherwise be disabled, as happens when "
"individual macros are explicitly defined, or the compiler is invoked in one "
"of its \"standard\" modes (e.g., I<cc\\ -std=c99>).  Defining "
"B<_DEFAULT_SOURCE> without defining other individual macros or invoking the "
"compiler in one of its \"standard\" modes has no effect."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:388
msgid ""
"The \"default\" definitions comprise those required by POSIX.1-2008 as well "
"as various definitions derived from BSD and System V.  On glibc 2.19 and "
"earlier, these defaults were approximately equivalent to explicitly defining "
"the following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:390
#, no-wrap
msgid "    cc -D_BSD_SOURCE -D_SVID_SOURCE -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=200809\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:391
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_ATFILE_SOURCE> (since glibc 2.4)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:400
msgid ""
"Defining this macro with any value causes header files to expose "
"declarations of a range of functions with the suffix \"at\"; see "
"B<openat>(2).  Since glibc 2.10, this macro is also implicitly defined if "
"B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE> is defined with a value greater than or equal to 200809L."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:400
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_GNU_SOURCE>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:419
msgid ""
"Defining this macro (with any value) implicitly defines B<_ATFILE_SOURCE>, "
"B<_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE>, B<_ISOC99_SOURCE>, B<_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED>, "
"B<_POSIX_SOURCE>, B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE> with the value 200809L (200112L in "
"glibc versions before 2.10; 199506L in glibc versions before 2.5; 199309L in "
"glibc versions before 2.1)  and B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> with the value 700 (600 in "
"glibc versions before 2.10; 500 in glibc versions before 2.2).  In addition, "
"various GNU-specific extensions are also exposed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:430
msgid ""
"Since glibc 2.19, defining B<_GNU_SOURCE> also has the effect of implicitly "
"defining B<_DEFAULT_SOURCE>.  In glibc versions before 2.20, defining "
"B<_GNU_SOURCE> also had the effect of implicitly defining B<_BSD_SOURCE> and "
"B<_SVID_SOURCE>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:430
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_REENTRANT>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:436
msgid ""
"Defining this macro exposes definitions of certain reentrant functions.  For "
"multithreaded programs, use I<cc\\ -pthread> instead."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:436
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_THREAD_SAFE>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:441
msgid ""
"Synonym for B<_REENTRANT>, provided for compatibility with some other "
"implementations."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:441
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_FORTIFY_SOURCE> (since glibc 2.3.4)"
msgstr ""

#.  For more detail, see:
#.  http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2004-09/msg02055.html
#.  [PATCH] Object size checking to prevent (some) buffer overflows
#.  * From: Jakub Jelinek <jakub at redhat dot com>
#.  * To: gcc-patches at gcc dot gnu dot org
#.  * Date: Tue, 21 Sep 2004 04:16:40 -0400
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:453
msgid ""
"Defining this macro causes some lightweight checks to be performed to detect "
"some buffer overflow errors when employing various string and memory "
"manipulation functions.  Not all buffer overflows are detected, just some "
"common cases."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:471
msgid ""
"In the current implementation, checks are added for calls to B<memcpy>(3), "
"B<mempcpy>(3), B<memmove>(3), B<memset>(3), B<stpcpy>(3), B<strcpy>(3), "
"B<strncpy>(3), B<strcat>(3), B<strncat>(3), B<sprintf>(3), B<snprintf>(3), "
"B<vsprintf>(3), B<vsnprintf>(3), and B<gets>(3)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:486
msgid ""
"If B<_FORTIFY_SOURCE> is set to 1, with compiler optimization level 1 "
"(I<gcc\\ -O1>)  and above, checks that shouldn't change the behavior of "
"conforming programs are performed.  With B<_FORTIFY_SOURCE> set to 2 some "
"more checking is added, but some conforming programs might fail.  Some of "
"the checks can be performed at compile time, and result in compiler "
"warnings; other checks take place at run time, and result in a run-time "
"error if the check fails."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:490
msgid ""
"Use of this macro requires compiler support, available with B<gcc>(1)  since "
"version 4.0."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:490
#, no-wrap
msgid "Default definitions, implicit definitions, and combining definitions"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:506
msgid ""
"If no feature test macros are explicitly defined, then the following feature "
"test macros are defined by default: B<_BSD_SOURCE> (in glibc 2.19 and "
"earlier), B<_SVID_SOURCE> (in glibc 2.19 and earlier), B<_DEFAULT_SOURCE> "
"(since glibc 2.19), B<_POSIX_SOURCE>, and B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE>=200809L "
"(200112L in glibc versions before 2.10; 199506L in glibc versions before "
"2.4; 199309L in glibc versions before 2.1)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:525
msgid ""
"If any of B<__STRICT_ANSI__>, B<_ISOC99_SOURCE>, B<_POSIX_SOURCE>, "
"B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE>, B<_XOPEN_SOURCE>, B<_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED>, "
"B<_BSD_SOURCE> (in glibc 2.19 and earlier), or B<_SVID_SOURCE> (in glibc "
"2.19 and earlier)  is explicitly defined, then B<_BSD_SOURCE>, "
"B<_SVID_SOURCE>, and B<_DEFAULT_SOURCE> are not defined by default."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:536
msgid ""
"If B<_POSIX_SOURCE> and B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE> are not explicitly defined, and "
"either B<__STRICT_ANSI__> is not defined or B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> is defined with "
"a value of 500 or more, then"
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:536 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:539 build/C/man2/intro.2:44 build/C/man2/intro.2:47 build/C/man2/intro.2:50 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:358 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:360 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:362 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:570 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:820 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:822 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:828 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:831 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:834 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:837 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:842 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:846 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:857 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:870 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:872 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:874 build/C/man5/proc.5:907 build/C/man5/proc.5:911 build/C/man5/proc.5:914 build/C/man5/proc.5:916 build/C/man5/proc.5:919 build/C/man5/proc.5:1461 build/C/man5/proc.5:1464 build/C/man5/proc.5:1476 build/C/man5/proc.5:1479 build/C/man5/proc.5:1483 build/C/man5/proc.5:1486 build/C/man5/proc.5:1489 build/C/man5/proc.5:1492 build/C/man5/proc.5:1495 build/C/man5/proc.5:1498 build/C/man5/proc.5:1501 build/C/man5/proc.5:1504 build/C/man5/proc.5:1508 build/C/man5/proc.5:1511 build/C/man5/proc.5:1514 build/C/man5/proc.5:1517 build/C/man5/proc.5:1520 build/C/man5/proc.5:1523 build/C/man5/proc.5:1526 build/C/man5/proc.5:1537 build/C/man5/proc.5:1543 build/C/man5/proc.5:1547 build/C/man5/proc.5:1552 build/C/man5/proc.5:1557 build/C/man5/proc.5:1562 build/C/man5/proc.5:1567 build/C/man5/proc.5:1572 build/C/man5/proc.5:1577 build/C/man5/proc.5:2639 build/C/man5/proc.5:2643 build/C/man5/proc.5:2646 build/C/man5/proc.5:2651 build/C/man5/proc.5:2845 build/C/man5/proc.5:2849 build/C/man5/proc.5:2855 build/C/man5/proc.5:2894 build/C/man5/proc.5:2900 build/C/man5/proc.5:2902
#, no-wrap
msgid "*"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:539
msgid "B<_POSIX_SOURCE> is defined with the value 1; and"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:542
msgid "B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE> is defined with one of the following values:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:548
msgid "2, if B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> is defined with a value less than 500;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:554
msgid ""
"199506L, if B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> is defined with a value greater than or equal "
"to 500 and less than 600; or"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:559
msgid ""
"(since glibc 2.4) 200112L, if B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> is defined with a value "
"greater than or equal to 600 and less than 700."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:565
msgid ""
"(Since glibc 2.10)  200809L, if B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> is defined with a value "
"greater than or equal to 700."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:570
msgid ""
"Older versions of glibc do not know about the values 200112L and 200809L for "
"B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE>, and the setting of this macro will depend on the glibc "
"version."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:579
msgid ""
"If B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> is undefined, then the setting of B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE> "
"depends on the glibc version: 199506L, in glibc versions before 2.4; "
"200112L, in glibc 2.4 to 2.9; and 200809L, since glibc 2.10."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:582
msgid "Multiple macros can be defined; the results are additive."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:582 build/C/man2/intro.2:93 build/C/man3/intro.3:87 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:276
#, no-wrap
msgid "CONFORMING TO"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:590
msgid ""
"POSIX.1 specifies B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE>, B<_POSIX_SOURCE>, and "
"B<_XOPEN_SOURCE>.  B<_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED> was specified by XPG4v2 (aka "
"SUSv1)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:594
msgid ""
"B<_FILE_OFFSET_BITS> is not specified by any standard, but is employed on "
"some other implementations."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:605
msgid ""
"B<_BSD_SOURCE>, B<_SVID_SOURCE>, B<_DEFAULT_SOURCE>, B<_ATFILE_SOURCE>, "
"B<_GNU_SOURCE>, B<_FORTIFY_SOURCE>, B<_REENTRANT>, and B<_THREAD_SAFE> are "
"specific to Linux (glibc)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:605 build/C/man1/intro.1:48 build/C/man2/intro.2:98 build/C/man3/intro.3:92 build/C/man4/intro.4:33 build/C/man5/intro.5:33 build/C/man6/intro.6:32 build/C/man7/intro.7:36 build/C/man8/intro.8:44 build/C/man7/man.7:479 build/C/man5/proc.5:3738 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:40
#, no-wrap
msgid "NOTES"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:612
msgid ""
"I<E<lt>features.hE<gt>> is a Linux/glibc-specific header file.  Other "
"systems have an analogous file, but typically with a different name.  This "
"header file is automatically included by other header files as required: it "
"is not necessary to explicitly include it in order to employ feature test "
"macros."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:624
msgid ""
"According to which of the above feature test macros are defined, "
"I<E<lt>features.hE<gt>> internally defines various other macros that are "
"checked by other glibc header files.  These macros have names prefixed by "
"two underscores (e.g., B<__USE_MISC>).  Programs should I<never> define "
"these macros directly: instead, the appropriate feature test macro(s) from "
"the list above should be employed."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:624 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:882
#, no-wrap
msgid "EXAMPLE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:630
msgid ""
"The program below can be used to explore how the various feature test macros "
"are set depending on the glibc version and what feature test macros are "
"explicitly set.  The following shell session, on a system with glibc 2.10, "
"shows some examples of what we would see:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:657
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ B<cc ftm.c>\n"
"$ B<./a.out>\n"
"_POSIX_SOURCE defined\n"
"_POSIX_C_SOURCE defined: 200809L\n"
"_BSD_SOURCE defined\n"
"_SVID_SOURCE defined\n"
"_ATFILE_SOURCE defined\n"
"$ B<cc -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 ftm.c>\n"
"$ B<./a.out>\n"
"_POSIX_SOURCE defined\n"
"_POSIX_C_SOURCE defined: 199506L\n"
"_XOPEN_SOURCE defined: 500\n"
"$ B<cc -D_GNU_SOURCE ftm.c>\n"
"$ B<./a.out>\n"
"_POSIX_SOURCE defined\n"
"_POSIX_C_SOURCE defined: 200809L\n"
"_ISOC99_SOURCE defined\n"
"_XOPEN_SOURCE defined: 700\n"
"_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED defined\n"
"_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE defined\n"
"_BSD_SOURCE defined\n"
"_SVID_SOURCE defined\n"
"_ATFILE_SOURCE defined\n"
"_GNU_SOURCE defined\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:659
#, no-wrap
msgid "Program source"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:663
#, no-wrap
msgid "/* ftm.c */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:667
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:674
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"#ifdef _POSIX_SOURCE\n"
"    printf(\"_POSIX_SOURCE defined\\en\");\n"
"#endif\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:678
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _POSIX_C_SOURCE\n"
"    printf(\"_POSIX_C_SOURCE defined: %ldL\\en\", (long) _POSIX_C_SOURCE);\n"
"#endif\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:682
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _ISOC99_SOURCE\n"
"    printf(\"_ISOC99_SOURCE defined\\en\");\n"
"#endif\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:686
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _ISOC11_SOURCE\n"
"    printf(\"_ISOC11_SOURCE defined\\en\");\n"
"#endif\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:690
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _XOPEN_SOURCE\n"
"    printf(\"_XOPEN_SOURCE defined: %d\\en\", _XOPEN_SOURCE);\n"
"#endif\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:694
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED\n"
"    printf(\"_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED defined\\en\");\n"
"#endif\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:698
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _LARGEFILE64_SOURCE\n"
"    printf(\"_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE defined\\en\");\n"
"#endif\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:702
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS\n"
"    printf(\"_FILE_OFFSET_BITS defined: %d\\en\", _FILE_OFFSET_BITS);\n"
"#endif\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:706
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _BSD_SOURCE\n"
"    printf(\"_BSD_SOURCE defined\\en\");\n"
"#endif\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:710
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _SVID_SOURCE\n"
"    printf(\"_SVID_SOURCE defined\\en\");\n"
"#endif\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:714
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _DEFAULT_SOURCE\n"
"    printf(\"_DEFAULT_SOURCE defined\\en\");\n"
"#endif\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:718
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _ATFILE_SOURCE\n"
"    printf(\"_ATFILE_SOURCE defined\\en\");\n"
"#endif\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:722
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _GNU_SOURCE\n"
"    printf(\"_GNU_SOURCE defined\\en\");\n"
"#endif\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:726
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _REENTRANT\n"
"    printf(\"_REENTRANT defined\\en\");\n"
"#endif\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:730
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _THREAD_SAFE\n"
"    printf(\"_THREAD_SAFE defined\\en\");\n"
"#endif\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:734
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _FORTIFY_SOURCE\n"
"    printf(\"_FORTIFY_SOURCE defined\\en\");\n"
"#endif\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:737
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Sh
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:738 build/C/man1/intro.1:302 build/C/man2/intro.2:112 build/C/man3/intro.3:97 build/C/man4/intro.4:38 build/C/man5/intro.5:38 build/C/man7/intro.7:41 build/C/man7/libc.7:104 build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:117 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:889 build/C/man7/man.7:560 build/C/man7/mdoc.7:428 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:854 build/C/man5/proc.5:3751 build/C/man7/standards.7:277 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:280 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:64 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2952
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEE ALSO"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:741
msgid "B<libc>(7), B<standards>(7)"
msgstr ""

#.  But beware: the info libc document is out of date (Jul 07, mtk)
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:745
msgid "The section \"Feature Test Macros\" under I<info libc>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:747
msgid "I</usr/include/features.h>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Sh
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:747 build/C/man1/intro.1:304 build/C/man2/intro.2:135 build/C/man3/intro.3:110 build/C/man4/intro.4:40 build/C/man5/intro.5:40 build/C/man6/intro.6:37 build/C/man7/intro.7:43 build/C/man8/intro.8:49 build/C/man7/libc.7:112 build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:127 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:896 build/C/man7/man.7:572 build/C/man7/mdoc.7:433 build/C/man7/operator.7:65 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:857 build/C/man5/proc.5:3785 build/C/man7/standards.7:281 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:283 build/C/man3/undocumented.3:183 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:66 build/C/man7/units.7:130 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2957
#, no-wrap
msgid "COLOPHON"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:754 build/C/man1/intro.1:311 build/C/man2/intro.2:142 build/C/man3/intro.3:117 build/C/man4/intro.4:47 build/C/man5/intro.5:47 build/C/man6/intro.6:44 build/C/man7/intro.7:50 build/C/man8/intro.8:56 build/C/man7/libc.7:119 build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:134 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:903 build/C/man7/man.7:579 build/C/man7/operator.7:72 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:864 build/C/man5/proc.5:3792 build/C/man7/standards.7:288 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:290 build/C/man3/undocumented.3:190 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:73 build/C/man7/units.7:137
msgid ""
"This page is part of release 3.65 of the Linux I<man-pages> project.  A "
"description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be "
"found at \\%http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/."
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:28 build/C/man2/intro.2:29 build/C/man3/intro.3:26 build/C/man4/intro.4:26 build/C/man5/intro.5:27 build/C/man6/intro.6:26 build/C/man7/intro.7:28 build/C/man8/intro.8:29
#, no-wrap
msgid "INTRO"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:28
#, no-wrap
msgid "2007-11-15"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:28 build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:27
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux User's Manual"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:31
msgid "intro - introduction to user commands"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:35
msgid ""
"Section 1 of the manual describes user commands and tools, for example, file "
"manipulation tools, shells, compilers, web browsers, file and image viewers "
"and editors, and so on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:48
msgid ""
"All commands yield a status value on termination.  This value can be tested "
"(e.g., in most shells the variable I<$?> contains the status of the last "
"executed command)  to see whether the command completed successfully.  A "
"zero exit status is conventionally used to indicate success, and a nonzero "
"status means that the command was unsuccessful.  (Details of the exit status "
"can be found in B<wait>(2).)  A nonzero exit status can be in the range 1 to "
"255, and some commands use different nonzero status values to indicate the "
"reason why the command failed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:52
msgid ""
"Linux is a flavor of UNIX, and as a first approximation all user commands "
"under UNIX work precisely the same under Linux (and FreeBSD and lots of "
"other UNIX-like systems)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:62
msgid ""
"Under Linux there are GUIs (graphical user interfaces), where you can point "
"and click and drag, and hopefully get work done without first reading lots "
"of documentation.  The traditional UNIX environment is a CLI (command line "
"interface), where you type commands to tell the computer what to do.  That "
"is faster and more powerful, but requires finding out what the commands "
"are.  Below a bare minimum, to get started."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:62
#, no-wrap
msgid "Login"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:76
msgid ""
"In order to start working, you probably first have to login, that is, give "
"your username and password.  See also B<login>(1).  The program I<login> now "
"starts a I<shell> (command interpreter) for you.  In case of a graphical "
"login, you get a screen with menus or icons and a mouse click will start a "
"shell in a window.  See also B<xterm>(1)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:76
#, no-wrap
msgid "The shell"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:91
msgid ""
"One types commands to the I<shell>, the command interpreter.  It is not "
"built-in, but is just a program and you can change your shell.  Everybody "
"has her own favorite one.  The standard one is called I<sh>.  See also "
"B<ash>(1), B<bash>(1), B<csh>(1), B<zsh>(1), B<chsh>(1)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:93
msgid "A session might go like"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:108
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<knuth login: >I<aeb>\n"
"B<Password: >I<********>\n"
"B<% >I<date>\n"
"Tue Aug  6 23:50:44 CEST 2002\n"
"B<% >I<cal>\n"
"     August 2002\n"
"Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa\n"
"             1  2  3\n"
" 4  5  6  7  8  9 10\n"
"11 12 13 14 15 16 17\n"
"18 19 20 21 22 23 24\n"
"25 26 27 28 29 30 31\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:135
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<% >I<ls>\n"
"bin  tel\n"
"B<% >I<ls -l>\n"
"total 2\n"
"drwxrwxr-x   2 aeb       1024 Aug  6 23:51 bin\n"
"-rw-rw-r--   1 aeb         37 Aug  6 23:52 tel\n"
"B<% >I<cat tel>\n"
"maja    0501-1136285\n"
"peter   0136-7399214\n"
"B<% >I<cp tel tel2>\n"
"B<% >I<ls -l>\n"
"total 3\n"
"drwxr-xr-x   2 aeb       1024 Aug  6 23:51 bin\n"
"-rw-r--r--   1 aeb         37 Aug  6 23:52 tel\n"
"-rw-r--r--   1 aeb         37 Aug  6 23:53 tel2\n"
"B<% >I<mv tel tel1>\n"
"B<% >I<ls -l>\n"
"total 3\n"
"drwxr-xr-x   2 aeb       1024 Aug  6 23:51 bin\n"
"-rw-r--r--   1 aeb         37 Aug  6 23:52 tel1\n"
"-rw-r--r--   1 aeb         37 Aug  6 23:53 tel2\n"
"B<% >I<diff tel1 tel2>\n"
"B<% >I<rm tel1>\n"
"B<% >I<grep maja tel2>\n"
"maja    0501-1136285\n"
"B<% >\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:147
msgid ""
"and here typing Control-D ended the session.  The B<% > here was the command "
"prompt\\(emit is the shell's way of indicating that it is ready for the next "
"command.  The prompt can be customized in lots of ways, and one might "
"include stuff like username, machine name, current directory, time, and so "
"on.  An assignment PS1=\"What next, master? \" would change the prompt as "
"indicated."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:153
msgid ""
"We see that there are commands I<date> (that gives date and time), and "
"I<cal> (that gives a calendar)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:169
msgid ""
"The command I<ls> lists the contents of the current directory\\(emit tells "
"you what files you have.  With a I<-l> option it gives a long listing, that "
"includes the owner and size and date of the file, and the permissions people "
"have for reading and/or changing the file.  For example, the file \"tel\" "
"here is 37 bytes long, owned by aeb and the owner can read and write it, "
"others can only read it.  Owner and permissions can be changed by the "
"commands I<chown> and I<chmod>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:176
msgid ""
"The command I<cat> will show the contents of a file.  (The name is from "
"\"concatenate and print\": all files given as parameters are concatenated "
"and sent to \"standard output\", here the terminal screen.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:183
msgid ""
"The command I<cp> (from \"copy\") will copy a file.  On the other hand, the "
"command I<mv> (from \"move\") only renames it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:188
msgid ""
"The command I<diff> lists the differences between two files.  Here there was "
"no output because there were no differences."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:194
msgid ""
"The command I<rm> (from \"remove\") deletes the file, and be careful! it is "
"gone.  No wastepaper basket or anything.  Deleted means lost."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:199
msgid ""
"The command I<grep> (from \"g/re/p\") finds occurrences of a string in one "
"or more files.  Here it finds Maja's telephone number."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:199
#, no-wrap
msgid "Pathnames and the current directory"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:211
msgid ""
"Files live in a large tree, the file hierarchy.  Each has a I<pathname> "
"describing the path from the root of the tree (which is called /)  to the "
"file.  For example, such a full pathname might be /home/aeb/tel.  Always "
"using full pathnames would be inconvenient, and the name of a file in the "
"current directory may be abbreviated by giving only the last component.  "
"That is why \"/home/aeb/tel\" can be abbreviated to \"tel\" when the current "
"directory is \"/home/aeb\"."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:215
msgid "The command I<pwd> prints the current directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:220
msgid ""
"The command I<cd> changes the current directory.  Try \"cd /\" and \"pwd\" "
"and \"cd\" and \"pwd\"."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:220
#, no-wrap
msgid "Directories"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:224
msgid "The command I<mkdir> makes a new directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:228
msgid ""
"The command I<rmdir> removes a directory if it is empty, and complains "
"otherwise."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:240
msgid ""
"The command I<find> (with a rather baroque syntax) will find files with "
"given name or other properties.  For example, \"find . -name tel\" would "
"find the file \"tel\" starting in the present directory (which is called "
"\".\").  And \"find / -name tel\" would do the same, but starting at the "
"root of the tree.  Large searches on a multi-GB disk will be time-consuming, "
"and it may be better to use B<locate>(1)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:240
#, no-wrap
msgid "Disks and filesystems"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:251
msgid ""
"The command I<mount> will attach the filesystem found on some disk (or "
"floppy, or CDROM or so)  to the big filesystem hierarchy.  And I<umount> "
"detaches it again.  The command I<df> will tell you how much of your disk is "
"still free."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:251
#, no-wrap
msgid "Processes"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:269
msgid ""
"On a UNIX system many user and system processes run simultaneously.  The one "
"you are talking to runs in the I<foreground>, the others in the "
"I<background>.  The command I<ps> will show you which processes are active "
"and what numbers these processes have.  The command I<kill> allows you to "
"get rid of them.  Without option this is a friendly request: please go "
"away.  And \"kill -9\" followed by the number of the process is an immediate "
"kill.  Foreground processes can often be killed by typing Control-C."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:269
#, no-wrap
msgid "Getting information"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:282
msgid ""
"There are thousands of commands, each with many options.  Traditionally "
"commands are documented on I<man pages>, (like this one), so that the "
"command \"man kill\" will document the use of the command \"kill\" (and "
"\"man man\" document the command \"man\").  The program I<man> sends the "
"text through some I<pager>, usually I<less>.  Hit the space bar to get the "
"next page, hit q to quit."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:290
msgid ""
"In documentation it is customary to refer to man pages by giving the name "
"and section number, as in B<man>(1).  Man pages are terse, and allow you to "
"find quickly some forgotten detail.  For newcomers an introductory text with "
"more examples and explanations is useful."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:294
msgid ""
"A lot of GNU/FSF software is provided with info files.  Type \"info info\" "
"for an introduction on the use of the program \"info\"."
msgstr ""

#
#.  Actual examples? Separate section for each of cat, cp, ...?
#.  gzip, bzip2, tar, rpm
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:302
msgid ""
"Special topics are often treated in HOWTOs.  Look in "
"I</usr/share/doc/howto/en> and use a browser if you find HTML files there."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:304 build/C/man4/intro.4:40 build/C/man5/intro.5:40 build/C/man7/intro.7:43
msgid "B<standards>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/intro.2:29
#, no-wrap
msgid "2014-02-20"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/intro.2:32
msgid "intro - introduction to system calls"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/intro.2:42
msgid ""
"Section 2 of the manual describes the Linux system calls.  A system call is "
"an entry point into the Linux kernel.  Usually, system calls are not invoked "
"directly: instead, most system calls have corresponding C library wrapper "
"functions which perform the steps required (e.g., trapping to kernel mode) "
"in order to invoke the system call.  Thus, making a system call looks the "
"same as invoking a normal library function."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/intro.2:44
msgid "In many cases, the C library wrapper function does nothing more than:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/intro.2:47
msgid ""
"copying arguments and the unique system call number to the registers where "
"the kernel expects them;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/intro.2:50
msgid ""
"trapping to kernel mode, at which point the kernel does the real work of the "
"system call; and"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/intro.2:55
msgid ""
"setting I<errno> if the system call returns an error number when the kernel "
"returns the CPU to user mode."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/intro.2:65
msgid ""
"However, in a few cases, a wrapper function may do rather more than this, "
"for example, performing some preprocessing of the arguments of arguments "
"before trapping to kernel mode, or postprocessing of values returned by the "
"system call.  Where this is the case, the manual pages in Section 2 "
"generally try to note the details of both the (usually GNU) C library API "
"interface and the raw system call.  Most commonly, the main DESCRIPTION will "
"focus on the C library interface, and differences for the system call are "
"covered in the NOTES section."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/intro.2:68
msgid "For a list of the Linux system calls, see B<syscalls>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man2/intro.2:68 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:35
#, no-wrap
msgid "RETURN VALUE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/intro.2:77
msgid ""
"On error, most system calls return a negative error number (i.e., the "
"negated value of one of the constants described in B<errno>(3)).  The C "
"library wrapper hides this detail from the caller: when a system call "
"returns a negative value, the wrapper copies the absolute value into the "
"I<errno> variable, and returns -1 as the return value of the wrapper."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/intro.2:82
msgid ""
"The value returned by a successful system call depends on the call.  Many "
"system calls return 0 on success, but some can return nonzero values from a "
"successful call.  The details are described in the individual manual pages."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/intro.2:93
msgid ""
"In some cases, the programmer must define a feature test macro in order to "
"obtain the declaration of a system call from the header file specified in "
"the man page SYNOPSIS section.  (Where required, these feature test macros "
"must be defined before including I<any> header files.)  In such cases, the "
"required macro is described in the man page.  For further information on "
"feature test macros, see B<feature_test_macros>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/intro.2:98 build/C/man3/intro.3:92
msgid ""
"Certain terms and abbreviations are used to indicate UNIX variants and "
"standards to which calls in this section conform.  See B<standards>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man2/intro.2:99
#, no-wrap
msgid "Calling directly"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/intro.2:108
msgid ""
"In most cases, it is unnecessary to invoke a system call directly, but there "
"are times when the Standard C library does not implement a nice wrapper "
"function for you.  In this case, the programmer must manually invoke the "
"system call using B<syscall>(2).  Historically, this was also possible using "
"one of the _syscall macros described in B<_syscall>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man2/intro.2:108 build/C/man3/intro.3:93 build/C/man4/intro.4:34 build/C/man5/intro.5:34 build/C/man6/intro.6:33 build/C/man7/intro.7:37 build/C/man8/intro.8:45
#, no-wrap
msgid "Authors and copyright conditions"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/intro.2:112 build/C/man3/intro.3:97 build/C/man4/intro.4:38 build/C/man5/intro.5:38 build/C/man6/intro.6:37 build/C/man7/intro.7:41 build/C/man8/intro.8:49
msgid ""
"Look at the header of the manual page source for the author(s) and copyright "
"conditions.  Note that these can be different from page to page!"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/intro.2:135
msgid ""
"B<_syscall>(2), B<syscall>(2), B<syscalls>(2), B<errno>(3), B<intro>(3), "
"B<capabilities>(7), B<credentials>(7), B<feature_test_macros>(7), "
"B<mq_overview>(7), B<path_resolution>(7), B<pipe>(7), B<pty>(7), "
"B<sem_overview>(7), B<shm_overview>(7), B<signal>(7), B<socket>(7), "
"B<standards>(7), B<svipc>(7), B<symlink>(7), B<time>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/intro.3:26
#, no-wrap
msgid "2010-11-11"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/intro.3:29
msgid "intro - introduction to library functions"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/intro.3:33
msgid ""
"Section 3 of the manual describes all library functions excluding the "
"library functions (system call wrappers) described in Section 2, which "
"implement system calls."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/intro.3:50
msgid ""
"Many of the functions described in the section are part of the Standard C "
"Library (I<libc>).  Some functions are part of other libraries (e.g., the "
"math library, I<libm>, or the real-time library, I<librt>)  in which case "
"the manual page will indicate the linker option needed to link against the "
"required library (e.g., I<-lm> and I<-lrt>, respectively, for the "
"aforementioned libraries)."
msgstr ""

#
#.  There
#.  are various function groups which can be identified by a letter which
#.  is appended to the chapter number:
#.  .IP (3C)
#.  These functions, the functions from chapter 2 and from chapter 3S are
#.  contained in the C standard library libc, which will be used by
#.  .BR cc (1)
#.  by default.
#.  .IP (3S)
#.  These functions are parts of the
#.  .BR stdio (3)
#.  library.  They are contained in the standard C library libc.
#.  .IP (3M)
#.  These functions are contained in the arithmetic library libm.  They are
#.  used by the
#.  .BR f77 (1)
#.  FORTRAN compiler by default, but not by the
#.  .BR cc (1)
#.  C compiler, which needs the option \fI\-lm\fP.
#.  .IP (3F)
#.  These functions are part of the FORTRAN library libF77.  There are no
#.  special compiler flags needed to use these functions.
#.  .IP (3X)
#.  Various special libraries.  The manual pages documenting their functions
#.  specify the library names.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/intro.3:87
msgid ""
"In some cases, the programmer must define a feature test macro in order to "
"obtain the declaration of a function from the header file specified in the "
"man page SYNOPSIS section.  (Where required, these feature test macros must "
"be defined before including I<any> header files.)  In such cases, the "
"required macro is described in the man page.  For further information on "
"feature test macros, see B<feature_test_macros>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/intro.3:110
msgid ""
"B<intro>(2), B<errno>(3), B<capabilities>(7), B<credentials>(7), "
"B<environ>(7), B<feature_test_macros>(7), B<libc>(7), B<math_error>(7), "
"B<path_resolution>(7), B<pthreads>(7), B<signal>(7), B<standards>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man4/intro.4:26 build/C/man5/intro.5:27 build/C/man6/intro.6:26 build/C/man7/intro.7:28 build/C/man8/intro.8:29
#, no-wrap
msgid "2007-10-23"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man4/intro.4:29
msgid "intro - introduction to special files"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man4/intro.4:31
msgid "Section 4 of the manual describes special files (devices)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Sh
#: build/C/man4/intro.4:31 build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:113 build/C/man7/man.7:475 build/C/man7/mdoc.7:411 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2874
#, no-wrap
msgid "FILES"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man4/intro.4:33
msgid "/dev/* \\(em device files"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/intro.5:30
msgid "intro - introduction to file formats"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/intro.5:33
msgid ""
"Section 5 of the manual describes various file formats and protocols, and "
"the corresponding C structures, if any."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man6/intro.6:29
msgid "intro - introduction to games"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man6/intro.6:32
msgid ""
"Section 6 of the manual describes all the games and funny little programs "
"available on the system."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/intro.7:31
msgid "intro - introduction to overview, conventions, and miscellany section"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/intro.7:36
msgid ""
"Section 7 of the manual provides overviews on various topics, and describes "
"conventions and protocols, character set standards, the standard filesystem "
"layout, and miscellaneous other things."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man8/intro.8:32
msgid "intro - introduction to administration and privileged commands"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man8/intro.8:37
msgid ""
"Section 8 of the manual describes commands which either can be or are used "
"only by the superuser, like system-administration commands, daemons, and "
"hardware-related commands."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man8/intro.8:44
msgid ""
"As with the commands in described Section 1, the commands described in this "
"section terminate with an exit status that indicates whether the command "
"succeeded or failed.  See B<intro>(1)  for more information."
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/libc.7:26
#, no-wrap
msgid "LIBC"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/libc.7:26
#, no-wrap
msgid "2014-04-20"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/libc.7:29
msgid "libc - overview of standard C libraries on Linux"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/libc.7:36
msgid ""
"The term \"libc\" is commonly used as a shorthand for the \"standard C "
"library\", a library of standard functions that can be used by all C "
"programs (and sometimes by programs in other languages).  Because of some "
"history (see below), use of the term \"libc\" to refer to the standard C "
"library is somewhat ambiguous on Linux."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/libc.7:36
#, no-wrap
msgid "glibc"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/libc.7:54
msgid ""
"By far the most widely used C library on Linux is the GNU C Library E<.UR "
"http://www.gnu.org\\:/software\\:/libc/> E<.UE ,> often referred to as "
"I<glibc>.  This is the C library that is nowadays used in all major Linux "
"distributions.  It is also the C library whose details are documented in the "
"relevant pages of the I<man-pages> project (primarily in Section 3 of the "
"manual).  Documentation of glibc is also available in the glibc manual, "
"available via the command I<info libc>.  Release 1.0 of glibc was made in "
"September 1992.  (There were earlier 0.x releases.)  The next major release "
"of glibc was 2.0, at the beginning of 1997."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/libc.7:61
msgid ""
"The pathname I</lib/libc.so.6> (or something similar) is normally a symbolic "
"link that points to the location of the glibc library, and executing this "
"pathname will cause glibc to display various information about the version "
"installed on your system."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/libc.7:61
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux libc"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/libc.7:84
msgid ""
"In the early to mid 1990s, there was for a while I<Linux libc>, a fork of "
"glibc 1.x created by Linux developers who felt that glibc development at the "
"time was not sufficing for the needs of Linux.  Often, this library was "
"referred to (ambiguously) as just \"libc\".  Linux libc released major "
"versions 2, 3, 4, and 5 (as well as many minor versions of those releases).  "
"For a while, Linux libc was the standard C library in many Linux "
"distributions.  However, notwithstanding the original motivations of the "
"Linux libc effort, by the time glibc 2.0 was released, it was clearly "
"superior to Linux libc, and all major Linux distributions that had been "
"using Linux libc soon switched back to glibc.  (Since this switch occurred "
"over a decade ago, I<man-pages> no longer takes care to document Linux libc "
"details.  Nevertheless, the history is visible in vestiges of information "
"about Linux libc that remain in some manual pages, in particular, references "
"to I<libc4> and I<libc5>.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/libc.7:84
#, no-wrap
msgid "Other C libraries"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/libc.7:104
msgid ""
"There are various other less widely used C libraries for Linux.  These "
"libraries are generally smaller than glibc, both in terms of features and "
"memory footprint, and often intended for building small binaries, perhaps "
"targeted at development for embedded Linux systems.  Among such libraries "
"are E<.UR http://www.uclibc.org/> I<uClibc> E<.UE> E<.UR "
"http://www.fefe.de/dietlibc/> I<dietlibc> E<.UE ,> and E<.UR "
"http://www.musl-libc.org/> I<musl libc> E<.UE .> Details of these libraries "
"are generally not covered by the I<man-pages> project."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/libc.7:112
msgid ""
"B<syscalls>(2), B<getauxval>(3), B<proc>(5), B<feature_test_macros>(7), "
"B<man-pages>(7), B<standards>(7), B<vdso>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:27
#, no-wrap
msgid "MAILADDR"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:27
#, no-wrap
msgid "2004-09-15"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:31
msgid "mailaddr - mail addressing description"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:36
msgid ""
"This manual page gives a brief introduction to SMTP mail addresses, as used "
"on the Internet.  These addresses are in the general format"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:38
msgid "  user@domain"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:41
msgid ""
"where a domain is a hierarchical dot-separated list of subdomains.  These "
"examples are valid forms of the same address:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:43
msgid "  eric@monet.berkeley.edu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:45
msgid "  Eric Allman E<lt>eric@monet.berkeley.eduE<gt>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:47
#, no-wrap
msgid "        eric@monet.berkeley.edu (Eric Allman)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:51
msgid ""
"The domain part (\"monet.berkeley.edu\") is a mail-accepting domain.  It can "
"be a host and in the past it usually was, but it doesn't have to be.  The "
"domain part is not case sensitive."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:59
msgid ""
"The local part (\"eric\") is often a username, but its meaning is defined by "
"the local software.  Sometimes it is case sensitive, although that is "
"unusual.  If you see a local-part that looks like garbage, it is usually "
"because of a gateway between an internal e-mail system and the net, here are "
"some examples:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:61
msgid "  \"surname/admd=telemail/c=us/o=hp/prmd=hp\"@some.where"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:63
msgid "  USER%SOMETHING@some.where"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:65
msgid "  machine!machine!name@some.where"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:67
msgid "  I2461572@some.where"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:71
msgid ""
"(These are, respectively, an X.400 gateway, a gateway to an arbitrary "
"internal mail system that lacks proper internet support, an UUCP gateway, "
"and the last one is just boring username policy.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:77
msgid ""
"The real-name part (\"Eric Allman\") can either be placed before E<lt>E<gt>, "
"or in () at the end.  (Strictly speaking the two aren't the same, but the "
"difference is beyond the scope of this page.)  The name may have to be "
"quoted using \"\", for example, if it contains \".\":"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:79
msgid "  \"Eric P. Allman\" E<lt>eric@monet.berkeley.eduE<gt>"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:79
#, no-wrap
msgid "Abbreviation."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:87
msgid ""
"Many mail systems let users abbreviate the domain name.  For instance, users "
"at berkeley.edu may get away with \"eric@monet\" to send mail to Eric "
"Allman.  I<This behavior is deprecated.> Sometimes it works, but you should "
"not depend on it."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:87
#, no-wrap
msgid "Route-addrs."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:94
msgid ""
"In the past, sometimes one had to route a message through several hosts to "
"get it to its final destination.  Addresses which show these relays are "
"termed \"route-addrs\".  These use the syntax:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:96
msgid "  E<lt>@hosta,@hostb:user@hostcE<gt>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:101
msgid ""
"This specifies that the message should be sent to hosta, from there to "
"hostb, and finally to hostc.  Many hosts disregard route-addrs and send "
"directly to hostc."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:107
msgid ""
"Route-addrs are very unusual now.  They occur sometimes in old mail "
"archives.  It is generally possible to ignore all but the \"user@hostc\" "
"part of the address to determine the actual address."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:107
#, no-wrap
msgid "Postmaster."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:113
msgid ""
"Every site is required to have a user or user alias designated "
"\"postmaster\" to which problems with the mail system may be addressed.  The "
"\"postmaster\" address is not case sensitive."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:115
msgid "I</etc/aliases>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:117
msgid "I<~/.forward>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:125
msgid ""
"B<binmail>(1), B<mail>(1), B<mconnect>(1), B<aliases>(5), B<forward>(5), "
"B<sendmail>(8), B<vrfy>(8)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:127
msgid "RFC\\ 2822 (Internet Message Format)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:30
#, no-wrap
msgid "MAN-PAGES"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:30
#, no-wrap
msgid "2014-03-16"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:33
msgid "man-pages - conventions for writing Linux man pages"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:37 build/C/man7/man.7:49
msgid "B<man> [I<section>] I<title>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:47
msgid ""
"This page describes the conventions that should be employed when writing man "
"pages for the Linux I<man-pages> project, which documents the user-space API "
"provided by the Linux kernel and the GNU C library.  The project thus "
"provides most of the pages in Section 2, as well as many of the pages that "
"appear in Sections 3, 4, 5, and 7 of the man pages on a Linux system.  The "
"conventions described on this page may also be useful for authors writing "
"man pages for other projects."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:47
#, no-wrap
msgid "Sections of the manual pages"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:50
msgid "The manual Sections are traditionally defined as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:50
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<1 Commands (Programs)>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:54
msgid "Those commands that can be executed by the user from within a shell."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:54
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<2 System calls>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:57
msgid "Those functions which must be performed by the kernel."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:57
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<3 Library calls>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:62
msgid "Most of the I<libc> functions."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:62
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<4 Special files (devices)>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:66
msgid "Files found in I</dev>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:66
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<5 File formats and conventions>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:71
msgid "The format for I</etc/passwd> and other human-readable files."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:71
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<6 Games>"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:73
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<7 Overview, conventions, and miscellaneous>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:77
msgid ""
"Overviews of various topics, conventions and protocols, character set "
"standards, and miscellaneous other things."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:77
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<8 System management commands>"
msgstr ""

#.  .TP
#.  .B 9 Kernel routines
#.  This is an obsolete manual section.
#.  Once it was thought a good idea to document the Linux kernel here,
#.  but in fact very little has been documented, and the documentation
#.  that exists is outdated already.
#.  There are better sources of
#.  information for kernel developers.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:90
msgid "Commands like B<mount>(8), many of which only root can execute."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:90
#, no-wrap
msgid "Macro package"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:97
msgid ""
"New manual pages should be marked up using the B<groff an.tmac> package "
"described in B<man>(7).  This choice is mainly for consistency: the vast "
"majority of existing Linux manual pages are marked up using these macros."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:97
#, no-wrap
msgid "Conventions for source file layout"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:102
msgid ""
"Please limit source code line length to no more than about 75 characters "
"wherever possible.  This helps avoid line-wrapping in some mail clients when "
"patches are submitted inline."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:106
msgid ""
"New sentences should be started on new lines.  This makes it easier to see "
"the effect of patches, which often operate at the level of individual "
"sentences."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:106 build/C/man7/man.7:78
#, no-wrap
msgid "Title line"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:110
msgid "The first command in a man page should be a B<TH> command:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:114 build/C/man7/man.7:85
msgid "B<\\&.TH> I<title section date source manual>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:117
msgid "where:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:118
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<title>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:122
msgid "The title of the man page, written in all caps (e.g., I<MAN-PAGES>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:122
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<section>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:126
msgid "The section number in which the man page should be placed (e.g., I<7>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:126
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<date>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:131
msgid ""
"The date of the last revision\\(emremember to change this every time a "
"nontrivial change is made to the man page.  Dates should be written in the "
"form YYYY-MM-DD."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:131
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<source>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:134
msgid "The source of the command, function, or system call."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:138
msgid ""
"For those few I<man-pages> pages in Sections 1 and 8, probably you just want "
"to write I<GNU>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:146
msgid ""
"For system calls, just write I<Linux>.  (An earlier practice was to write "
"the version number of the kernel from which the manual page was being "
"written/checked.  However, this was never done consistently, and so was "
"probably worse than including no version number.  Henceforth, avoid "
"including a version number.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:151
msgid ""
"For library calls that are part of glibc or one of the other common GNU "
"libraries, just use I<GNU C Library>, I<GNU>, or an empty string."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:154
msgid "For Section 4 pages, use I<Linux>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:157
msgid "In cases of doubt, just write I<Linux>, or I<GNU>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:157
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<manual>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:162
msgid ""
"The title of the manual (e.g., for Section 2 and 3 pages in the I<man-pages> "
"package, use I<Linux Programmer's Manual>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:163
#, no-wrap
msgid "Sections within a manual page"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:170
msgid ""
"The list below shows conventional or suggested sections.  Most manual pages "
"should include at least the B<highlighted> sections.  Arrange a new manual "
"page so that sections are placed in the order shown in the list."
msgstr ""

#.  May 07: Few current man pages have an ERROR HANDLING section,,,
#.  ERROR HANDLING,
#.  May 07: Almost no current man pages have a USAGE section,,,
#.  USAGE,
#.  DIAGNOSTICS,
#.  May 07: Almost no current man pages have a SECURITY section,,,
#.  SECURITY,
#.  AUTHORS sections are discouraged
#.  AUTHORS             [Discouraged]
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:199
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<NAME>\n"
"B<SYNOPSIS>\n"
"CONFIGURATION      [Normally only in Section 4]\n"
"B<DESCRIPTION>\n"
"OPTIONS            [Normally only in Sections 1, 8]\n"
"EXIT STATUS        [Normally only in Sections 1, 8]\n"
"RETURN VALUE       [Normally only in Sections 2, 3]\n"
"ERRORS             [Typically only in Sections 2, 3]\n"
"ENVIRONMENT\n"
"FILES\n"
"VERSIONS           [Normally only in Sections 2, 3]\n"
"ATTRIBUTES         [Normally only in Sections 2, 3]\n"
"CONFORMING TO\n"
"NOTES\n"
"BUGS\n"
"EXAMPLE\n"
"B<SEE ALSO>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:210
msgid ""
"I<Where a traditional heading would apply>, I<please use it>; this kind of "
"consistency can make the information easier to understand.  If you must, you "
"can create your own headings if they make things easier to understand (this "
"can be especially useful for pages in Sections 4 and 5).  However, before "
"doing this, consider whether you could use the traditional headings, with "
"some subsections (I<.SS>) within those sections."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:213
msgid "The following list elaborates on the contents of each of the above sections."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:213
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<NAME>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:224
msgid ""
"The name of this manual page.  See B<man>(7)  for important details of the "
"line(s) that should follow the B<.SH NAME> command.  All words in this line "
"(including the word immediately following the \"\\e-\") should be in "
"lowercase, except where English or technical terminological convention "
"dictates otherwise."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:224
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<SYNOPSIS>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:236
msgid ""
"briefly describes the command or function's interface.  For commands, this "
"shows the syntax of the command and its arguments (including options); "
"boldface is used for as-is text and italics are used to indicate replaceable "
"arguments.  Brackets ([]) surround optional arguments, vertical bars (|)  "
"separate choices, and ellipses (\\&...) can be repeated.  For functions, it "
"shows any required data declarations or B<#include> directives, followed by "
"the function declaration."
msgstr ""

#.  FIXME . Say something here about compiler options
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:242
msgid ""
"Where a feature test macro must be defined in order to obtain the "
"declaration of a function (or a variable) from a header file, then the "
"SYNOPSIS should indicate this, as described in B<feature_test_macros>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:242
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CONFIGURATION>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:246
msgid ""
"Configuration details for a device.  This section normally appears only in "
"Section 4 pages."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:246
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<DESCRIPTION>"
msgstr ""

#.  If there is some kind of input grammar or complex set of subcommands,
#.  consider describing them in a separate
#.  .B USAGE
#.  section (and just place an overview in the
#.  .B DESCRIPTION
#.  section).
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:263
msgid ""
"gives an explanation of what the program, function, or format does.  Discuss "
"how it interacts with files and standard input, and what it produces on "
"standard output or standard error.  Omit internals and implementation "
"details unless they're critical for understanding the interface.  Describe "
"the usual case; for information on command-line options of a program use the "
"B<OPTIONS> section."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:271
msgid ""
"When describing new behavior or new flags for a system call or library "
"function, be careful to note the kernel or C library version that introduced "
"the change.  The preferred method of noting this information for flags is as "
"part of a B<.TP> list, in the following form (here, for a new system call "
"flag):"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:272
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<XYZ_FLAG> (since Linux 3.7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:275
msgid "Description of flag..."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:280
msgid ""
"Including version information is especially useful to users who are "
"constrained to using older kernel or C library versions (which is typical in "
"embedded systems, for example)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:280
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<OPTIONS>"
msgstr ""

#.  .TP
#.  .B USAGE
#.  describes the grammar of any sublanguage this implements.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:288
msgid ""
"describes the command-line options accepted by a program and how they change "
"its behavior.  This section should appear only for Section 1 and 8 manual "
"pages."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:288
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EXIT STATUS>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:293
msgid ""
"lists the possible exit status values of a program and the conditions that "
"cause these values to be returned.  This section should appear only for "
"Section 1 and 8 manual pages."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:293
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<RETURN VALUE>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:298
msgid ""
"For Section 2 and 3 pages, this section gives a list of the values the "
"library routine will return to the caller and the conditions that cause "
"these values to be returned."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:298
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ERRORS>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:306
msgid ""
"For Section 2 and 3 manual pages, this is a list of the values that may be "
"placed in I<errno> in the event of an error, along with information about "
"the cause of the errors.  I<The error list should be in alphabetical order>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:306
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENVIRONMENT>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:310
msgid ""
"lists all environment variables that affect the program or function and how "
"they affect it."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:310
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<FILES>"
msgstr ""

#.  May 07: Almost no current man pages have a DIAGNOSTICS section;
#.          "RETURN VALUE" or "EXIT STATUS" is preferred.
#.  .TP
#.  .B DIAGNOSTICS
#.  gives an overview of the most common error messages and how to
#.  cope with them.
#.  You don't need to explain system error messages
#.  or fatal signals that can appear during execution of any program
#.  unless they're special in some way to the program.
#
#.  May 07: Almost no current man pages have a SECURITY section.
#. .TP
#. .B SECURITY
#. discusses security issues and implications.
#. Warn about configurations or environments that should be avoided,
#. commands that may have security implications, and so on, especially
#. if they aren't obvious.
#. Discussing security in a separate section isn't necessary;
#. if it's easier to understand, place security information in the
#. other sections (such as the
#.  .B DESCRIPTION
#.  or
#.  .B USAGE
#.  section).
#.  However, please include security information somewhere!
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:347
msgid ""
"lists the files the program or function uses, such as configuration files, "
"startup files, and files the program directly operates on.  Give the full "
"pathname of these files, and use the installation process to modify the "
"directory part to match user preferences.  For many programs, the default "
"installation location is in I</usr/local>, so your base manual page should "
"use I</usr/local> as the base."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:347
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ATTRIBUTES>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:352
msgid ""
"A summary of various attributes of the function(s) documented on this page, "
"broken into subsections.  The following subsections are defined:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:354
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Multithreading (see pthreads(7))>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:357
msgid "This subsection notes attributes relating to multithreaded applications:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:360
msgid "Whether the function is thread-safe."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:362
msgid "Whether the function is a cancellation point."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:364
msgid "Whether the function is async-cancel-safe."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:368
msgid "Details of these attributes can be found in B<pthreads>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:369
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<VERSIONS>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:386
msgid ""
"A brief summary of the Linux kernel or glibc versions where a system call or "
"library function appeared, or changed significantly in its operation.  As a "
"general rule, every new interface should include a VERSIONS section in its "
"manual page.  Unfortunately, many existing manual pages don't include this "
"information (since there was no policy to do so when they were written).  "
"Patches to remedy this are welcome, but, from the perspective of programmers "
"writing new code, this information probably matters only in the case of "
"kernel interfaces that have been added in Linux 2.4 or later (i.e., changes "
"since kernel 2.2), and library functions that have been added to glibc since "
"version 2.1 (i.e., changes since glibc 2.0)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:391
msgid ""
"The B<syscalls>(2)  manual page also provides information about kernel "
"versions in which various system calls first appeared."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:391
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CONFORMING TO>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:408
msgid ""
"describes any standards or conventions that relate to the function or "
"command described by the manual page.  The preferred terms to use for the "
"various standards are listed as headings in B<standards>(7).  For a page in "
"Section 2 or 3, this section should note the POSIX.1 version(s) that the "
"call conforms to, and also whether the call is specified in C99.  (Don't "
"worry too much about other standards like SUS, SUSv2, and XPG, or the SVr4 "
"and 4.xBSD implementation standards, unless the call was specified in those "
"standards, but isn't in the current version of POSIX.1.)  (See "
"B<standards>(7).)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:412
msgid ""
"If the call is not governed by any standards but commonly exists on other "
"systems, note them.  If the call is Linux-specific, note this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:416
msgid ""
"If this section consists of just a list of standards (which it commonly "
"does), terminate the list with a period (\\(aq.\\(aq)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:416
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<NOTES>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:421
msgid ""
"provides miscellaneous notes.  For Section 2 and 3 man pages you may find it "
"useful to include subsections (B<SS>) named I<Linux Notes> and I<Glibc "
"Notes>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:421
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<BUGS>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:425
msgid ""
"lists limitations, known defects or inconveniences, and other questionable "
"activities."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:425
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EXAMPLE>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:431
msgid ""
"provides one or more examples describing how this function, file or command "
"is used.  For details on writing example programs, see I<Example Programs> "
"below."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:431
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AUTHORS>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:441
msgid ""
"lists authors of the documentation or program.  B<Use of an AUTHORS section "
"is strongly discouraged>.  Generally, it is better not to clutter every page "
"with a list of (over time potentially numerous) authors; if you write or "
"significantly amend a page, add a copyright notice as a comment in the "
"source file.  If you are the author of a device driver and want to include "
"an address for reporting bugs, place this under the BUGS section."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:441
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<SEE ALSO>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:448
msgid ""
"provides a comma-separated list of related man pages, ordered by section "
"number and then alphabetically by name, possibly followed by other related "
"pages or documents.  Do not terminate this with a period."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:459
msgid ""
"Where the SEE ALSO list contains many long manual page names, to improve the "
"visual result of the output, it may be useful to employ the I<.ad l> (don't "
"right justify)  and I<.nh> (don't hyphenate)  directives.  Hyphenation of "
"individual page names can be prevented by preceding words with the string "
"\"\\e%\"."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:459
#, no-wrap
msgid "STYLE GUIDE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:466
msgid ""
"The following subsections describe the preferred style for the I<man-pages> "
"project.  For details not covered below, the Chicago Manual of Style is "
"usually a good source; try also grepping for preexisting usage in the "
"project source tree."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:466
#, no-wrap
msgid "Use of gender-neutral language"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:471
msgid ""
"As far as possible, use gender-neutral language in the text of man pages.  "
"Use of \"they\" (\"them\", \"themself\", \"their\") as a gender-neutral "
"singular pronoun is acceptable."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:471
#, no-wrap
msgid "Font conventions"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:476
msgid ""
"For functions, the arguments are always specified using italics, I<even in "
"the SYNOPSIS section>, where the rest of the function is specified in bold:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:478
msgid "B< int myfunction(int >I<argc>B<, char **>I<argv>B<);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:480
msgid "Variable names should, like argument names, be specified in italics."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:490
msgid ""
"Filenames (whether pathnames, or references to header files)  are always in "
"italics (e.g., I<E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>>), except in the SYNOPSIS section, where "
"included files are in bold (e.g., B<#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>>).  When "
"referring to a standard header file include, specify the header file "
"surrounded by angle brackets, in the usual C way (e.g., "
"I<E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:494
msgid ""
"Special macros, which are usually in uppercase, are in bold (e.g., "
"B<MAXINT>).  Exception: don't boldface NULL."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:499
msgid ""
"When enumerating a list of error codes, the codes are in bold (this list "
"usually uses the B<\\&.TP> macro)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:503
msgid ""
"Complete commands should, if long, be written as an indented line on their "
"own, with a blank line before and after the command, for example"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:507
#, no-wrap
msgid "man 7 man-pages\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:517
msgid ""
"If the command is short, then it can be included inline in the text, in "
"italic format, for example, I<man 7 man-pages>.  In this case, it may be "
"worth using nonbreaking spaces (\"\\e\\ \") at suitable places in the "
"command.  Command options should be written in italics (e.g., I<-l>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:522
msgid ""
"Expressions, if not written on a separate indented line, should be specified "
"in italics.  Again, the use of nonbreaking spaces may be appropriate if the "
"expression is inlined with normal text."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:533
msgid ""
"Any reference to the subject of the current manual page should be written "
"with the name in bold.  If the subject is a function (i.e., this is a "
"Section 2 or 3 page), then the name should be followed by a pair of "
"parentheses in Roman (normal) font.  For example, in the B<fcntl>(2)  man "
"page, references to the subject of the page would be written as: "
"B<fcntl>().  The preferred way to write this in the source file is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:536
#, no-wrap
msgid "    .BR fcntl ()\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:540
msgid ""
"(Using this format, rather than the use of \"\\efB...\\efP()\" makes it "
"easier to write tools that parse man page source files.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:549
msgid ""
"Any reference to another man page should be written with the name in bold, "
"I<always> followed by the section number, formatted in Roman (normal) font, "
"without any separating spaces (e.g., B<intro>(2)).  The preferred way to "
"write this in the source file is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:552
#, no-wrap
msgid "    .BR intro (2)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:557
msgid ""
"(Including the section number in cross references lets tools like "
"B<man2html>(1)  create properly hyperlinked pages.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:561
msgid ""
"Control characters should be written in bold face, with no quotes; for "
"example, B<^X>."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:561
#, no-wrap
msgid "Spelling"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:567
msgid ""
"Starting with release 2.59, I<man-pages> follows American spelling "
"conventions (previously, there was a random mix of British and American "
"spellings); please write all new pages and patches according to these "
"conventions."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:570
msgid ""
"Aside from the well-known spelling differences, there are a few other "
"subtleties to watch for:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:574
msgid ""
"American English tends to use the forms \"backward\", \"upward\", "
"\"toward\", and so on rather than the British forms \"backwards\", "
"\"upwards\", \"towards\", and so on."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:574
#, no-wrap
msgid "BSD version numbers"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:582
msgid ""
"The classical scheme for writing BSD version numbers is I<x.yBSD>, where "
"I<x.y> is the version number (e.g., 4.2BSD).  Avoid forms such as I<BSD "
"4.3>."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:582
#, no-wrap
msgid "Capitalization"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:588
msgid ""
"In subsection (\"SS\") headings, capitalize the first word in the heading, "
"but otherwise use lowercase, except where English usage (e.g., proper nouns) "
"or programming language requirements (e.g., identifier names) dictate "
"otherwise.  For example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:590
msgid ".SS Unicode under Linux"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:591
#, no-wrap
msgid "Indentation of structure definitions, shell session logs, and so on"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:597
msgid ""
"When structure definitions, shell session logs, and so on are included in "
"running text, indent them by 4 spaces (i.e., a block enclosed by I<.in\\ "
"+4n> and I<.in>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:597
#, no-wrap
msgid "Preferred terms"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:600
msgid ""
"The following table lists some preferred terms to use in man pages, mainly "
"to ensure consistency across pages."
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:604
#, no-wrap
msgid "Term\tAvoid using\tNotes\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:606
#, no-wrap
msgid "bit mask\tbitmask\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:607
#, no-wrap
msgid "built-in\tbuiltin\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:608
#, no-wrap
msgid "Epoch\tepoch\tT{\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:609
#, no-wrap
msgid "For the UNIX Epoch (00:00:00, 1 Jan 1970 UTC)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:610 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:621 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:625 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:630 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:634 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:640 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:644 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:669 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:672 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:675
#, no-wrap
msgid "T}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:611
#, no-wrap
msgid "filename\tfile name\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:612
#, no-wrap
msgid "filesystem\tfile system\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:613
#, no-wrap
msgid "hostname\thost name\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:614
#, no-wrap
msgid "inode\ti-node\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:615
#, no-wrap
msgid "lowercase\tlower case, lower-case\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:616
#, no-wrap
msgid "pathname\tpath name\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:617
#, no-wrap
msgid "pseudoterminal\tpseudo-terminal\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:618
#, no-wrap
msgid "privileged port\tT{\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:619
#, no-wrap
msgid "reserved port,\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:620
#, no-wrap
msgid "system port\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:622
#, no-wrap
msgid "real-time\tT{\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:623
#, no-wrap
msgid "realtime,\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:624
#, no-wrap
msgid "real time\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:626
#, no-wrap
msgid "run time\truntime\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:627
#, no-wrap
msgid "saved set-group-ID\tT{\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:628
#, no-wrap
msgid "saved group ID,\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:629
#, no-wrap
msgid "saved set-GID\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:631
#, no-wrap
msgid "saved set-user-ID\tT{\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:632
#, no-wrap
msgid "saved user ID,\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:633
#, no-wrap
msgid "saved set-UID\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:635
#, no-wrap
msgid "set-group-ID\tset-GID, setgid\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:636
#, no-wrap
msgid "set-user-ID\tset-UID, setuid\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:637
#, no-wrap
msgid "superuser\tT{\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:638
#, no-wrap
msgid "super user,\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:639
#, no-wrap
msgid "super-user\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:641
#, no-wrap
msgid "superblock\tT{\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:642
#, no-wrap
msgid "super block,\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:643
#, no-wrap
msgid "super-block\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:645
#, no-wrap
msgid "timestamp\ttime stamp\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:646
#, no-wrap
msgid "timezone\ttime zone\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:647
#, no-wrap
msgid "uppercase\tupper case, upper-case\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:648
#, no-wrap
msgid "usable\tuseable\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:649
#, no-wrap
msgid "user space\tuserspace\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:650
#, no-wrap
msgid "username\tuser name\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:651
#, no-wrap
msgid "zeros\tzeroes\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:657
msgid "See also the discussion I<Hyphenation of attributive compounds> below."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:657
#, no-wrap
msgid "Terms to avoid"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:661
msgid ""
"The following table lists some terms to avoid using in man pages, along with "
"some suggested alternatives, mainly to ensure consistency across pages."
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:665
#, no-wrap
msgid "Avoid\tUse instead\tNotes\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:667
#, no-wrap
msgid "32bit\t32-bit\tT{\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:668
#, no-wrap
msgid "same for 8-bit, 16-bit, etc.\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:670
#, no-wrap
msgid "current process\tcalling process\tT{\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:671
#, no-wrap
msgid "A common mistake made by kernel programmers when writing man pages\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:673
#, no-wrap
msgid "manpage\tT{\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:674
#, no-wrap
msgid "man page, manual page\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:676
#, no-wrap
msgid "minus infinity\tnegative infinity\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:677
#, no-wrap
msgid "non-root\tunprivileged user\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:678
#, no-wrap
msgid "non-superuser\tunprivileged user\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:679
#, no-wrap
msgid "nonprivileged\tunprivileged\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:680
#, no-wrap
msgid "OS\toperating system\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:681
#, no-wrap
msgid "plus infinity\tpositive infinity\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:682
#, no-wrap
msgid "pty\tpseudoterminal\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:683
#, no-wrap
msgid "tty\tterminal\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:684
#, no-wrap
msgid "Unices\tUNIX systems\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:685
#, no-wrap
msgid "Unixes\tUNIX systems\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:687
#, no-wrap
msgid "Trademarks"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:691
msgid ""
"Use the correct spelling and case for trademarks.  The following is a list "
"of the correct spellings of various relevant trademarks that are sometimes "
"misspelled:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:696
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"     DG/UX\n"
"     HP-UX\n"
"     UNIX\n"
"     UnixWare\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:696
#, no-wrap
msgid "NULL, NUL, null pointer, and null character"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:708
msgid ""
"A I<null pointer> is a pointer that points to nothing, and is normally "
"indicated by the constant I<NULL>.  On the other hand, I<NUL> is the I<null "
"byte>, a byte with the value 0, represented in C via the character constant "
"I<\\(aq\\e0\\(aq>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:711
msgid ""
"The preferred term for the pointer is \"null pointer\" or simply \"NULL\"; "
"avoid writing \"NULL pointer\"."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:719
msgid ""
"The preferred term for the byte is \"null byte\".  Avoid writing \"NUL\", "
"since it is too easily confused with \"NULL\".  Avoid also the terms \"zero "
"byte\" and \"null character\".  The byte that terminates a C string should "
"be described as \"the terminating null byte\"; strings may be described as "
"\"null-terminated\", but avoid the use of \"NUL-terminated\"."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:719
#, no-wrap
msgid "Hyperlinks"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:727
msgid ""
"For hyperlinks, use the I<.UR>/I<.UE> macro pair (see B<groff_man>(7)).  "
"This produces proper hyperlinks that can be used in a web browser, when "
"rendering a page with, say:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:729
#, no-wrap
msgid "     BROWSER=firefox man -H pagename\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:729
#, no-wrap
msgid "Use of e.g., i.e., etc., a.k.a., and similar"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:733
msgid ""
"In general, the use of abbreviations such as \"e.g.\", \"i.e.\", \"etc.\", "
"\"a.k.a.\" should be avoided, in favor of suitable full wordings (\"for "
"example\", \"that is\", \"and so on\", \"also known as\")."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:737
msgid ""
"The only place where such abbreviations may be acceptable is in I<short> "
"parenthetical asides (e.g., like this one)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:740
msgid ""
"Always include periods in such abbreviations, as shown here.  In addition, "
"\"e.g.\" and \"i.e.\" should always be followed by a comma."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:740
#, no-wrap
msgid "Em-dashes"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:748
msgid ""
"The way to write an em-dash\\(emthe glyph that appears at either end of this "
"subphrase\\(emin *roff is with the macro \"\\e(em\".  (On an ASCII terminal, "
"an em-dash typically renders as two hyphens, but in other typographical "
"contexts it renders as a long dash.)  Em-dashes should be written I<without> "
"surrounding spaces."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:748
#, no-wrap
msgid "Hyphenation of attributive compounds"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:751
msgid ""
"Compound terms should be hyphenated when used attributively (i.e., to "
"qualify a following noun). Some examples:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:758
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    32-bit value\n"
"    command-line argument\n"
"    floating-point number\n"
"    run-time check\n"
"    user-space function\n"
"    wide-character string\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:758
#, no-wrap
msgid "Hyphenation with multi, non, pre, re, sub, and so on"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:764
msgid ""
"The general tendency in modern English is not to hyphenate after prefixes "
"such as \"multi\", \"non\", \"pre\", \"re\", \"sub\", and so on.  Manual "
"pages should generally follow this rule when these prefixes are used in "
"natural English constructions with simple suffixes.  The following list "
"gives some examples of the preferred forms:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:785
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    interprocess\n"
"    multithreaded\n"
"    multiprocess\n"
"    nonblocking\n"
"    nondefault\n"
"    nonempty\n"
"    noninteractive\n"
"    nonnegative\n"
"    nonportable\n"
"    nonzero\n"
"    preallocated\n"
"    precreate\n"
"    prerecorded\n"
"    reestablished\n"
"    reinitialize\n"
"    rearm\n"
"    reread\n"
"    subcomponent\n"
"    subdirectory\n"
"    subsystem\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:789
msgid ""
"Hyphens should be retained when the prefixes are used in nonstandard English "
"words, with trademarks, proper nouns, acronyms, or compound terms.  Some "
"examples:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:794
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    non-ASCII\n"
"    non-English\n"
"    non-NULL\n"
"    non-real-time\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:797
msgid ""
"Finally, note that \"re-create\" and \"recreate\" are two different verbs, "
"and the former is probably what you want."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:797
#, no-wrap
msgid "Real minus character"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:802
msgid ""
"Where a real minus character is required (e.g., for numbers such as -1, or "
"when writing options that have a leading dash, such as in I<ls\\ -l>), use "
"the following form in the man page source:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:804
#, no-wrap
msgid "    \\e-\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:806
msgid "This guideline applies also to code examples."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:806
#, no-wrap
msgid "Character constants"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:809
msgid ""
"To produce single quotes that render well in both ASCII and UTF-8, use the "
"following form for character constants in the man page source:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:811
#, no-wrap
msgid "    \\e(aqC\\e(aq\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:816
msgid ""
"where I<C> is the quoted character.  This guideline applies also to "
"character constants used in code examples."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:816
#, no-wrap
msgid "Example programs and shell sessions"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:820
msgid ""
"Manual pages may include example programs demonstrating how to use a system "
"call or library function.  However, note the following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:822
msgid "Example programs should be written in C."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:828
msgid ""
"An example program is necessary and useful only if it demonstrates something "
"beyond what can easily be provided in a textual description of the "
"interface.  An example program that does nothing other than call an "
"interface usually serves little purpose."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:831
msgid ""
"Example programs should be fairly short (preferably less than 100 lines; "
"ideally less than 50 lines)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:834
msgid ""
"Example programs should do error checking after system calls and library "
"function calls."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:837
msgid ""
"Example programs should be complete, and compile without warnings when "
"compiled with I<cc\\ -Wall>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:842
msgid ""
"Where possible and appropriate, example programs should allow "
"experimentation, by varying their behavior based on inputs (ideally from "
"command-line arguments, or alternatively, via input read by the program)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:846
msgid ""
"Example programs should be laid out according to Kernighan and Ritchie "
"style, with 4-space indents.  (Avoid the use of TAB characters in source "
"code!)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:848
msgid "For consistency, all example programs should terminate using either of:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:851
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"     exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:853
msgid "Avoid using the following forms to terminate a program:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:857
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    exit(0);\n"
"    exit(1);\n"
"    return n;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:863
msgid ""
"If there is extensive explanatory text before the program source code, mark "
"off the source code with a susbsection heading I<Program source>, as in:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:865
msgid ".SS Program source"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:867
msgid "Always do this if the explanatory text includes a shell session log."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:870
msgid ""
"If you include a shell session log demonstrating the use of a program or "
"other system feature:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:872
msgid "Place the session log above the source code listing"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:874
msgid "Indent the session log by four spaces."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:877
msgid ""
"Boldface the user input text, to distinguish it from output produced by the "
"system."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:882
msgid ""
"For some examples of what example programs should look like, see B<wait>(2)  "
"and B<pipe>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:889
msgid ""
"For canonical examples of how man pages in the I<man-pages> package should "
"look, see B<pipe>(2)  and B<fcntl>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:896
msgid ""
"B<man>(1), B<man2html>(1), B<groff>(7), B<groff_man>(7), B<man>(7), "
"B<mdoc>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/man.7:34
#, no-wrap
msgid "MAN"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/man.7:34 build/C/man7/units.7:26
#, no-wrap
msgid "2012-08-05"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:37
msgid "man - macros to format man pages"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:41
msgid "B<groff -Tascii -man> I<file> \\&..."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:45
msgid "B<groff -Tps -man> I<file> \\&..."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:62
msgid ""
"This manual page explains the B<groff an.tmac> macro package (often called "
"the B<man> macro package).  This macro package should be used by developers "
"when writing or porting man pages for Linux.  It is fairly compatible with "
"other versions of this macro package, so porting man pages should not be a "
"major problem (exceptions include the NET-2 BSD release, which uses a "
"totally different macro package called mdoc; see B<mdoc>(7))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:74
msgid ""
"Note that NET-2 BSD mdoc man pages can be used with B<groff> simply by "
"specifying the B<-mdoc> option instead of the B<-man> option.  Using the "
"B<-mandoc> option is, however, recommended, since this will automatically "
"detect which macro package is in use."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:78
msgid ""
"For conventions that should be employed when writing man pages for the Linux "
"I<man-pages> package, see B<man-pages>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:81
msgid ""
"The first command in a man page (after comment lines, that is, lines that "
"start with B<.\\e\">) should be"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:91
msgid ""
"For details of the arguments that should be supplied to the B<TH> command, "
"see B<man-pages>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:97
msgid ""
"Note that BSD mdoc-formatted pages begin with the B<Dd> command, not the "
"B<TH> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man.7:97
#, no-wrap
msgid "Sections"
msgstr ""

#.  The following doesn't seem to be required (see Debian bug 411303),
#.  If the name contains spaces and appears
#.  on the same line as
#.  .BR \&.SH ,
#.  then place the heading in double quotes.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:106
msgid "Sections are started with B<\\&.SH> followed by the heading name."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:109
msgid ""
"The only mandatory heading is NAME, which should be the first section and be "
"followed on the next line by a one-line description of the program:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:112
msgid "\\&.SH NAME"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:114
msgid "item \\e- description"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:128
msgid ""
"It is extremely important that this format is followed, and that there is a "
"backslash before the single dash which follows the item name.  This syntax "
"is used by the B<mandb>(8)  program to create a database of short "
"descriptions for the B<whatis>(1)  and B<apropos>(1)  commands.  (See "
"B<lexgrog>(1)  for further details on the syntax of the NAME section.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:131
msgid ""
"For a list of other sections that might appear in a manual page, see "
"B<man-pages>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man.7:131
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fonts"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:133
msgid "The commands to select the type face are:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:133
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<\\&.B>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:136
msgid "Bold"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:136
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<\\&.BI>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:140
msgid ""
"Bold alternating with italics (especially useful for function "
"specifications)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:140
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<\\&.BR>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:145
msgid ""
"Bold alternating with Roman (especially useful for referring to other manual "
"pages)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:145
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<\\&.I>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:148
msgid "Italics"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:148
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<\\&.IB>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:151
msgid "Italics alternating with bold"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:151
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<\\&.IR>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:154
msgid "Italics alternating with Roman"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:154
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<\\&.RB>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:157
msgid "Roman alternating with bold"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:157
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<\\&.RI>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:160
msgid "Roman alternating with italics"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:160
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<\\&.SB>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:163
msgid "Small alternating with bold"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:163
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<\\&.SM>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:166
msgid "Small (useful for acronyms)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:179
msgid ""
"Traditionally, each command can have up to six arguments, but the GNU "
"implementation removes this limitation (you might still want to limit "
"yourself to 6 arguments for portability's sake).  Arguments are delimited by "
"spaces.  Double quotes can be used to specify an argument which contains "
"spaces.  All of the arguments will be printed next to each other without "
"intervening spaces, so that the B<\\&.BR> command can be used to specify a "
"word in bold followed by a mark of punctuation in Roman.  If no arguments "
"are given, the command is applied to the following line of text."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man.7:179
#, no-wrap
msgid "Other macros and strings"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:199
msgid ""
"Below are other relevant macros and predefined strings.  Unless noted "
"otherwise, all macros cause a break (end the current line of text).  Many of "
"these macros set or use the \"prevailing indent.\" The \"prevailing indent\" "
"value is set by any macro with the parameter I<i> below; macros may omit "
"I<i> in which case the current prevailing indent will be used.  As a result, "
"successive indented paragraphs can use the same indent without respecifying "
"the indent value.  A normal (nonindented) paragraph resets the prevailing "
"indent value to its default value (0.5 inches).  By default a given indent "
"is measured in ens; try to use ens or ems as units for indents, since these "
"will automatically adjust to font size changes.  The other key macro "
"definitions are:"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man.7:199
#, no-wrap
msgid "Normal paragraphs"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:200
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<\\&.LP>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:205 build/C/man7/man.7:210
msgid "Same as B<\\&.PP> (begin a new paragraph)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:205
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<\\&.P>"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:210
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<\\&.PP>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:213
msgid "Begin a new paragraph and reset prevailing indent."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man.7:213
#, no-wrap
msgid "Relative margin indent"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:214
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<\\&.RS>I< i>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:225
msgid ""
"Start relative margin indent: moves the left margin I<i> to the right (if "
"I<i> is omitted, the prevailing indent value is used).  A new prevailing "
"indent is set to 0.5 inches.  As a result, all following paragraph(s) will "
"be indented until the corresponding B<\\&.RE>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:225
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<\\&.RE>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:229
msgid ""
"End relative margin indent and restores the previous value of the prevailing "
"indent."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man.7:229
#, no-wrap
msgid "Indented paragraph macros"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:230
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<\\&.HP>I< i>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:235
msgid ""
"Begin paragraph with a hanging indent (the first line of the paragraph is at "
"the left margin of normal paragraphs, and the rest of the paragraph's lines "
"are indented)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:235
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<\\&.IP>I< x i>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:256
msgid ""
"Indented paragraph with optional hanging tag.  If the tag I<x> is omitted, "
"the entire following paragraph is indented by I<i>.  If the tag I<x> is "
"provided, it is hung at the left margin before the following indented "
"paragraph (this is just like B<\\&.TP> except the tag is included with the "
"command instead of being on the following line).  If the tag is too long, "
"the text after the tag will be moved down to the next line (text will not be "
"lost or garbled).  For bulleted lists, use this macro with \\e(bu (bullet) "
"or \\e(em (em dash)  as the tag, and for numbered lists, use the number or "
"letter followed by a period as the tag; this simplifies translation to other "
"formats."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:256
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<\\&.TP>I< i>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:263
msgid ""
"Begin paragraph with hanging tag.  The tag is given on the next line, but "
"its results are like those of the B<\\&.IP> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man.7:263
#, no-wrap
msgid "Hypertext link macros"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:273
msgid ""
"(Feature supported with B<groff> only.)  In order to use hypertext link "
"macros, it is necessary to load the B<www.tmac> macro package.  Use the "
"request B<.mso www.tmac> to do this."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:273
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<\\&.URL>I< url link trailer>"
msgstr ""

#.  The following is a kludge to get a paragraph into the listing.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:286
msgid ""
"Inserts a hypertext link to the URI (URL)  I<url>, with I<link> as the text "
"of the link.  The I<trailer> will be printed immediately afterward.  When "
"generating HTML this should translate into the HTML command B<E<lt>A "
"HREF=\">I<url>B<\"E<gt>>I<link>B<E<lt>/AE<gt>>I<trailer>B<.>"
msgstr ""

#.  The following is a kludge to get a paragraph into the listing.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:293
msgid ""
"This and other related macros are new, and many tools won't do anything with "
"them, but since many tools (including troff) will simply ignore undefined "
"macros (or at worst insert their text) these are safe to insert."
msgstr ""

#.  The following is a kludge to get a paragraph into the listing.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:302
msgid ""
"It can be useful to define your own B<URL> macro in manual pages for the "
"benefit of those viewing it with a roff viewer other than B<groff>.  That "
"way, the URL, link text, and trailer text (if any) are still visible."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:305
msgid "Here's an example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:307
msgid "\\&.de URL"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:309
msgid "\\e\\e$2 \\e(laURL: \\e\\e$1 \\e(ra\\e\\e$3"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:311
msgid "\\&.."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:313
msgid "\\&.if \\en[.g] .mso www.tmac"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:316
msgid "\\&.TH I<...>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:318
msgid "I<(later in the page)>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:320
msgid "This software comes from the"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:322
msgid "\\&.URL \"http://www.gnu.org/\" \"GNU Project\" \" of the\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:324
msgid "\\&.URL \"http://www.fsf.org/\" \"Free Software Foundation\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:334
msgid ""
"In the above, if B<groff> is being used, the B<www.tmac> macro package's "
"definition of the URL macro will supersede the locally defined one."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:339
msgid ""
"A number of other link macros are available.  See B<groff_www>(7)  for more "
"details."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man.7:339
#, no-wrap
msgid "Miscellaneous macros"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:340
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<\\&.DT>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:344
msgid "Reset tabs to default tab values (every 0.5 inches); does not cause a break."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:344
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<\\&.PD>I< d>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:349
msgid ""
"Set inter-paragraph vertical distance to d (if omitted, d=0.4v); does not "
"cause a break."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:349
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<\\&.SS>I< t>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:356
msgid ""
"Subheading I<t> (like B<\\&.SH>, but used for a subsection inside a "
"section)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man.7:356
#, no-wrap
msgid "Predefined strings"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:360
msgid "The B<man> package has the following predefined strings:"
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:360
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\e*R"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:362
msgid "Registration Symbol: \\*R"
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:362
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\e*S"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:364
msgid "Change to default font size"
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:364
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\e*(Tm"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:366
msgid "Trademark Symbol: \\*(Tm"
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:366
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\e*(lq"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:368
msgid "Left angled double quote: ``"
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:368
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\e*(rq"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:370
msgid "Right angled double quote: ''"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/man.7:370
#, no-wrap
msgid "Safe subset"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:414
msgid ""
"Although technically B<man> is a troff macro package, in reality a large "
"number of other tools process man page files that don't implement all of "
"troff's abilities.  Thus, it's best to avoid some of troff's more exotic "
"abilities where possible to permit these other tools to work correctly.  "
"Avoid using the various troff preprocessors (if you must, go ahead and use "
"B<tbl>(1), but try to use the B<IP> and B<TP> commands instead for "
"two-column tables).  Avoid using computations; most other tools can't "
"process them.  Use simple commands that are easy to translate to other "
"formats.  The following troff macros are believed to be safe (though in many "
"cases they will be ignored by translators): B<\\e\">, B<.>, B<ad>, B<bp>, "
"B<br>, B<ce>, B<de>, B<ds>, B<el>, B<ie>, B<if>, B<fi>, B<ft>, B<hy>, B<ig>, "
"B<in>, B<na>, B<ne>, B<nf>, B<nh>, B<ps>, B<so>, B<sp>, B<ti>, B<tr>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:437
msgid ""
"You may also use many troff escape sequences (those sequences beginning with "
"\\e).  When you need to include the backslash character as normal text, use "
"\\ee.  Other sequences you may use, where x or xx are any characters and N "
"is any digit, include: B<\\e'>, B<\\e`>, B<\\e->, B<\\e.>, B<\\e\">, "
"B<\\e%>, B<\\e*x>, B<\\e*(xx>, B<\\e(xx>, B<\\e$N>, B<\\enx>, B<\\en(xx>, "
"B<\\efx>, and B<\\ef(xx>.  Avoid using the escape sequences for drawing "
"graphics."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:468
msgid ""
"Do not use the optional parameter for B<bp> (break page).  Use only positive "
"values for B<sp> (vertical space).  Don't define a macro (B<de>)  with the "
"same name as a macro in this or the mdoc macro package with a different "
"meaning; it's likely that such redefinitions will be ignored.  Every "
"positive indent (B<in>)  should be paired with a matching negative indent "
"(although you should be using the B<RS> and B<RE> macros instead).  The "
"condition test (B<if,ie>)  should only have \\(aqt\\(aq or \\(aqn\\(aq as "
"the condition.  Only translations (B<tr>)  that can be ignored should be "
"used.  Font changes (B<ft> and the B<\\ef> escape sequence)  should only "
"have the values 1, 2, 3, 4, R, I, B, P, or CW (the ft command may also have "
"no parameters)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:475
msgid ""
"If you use capabilities beyond these, check the results carefully on several "
"tools.  Once you've confirmed that the additional capability is safe, let "
"the maintainer of this document know about the safe command or sequence that "
"should be added to this list."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:477
msgid "I</usr/share/groff/>[*/]I<tmac/an.tmac>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:479
msgid "I</usr/man/whatis>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:493
msgid ""
"By all means include full URLs (or URIs) in the text itself; some tools such "
"as B<man2html>(1)  can automatically turn them into hypertext links.  You "
"can also use the new B<URL> macro to identify links to related information.  "
"If you include URLs, use the full URL (e.g., E<.UR "
"http://www.kernelnotes.org> E<.UE )> to ensure that tools can automatically "
"find the URLs."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:502
msgid ""
"Tools processing these files should open the file and examine the first "
"nonwhitespace character.  A period (.) or single quote (') at the beginning "
"of a line indicates a troff-based file (such as man or mdoc).  A left angle "
"bracket (E<lt>) indicates an SGML/XML-based file (such as HTML or Docbook).  "
"Anything else suggests simple ASCII text (e.g., a \"catman\" result)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:513
msgid ""
"Many man pages begin with B<\\'\\e\"> followed by a space and a list of "
"characters, indicating how the page is to be preprocessed.  For "
"portability's sake to non-troff translators we recommend that you avoid "
"using anything other than B<tbl>(1), and Linux can detect that "
"automatically.  However, you might want to include this information so your "
"man page can be handled by other (less capable) systems.  Here are the "
"definitions of the preprocessors invoked by these characters:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:513
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<e>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:516
msgid "eqn(1)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:516
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<g>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:519
msgid "grap(1)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:519
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<p>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:522
msgid "pic(1)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:522
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<r>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:525
msgid "refer(1)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:525
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<t>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:528
msgid "tbl(1)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/man.7:528
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<v>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:531
msgid "vgrind(1)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Sh
#: build/C/man7/man.7:531 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:278 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2883
#, no-wrap
msgid "BUGS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:544
msgid ""
"Most of the macros describe formatting (e.g., font type and spacing) instead "
"of marking semantic content (e.g., this text is a reference to another "
"page), compared to formats like mdoc and DocBook (even HTML has more "
"semantic markings).  This situation makes it harder to vary the B<man> "
"format for different media, to make the formatting consistent for a given "
"media, and to automatically insert cross-references.  By sticking to the "
"safe subset described above, it should be easier to automate transitioning "
"to a different reference page format in the future."
msgstr ""

#.  .SH AUTHORS
#.  .IP \(em 3m
#.  James Clark (jjc@jclark.com) wrote the implementation of the macro package.
#.  .IP \(em
#.  Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) wrote the initial version of
#.  this manual page.
#.  .IP \(em
#.  Jens Schweikhardt (schweikh@noc.fdn.de) wrote the Linux Man-Page Mini-HOWTO
#.  (which influenced this manual page).
#.  .IP \(em
#.  David A. Wheeler (dwheeler@ida.org) heavily modified this
#.  manual page, such as adding detailed information on sections and macros.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:560
msgid "The Sun macro B<TX> is not implemented."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:572
msgid ""
"B<apropos>(1), B<groff>(1), B<lexgrog>(1), B<man>(1), B<man2html>(1), "
"B<whatis>(1), B<groff_man>(7), B<groff_www>(7), B<man-pages>(7), B<mdoc>(7), "
"B<mdoc.samples>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Dd
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:42
#, no-wrap
msgid "July 11, 1999"
msgstr ""

#. type: Dt
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:43
#, no-wrap
msgid "MDOC 7"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:47
msgid "E<.Nm mdoc>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Nd
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:47
#, no-wrap
msgid "quick reference guide for the"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:50
msgid "E<.Nm \\-mdoc> macro package"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:54
msgid "E<.Nm groff> E<.Fl m Ns Ar doc> E<.Ar files ...>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:66
msgid ""
"The E<.Nm \\-mdoc> package is a set of content-based and domain-based macros "
"used to format the E<.Bx> man pages.  The macro names and their meanings are "
"listed below for quick reference; for a detailed explanation on using the "
"package, see the tutorial sampler E<.Xr mdoc.samples 7>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:71
msgid ""
"Note that this is not the usual macro package for Linux documentation, "
"although it is used for documentation of several widely used programs; see "
"E<.Xr man 7>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:80
msgid ""
"The macros are described in two groups, the first includes the structural "
"and physical page layout macros.  The second contains the manual and general "
"text domain macros which differentiate the E<.Nm \\-mdoc> package from other "
"E<.Xr troff> formatting packages."
msgstr ""

#. type: Sh
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:80 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1811
#, no-wrap
msgid "PAGE STRUCTURE DOMAIN"
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:81
#, no-wrap
msgid "Title Macros"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:84
msgid ""
"To create a valid manual page, these three macros, in this order, are "
"required:"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:85
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \"\\&.Dd  \" Ar \"Month day, year\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:87
msgid "Document date."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:87
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \"\\&.Dt  \" Ar \"DOCUMENT_TITLE [section] [volume]\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:89
msgid "Title, in uppercase."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:89
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \"\\&.Os  \" Ar \"OPERATING_SYSTEM [version/release]\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:92
msgid "Operating system E<.Pq Tn BSD>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:93
#, no-wrap
msgid "Page Layout Macros"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:95
msgid "Section headers, paragraph breaks, lists and displays."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:96
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Sh"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:99
msgid "Section Headers.  Valid headers, in the order of presentation:"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:100
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ar NAME"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:108
msgid ""
"Name section, should include the E<.Ql \\&.Nm> or E<.Ql \\&.Fn> and the "
"E<.Ql \\&.Nd> macros."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:108
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ar SYNOPSIS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:110
msgid "Usage."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:110
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ar DESCRIPTION"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:113
msgid "General description, should include options and parameters."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:113
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ar RETURN VALUE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:115
msgid "Sections two and three function calls."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:115
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ar ENVIRONMENT"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:117
msgid "Describe environment variables."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:117
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ar FILES"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:119
msgid "Files associated with the subject."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:119
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ar EXAMPLES"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:121
msgid "Examples and suggestions."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:121
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ar DIAGNOSTICS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:123
msgid "Normally used for section four device interface diagnostics."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:123
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ar ERRORS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:126
msgid "Sections two and three error and signal handling."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:126
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ar SEE ALSO"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:128
msgid "Cross references and citations."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:128
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ar CONFORMING TO"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:130
msgid "Conformance to standards if applicable."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:130
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ar HISTORY"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:133
msgid "If a standard is not applicable, the history of the subject should be given."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:133
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ar BUGS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:135
msgid "Gotchas and caveats."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:135
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ar other"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:138
msgid "Customized headers may be added at the authors discretion."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:139
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Ss"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:141
msgid "Subsection Headers."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:141
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Pp"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:144
msgid "Paragraph Break.  Vertical space (one line)."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:144 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2200
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.D1"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:147
msgid "(D-one) Display-one Indent and display one text line."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:147 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2208
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Dl"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:150
msgid "(D-ell) Display-one literal.  Indent and display one line of literal text."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:150 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2228
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Bd"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:153
msgid "Begin-display block.  Display options:"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:154 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2248
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl ragged"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:156
msgid "Unjustified (ragged edges)."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:156 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2251
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl filled"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:158
msgid "Justified."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:158 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2255
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl literal"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:160
msgid "Literal text or code."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:160
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl file Ar name"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:164
msgid "Read in named E<.Ar file> and display."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:164 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2267
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl offset Ar string"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:169
msgid "Offset display.  Acceptable E<.Ar string> values:"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:170 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2275
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ar left"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:172
msgid "Align block on left (default)."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:172 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2279
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ar center"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:174
msgid "Approximate center margin."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:174 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2284
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ar indent"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:176
msgid "Six constant width spaces (a tab)."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:176 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2293
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ar indent-two"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:178
msgid "Two tabs."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:178 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2295
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ar right"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:181
msgid "Left aligns block 2 inches from right."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:181
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ar xx Ns Cm n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:188
msgid ""
"Where E<.Ar xx> is a number from E<.No \\&4 Ns Cm n> to E<.No \\&9\\&9 Ns Cm "
"n>."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:188
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ar Aa"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:192
msgid "Where E<.Ar Aa> is a callable macro name."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:192
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ar string"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:196
msgid "The width of E<.Ar string> is used."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:198
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Ed"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:200
msgid "End-display (matches \\&.Bd)."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:200
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Bl"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:204
msgid "Begin-list.  Create lists or columns.  Options:"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:205
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ar List-types"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:207
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl bullet Ta \"Bullet Item List\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:208
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl item Ta \"Unlabeled List\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:209
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl enum Ta \"Enumerated List\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:210
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl tag Ta \"Tag Labeled List\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:211
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl diag Ta \"Diagnostic List\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:212
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl hang Ta \"Hanging Labeled List\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:213
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl ohang Ta \"Overhanging Labeled List\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:214
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl inset Ta \"Inset or Run-on Labeled List\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:216
#, no-wrap
msgid "List-parameters"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:218
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl offset"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:222
msgid "(All lists.) See E<.Ql \\&.Bd> begin-display above."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:222
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl width"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:229
msgid "E<.Pf ( Fl tag> and E<.Fl hang> lists only.)  See E<.Ql \\&.Bd>."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:229
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl compact"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:232
msgid "(All lists.)  Suppresses blank lines."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:234
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.El"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:236
msgid "End-list."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:236
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.It"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:238
msgid "List item."
msgstr ""

#. type: Sh
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:239
#, no-wrap
msgid "MANUAL AND GENERAL TEXT DOMAIN MACROS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:243
msgid ""
"The manual and general text domain macros are special in that most of them "
"are parsed for callable macros for example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:244
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \"\\&.Op Fl s Ar file\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:247
msgid "Produces E<.Op Fl s Ar file>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:265
msgid ""
"In this example, the option enclosure macro E<.Ql \\&.Op> is parsed, and "
"calls the callable content macro E<.Ql \\&Fl> which operates on the argument "
"E<.Ql s> and then calls the callable content macro E<.Ql \\&Ar> which "
"operates on the argument E<.Ql file>.  Some macros may be callable, but are "
"not parsed and vice versa.  These macros are indicated in the E<.Em parsed> "
"and E<.Em callable> columns below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:267
msgid "Unless stated, manual domain macros share a common syntax:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:268
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Va argument [\\ .\\ ,\\ ;\\ :\\ (\\ )\\ [\\ ]\\ argument ...\\ ]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:288
msgid ""
"E<.Sy Note>: Opening and closing punctuation characters are recognized as "
"such only if they are presented one at a time.  The string E<.Ql \"),\"> is "
"not recognized as punctuation and will be output with a leading white space "
"and in what ever font the calling macro uses.  The argument list E<.Ql \"] ) "
",\"> is recognized as three sequential closing punctuation characters and a "
"leading white space is not output between the characters and the previous "
"argument (if any).  The special meaning of a punctuation character may be "
"escaped with the string E<.Ql \\e&>.  For example the following string,"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:289
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \"\\&.Ar file1\\ , file2\\ , file3\\ )\\ .\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:292
msgid "Produces E<.Ar file1 , file2 , file3>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:294
#, no-wrap
msgid "Manual Domain Macros"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:296 build/C/man7/mdoc.7:321
#, no-wrap
msgid "Em \"Name\tParsed\tCallable\tDescription\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:297
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Ad Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Address. (This macro may be deprecated.)\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:298
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&An Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Author name.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:299
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Ar Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Command-line argument.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:300
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Li \\&Cd Ta \\&No Ta \\&No Ta \"Configuration declaration (section four "
"only).\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:301
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Cm Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Command-line argument modifier.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:302
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Dv Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Defined variable (source code).\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:303
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Er Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Error number (source code).\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:304
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Ev Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Environment variable.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:305
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Fa Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Function argument.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:306
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Fd Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Function declaration.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:307
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Fn Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Function call (also .Fo and .Fc).\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:308
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Ic Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Interactive command.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:309
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Li Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Literal text.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:310
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Nm Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Command name.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:311
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Op Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Option (also .Oo and .Oc).\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:312
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Ot Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Old style function type (Fortran only).\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:313
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Pa Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Pathname or filename.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:314
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&St Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Standards (\\-p1003.2, \\-p1003.1 or \\-ansiC)\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:315
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Va Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Variable name.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:316
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Vt Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Variable type (Fortran only).\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:317
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Xr Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Manual Page Cross Reference.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:319
#, no-wrap
msgid "General Text Domain Macros"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:322
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&%A Ta Yes Ta \\&No Ta \"Reference author.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:323
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&%B Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Reference book title.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:324
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&%\\&C Ta \\&No Ta \\&No Ta \"Reference place of publishing (city).\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:325
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&%\\&D Ta \\&No Ta \\&No Ta \"Reference date.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:326
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&%J Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Reference journal title.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:327
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&%N Ta \\&No Ta \\&No Ta \"Reference issue number.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:328
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&%\\&O Ta \\&No Ta \\&No Ta \"Reference optional information.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:329
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&%P Ta \\&No Ta \\&No Ta \"Reference page number(s).\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:330
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&%R Ta \\&No Ta \\&No Ta \"Reference report Name.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:331
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&%T Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Reference article title.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:332
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&%V Ta \\&No Ta \\&No Ta \"Reference volume.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:333
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Ac Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Angle close quote.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:334
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Ao Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Angle open quote.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:335
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Ap Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta Apostrophe."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:336
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Aq Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Angle quote.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:337
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&At Ta \\&No Ta \\&No Ta Tn \"AT&T UNIX\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:338
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Bc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Bracket close quote.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:339
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Bf Ta \\&No Ta \\&No Ta \"Begin font mode.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:340
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Bo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Bracket open quote.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:341
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Bq Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Bracket quote.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:342
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Bx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta Bx ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:343
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Db Ta \\&No Ta \\&No Ta \"Debug (default is \\*qoff\\*q)\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:344
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Dc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Double close quote.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:345
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Do Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Double open quote.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:346
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Dq Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Double quote.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:347
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Ec Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Enclose string close quote.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:348
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Ef Ta \\&No Ta \\&No Ta \"End font mode.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:349
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Em Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Emphasis (traditional English).\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:350
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Eo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Enclose string open quote.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:351
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Fx Ta \\&No Ta \\&No Ta Tn \"FreeBSD operating system\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:352
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&No Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Normal text (no-op).\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:353
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Ns Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"No space.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:354
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Pc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Parenthesis close quote.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:355
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Pf Ta Yes Ta \\&No Ta \"Prefix string.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:356
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Po Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Parenthesis open quote.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:357
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Pq Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Parentheses quote.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:358
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Qc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Straight Double close quote.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:359
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Ql Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Quoted literal.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:360
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Qo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Straight Double open quote.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:361
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Qq Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Straight Double quote.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:362
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Re Ta \\&No Ta \\&No Ta \"Reference end.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:363
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Rs Ta \\&No Ta \\&No Ta \"Reference start.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:364
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Li \\&Rv Ta \\&No Ta \\&No Ta \"Return values (sections two and three "
"only).\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:365
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Sc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Single close quote.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:366
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&So Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Single open quote.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:367
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Sq Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Single quote.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:368
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Sm Ta \\&No Ta \\&No Ta \"Space mode (default is \\*qon\\*q)\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:369
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Sx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Section Cross Reference.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:370
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Sy Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Symbolic (traditional English).\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:371
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Tn Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Trade or type name (small Caps).\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:372
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Ux Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta Ux"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:373
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Xc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Extend argument list close.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:374
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Xo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \"Extend argument list open.\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:388
msgid ""
"Macro names ending in E<.Ql q> quote remaining items on the argument list.  "
"Macro names ending in E<.Ql o> begin a quote which may span more than one "
"line of input and are close quoted with the matching macro name ending in "
"E<.Ql c>.  Enclosure macros may be nested and are limited to eight "
"arguments."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:400
msgid ""
"Note: the extended argument list macros E<.Pf ( Ql \\&.Xo>, E<.Ql \\&.Xc>)  "
"and the function enclosure macros E<.Pf ( Ql \\&.Fo>, E<.Ql \\&.Fc>)  are "
"irregular.  The extended list macros are used when the number of macro "
"arguments would exceed the E<.Xr troff> limitation of nine arguments."
msgstr ""

#.  The following does not apply on Linux:
#.  .Sh CONFIGURATION
#.  For site specific configuration of the macro package,
#.  see the file
#.  .Pa /usr/src/share/tmac/README .
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:411
msgid ""
"The macros UR (starting a URI/URL hypertext reference), UE (ending one), and "
"UN (identifying a target for a reference) are also available.  See E<.Xr man "
"7> for more information on these macros."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:413
#, no-wrap
msgid "Pa doc.tmac"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:415
msgid "Manual and general text domain macros."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:415
#, no-wrap
msgid "Pa tmac/doc-common"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:417
msgid "Common structural macros and definitions."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:417
#, no-wrap
msgid "Pa tmac/doc-nroff"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:421
msgid "Site dependent E<.Xr nroff> style file."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:421
#, no-wrap
msgid "Pa tmac/doc-ditroff"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:425
msgid "Site dependent E<.Xr troff> style file."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:425
#, no-wrap
msgid "Pa tmac/doc-syms"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:427
msgid "Special defines (such as the standards macro)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:433
msgid "E<.Xr groff_mdoc 7>, E<.Xr mdoc.samples 7>, E<.Xr man 7>, E<.Xr man-pages 7>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:440 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2964
msgid ""
"This page is part of release 3.65 of the Linux E<.Em man-pages> project.  A "
"description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be "
"found at \\%http://www.kernel.org/doc/man\\-pages/."
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/operator.7:40
#, no-wrap
msgid "OPERATOR"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/operator.7:40
#, no-wrap
msgid "2011-09-09"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/operator.7:43
msgid "operator - C operator precedence and order of evaluation"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/operator.7:45
msgid "This manual page lists C operators and their precedence in evaluation."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/operator.7:63
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<Operator                             Associativity>\n"
"() [] -E<gt> .                           left to right\n"
"! ~ ++ -- + - (type) * & sizeof      right to left\n"
"* / %                                left to right\n"
"+ -                                  left to right\n"
"E<lt>E<lt> E<gt>E<gt>                                left to right\n"
"E<lt> E<lt>= E<gt> E<gt>=                            left to right\n"
"== !=                                left to right\n"
"&                                    left to right\n"
"^                                    left to right\n"
"|                                    left to right\n"
"&&                                   left to right\n"
"||                                   left to right\n"
"?:                                   right to left\n"
"= += -= *= /= %= E<lt>E<lt>= E<gt>E<gt>= &= ^= |=    right to left\n"
",                                    left to right\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:24
#, no-wrap
msgid "POSIXOPTIONS"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:24
#, no-wrap
msgid "2007-12-21"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:27
msgid "posixoptions - optional parts of the POSIX standard"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:41
msgid ""
"The POSIX standard (the information below is from POSIX.1-2001)  describes a "
"set of behaviors and interfaces for a compliant system.  However, many "
"interfaces are optional and there are feature test macros to test the "
"availability of interfaces at compile time, and functions B<sysconf>(3), "
"B<fpathconf>(3), B<pathconf>(3), B<confstr>(3)  to do this at run time.  "
"From shell scripts one can use B<getconf>(1).  For more detail, see "
"B<sysconf>(3)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:48
msgid ""
"We give the name of the POSIX abbreviation, the option, the name of the "
"B<sysconf>(3)  parameter used to inquire about the option, and possibly a "
"very short description.  Much more precise detail can be found in the POSIX "
"standard itself, versions of which can nowadays be accessed freely on the "
"web."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:48
#, no-wrap
msgid "ADV - _POSIX_ADVISORY_INFO - _SC_ADVISORY_INFO"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:50
msgid "The following advisory functions are present:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:58
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<posix_fadvise>(),\n"
"I<posix_fallocate>(),\n"
"I<posix_memalign>(),\n"
"I<posix_madvise>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:61
#, no-wrap
msgid "AIO - _POSIX_ASYNCHRONOUS_IO - _SC_ASYNCHRONOUS_IO"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:66
msgid ""
"The header I<E<lt>aio.hE<gt>> is present.  The following functions are "
"present:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:78
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<aio_cancel>(),\n"
"I<aio_error>(),\n"
"I<aio_fsync>(),\n"
"I<aio_read>(),\n"
"I<aio_return>(),\n"
"I<aio_suspend>(),\n"
"I<aio_write>(),\n"
"I<lio_listio>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:81
#, no-wrap
msgid "BAR - _POSIX_BARRIERS - _SC_BARRIERS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:88 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:458
msgid ""
"This option implies the B<_POSIX_THREADS> and "
"B<_POSIX_THREAD_SAFE_FUNCTIONS> options.  The following functions are "
"present:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:97
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<pthread_barrier_destroy>(),\n"
"I<pthread_barrier_init>(),\n"
"I<pthread_barrier_wait>(),\n"
"I<pthread_barrierattr_destroy>(),\n"
"I<pthread_barrierattr_init>().\n"
msgstr ""

#.  .SS "BE"
#.  Batch environment.
#.  .SS "CD"
#.  C development.
#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:104
#, no-wrap
msgid "--- - POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED"
msgstr ""

#.  What about lchown() ?
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:112
msgid ""
"If this option is in effect (as it always is under POSIX.1-2001), then only "
"root may change the owner of a file, and nonroot can set the group of a file "
"only to one of the groups it belongs to.  This affects the functions "
"I<chown>(), I<fchown>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:112
#, no-wrap
msgid "CS - _POSIX_CLOCK_SELECTION - _SC_CLOCK_SELECTION"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:117
msgid ""
"This option implies the B<_POSIX_TIMERS> option.  The following functions "
"are present:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:124
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<pthread_condattr_getclock>(),\n"
"I<pthread_condattr_setclock>(),\n"
"I<clock_nanosleep>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:132
msgid ""
"If B<CLOCK_REALTIME> is changed by the function I<clock_settime>(), then "
"this affects all timers set for an absolute time."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:132
#, no-wrap
msgid "CPT - _POSIX_CPUTIME - _SC_CPUTIME"
msgstr ""

#.  .SS "FD"
#.  Fortran development
#.  .SS "FR"
#.  Fortran runtime
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:145
msgid ""
"The clockID CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID is supported.  The initial value of "
"this clock is 0 for each process.  This option implies the B<_POSIX_TIMERS> "
"option.  The function I<clock_getcpuclockid>()  is present."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:145
#, no-wrap
msgid "--- - _POSIX_FILE_LOCKING - _SC_FILE_LOCKING"
msgstr ""

#.  .SS "MX"
#.  IEC 60559 Floating-Point Option.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:148 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:238
msgid "This option has been deleted.  Not in final XPG6."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:148
#, no-wrap
msgid "FSC - _POSIX_FSYNC - _SC_FSYNC"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:152
msgid "The function I<fsync>()  is present."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:152
#, no-wrap
msgid "IP6 - _POSIX_IPV6 - _SC_IPV6"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:154
msgid "Internet Protocol Version 6 is supported."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:154
#, no-wrap
msgid "--- - _POSIX_JOB_CONTROL - _SC_JOB_CONTROL"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:158
msgid ""
"If this option is in effect (as it always is under POSIX.1-2001), then the "
"system implements POSIX-style job control, and the following functions are "
"present:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:169
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<setpgid>(),\n"
"I<tcdrain>(),\n"
"I<tcflush>(),\n"
"I<tcgetpgrp>(),\n"
"I<tcsendbreak>(),\n"
"I<tcsetattr>(),\n"
"I<tcsetpgrp>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:171
#, no-wrap
msgid "MF - _POSIX_MAPPED_FILES - _SC_MAPPED_FILES"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:180
msgid ""
"Shared memory is supported.  The include file I<E<lt>sys/mman.hE<gt>> is "
"present.  The following functions are present: I<mmap>(), I<msync>(), "
"I<munmap>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:180
#, no-wrap
msgid "ML - _POSIX_MEMLOCK - _SC_MEMLOCK"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:186
msgid ""
"Shared memory can be locked into core.  The functions I<mlockall>(), "
"I<munlockall>()  are present."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:186
#, no-wrap
msgid "MR/MLR - _POSIX_MEMLOCK_RANGE - _SC_MEMLOCK_RANGE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:192
msgid ""
"More precisely, ranges can be locked into core.  The functions I<mlock>(), "
"I<munlock>()  are present."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:192
#, no-wrap
msgid "MPR - _POSIX_MEMORY_PROTECTION - _SC_MEMORY_PROTECTION"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:196
msgid "The function I<mprotect>()  is present."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:196
#, no-wrap
msgid "MSG - _POSIX_MESSAGE_PASSING - _SC_MESSAGE_PASSING"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:201
msgid ""
"The include file I<E<lt>mqueue.hE<gt>> is present.  The following functions "
"are present:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:213
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<mq_close>(),\n"
"I<mq_getattr>(),\n"
"I<mq_notify>(),\n"
"I<mq_open>(),\n"
"I<mq_receive>(),\n"
"I<mq_send>(),\n"
"I<mq_setattr>(),\n"
"I<mq_unlink>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:216
#, no-wrap
msgid "MON - _POSIX_MONOTONIC_CLOCK - _SC_MONOTONIC_CLOCK"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:223
msgid ""
"B<CLOCK_MONOTONIC> is supported.  This option implies the B<_POSIX_TIMERS> "
"option.  Affected functions are"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:231
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<aio_suspend>(),\n"
"I<clock_getres>(),\n"
"I<clock_gettime>(),\n"
"I<clock_settime>(),\n"
"I<timer_create>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:233
#, no-wrap
msgid "--- - _POSIX_MULTI_PROCESS - _SC_MULTI_PROCESS"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:238
#, no-wrap
msgid "--- - _POSIX_NO_TRUNC"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:245
msgid ""
"If this option is in effect (as it always is under POSIX.1-2001)  then "
"pathname components longer than B<NAME_MAX> are not truncated, but give an "
"error.  This property may be dependent on the path prefix of the component."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:245
#, no-wrap
msgid "PIO - _POSIX_PRIORITIZED_IO - _SC_PRIORITIZED_IO"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:248
msgid ""
"This option says that one can specify priorities for asynchronous I/O.  This "
"affects the functions"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:254
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<aio_read>(),\n"
"I<aio_write>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:256
#, no-wrap
msgid "PS - _POSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING - _SC_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:261
msgid ""
"The include file I<E<lt>sched.hE<gt>> is present.  The following functions "
"are present:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:273
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<sched_get_priority_max>(),\n"
"I<sched_get_priority_min>(),\n"
"I<sched_getparam>(),\n"
"I<sched_getscheduler>(),\n"
"I<sched_rr_get_interval>(),\n"
"I<sched_setparam>(),\n"
"I<sched_setscheduler>(),\n"
"I<sched_yield>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:279
msgid ""
"If also B<_POSIX_SPAWN> is in effect, then the following functions are "
"present:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:287 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:449
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<posix_spawnattr_getschedparam>(),\n"
"I<posix_spawnattr_getschedpolicy>(),\n"
"I<posix_spawnattr_setschedparam>(),\n"
"I<posix_spawnattr_setschedpolicy>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:289
#, no-wrap
msgid "RS - _POSIX_RAW_SOCKETS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:294
msgid ""
"Raw sockets are supported.  Affected functions are I<getsockopt>(), "
"I<setsockopt>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:294
#, no-wrap
msgid "--- - _POSIX_READER_WRITER_LOCKS - _SC_READER_WRITER_LOCKS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:302
msgid ""
"This option implies the B<_POSIX_THREADS> option.  Conversely, under "
"POSIX.1-2001 the B<_POSIX_THREADS> option implies this option."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:304
#, no-wrap
msgid "The following functions are present:\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:315
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<pthread_rwlock_destroy>(),\n"
"I<pthread_rwlock_init>(),\n"
"I<pthread_rwlock_rdlock>(),\n"
"I<pthread_rwlock_tryrdlock>(),\n"
"I<pthread_rwlock_trywrlock>(),\n"
"I<pthread_rwlock_unlock>(),\n"
"I<pthread_rwlock_wrlock>(),\n"
"I<pthread_rwlockattr_destroy>(),\n"
"I<pthread_rwlockattr_init>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:317
#, no-wrap
msgid "RTS - _POSIX_REALTIME_SIGNALS - _SC_REALTIME_SIGNALS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:320
msgid "Realtime signals are supported.  The following functions are present:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:327
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<sigqueue>(),\n"
"I<sigtimedwait>(),\n"
"I<sigwaitinfo>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:330
#, no-wrap
msgid "--- - _POSIX_REGEXP - _SC_REGEXP"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:334
msgid ""
"If this option is in effect (as it always is under POSIX.1-2001)  then POSIX "
"regular expressions are supported and the following functions are present:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:342
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<regcomp>(),\n"
"I<regerror>(),\n"
"I<regexec>(),\n"
"I<regfree>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:345
#, no-wrap
msgid "--- - _POSIX_SAVED_IDS - _SC_SAVED_IDS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:349
msgid ""
"If this option is in effect (as it always is under POSIX.1-2001), then a "
"process has a saved set-user-ID and a saved set-group-ID.  Affected "
"functions are"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:359
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<exec>(),\n"
"I<kill>(),\n"
"I<seteuid>(),\n"
"I<setegid>(),\n"
"I<setgid>(),\n"
"I<setuid>().\n"
msgstr ""

#.  .SS "SD"
#.  Software development
#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:364
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEM - _POSIX_SEMAPHORES - _SC_SEMAPHORES"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:369
msgid ""
"The include file I<E<lt>semaphore.hE<gt>> is present.  The following "
"functions are present:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:382
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<sem_close>(),\n"
"I<sem_destroy>(),\n"
"I<sem_getvalue>(),\n"
"I<sem_init>(),\n"
"I<sem_open>(),\n"
"I<sem_post>(),\n"
"I<sem_trywait>(),\n"
"I<sem_unlink>(),\n"
"I<sem_wait>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:385
#, no-wrap
msgid "SHM - _POSIX_SHARED_MEMORY_OBJECTS - _SC_SHARED_MEMORY_OBJECTS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:387 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:703 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:719 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:833
msgid "The following functions are present:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:395
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<mmap>(),\n"
"I<munmap>(),\n"
"I<shm_open>(),\n"
"I<shm_unlink>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:398
#, no-wrap
msgid "--- - _POSIX_SHELL - _SC_SHELL"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:403
msgid ""
"If this option is in effect (as it always is under POSIX.1-2001), the "
"function I<system>()  is present."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:403
#, no-wrap
msgid "SPN - _POSIX_SPAWN - _SC_SPAWN"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:413
msgid ""
"This option describes support for process creation in a context where it is "
"difficult or impossible to use I<fork>(), for example, because no MMU is "
"present.  If B<_POSIX_SPAWN> is in effect, then the include file "
"I<E<lt>spawn.hE<gt>> and the following functions are present:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:434
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<posix_spawn>(),\n"
"I<posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose>(),\n"
"I<posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2>(),\n"
"I<posix_spawn_file_actions_addopen>(),\n"
"I<posix_spawn_file_actions_destroy>(),\n"
"I<posix_spawn_file_actions_init>(),\n"
"I<posix_spawnattr_destroy>(),\n"
"I<posix_spawnattr_getsigdefault>(),\n"
"I<posix_spawnattr_getflags>(),\n"
"I<posix_spawnattr_getpgroup>(),\n"
"I<posix_spawnattr_getsigmask>(),\n"
"I<posix_spawnattr_init>(),\n"
"I<posix_spawnattr_setsigdefault>(),\n"
"I<posix_spawnattr_setflags>(),\n"
"I<posix_spawnattr_setpgroup>(),\n"
"I<posix_spawnattr_setsigmask>(),\n"
"I<posix_spawnp>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:441
msgid ""
"If also B<_POSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING> is in effect, then the following "
"functions are present:"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:451
#, no-wrap
msgid "SPI - _POSIX_SPIN_LOCKS - _SC_SPIN_LOCKS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:467
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<pthread_spin_destroy>(),\n"
"I<pthread_spin_init>(),\n"
"I<pthread_spin_lock>(),\n"
"I<pthread_spin_trylock>(),\n"
"I<pthread_spin_unlock>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:470
#, no-wrap
msgid "SS - _POSIX_SPORADIC_SERVER - _SC_SPORADIC_SERVER"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:478
msgid ""
"The scheduling policy B<SCHED_SPORADIC> is supported.  This option implies "
"the B<_POSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING> option.  Affected functions are"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:484
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<sched_setparam>(),\n"
"I<sched_setscheduler>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:487
#, no-wrap
msgid "SIO - _POSIX_SYNCHRONIZED_IO - _SC_SYNCHRONIZED_IO"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:493
msgid "Affected functions are I<open>(), I<msync>(), I<fsync>(), I<fdatasync>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:493
#, no-wrap
msgid "TSA - _POSIX_THREAD_ATTR_STACKADDR - _SC_THREAD_ATTR_STACKADDR"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:495 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:508 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:539 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:550 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:585 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:602
msgid "Affected functions are"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:503
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<pthread_attr_getstack>(),\n"
"I<pthread_attr_getstackaddr>(),\n"
"I<pthread_attr_setstack>(),\n"
"I<pthread_attr_setstackaddr>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:506
#, no-wrap
msgid "TSS - _POSIX_THREAD_ATTR_STACKSIZE - _SC_THREAD_ATTR_STACKSIZE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:516
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<pthread_attr_getstack>(),\n"
"I<pthread_attr_getstacksize>(),\n"
"I<pthread_attr_setstack>(),\n"
"I<pthread_attr_setstacksize>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:519
#, no-wrap
msgid "TCT - _POSIX_THREAD_CPUTIME - _SC_THREAD_CPUTIME"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:525
msgid ""
"The clockID CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID is supported.  This option implies the "
"B<_POSIX_TIMERS> option.  Affected functions are"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:534
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<pthread_getcpuclockid>(),\n"
"I<clock_getres>(),\n"
"I<clock_gettime>(),\n"
"I<clock_settime>(),\n"
"I<timer_create>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:537
#, no-wrap
msgid "TPI - _POSIX_THREAD_PRIO_INHERIT - _SC_THREAD_PRIO_INHERIT"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:545
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<pthread_mutexattr_getprotocol>(),\n"
"I<pthread_mutexattr_setprotocol>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:548
#, no-wrap
msgid "TPP - _POSIX_THREAD_PRIO_PROTECT - _SC_THREAD_PRIO_PROTECT"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:560
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<pthread_mutex_getprioceiling>(),\n"
"I<pthread_mutex_setprioceiling>(),\n"
"I<pthread_mutexattr_getprioceiling>(),\n"
"I<pthread_mutexattr_getprotocol>(),\n"
"I<pthread_mutexattr_setprioceiling>(),\n"
"I<pthread_mutexattr_setprotocol>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:563
#, no-wrap
msgid "TPS - _POSIX_THREAD_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING - _SC_THREAD_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:567
msgid ""
"If this option is in effect, the different threads inside a process can run "
"with different priorities and/or different schedulers.  Affected functions "
"are"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:580
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<pthread_attr_getinheritsched>(),\n"
"I<pthread_attr_getschedpolicy>(),\n"
"I<pthread_attr_getscope>(),\n"
"I<pthread_attr_setinheritsched>(),\n"
"I<pthread_attr_setschedpolicy>(),\n"
"I<pthread_attr_setscope>(),\n"
"I<pthread_getschedparam>(),\n"
"I<pthread_setschedparam>(),\n"
"I<pthread_setschedprio>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:583
#, no-wrap
msgid "TSH - _POSIX_THREAD_PROCESS_SHARED - _SC_THREAD_PROCESS_SHARED"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:597
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<pthread_barrierattr_getpshared>(),\n"
"I<pthread_barrierattr_setpshared>(),\n"
"I<pthread_condattr_getpshared>(),\n"
"I<pthread_condattr_setpshared>(),\n"
"I<pthread_mutexattr_getpshared>(),\n"
"I<pthread_mutexattr_setpshared>(),\n"
"I<pthread_rwlockattr_getpshared>(),\n"
"I<pthread_rwlockattr_setpshared>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:600
#, no-wrap
msgid "TSF - _POSIX_THREAD_SAFE_FUNCTIONS - _SC_THREAD_SAFE_FUNCTIONS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:625
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<readdir_r>(),\n"
"I<getgrgid_r>(),\n"
"I<getgrnam_r>(),\n"
"I<getpwnam_r>(),\n"
"I<getpwuid_r>(),\n"
"I<flockfile>(),\n"
"I<ftrylockfile>(),\n"
"I<funlockfile>(),\n"
"I<getc_unlocked>(),\n"
"I<getchar_unlocked>(),\n"
"I<putc_unlocked>(),\n"
"I<putchar_unlocked>(),\n"
"I<rand_r>(),\n"
"I<strerror_r>(),\n"
"I<strtok_r>(),\n"
"I<asctime_r>(),\n"
"I<ctime_r>(),\n"
"I<gmtime_r>(),\n"
"I<localtime_r>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:628
#, no-wrap
msgid "TSP - _POSIX_THREAD_SPORADIC_SERVER - _SC_THREAD_SPORADIC_SERVER"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:633
msgid ""
"This option implies the B<_POSIX_THREAD_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING> option.  "
"Affected functions are"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:640
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<sched_getparam>(),\n"
"I<sched_setparam>(),\n"
"I<sched_setscheduler>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:643
#, no-wrap
msgid "THR - _POSIX_THREADS - _SC_THREADS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:646
msgid ""
"Basic support for POSIX threads is available.  The following functions are "
"present:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:698
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<pthread_atfork>(),\n"
"I<pthread_attr_destroy>(),\n"
"I<pthread_attr_getdetachstate>(),\n"
"I<pthread_attr_getschedparam>(),\n"
"I<pthread_attr_init>(),\n"
"I<pthread_attr_setdetachstate>(),\n"
"I<pthread_attr_setschedparam>(),\n"
"I<pthread_cancel>(),\n"
"I<pthread_cleanup_push>(),\n"
"I<pthread_cleanup_pop>(),\n"
"I<pthread_cond_broadcast>(),\n"
"I<pthread_cond_destroy>(),\n"
"I<pthread_cond_init>(),\n"
"I<pthread_cond_signal>(),\n"
"I<pthread_cond_timedwait>(),\n"
"I<pthread_cond_wait>(),\n"
"I<pthread_condattr_destroy>(),\n"
"I<pthread_condattr_init>(),\n"
"I<pthread_create>(),\n"
"I<pthread_detach>(),\n"
"I<pthread_equal>(),\n"
"I<pthread_exit>(),\n"
"I<pthread_getspecific>(),\n"
"I<pthread_join>(),\n"
"I<pthread_key_create>(),\n"
"I<pthread_key_delete>(),\n"
"I<pthread_mutex_destroy>(),\n"
"I<pthread_mutex_init>(),\n"
"I<pthread_mutex_lock>(),\n"
"I<pthread_mutex_trylock>(),\n"
"I<pthread_mutex_unlock>(),\n"
"I<pthread_mutexattr_destroy>(),\n"
"I<pthread_mutexattr_init>(),\n"
"I<pthread_once>(),\n"
"I<pthread_rwlock_destroy>(),\n"
"I<pthread_rwlock_init>(),\n"
"I<pthread_rwlock_rdlock>(),\n"
"I<pthread_rwlock_tryrdlock>(),\n"
"I<pthread_rwlock_trywrlock>(),\n"
"I<pthread_rwlock_unlock>(),\n"
"I<pthread_rwlock_wrlock>(),\n"
"I<pthread_rwlockattr_destroy>(),\n"
"I<pthread_rwlockattr_init>(),\n"
"I<pthread_self>(),\n"
"I<pthread_setcancelstate>(),\n"
"I<pthread_setcanceltype>(),\n"
"I<pthread_setspecific>(),\n"
"I<pthread_testcancel>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:701
#, no-wrap
msgid "TMO - _POSIX_TIMEOUTS - _SC_TIMEOUTS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:714
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<mq_timedreceive>(),\n"
"I<mq_timedsend>(),\n"
"I<pthread_mutex_timedlock>(),\n"
"I<pthread_rwlock_timedrdlock>(),\n"
"I<pthread_rwlock_timedwrlock>(),\n"
"I<sem_timedwait>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_timedgetnext_event>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:717
#, no-wrap
msgid "TMR - _POSIX_TIMERS - _SC_TIMERS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:732
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<clock_getres>(),\n"
"I<clock_gettime>(),\n"
"I<clock_settime>(),\n"
"I<nanosleep>(),\n"
"I<timer_create>(),\n"
"I<timer_delete>(),\n"
"I<timer_gettime>(),\n"
"I<timer_getoverrun>(),\n"
"I<timer_settime>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:735
#, no-wrap
msgid "TRC - _POSIX_TRACE - _SC_TRACE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:738
msgid "POSIX tracing is available.  The following functions are present:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:773
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<posix_trace_attr_destroy>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_attr_getclockres>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_attr_getcreatetime>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_attr_getgenversion>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_attr_getmaxdatasize>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_attr_getmaxsystemeventsize>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_attr_getmaxusereventsize>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_attr_getname>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_attr_getstreamfullpolicy>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_attr_getstreamsize>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_attr_init>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_attr_setmaxdatasize>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_attr_setname>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_attr_setstreamsize>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_attr_setstreamfullpolicy>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_clear>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_create>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_event>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_eventid_equal>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_eventid_get_name>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_eventid_open>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_eventtypelist_getnext_id>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_eventtypelist_rewind>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_flush>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_get_attr>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_get_status>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_getnext_event>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_shutdown>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_start>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_stop>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_trygetnext_event>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:776
#, no-wrap
msgid "TEF - _POSIX_TRACE_EVENT_FILTER - _SC_TRACE_EVENT_FILTER"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:781 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:816
msgid ""
"This option implies the B<_POSIX_TRACE> option.  The following functions are "
"present:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:793
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<posix_trace_eventset_add>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_eventset_del>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_eventset_empty>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_eventset_fill>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_eventset_ismember>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_get_filter>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_set_filter>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_trid_eventid_open>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:796
#, no-wrap
msgid "TRI - _POSIX_TRACE_INHERIT - _SC_TRACE_INHERIT"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:802
msgid ""
"Tracing children of the traced process is supported.  This option implies "
"the B<_POSIX_TRACE> option.  The following functions are present:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:808
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<posix_trace_attr_getinherited>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_attr_setinherited>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:811
#, no-wrap
msgid "TRL - _POSIX_TRACE_LOG - _SC_TRACE_LOG"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:828
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<posix_trace_attr_getlogfullpolicy>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_attr_getlogsize>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_attr_setlogfullpolicy>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_attr_setlogsize>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_close>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_create_withlog>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_open>(),\n"
"I<posix_trace_rewind>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:831
#, no-wrap
msgid "TYM - _POSIX_TYPED_MEMORY_OBJECTS - _SC_TYPED_MEMORY_OBJECT"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:840
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<posix_mem_offset>(),\n"
"I<posix_typed_mem_get_info>(),\n"
"I<posix_typed_mem_open>().\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:843
#, no-wrap
msgid "--- - _POSIX_VDISABLE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:847
msgid ""
"Always present (probably 0).  Value to set a changeable special control "
"character to indicate that it is disabled."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:847
#, no-wrap
msgid "XOPEN EXTENSIONS"
msgstr ""

#.  To be described.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:854
msgid ""
"B<_XOPEN_CRYPT>, B<_XOPEN_LEGACY>, B<_XOPEN_REALTIME>, "
"B<_XOPEN_REALTIME_THREADS>, B<_XOPEN_UNIX>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:857
msgid "B<sysconf>(3), B<standards>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:62
#, no-wrap
msgid "PROC"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:62
#, no-wrap
msgid "2014-04-12"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:65
msgid "proc - process information pseudo-filesystem"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:74
msgid ""
"The I<proc> filesystem is a pseudo-filesystem which provides an interface to "
"kernel data structures.  It is commonly mounted at I</proc>.  Most of it is "
"read-only, but some files allow kernel variables to be changed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:78
msgid ""
"The following list describes many of the files and directories under the "
"I</proc> hierarchy."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:79
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]>"
msgstr ""

#.  FIXME Describe /proc/[pid]/attr and
#.        /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/attr
#. 	  This is a directory
#.        Added in ???
#. 	  CONFIG_SECURITY
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:91
msgid ""
"There is a numerical subdirectory for each running process; the subdirectory "
"is named by the process ID.  Each such subdirectory contains the following "
"pseudo-files and directories."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:91
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/auxv> (since 2.6.0-test7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:98
msgid ""
"This contains the contents of the ELF interpreter information passed to the "
"process at exec time.  The format is one I<unsigned long> ID plus one "
"I<unsigned long> value for each entry.  The last entry contains two zeros."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:98
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/cgroup> (since Linux 2.6.24)"
msgstr ""

#.  	  Info in Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:104
msgid ""
"This file describes control groups to which the process/task belongs.  For "
"each cgroup hierarchy there is one entry containing colon-separated fields "
"of the form:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:108
#, no-wrap
msgid "CW<    5:cpuacct,cpu,cpuset:/daemons>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:112
msgid "The colon-separated fields are, from left to right:"
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:113
#, no-wrap
msgid "1."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:115
msgid "hierarchy ID number"
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:115
#, no-wrap
msgid "2."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:117
msgid "set of subsystems bound to the hierarchy"
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:117
#, no-wrap
msgid "3."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:119
msgid "control group in the hierarchy to which the process belongs"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:124
msgid ""
"This file is present only if the B<CONFIG_CGROUPS> kernel configuration "
"option is enabled."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:124
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/clear_refs> (since Linux 2.6.22)"
msgstr ""

#.  commit b813e931b4c8235bb42e301096ea97dbdee3e8fe (2.6.22)
#.  commit 398499d5f3613c47f2143b8c54a04efb5d7a6da9 (2.6.32)
#.  commit 040fa02077de01c7e08fa75be6125e4ca5636011 (3.11)
#
#.        "Clears page referenced bits shown in smaps output"
#.        write-only, writable only by the owner of the process
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:134
msgid "This is a write-only file, writable only by owner of the process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:136
msgid "The following values may be written to the file:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:137
#, no-wrap
msgid "1 (since Linux 2.6.22)"
msgstr ""

#.  Internally: CLEAR_REFS_ALL
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:144
msgid ""
"Reset the PG_Referenced and ACCESSED/YOUNG bits for all the pages associated "
"with the process.  (Before kernel 2.6.32, writing any nonzero value to this "
"file had this effect.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:144
#, no-wrap
msgid "2 (since Linux 2.6.32)"
msgstr ""

#.  Internally: CLEAR_REFS_ANON
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:149
msgid ""
"Reset the PG_Referenced and ACCESSED/YOUNG bits for all anonymous pages "
"associated with the process."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:149
#, no-wrap
msgid "3 (since Linux 2.6.32)"
msgstr ""

#.  Internally: CLEAR_REFS_MAPPED
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:154
msgid ""
"Reset the PG_Referenced and ACCESSED/YOUNG bits for all file-mapped pages "
"associated with the process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:170
msgid ""
"Clearing the PG_Referenced and ACCESSED/YOUNG bits provides a method to "
"measure approximately how much memory a process is using.  One first "
"inspects the values in the \"Referenced:\" fields for the VMAs shown in "
"I</proc/[pid]/smaps> to get an idea of the memory footprint of the process.  "
"One then clears the PG_Referenced and ACCESSED/YOUNG bits and, after some "
"measured time interval, once again inspects the values in the "
"\"Referenced:\" fields to get an idea of the change in memory footprint of "
"the process during the measured interval.  If one is interested only in "
"inspecting the selected mapping types, then the value 2 or 3 can be used "
"instead of 1."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:172
msgid "A further value can be written to affect a different bit:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:173
#, no-wrap
msgid "4 (since Linux 3.11)"
msgstr ""

#.  Internally: CLEAR_REFS_SOFT_DIRTY
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:183
msgid ""
"Clear the soft-dirty bit for all the pages associated with the process.  "
"This is used (in conjunction with I</proc/[pid]/pagemap>)  by the "
"check-point restore system to discover which pages of a process have been "
"dirtied since the file I</proc/[pid]/clear_refs> was written to."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:188
msgid ""
"Writing any value to I</proc/[pid]/clear_refs> other than those listed above "
"has no effect."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:194
msgid ""
"The I</proc/[pid]/clear_refs> file is present only if the "
"B<CONFIG_PROC_PAGE_MONITOR> kernel configuration option is enabled."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:194
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/cmdline>"
msgstr ""

#.  In 2.3.26, this also used to be true if the process was swapped out.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:204
msgid ""
"This holds the complete command line for the process, unless the process is "
"a zombie.  In the latter case, there is nothing in this file: that is, a "
"read on this file will return 0 characters.  The command-line arguments "
"appear in this file as a set of strings separated by null bytes "
"(\\(aq\\e0\\(aq), with a further null byte after the last string."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:204
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/coredump_filter> (since kernel 2.6.23)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:208 build/C/man5/proc.5:3022 build/C/man5/proc.5:3026
msgid "See B<core>(5)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:208
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/cpuset> (since kernel 2.6.12)"
msgstr ""

#.  and/proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/cpuset
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:213
msgid "See B<cpuset>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:213
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/cwd>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:218
msgid ""
"This is a symbolic link to the current working directory of the process.  To "
"find out the current working directory of process 20, for instance, you can "
"do this:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:222
#, no-wrap
msgid "$B< cd /proc/20/cwd; /bin/pwd>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:233
msgid ""
"Note that the I<pwd> command is often a shell built-in, and might not work "
"properly.  In B<bash>(1), you may use I<pwd\\ -P>."
msgstr ""

#.  The following was still true as at kernel 2.6.13
#.  FIXME Describe /proc/[pid]/seccomp
#.        Added in 2.6.12
#.  FIXME Describe /proc/[pid]/sessionid
#.        Added in 2.6.25; read-only; only readable by real UID
#.        CONFIG_AUDITSYSCALL
#.  FIXME Describe /proc/[pid]/sched
#.        Added in 2.6.23
#.        CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG, and additional fields if CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
#.        Displays various scheduling parameters
#.        This file can be written, to reset stats
#.  FIXME Describe /proc/[pid]/schedstats and
#.        /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/schedstats
#.        Added in 2.6.9
#.        CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:239 build/C/man5/proc.5:1034
msgid ""
"In a multithreaded process, the contents of this symbolic link are not "
"available if the main thread has already terminated (typically by calling "
"B<pthread_exit>(3))."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:239
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/environ>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:245
msgid ""
"This file contains the environment for the process.  The entries are "
"separated by null bytes (\\(aq\\e0\\(aq), and there may be a null byte at "
"the end.  Thus, to print out the environment of process 1, you would do:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:250
#, no-wrap
msgid "$B< strings /proc/1/environ>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:253
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/exe>"
msgstr ""

#.  The following was still true as at kernel 2.6.13
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:268
msgid ""
"Under Linux 2.2 and later, this file is a symbolic link containing the "
"actual pathname of the executed command.  This symbolic link can be "
"dereferenced normally; attempting to open it will open the executable.  You "
"can even type I</proc/[pid]/exe> to run another copy of the same executable "
"as is being run by process [pid].  In a multithreaded process, the contents "
"of this symbolic link are not available if the main thread has already "
"terminated (typically by calling B<pthread_exit>(3))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:276
msgid ""
"Under Linux 2.0 and earlier I</proc/[pid]/exe> is a pointer to the binary "
"which was executed, and appears as a symbolic link.  A B<readlink>(2)  call "
"on this file under Linux 2.0 returns a string in the format:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:278
#, no-wrap
msgid "    [device]:inode\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:281
msgid ""
"For example, [0301]:1502 would be inode 1502 on device major 03 (IDE, MFM, "
"etc. drives) minor 01 (first partition on the first drive)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:286
msgid "B<find>(1)  with the I<-inum> option can be used to locate the file."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:286
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/fd/>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:292
msgid ""
"This is a subdirectory containing one entry for each file which the process "
"has open, named by its file descriptor, and which is a symbolic link to the "
"actual file.  Thus, 0 is standard input, 1 standard output, 2 standard "
"error, and so on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:299
msgid ""
"For file descriptors for pipes and sockets, the entries will be symbolic "
"links whose content is the file type with the inode.  A B<readlink>(2)  call "
"on this file returns a string in the format:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:301
#, no-wrap
msgid "    type:[inode]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:308
msgid ""
"For example, I<socket:[2248868]> will be a socket and its inode is 2248868.  "
"For sockets, that inode can be used to find more information in one of the "
"files under I</proc/net/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:318
msgid ""
"For file descriptors that have no corresponding inode (e.g., file "
"descriptors produced by B<epoll_create>(2), B<eventfd>(2), "
"B<inotify_init>(2), B<signalfd>(2), and B<timerfd>(2)), the entry will be a "
"symbolic link with contents of the form"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:320
#, no-wrap
msgid "    anon_inode:E<lt>file-typeE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:324
msgid "In some cases, the I<file-type> is surrounded by square brackets."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:328
msgid ""
"For example, an epoll file descriptor will have a symbolic link whose "
"content is the string I<anon_inode:[eventpoll]>."
msgstr ""

#. The following was still true as at kernel 2.6.13
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:334
msgid ""
"In a multithreaded process, the contents of this directory are not available "
"if the main thread has already terminated (typically by calling "
"B<pthread_exit>(3))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:347
msgid ""
"Programs that will take a filename as a command-line argument, but will not "
"take input from standard input if no argument is supplied, or that write to "
"a file named as a command-line argument, but will not send their output to "
"standard output if no argument is supplied, can nevertheless be made to use "
"standard input or standard out using I</proc/[pid]/fd>.  For example, "
"assuming that I<-i> is the flag designating an input file and I<-o> is the "
"flag designating an output file:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:351
#, no-wrap
msgid "$B< foobar -i /proc/self/fd/0 -o /proc/self/fd/1 ...>\n"
msgstr ""

#.  The following is not true in my tests (MTK):
#.  Note that this will not work for
#.  programs that seek on their files, as the files in the fd directory
#.  are not seekable.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:359
msgid "and you have a working filter."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:369
msgid ""
"I</proc/self/fd/N> is approximately the same as I</dev/fd/N> in some UNIX "
"and UNIX-like systems.  Most Linux MAKEDEV scripts symbolically link "
"I</dev/fd> to I</proc/self/fd>, in fact."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:383
msgid ""
"Most systems provide symbolic links I</dev/stdin>, I</dev/stdout>, and "
"I</dev/stderr>, which respectively link to the files I<0>, I<1>, and I<2> in "
"I</proc/self/fd>.  Thus the example command above could be written as:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:387
#, no-wrap
msgid "$B< foobar -i /dev/stdin -o /dev/stdout ...>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:392
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/fdinfo/> (since kernel 2.6.22)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:398
msgid ""
"This is a subdirectory containing one entry for each file which the process "
"has open, named by its file descriptor.  The contents of each file can be "
"read to obtain information about the corresponding file descriptor, for "
"example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:404
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$B< cat /proc/12015/fdinfo/4>\n"
"pos:    1000\n"
"flags:  01002002\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:415
msgid ""
"The I<pos> field is a decimal number showing the current file offset.  The "
"I<flags> field is an octal number that displays the file access mode and "
"file status flags (see B<open>(2))."
msgstr ""

#.  FIXME
#.  Certain file types include additional info; see
#.  Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
#
#.  Especially interesting is this:
#
#.      commit ab49bdecc3ebb46ab661f5f05d5c5ea9606406c6
#.      Author: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
#.      Date:   Mon Dec 17 16:05:06 2012 -0800
#
#.  Basically, the /proc/PID/fdinfo/ entry for an inotify FD
#.  includes the file handles for all watched FDs
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:430
msgid "The files in this directory are readable only by the owner of the process."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:430
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/io> (since kernel 2.6.20)"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 7c3ab7381e79dfc7db14a67c6f4f3285664e1ec2
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:434
msgid "This file contains I/O statistics for the process, for example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:445
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#B< cat /proc/3828/io>\n"
"rchar: 323934931\n"
"wchar: 323929600\n"
"syscr: 632687\n"
"syscw: 632675\n"
"read_bytes: 0\n"
"write_bytes: 323932160\n"
"cancelled_write_bytes: 0\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:449 build/C/man5/proc.5:1460
msgid "The fields are as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:450
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<rchar>: characters read"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:460
msgid ""
"The number of bytes which this task has caused to be read from storage.  "
"This is simply the sum of bytes which this process passed to B<read>(2)  and "
"similar system calls.  It includes things such as terminal I/O and is "
"unaffected by whether or not actual physical disk I/O was required (the read "
"might have been satisfied from pagecache)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:460
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<wchar>: characters written"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:466
msgid ""
"The number of bytes which this task has caused, or shall cause to be written "
"to disk.  Similar caveats apply here as with I<rchar>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:466
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<syscr>: read syscalls"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:473
msgid ""
"Attempt to count the number of read I/O operations\\(emthat is, system calls "
"such as B<read>(2)  and B<pread>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:473
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<syscw>: write syscalls"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:480
msgid ""
"Attempt to count the number of write I/O operations\\(emthat is, system "
"calls such as B<write>(2)  and B<pwrite>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:480
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<read_bytes>: bytes read"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:485
msgid ""
"Attempt to count the number of bytes which this process really did cause to "
"be fetched from the storage layer.  This is accurate for block-backed "
"filesystems."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:485
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<write_bytes>: bytes written"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:489
msgid ""
"Attempt to count the number of bytes which this process caused to be sent to "
"the storage layer."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:489
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<cancelled_write_bytes>:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:503
msgid ""
"The big inaccuracy here is truncate.  If a process writes 1MB to a file and "
"then deletes the file, it will in fact perform no writeout.  But it will "
"have been accounted as having caused 1MB of write.  In other words: this "
"field represents the number of bytes which this process caused to not "
"happen, by truncating pagecache.  A task can cause \"negative\" I/O too.  If "
"this task truncates some dirty pagecache, some I/O which another task has "
"been accounted for (in its I<write_bytes>)  will not be happening."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:511
msgid ""
"I<Note>: In the current implementation, things are a bit racy on 32-bit "
"systems: if process A reads process B's I</proc/[pid]/io> while process B is "
"updating one of these 64-bit counters, process A could see an intermediate "
"result."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:511
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/limits> (since kernel 2.6.24)"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 3036e7b490bf7878c6dae952eec5fb87b1106589
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:521
msgid ""
"This file displays the soft limit, hard limit, and units of measurement for "
"each of the process's resource limits (see B<getrlimit>(2)).  Up to and "
"including Linux 2.6.35, this file is protected to allow reading only by the "
"real UID of the process.  Since Linux 2.6.36, this file is readable by all "
"users on the system."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:521
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/map_files/> (since kernel 3.3)"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 640708a2cff7f81e246243b0073c66e6ece7e53e
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:531
msgid ""
"This subdirectory contains entries corresponding to memory-mapped files (see "
"B<mmap>(2)).  Entries are named by memory region start and end address pair "
"(expressed as hexadecimal numbers), and are symbolic links to the mapped "
"files themselves.  Here is an example, with the output wrapped and "
"reformatted to fit on an 80-column display:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:538
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$B< ls -l /proc/self/map_files/>\n"
"lr--------. 1 root root 64 Apr 16 21:31\n"
"            3252e00000-3252e20000 -E<gt> /usr/lib64/ld-2.15.so\n"
"\\&...\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:552
msgid ""
"Although these entries are present for memory regions that were mapped with "
"the B<MAP_FILE> flag, the way anonymous shared memory (regions created with "
"the B<MAP_ANON | MAP_SHARED> flags)  is implemented in Linux means that such "
"regions also appear on this directory.  Here is an example where the target "
"file is the deleted I</dev/zero> one:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:558
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"lrw-------. 1 root root 64 Apr 16 21:33\n"
"            7fc075d2f000-7fc075e6f000 -E<gt> /dev/zero (deleted)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:564
msgid ""
"This directory appears only if the B<CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE> kernel "
"configuration option is enabled."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:564
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/maps>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:571
msgid ""
"A file containing the currently mapped memory regions and their access "
"permissions.  See B<mmap>(2)  for some further information about memory "
"mappings."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:573
msgid "The format of the file is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:598
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<address           perms offset  dev   inode       pathname>\n"
"00400000-00452000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 173521      /usr/bin/dbus-daemon\n"
"00651000-00652000 r--p 00051000 08:02 173521      /usr/bin/dbus-daemon\n"
"00652000-00655000 rw-p 00052000 08:02 173521      /usr/bin/dbus-daemon\n"
"00e03000-00e24000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0           [heap]\n"
"00e24000-011f7000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0           [heap]\n"
"\\&...\n"
"35b1800000-35b1820000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 135522  /usr/lib64/ld-2.15.so\n"
"35b1a1f000-35b1a20000 r--p 0001f000 08:02 135522  /usr/lib64/ld-2.15.so\n"
"35b1a20000-35b1a21000 rw-p 00020000 08:02 135522  /usr/lib64/ld-2.15.so\n"
"35b1a21000-35b1a22000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0\n"
"35b1c00000-35b1dac000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 135870  /usr/lib64/libc-2.15.so\n"
"35b1dac000-35b1fac000 ---p 001ac000 08:02 135870  /usr/lib64/libc-2.15.so\n"
"35b1fac000-35b1fb0000 r--p 001ac000 08:02 135870  /usr/lib64/libc-2.15.so\n"
"35b1fb0000-35b1fb2000 rw-p 001b0000 08:02 135870  /usr/lib64/libc-2.15.so\n"
"\\&...\n"
"f2c6ff8c000-7f2c7078c000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0    [stack:986]\n"
"\\&...\n"
"7fffb2c0d000-7fffb2c2e000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0   [stack]\n"
"7fffb2d48000-7fffb2d49000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0   [vdso]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:607
msgid ""
"The I<address> field is the address space in the process that the mapping "
"occupies.  The I<perms> field is a set of permissions:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:615
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"r = read\n"
"w = write\n"
"x = execute\n"
"s = shared\n"
"p = private (copy on write)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:628
msgid ""
"The I<offset> field is the offset into the file/whatever; I<dev> is the "
"device (major:minor); I<inode> is the inode on that device.  0 indicates "
"that no inode is associated with the memory region, as would be the case "
"with BSS (uninitialized data)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:638
msgid ""
"The I<pathname> field will usually be the file that is backing the mapping.  "
"For ELF files, you can easily coordinate with the I<offset> field by looking "
"at the Offset field in the ELF program headers (I<readelf\\ -l>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:640
msgid "There are additional helpful pseudo-paths:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:641
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<[stack]>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:644
msgid "The initial process's (also known as the main thread's) stack."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:644
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<[stack:E<lt>tidE<gt>]> (since Linux 3.4)"
msgstr ""

#.  commit b76437579d1344b612cf1851ae610c636cec7db0
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:653
msgid ""
"A thread's stack (where the I<E<lt>tidE<gt>> is a thread ID).  It "
"corresponds to the I</proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/> path."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:653
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<[vdso]>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:656
msgid "The virtual dynamically linked shared object."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:656
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<[heap]>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:659
msgid "The process's heap."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:673
msgid ""
"If the I<pathname> field is blank, this is an anonymous mapping as obtained "
"via the B<mmap>(2)  function.  There is no easy way to coordinate this back "
"to a process's source, short of running it through B<gdb>(1), B<strace>(1), "
"or similar."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:675
msgid "Under Linux 2.0 there is no field giving pathname."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:675
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/mem>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:682
msgid ""
"This file can be used to access the pages of a process's memory through "
"B<open>(2), B<read>(2), and B<lseek>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:682
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/mountinfo> (since Linux 2.6.26)"
msgstr ""

#.  This info adapted from Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:687
msgid ""
"This file contains information about mount points.  It contains lines of the "
"form:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:692
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"CW<36 35 98:0 /mnt1 /mnt2 rw,noatime master:1 - ext3 /dev/root "
"rw,errors=continue\n"
"(1)(2)(3)   (4)   (5)      (6)      (7)   (8) (9)   (10)         (11)>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:696
msgid "The numbers in parentheses are labels for the descriptions below:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:697 build/C/man5/proc.5:790
#, no-wrap
msgid "(1)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:701
msgid "mount ID: unique identifier of the mount (may be reused after B<umount>(2))."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:701 build/C/man5/proc.5:794
#, no-wrap
msgid "(2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:704
msgid "parent ID: ID of parent mount (or of self for the top of the mount tree)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:704 build/C/man5/proc.5:797
#, no-wrap
msgid "(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:710
msgid "major:minor: value of I<st_dev> for files on filesystem (see B<stat>(2))."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:710 build/C/man5/proc.5:800
#, no-wrap
msgid "(4)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:713
msgid "root: root of the mount within the filesystem."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:713
#, no-wrap
msgid "(5)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:716
msgid "mount point: mount point relative to the process's root."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:716
#, no-wrap
msgid "(6)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:719
msgid "mount options: per-mount options."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:719
#, no-wrap
msgid "(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:722
msgid "optional fields: zero or more fields of the form \"tag[:value]\"."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:722
#, no-wrap
msgid "(8)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:725
msgid "separator: marks the end of the optional fields."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:725
#, no-wrap
msgid "(9)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:728
msgid "filesystem type: name of filesystem in the form \"type[.subtype]\"."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:728
#, no-wrap
msgid "(10)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:731
msgid "mount source: filesystem-specific information or \"none\"."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:731
#, no-wrap
msgid "(11)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:734
msgid "super options: per-superblock options."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:738
msgid ""
"Parsers should ignore all unrecognized optional fields.  Currently the "
"possible optional fields are:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:739
#, no-wrap
msgid "shared:X"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:742
msgid "mount is shared in peer group X"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:742
#, no-wrap
msgid "master:X"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:745
msgid "mount is slave to peer group X"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:745
#, no-wrap
msgid "propagate_from:X"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:748
msgid "mount is slave and receives propagation from peer group X (*)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:748
#, no-wrap
msgid "unbindable"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:751
msgid "mount is unbindable"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:758
msgid ""
"(*) X is the closest dominant peer group under the process's root.  If X is "
"the immediate master of the mount, or if there is no dominant peer group "
"under the same root, then only the \"master:X\" field is present and not the "
"\"propagate_from:X\" field."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:762
msgid ""
"For more information on mount propagation see: "
"I<Documentation/filesystems/sharedsubtree.txt> in the Linux kernel source "
"tree."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:762
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/mounts> (since Linux 2.4.19)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:777
msgid ""
"This is a list of all the filesystems currently mounted in the process's "
"mount namespace.  The format of this file is documented in B<fstab>(5).  "
"Since kernel version 2.6.15, this file is pollable: after opening the file "
"for reading, a change in this file (i.e., a filesystem mount or unmount) "
"causes B<select>(2)  to mark the file descriptor as readable, and B<poll>(2)  "
"and B<epoll_wait>(2)  mark the file as having an error condition."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:777
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/mountstats> (since Linux 2.6.17)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:782
msgid ""
"This file exports information (statistics, configuration information)  about "
"the mount points in the process's name space.  Lines in this file have the "
"form:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:786
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"device /dev/sda7 mounted on /home with fstype ext3 [statistics]\n"
"(       1      )            ( 2 )             (3 ) (4)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:789
msgid "The fields in each line are:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:794
msgid ""
"The name of the mounted device (or \"nodevice\" if there is no corresponding "
"device)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:797
msgid "The mount point within the filesystem tree."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:800
msgid "The filesystem type."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:805
msgid ""
"Optional statistics and configuration information.  Currently (as at Linux "
"2.6.26), only NFS filesystems export information via this field."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:808
msgid "This file is readable only by the owner of the process."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:808
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/ns/> (since Linux 3.0)"
msgstr ""

#.  See commit 6b4e306aa3dc94a0545eb9279475b1ab6209a31f
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:816
msgid ""
"This is a subdirectory containing one entry for each namespace that supports "
"being manipulated by B<setns>(2).  For information about namespaces, see "
"B<clone>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:816
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/ns/ipc> (since Linux 3.0)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:824
msgid ""
"Bind mounting this file (see B<mount>(2))  to somewhere else in the "
"filesystem keeps the IPC namespace of the process specified by I<pid> alive "
"even if all processes currently in the namespace terminate."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:833
msgid ""
"Opening this file returns a file handle for the IPC namespace of the process "
"specified by I<pid>.  As long as this file descriptor remains open, the IPC "
"namespace will remain alive, even if all processes in the namespace "
"terminate.  The file descriptor can be passed to B<setns>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:833
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/ns/net> (since Linux 3.0)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:841
msgid ""
"Bind mounting this file (see B<mount>(2))  to somewhere else in the "
"filesystem keeps the network namespace of the process specified by I<pid> "
"alive even if all processes in the namespace terminate."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:850
msgid ""
"Opening this file returns a file handle for the network namespace of the "
"process specified by I<pid>.  As long as this file descriptor remains open, "
"the network namespace will remain alive, even if all processes in the "
"namespace terminate.  The file descriptor can be passed to B<setns>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:850
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/ns/uts> (since Linux 3.0)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:858
msgid ""
"Bind mounting this file (see B<mount>(2))  to somewhere else in the "
"filesystem keeps the UTS namespace of the process specified by I<pid> alive "
"even if all processes currently in the namespace terminate."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:867
msgid ""
"Opening this file returns a file handle for the UTS namespace of the process "
"specified by I<pid>.  As long as this file descriptor remains open, the UTS "
"namespace will remain alive, even if all processes in the namespace "
"terminate.  The file descriptor can be passed to B<setns>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:867
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/numa_maps> (since Linux 2.6.14)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:871
msgid "See B<numa>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:871
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/oom_adj> (since Linux 2.6.11)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:884
msgid ""
"This file can be used to adjust the score used to select which process "
"should be killed in an out-of-memory (OOM) situation.  The kernel uses this "
"value for a bit-shift operation of the process's I<oom_score> value: valid "
"values are in the range -16 to +15, plus the special value -17, which "
"disables OOM-killing altogether for this process.  A positive score "
"increases the likelihood of this process being killed by the OOM-killer; a "
"negative score decreases the likelihood."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:892
msgid ""
"The default value for this file is 0; a new process inherits its parent's "
"I<oom_adj> setting.  A process must be privileged (B<CAP_SYS_RESOURCE>)  to "
"update this file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:895
msgid ""
"Since Linux 2.6.36, use of this file is deprecated in favor of "
"I</proc/[pid]/oom_score_adj>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:895
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/oom_score> (since Linux 2.6.11)"
msgstr ""

#.  See mm/oom_kill.c::badness() in the 2.6.25 sources
#.  See mm/oom_kill.c::badness() in the 2.6.25 sources
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:906
msgid ""
"This file displays the current score that the kernel gives to this process "
"for the purpose of selecting a process for the OOM-killer.  A higher score "
"means that the process is more likely to be selected by the OOM-killer.  The "
"basis for this score is the amount of memory used by the process, with "
"increases (+) or decreases (-) for factors including:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:911
msgid "whether the process creates a lot of children using B<fork>(2)  (+);"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:914
msgid ""
"whether the process has been running a long time, or has used a lot of CPU "
"time (-);"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:916
msgid "whether the process has a low nice value (i.e., E<gt> 0) (+);"
msgstr ""

#.  More precisely, if it has CAP_SYS_ADMIN or CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:919
msgid "whether the process is privileged (-); and"
msgstr ""

#.  More precisely, if it has CAP_SYS_RAWIO
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:922
msgid "whether the process is making direct hardware access (-)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:931
msgid ""
"The I<oom_score> also reflects the adjustment specified by the "
"I<oom_score_adj> or I<oom_adj> setting for the process."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:931
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/oom_score_adj> (since Linux 2.6.36)"
msgstr ""

#.  Text taken from 3.7 Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:936
msgid ""
"This file can be used to adjust the badness heuristic used to select which "
"process gets killed in out-of-memory conditions."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:945
msgid ""
"The badness heuristic assigns a value to each candidate task ranging from 0 "
"(never kill) to 1000 (always kill) to determine which process is targeted.  "
"The units are roughly a proportion along that range of allowed memory the "
"process may allocate from, based on an estimation of its current memory and "
"swap use.  For example, if a task is using all allowed memory, its badness "
"score will be 1000.  If it is using half of its allowed memory, its score "
"will be 500."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:948
msgid ""
"There is an additional factor included in the badness score: root processes "
"are given 3% extra memory over other tasks."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:962
msgid ""
"The amount of \"allowed\" memory depends on the context in which the "
"OOM-killer was called.  If it is due to the memory assigned to the "
"allocating task's cpuset being exhausted, the allowed memory represents the "
"set of mems assigned to that cpuset (see B<cpuset>(7)).  If it is due to a "
"mempolicy's node(s) being exhausted, the allowed memory represents the set "
"of mempolicy nodes.  If it is due to a memory limit (or swap limit) being "
"reached, the allowed memory is that configured limit.  Finally, if it is due "
"to the entire system being out of memory, the allowed memory represents all "
"allocatable resources."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:975
msgid ""
"The value of I<oom_score_adj> is added to the badness score before it is "
"used to determine which task to kill.  Acceptable values range from -1000 "
"(OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MIN) to +1000 (OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX).  This allows user space to "
"control the preference for OOM-killing, ranging from always preferring a "
"certain task or completely disabling it from OOM-killing.  The lowest "
"possible value, -1000, is equivalent to disabling OOM-killing entirely for "
"that task, since it will always report a badness score of 0."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:987
msgid ""
"Consequently, it is very simple for user space to define the amount of "
"memory to consider for each task.  Setting a I<oom_score_adj> value of +500, "
"for example, is roughly equivalent to allowing the remainder of tasks "
"sharing the same system, cpuset, mempolicy, or memory controller resources "
"to use at least 50% more memory.  A value of -500, on the other hand, would "
"be roughly equivalent to discounting 50% of the task's allowed memory from "
"being considered as scoring against the task."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:994
msgid ""
"For backward compatibility with previous kernels, I</proc/[pid]/oom_adj> can "
"still be used to tune the badness score.  Its value is scaled linearly with "
"I<oom_score_adj>."
msgstr ""

#.  FIXME Describe /proc/[pid]/pagemap
#.        Added in 2.6.25
#.        CONFIG_PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1003
msgid ""
"Writing to I</proc/[pid]/oom_score_adj> or I</proc/[pid]/oom_adj> will "
"change the other with its scaled value."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1003
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/root>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1014
msgid ""
"UNIX and Linux support the idea of a per-process root of the filesystem, set "
"by the B<chroot>(2)  system call.  This file is a symbolic link that points "
"to the process's root directory, and behaves in the same way as I<exe>, and "
"I<fd/*>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1034
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/smaps> (since Linux 2.6.14)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1038
msgid ""
"This file shows memory consumption for each of the process's mappings.  For "
"each mapping there is a series of lines such as the following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1056
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"00400000-0048a000 r-xp 00000000 fd:03 960637       /bin/bash\n"
"Size:                552 kB\n"
"Rss:                 460 kB\n"
"Pss:                 100 kB\n"
"Shared_Clean:        452 kB\n"
"Shared_Dirty:          0 kB\n"
"Private_Clean:         8 kB\n"
"Private_Dirty:         0 kB\n"
"Referenced:          460 kB\n"
"Anonymous:             0 kB\n"
"AnonHugePages:         0 kB\n"
"Swap:                  0 kB\n"
"KernelPageSize:        4 kB\n"
"MMUPageSize:           4 kB\n"
"Locked:                0 kB\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1073
msgid ""
"The first of these lines shows the same information as is displayed for the "
"mapping in I</proc/[pid]/maps>.  The remaining lines show the size of the "
"mapping, the amount of the mapping that is currently resident in RAM "
"(\"Rss\"), the process' proportional share of this mapping (\"Pss\"), the "
"number of clean and dirty shared pages in the mapping, and the number of "
"clean and dirty private pages in the mapping.  \"Referenced\" indicates the "
"amount of memory currently marked as referenced or accessed.  \"Anonymous\" "
"shows the amount of memory that does not belong to any file.  \"Swap\" shows "
"how much would-be-anonymous memory is also used, but out on swap."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1081
msgid ""
"The \"KernelPageSize\" entry is the page size used by the kernel to back a "
"VMA.  This matches the size used by the MMU in the majority of cases.  "
"However, one counter-example occurs on PPC64 kernels whereby a kernel using "
"64K as a base page size may still use 4K pages for the MMU on older "
"processors.  To distinguish, this patch reports \"MMUPageSize\" as the page "
"size used by the MMU."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1084
msgid "The \"Locked\" indicates whether the mapping is locked in memory or not."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1088
msgid ""
"\"VmFlags\" field represents the kernel flags associated with the particular "
"virtual memory area in two letter encoded manner.  The codes are the "
"following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1117
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    rd  - readable\n"
"    wr  - writable\n"
"    ex  - executable\n"
"    sh  - shared\n"
"    mr  - may read\n"
"    mw  - may write\n"
"    me  - may execute\n"
"    ms  - may share\n"
"    gd  - stack segment growns down\n"
"    pf  - pure PFN range\n"
"    dw  - disabled write to the mapped file\n"
"    lo  - pages are locked in memory\n"
"    io  - memory mapped I/O area\n"
"    sr  - sequential read advise provided\n"
"    rr  - random read advise provided\n"
"    dc  - do not copy area on fork\n"
"    de  - do not expand area on remapping\n"
"    ac  - area is accountable\n"
"    nr  - swap space is not reserved for the area\n"
"    ht  - area uses huge tlb pages\n"
"    nl  - non-linear mapping\n"
"    ar  - architecture specific flag\n"
"    dd  - do not include area into core dump\n"
"    sd  - soft-dirty flag\n"
"    mm  - mixed map area\n"
"    hg  - huge page advise flag\n"
"    nh  - no-huge page advise flag\n"
"    mg  - mergable advise flag\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1123
msgid ""
"The I</proc/[pid]/smaps> file is present only if the "
"B<CONFIG_PROC_PAGE_MONITOR> kernel configuration option is enabled."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1123
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/stack> (since Linux 2.6.29)"
msgstr ""

#.  2ec220e27f5040aec1e88901c1b6ea3d135787ad
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1131
msgid ""
"This file provides a symbolic trace of the function calls in this process's "
"kernel stack.  This file is provided only if the kernel was built with the "
"B<CONFIG_STACKTRACE> configuration option."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1131
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/stat>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1138
msgid ""
"Status information about the process.  This is used by B<ps>(1).  It is "
"defined in I</usr/src/linux/fs/proc/array.c>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1142
msgid "The fields, in order, with their proper B<scanf>(3)  format specifiers, are:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1143
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<pid> %d"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1146
msgid "(1) The process ID."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1146
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<comm> %s"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1150
msgid ""
"(2) The filename of the executable, in parentheses.  This is visible whether "
"or not the executable is swapped out."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1150
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<state> %c"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1156
msgid ""
"(3) One character from the string \"RSDZTW\" where R is running, S is "
"sleeping in an interruptible wait, D is waiting in uninterruptible disk "
"sleep, Z is zombie, T is traced or stopped (on a signal), and W is paging."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1156
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<ppid> %d"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1159
msgid "(4) The PID of the parent."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1159
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<pgrp> %d"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1162
msgid "(5) The process group ID of the process."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1162
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<session> %d"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1165
msgid "(6) The session ID of the process."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1165
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<tty_nr> %d"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1171
msgid ""
"(7) The controlling terminal of the process.  (The minor device number is "
"contained in the combination of bits 31 to 20 and 7 to 0; the major device "
"number is in bits 15 to 8.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1171
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<tpgid> %d"
msgstr ""

#.  This field and following, up to and including wchan added 0.99.1
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1176
msgid ""
"(8) The ID of the foreground process group of the controlling terminal of "
"the process."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1176
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<flags> %u (%lu before Linux 2.6.22)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1183
msgid ""
"(9) The kernel flags word of the process.  For bit meanings, see the PF_* "
"defines in the Linux kernel source file I<include/linux/sched.h>.  Details "
"depend on the kernel version."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1183
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<minflt> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1187
msgid ""
"(10) The number of minor faults the process has made which have not required "
"loading a memory page from disk."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1187
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<cminflt> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1191
msgid ""
"(11) The number of minor faults that the process's waited-for children have "
"made."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1191
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<majflt> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1195
msgid ""
"(12) The number of major faults the process has made which have required "
"loading a memory page from disk."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1195
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<cmajflt> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1199
msgid ""
"(13) The number of major faults that the process's waited-for children have "
"made."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1199
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<utime> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1208
msgid ""
"(14) Amount of time that this process has been scheduled in user mode, "
"measured in clock ticks (divide by I<sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK)>).  This includes "
"guest time, I<guest_time> (time spent running a virtual CPU, see below), so "
"that applications that are not aware of the guest time field do not lose "
"that time from their calculations."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1208
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<stime> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1213
msgid ""
"(15) Amount of time that this process has been scheduled in kernel mode, "
"measured in clock ticks (divide by I<sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK)>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1213
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<cutime> %ld"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1223
msgid ""
"(16) Amount of time that this process's waited-for children have been "
"scheduled in user mode, measured in clock ticks (divide by "
"I<sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK)>).  (See also B<times>(2).)  This includes guest "
"time, I<cguest_time> (time spent running a virtual CPU, see below)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1223
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<cstime> %ld"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1229
msgid ""
"(17) Amount of time that this process's waited-for children have been "
"scheduled in kernel mode, measured in clock ticks (divide by "
"I<sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK)>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1229
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<priority> %ld"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1246
msgid ""
"(18) (Explanation for Linux 2.6)  For processes running a real-time "
"scheduling policy (I<policy> below; see B<sched_setscheduler>(2)), this is "
"the negated scheduling priority, minus one; that is, a number in the range "
"-2 to -100, corresponding to real-time priorities 1 to 99.  For processes "
"running under a non-real-time scheduling policy, this is the raw nice value "
"(B<setpriority>(2))  as represented in the kernel.  The kernel stores nice "
"values as numbers in the range 0 (high) to 39 (low), corresponding to the "
"user-visible nice range of -20 to 19."
msgstr ""

#.  And back in kernel 1.2 days things were different again.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1250
msgid ""
"Before Linux 2.6, this was a scaled value based on the scheduler weighting "
"given to this process."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1250
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<nice> %ld"
msgstr ""

#.  Back in kernel 1.2 days things were different.
#.  .TP
#.  \fIcounter\fP %ld
#.  The current maximum size in jiffies of the process's next timeslice,
#.  or what is currently left of its current timeslice, if it is the
#.  currently running process.
#.  .TP
#.  \fItimeout\fP %u
#.  The time in jiffies of the process's next timeout.
#.  timeout was removed sometime around 2.1/2.2
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1265
msgid ""
"(19) The nice value (see B<setpriority>(2)), a value in the range 19 (low "
"priority) to -20 (high priority)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1265
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<num_threads> %ld"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1270
msgid ""
"(20) Number of threads in this process (since Linux 2.6).  Before kernel "
"2.6, this field was hard coded to 0 as a placeholder for an earlier removed "
"field."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1270
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<itrealvalue> %ld"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1277
msgid ""
"(21) The time in jiffies before the next B<SIGALRM> is sent to the process "
"due to an interval timer.  Since kernel 2.6.17, this field is no longer "
"maintained, and is hard coded as 0."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1277
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<starttime> %llu (was %lu before Linux 2.6)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1283
msgid ""
"(22) The time the process started after system boot.  In kernels before "
"Linux 2.6, this value was expressed in jiffies.  Since Linux 2.6, the value "
"is expressed in clock ticks (divide by I<sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK)>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1283
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<vsize> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1286
msgid "(23) Virtual memory size in bytes."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1286
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<rss> %ld"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1293
msgid ""
"(24) Resident Set Size: number of pages the process has in real memory.  "
"This is just the pages which count toward text, data, or stack space.  This "
"does not include pages which have not been demand-loaded in, or which are "
"swapped out."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1293
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<rsslim> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1300
msgid ""
"(25) Current soft limit in bytes on the rss of the process; see the "
"description of B<RLIMIT_RSS> in B<getrlimit>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1300
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<startcode> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1303
msgid "(26) The address above which program text can run."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1303
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<endcode> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1306
msgid "(27) The address below which program text can run."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1306
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<startstack> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1309
msgid "(28) The address of the start (i.e., bottom) of the stack."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1309
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<kstkesp> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1313
msgid ""
"(29) The current value of ESP (stack pointer), as found in the kernel stack "
"page for the process."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1313
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<kstkeip> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1316
msgid "(30) The current EIP (instruction pointer)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1316
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<signal> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1322
msgid ""
"(31) The bitmap of pending signals, displayed as a decimal number.  "
"Obsolete, because it does not provide information on real-time signals; use "
"I</proc/[pid]/status> instead."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1322
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<blocked> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1328
msgid ""
"(32) The bitmap of blocked signals, displayed as a decimal number.  "
"Obsolete, because it does not provide information on real-time signals; use "
"I</proc/[pid]/status> instead."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1328
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<sigignore> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1334
msgid ""
"(33) The bitmap of ignored signals, displayed as a decimal number.  "
"Obsolete, because it does not provide information on real-time signals; use "
"I</proc/[pid]/status> instead."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1334
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<sigcatch> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1340
msgid ""
"(34) The bitmap of caught signals, displayed as a decimal number.  Obsolete, "
"because it does not provide information on real-time signals; use "
"I</proc/[pid]/status> instead."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1340
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<wchan> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1346
msgid ""
"(35) This is the \"channel\" in which the process is waiting.  It is the "
"address of a location in the kernel where the process is sleeping.  The "
"corresponding symbolic name can be found in I</proc/[pid]/wchan>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1346
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<nswap> %lu"
msgstr ""

#.  nswap was added in 2.0
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1351
msgid "(36)  Number of pages swapped (not maintained)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1351
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<cnswap> %lu"
msgstr ""

#.  cnswap was added in 2.0
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1356
msgid "(37)  Cumulative I<nswap> for child processes (not maintained)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1356
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<exit_signal> %d (since Linux 2.1.22)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1359
msgid "(38) Signal to be sent to parent when we die."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1359
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<processor> %d (since Linux 2.2.8)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1362
msgid "(39) CPU number last executed on."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1362
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<rt_priority> %u (since Linux 2.5.19; was %lu before Linux 2.6.22)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1368
msgid ""
"(40) Real-time scheduling priority, a number in the range 1 to 99 for "
"processes scheduled under a real-time policy, or 0, for non-real-time "
"processes (see B<sched_setscheduler>(2))."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1368
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<policy> %u (since Linux 2.5.19; was %lu before Linux 2.6.22)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1374
msgid ""
"(41) Scheduling policy (see B<sched_setscheduler>(2)).  Decode using the "
"SCHED_* constants in I<linux/sched.h>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1374
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<delayacct_blkio_ticks> %llu (since Linux 2.6.18)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1377
msgid "(42) Aggregated block I/O delays, measured in clock ticks (centiseconds)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1377
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<guest_time> %lu (since Linux 2.6.24)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1382
msgid ""
"(43) Guest time of the process (time spent running a virtual CPU for a guest "
"operating system), measured in clock ticks (divide by "
"I<sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK)>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1382
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<cguest_time> %ld (since Linux 2.6.24)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1386
msgid ""
"(44) Guest time of the process's children, measured in clock ticks (divide "
"by I<sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK)>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1387
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/statm>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1391
msgid ""
"Provides information about memory usage, measured in pages.  The columns "
"are:"
msgstr ""

#.  (not including libs; broken, includes data segment)
#.  (including libs; broken, includes library text)
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1405
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"size       (1) total program size\n"
"           (same as VmSize in I</proc/[pid]/status>)\n"
"resident   (2) resident set size\n"
"           (same as VmRSS in I</proc/[pid]/status>)\n"
"share      (3) shared pages (i.e., backed by a file)\n"
"text       (4) text (code)\n"
"lib        (5) library (unused in Linux 2.6)\n"
"data       (6) data + stack\n"
"dt         (7) dirty pages (unused in Linux 2.6)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1407
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/status>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1415
msgid ""
"Provides much of the information in I</proc/[pid]/stat> and "
"I</proc/[pid]/statm> in a format that's easier for humans to parse.  Here's "
"an example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1456
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$B< cat /proc/$$/status>\n"
"Name:   bash\n"
"State:  S (sleeping)\n"
"Tgid:   3515\n"
"Pid:    3515\n"
"PPid:   3452\n"
"TracerPid:      0\n"
"Uid:    1000    1000    1000    1000\n"
"Gid:    100     100     100     100\n"
"FDSize: 256\n"
"Groups: 16 33 100\n"
"VmPeak:     9136 kB\n"
"VmSize:     7896 kB\n"
"VmLck:         0 kB\n"
"VmHWM:      7572 kB\n"
"VmRSS:      6316 kB\n"
"VmData:     5224 kB\n"
"VmStk:        88 kB\n"
"VmExe:       572 kB\n"
"VmLib:      1708 kB\n"
"VmPTE:        20 kB\n"
"Threads:        1\n"
"SigQ:   0/3067\n"
"SigPnd: 0000000000000000\n"
"ShdPnd: 0000000000000000\n"
"SigBlk: 0000000000010000\n"
"SigIgn: 0000000000384004\n"
"SigCgt: 000000004b813efb\n"
"CapInh: 0000000000000000\n"
"CapPrm: 0000000000000000\n"
"CapEff: 0000000000000000\n"
"CapBnd: ffffffffffffffff\n"
"Cpus_allowed:   00000001\n"
"Cpus_allowed_list:      0\n"
"Mems_allowed:   1\n"
"Mems_allowed_list:      0\n"
"voluntary_ctxt_switches:        150\n"
"nonvoluntary_ctxt_switches:     545\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1464
msgid "I<Name>: Command run by this process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1476
msgid ""
"I<State>: Current state of the process.  One of \"R (running)\", \"S "
"(sleeping)\", \"D (disk sleep)\", \"T (stopped)\", \"T (tracing stop)\", \"Z "
"(zombie)\", or \"X (dead)\"."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1479
msgid "I<Tgid>: Thread group ID (i.e., Process ID)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1483
msgid "I<Pid>: Thread ID (see B<gettid>(2))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1486
msgid "I<PPid>: PID of parent process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1489
msgid "I<TracerPid>: PID of process tracing this process (0 if not being traced)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1492
msgid "I<Uid>, I<Gid>: Real, effective, saved set, and filesystem UIDs (GIDs)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1495
msgid "I<FDSize>: Number of file descriptor slots currently allocated."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1498
msgid "I<Groups>: Supplementary group list."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1501
msgid "I<VmPeak>: Peak virtual memory size."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1504
msgid "I<VmSize>: Virtual memory size."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1508
msgid "I<VmLck>: Locked memory size (see B<mlock>(3))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1511
msgid "I<VmHWM>: Peak resident set size (\"high water mark\")."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1514
msgid "I<VmRSS>: Resident set size."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1517
msgid "I<VmData>, I<VmStk>, I<VmExe>: Size of data, stack, and text segments."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1520
msgid "I<VmLib>: Shared library code size."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1523
msgid "I<VmPTE>: Page table entries size (since Linux 2.6.10)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1526
msgid "I<Threads>: Number of threads in process containing this thread."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1537
msgid ""
"I<SigQ>: This field contains two slash-separated numbers that relate to "
"queued signals for the real user ID of this process.  The first of these is "
"the number of currently queued signals for this real user ID, and the second "
"is the resource limit on the number of queued signals for this process (see "
"the description of B<RLIMIT_SIGPENDING> in B<getrlimit>(2))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1543
msgid ""
"I<SigPnd>, I<ShdPnd>: Number of signals pending for thread and for process "
"as a whole (see B<pthreads>(7)  and B<signal>(7))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1547
msgid ""
"I<SigBlk>, I<SigIgn>, I<SigCgt>: Masks indicating signals being blocked, "
"ignored, and caught (see B<signal>(7))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1552
msgid ""
"I<CapInh>, I<CapPrm>, I<CapEff>: Masks of capabilities enabled in "
"inheritable, permitted, and effective sets (see B<capabilities>(7))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1557
msgid ""
"I<CapBnd>: Capability Bounding set (since kernel 2.6.26, see "
"B<capabilities>(7))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1562
msgid ""
"I<Cpus_allowed>: Mask of CPUs on which this process may run (since Linux "
"2.6.24, see B<cpuset>(7))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1567
msgid ""
"I<Cpus_allowed_list>: Same as previous, but in \"list format\" (since Linux "
"2.6.26, see B<cpuset>(7))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1572
msgid ""
"I<Mems_allowed>: Mask of memory nodes allowed to this process (since Linux "
"2.6.24, see B<cpuset>(7))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1577
msgid ""
"I<Mems_allowed_list>: Same as previous, but in \"list format\" (since Linux "
"2.6.26, see B<cpuset>(7))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1580
msgid ""
"I<voluntary_context_switches>, I<nonvoluntary_context_switches>: Number of "
"voluntary and involuntary context switches (since Linux 2.6.23)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1581
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/task> (since Linux 2.6.0-test6)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1612
msgid ""
"This is a directory that contains one subdirectory for each thread in the "
"process.  The name of each subdirectory is the numerical thread ID "
"(I<[tid]>)  of the thread (see B<gettid>(2)).  Within each of these "
"subdirectories, there is a set of files with the same names and contents as "
"under the I</proc/[pid]> directories.  For attributes that are shared by all "
"threads, the contents for each of the files under the I<task/[tid]> "
"subdirectories will be the same as in the corresponding file in the parent "
"I</proc/[pid]> directory (e.g., in a multithreaded process, all of the "
"I<task/[tid]/cwd> files will have the same value as the I</proc/[pid]/cwd> "
"file in the parent directory, since all of the threads in a process share a "
"working directory).  For attributes that are distinct for each thread, the "
"corresponding files under I<task/[tid]> may have different values (e.g., "
"various fields in each of the I<task/[tid]/status> files may be different "
"for each thread)."
msgstr ""

#.  The following was still true as at kernel 2.6.13
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1619
msgid ""
"In a multithreaded process, the contents of the I</proc/[pid]/task> "
"directory are not available if the main thread has already terminated "
"(typically by calling B<pthread_exit>(3))."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1619
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/wchan> (since Linux 2.6.0)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1623
msgid ""
"The symbolic name corresponding to the location in the kernel where the "
"process is sleeping."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1623
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/apm>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1628
msgid ""
"Advanced power management version and battery information when B<CONFIG_APM> "
"is defined at kernel compilation time."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1628
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/bus>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1631
msgid "Contains subdirectories for installed busses."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1631
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/bus/pccard>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1636
msgid ""
"Subdirectory for PCMCIA devices when B<CONFIG_PCMCIA> is set at kernel "
"compilation time."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1636
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/timers> (since Linux 3.10)"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 5ed67f05f66c41e39880a6d61358438a25f9fee5
#.  commit 48f6a7a511ef8823fdff39afee0320092d43a8a0
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1643
msgid ""
"A list of the POSIX timers for this process.  Each timer is listed with a "
"line that started with the string \"ID:\".  For example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1654
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"ID: 1\n"
"signal: 60/00007fff86e452a8\n"
"notify: signal/pid.2634\n"
"ClockID: 0\n"
"ID: 0\n"
"signal: 60/00007fff86e452a8\n"
"notify: signal/pid.2634\n"
"ClockID: 1\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1658
msgid "The lines shown for each timer have the following meanings:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1659
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<ID>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1670
msgid ""
"The ID for this timer.  This is not the same as the timer ID returned by "
"B<timer_create>(2); rather, it is the same kernel-internal ID that is "
"available via the I<si_timerid> field of the I<siginfo_t> structure (see "
"B<sigaction>(2))."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1670
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<signal>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1677
msgid ""
"This is the signal number that this timer uses to deliver notifications "
"followed by a slash, and then the I<sigev_value.sival_ptr> value supplied to "
"the signal handler.  Valid only for timers that notify via a signal."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1677
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<notify>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1688
msgid ""
"The part before the slash specifies the mechanism that this timer uses to "
"deliver notifications, and is one of \"thread\", \"signal\", or \"none\".  "
"Immediately following the slash is either the string \"tid\" for timers with "
"B<SIGEV_THREAD_ID> notification, or \"pid\" for timers that notify by other "
"mechanisms.  Following the \".\" is the PID of the process that will be "
"delivered a signal if the timer delivers notifications via a signal."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1688
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<ClockID>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1701
msgid ""
"This field identifies the clock that the timer uses for measuring time.  For "
"most clocks, this is a number that matches one of the user-space B<CLOCK_*> "
"constants exposed via I<E<lt>time.hE<gt>>.  B<CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID> "
"timers display with a value of -6 in this field.  B<CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID> "
"timers display with a value of -2 in this field."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1702
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/bus/pccard/drivers>"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1704
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/bus/pci>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1710
msgid ""
"Contains various bus subdirectories and pseudo-files containing information "
"about PCI busses, installed devices, and device drivers.  Some of these "
"files are not ASCII."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1710
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/bus/pci/devices>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1717
msgid ""
"Information about PCI devices.  They may be accessed through B<lspci>(8)  "
"and B<setpci>(8)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1717
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/cmdline>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1724
msgid ""
"Arguments passed to the Linux kernel at boot time.  Often done via a boot "
"manager such as B<lilo>(8)  or B<grub>(8)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1724
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/config.gz> (since Linux 2.6)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1742
msgid ""
"This file exposes the configuration options that were used to build the "
"currently running kernel, in the same format as they would be shown in the "
"I<.config> file that resulted when configuring the kernel (using I<make "
"xconfig>, I<make config>, or similar).  The file contents are compressed; "
"view or search them using B<zcat>(1)  and B<zgrep>(1).  As long as no "
"changes have been made to the following file, the contents of "
"I</proc/config.gz> are the same as those provided by :"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1746
#, no-wrap
msgid "cat /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build/.config\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1752
msgid ""
"I</proc/config.gz> is provided only if the kernel is configured with "
"B<CONFIG_IKCONFIG_PROC>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1752
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/cpuinfo>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1764
msgid ""
"This is a collection of CPU and system architecture dependent items, for "
"each supported architecture a different list.  Two common entries are "
"I<processor> which gives CPU number and I<bogomips>; a system constant that "
"is calculated during kernel initialization.  SMP machines have information "
"for each CPU.  The B<lscpu>(1)  command gathers its information from this "
"file."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1764
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/devices>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1768
msgid ""
"Text listing of major numbers and device groups.  This can be used by "
"MAKEDEV scripts for consistency with the kernel."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1768
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/diskstats> (since Linux 2.5.69)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1774
msgid ""
"This file contains disk I/O statistics for each disk device.  See the Linux "
"kernel source file I<Documentation/iostats.txt> for further information."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1774
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/dma>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1778
msgid ""
"This is a list of the registered I<ISA> DMA (direct memory access)  channels "
"in use."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1778
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/driver>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1781 build/C/man5/proc.5:1809
msgid "Empty subdirectory."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1781
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/execdomains>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1784
msgid "List of the execution domains (ABI personalities)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1784
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/fb>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1789
msgid ""
"Frame buffer information when B<CONFIG_FB> is defined during kernel "
"compilation."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1789
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/filesystems>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1799
msgid ""
"A text listing of the filesystems which are supported by the kernel, namely "
"filesystems which were compiled into the kernel or whose kernel modules are "
"currently loaded.  (See also B<filesystems>(5).)  If a filesystem is marked "
"with \"nodev\", this means that it does not require a block device to be "
"mounted (e.g., virtual filesystem, network filesystem)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1806
msgid ""
"Incidentally, this file may be used by B<mount>(8)  when no filesystem is "
"specified and it didn't manage to determine the filesystem type.  Then "
"filesystems contained in this file are tried (excepted those that are marked "
"with \"nodev\")."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1806
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/fs>"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1809
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/ide>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1815
msgid ""
"This directory exists on systems with the IDE bus.  There are directories "
"for each IDE channel and attached device.  Files include:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1828
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"cache              buffer size in KB\n"
"capacity           number of sectors\n"
"driver             driver version\n"
"geometry           physical and logical geometry\n"
"identify           in hexadecimal\n"
"media              media type\n"
"model              manufacturer's model number\n"
"settings           drive settings\n"
"smart_thresholds   in hexadecimal\n"
"smart_values       in hexadecimal\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1834
msgid ""
"The B<hdparm>(8)  utility provides access to this information in a friendly "
"format."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1834
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/interrupts>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1844
msgid ""
"This is used to record the number of interrupts per CPU per IO device.  "
"Since Linux 2.6.24, for the i386 and x86_64 architectures, at least, this "
"also includes interrupts internal to the system (that is, not associated "
"with a device as such), such as NMI (nonmaskable interrupt), LOC (local "
"timer interrupt), and for SMP systems, TLB (TLB flush interrupt), RES "
"(rescheduling interrupt), CAL (remote function call interrupt), and possibly "
"others.  Very easy to read formatting, done in ASCII."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1844
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/iomem>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1847
msgid "I/O memory map in Linux 2.4."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1847
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/ioports>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1851
msgid ""
"This is a list of currently registered Input-Output port regions that are in "
"use."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1851
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/kallsyms> (since Linux 2.5.71)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1859
msgid ""
"This holds the kernel exported symbol definitions used by the B<modules>(X)  "
"tools to dynamically link and bind loadable modules.  In Linux 2.5.47 and "
"earlier, a similar file with slightly different syntax was named I<ksyms>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1859
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/kcore>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1868
msgid ""
"This file represents the physical memory of the system and is stored in the "
"ELF core file format.  With this pseudo-file, and an unstripped kernel "
"(I</usr/src/linux/vmlinux>)  binary, GDB can be used to examine the current "
"state of any kernel data structures."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1871
msgid "The total length of the file is the size of physical memory (RAM) plus 4KB."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1871
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/kmsg>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1883
msgid ""
"This file can be used instead of the B<syslog>(2)  system call to read "
"kernel messages.  A process must have superuser privileges to read this "
"file, and only one process should read this file.  This file should not be "
"read if a syslog process is running which uses the B<syslog>(2)  system call "
"facility to log kernel messages."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1887
msgid "Information in this file is retrieved with the B<dmesg>(1)  program."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1887
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/ksyms> (Linux 1.1.23-2.5.47)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1891
msgid "See I</proc/kallsyms>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1891
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/loadavg>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1906
msgid ""
"The first three fields in this file are load average figures giving the "
"number of jobs in the run queue (state R)  or waiting for disk I/O (state D) "
"averaged over 1, 5, and 15 minutes.  They are the same as the load average "
"numbers given by B<uptime>(1)  and other programs.  The fourth field "
"consists of two numbers separated by a slash (/).  The first of these is the "
"number of currently runnable kernel scheduling entities (processes, "
"threads).  The value after the slash is the number of kernel scheduling "
"entities that currently exist on the system.  The fifth field is the PID of "
"the process that was most recently created on the system."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1906
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/locks>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1912
msgid ""
"This file shows current file locks (B<flock>(2) and B<fcntl>(2))  and leases "
"(B<fcntl>(2))."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1912
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/malloc> (only up to and including Linux 2.2)"
msgstr ""

#.  It looks like this only ever did something back in 1.0 days
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1918
msgid ""
"This file is present only if B<CONFIG_DEBUG_MALLOC> was defined during "
"compilation."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1918
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/meminfo>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1934
msgid ""
"This file reports statistics about memory usage on the system.  It is used "
"by B<free>(1)  to report the amount of free and used memory (both physical "
"and swap)  on the system as well as the shared memory and buffers used by "
"the kernel.  Each line of the file consists of a parameter name, followed by "
"a colon, the value of the parameter, and an option unit of measurement "
"(e.g., \"kB\").  The list below describes the parameter names and the format "
"specifier required to read the field value.  Except as noted below, all of "
"the fields have been present since at least Linux 2.6.0.  Some fileds are "
"displayed only if the kernel was configured with various options; those "
"dependencies are noted in the list."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1935
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<MemTotal> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1939
msgid ""
"Total usable RAM (i.e., physical RAM minus a few reserved bits and the "
"kernel binary code)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1939
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<MemFree> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1943
msgid "The sum of I<LowFree>+I<HighFree>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1943
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Buffers> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1947
msgid ""
"Relatively temporary storage for raw disk blocks that shouldn't get "
"tremendously large (20MB or so)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1947
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Cached> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1952
msgid ""
"In-memory cache for files read from the disk (the page cache).  Doesn't "
"include I<SwapCached>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1952
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<SwapCached> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1960
msgid ""
"Memory that once was swapped out, is swapped back in but still also is in "
"the swap file.  (If memory pressure is high, these pages don't need to be "
"swapped out again because they are already in the swap file.  This saves "
"I/O.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1960
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Active> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1964
msgid ""
"Memory that has been used more recently and usually not reclaimed unless "
"absolutely necessary."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1964
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Inactive> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1968
msgid ""
"Memory which has been less recently used.  It is more eligible to be "
"reclaimed for other purposes."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1968
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Active(anon)> %lu (since Linux 2.6.28)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1971 build/C/man5/proc.5:1974 build/C/man5/proc.5:1977 build/C/man5/proc.5:1980 build/C/man5/proc.5:2045
msgid "[To be documented.]"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1971
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Inactive(anon)> %lu (since Linux 2.6.28)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1974
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Active(file)> %lu (since Linux 2.6.28)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1977
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Inactive(file)> %lu (since Linux 2.6.28)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1980
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Unevictable> %lu (since Linux 2.6.28)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1985 build/C/man5/proc.5:1990
msgid ""
"(From Linux 2.6.28 to 2.6.30, B<CONFIG_UNEVICTABLE_LRU> was required.)  [To "
"be documented.]"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1985
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Mlocked> %lu (since Linux 2.6.28)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1990
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<HighTotal> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1999
msgid ""
"(Starting with Linux 2.6.19, B<CONFIG_HIGHMEM> is required.)  Total amount "
"of highmem.  Highmem is all memory above ~860MB of physical memory.  Highmem "
"areas are for use by user-space programs, or for the page cache.  The kernel "
"must use tricks to access this memory, making it slower to access than "
"lowmem."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1999
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<HighFree> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2003
msgid ""
"(Starting with Linux 2.6.19, B<CONFIG_HIGHMEM> is required.)  Amount of free "
"highmem."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2003
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<LowTotal> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2015
msgid ""
"(Starting with Linux 2.6.19, B<CONFIG_HIGHMEM> is required.)  Total amount "
"of lowmem.  Lowmem is memory which can be used for everything that highmem "
"can be used for, but it is also available for the kernel's use for its own "
"data structures.  Among many other things, it is where everything from "
"I<Slab> is allocated.  Bad things happen when you're out of lowmem."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2015
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<LowFree> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2019
msgid ""
"(Starting with Linux 2.6.19, B<CONFIG_HIGHMEM> is required.)  Amount of free "
"lowmem."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2019
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<MmapCopy> %lu (since Linux 2.6.29)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2024
msgid "(B<CONFIG_MMU> is required.)  [To be documented.]"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2024
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<SwapTotal> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2027
msgid "Total amount of swap space available."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2027
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<SwapFree> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2030
msgid "Amount of swap space that is currently unused."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2030
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Dirty> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2033
msgid "Memory which is waiting to get written back to the disk."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2033
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Writeback> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2036
msgid "Memory which is actively being written back to the disk."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2036
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<AnonPages> %lu (since Linux 2.6.18)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2039
msgid "Non-file backed pages mapped into user-space page tables."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2039
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Mapped> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2042
msgid "Files which have been mmaped, such as libraries."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2042
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Shmem> %lu (since Linux 2.6.32)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2045
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Slab> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2048
msgid "In-kernel data structures cache."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2048
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<SReclaimable> %lu (since Linux 2.6.19)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2053
msgid "Part of I<Slab>, that might be reclaimed, such as caches."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2053
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<SUnreclaim> %lu (since Linux 2.6.19)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2058
msgid "Part of I<Slab>, that cannot be reclaimed on memory pressure."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2058
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<KernelStack> %lu (since Linux 2.6.32)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2061
msgid "Amount of memory allocated to kernel stacks."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2061
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<PageTables> %lu (since Linux 2.6.18)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2064
msgid "Amount of memory dedicated to the lowest level of page tables."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2064
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Quicklists> %lu (since Linux 2.6.27)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2068
msgid "(B<CONFIG_QUICKLIST> is required.)  [To be documented.]"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2068
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<NFS_Unstable> %lu (since Linux 2.6.18)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2071
msgid "NFS pages sent to the server, but not yet committed to stable storage."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2071
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Bounce> %lu (since Linux 2.6.18)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2074
msgid "Memory used for block device \"bounce buffers\"."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2074
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<WritebackTmp> %lu (since Linux 2.6.26)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2077
msgid "Memory used by FUSE for temporary writeback buffers."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2077
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<CommitLimit> %lu (since Linux 2.6.10)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2088
msgid ""
"Based on the overcommit ratio ('vm.overcommit_ratio'), this is the total "
"amount of memory currently available to be allocated on the system.  This "
"limit is adhered to only if strict overcommit accounting is enabled (mode 2 "
"in I</proc/sys/vm/overcommit_ratio>).  The I<CommitLimit> is calculated "
"using the following formula:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2092
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    CommitLimit =\n"
"        ([total RAM pages] - [total huge TLB pages]) *\n"
"        overcommit_ratio / 100 + [total swap pages]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2102
msgid ""
"For example, on a system with 1GB of physical RAM and 7GB of swap with a "
"I<overcommit_ratio> of 30, this formula yields a I<CommitLimit> of 7.3GB.  "
"For more details, see the memory overcommit documentation in the kernel "
"source file I<Documentation/vm/overcommit-accounting>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2102
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Committed_AS> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2122
msgid ""
"The amount of memory presently allocated on the system.  The committed "
"memory is a sum of all of the memory which has been allocated by processes, "
"even if it has not been \"used\" by them as of yet.  A process which "
"allocates 1GB of memory (using B<malloc>(3)  or similar), but touches only "
"300MB of that memory will show up as using only 300MB of memory even if it "
"has the address space allocated for the entire 1GB.  This 1GB is memory "
"which has been \"committed\" to by the VM and can be used at any time by the "
"allocating application.  With strict overcommit enabled on the system (mode "
"2 I</proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory>), allocations which would exceed the "
"I<CommitLimit> (detailed above) will not be permitted.  This is useful if "
"one needs to guarantee that processes will not fail due to lack of memory "
"once that memory has been successfully allocated."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2122
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<VmallocTotal> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2125
msgid "Total size of vmalloc memory area."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2125
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<VmallocUsed> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2128
msgid "Amount of vmalloc area which is used."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2128
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<VmallocChunk> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2131
msgid "Largest contiguous block of vmalloc area which is free."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2131
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<HardwareCorrupted> %lu (since Linux 2.6.32)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2135
msgid "(B<CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE> is required.)  [To be documented.]"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2135
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<AnonHugePages> %lu (since Linux 2.6.38)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2139
msgid ""
"(B<CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE> is required.)  Non-file backed huge pages "
"mapped into user-space page tables."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2139
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<HugePages_Total> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2143
msgid "(B<CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE> is required.)  The size of the pool of huge pages."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2143
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<HugePages_Free> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2147
msgid ""
"(B<CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE> is required.)  The number of huge pages in the pool "
"that are not yet allocated."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2147
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<HugePages_Rsvd> %lu (since Linux 2.6.17)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2156
msgid ""
"(B<CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE> is required.)  This is the number of huge pages for "
"which a commitment to allocate from the pool has been made, but no "
"allocation has yet been made.  These reserved huge pages guarantee that an "
"application will be able to allocate a huge page from the pool of huge pages "
"at fault time."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2156
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<HugePages_Surp> %lu (since Linux 2.6.24)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2164
msgid ""
"(B<CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE> is required.)  This is the number of huge pages in "
"the pool above the value in I</proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages>.  The maximum "
"number of surplus huge pages is controlled by "
"I</proc/sys/vm/nr_overcommit_hugepages>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2164
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Hugepagesize> %lu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2168
msgid "(B<CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE> is required.)  The size of huge pages."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2169
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/modules>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2174
msgid ""
"A text list of the modules that have been loaded by the system.  See also "
"B<lsmod>(8)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2174
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/mounts>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2184
msgid ""
"Before kernel 2.4.19, this file was a list of all the filesystems currently "
"mounted on the system.  With the introduction of per-process mount "
"namespaces in Linux 2.4.19, this file became a link to I</proc/self/mounts>, "
"which lists the mount points of the process's own mount namespace.  The "
"format of this file is documented in B<fstab>(5)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2184
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/mtrr>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2190
msgid ""
"Memory Type Range Registers.  See the Linux kernel source file "
"I<Documentation/mtrr.txt> for details."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2190
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/net>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2200
msgid ""
"various net pseudo-files, all of which give the status of some part of the "
"networking layer.  These files contain ASCII structures and are, therefore, "
"readable with B<cat>(1).  However, the standard B<netstat>(8)  suite "
"provides much cleaner access to these files."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2200
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/net/arp>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2206
msgid ""
"This holds an ASCII readable dump of the kernel ARP table used for address "
"resolutions.  It will show both dynamically learned and preprogrammed ARP "
"entries.  The format is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2213
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"CW<IP address     HW type   Flags     HW address          Mask   Device\n"
"192.168.0.50   0x1       0x2       00:50:BF:25:68:F3   *      eth0\n"
"192.168.0.250  0x1       0xc       00:00:00:00:00:00   *      eth0>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2225
msgid ""
"Here \"IP address\" is the IPv4 address of the machine and the \"HW type\" "
"is the hardware type of the address from RFC\\ 826.  The flags are the "
"internal flags of the ARP structure (as defined in "
"I</usr/include/linux/if_arp.h>)  and the \"HW address\" is the data link "
"layer mapping for that IP address if it is known."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2225
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/net/dev>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2236
msgid ""
"The dev pseudo-file contains network device status information.  This gives "
"the number of received and sent packets, the number of errors and collisions "
"and other basic statistics.  These are used by the B<ifconfig>(8)  program "
"to report device status.  The format is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2246
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"CW<Inter-|   Receive                                                |  "
"Transmit\n"
" face |bytes    packets errs drop fifo frame compressed multicast|bytes    "
"packets errs drop fifo colls carrier compressed\n"
"    lo: 2776770   11307    0    0    0     0          0         0  2776770   "
"11307    0    0    0     0       0          0\n"
"  eth0: 1215645    2751    0    0    0     0          0         0  1782404    "
"4324    0    0    0   427       0          0\n"
"  ppp0: 1622270    5552    1    0    0     0          0         0   354130    "
"5669    0    0    0     0       0          0\n"
"  tap0:    7714      81    0    0    0     0          0         0     7714      "
"81    0    0    0     0       0          0>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2255
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/net/dev_mcast>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2259
msgid "Defined in I</usr/src/linux/net/core/dev_mcast.c>:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2265
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"indx interface_name  dmi_u dmi_g dmi_address\n"
"2    eth0            1     0     01005e000001\n"
"3    eth1            1     0     01005e000001\n"
"4    eth2            1     0     01005e000001\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2267
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/net/igmp>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2272
msgid ""
"Internet Group Management Protocol.  Defined in "
"I</usr/src/linux/net/core/igmp.c>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2272
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/net/rarp>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2282
msgid ""
"This file uses the same format as the I<arp> file and contains the current "
"reverse mapping database used to provide B<rarp>(8)  reverse address lookup "
"services.  If RARP is not configured into the kernel, this file will not be "
"present."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2282
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/net/raw>"
msgstr ""

#.  .TP
#.  .I /proc/net/route
#.  No information, but looks similar to
#.  .BR route (8).
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2302
msgid ""
"Holds a dump of the RAW socket table.  Much of the information is not of use "
"apart from debugging.  The \"sl\" value is the kernel hash slot for the "
"socket, the \"local_address\" is the local address and protocol number "
"pair.  \\&\"St\" is the internal status of the socket.  The \"tx_queue\" and "
"\"rx_queue\" are the outgoing and incoming data queue in terms of kernel "
"memory usage.  The \"tr\", \"tm-E<gt>when\", and \"rexmits\" fields are not "
"used by RAW.  The \"uid\" field holds the effective UID of the creator of "
"the socket."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2302
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/net/snmp>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2307
msgid ""
"This file holds the ASCII data needed for the IP, ICMP, TCP, and UDP "
"management information bases for an SNMP agent."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2307
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/net/tcp>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2323
msgid ""
"Holds a dump of the TCP socket table.  Much of the information is not of use "
"apart from debugging.  The \"sl\" value is the kernel hash slot for the "
"socket, the \"local_address\" is the local address and port number pair.  "
"The \"rem_address\" is the remote address and port number pair (if "
"connected).  \\&\"St\" is the internal status of the socket.  The "
"\"tx_queue\" and \"rx_queue\" are the outgoing and incoming data queue in "
"terms of kernel memory usage.  The \"tr\", \"tm-E<gt>when\", and \"rexmits\" "
"fields hold internal information of the kernel socket state and are only "
"useful for debugging.  The \"uid\" field holds the effective UID of the "
"creator of the socket."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2323
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/net/udp>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2339
msgid ""
"Holds a dump of the UDP socket table.  Much of the information is not of use "
"apart from debugging.  The \"sl\" value is the kernel hash slot for the "
"socket, the \"local_address\" is the local address and port number pair.  "
"The \"rem_address\" is the remote address and port number pair (if "
"connected). \"St\" is the internal status of the socket.  The \"tx_queue\" "
"and \"rx_queue\" are the outgoing and incoming data queue in terms of kernel "
"memory usage.  The \"tr\", \"tm-E<gt>when\", and \"rexmits\" fields are not "
"used by UDP.  The \"uid\" field holds the effective UID of the creator of "
"the socket.  The format is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2347
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"CW<sl  local_address rem_address   st tx_queue rx_queue tr rexmits  "
"tm-E<gt>when uid\n"
" 1: 01642C89:0201 0C642C89:03FF 01 00000000:00000001 01:000071BA 00000000 "
"0\n"
" 1: 00000000:0801 00000000:0000 0A 00000000:00000000 00:00000000 6F000100 "
"0\n"
" 1: 00000000:0201 00000000:0000 0A 00000000:00000000 00:00000000 00000000 "
"0>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2350
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/net/unix>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2355
msgid ""
"Lists the UNIX domain sockets present within the system and their status.  "
"The format is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2361
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"CW<Num RefCount Protocol Flags    Type St Path\n"
" 0: 00000002 00000000 00000000 0001 03\n"
" 1: 00000001 00000000 00010000 0001 01 /dev/printer>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2373
msgid ""
"Here \"Num\" is the kernel table slot number, \"RefCount\" is the number of "
"users of the socket, \"Protocol\" is currently always 0, \"Flags\" represent "
"the internal kernel flags holding the status of the socket.  Currently, type "
"is always \"1\" (UNIX domain datagram sockets are not yet supported in the "
"kernel).  \\&\"St\" is the internal state of the socket and Path is the "
"bound path (if any) of the socket."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2373
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/partitions>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2377
msgid ""
"Contains the major and minor numbers of each partition as well as the number "
"of 1024-byte blocks and the partition name."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2377
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/pci>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2381
msgid ""
"This is a listing of all PCI devices found during kernel initialization and "
"their configuration."
msgstr ""

#.  FIXME /proc/sched_debug
#.  .TP
#.  .IR /proc/sched_debug " (since Linux 2.6.23)"
#.  See also /proc/[pid]/sched
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2397
msgid ""
"This file has been deprecated in favor of a new I</proc> interface for PCI "
"(I</proc/bus/pci>).  It became optional in Linux 2.2 (available with "
"B<CONFIG_PCI_OLD_PROC> set at kernel compilation).  It became once more "
"nonoptionally enabled in Linux 2.4.  Next, it was deprecated in Linux 2.6 "
"(still available with B<CONFIG_PCI_LEGACY_PROC> set), and finally removed "
"altogether since Linux 2.6.17."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2397
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/profile> (since Linux 2.4)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2409
msgid ""
"This file is present only if the kernel was booted with the I<profile=1> "
"command-line option.  It exposes kernel profiling information in a binary "
"format for use by B<readprofile>(1).  Writing (e.g., an empty string) to "
"this file resets the profiling counters; on some architectures, writing a "
"binary integer \"profiling multiplier\" of size I<sizeof(int)> sets the "
"profiling interrupt frequency."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2409
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/scsi>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2419
msgid ""
"A directory with the I<scsi> mid-level pseudo-file and various SCSI "
"low-level driver directories, which contain a file for each SCSI host in "
"this system, all of which give the status of some part of the SCSI IO "
"subsystem.  These files contain ASCII structures and are, therefore, "
"readable with B<cat>(1)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2422
msgid ""
"You can also write to some of the files to reconfigure the subsystem or "
"switch certain features on or off."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2422
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/scsi/scsi>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2428
msgid ""
"This is a listing of all SCSI devices known to the kernel.  The listing is "
"similar to the one seen during bootup.  scsi currently supports only the "
"I<add-single-device> command which allows root to add a hotplugged device to "
"the list of known devices."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2430
msgid "The command"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2434
#, no-wrap
msgid "echo \\(aqscsi add-single-device 1 0 5 0\\(aq E<gt> /proc/scsi/scsi\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2442
msgid ""
"will cause host scsi1 to scan on SCSI channel 0 for a device on ID 5 LUN 0.  "
"If there is already a device known on this address or the address is "
"invalid, an error will be returned."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2442
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/scsi/[drivername]>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2452
msgid ""
"I<[drivername]> can currently be NCR53c7xx, aha152x, aha1542, aha1740, "
"aic7xxx, buslogic, eata_dma, eata_pio, fdomain, in2000, pas16, qlogic, "
"scsi_debug, seagate, t128, u15-24f, ultrastore, or wd7000.  These "
"directories show up for all drivers that registered at least one SCSI HBA.  "
"Every directory contains one file per registered host.  Every host-file is "
"named after the number the host was assigned during initialization."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2455
msgid ""
"Reading these files will usually show driver and host configuration, "
"statistics, and so on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2462
msgid ""
"Writing to these files allows different things on different hosts.  For "
"example, with the I<latency> and I<nolatency> commands, root can switch on "
"and off command latency measurement code in the eata_dma driver.  With the "
"I<lockup> and I<unlock> commands, root can control bus lockups simulated by "
"the scsi_debug driver."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2462
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/self>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2470
msgid ""
"This directory refers to the process accessing the I</proc> filesystem, and "
"is identical to the I</proc> directory named by the process ID of the same "
"process."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2470
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/slabinfo>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2479
msgid ""
"Information about kernel caches.  Since Linux 2.6.16 this file is present "
"only if the B<CONFIG_SLAB> kernel configuration option is enabled.  The "
"columns in I</proc/slabinfo> are:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2489
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"cache-name\n"
"num-active-objs\n"
"total-objs\n"
"object-size\n"
"num-active-slabs\n"
"total-slabs\n"
"num-pages-per-slab\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2495
msgid "See B<slabinfo>(5)  for details."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2495
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/stat>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2501
msgid ""
"kernel/system statistics.  Varies with architecture.  Common entries "
"include:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2502
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<cpu  3357 0 4313 1362393>"
msgstr ""

#.  1024 on Alpha and ia64
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2510
msgid ""
"The amount of time, measured in units of USER_HZ (1/100ths of a second on "
"most architectures, use I<sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK)> to obtain the right value), "
"that the system spent in various states:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2511
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<user>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2514
msgid "(1) Time spent in user mode."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2514
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<nice>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2517
msgid "(2) Time spent in user mode with low priority (nice)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2517
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<system>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2520
msgid "(3) Time spent in system mode."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2520
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<idle>"
msgstr ""

#.  FIXME Actually, the following info about the /proc/stat 'cpu' field
#.        does not seem to be quite right (at least in 2.6.12 or 3.6):
#.        the idle time in /proc/uptime does not quite match this value
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2530
msgid ""
"(4) Time spent in the idle task.  This value should be USER_HZ times the "
"second entry in the I</proc/uptime> pseudo-file."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2530
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<iowait> (since Linux 2.5.41)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2533
msgid "(5) Time waiting for I/O to complete."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2533
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<irq> (since Linux 2.6.0-test4)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2536
msgid "(6) Time servicing interrupts."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2536
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<softirq> (since Linux 2.6.0-test4)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2539
msgid "(7) Time servicing softirqs."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2539
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<steal> (since Linux 2.6.11)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2543
msgid ""
"(8) Stolen time, which is the time spent in other operating systems when "
"running in a virtualized environment"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2543
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<guest> (since Linux 2.6.24)"
msgstr ""

#.  See Changelog entry for 5e84cfde51cf303d368fcb48f22059f37b3872de
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2548
msgid ""
"(9) Time spent running a virtual CPU for guest operating systems under the "
"control of the Linux kernel."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2548
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<guest_nice> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
msgstr ""

#.  commit ce0e7b28fb75cb003cfc8d0238613aaf1c55e797
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2553
msgid ""
"(10) Time spent running a niced guest (virtual CPU for guest operating "
"systems under the control of the Linux kernel)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2554
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<page 5741 1808>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2558
msgid ""
"The number of pages the system paged in and the number that were paged out "
"(from disk)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2558
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<swap 1 0>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2561
msgid "The number of swap pages that have been brought in and out."
msgstr ""

#.  FIXME The following is not the full picture for the 'intr' of
#.        /proc/stat on 2.6:
#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2561
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<intr 1462898>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2569
msgid ""
"This line shows counts of interrupts serviced since boot time, for each of "
"the possible system interrupts.  The first column is the total of all "
"interrupts serviced; each subsequent column is the total for a particular "
"interrupt."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2569
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<disk_io: (2,0):(31,30,5764,1,2) (3,0):>..."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2572
msgid ""
"(major,disk_idx):(noinfo, read_io_ops, blks_read, write_io_ops, "
"blks_written)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2574
msgid "(Linux 2.4 only)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2574
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<ctxt 115315>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2577
msgid "The number of context switches that the system underwent."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2577
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<btime 769041601>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2580
msgid "boot time, in seconds since the Epoch, 1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 (UTC)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2580
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<processes 86031>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2583
msgid "Number of forks since boot."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2583
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<procs_running 6>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2587
msgid "Number of processes in runnable state.  (Linux 2.5.45 onward.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2587
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<procs_blocked 2>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2591
msgid ""
"Number of processes blocked waiting for I/O to complete.  (Linux 2.5.45 "
"onward.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2592
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/swaps>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2597
msgid "Swap areas in use.  See also B<swapon>(8)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2597
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2605
msgid ""
"This directory (present since 1.3.57) contains a number of files and "
"subdirectories corresponding to kernel variables.  These variables can be "
"read and sometimes modified using the I</proc> filesystem, and the "
"(deprecated)  B<sysctl>(2)  system call."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2605
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/abi> (since Linux 2.4.10)"
msgstr ""

#.  On some systems, it is not present.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2612
msgid ""
"This directory may contain files with application binary information.  See "
"the Linux kernel source file I<Documentation/sysctl/abi.txt> for more "
"information."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2612
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/debug>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2615 build/C/man5/proc.5:3460
msgid "This directory may be empty."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2615
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/dev>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2621
msgid ""
"This directory contains device-specific information (e.g., "
"I<dev/cdrom/info>).  On some systems, it may be empty."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2621
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2625
msgid ""
"This directory contains the files and subdirectories for kernel variables "
"related to filesystems."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2625
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2630
msgid ""
"Documentation for files in this directory can be found in the Linux kernel "
"sources in I<Documentation/binfmt_misc.txt>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2630
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/dentry-state> (since Linux 2.2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2638
msgid ""
"This file contains information about the status of the directory cache "
"(dcache).  The file contains six numbers, I<nr_dentry>, I<nr_unused>, "
"I<age_limit> (age in seconds), I<want_pages> (pages requested by system) and "
"two dummy values."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2643
msgid ""
"I<nr_dentry> is the number of allocated dentries (dcache entries).  This "
"field is unused in Linux 2.2."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2646
msgid "I<nr_unused> is the number of unused dentries."
msgstr ""

#.  looks like this is unused in kernels 2.2 to 2.6
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2651
msgid ""
"I<age_limit> is the age in seconds after which dcache entries can be "
"reclaimed when memory is short."
msgstr ""

#.  looks like this is unused in kernels 2.2 to 2.6
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2656
msgid ""
"I<want_pages> is nonzero when the kernel has called shrink_dcache_pages() "
"and the dcache isn't pruned yet."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2657
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/dir-notify-enable>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2666
msgid ""
"This file can be used to disable or enable the I<dnotify> interface "
"described in B<fcntl>(2)  on a system-wide basis.  A value of 0 in this file "
"disables the interface, and a value of 1 enables it."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2666
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/dquot-max>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2673
msgid ""
"This file shows the maximum number of cached disk quota entries.  On some "
"(2.4) systems, it is not present.  If the number of free cached disk quota "
"entries is very low and you have some awesome number of simultaneous system "
"users, you might want to raise the limit."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2673
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/dquot-nr>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2677
msgid ""
"This file shows the number of allocated disk quota entries and the number of "
"free disk quota entries."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2677
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/epoll> (since Linux 2.6.28)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2686
msgid ""
"This directory contains the file I<max_user_watches>, which can be used to "
"limit the amount of kernel memory consumed by the I<epoll> interface.  For "
"further details, see B<epoll>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2686
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/file-max>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2699
msgid ""
"This file defines a system-wide limit on the number of open files for all "
"processes.  (See also B<setrlimit>(2), which can be used by a process to set "
"the per-process limit, B<RLIMIT_NOFILE>, on the number of files it may "
"open.)  If you get lots of error messages in the kernel log about running "
"out of file handles (look for \"VFS: file-max limit E<lt>numberE<gt> "
"reached\"), try increasing this value:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2705
#, no-wrap
msgid "CW<    echo 100000 E<gt> /proc/sys/fs/file-max>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2712
msgid ""
"The kernel constant B<NR_OPEN> imposes an upper limit on the value that may "
"be placed in I<file-max>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2718
msgid "Privileged processes (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>)  can override the I<file-max> limit."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2718
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/file-nr>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2737
msgid ""
"This (read-only) file contains three numbers: the number of allocated file "
"handles (i.e., the number of files presently opened); the number of free "
"file handles; and the maximum number of file handles (i.e., the same value "
"as I</proc/sys/fs/file-max>).  If the number of allocated file handles is "
"close to the maximum, you should consider increasing the maximum.  Before "
"Linux 2.6, the kernel allocated file handles dynamically, but it didn't free "
"them again.  Instead the free file handles were kept in a list for "
"reallocation; the \"free file handles\" value indicates the size of that "
"list.  A large number of free file handles indicates that there was a past "
"peak in the usage of open file handles.  Since Linux 2.6, the kernel does "
"deallocate freed file handles, and the \"free file handles\" value is always "
"zero."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2737
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/inode-max> (only present until Linux 2.2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2746
msgid ""
"This file contains the maximum number of in-memory inodes.  This value "
"should be 3-4 times larger than the value in I<file-max>, since I<stdin>, "
"I<stdout> and network sockets also need an inode to handle them.  When you "
"regularly run out of inodes, you need to increase this value."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2750
msgid ""
"Starting with Linux 2.4, there is no longer a static limit on the number of "
"inodes, and this file is removed."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2750
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/inode-nr>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2754
msgid "This file contains the first two values from I<inode-state>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2754
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/inode-state>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2762
msgid ""
"This file contains seven numbers: I<nr_inodes>, I<nr_free_inodes>, "
"I<preshrink>, and four dummy values (always zero)."
msgstr ""

#.  This can be slightly more than
#.  .I inode-max
#.  because Linux allocates them one page full at a time.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2770
msgid ""
"I<nr_inodes> is the number of inodes the system has allocated.  "
"I<nr_free_inodes> represents the number of free inodes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2778
msgid ""
"I<preshrink> is nonzero when the I<nr_inodes> E<gt> I<inode-max> and the "
"system needs to prune the inode list instead of allocating more; since Linux "
"2.4, this field is a dummy value (always zero)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2778
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/inotify> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2787
msgid ""
"This directory contains files I<max_queued_events>, I<max_user_instances>, "
"and I<max_user_watches>, that can be used to limit the amount of kernel "
"memory consumed by the I<inotify> interface.  For further details, see "
"B<inotify>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2787
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/lease-break-time>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2796
msgid ""
"This file specifies the grace period that the kernel grants to a process "
"holding a file lease (B<fcntl>(2))  after it has sent a signal to that "
"process notifying it that another process is waiting to open the file.  If "
"the lease holder does not remove or downgrade the lease within this grace "
"period, the kernel forcibly breaks the lease."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2796
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/leases-enable>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2803
msgid ""
"This file can be used to enable or disable file leases (B<fcntl>(2))  on a "
"system-wide basis.  If this file contains the value 0, leases are disabled.  "
"A nonzero value enables leases."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2803
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/mqueue> (since Linux 2.6.6)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2811
msgid ""
"This directory contains files I<msg_max>, I<msgsize_max>, and I<queues_max>, "
"controlling the resources used by POSIX message queues.  See "
"B<mq_overview>(7)  for details."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2811
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/overflowgid> and I</proc/sys/fs/overflowuid>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2821
msgid ""
"These files allow you to change the value of the fixed UID and GID.  The "
"default is 65534.  Some filesystems support only 16-bit UIDs and GIDs, "
"although in Linux UIDs and GIDs are 32 bits.  When one of these filesystems "
"is mounted with writes enabled, any UID or GID that would exceed 65535 is "
"translated to the overflow value before being written to disk."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2821
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/pipe-max-size> (since Linux 2.6.35)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2835
msgid ""
"The value in this file defines an upper limit for raising the capacity of a "
"pipe using the B<fcntl>(2)  B<F_SETPIPE_SZ> operation.  This limit applies "
"only to unprivileged processes.  The default value for this file is "
"1,048,576.  The value assigned to this file may be rounded upward, to "
"reflect the value actually employed for a convenient implementation.  To "
"determine the rounded-up value, display the contents of this file after "
"assigning a value to it.  The minimum value that can be assigned to this "
"file is the system page size."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2835
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/protected_hardlinks> (since Linux 3.6)"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 800179c9b8a1e796e441674776d11cd4c05d61d7
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2844
msgid ""
"When the value in this file is 0, no restrictions are placed on the creation "
"of hard links (i.e., this is the historical behaviour before Linux 3.6).  "
"When the value in this file is 1, a hard link can be created to a target "
"file only if one of the following conditions is true:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2849
msgid "The caller has the B<CAP_FOWNER> capability."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2855
msgid ""
"The filesystem UID of the process creating the link matches the owner (UID) "
"of the target file (as described in B<credentials>(7), a process's "
"filesystem UID is normally the same as its effective UID)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2857
msgid "All of the following conditions are true:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2860
msgid "the target is a regular file;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2862
msgid "the target file does not have its set-user-ID permission bit enabled;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2865
msgid ""
"the target file does not have both its set-group-ID and group-executable "
"permission bits enabled; and"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2869
msgid ""
"the caller has permission to read and write the target file (either via the "
"file's permissions mask or because it has suitable capabilities)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2885
msgid ""
"The default value in this file is 0.  Setting the value to 1 prevents a "
"longstanding class of security issues caused by hard-link-based "
"time-of-check, time-of-use races, most commonly seen in world-writable "
"directories such as I</tmp>.  The common method of exploiting this flaw is "
"to cross privilege boundaries when following a given hard link (i.e., a root "
"process follows a hard link created by another user).  Additionally, on "
"systems without separated partitions, this stops unauthorized users from "
"\"pinning\" vulnerable set-user-ID and set-group-ID files against being "
"upgraded by the administrator, or linking to special files."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2885
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/protected_symlinks> (since Linux 3.6)"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 800179c9b8a1e796e441674776d11cd4c05d61d7
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2893
msgid ""
"When the value in this file is 0, no restrictions are placed on following "
"symbolic links (i.e., this is the historical behaviour before Linux 3.6).  "
"When the value in this file is 1, symbolic links are followed only in the "
"following circumstances:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2900
msgid ""
"the filesystem UID of the process following the link matches the owner (UID) "
"of the symbolic link (as described in B<credentials>(7), a process's "
"filesystem UID is normally the same as its effective UID);"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2902
msgid "the link is not in a sticky world-writable directory; or"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2904
msgid "the symbolic link and its parent directory have the same owner (UID)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2911
msgid ""
"A system call that fails to follow a symbolic link because of the above "
"restrictions returns the error B<EACCES> in I<errno>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2915
msgid ""
"The default value in this file is 0.  Setting the value to 1 avoids a "
"longstanding class of security issues based on time-of-check, time-of-use "
"races when accessing symbolic links."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2915
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
msgstr ""

#.  The following is based on text from Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2921
msgid ""
"The value in this file determines whether core dump files are produced for "
"set-user-ID or otherwise protected/tainted binaries.  Three different "
"integer values can be specified:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2922
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<0\\ (default)>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2931
msgid ""
"This provides the traditional (pre-Linux 2.6.13) behavior.  A core dump will "
"not be produced for a process which has changed credentials (by calling "
"B<seteuid>(2), B<setgid>(2), or similar, or by executing a set-user-ID or "
"set-group-ID program)  or whose binary does not have read permission "
"enabled."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2931
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<1\\ (\"debug\")>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2938
msgid ""
"All processes dump core when possible.  The core dump is owned by the "
"filesystem user ID of the dumping process and no security is applied.  This "
"is intended for system debugging situations only.  Ptrace is unchecked."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2938
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<2\\ (\"suidsafe\")>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2947
msgid ""
"Any binary which normally would not be dumped (see \"0\" above)  is dumped "
"readable by root only.  This allows the user to remove the core dump file "
"but not to read it.  For security reasons core dumps in this mode will not "
"overwrite one another or other files.  This mode is appropriate when "
"administrators are attempting to debug problems in a normal environment."
msgstr ""

#.  9520628e8ceb69fa9a4aee6b57f22675d9e1b709
#.  54b501992dd2a839e94e76aa392c392b55080ce8
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2958
msgid ""
"Additionally, since Linux 3.6, I</proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern> must either "
"be an absolute pathname or a pipe command, as detailed in B<core>(5).  "
"Warnings will be written to the kernel log if I<core_pattern> does not "
"follow these rules, and no core dump will be produced."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2959
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/super-max>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2970
msgid ""
"This file controls the maximum number of superblocks, and thus the maximum "
"number of mounted filesystems the kernel can have.  You need increase only "
"I<super-max> if you need to mount more filesystems than the current value in "
"I<super-max> allows you to."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2970
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/super-nr>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2974
msgid "This file contains the number of filesystems currently mounted."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2974
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2978
msgid ""
"This directory contains files controlling a range of kernel parameters, as "
"described below."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2978
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/acct>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3002
msgid ""
"This file contains three numbers: I<highwater>, I<lowwater>, and "
"I<frequency>.  If BSD-style process accounting is enabled, these values "
"control its behavior.  If free space on filesystem where the log lives goes "
"below I<lowwater> percent, accounting suspends.  If free space gets above "
"I<highwater> percent, accounting resumes.  I<frequency> determines how often "
"the kernel checks the amount of free space (value is in seconds).  Default "
"values are 4, 2 and 30.  That is, suspend accounting if 2% or less space is "
"free; resume it if 4% or more space is free; consider information about "
"amount of free space valid for 30 seconds."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3002
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/cap_last_cap> (since Linux 3.2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3006
msgid "See B<capabilities>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3006
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/cap-bound> (from Linux 2.2 to 2.6.24)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3018
msgid ""
"This file holds the value of the kernel I<capability bounding set> "
"(expressed as a signed decimal number).  This set is ANDed against the "
"capabilities permitted to a process during B<execve>(2).  Starting with "
"Linux 2.6.25, the system-wide capability bounding set disappeared, and was "
"replaced by a per-thread bounding set; see B<capabilities>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3018
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern>"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3022
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/core_uses_pid>"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3026
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/ctrl-alt-del>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3041
msgid ""
"This file controls the handling of Ctrl-Alt-Del from the keyboard.  When the "
"value in this file is 0, Ctrl-Alt-Del is trapped and sent to the B<init>(8)  "
"program to handle a graceful restart.  When the value is greater than zero, "
"Linux's reaction to a Vulcan Nerve Pinch (tm) will be an immediate reboot, "
"without even syncing its dirty buffers.  Note: when a program (like dosemu) "
"has the keyboard in \"raw\" mode, the ctrl-alt-del is intercepted by the "
"program before it ever reaches the kernel tty layer, and it's up to the "
"program to decide what to do with it."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3041
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/dmesg_restrict> (since Linux 2.6.37)"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 620f6e8e855d6d447688a5f67a4e176944a084e8
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3054
msgid ""
"The value in this file determines who can see kernel syslog contents.  A "
"value of 0 in this file imposes no restrictions.  If the value is 1, only "
"privileged users can read the kernel syslog.  (See B<syslog>(2)  for more "
"details.)  Since Linux 3.4, only users with the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability "
"may change the value in this file."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3054
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/domainname> and I</proc/sys/kernel/hostname>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3062
msgid ""
"can be used to set the NIS/YP domainname and the hostname of your box in "
"exactly the same way as the commands B<domainname>(1)  and B<hostname>(1), "
"that is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3067
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#B< echo \\(aqdarkstar\\(aq E<gt> /proc/sys/kernel/hostname>\n"
"#B< echo \\(aqmydomain\\(aq E<gt> /proc/sys/kernel/domainname>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3071
msgid "has the same effect as"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3076
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#B< hostname \\(aqdarkstar\\(aq>\n"
"#B< domainname \\(aqmydomain\\(aq>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3089
msgid ""
"Note, however, that the classic darkstar.frop.org has the hostname "
"\"darkstar\" and DNS (Internet Domain Name Server)  domainname \"frop.org\", "
"not to be confused with the NIS (Network Information Service) or YP (Yellow "
"Pages) domainname.  These two domain names are in general different.  For a "
"detailed discussion see the B<hostname>(1)  man page."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3089
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/hotplug>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3095
msgid ""
"This file contains the path for the hotplug policy agent.  The default value "
"in this file is I</sbin/hotplug>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3095
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/htab-reclaim>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3103
msgid ""
"(PowerPC only) If this file is set to a nonzero value, the PowerPC htab (see "
"kernel file I<Documentation/powerpc/ppc_htab.txt>)  is pruned each time the "
"system hits the idle loop."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3103
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict> (since Linux 2.6.38)"
msgstr ""

#.  455cd5ab305c90ffc422dd2e0fb634730942b257
#.  commit 411f05f123cbd7f8aa1edcae86970755a6e2a9d9
#.  commit 620f6e8e855d6d447688a5f67a4e176944a084e8
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3128
msgid ""
"The value in this file determines whether kernel addresses are exposed via "
"I</proc> files and other interfaces.  A value of 0 in this file imposes no "
"restrictions.  If the value is 1, kernel pointers printed using the I<%pK> "
"format specifier will be replaced with zeros unless the user has the "
"B<CAP_SYSLOG> capability.  If the value is 2, kernel pointers printed using "
"the I<%pK> format specifier will be replaced with zeros regardless of the "
"user's capabilities.  The initial default value for this file was 1, but the "
"default was changed to 0 in Linux 2.6.39.  Since Linux 3.4, only users with "
"the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability can change the value in this file."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3128
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/l2cr>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3135
msgid ""
"(PowerPC only) This file contains a flag that controls the L2 cache of G3 "
"processor boards.  If 0, the cache is disabled.  Enabled if nonzero."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3135
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/modprobe>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3148
msgid ""
"This file contains the path for the kernel module loader.  The default value "
"is I</sbin/modprobe>.  The file is present only if the kernel is built with "
"the B<CONFIG_MODULES> (B<CONFIG_KMOD> in Linux 2.6.26 and earlier)  option "
"enabled.  It is described by the Linux kernel source file "
"I<Documentation/kmod.txt> (present only in kernel 2.4 and earlier)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3148
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/modules_disabled> (since Linux 2.6.31)"
msgstr ""

#.  3d43321b7015387cfebbe26436d0e9d299162ea1
#.  From Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3160
msgid ""
"A toggle value indicating if modules are allowed to be loaded in an "
"otherwise modular kernel.  This toggle defaults to off (0), but can be set "
"true (1).  Once true, modules can be neither loaded nor unloaded, and the "
"toggle cannot be set back to false.  The file is present only if the kernel "
"is built with the B<CONFIG_MODULES> option enabled."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3160
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/msgmax> (since Linux 2.2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3165
msgid ""
"This file defines a system-wide limit specifying the maximum number of bytes "
"in a single message written on a System V message queue."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3165
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/msgmni> (since Linux 2.4)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3169
msgid ""
"This file defines the system-wide limit on the number of message queue "
"identifiers."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3169
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/msgmnb> (since Linux 2.2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3178
msgid ""
"This file defines a system-wide parameter used to initialize the "
"I<msg_qbytes> setting for subsequently created message queues.  The "
"I<msg_qbytes> setting specifies the maximum number of bytes that may be "
"written to the message queue."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3178
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/ngroups_max> (since Linux 2.6.4)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3182
msgid ""
"This is a read-only file that displays the upper limit on the number of a "
"process's group memberships."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3182
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/ostype> and I</proc/sys/kernel/osrelease>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3187
msgid "These files give substrings of I</proc/version>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3187
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/overflowgid> and I</proc/sys/kernel/overflowuid>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3193
msgid ""
"These files duplicate the files I</proc/sys/fs/overflowgid> and "
"I</proc/sys/fs/overflowuid>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3193
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/panic>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3202
msgid ""
"This file gives read/write access to the kernel variable I<panic_timeout>.  "
"If this is zero, the kernel will loop on a panic; if nonzero, it indicates "
"that the kernel should autoreboot after this number of seconds.  When you "
"use the software watchdog device driver, the recommended setting is 60."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3202
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops> (since Linux 2.5.68)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3214
msgid ""
"This file controls the kernel's behavior when an oops or BUG is "
"encountered.  If this file contains 0, then the system tries to continue "
"operation.  If it contains 1, then the system delays a few seconds (to give "
"klogd time to record the oops output)  and then panics.  If the "
"I</proc/sys/kernel/panic> file is also nonzero, then the machine will be "
"rebooted."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3214
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/pid_max> (since Linux 2.5.34)"
msgstr ""

#.  Prior to 2.6.10, pid_max could also be raised above 32768 on 32-bit
#.  platforms, but this broke /proc/[pid]
#.  See http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=109513010926152&w=2
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3230
msgid ""
"This file specifies the value at which PIDs wrap around (i.e., the value in "
"this file is one greater than the maximum PID).  The default value for this "
"file, 32768, results in the same range of PIDs as on earlier kernels.  On "
"32-bit platforms, 32768 is the maximum value for I<pid_max>.  On 64-bit "
"systems, I<pid_max> can be set to any value up to 2^22 (B<PID_MAX_LIMIT>, "
"approximately 4 million)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3230
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/powersave-nap> (PowerPC only)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3236
msgid ""
"This file contains a flag.  If set, Linux-PPC will use the \"nap\" mode of "
"powersaving, otherwise the \"doze\" mode will be used."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3236
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/printk>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3262
msgid ""
"The four values in this file are I<console_loglevel>, "
"I<default_message_loglevel>, I<minimum_console_level>, and "
"I<default_console_loglevel>.  These values influence I<printk()> behavior "
"when printing or logging error messages.  See B<syslog>(2)  for more info on "
"the different loglevels.  Messages with a higher priority than "
"I<console_loglevel> will be printed to the console.  Messages without an "
"explicit priority will be printed with priority I<default_message_level>.  "
"I<minimum_console_loglevel> is the minimum (highest) value to which "
"I<console_loglevel> can be set.  I<default_console_loglevel> is the default "
"value for I<console_loglevel>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3262
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/pty> (since Linux 2.6.4)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3268
msgid ""
"This directory contains two files relating to the number of UNIX 98 "
"pseudoterminals (see B<pts>(4))  on the system."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3268
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/pty/max>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3271
msgid "This file defines the maximum number of pseudoterminals."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3271
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/pty/nr>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3275
msgid "This read-only file indicates how many pseudoterminals are currently in use."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3275
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/random>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3283
msgid ""
"This directory contains various parameters controlling the operation of the "
"file I</dev/random>.  See B<random>(4)  for further information."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3283
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid> (since Linux 2.4)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3287
msgid ""
"Each read from this read-only file returns a randomly generated 128-bit "
"UUID, as a string in the standard UUID format."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3287
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3291
msgid ""
"This file is documented in the Linux kernel source file "
"I<Documentation/initrd.txt>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3291
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/reboot-cmd> (Sparc only) "
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3297
msgid ""
"This file seems to be a way to give an argument to the SPARC ROM/Flash boot "
"loader.  Maybe to tell it what to do after rebooting?"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3297
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/rtsig-max>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3304
msgid ""
"(Only in kernels up to and including 2.6.7; see B<setrlimit>(2))  This file "
"can be used to tune the maximum number of POSIX real-time (queued) signals "
"that can be outstanding in the system."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3304
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/rtsig-nr>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3308
msgid ""
"(Only in kernels up to and including 2.6.7.)  This file shows the number "
"POSIX real-time signals currently queued."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3308
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/sched_rr_timeslice_ms> (since Linux 3.9)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3312
msgid "See B<sched_rr_get_interval>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3312
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/sem> (since Linux 2.4)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3316
msgid ""
"This file contains 4 numbers defining limits for System V IPC semaphores.  "
"These fields are, in order:"
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3317
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEMMSL"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3319
msgid "The maximum semaphores per semaphore set."
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3319
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEMMNS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3321
msgid "A system-wide limit on the number of semaphores in all semaphore sets."
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3321
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEMOPM"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3325
msgid ""
"The maximum number of operations that may be specified in a B<semop>(2)  "
"call."
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3325
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEMMNI"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3327
msgid "A system-wide limit on the maximum number of semaphore identifiers."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3328
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/sg-big-buff>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3339
msgid ""
"This file shows the size of the generic SCSI device (sg) buffer.  You can't "
"tune it just yet, but you could change it at compile time by editing "
"I<include/scsi/sg.h> and changing the value of B<SG_BIG_BUFF>.  However, "
"there shouldn't be any reason to change this value."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3339
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/shm_rmid_forced> (since Linux 3.1)"
msgstr ""

#.  commit b34a6b1da371ed8af1221459a18c67970f7e3d53
#.  See also Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3348
msgid ""
"If this file is set to 1, all System V shared memory segments will be marked "
"for destruction as soon as the number of attached processes falls to zero; "
"in other words, it is no longer possible to create shared memory segments "
"that exist independently of any attached process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3360
msgid ""
"The effect is as though a B<shmctl>(2)  B<IPC_RMID> is performed on all "
"existing segments as well as all segments created in the future (until this "
"file is reset to 0).  Note that existing segments that are attached to no "
"process will be immediately destroyed when this file is set to 1.  Setting "
"this option will also destroy segments that were created, but never "
"attached, upon termination of the process that created the segment with "
"B<shmget>(2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3368
msgid ""
"Setting this file to 1 provides a way of ensuring that all System V shared "
"memory segments are counted against the resource usage and resource limits "
"(see the description of B<RLIMIT_AS> in B<getrlimit>(2))  of at least one "
"process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3375
msgid ""
"Because setting this file to 1 produces behavior that is nonstandard and "
"could also break existing applications, the default value in this file is "
"0.  Only set this file to 1 if you have a good understanding of the "
"semantics of the applications using System V shared memory on your system."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3375
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/shmall> (since Linux 2.2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3380
msgid ""
"This file contains the system-wide limit on the total number of pages of "
"System V shared memory."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3380
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/shmmax> (since Linux 2.2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3390
msgid ""
"This file can be used to query and set the run-time limit on the maximum "
"(System V IPC) shared memory segment size that can be created.  Shared "
"memory segments up to 1GB are now supported in the kernel.  This value "
"defaults to B<SHMMAX>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3390
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/shmmni> (since Linux 2.4)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3395
msgid ""
"This file specifies the system-wide maximum number of System V shared memory "
"segments that can be created."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3395
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/sysrq>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3404
msgid ""
"This file controls the functions allowed to be invoked by the SysRq key.  By "
"default, the file contains 1 meaning that every possible SysRq request is "
"allowed (in older kernel versions, SysRq was disabled by default, and you "
"were required to specifically enable it at run-time, but this is not the "
"case any more).  Possible values in this file are:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3416
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"   0 - disable sysrq completely\n"
"   1 - enable all functions of sysrq\n"
"  E<gt>1 - bit mask of allowed sysrq functions, as follows:\n"
"          2 - enable control of console logging level\n"
"          4 - enable control of keyboard (SAK, unraw)\n"
"          8 - enable debugging dumps of processes etc.\n"
"         16 - enable sync command\n"
"         32 - enable remount read-only\n"
"         64 - enable signaling of processes (term, kill, oom-kill)\n"
"        128 - allow reboot/poweroff\n"
"        256 - allow nicing of all real-time tasks\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3422
msgid ""
"This file is present only if the B<CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ> kernel configuration "
"option is enabled.  For further details see the Linux kernel source file "
"I<Documentation/sysrq.txt>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3422
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/version>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3425
msgid "This file contains a string like:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3427
#, no-wrap
msgid "    #5 Wed Feb 25 21:49:24 MET 1998\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3431
msgid ""
"The \"#5\" means that this is the fifth kernel built from this source base "
"and the date behind it indicates the time the kernel was built."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3431
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/threads-max> (since Linux 2.3.11)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3435
msgid ""
"This file specifies the system-wide limit on the number of threads (tasks) "
"that can be created on the system."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3435
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/zero-paged> (PowerPC only) "
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3441
msgid ""
"This file contains a flag.  When enabled (nonzero), Linux-PPC will pre-zero "
"pages in the idle loop, possibly speeding up get_free_pages."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3441
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/net>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3448
msgid ""
"This directory contains networking stuff.  Explanations for some of the "
"files under this directory can be found in B<tcp>(7)  and B<ip>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3448
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3457
msgid ""
"This file defines a ceiling value for the I<backlog> argument of "
"B<listen>(2); see the B<listen>(2)  manual page for details."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3457
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/proc>"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3460
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/sunrpc>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3465
msgid ""
"This directory supports Sun remote procedure call for network filesystem "
"(NFS).  On some systems, it is not present."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3465
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/vm>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3469
msgid ""
"This directory contains files for memory management tuning, buffer and cache "
"management."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3469
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/vm/drop_caches> (since Linux 2.6.16)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3477
msgid ""
"Writing to this file causes the kernel to drop clean caches, dentries, and "
"inodes from memory, causing that memory to become free.  This can be useful "
"for memory management testing and performing reproducible filesystem "
"benchmarks.  Because writing to this file causes the benefits of caching to "
"be lost, it can degrade overall system performance."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3479
msgid "To free pagecache, use:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3481
#, no-wrap
msgid "    echo 1 E<gt> /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3483
msgid "To free dentries and inodes, use:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3485
#, no-wrap
msgid "    echo 2 E<gt> /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3487
msgid "To free pagecache, dentries and inodes, use:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3489
#, no-wrap
msgid "    echo 3 E<gt> /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3495
msgid ""
"Because writing to this file is a nondestructive operation and dirty objects "
"are not freeable, the user should run B<sync>(8)  first."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3495
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/vm/legacy_va_layout> (since Linux 2.6.9)"
msgstr ""

#.  The following is from Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3500
msgid ""
"If nonzero, this disables the new 32-bit memory-mapping layout; the kernel "
"will use the legacy (2.4) layout for all processes."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3500
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/vm/memory_failure_early_kill> (since Linux 2.6.32)"
msgstr ""

#.  The following is based on the text in Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3512
msgid ""
"Control how to kill processes when an uncorrected memory error (typically a "
"2-bit error in a memory module)  that cannot be handled by the kernel is "
"detected in the background by hardware.  In some cases (like the page still "
"having a valid copy on disk), the kernel will handle the failure "
"transparently without affecting any applications.  But if there is no other "
"up-to-date copy of the data, it will kill processes to prevent any data "
"corruptions from propagating."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3514
msgid "The file has one of the following values:"
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3515 build/C/man5/proc.5:3552
#, no-wrap
msgid "1:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3520
msgid ""
"Kill all processes that have the corrupted-and-not-reloadable page mapped as "
"soon as the corruption is detected.  Note this is not supported for a few "
"types of pages, like kernel internally allocated data or the swap cache, but "
"works for the majority of user pages."
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3520 build/C/man5/proc.5:3554
#, no-wrap
msgid "0:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3523
msgid ""
"Only unmap the corrupted page from all processes and kill only a process "
"that tries to access it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3534
msgid ""
"The kill is performed using a B<SIGBUS> signal with I<si_code> set to "
"B<BUS_MCEERR_AO>.  Processes can handle this if they want to; see "
"B<sigaction>(2)  for more details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3537
msgid ""
"This feature is active only on architectures/platforms with advanced machine "
"check handling and depends on the hardware capabilities."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3544
msgid ""
"Applications can override the I<memory_failure_early_kill> setting "
"individually with the B<prctl>(2)  B<PR_MCE_KILL> operation."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3547 build/C/man5/proc.5:3560
msgid "Only present if the kernel was configured with B<CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3547
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/vm/memory_failure_recovery> (since Linux 2.6.32)"
msgstr ""

#.  The following is based on the text in Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3551
msgid "Enable memory failure recovery (when supported by the platform)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3554
msgid "Attempt recovery."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3556
msgid "Always panic on a memory failure."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3560
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/vm/oom_dump_tasks> (since Linux 2.6.25)"
msgstr ""

#.  The following is from Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3575
msgid ""
"Enables a system-wide task dump (excluding kernel threads) to be produced "
"when the kernel performs an OOM-killing.  The dump includes the following "
"information for each task (thread, process): thread ID, real user ID, thread "
"group ID (process ID), virtual memory size, resident set size, the CPU that "
"the task is scheduled on, oom_adj score (see the description of "
"I</proc/[pid]/oom_adj>), and command name.  This is helpful to determine why "
"the OOM-killer was invoked and to identify the rogue task that caused it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3581
msgid ""
"If this contains the value zero, this information is suppressed.  On very "
"large systems with thousands of tasks, it may not be feasible to dump the "
"memory state information for each one.  Such systems should not be forced to "
"incur a performance penalty in OOM situations when the information may not "
"be desired."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3584
msgid ""
"If this is set to nonzero, this information is shown whenever the OOM-killer "
"actually kills a memory-hogging task."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3586 build/C/man5/proc.5:3607
msgid "The default value is 0."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3586
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/vm/oom_kill_allocating_task> (since Linux 2.6.24)"
msgstr ""

#.  The following is from Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3591
msgid ""
"This enables or disables killing the OOM-triggering task in out-of-memory "
"situations."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3596
msgid ""
"If this is set to zero, the OOM-killer will scan through the entire tasklist "
"and select a task based on heuristics to kill.  This normally selects a "
"rogue memory-hogging task that frees up a large amount of memory when "
"killed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3600
msgid ""
"If this is set to nonzero, the OOM-killer simply kills the task that "
"triggered the out-of-memory condition.  This avoids a possibly expensive "
"tasklist scan."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3605
msgid ""
"If I</proc/sys/vm/panic_on_oom> is nonzero, it takes precedence over "
"whatever value is used in I</proc/sys/vm/oom_kill_allocating_task>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3607
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3611
msgid "This file contains the kernel virtual memory accounting mode.  Values are:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3614
msgid "0: heuristic overcommit (this is the default)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3616
msgid "1: always overcommit, never check"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3618
msgid "2: always check, never overcommit"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3632
msgid ""
"In mode 0, calls of B<mmap>(2)  with B<MAP_NORESERVE> are not checked, and "
"the default check is very weak, leading to the risk of getting a process "
"\"OOM-killed\".  Under Linux 2.4 any nonzero value implies mode 1.  In mode "
"2 (available since Linux 2.6), the total virtual address space on the system "
"is limited to (SS + RAM*(r/100)), where SS is the size of the swap space, "
"and RAM is the size of the physical memory, and r is the contents of the "
"file I</proc/sys/vm/overcommit_ratio>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3632
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/vm/overcommit_ratio>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3636
msgid "See the description of I</proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3636
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/vm/panic_on_oom> (since Linux 2.6.18)"
msgstr ""

#.  The following is adapted from Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3641
msgid "This enables or disables a kernel panic in an out-of-memory situation."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3646
msgid ""
"If this file is set to the value 0, the kernel's OOM-killer will kill some "
"rogue process.  Usually, the OOM-killer is able to kill a rogue process and "
"the system will survive."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3661
msgid ""
"If this file is set to the value 1, then the kernel normally panics when "
"out-of-memory happens.  However, if a process limits allocations to certain "
"nodes using memory policies (B<mbind>(2)  B<MPOL_BIND>)  or cpusets "
"(B<cpuset>(7))  and those nodes reach memory exhaustion status, one process "
"may be killed by the OOM-killer.  No panic occurs in this case: because "
"other nodes' memory may be free, this means the system as a whole may not "
"have reached an out-of-memory situation yet."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3664
msgid ""
"If this file is set to the value 2, the kernel always panics when an "
"out-of-memory condition occurs."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3668
msgid ""
"The default value is 0.  1 and 2 are for failover of clustering.  Select "
"either according to your policy of failover."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3668
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/vm/swappiness>"
msgstr ""

#.  The following is from Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3676
msgid ""
"The value in this file controls how aggressively the kernel will swap memory "
"pages.  Higher values increase aggressiveness, lower values decrease "
"aggressiveness.  The default value is 60."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3676
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sysrq-trigger> (since Linux 2.4.21)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3685
msgid ""
"Writing a character to this file triggers the same SysRq function as typing "
"ALT-SysRq-E<lt>characterE<gt> (see the description of "
"I</proc/sys/kernel/sysrq>).  This file is normally writable only by "
"I<root>.  For further details see the Linux kernel source file "
"I<Documentation/sysrq.txt>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3685
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sysvipc>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3698
msgid ""
"Subdirectory containing the pseudo-files I<msg>, I<sem> and I<shm>.  These "
"files list the System V Interprocess Communication (IPC) objects "
"(respectively: message queues, semaphores, and shared memory)  that "
"currently exist on the system, providing similar information to that "
"available via B<ipcs>(1).  These files have headers and are formatted (one "
"IPC object per line)  for easy understanding.  B<svipc>(7)  provides further "
"background on the information shown by these files."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3698
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/tty>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3702
msgid ""
"Subdirectory containing the pseudo-files and subdirectories for tty drivers "
"and line disciplines."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3702
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/uptime>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3706
msgid ""
"This file contains two numbers: the uptime of the system (seconds), and the "
"amount of time spent in idle process (seconds)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3706
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/version>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3715
msgid ""
"This string identifies the kernel version that is currently running.  It "
"includes the contents of I</proc/sys/kernel/ostype>, "
"I</proc/sys/kernel/osrelease> and I</proc/sys/kernel/version>.  For example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3719
#, no-wrap
msgid "CW<Linux version 1.0.9 (quinlan@phaze) #1 Sat May 14 01:51:54 EDT 1994>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3730
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/vmstat> (since Linux 2.6)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3733
msgid "This file displays various virtual memory statistics."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3733
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/zoneinfo> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
msgstr ""

#.  FIXME more should be said about /proc/zoneinfo
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3738
msgid ""
"This file display information about memory zones.  This is useful for "
"analyzing virtual memory behavior."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3745
msgid ""
"Many strings (i.e., the environment and command line) are in the internal "
"format, with subfields terminated by null bytes (\\(aq\\e0\\(aq), so you may "
"find that things are more readable if you use I<od -c> or I<tr \"\\e000\" "
"\"\\en\"> to read them.  Alternatively, I<echo \\`cat E<lt>fileE<gt>\\`> "
"works well."
msgstr ""

#.  .SH ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
#.  The material on /proc/sys/fs and /proc/sys/kernel is closely based on
#.  kernel source documentation files written by Rik van Riel.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3751
msgid ""
"This manual page is incomplete, possibly inaccurate, and is the kind of "
"thing that needs to be updated very often."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3777
msgid ""
"B<cat>(1), B<dmesg>(1), B<find>(1), B<free>(1), B<ps>(1), B<tr>(1), "
"B<uptime>(1), B<chroot>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<readlink>(2), B<syslog>(2), "
"B<slabinfo>(5), B<hier>(7), B<time>(7), B<arp>(8), B<hdparm>(8), "
"B<ifconfig>(8), B<init>(8), B<lsmod>(8), B<lspci>(8), B<mount>(8), "
"B<netstat>(8), B<procinfo>(8), B<route>(8), B<sysctl>(8)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3785
msgid ""
"The Linux kernel source files: I<Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt> "
"I<Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt>, I<Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt>, "
"I<Documentation/sysctl/net.txt>, and I<Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:24
#, no-wrap
msgid "STANDARDS"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:24
#, no-wrap
msgid "2014-01-15"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:27
msgid "standards - C and UNIX Standards"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:31
msgid ""
"The CONFORMING TO section that appears in many manual pages identifies "
"various standards to which the documented interface conforms.  The following "
"list briefly describes these standards."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:31
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<V7>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:37
msgid ""
"Version 7 (also known as Seventh Edition) UNIX, released by AT&T/Bell Labs "
"in 1979.  After this point, UNIX systems diverged into two main dialects: "
"BSD and System V."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:37
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<4.2BSD>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:46
msgid ""
"This is an implementation standard defined by the 4.2 release of the "
"I<Berkeley Software Distribution>, released by the University of California "
"at Berkeley.  This was the first Berkeley release that contained a TCP/IP "
"stack and the sockets API.  4.2BSD was released in 1983."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:55
msgid ""
"Earlier major BSD releases included I<3BSD> (1980), I<4BSD> (1980), and "
"I<4.1BSD> (1981)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:55
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<4.3BSD>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:58
msgid "The successor to 4.2BSD, released in 1986."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:58
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<4.4BSD>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:62
msgid ""
"The successor to 4.3BSD, released in 1993.  This was the last major Berkeley "
"release."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:62
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<System V>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:69
msgid ""
"This is an implementation standard defined by AT&T's milestone 1983 release "
"of its commercial System V (five) release.  The previous major AT&T release "
"was I<System III>, released in 1981."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:69
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<System V release 2 (SVr2)>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:76
msgid ""
"This was the next System V release, made in 1985.  The SVr2 was formally "
"described in the I<System V Interface Definition version 1> (I<SVID 1>)  "
"published in 1985."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:76
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<System V release 3 (SVr3)>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:82
msgid ""
"This was the successor to SVr2, released in 1986.  This release was formally "
"described in the I<System V Interface Definition version 2> (I<SVID 2>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:82
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<System V release 4 (SVr4)>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:92
msgid ""
"This was the successor to SVr3, released in 1989.  This version of System V "
"is described in the \"Programmer's Reference Manual: Operating System API "
"(Intel processors)\" (Prentice-Hall 1992, ISBN 0-13-951294-2)  This release "
"was formally described in the I<System V Interface Definition version 3> "
"(I<SVID 3>), and is considered the definitive System V release."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:92
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<SVID 4>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:98
msgid ""
"System V Interface Definition version 4, issued in 1995.  Available online "
"at E<.UR http://www.sco.com\\:/developers\\:/devspecs/> E<.UE .>"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:98
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<C89>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:112
msgid ""
"This was the first C language standard, ratified by ANSI (American National "
"Standards Institute) in 1989 (I<X3.159-1989>).  Sometimes this is known as "
"I<ANSI C>, but since C99 is also an ANSI standard, this term is ambiguous.  "
"This standard was also ratified by ISO (International Standards "
"Organization) in 1990 (I<ISO/IEC 9899:1990>), and is thus occasionally "
"referred to as I<ISO C90>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:112
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<C99>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:119
msgid ""
"This revision of the C language standard was ratified by ISO in 1999 "
"(I<ISO/IEC 9899:1999>).  Available online at E<.UR "
"http://www.open-std.org\\:/jtc1\\:/sc22\\:/wg14\\:/www\\:/standards> E<.UE "
".>"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:119
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<C11>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:123
msgid ""
"This revision of the C language standard was ratified by ISO in 2011 "
"(I<ISO/IEC 9899:2011>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:123
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<POSIX.1-1990>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:129
msgid ""
"\"Portable Operating System Interface for Computing Environments\".  IEEE "
"1003.1-1990 part 1, ratified by ISO in 1990 (I<ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990>).  The "
"term \"POSIX\" was coined by Richard Stallman."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:129
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<POSIX.2>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:134
msgid ""
"IEEE Std 1003.2-1992, describing commands and utilities, ratified by ISO in "
"1993 (I<ISO/IEC 9945-2:1993>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:134
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<POSIX.1b> (formerly known as I<POSIX.4>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:140
msgid ""
"IEEE Std 1003.1b-1993, describing real-time facilities for portable "
"operating systems, ratified by ISO in 1996 (I<ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:140
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<POSIX.1c>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:143
msgid "IEEE Std 1003.1c-1995, which describes the POSIX threads interfaces."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:143
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<POSIX.1d>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:146
msgid "IEEE Std 1003.1c-1999, which describes additional real-time extensions."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:146
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<POSIX.1g>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:149
msgid "IEEE Std 1003.1g-2000, which describes networking APIs (including sockets)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:149
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<POSIX.1j>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:152
msgid "IEEE Std 1003.1j-2000, which describes advanced real-time extensions."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:152
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<POSIX.1-1996>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:155
msgid "A 1996 revision of POSIX.1 which incorporated POSIX.1b and POSIX.1c."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:155
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<XPG3>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:162
msgid ""
"Released in 1989, this was the first significant release of the I<X/Open "
"Portability Guide>, produced by the X/Open Company, a multivendor "
"consortium.  This multivolume guide was based on the POSIX standards."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:162
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<XPG4>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:165
msgid "A revision of the X/Open Portability Guide, released in 1992."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:165
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<XPG4v2>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:172
msgid ""
"A 1994 revision of XPG4.  This is also referred to as I<Spec 1170>, where "
"1170 referred to the number of interfaces defined by this standard."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:172
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<SUS (SUSv1)>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:180
msgid ""
"Single UNIX Specification.  This was a repackaging of XPG4v2 and other "
"X/Open standards (X/Open Curses Issue 4 version 2, X/Open Networking Service "
"(XNS) Issue 4).  Systems conforming to this standard can be branded I<UNIX "
"95>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:180
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<SUSv2>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:191
msgid ""
"Single UNIX Specification version 2.  Sometimes also referred to as "
"I<XPG5>.  This standard appeared in 1997.  Systems conforming to this "
"standard can be branded I<UNIX 98>.  See also E<.UR "
"http://www.UNIX-systems.org\\:/version2/> E<.UE .)>"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:191
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<POSIX.1-2001, SUSv3>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:203
msgid ""
"This was a 2001 revision and consolidation of the POSIX.1, POSIX.2, and SUS "
"standards into a single document, conducted under the auspices of the Austin "
"group E<.UR http://www.opengroup.org\\:/austin/> E<.UE .> The standard is "
"available online at E<.UR http://www.unix-systems.org\\:/version3/> E<.UE ,> "
"and the interfaces that it describes are also available in the Linux manual "
"pages package under sections 1p and 3p (e.g., \"man 3p open\")."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:216
msgid ""
"The standard defines two levels of conformance: I<POSIX conformance>, which "
"is a baseline set of interfaces required of a conforming system; and I<XSI "
"Conformance>, which additionally mandates a set of interfaces (the \"XSI "
"extension\") which are only optional for POSIX conformance.  XSI-conformant "
"systems can be branded I<UNIX 03>.  (XSI conformance constitutes the "
"I<Single UNIX Specification version 3> (I<SUSv3>).)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:218
msgid "The POSIX.1-2001 document is broken into four parts:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:221
msgid "B<XBD>: Definitions, terms and concepts, header file specifications."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:225
msgid ""
"B<XSH>: Specifications of functions (i.e., system calls and library "
"functions in actual implementations)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:229
msgid ""
"B<XCU>: Specifications of commands and utilities (i.e., the area formerly "
"described by POSIX.2)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:232
msgid "B<XRAT>: Informative text on the other parts of the standard."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:236
msgid ""
"POSIX.1-2001 is aligned with C99, so that all of the library functions "
"standardized in C99 are also standardized in POSIX.1-2001."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:243
msgid ""
"Two Technical Corrigenda (minor fixes and improvements)  of the original "
"2001 standard have occurred: TC1 in 2003 (referred to as I<POSIX.1-2003>), "
"and TC2 in 2004 (referred to as I<POSIX.1-2004>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:243
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<POSIX.1-2008, SUSv4>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:247
msgid "Work on the next revision of POSIX.1/SUS was completed and ratified in 2008."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:256
msgid ""
"The changes in this revision are not as large as those that occurred for "
"POSIX.1-2001/SUSv3, but a number of new interfaces are added and various "
"details of existing specifications are modified.  Many of the interfaces "
"that were optional in POSIX.1-2001 become mandatory in the 2008 revision of "
"the standard.  A few interfaces that are present in POSIX.1-2001 are marked "
"as obsolete in POSIX.1-2008, or removed from the standard altogether."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:264
msgid ""
"The revised standard is broken into the same four parts as POSIX.1-2001, and "
"again there are two levels of conformance: the baseline I<POSIX "
"Conformance>, and I<XSI Conformance>, which mandates an additional set of "
"interfaces beyond those in the base specification."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:268
msgid ""
"In general, where the CONFORMING TO section of a manual page lists "
"POSIX.1-2001, it can be assumed that the interface also conforms to "
"POSIX.1-2008, unless otherwise noted."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:273
msgid ""
"Technical Corrigendum 1 (minor fixes and improvements)  of this standard was "
"released in 2013 (referred to as I<POSIX.1-2013>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:277
msgid ""
"Further information can be found on the Austin group web site, E<.UR "
"http://www.opengroup.org\\:/austin/> E<.UE .>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/standards.7:281
msgid "B<feature_test_macros>(7), B<libc>(7), B<posixoptions>(7)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:39
#, no-wrap
msgid "SUFFIXES"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:39
#, no-wrap
msgid "2000-11-16"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:42
msgid "suffixes - list of file suffixes"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:50
msgid ""
"It is customary to indicate the contents of a file with the file suffix, "
"which consists of a period, followed by one or more letters.  Many standard "
"utilities, such as compilers, use this to recognize the type of file they "
"are dealing with.  The B<make>(1)  utility is driven by rules based on file "
"suffix."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:53
msgid ""
"Following is a list of suffixes which are likely to be found on a Linux "
"system."
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:58
#, no-wrap
msgid "Suffix\tFile type\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:59
#, no-wrap
msgid " ,v\tfiles for RCS (Revision Control System)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:60
#, no-wrap
msgid " -\tbackup file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:61
#, no-wrap
msgid " .C\tC++ source code, equivalent to I<.cc>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:62
#, no-wrap
msgid " .F\tFortran source with B<cpp>(1) directives\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:63
#, no-wrap
msgid "\tor file compressed using freeze\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:64
#, no-wrap
msgid " .S\tassembler source with B<cpp>(1) directives\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:65
#, no-wrap
msgid " .Y\tfile compressed using yabba\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:66
#, no-wrap
msgid " .Z\tfile compressed using B<compress>(1)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:67
#, no-wrap
msgid " .[0-9]+gf\tTeX generic font files\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:68
#, no-wrap
msgid " .[0-9]+pk\tTeX packed font files\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:69
#, no-wrap
msgid " .[1-9]\tmanual page for the corresponding section\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:70
#, no-wrap
msgid " .[1-9][a-z]\tmanual page for section plus subsection\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:71
#, no-wrap
msgid " .a\tstatic object code library\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:72
#, no-wrap
msgid " .ad\tX application default resource file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:73
#, no-wrap
msgid " .ada\tAda source (may be body, spec, or combination)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:74
#, no-wrap
msgid " .adb\tAda body source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:75
#, no-wrap
msgid " .ads\tAda spec source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:76
#, no-wrap
msgid " .afm\tPostScript font metrics\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:77
#, no-wrap
msgid " .al\tPerl autoload file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:78
#, no-wrap
msgid " .am\tB<automake>(1) input file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:79
#, no-wrap
msgid " .arc\tB<arc>(1) archive\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:80
#, no-wrap
msgid " .arj\tB<arj>(1) archive\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:81
#, no-wrap
msgid " .asc\tPGP ASCII-armored data\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:82
#, no-wrap
msgid " .asm\t(GNU) assembler source file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:83
#, no-wrap
msgid " .au\tAudio sound file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:84
#, no-wrap
msgid " .aux\tLaTeX auxiliary file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:85
#, no-wrap
msgid " .avi\t(msvideo) movie\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:86
#, no-wrap
msgid " .awk\tAWK language program\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:87
#, no-wrap
msgid " .b\tLILO boot loader image\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:88
#, no-wrap
msgid " .bak\tbackup file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:89
#, no-wrap
msgid " .bash\tB<bash>(1) shell script\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:90
#, no-wrap
msgid " .bb\tbasic block list data produced by\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:91 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:93
#, no-wrap
msgid "\tgcc -ftest-coverage\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:92
#, no-wrap
msgid " .bbg\tbasic block graph data produced by\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:94
#, no-wrap
msgid " .bbl\tBibTeX output\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:95
#, no-wrap
msgid " .bdf\tX font file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:96
#, no-wrap
msgid " .bib\tTeX bibliographic database, BibTeX input\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:97
#, no-wrap
msgid " .bm\tbitmap source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:98
#, no-wrap
msgid " .bmp\tbitmap\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:99
#, no-wrap
msgid " .bz2\tfile compressed using B<bzip2>(1)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:100
#, no-wrap
msgid " .c\tC source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:101
#, no-wrap
msgid " .cat\tmessage catalog files\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:102
#, no-wrap
msgid " .cc\tC++ source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:103
#, no-wrap
msgid " .cf\tconfiguration file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:104
#, no-wrap
msgid " .cfg\tconfiguration file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:105
#, no-wrap
msgid " .cgi\tWWW content generating script or program\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:106
#, no-wrap
msgid " .cls\tLaTeX Class definition\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:107
#, no-wrap
msgid " .class\tJava compiled byte-code\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:108
#, no-wrap
msgid " .conf\tconfiguration file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:109
#, no-wrap
msgid " .config\tconfiguration file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:110
#, no-wrap
msgid " .cpp\tequivalent to I<.cc>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:111
#, no-wrap
msgid " .csh\tB<csh>(1) shell script\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:112
#, no-wrap
msgid " .cxx\tequivalent to I<.cc>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:113
#, no-wrap
msgid " .dat\tdata file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:114
#, no-wrap
msgid " .deb\tDebian software package\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:115
#, no-wrap
msgid " .def\tModula-2 source for definition modules\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:116
#, no-wrap
msgid " .def\tother definition files\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:117
#, no-wrap
msgid " .desc\tinitial part of mail message unpacked with\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:118
#, no-wrap
msgid "\tB<munpack>(1)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:119
#, no-wrap
msgid " .diff\tfile differences (B<diff>(1) command output)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:120
#, no-wrap
msgid " .dir\tdbm data base directory file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:121
#, no-wrap
msgid " .doc\tdocumentation file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:122
#, no-wrap
msgid " .dsc\tDebian Source Control (source package)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:123
#, no-wrap
msgid " .dtx\tLaTeX package source file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:124
#, no-wrap
msgid " .dvi\tTeX's device independent output\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:125
#, no-wrap
msgid " .el\tEmacs-Lisp source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:126
#, no-wrap
msgid " .elc\tcompiled Emacs-Lisp source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:127
#, no-wrap
msgid " .eps\tencapsulated PostScript\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:128
#, no-wrap
msgid " .exp\tExpect source code\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:129
#, no-wrap
msgid " .f\tFortran source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:130
#, no-wrap
msgid " .f77\tFortran 77 source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:131
#, no-wrap
msgid " .f90\tFortran 90 source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:132
#, no-wrap
msgid " .fas\tprecompiled Common-Lisp\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:133
#, no-wrap
msgid " .fi\tFortran include files\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:134
#, no-wrap
msgid " .fig\tFIG image file (used by B<xfig>(1))\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:135
#, no-wrap
msgid " .fmt\tTeX format file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:136
#, no-wrap
msgid " .gif\tCompuserve Graphics Image File format\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:137
#, no-wrap
msgid " .gmo\tGNU format message catalog\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:138
#, no-wrap
msgid " .gsf\tGhostscript fonts\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:139
#, no-wrap
msgid " .gz\tfile compressed using B<gzip>(1)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:140
#, no-wrap
msgid " .h\tC or C++ header files\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:141
#, no-wrap
msgid " .help\thelp file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:142
#, no-wrap
msgid " .hf\tequivalent to I<.help>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:143
#, no-wrap
msgid " .hlp\tequivalent to I<.help>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:144
#, no-wrap
msgid " .htm\tpoor man's I<.html>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:145
#, no-wrap
msgid " .html\tHTML document used with the World Wide Web\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:146
#, no-wrap
msgid " .hqx\t7-bit encoded Macintosh file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:147
#, no-wrap
msgid " .i\tC source after preprocessing\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:148
#, no-wrap
msgid " .icon\tbitmap source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:149
#, no-wrap
msgid " .idx\treference or datum-index file for hypertext\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:150
#, no-wrap
msgid "\tor database system\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:151
#, no-wrap
msgid " .image\tbitmap source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:152
#, no-wrap
msgid " .in\tconfiguration template, especially for GNU Autoconf\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:153
#, no-wrap
msgid " .info\tfiles for the Emacs info browser\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:154
#, no-wrap
msgid " .info-[0-9]+\tsplit info files\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:155
#, no-wrap
msgid " .ins\tLaTeX package install file for docstrip\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:156
#, no-wrap
msgid " .itcl\titcl source code;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:157
#, no-wrap
msgid "\titcl ([incr Tcl]) is an OO extension of tcl\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:158
#, no-wrap
msgid " .java\ta Java source file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:159
#, no-wrap
msgid " .jpeg\tJoint Photographic Experts Group format\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:160
#, no-wrap
msgid " .jpg\tpoor man's I<.jpeg>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:161
#, no-wrap
msgid " .kmap\tB<lyx>(1) keymap\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:162
#, no-wrap
msgid " .l\tequivalent to I<.lex> or I<.lisp>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:163
#, no-wrap
msgid " .lex\tB<lex>(1) or B<flex>(1) files\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:164
#, no-wrap
msgid " .lha\tlharc archive\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:165
#, no-wrap
msgid " .lib\tCommon-Lisp library\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:166
#, no-wrap
msgid " .lisp\tLisp source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:167
#, no-wrap
msgid " .ln\tfiles for use with B<lint>(1)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:168
#, no-wrap
msgid " .log\tlog file, in particular produced by TeX\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:169
#, no-wrap
msgid " .lsm\tLinux Software Map entry\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:170
#, no-wrap
msgid " .lsp\tCommon-Lisp source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:171
#, no-wrap
msgid " .lzh\tlharc archive\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:172
#, no-wrap
msgid " .m\tObjective-C source code\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:173
#, no-wrap
msgid " .m4\tB<m4>(1) source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:174
#, no-wrap
msgid " .mac\tmacro files for various programs\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:175
#, no-wrap
msgid " .man\tmanual page (usually source rather than formatted)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:176
#, no-wrap
msgid " .map\tmap files for various programs\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:177
#, no-wrap
msgid " .me\tNroff source using the me macro package\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:178
#, no-wrap
msgid " .mf\tMetafont (font generator for TeX) source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:179
#, no-wrap
msgid " .mgp\tMagicPoint file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:180
#, no-wrap
msgid " .mm\tsources for B<groff>(1) in mm - format\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:181
#, no-wrap
msgid " .mo\tMessage catalog binary file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:182
#, no-wrap
msgid " .mod\tModula-2 source for implementation modules\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:183
#, no-wrap
msgid " .mov\t(quicktime) movie\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:184
#, no-wrap
msgid " .mp\tMetapost source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:185
#, no-wrap
msgid " .mp2\tMPEG Layer 2 (audio) file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:186
#, no-wrap
msgid " .mp3\tMPEG Layer 3 (audio) file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:187
#, no-wrap
msgid " .mpeg\tmovie file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:188
#, no-wrap
msgid " .o\tobject file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:189
#, no-wrap
msgid " .old\told or backup file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:190
#, no-wrap
msgid " .orig\tbackup (original) version of a file, from B<patch>(1)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:191
#, no-wrap
msgid " .out\toutput file, often executable program (a.out)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:192
#, no-wrap
msgid " .p\tPascal source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:193
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pag\tdbm data base data file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:194
#, no-wrap
msgid " .patch\tfile differences for B<patch>(1)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:195
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pbm\tportable bitmap format\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:196
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pcf\tX11 font files\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:197
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pdf\tAdobe Portable Data Format\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:198
#, no-wrap
msgid "\t(use Acrobat/B<acroread> or B<xpdf>)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:199
#, no-wrap
msgid " .perl\tPerl source (see .ph, .pl and .pm)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:200
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pfa\tPostScript font definition files, ASCII format\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:201
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pfb\tPostScript font definition files, binary format\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:202
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pgm\tportable greymap format\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:203
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pgp\tPGP binary data\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:204
#, no-wrap
msgid " .ph\tPerl header file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:205
#, no-wrap
msgid " .php\tPHP program file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:206
#, no-wrap
msgid " .php3\tPHP3 program file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:207
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pid\tFile to store daemon PID (e.g., crond.pid)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:208
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pl\tTeX property list file or Perl library file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:209
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pm\tPerl module\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:210
#, no-wrap
msgid " .png\tPortable Network Graphics file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:211
#, no-wrap
msgid " .po\tMessage catalog source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:212
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pod\tB<perldoc>(1) file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:213
#, no-wrap
msgid " .ppm\tportable pixmap format\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:214
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pr\tbitmap source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:215
#, no-wrap
msgid " .ps\tPostScript file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:216
#, no-wrap
msgid " .py\tPython source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:217
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pyc\tcompiled python\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:218
#, no-wrap
msgid " .qt\tquicktime movie\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:219
#, no-wrap
msgid " .r\tRATFOR source (obsolete)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:220
#, no-wrap
msgid " .rej\tpatches that B<patch>(1) couldn't apply\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:221
#, no-wrap
msgid " .rpm\tRPM software package\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:222
#, no-wrap
msgid " .rtf\tRich Text Format file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:223
#, no-wrap
msgid " .rules\trules for something\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:224
#, no-wrap
msgid " .s\tassembler source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:225
#, no-wrap
msgid " .sa\tstub libraries for a.out shared libraries\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:226
#, no-wrap
msgid " .sc\tB<sc>(1) spreadsheet commands\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:227
#, no-wrap
msgid " .scm\tScheme source code\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:228
#, no-wrap
msgid " .sed\tsed source file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:229
#, no-wrap
msgid " .sgml\tSGML source file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:230
#, no-wrap
msgid " .sh\tB<sh>(1) scripts\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:231
#, no-wrap
msgid " .shar\tarchive created by the B<shar>(1) utility\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:232
#, no-wrap
msgid " .so\tShared library or dynamically loadable object\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:233
#, no-wrap
msgid " .sql\tSQL source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:234
#, no-wrap
msgid " .sqml\tSQML schema or query program\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:235
#, no-wrap
msgid " .sty\tLaTeX style files\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:236
#, no-wrap
msgid " .sym\tModula-2 compiled definition modules\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:237
#, no-wrap
msgid " .tar\tarchive created by the B<tar>(1) utility\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:238
#, no-wrap
msgid " .tar.Z\ttar(1) archive compressed with B<compress>(1)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:239
#, no-wrap
msgid " .tar.bz2\ttar(1) archive compressed with B<bzip2>(1)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:240
#, no-wrap
msgid " .tar.gz\ttar(1) archive compressed with B<gzip>(1)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:241
#, no-wrap
msgid " .taz\ttar(1) archive compressed with B<compress>(1)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:242
#, no-wrap
msgid " .tcl\ttcl source code\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:243
#, no-wrap
msgid " .tex\tTeX or LaTeX source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:244
#, no-wrap
msgid " .texi\tequivalent to I<.texinfo>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:245
#, no-wrap
msgid " .texinfo\tTexinfo documentation source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:246
#, no-wrap
msgid " .text\ttext file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:247
#, no-wrap
msgid " .tfm\tTeX font metric file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:248
#, no-wrap
msgid " .tgz\ttar archive compressed with B<gzip>(1)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:249
#, no-wrap
msgid " .tif\tpoor man's I<.tiff>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:250
#, no-wrap
msgid " .tiff\tTagged Image File Format\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:251
#, no-wrap
msgid " .tk\ttcl/tk script\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:252
#, no-wrap
msgid " .tmp\ttemporary file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:253
#, no-wrap
msgid " .tmpl\ttemplate files\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:254
#, no-wrap
msgid " .txt\tequivalent to I<.text>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:255
#, no-wrap
msgid " .uu\tequivalent to I<.uue>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:256
#, no-wrap
msgid " .uue\tbinary file encoded with B<uuencode>(1)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:257
#, no-wrap
msgid " .vf\tTeX virtual font file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:258
#, no-wrap
msgid " .vpl\tTeX virtual property list file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:259
#, no-wrap
msgid " .w\tSilvio Levi's CWEB\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:260
#, no-wrap
msgid " .wav\twave sound file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:261
#, no-wrap
msgid " .web\tDonald Knuth's WEB\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:262
#, no-wrap
msgid " .wml\tSource file for Web Meta Language\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:263
#, no-wrap
msgid " .xbm\tX11 bitmap source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:264
#, no-wrap
msgid " .xcf\tGIMP graphic\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:265
#, no-wrap
msgid " .xml\teXtended Markup Language file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:266
#, no-wrap
msgid " .xpm\tX11 pixmap source\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:267
#, no-wrap
msgid " .xs\tPerl xsub file produced by h2xs\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:268
#, no-wrap
msgid " .xsl\tXSL stylesheet\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:269
#, no-wrap
msgid " .y\tB<yacc>(1) or B<bison>(1) (parser generator) files\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:270
#, no-wrap
msgid " .z\tFile compressed using B<pack>(1) (or an old B<gzip>(1))\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:271
#, no-wrap
msgid " .zip\tB<zip>(1) archive\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:272
#, no-wrap
msgid " .zoo\tB<zoo>(1) archive\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:273
#, no-wrap
msgid " ~\tEmacs or B<patch>(1) backup file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:274
#, no-wrap
msgid " rc\tstartup (`run control') file, e.g., I<.newsrc>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:278
msgid "General UNIX conventions."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:280
msgid "This list is not exhaustive."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:283
msgid "B<file>(1), B<make>(1)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/undocumented.3:29
#, no-wrap
msgid "UNDOCUMENTED"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man3/undocumented.3:29
#, no-wrap
msgid "2012-12-21"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/undocumented.3:32
msgid "none - undocumented library functions"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/undocumented.3:34
msgid "Undocumented library functions"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/undocumented.3:37
msgid ""
"This man page mentions those library functions which are implemented in the "
"standard libraries but not yet documented in man pages."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man3/undocumented.3:37
#, no-wrap
msgid "Solicitation"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/undocumented.3:43
msgid ""
"If you have information about these functions, please look in the source "
"code, write a man page (using a style similar to that of the other Linux "
"section 3 man pages), and send it to B<mtk.manpages@gmail.com> for inclusion "
"in the next man page release."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man3/undocumented.3:43
#, no-wrap
msgid "The list"
msgstr ""

#.  .BR chflags (3),
#.  .BR fattach (3),
#.  .BR fchflags (3),
#.  .BR fclean (3),
#.  .BR fdetach (3),
#.  .BR obstack stuff (3),
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/undocumented.3:183
msgid ""
"B<authdes_create>(3), B<authdes_getucred>(3), B<authdes_pk_create>(3), "
"B<clntunix_create>(3), B<creat64>(3), B<dn_skipname>(3), B<fcrypt>(3), "
"B<fp_nquery>(3), B<fp_query>(3), B<fp_resstat>(3), B<freading>(3), "
"B<freopen64>(3), B<fseeko64>(3), B<ftello64>(3), B<ftw64>(3), B<fwscanf>(3), "
"B<get_avphys_pages>(3), B<getdirentries64>(3), B<getmsg>(3), "
"B<getnetname>(3), B<get_nprocs>(3), B<get_nprocs_conf>(3), "
"B<get_phys_pages>(3), B<getpublickey>(3), B<getsecretkey>(3), "
"B<h_errlist>(3), B<host2netname>(3), B<hostalias>(3), B<inet_nsap_addr>(3), "
"B<inet_nsap_ntoa>(3), B<init_des>(3), B<libc_nls_init>(3), B<lio_listio>(3), "
"B<mstats>(3), B<netname2host>(3), B<netname2user>(3), B<nlist>(3), "
"B<obstack_free>(3), B<parse_printf_format>(3), B<p_cdname>(3), "
"B<p_cdnname>(3), B<p_class>(3), B<p_fqname>(3), B<p_option>(3), "
"B<p_query>(3), B<printf_size>(3), B<printf_size_info>(3), B<p_rr>(3), "
"B<p_time>(3), B<p_type>(3), B<putlong>(3), B<putshort>(3), "
"B<re_compile_fastmap>(3), B<re_compile_pattern>(3), "
"B<register_printf_function>(3), B<re_match>(3), B<re_match_2>(3), "
"B<re_rx_search>(3), B<re_search>(3), B<re_search_2>(3), "
"B<re_set_registers>(3), B<re_set_syntax>(3), B<res_send_setqhook>(3), "
"B<res_send_setrhook>(3), B<ruserpass>(3), B<setfileno>(3), "
"B<sethostfile>(3), B<svc_exit>(3), B<svcudp_enablecache>(3), B<tell>(3), "
"B<tr_break>(3), B<tzsetwall>(3), B<ufc_dofinalperm>(3), B<ufc_doit>(3), "
"B<user2netname>(3), B<vlimit>(3), B<vtimes>(3), B<wcschrnul>(3), "
"B<wcsftime>(3), B<wscanf>(3), B<xdr_authdes_cred>(3), "
"B<xdr_authdes_verf>(3), B<xdr_cryptkeyarg>(3), B<xdr_cryptkeyres>(3), "
"B<xdr_datum>(3), B<xdr_des_block>(3), B<xdr_domainname>(3), "
"B<xdr_getcredres>(3), B<xdr_keybuf>(3), B<xdr_keystatus>(3), "
"B<xdr_mapname>(3), B<xdr_netnamestr>(3), B<xdr_netobj>(3), B<xdr_passwd>(3), "
"B<xdr_peername>(3), B<xdr_rmtcall_args>(3), B<xdr_rmtcallres>(3), "
"B<xdr_unixcred>(3), B<xdr_yp_buf>(3), B<xdr_yp_inaddr>(3), "
"B<xdr_ypbind_binding>(3), B<xdr_ypbind_resp>(3), B<xdr_ypbind_resptype>(3), "
"B<xdr_ypbind_setdom>(3), B<xdr_ypdelete_args>(3), B<xdr_ypmaplist>(3), "
"B<xdr_ypmaplist_str>(3), B<xdr_yppasswd>(3), B<xdr_ypreq_key>(3), "
"B<xdr_ypreq_nokey>(3), B<xdr_ypresp_all>(3), B<xdr_ypresp_all_seq>(3), "
"B<xdr_ypresp_key_val>(3), B<xdr_ypresp_maplist>(3), B<xdr_ypresp_master>(3), "
"B<xdr_ypresp_order>(3), B<xdr_ypresp_val>(3), B<xdr_ypstat>(3), "
"B<xdr_ypupdate_args>(3), B<yp_all>(3), B<yp_bind>(3), B<yperr_string>(3), "
"B<yp_first>(3), B<yp_get_default_domain>(3), B<yp_maplist>(3), "
"B<yp_master>(3), B<yp_match>(3), B<yp_next>(3), B<yp_order>(3), "
"B<ypprot_err>(3), B<yp_unbind>(3), B<yp_update>(3)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:26
#, no-wrap
msgid "UNIMPLEMENTED"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:26
#, no-wrap
msgid "2013-02-12"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:31
msgid ""
"afs_syscall, break, fattach, fdetach, ftime, getmsg, getpmsg, gtty, "
"isastream, lock, madvise1, mpx, prof, profil, putmsg, putpmsg, security, "
"stty, tuxcall, ulimit, vserver - unimplemented system calls"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:33
msgid "Unimplemented system calls."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:35
msgid "These system calls are not implemented in the Linux kernel."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:40
msgid "These system calls always return -1 and set I<errno> to B<ENOSYS>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:47
msgid ""
"Note that B<ftime>(3), B<profil>(3)  and B<ulimit>(3)  are implemented as "
"library functions."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:56
msgid ""
"Some system calls, like B<alloc_hugepages>(2), B<free_hugepages>(2), "
"B<ioperm>(2), B<iopl>(2), and B<vm86>(2)  exist only on certain "
"architectures."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:64
msgid ""
"Some system calls, like B<ipc>(2), B<create_module>(2), B<init_module>(2), "
"and B<delete_module>(2)  exist only when the Linux kernel was built with "
"support for them."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:66
msgid "B<syscalls>(2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/units.7:26
#, no-wrap
msgid "UNITS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/units.7:29
msgid "units, kilo, kibi, mega, mebi, giga, gibi - decimal and binary prefixes"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/units.7:30
#, no-wrap
msgid "Decimal prefixes"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/units.7:34
msgid ""
"The SI system of units uses prefixes that indicate powers of ten.  A "
"kilometer is 1000 meter, and a megawatt is 1000000 watt.  Below the standard "
"prefixes."
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:37 build/C/man7/units.7:79
#, no-wrap
msgid "Prefix\tName\tValue\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:38
#, no-wrap
msgid "y\tyocto\t10^-24 = 0.000000000000000000000001\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:39
#, no-wrap
msgid "z\tzepto\t10^-21 = 0.000000000000000000001\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:40
#, no-wrap
msgid "a\tatto\t10^-18 = 0.000000000000000001\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:41
#, no-wrap
msgid "f\tfemto\t10^-15 = 0.000000000000001\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:42
#, no-wrap
msgid "p\tpico\t10^-12 = 0.000000000001\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:43
#, no-wrap
msgid "n\tnano\t10^-9  = 0.000000001\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:44
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\(mc\tmicro\t10^-6  = 0.000001\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:45
#, no-wrap
msgid "m\tmilli\t10^-3  = 0.001\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:46
#, no-wrap
msgid "c\tcenti\t10^-2  = 0.01\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:47
#, no-wrap
msgid "d\tdeci\t10^-1  = 0.1\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:48
#, no-wrap
msgid "da\tdeka\t10^ 1  = 10\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:49
#, no-wrap
msgid "h\thecto\t10^ 2  = 100\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:50
#, no-wrap
msgid "k\tkilo\t10^ 3  = 1000\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:51
#, no-wrap
msgid "M\tmega\t10^ 6  = 1000000\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:52
#, no-wrap
msgid "G\tgiga\t10^ 9  = 1000000000\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:53
#, no-wrap
msgid "T\ttera\t10^12  = 1000000000000\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:54
#, no-wrap
msgid "P\tpeta\t10^15  = 1000000000000000\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:55
#, no-wrap
msgid "E\texa\t10^18  = 1000000000000000000\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:56
#, no-wrap
msgid "Z\tzetta\t10^21  = 1000000000000000000000\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:57
#, no-wrap
msgid "Y\tyotta\t10^24  = 1000000000000000000000000\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/units.7:64
msgid ""
"The symbol for micro is the Greek letter mu, often written u in an ASCII "
"context where this Greek letter is not available.  See also"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/units.7:68
msgid "E<.UR http://physics.nist.gov\\:/cuu\\:/Units\\:/prefixes.html> E<.UE>"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/units.7:69
#, no-wrap
msgid "Binary prefixes"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/units.7:76
msgid ""
"The binary prefixes resemble the decimal ones, but have an additional "
"\\(aqi\\(aq (and \"Ki\" starts with a capital \\(aqK\\(aq).  The names are "
"formed by taking the first syllable of the names of the decimal prefix with "
"roughly the same size, followed by \"bi\" for \"binary\"."
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:80
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ki\tkibi\t2^10 = 1024\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:81
#, no-wrap
msgid "Mi\tmebi\t2^20 = 1048576\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:82
#, no-wrap
msgid "Gi\tgibi\t2^30 = 1073741824\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:83
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ti\ttebi\t2^40 = 1099511627776\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:84
#, no-wrap
msgid "Pi\tpebi\t2^50 = 1125899906842624\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: tbl table
#: build/C/man7/units.7:85
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ei\texbi\t2^60 = 1152921504606846976\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/units.7:90
msgid "See also"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/units.7:93
msgid "E<.UR http://physics.nist.gov\\:/cuu\\:/Units\\:/binary.html> E<.UE>"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: build/C/man7/units.7:93
#, no-wrap
msgid "Discussion"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/units.7:98
msgid ""
"Before these binary prefixes were introduced, it was fairly common to use "
"k=1000 and K=1024, just like b=bit, B=byte.  Unfortunately, the M is capital "
"already, and cannot be capitalized to indicate binary-ness."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/units.7:109
msgid ""
"At first that didn't matter too much, since memory modules and disks came in "
"sizes that were powers of two, so everyone knew that in such contexts "
"\"kilobyte\" and \"megabyte\" meant 1024 and 1048576 bytes, respectively.  "
"What originally was a sloppy use of the prefixes \"kilo\" and \"mega\" "
"started to become regarded as the \"real true meaning\" when computers were "
"involved.  But then disk technology changed, and disk sizes became arbitrary "
"numbers.  After a period of uncertainty all disk manufacturers settled on "
"the standard, namely k=1000, M=1000k, G=1000M."
msgstr ""

#.  also common: 14.4k modem
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/units.7:116
msgid ""
"The situation was messy: in the 14k4 modems, k=1000; in the 1.44MB "
"diskettes, M=1024000; and so on.  In 1998 the IEC approved the standard that "
"defines the binary prefixes given above, enabling people to be precise and "
"unambiguous."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/units.7:118
msgid "Thus, today, MB = 1000000B and MiB = 1048576B."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/units.7:122
msgid ""
"In the free software world programs are slowly being changed to conform.  "
"When the Linux kernel boots and says"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/units.7:126
#, no-wrap
msgid "hda: 120064896 sectors (61473 MB) w/2048KiB Cache\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/units.7:130
msgid "the MB are megabytes and the KiB are kibibytes."
msgstr ""

#.  Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
#. 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
#
#.  %%%LICENSE_START(BSD_4_CLAUSE_UCB)
#.  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
#.  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
#.  are met:
#.  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
#.     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
#.  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
#.     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
#.     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
#.  3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
#.     must display the following acknowledgement:
#. 	This product includes software developed by the University of
#. 	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
#.  4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
#.     may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
#.     without specific prior written permission.
#
#.  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
#.  ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
#.  IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
#.  ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
#.  FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
#.  DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
#.  OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
#.  HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
#.  LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
#.  OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
#.  SUCH DAMAGE.
#.  %%%LICENSE_END
#
#.      @(#)mdoc.samples.7	8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
#. 	$Id: mdoc.samples.7,v 1.17 1998/12/03 03:38:45 jkoshy Exp $
#
#.  This tutorial sampler invokes every macro in the package several
#.  times and is guaranteed to give a worst case performance
#.  for an already extremely slow package.
#
#.  String \*(Pu was not defined, probably means punctuation
#. type: ds Pu
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:42
#, no-wrap
msgid "[ .,:;()[]?! ]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Dd
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:43
#, no-wrap
msgid "December 30, 1993"
msgstr ""

#. type: Dt
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:45
#, no-wrap
msgid "MDOC.SAMPLES 7"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:48
msgid "E<.Nm mdoc.samples>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Nd
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:48
#, no-wrap
msgid "tutorial sampler for writing"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:52
msgid "E<.Bx> manuals with E<.Nm \\-mdoc>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:54
msgid "E<.Nm man mdoc.samples>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:100
msgid ""
"A tutorial sampler for writing E<.Bx> manual pages with the E<.Nm \\-mdoc> "
"macro package, a E<.Em content Ns \\-based> and E<.Em domain Ns \\-based> "
"formatting package for E<.Xr troff 1>.  Its predecessor, the E<.Xr \\-man 7> "
"package, addressed page layout leaving the manipulation of fonts and other "
"typesetting details to the individual author.  In E<.Nm \\-mdoc>, page "
"layout macros make up the E<.Em \"page structure domain\"> which consists of "
"macros for titles, section headers, displays and lists.  Essentially items "
"which affect the physical position of text on a formatted page.  In addition "
"to the page structure domain, there are two more domains, the manual domain "
"and the general text domain.  The general text domain is defined as macros "
"which perform tasks such as quoting or emphasizing pieces of text.  The "
"manual domain is defined as macros that are a subset of the day to day "
"informal language used to describe commands, routines and related E<.Bx> "
"files.  Macros in the manual domain handle command names, command-line "
"arguments and options, function names, function parameters, pathnames, "
"variables, cross references to other manual pages, and so on.  These domain "
"items have value for both the author and the future user of the manual "
"page.  It is hoped the consistency gained across the manual set will provide "
"easier translation to future documentation tools."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:107
msgid ""
"Throughout the E<.Ux> manual pages, a manual entry is simply referred to as "
"a man page, regardless of actual length and without sexist intention."
msgstr ""

#. type: Sh
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:107
#, no-wrap
msgid "GETTING STARTED"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:113
msgid ""
"Since a tutorial document is normally read when a person desires to use the "
"material immediately, the assumption has been made that the user of this "
"document may be impatient.  The material presented in the remained of this "
"document is outlined as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:116
msgid "E<.Tn \"TROFF IDIOSYNCRASIES\">"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:117
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Macro Usage\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:118
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Passing Space Characters in an Argument\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:119
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Trailing Blank Space Characters (a warning)\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:120
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Escaping Special Characters\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:124
msgid "E<.Tn \"THE ANATOMY OF A MAN PAGE\">"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:125
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"A manual page template\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:129
msgid "E<.Tn \"TITLE MACROS\">."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:131
msgid "E<.Tn \"INTRODUCTION OF MANUAL AND GENERAL TEXT DOMAINS\">."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:132
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"What's in a name...\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:133
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"General Syntax\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:137
msgid "E<.Tn \"MANUAL DOMAIN\">"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:138
#, no-wrap
msgid "Addresses ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:139
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Author name\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:140
#, no-wrap
msgid "Arguments ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:141
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Configuration Declarations (section four only)\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:142
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Command Modifier\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:143
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Defined Variables\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:144
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Errno's (Section two only)\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:145
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Environment Variables\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:146
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Function Argument\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:147
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Function Declaration\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:148
#, no-wrap
msgid "Flags ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:149
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Functions (library routines)\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:150
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Function Types\" ."
msgstr ""

#.  .It "Header File (including source code)" .
#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:152
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Interactive Commands\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:153
#, no-wrap
msgid "Names ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:154
#, no-wrap
msgid "Options ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:155
#, no-wrap
msgid "Pathnames ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:156
#, no-wrap
msgid "Variables ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:157
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Cross References\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:161
msgid "E<.Tn \"GENERAL TEXT DOMAIN\">"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:162
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"AT&T Macro\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:163
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"BSD Macro\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:164
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"FreeBSD Macro\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:165
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"UNIX Macro\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:166
#, no-wrap
msgid "Enclosure/Quoting Macros"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:168
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Angle Bracket Quote/Enclosure\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:169
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Bracket Quotes/Enclosure\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:170
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Double Quote macro/Enclosure\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:171
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Parenthesis Quote/Enclosure\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:172
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Single Quotes/Enclosure\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:173
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Prefix Macro\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:175
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"No\\-Op or Normal Text Macro\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:176
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"No Space Macro\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:177
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Section Cross References\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:178
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"References and Citations\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:179
#, no-wrap
msgid "Return Values (sections two and three only)"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:180
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Trade Names (Acronyms and Type Names)\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:181
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Extended  Arguments\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:185
msgid "E<.Tn \"PAGE STRUCTURE DOMAIN\">"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:186
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Section Headers\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:187
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Paragraphs and Line Spacing\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:188
#, no-wrap
msgid "Keeps ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:189
#, no-wrap
msgid "Displays ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:190
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Font Modes (Emphasis, Literal, and Symbolic)\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:191
#, no-wrap
msgid "\"Lists and Columns\" ."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:195
msgid "E<.Tn \"PREDEFINED STRINGS\">"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:197
msgid "E<.Tn \"DIAGNOSTICS\">"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:199
msgid "E<.Tn \"FORMATTING WITH GROFF, TROFF AND NROFF\">"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:201
msgid "E<.Tn \"BUGS\">"
msgstr ""

#. type: Sh
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:203
#, no-wrap
msgid "TROFF IDIOSYNCRASIES"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:217
msgid ""
"The E<.Nm \\-mdoc> package attempts to simplify the process of writing a man "
"page.  Theoretically, one should not have to learn the dirty details of "
"E<.Xr troff 1> to use E<.Nm \\-mdoc>; however, there are a few limitations "
"which are unavoidable and best gotten out of the way.  And, too, be "
"forewarned, this package is E<.Em not> fast."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:217
#, no-wrap
msgid "Macro Usage"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:242
msgid ""
"As in E<.Xr troff 1>, a macro is called by placing a E<.Ql \\&.> (dot "
"character)  at the beginning of a line followed by the two character name "
"for the macro.  Arguments may follow the macro separated by spaces.  It is "
"the dot character at the beginning of the line which causes E<.Xr troff 1> "
"to interpret the next two characters as a macro name.  To place a E<.Ql "
"\\&.> (dot character)  at the beginning of a line in some context other than "
"a macro invocation, precede the E<.Ql \\&.> (dot) with the E<.Ql \\e&> "
"escape sequence.  The E<.Ql \\e&> translates literally to a zero width "
"space, and is never displayed in the output."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:257
msgid ""
"In general, E<.Xr troff 1> macros accept up to nine arguments, any extra "
"arguments are ignored.  Most macros in E<.Nm \\-mdoc> accept nine arguments "
"and, in limited cases, arguments may be continued or extended on the next "
"line (See E<.Sx Extensions>).  A few macros handle quoted arguments (see "
"E<.Sx Passing Space Characters in an Argument> below)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:284
msgid ""
"Most of the E<.Nm \\-mdoc> general text domain and manual domain macros are "
"special in that their argument lists are E<.Em parsed> for callable macro "
"names.  This means an argument on the argument list which matches a general "
"text or manual domain macro name and is determined to be callable will be "
"executed or called when it is processed.  In this case, the argument, "
"although the name of a macro, is not preceded by a E<.Ql \\&.> (dot).  It is "
"in this manner that many macros are nested; for example the option macro, "
"E<.Ql \\&.Op>, may E<.Em call> the flag and argument macros, E<.Ql \\&Fl> "
"and E<.Ql \\&Ar>, to specify an optional flag with an argument:"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:285
#, no-wrap
msgid "Op Fl s Ar bytes"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:288
msgid "is produced by E<.Li \\&.Op \\&Fl s \\&Ar bytes>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:295
msgid ""
"To prevent a two character string from being interpreted as a macro name, "
"precede the string with the escape sequence E<.Ql \\e&>:"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:296
#, no-wrap
msgid "Op \\&Fl s \\&Ar bytes"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:299
msgid "is produced by E<.Li \\&.Op \\e&Fl s \\e&Ar bytes>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:320
msgid ""
"Here the strings E<.Ql \\&Fl> and E<.Ql \\&Ar> are not interpreted as "
"macros.  Macros whose argument lists are parsed for callable arguments are "
"referred to as parsed and macros which may be called from an argument list "
"are referred to as callable throughout this document and in the companion "
"quick reference manual E<.Xr mdoc 7>.  This is a technical E<.Em faux pas> "
"as almost all of the macros in E<.Nm \\-mdoc> are parsed, but as it was "
"cumbersome to constantly refer to macros as being callable and being able to "
"call other macros, the term parsed has been used."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:320
#, no-wrap
msgid "Passing Space Characters in an Argument"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:338
msgid ""
"Sometimes it is desirable to give as one argument a string containing one or "
"more blank space characters.  This may be necessary to defeat the nine "
"argument limit or to specify arguments to macros which expect particular "
"arrangement of items in the argument list.  For example, the function macro "
"E<.Ql \\&.Fn> expects the first argument to be the name of a function and "
"any remaining arguments to be function parameters.  As E<.Tn \"ANSI C\"> "
"stipulates the declaration of function parameters in the parenthesized "
"parameter list, each parameter is guaranteed to be at minimum a two word "
"string.  For example, E<.Fa int foo>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:353
msgid ""
"There are two possible ways to pass an argument which contains an embedded "
"space.  E<.Em Implementation note>: Unfortunately, the most convenient way "
"of passing spaces in between quotes by reassigning individual arguments "
"before parsing was fairly expensive speed wise and space wise to implement "
"in all the macros for E<.Tn AT&T> E<.Xr troff>.  It is not expensive for "
"E<.Xr groff> but for the sake of portability, has been limited to the "
"following macros which need it the most:"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:355
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Cd"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:358
msgid "Configuration declaration (section 4 E<.Sx SYNOPSIS>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:358
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Bl"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:360
msgid "Begin list (for the width specifier)."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:360
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Em"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:362
msgid "Emphasized text."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:362
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Fn"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:364
msgid "Functions (sections two and four)."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:364
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&It"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:366
msgid "List items."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:366
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Li"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:368
msgid "Literal text."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:368
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&Sy"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:370
msgid "Symbolic text."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:370
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&%B"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:372
msgid "Book titles."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:372
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&%J"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:374
msgid "Journal names."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:374
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&%O"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:376
msgid "Optional notes for a reference."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:376
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&%R"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:378
msgid "Report title (in a reference)."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:378
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&%T"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:380
msgid "Title of article in a book or journal."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:397
msgid ""
"One way of passing a string containing blank spaces is to use the hard or "
"unpaddable space character E<.Ql \\e\\ >, that is, a blank space preceded by "
"the escape character E<.Ql \\e>.  This method may be used with any macro but "
"has the side effect of interfering with the adjustment of text over the "
"length of a line.  E<.Xr Troff> sees the hard space as if it were any other "
"printable character and cannot split the string into blank or newline "
"separated pieces as one would expect.  The method is useful for strings "
"which are not expected to overlap a line boundary.  For example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:398
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fn fetch char\\ *str"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:401
msgid "is created by E<.Ql \\&.Fn fetch char\\e *str>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:401
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fn fetch \"char *str\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:404
msgid "can also be created by E<.Ql \\&.Fn fetch \"\\*qchar *str\\*q\">"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:413
msgid ""
"If the E<.Ql \\e> or quotes were omitted, E<.Ql \\&.Fn> would see three "
"arguments and the result would be:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:414
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fn fetch char *str"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:420
msgid ""
"For an example of what happens when the parameter list overlaps a newline "
"boundary, see the E<.Sx BUGS> section."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:420
#, no-wrap
msgid "Trailing Blank Space Characters"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:433
msgid ""
"E<.Xr Troff> can be confused by blank space characters at the end of a "
"line.  It is a wise preventive measure to globally remove all blank spaces "
"from E<lt>blank-spaceE<gt>E<lt>end-of-lineE<gt> character sequences.  Should "
"the need arise to force a blank character at the end of a line, it may be "
"forced with an unpaddable space and the E<.Ql \\e&> escape character.  For "
"example, E<.Ql string\\e\\ \\e&>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:433
#, no-wrap
msgid "Escaping Special Characters"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:445
msgid ""
"Special characters like the newline character E<.Ql \\en>, are handled by "
"replacing the E<.Ql \\e> with E<.Ql \\ee> (e.g., E<.Ql \\een>)  to preserve "
"the backslash."
msgstr ""

#. type: Sh
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:445
#, no-wrap
msgid "THE ANATOMY OF A MAN PAGE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:452
msgid ""
"The body of a man page is easily constructed from a basic template found in "
"the file E<.Pa /usr/share/misc/mdoc.template>.  Several example man pages "
"can also be found in E<.Pa /usr/share/examples/mdoc>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:453
#, no-wrap
msgid "A manual page template"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:484
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\\&.\\e\" The following requests are required for all man pages.\n"
"\\&.Dd Month day, year\n"
"\\&.Os OPERATING_SYSTEM [version/release]\n"
"\\&.Dt DOCUMENT_TITLE [section number] [volume]\n"
"\\&.Sh NAME\n"
"\\&.Nm name\n"
"\\&.Nd one line description of name\n"
"\\&.Sh SYNOPSIS\n"
"\\&.Sh DESCRIPTION\n"
"\\&.\\e\" The following requests should be uncommented and\n"
"\\&.\\e\" used where appropriate.  This next request is\n"
"\\&.\\e\" for sections 2 and 3 function return values only.\n"
"\\&.\\e\" .Sh RETURN VALUE\n"
"\\&.\\e\" This next request is for sections 1, 6, 7 & 8 only\n"
"\\&.\\e\" .Sh ENVIRONMENT\n"
"\\&.\\e\" .Sh FILES\n"
"\\&.\\e\" .Sh EXAMPLES\n"
"\\&.\\e\" This next request is for sections 1, 6, 7 & 8 only\n"
"\\&.\\e\"     (command return values (to shell) and\n"
"\\&.\\e\"\t  fprintf/stderr type diagnostics)\n"
"\\&.\\e\" .Sh DIAGNOSTICS\n"
"\\&.\\e\" The next request is for sections 2 and 3 error\n"
"\\&.\\e\" and signal handling only.\n"
"\\&.\\e\" .Sh ERRORS\n"
"\\&.\\e\" .Sh SEE ALSO\n"
"\\&.\\e\" .Sh CONFORMING TO\n"
"\\&.\\e\" .Sh HISTORY\n"
"\\&.\\e\" .Sh AUTHORS\n"
"\\&.\\e\" .Sh BUGS\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:498
msgid ""
"The first items in the template are the macros E<.Pq Li \\&.Dd , \\&.Os , "
"\\&.Dt>; the document date, the operating system the man page or subject "
"source is developed or modified for, and the man page title E<.Pq Em in "
"uppercase> along with the section of the manual the page belongs in.  These "
"macros identify the page, and are discussed below in E<.Sx TITLE MACROS>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:517
msgid ""
"The remaining items in the template are section headers E<.Pq Li \\&.Sh>; of "
"which E<.Sx NAME>, E<.Sx SYNOPSIS> and E<.Sx DESCRIPTION> are mandatory.  "
"The headers are discussed in E<.Sx PAGE STRUCTURE DOMAIN>, after "
"presentation of E<.Sx MANUAL DOMAIN>.  Several content macros are used to "
"demonstrate page layout macros; reading about content macros before page "
"layout macros is recommended."
msgstr ""

#. type: Sh
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:517
#, no-wrap
msgid "TITLE MACROS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:526
msgid ""
"The title macros are the first portion of the page structure domain, but are "
"presented first and separate for someone who wishes to start writing a man "
"page yesterday.  Three header macros designate the document title or manual "
"page title, the operating system, and the date of authorship.  These macros "
"are one called once at the very beginning of the document and are used to "
"construct the headers and footers only."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:527
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Dt DOCUMENT_TITLE section# [volume]"
msgstr ""

#.  .Cl
#.  USD	UNIX User's Supplementary Documents
#.  .Cl
#.  PS1	UNIX Programmer's Supplementary Documents
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:541
msgid ""
"The document title is the subject of the man page and must be in E<.Tn "
"CAPITALS> due to troff limitations.  The section number may be 1,\\ ...,\\ "
"8, and if it is specified, the volume title may be omitted.  A volume title "
"may be arbitrary or one of the following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:543
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \"AMD\tUNIX Ancestral Manual Documents\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:544
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \"SMM\tUNIX System Manager's Manual\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:545
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \"URM\tUNIX Reference Manual\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:546
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \"PRM\tUNIX Programmer's Manual\""
msgstr ""

#.  .Cl
#.  MMI	UNIX Manual Master Index
#.  .Cl
#.  CON	UNIX Contributed Software Manual
#.  .Cl
#.  LOC	UNIX Local Manual
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:562
msgid ""
"The default volume labeling is E<.Li URM> for sections 1, 6, and 7; E<.Li "
"SMM> for section 8; E<.Li PRM> for sections 2, 3, 4, and 5."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:562
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Os operating_system release#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:575
msgid ""
"The name of the operating system should be the common acronym, for example, "
"E<.Tn BSD> or E<.Tn FreeBSD> or E<.Tn ATT>.  The release should be the "
"standard release nomenclature for the system specified, for example, 4.3, "
"4.3+Tahoe, V.3, V.4.  Unrecognized arguments are displayed as given in the "
"page footer.  For instance, a typical footer might be:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:576
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Os 4.3BSD"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:579
msgid "or"
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:579
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Os FreeBSD 2.2"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:582
msgid "or for a locally produced set"
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:583
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Os CS Department"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:598
msgid ""
"The Berkeley default, E<.Ql \\&.Os> without an argument, has been defined as "
"E<.Tn BSD> in the site-specific file E<.Pa "
"/usr/share/tmac/mdoc/doc-common>.  It really should default to E<.Tn "
"LOCAL>.  Note, if the E<.Ql \\&.Os> macro is not present, the bottom left "
"corner of the page will be ugly."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:598
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Dd month day, year"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:600
msgid "The date should be written formally:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:602
#, no-wrap
msgid "January 25, 1989"
msgstr ""

#. type: Sh
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:604
#, no-wrap
msgid "INTRODUCTION OF MANUAL AND GENERAL TEXT DOMAINS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:605
#, no-wrap
msgid "What's in a name..."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:622
msgid ""
"The manual domain macro names are derived from the day to day informal "
"language used to describe commands, subroutines and related files.  Slightly "
"different variations of this language are used to describe the three "
"different aspects of writing a man page.  First, there is the description of "
"E<.Nm \\-mdoc> macro request usage.  Second is the description of a E<.Ux> "
"command E<.Em with> E<.Nm \\-mdoc> macros and third, the description of a "
"command to a user in the verbal sense; that is, discussion of a command in "
"the text of a man page."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:627
msgid ""
"In the first case, E<.Xr troff 1> macros are themselves a type of command; "
"the general syntax for a troff command is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:629
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Va argument1 argument2 ... argument9\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:643
msgid ""
"The E<.Ql \\&.Va> is a macro command or request, and anything following it "
"is an argument to be processed.  In the second case, the description of a "
"E<.Ux> command using the content macros is a bit more involved; a typical "
"E<.Sx SYNOPSIS> command line might be displayed as:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:647
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"E<.Nm filter>\n"
"E<.Op Fl flag>\n"
"E<.Ar infile outfile>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:667
msgid ""
"Here, E<.Nm filter> is the command name and the bracketed string E<.Fl flag> "
"is a E<.Em flag> argument designated as optional by the option brackets.  In "
"E<.Nm \\-mdoc> terms, E<.Ar infile> and E<.Ar outfile> are called E<.Em "
"arguments>.  The macros which formatted the above example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:671
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\\&.Nm filter\n"
"\\&.Op \\&Fl flag\n"
"\\&.Ar infile outfile\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:685
msgid ""
"In the third case, discussion of commands and command syntax includes both "
"examples above, but may add more detail.  The arguments E<.Ar infile> and "
"E<.Ar outfile> from the example above might be referred to as E<.Em "
"operands> or E<.Em file arguments>.  Some command-line argument lists are "
"quite long:"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:686
#, no-wrap
msgid "Nm make"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:699
msgid ""
"E<.Op Fl eiknqrstv> E<.Op Fl D Ar variable> E<.Op Fl d Ar flags> E<.Op Fl f "
"Ar makefile> E<.Bk -words> E<.Op Fl I Ar directory> E<.Ek> E<.Op Fl j Ar "
"max_jobs> E<.Op Ar variable=value> E<.Bk -words> E<.Op Ar target ...> E<.Ek>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:725
msgid ""
"Here one might talk about the command E<.Nm make> and qualify the argument "
"E<.Ar makefile>, as an argument to the flag, E<.Fl f>, or discuss the "
"optional file operand E<.Ar target>.  In the verbal context, such detail can "
"prevent confusion, however the E<.Nm \\-mdoc> package does not have a macro "
"for an argument E<.Em to> a flag.  Instead the E<.Ql \\&Ar> argument macro "
"is used for an operand or file argument like E<.Ar target> as well as an "
"argument to a flag like E<.Ar variable>.  The make command line was produced "
"from:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:737
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\\&.Nm make\n"
"\\&.Op Fl eiknqrstv\n"
"\\&.Op Fl D Ar variable\n"
"\\&.Op Fl d Ar flags\n"
"\\&.Op Fl f Ar makefile\n"
"\\&.Op Fl I Ar directory\n"
"\\&.Op Fl j Ar max_jobs\n"
"\\&.Op Ar variable=value\n"
"\\&.Bk -words\n"
"\\&.Op Ar target ...\n"
"\\&.Ek\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:745
msgid "The E<.Ql \\&.Bk> and E<.Ql \\&.Ek> macros are explained in E<.Sx Keeps>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:745
#, no-wrap
msgid "General Syntax"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:768
msgid ""
"The manual domain and general text domain macros share a similar syntax with "
"a few minor deviations: E<.Ql \\&.Ar>, E<.Ql \\&.Fl>, E<.Ql \\&.Nm>, and "
"E<.Ql \\&.Pa> differ only when called without arguments; E<.Ql \\&.Fn> and "
"E<.Ql \\&.Xr> impose an order on their argument lists and the E<.Ql \\&.Op> "
"and E<.Ql \\&.Fn> macros have nesting limitations.  All content macros are "
"capable of recognizing and properly handling punctuation, provided each "
"punctuation character is separated by a leading space.  If a request is "
"given:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:769
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Li sptr, ptr),"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:772 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:782
msgid "The result is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:773
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li sptr, ptr),"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:778
msgid ""
"The punctuation is not recognized and all is output in the literal font. If "
"the punctuation is separated by a leading white space:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:779
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Li \"sptr , ptr ) ,\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:783
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li sptr , ptr ) ,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:787
msgid ""
"The punctuation is now recognized and is output in the default font "
"distinguishing it from the strings in literal font."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:796
msgid ""
"To remove the special meaning from a punctuation character escape it with "
"E<.Ql \\e&>.  E<.Xr Troff> is limited as a macro language, and has "
"difficulty when presented with a string containing a member of the "
"mathematical, logical or quotation set:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:798
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&{+,\\-,/,*,\\&%,E<lt>,E<gt>,E<lt>=,E<gt>=,=,==,&,`,',\"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:810
msgid ""
"The problem is that E<.Xr troff> may assume it is supposed to actually "
"perform the operation or evaluation suggested by the characters.  To prevent "
"the accidental evaluation of these characters, escape them with E<.Ql "
"\\e&>.  Typical syntax is shown in the first content macro displayed below, "
"E<.Ql \\&.Ad>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Sh
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:810
#, no-wrap
msgid "MANUAL DOMAIN"
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:811
#, no-wrap
msgid "Address Macro"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:814
msgid ""
"The address macro identifies an address construct of the form "
"addr1[,addr2[,addr3]]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:815
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: .Ad address ... \\*(Pu"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:817
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Ad addr1"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:819
msgid "E<.Ad addr1>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:819
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Ad addr1\\ ."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:821
msgid "E<.Ad addr1>."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:821
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Ad addr1\\ , file2"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:823
msgid "E<.Ad addr1 , file2>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:823
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Ad f1\\ , f2\\ , f3\\ :"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:825
msgid "E<.Ad f1 , f2 , f3>:"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:825
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Ad addr\\ )\\ )\\ ,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:827
msgid "E<.Ad addr>)),"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:834
msgid ""
"It is an error to call E<.Ql \\&.Ad> without arguments.  E<.Ql \\&.Ad> is "
"callable by other macros and is parsed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:834
#, no-wrap
msgid "Author Name"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:841
msgid ""
"The E<.Ql \\&.An> macro is used to specify the name of the author of the "
"item being documented, or the name of the author of the actual manual page.  "
"Any remaining arguments after the name information are assumed to be "
"punctuation."
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:842
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: .An author_name \\*(Pu"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:844
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.An Joe\\ Author"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:846
msgid "E<.An Joe Author>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:846
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.An Joe\\ Author\\ ,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:848
msgid "E<.An Joe\\ Author>,"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:848
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.An Joe\\ Author\\ \\&Aq\\ nobody@FreeBSD.ORG"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:850
msgid "E<.An Joe Author Aq nobody@FreeBSD.ORG>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:850
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.An Joe\\ Author\\ )\\ )\\ ,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:852
msgid "E<.An Joe Author>)),"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:861
msgid ""
"The E<.Ql \\&.An> macro is parsed and is callable.  It is an error to call "
"E<.Ql \\&.An> without any arguments."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:861
#, no-wrap
msgid "Argument Macro"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:866
msgid ""
"The E<.Ql \\&.Ar> argument macro may be used whenever a command-line "
"argument is referenced."
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:867
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: .Ar argument ... \\*(Pu"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:869
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Ar"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:871
msgid "E<.Ar>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:871
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Ar file1"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:873
msgid "E<.Ar file1>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:873
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Ar file1\\ ."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:875
msgid "E<.Ar file1>."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:875
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Ar file1 file2"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:877
msgid "E<.Ar file1 file2>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:877
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Ar f1 f2 f3\\ :"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:879
msgid "E<.Ar f1 f2 f3>:"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:879
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Ar file\\ )\\ )\\ ,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:881
msgid "E<.Ar file>)),"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:891
msgid ""
"If E<.Ql \\&.Ar> is called without arguments, E<.Ql \\&Ar> is assumed.  The "
"E<.Ql \\&.Ar> macro is parsed and is callable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:891
#, no-wrap
msgid "Configuration Declaration (section four only)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:898
msgid ""
"The E<.Ql \\&.Cd> macro is used to demonstrate a E<.Xr config 8> declaration "
"for a device interface in a section four manual.  This macro accepts quoted "
"arguments (double quotes only)."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:900
#, no-wrap
msgid "Cd \"device le0 at scode?\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:903
msgid "produced by: E<.Ql \".Cd device le0 at scode?\">."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:904
#, no-wrap
msgid "Command Modifier"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:918
msgid ""
"The command modifier is identical to the E<.Ql \\&.Fl> (flag) command with "
"the exception the E<.Ql \\&.Cm> macro does not assert a dash in front of "
"every argument.  Traditionally flags are marked by the preceding dash, some "
"commands or subsets of commands do not use them.  Command modifiers may also "
"be specified in conjunction with interactive commands such as editor "
"commands.  See E<.Sx Flags>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:918
#, no-wrap
msgid "Defined Variables"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:922
msgid ""
"A variable which is defined in an include file is specified by the macro "
"E<.Ql \\&.Dv>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:923
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: .Dv defined_variable ... \\*(Pu"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:925
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \".Dv MAXHOSTNAMELEN\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:927
msgid "E<.Dv MAXHOSTNAMELEN>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:927
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \".Dv TIOCGPGRP )\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:929
msgid "E<.Dv TIOCGPGRP>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:936
msgid ""
"It is an error to call E<.Ql \\&.Dv> without arguments.  E<.Ql \\&.Dv> is "
"parsed and is callable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:936
#, no-wrap
msgid "Errno's (Section two only)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:948
msgid ""
"The E<.Ql \\&.Er> errno macro specifies the error return value for section "
"two library routines.  The second example below shows E<.Ql \\&.Er> used "
"with the E<.Ql \\&.Bq> general text domain macro, as it would be used in a "
"section two manual page."
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:949
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: .Er ERRNOTYPE ... \\*(Pu"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:951
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Er ENOENT"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:953
msgid "E<.Er ENOENT>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:953
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Er ENOENT\\ )\\ ;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:955
msgid "E<.Er ENOENT>);"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:955
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Bq \\&Er ENOTDIR"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:957
msgid "E<.Bq Er ENOTDIR>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:965
msgid ""
"It is an error to call E<.Ql \\&.Er> without arguments.  The E<.Ql \\&.Er> "
"macro is parsed and is callable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:965
#, no-wrap
msgid "Environment Variables"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:969
msgid "The E<.Ql \\&.Ev> macro specifies an environment variable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:970
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: .Ev argument ... \\*(Pu"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:972
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Ev DISPLAY"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:974
msgid "E<.Ev DISPLAY>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:974
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Ev PATH\\ ."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:976
msgid "E<.Ev PATH>."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:976
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Ev PRINTER\\ )\\ )\\ ,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:978
msgid "E<.Ev PRINTER>)),"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:986
msgid ""
"It is an error to call E<.Ql \\&.Ev> without arguments.  The E<.Ql \\&.Ev> "
"macro is parsed and is callable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:986
#, no-wrap
msgid "Function Argument"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1005
msgid ""
"The E<.Ql \\&.Fa> macro is used to refer to function arguments (parameters)  "
"outside of the E<.Sx SYNOPSIS> section of the manual or inside the E<.Sx "
"SYNOPSIS> section should a parameter list be too long for the E<.Ql \\&.Fn> "
"macro and the enclosure macros E<.Ql \\&.Fo> and E<.Ql \\&.Fc> must be "
"used.  E<.Ql \\&.Fa> may also be used to refer to structure members."
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1006
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: .Fa function_argument ... \\*(Pu"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1008
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Fa d_namlen\\ )\\ )\\ ,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1010
msgid "E<.Fa d_namlen>)),"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1010
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Fa iov_len"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1012
msgid "E<.Fa iov_len>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1019
msgid ""
"It is an error to call E<.Ql \\&.Fa> without arguments.  E<.Ql \\&.Fa> is "
"parsed and is callable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1019
#, no-wrap
msgid "Function Declaration"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1030
msgid ""
"The E<.Ql \\&.Fd> macro is used in the E<.Sx SYNOPSIS> section with section "
"two or three functions.  The E<.Ql \\&.Fd> macro does not call other macros "
"and is not callable by other macros."
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1031
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: .Fd include_file (or defined variable)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1042
msgid ""
"In the E<.Sx SYNOPSIS> section a E<.Ql \\&.Fd> request causes a line break "
"if a function has already been presented and a break has not occurred.  This "
"leaves a nice vertical space in between the previous function call and the "
"declaration for the next function."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1042
#, no-wrap
msgid "Flags"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1055
msgid ""
"The E<.Ql \\&.Fl> macro handles command-line flags.  It prepends a dash, "
"E<.Ql \\->, to the flag.  For interactive command flags, which are not "
"prepended with a dash, the E<.Ql \\&.Cm> (command modifier)  macro is "
"identical, but without the dash."
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1056
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: .Fl argument ... \\*(Pu"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1058
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Fl"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1060
msgid "E<.Fl>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1060
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Fl cfv"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1062
msgid "E<.Fl cfv>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1062
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Fl cfv\\ ."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1064
msgid "E<.Fl cfv>."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1064
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Fl s v t"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1066
msgid "E<.Fl s v t>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1066
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Fl -\\ ,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1068
msgid "E<.Fl ->,"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1068
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Fl xyz\\ )\\ ,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1070
msgid "E<.Fl xyz>),"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1082
msgid ""
"The E<.Ql \\&.Fl> macro without any arguments results in a dash representing "
"I<stdin>/I<stdout>.  Note that giving E<.Ql \\&.Fl> a single dash, will "
"result in two dashes.  The E<.Ql \\&.Fl> macro is parsed and is callable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1082
#, no-wrap
msgid "Functions (library routines)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1084
msgid "The .Fn macro is modeled on ANSI C conventions."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1086
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: .Fn [type] function [[type] parameters ... \\*(Pu]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1088
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \"\\&.Fn getchar\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1090
msgid "E<.Fn getchar>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1090
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \"\\&.Fn strlen ) ,\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1092
msgid "E<.Fn strlen>),"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1092
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Fn \"\\*qint align\\*q\" \"\\*qconst * char *sptrs\\*q\" ,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1094
msgid "E<.Fn \"int align\" \"const * char *sptrs\">,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1107
msgid ""
"It is an error to call E<.Ql \\&.Fn> without any arguments.  The E<.Ql "
"\\&.Fn> macro is parsed and is callable, note that any call to another macro "
"signals the end of the E<.Ql \\&.Fn> call (it will close-parenthesis at that "
"point)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1121
msgid ""
"For functions that have more than eight parameters (and this is rare), the "
"macros E<.Ql \\&.Fo> (function open)  and E<.Ql \\&.Fc> (function close)  "
"may be used with E<.Ql \\&.Fa> (function argument)  to get around the "
"limitation.  For example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1133
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\\&.Fo \"int res_mkquery\"\n"
"\\&.Fa \"int op\"\n"
"\\&.Fa \"char *dname\"\n"
"\\&.Fa \"int class\"\n"
"\\&.Fa \"int type\"\n"
"\\&.Fa \"char *data\"\n"
"\\&.Fa \"int datalen\"\n"
"\\&.Fa \"struct rrec *newrr\"\n"
"\\&.Fa \"char *buf\"\n"
"\\&.Fa \"int buflen\"\n"
"\\&.Fc\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1136 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2480
msgid "Produces:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1148
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"E<.Fo \"int res_mkquery\">\n"
"E<.Fa \"int op\">\n"
"E<.Fa \"char *dname\">\n"
"E<.Fa \"int class\">\n"
"E<.Fa \"int type\">\n"
"E<.Fa \"char *data\">\n"
"E<.Fa \"int datalen\">\n"
"E<.Fa \"struct rrec *newrr\">\n"
"E<.Fa \"char *buf\">\n"
"E<.Fa \"int buflen\">\n"
"E<.Fc>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1171
msgid ""
"The E<.Ql \\&.Fo> and E<.Ql \\&.Fc> macros are parsed and are callable.  In "
"the E<.Sx SYNOPSIS> section, the function will always begin at the beginning "
"of line.  If there is more than one function presented in the E<.Sx "
"SYNOPSIS> section and a function type has not been given, a line break will "
"occur, leaving a nice vertical space between the current function name and "
"the one prior.  At the moment, E<.Ql \\&.Fn> does not check its word "
"boundaries against troff line lengths and may split across a newline "
"ungracefully.  This will be fixed in the near future."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1171
#, no-wrap
msgid "Function Type"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1182
msgid ""
"This macro is intended for the E<.Sx SYNOPSIS> section.  It may be used "
"anywhere else in the man page without problems, but its main purpose is to "
"present the function type in kernel normal form for the E<.Sx SYNOPSIS> of "
"sections two and three (it causes a line break allowing the function name to "
"appear on the next line)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1183
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: .Ft type ... \\*(Pu"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1185
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Ft struct stat"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1187
msgid "E<.Ft struct stat>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1192
msgid "The E<.Ql \\&.Ft> request is not callable by other macros."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1192
#, no-wrap
msgid "Interactive Commands"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1196
msgid "The E<.Ql \\&.Ic> macro designates an interactive or internal command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1197
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: .Ic argument ... \\*(Pu"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1199
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Ic :wq"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1201
msgid "E<.Ic :wq>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1201
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Ic do while {...}"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1203
msgid "E<.Ic do while {...}>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1203
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Ic setenv\\ , unsetenv"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1205
msgid "E<.Ic setenv , unsetenv>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1213
msgid ""
"It is an error to call E<.Ql \\&.Ic> without arguments.  The E<.Ql \\&.Ic> "
"macro is parsed and is callable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1213
#, no-wrap
msgid "Name Macro"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1249
msgid ""
"The E<.Ql \\&.Nm> macro is used for the document title or subject name.  It "
"has the peculiarity of remembering the first argument it was called with, "
"which should always be the subject name of the page.  When called without "
"arguments, E<.Ql \\&.Nm> regurgitates this initial name for the sole purpose "
"of making less work for the author.  Note: a section two or three document "
"function name is addressed with the E<.Ql \\&.Nm> in the E<.Sx NAME> "
"section, and with E<.Ql \\&.Fn> in the E<.Sx SYNOPSIS> and remaining "
"sections.  For interactive commands, such as the E<.Ql while> command "
"keyword in E<.Xr csh 1>, the E<.Ql \\&.Ic> macro should be used.  While the "
"E<.Ql \\&.Ic> is nearly identical to E<.Ql \\&.Nm>, it can not recall the "
"first argument it was invoked with."
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1250
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: .Nm argument ... \\*(Pu"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1252
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Nm mdoc.sample"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1254
msgid "E<.Nm mdoc.sample>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1254
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Nm \\e-mdoc"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1256
msgid "E<.Nm \\-mdoc>."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1256
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Nm foo\\ )\\ )\\ ,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1258
msgid "E<.Nm foo>)),"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1258
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Nm"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1260
msgid "E<.Nm>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1265
msgid "The E<.Ql \\&.Nm> macro is parsed and is callable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1265
#, no-wrap
msgid "Options"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1277
msgid ""
"The E<.Ql \\&.Op> macro places option brackets around the any remaining "
"arguments on the command line, and places any trailing punctuation outside "
"the brackets.  The macros E<.Ql \\&.Oc> and E<.Ql \\&.Oo> may be used across "
"one or more lines."
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1278
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: .Op options ... \\*(Pu"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1280
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Op"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1282
msgid "E<.Op>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1282
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \".Op Fl k\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1284
msgid "E<.Op Fl k>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1284
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \".Op Fl k ) .\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1286
msgid "E<.Op Fl k>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1286
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \".Op Fl k Ar kookfile\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1288
msgid "E<.Op Fl k Ar kookfile>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1288
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \".Op Fl k Ar kookfile ,\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1290
msgid "E<.Op Fl k Ar kookfile>,"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1290
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \".Op Ar objfil Op Ar corfil\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1292
msgid "E<.Op Ar objfil Op Ar corfil>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1292
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \".Op Fl c Ar objfil Op Ar corfil ,\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1294
msgid "E<.Op Fl c Ar objfil Op Ar corfil>,"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1294
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Op word1 word2"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1296
msgid "E<.Op word1 word2>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1303
msgid "The E<.Ql \\&.Oc> and E<.Ql \\&.Oo> macros:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1309
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\\&.Oo\n"
"\\&.Op \\&Fl k \\&Ar kilobytes\n"
"\\&.Op \\&Fl i \\&Ar interval\n"
"\\&.Op \\&Fl c \\&Ar count\n"
"\\&.Oc\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1317
msgid ""
"Produce: E<.Oo> E<.Op Fl k Ar kilobytes> E<.Op Fl i Ar interval> E<.Op Fl c "
"Ar count> E<.Oc>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1324
msgid ""
"The macros E<.Ql \\&.Op>, E<.Ql \\&.Oc> and E<.Ql \\&.Oo> are parsed and are "
"callable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1324
#, no-wrap
msgid "Pathnames"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1328
msgid "The E<.Ql \\&.Pa> macro formats pathnames or filenames."
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1329
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: .Pa pathname \\*(Pu"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1331
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Pa /usr/share"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1333
msgid "E<.Pa /usr/share>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1333
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Pa /tmp/fooXXXXX\\ )\\ ."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1335
msgid "E<.Pa /tmp/fooXXXXX>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1340
msgid "The E<.Ql \\&.Pa> macro is parsed and is callable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1340
#, no-wrap
msgid "Variables"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1342
msgid "Generic variable reference:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1343
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: .Va variable ... \\*(Pu"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1345
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Va count"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1347
msgid "E<.Va count>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1347
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Va settimer ,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1349
msgid "E<.Va settimer>,"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1349
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Va int\\ *prt\\ )\\ :"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1351
msgid "E<.Va int\\ *prt>):"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1351
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Va char\\ s\\ ]\\ )\\ )\\ ,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1353
msgid "E<.Va char\\ s>])),"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1361
msgid ""
"It is an error to call E<.Ql \\&.Va> without any arguments.  The E<.Ql "
"\\&.Va> macro is parsed and is callable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1361
#, no-wrap
msgid "Manual Page Cross References"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1369
msgid ""
"The E<.Ql \\&.Xr> macro expects the first argument to be a manual page name, "
"and the second argument, if it exists, to be either a section page number or "
"punctuation.  Any remaining arguments are assumed to be punctuation."
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1370
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: .Xr man_page [1,...,8] \\*(Pu"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1372
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Xr mdoc"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1374
msgid "E<.Xr mdoc>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1374
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Xr mdoc\\ ,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1376
msgid "E<.Xr mdoc>,"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1376
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Xr mdoc 7"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1378
msgid "E<.Xr mdoc 7>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1378
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Xr mdoc 7\\ )\\ )\\ ,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1380
msgid "E<.Xr mdoc 7>)),"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1389
msgid ""
"The E<.Ql \\&.Xr> macro is parsed and is callable.  It is an error to call "
"E<.Ql \\&.Xr> without any arguments."
msgstr ""

#. type: Sh
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1389
#, no-wrap
msgid "GENERAL TEXT DOMAIN"
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1390
#, no-wrap
msgid "AT&T Macro"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1393
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: .At [v6 | v7 | 32v | V.1 | V.4] ... \\*(Pu\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1395
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li .At"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1397
msgid "E<.At>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1397
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \".At v6 .\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1399
msgid "E<.At v6>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1409
msgid ""
"The E<.Ql \\&.At> macro is E<.Em not> parsed and E<.Em not> callable It "
"accepts at most two arguments."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1409
#, no-wrap
msgid "BSD Macro"
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1410
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: .Bx [Version/release] ... \\*(Pu"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1412
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li .Bx"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1414
msgid "E<.Bx>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1414
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \".Bx 4.3 .\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1416
msgid "E<.Bx 4.3>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1421
msgid "The E<.Ql \\&.Bx> macro is parsed and is callable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1421
#, no-wrap
msgid "FreeBSD Macro"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1424
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: .Fx Version.release ... \\*(Pu\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1426
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \".Fx 2.2 .\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1428
msgid "E<.Fx 2.2>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1438
msgid ""
"The E<.Ql \\&.Fx> macro is E<.Em not> parsed and E<.Em not> callable It "
"accepts at most two arguments."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1438
#, no-wrap
msgid "UNIX Macro"
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1439
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: .Ux ... \\*(Pu"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1441
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li .Ux"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1443
msgid "E<.Ux>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1448
msgid "The E<.Ql \\&.Ux> macro is parsed and is callable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1448
#, no-wrap
msgid "Enclosure and Quoting Macros"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1470
msgid ""
"The concept of enclosure is similar to quoting.  The object being to enclose "
"one or more strings between a pair of characters like quotes or "
"parentheses.  The terms quoting and enclosure are used interchangeably "
"throughout this document.  Most of the one line enclosure macros end in "
"small letter E<.Ql q> to give a hint of quoting, but there are a few "
"irregularities.  For each enclosure macro there is also a pair of open and "
"close macros which end in small letters E<.Ql o> and E<.Ql c> respectively.  "
"These can be used across one or more lines of text and while they have "
"nesting limitations, the one line quote macros can be used inside of them."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1483
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"E<.Em \" Quote\t Close\t Open\tFunction\tResult\">\n"
"\\&.Aq\t.Ac\t.Ao\tAngle Bracket Enclosure\tE<lt>stringE<gt>\n"
"\\&.Bq\t.Bc\t.Bo\tBracket Enclosure\t[string]\n"
"\\&.Dq\t.Dc\t.Do\tDouble Quote\t``string''\n"
"\t.Ec\t.Eo\tEnclose String (in XX)\tXXstringXX\n"
"\\&.Pq\t.Pc\t.Po\tParenthesis Enclosure\t(string)\n"
"\\&.Ql\t\t\tQuoted Literal\t`st' or string\n"
"\\&.Qq\t.Qc\t.Qo\tStraight Double Quote\t\"string\"\n"
"\\&.Sq\t.Sc\t.So\tSingle Quote\t`string'\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1494
msgid ""
"Except for the irregular macros noted below, all of the quoting macros are "
"parsed and callable.  All handle punctuation properly, as long as it is "
"presented one character at a time and separated by spaces.  The quoting "
"macros examine opening and closing punctuation to determine whether it comes "
"before or after the enclosing string This makes some nesting possible."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1495
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Ec , \\&.Eo"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1498
msgid ""
"These macros expect the first argument to be the opening and closing strings "
"respectively."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1498
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Ql"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1511
msgid ""
"The quoted literal macro behaves differently for E<.Xr troff> than E<.Xr "
"nroff>.  If formatted with E<.Xr nroff>, a quoted literal is always quoted.  "
"If formatted with troff, an item is quoted only if the width of the item is "
"less than three constant width characters.  This is to make short strings "
"more visible where the font change to literal (constant width) is less "
"noticeable."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1511
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Pf"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1513
msgid "The prefix macro is not callable, but it is parsed:"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1514
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \".Pf ( Fa name2\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1517
msgid "becomes E<.Pf ( Fa name2>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1522
msgid "The E<.Ql \\&.Ns> (no space) macro performs the analogous suffix function."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1526
msgid "Examples of quoting:"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1527
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Aq"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1529
msgid "E<.Aq>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1529
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Aq \\&Ar ctype.h\\ )\\ ,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1531
msgid "E<.Aq Ar ctype.h>),"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1531
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Bq"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1533
msgid "E<.Bq>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1533
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Bq \\&Em Greek \\&, French \\&."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1535
msgid "E<.Bq Em Greek , French>."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1535
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Dq"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1537
msgid "E<.Dq>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1537
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \".Dq string abc .\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1539
msgid "E<.Dq string abc>."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1539
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \".Dq \\'^[A-Z]\\'\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1541
msgid "E<.Dq \\'^[A-Z]\\'>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1541
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \"\\&.Ql man mdoc\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1543
msgid "E<.Ql man mdoc>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1543
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Qq"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1545
msgid "E<.Qq>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1545
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \"\\&.Qq string ) ,\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1547
msgid "E<.Qq string>),"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1547
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \"\\&.Qq string Ns ),\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1549
msgid "E<.Qq string Ns ),>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1549
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Sq"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1551
msgid "E<.Sq>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1551
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \"\\&.Sq string\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1553
msgid "E<.Sq string>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1570
msgid ""
"For a good example of nested enclosure macros, see the E<.Ql \\&.Op> option "
"macro.  It was created from the same underlying enclosure macros as those "
"presented in the list above.  The E<.Ql \\&.Xo> and E<.Ql \\&.Xc> extended "
"argument list macros were also built from the same underlying routines and "
"are a good example of E<.Nm \\-mdoc> macro usage at its worst."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1570
#, no-wrap
msgid "No\\-Op or Normal Text Macro"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1578
msgid ""
"The macro E<.Ql \\&.No> is a hack for words in a macro command line which "
"should E<.Em not> be formatted and follows the conventional syntax for "
"content macros."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1578
#, no-wrap
msgid "No Space Macro"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1584
msgid ""
"The E<.Ql \\&.Ns> macro eliminates unwanted spaces in between macro "
"requests.  It is useful for old style argument lists where there is no space "
"between the flag and argument:"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1585
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \".Op Fl I Ns Ar directory\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1588
msgid "produces E<.Op Fl I Ns Ar directory>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1599
msgid ""
"Note: the E<.Ql \\&.Ns> macro always invokes the E<.Ql \\&.No> macro after "
"eliminating the space unless another macro name follows it.  The macro E<.Ql "
"\\&.Ns> is parsed and is callable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1599
#, no-wrap
msgid "Section Cross References"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1605
msgid ""
"The E<.Ql \\&.Sx> macro designates a reference to a section header within "
"the same document.  It is parsed and is callable."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1607
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Sx FILES"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1609
msgid "E<.Sx FILES>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1610
#, no-wrap
msgid "References and Citations"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1614
msgid ""
"The following macros make a modest attempt to handle references.  At best, "
"the macros make it convenient to manually drop in a subset of refer style "
"references."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1616
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li .Rs"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1621
msgid ""
"Reference Start.  Causes a line break and begins collection of reference "
"information until the reference end macro is read."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1621
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li .Re"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1624
msgid "Reference End.  The reference is printed."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1624
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li .%A"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1626
msgid "Reference author name, one name per invocation."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1626
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li .%B"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1628
msgid "Book title."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1628
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li .\\&%C"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1630
msgid "City/place."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1630
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li .\\&%D"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1632
msgid "Date."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1632
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li .%J"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1634
msgid "Journal name."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1634
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li .%N"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1636
msgid "Issue number."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1636
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li .%O"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1638
msgid "Optional information."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1638
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li .%P"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1640
msgid "Page number."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1640
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li .%R"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1642
msgid "Report name."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1642
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li .%T"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1644
msgid "Title of article."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1644
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li .%V"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1646
msgid "Volume(s)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1657
msgid ""
"The macros beginning with E<.Ql %> are not callable, and are parsed only for "
"the trade name macro which returns to its caller.  (And not very predictably "
"at the moment either.)  The purpose is to allow trade names to be pretty "
"printed in E<.Xr troff Ns / Ns Xr ditroff> output."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1657
#, no-wrap
msgid "Return Values"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1663
msgid ""
"The E<.Ql \\&.Rv> macro generates text for use in the E<.Sx RETURN VALUE> "
"section."
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1664
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: .Rv [-std function]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1668
msgid "E<.Ql \\&.Rv -std atexit> will generate the following text:"
msgstr ""

#.  fake section 3 to avoid error message from Rv
#. .ds cH 3
#. type: ds section
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1671
#, no-wrap
msgid "3"
msgstr ""

#.  and back to 7 again
#. .ds cH 7
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1675
msgid "E<.Rv -std atexit>"
msgstr ""

#. type: ds section
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1675
#, no-wrap
msgid "7"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1680
msgid "The E<.Fl std> option is valid only for manual page sections 2 and 3."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1680
#, no-wrap
msgid "Trade Names (or Acronyms and Type Names)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1683
msgid ""
"The trade name macro is generally a small caps macro for all uppercase words "
"longer than two characters."
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1684
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: .Tn symbol ... \\*(Pu"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1686
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Tn DEC"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1688
msgid "E<.Tn DEC>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1688
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Tn ASCII"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1690
msgid "E<.Tn ASCII>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1696
msgid "The E<.Ql \\&.Tn> macro is parsed and is callable by other macros."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1696
#, no-wrap
msgid "Extended Arguments"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1708
msgid ""
"The E<.Ql \\&.Xo> and E<.Ql \\&.Xc> macros allow one to extend an argument "
"list on a macro boundary.  Argument lists cannot be extended within a macro "
"which expects all of its arguments on one line such as E<.Ql \\&.Op>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1712
msgid ""
"Here is an example of E<.Ql \\&.Xo> using the space mode macro to turn "
"spacing off:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1718
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\\&.Sm off\n"
"\\&.It Xo Sy I Ar operation\n"
"\\&.No \\een Ar count No \\een\n"
"\\&.Xc\n"
"\\&.Sm on\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1721 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1742 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1766
msgid "Produces"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1724 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1745
#, no-wrap
msgid "E<.Sm off>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1724
#, no-wrap
msgid "Xo Sy I Ar operation"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1728
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"E<.No \\en Ar count No \\en>\n"
"E<.Xc>\n"
"E<.Sm on>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1732
msgid "Another one:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1739
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\\&.Sm off\n"
"\\&.It Cm S No \\&/ Ar old_pattern Xo\n"
"\\&.No \\&/ Ar new_pattern\n"
"\\&.No \\&/ Op Cm g\n"
"\\&.Xc\n"
"\\&.Sm on\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1745
#, no-wrap
msgid "Cm S No \\&/ Ar old_pattern Xo"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1750
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"E<.No \\&/ Ar new_pattern>\n"
"E<.No \\&/ Op Cm g>\n"
"E<.Xc>\n"
"E<.Sm on>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1757
msgid ""
"Another example of E<.Ql \\&.Xo> and using enclosure macros: Test the value "
"of a variable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1763
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\\&.It Xo\n"
"\\&.Ic .ifndef\n"
"\\&.Oo \\e&! Oc Ns Ar variable\n"
"\\&.Op Ar operator variable ...\n"
"\\&.Xc\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1768
#, no-wrap
msgid "Xo"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1773
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"E<.Ic .ifndef>\n"
"E<.Oo \\&! Oc Ns Ar variable>\n"
"E<.Op Ar operator variable ...>\n"
"E<.Xc>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1811
msgid ""
"All of the above examples have used the E<.Ql \\&.Xo> macro on the argument "
"list of the E<.Ql \\&.It> (list-item)  macro.  The extend macros are not "
"used very often, and when they are it is usually to extend the list-item "
"argument list.  Unfortunately, this is also where the extend macros are the "
"most finicky.  In the first two examples, spacing was turned off; in the "
"third, spacing was desired in part of the output but not all of it.  To make "
"these macros work in this situation make sure the E<.Ql \\&.Xo> and E<.Ql "
"\\&.Xc> macros are placed as shown in the third example.  If the E<.Ql "
"\\&.Xo> macro is not alone on the E<.Ql \\&.It> argument list, spacing will "
"be unpredictable.  The E<.Ql \\&.Ns> (no space macro)  must not occur as the "
"first or last macro on a line in this situation.  Out of 900 manual pages "
"(about 1500 actual pages)  currently released with E<.Bx> only fifteen use "
"the E<.Ql \\&.Xo> macro."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1812
#, no-wrap
msgid "Section Headers"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1825
msgid ""
"The first three E<.Ql \\&.Sh> section header macros list below are required "
"in every man page.  The remaining section headers are recommended at the "
"discretion of the author writing the manual page.  The E<.Ql \\&.Sh> macro "
"can take up to nine arguments.  It is parsed and but is not callable."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1826
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Sh NAME"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1846
msgid ""
"The E<.Ql \\&.Sh NAME> macro is mandatory.  If not specified, the headers, "
"footers and page layout defaults will not be set and things will be rather "
"unpleasant.  The E<.Sx NAME> section consists of at least three items.  The "
"first is the E<.Ql \\&.Nm> name macro naming the subject of the man page.  "
"The second is the Name Description macro, E<.Ql \\&.Nd>, which separates the "
"subject name from the third item, which is the description.  The description "
"should be the most terse and lucid possible, as the space available is "
"small."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1846
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Sh SYNOPSIS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1878
msgid ""
"The E<.Sx SYNOPSIS> section describes the typical usage of the subject of a "
"man page.  The macros required are either E<.Ql \".Nm\">, E<.Ql \".Cd\">, "
"E<.Ql \".Fn\">, (and possibly E<.Ql \".Fo\">, E<.Ql \".Fc\">, E<.Ql "
"\".Fd\">, E<.Ql \".Ft\"> macros).  The function name macro E<.Ql \".Fn\"> is "
"required for manual page sections 2 and 3, the command and general name "
"macro E<.Ql \\&.Nm> is required for sections 1, 5, 6, 7, 8.  Section 4 "
"manuals require a E<.Ql \".Nm\">, E<.Ql \".Fd\"> or a E<.Ql \".Cd\"> "
"configuration device usage macro.  Several other macros may be necessary to "
"produce the synopsis line as shown below:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1885
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"E<.Nm cat>\n"
"E<.Op Fl benstuv>\n"
"E<.Op Fl>\n"
"E<.Ar>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1888
msgid "The following macros were used:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1889
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Nm cat"
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1890
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Op \\&Fl benstuv"
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1891
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Op \\&Fl"
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1892
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Ar"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1903
msgid ""
"E<.Sy Note>: The macros E<.Ql \\&.Op>, E<.Ql \\&.Fl>, and E<.Ql \\&.Ar> "
"recognize the pipe bar character E<.Ql \\*(Ba>, so a command line such as:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1904
#, no-wrap
msgid ".Op Fl a | Fl b"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1913
msgid ""
"will not go orbital.  E<.Xr Troff> normally interprets a \\*(Ba as a special "
"operator.  See E<.Sx PREDEFINED STRINGS> for a usable \\*(Ba character in "
"other situations."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1914
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Sh DESCRIPTION"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1931
msgid ""
"In most cases the first text in the E<.Sx DESCRIPTION> section is a brief "
"paragraph on the command, function or file, followed by a lexical list of "
"options and respective explanations.  To create such a list, the E<.Ql "
"\\&.Bl> begin-list, E<.Ql \\&.It> list-item and E<.Ql \\&.El> end-list "
"macros are used (see E<.Sx Lists and Columns> below)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1940
msgid ""
"The following E<.Ql \\&.Sh> section headers are part of the preferred manual "
"page layout and must be used appropriately to maintain consistency.  They "
"are listed in the order in which they would be used."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1941
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Sh ENVIRONMENT"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1947
msgid ""
"The E<.Sx ENVIRONMENT> section should reveal any related environment "
"variables and clues to their behavior and/or usage."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1947
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Sh EXAMPLES"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1954
msgid ""
"There are several ways to create examples.  See the E<.Sx EXAMPLES> section "
"below for details."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1954
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Sh FILES"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1961
msgid ""
"Files which are used or created by the man page subject should be listed via "
"the E<.Ql \\&.Pa> macro in the E<.Sx FILES> section."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1961
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Sh SEE ALSO"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1975
msgid ""
"References to other material on the man page topic and cross references to "
"other relevant man pages should be placed in the E<.Sx SEE ALSO> section.  "
"Cross references are specified using the E<.Ql \\&.Xr> macro.  Cross "
"references in the E<.Sx SEE ALSO> section should be sorted by section "
"number, and then placed in alphabetical order and comma separated.  For "
"example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1980
msgid "E<.Xr ls 1>, E<.Xr ps 1>, E<.Xr group 5>, E<.Xr passwd 5>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1984
msgid "At this time E<.Xr refer 1> style references are not accommodated."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1984
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Sh CONFORMING TO"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1996
msgid ""
"If the command, library function or file adheres to a specific "
"implementation such as E<.St -p1003.2> or E<.St -ansiC> this should be noted "
"here.  If the command does not adhere to any standard, its history should be "
"noted in the E<.Sx HISTORY> section."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1996
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Sh HISTORY"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1999
msgid ""
"Any command which does not adhere to any specific standards should be "
"outlined historically in this section."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1999
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Sh AUTHORS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2001
msgid "Credits, if need be, should be placed here."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2001
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Sh DIAGNOSTICS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2003
msgid "Diagnostics from a command should be placed in this section."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2003
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Sh ERRORS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2009
msgid ""
"Specific error handling, especially from library functions (man page "
"sections 2 and 3) should go here.  The E<.Ql \\&.Er> macro is used to "
"specify an errno."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2009
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Sh BUGS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2011
msgid "Blatant problems with the topic go here..."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2017
msgid ""
"User specified E<.Ql \\&.Sh> sections may be added, for example, this "
"section was set with:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2019
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Sh PAGE STRUCTURE DOMAIN\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2020
#, no-wrap
msgid "Paragraphs and Line Spacing."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2022
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Pp"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2038
msgid ""
"The E<.Ql \\&.Pp> paragraph command may be used to specify a line space "
"where necessary.  The macro is not necessary after a E<.Ql \\&.Sh> or E<.Ql "
"\\&.Ss> macro or before a E<.Ql \\&.Bl> macro.  (The E<.Ql \\&.Bl> macro "
"asserts a vertical distance unless the -compact flag is given)."
msgstr ""

#.  This worked with version one, need to redo for version three
#.  .Pp
#.  .Ds I
#.  .Cw (ax+bx+c) \ is\ produced\ by\ \&
#.  .\".Cw (ax+bx+c) \&.Va_by_) \&_and_\& \&[?/]m_b1_e1_f1[?/]\&
#.  .Cl Cx \t\t
#.  .Li \&.Cx\ (
#.  .Cx
#.  .Cl Cx \t\t
#.  .Li \&.Va ax
#.  .Cx
#.  .Cl Cx \t\t
#.  .Li \&.Sy \+
#.  .Cx
#.  .Cl Cx \&(\&
#.  .Va ax
#.  .Cx +
#.  .Va by
#.  .Cx +
#.  .Va c )
#.  .Cx \t
#.  .Em is produced by
#.  .Cx \t
#.  .Li \&.Va by
#.  .Cx
#.  .Cl Cx \t\t
#.  .Li \&.Sy \+
#.  .Cx
#.  .Cl Cx \t\t
#.  .Li \&.Va c )
#.  .Cx
#.  .Cl Cx \t\t
#.  .Li \&.Cx
#.  .Cx
#.  .Cw
#.  .De
#.  .Pp
#.  This example shows the same equation in a different format.
#.  The spaces
#.  around the
#.  .Li \&+
#.  signs were forced with
#.  .Li \e :
#.  .Pp
#.  .Ds I
#.  .Cw (ax\ +\ bx\ +\ c) \ is\ produced\ by\ \&
#.  .\".Cw (ax+bx+c) \&.Va_by_) \&_and_\& \&[?/]m_b1_e1_f1[?/]\&
#.  .Cl Cx \t\t
#.  .Li \&.Cx\ (
#.  .Cx
#.  .Cl Cx \t\t
#.  .Li \&.Va a
#.  .Cx
#.  .Cl Cx \t\t
#.  .Li \&.Sy x
#.  .Cx
#.  .Cl Cx \t\t
#.  .Li \&.Cx \e\ +\e\ \e&
#.  .Cx
#.  .Cl Cx \&(\&
#.  .Va a
#.  .Sy x
#.  .Cx \ +\ \&
#.  .Va b
#.  .Sy y
#.  .Cx \ +\ \&
#.  .Va c )
#.  .Cx \t
#.  .Em is produced by
#.  .Cl Cx \t\t
#.  .Li \&.Va b
#.  .Cx
#.  .Cl Cx \t\t
#.  .Li \&.Sy y
#.  .Cx
#.  .Cl Cx \t\t
#.  .Li \&.Cx \e\ +\e\ \e&
#.  .Cx
#.  .Cl Cx \t\t
#.  .Li \&.Va c )
#.  .Cx
#.  .Cl Cx \t\t
#.  .Li \&.Cx
#.  .Cx
#.  .Cw
#.  .De
#.  .Pp
#.  The incantation below was
#.  lifted from the
#.  .Xr adb 1
#.  manual page:
#.  .Pp
#.  .Ds I
#.  .Cw \&[?/]m_b1_e1_f1[?/]\& is\ produced\ by
#.  .Cl Cx \t\t
#.  .Li \&.Cx Op Sy ?/
#.  .Cx
#.  .Cl Cx \t\t
#.  .Li \&.Nm m
#.  .Cx
#.  .Cl Cx Op Sy ?/
#.  .Nm m
#.  .Ad \ b1 e1 f1
#.  .Op Sy ?/
#.  .Cx \t
#.  .Em is produced by
#.  .Cx \t
#.  .Li \&.Ar \e\ b1 e1 f1
#.  .Cx
#.  .Cl Cx \t\t
#.  .Li \&.Op Sy ?/
#.  .Cx
#.  .Cl Cx \t\t
#.  .Li \&.Cx
#.  .Cx
#.  .Cw
#.  .De
#.  .Pp
#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2157
#, no-wrap
msgid "Keeps"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2186
msgid ""
"The only keep that is implemented at this time is for words.  The macros are "
"E<.Ql \\&.Bk> (begin-keep)  and E<.Ql \\&.Ek> (end-keep).  The only option "
"that E<.Ql \\&.Bk> accepts is E<.Fl words> and is useful for preventing line "
"breaks in the middle of options.  In the example for the make command-line "
"arguments (see E<.Sx What's in a name>), the keep prevented E<.Xr nroff> "
"from placing up the flag and the argument on separate lines.  (Actually, the "
"option macro used to prevent this from occurring, but was dropped when the "
"decision (religious) was made to force right justified margins in E<.Xr "
"troff> as options in general look atrocious when spread across a sparse "
"line.  More work needs to be done with the keep macros, a E<.Fl line> option "
"needs to be added.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2186
#, no-wrap
msgid "Examples and Displays"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2198
msgid ""
"There are five types of displays, a quickie one line indented display E<.Ql "
"\\&.D1>, a quickie one line literal display E<.Ql \\&.Dl>, and a block "
"literal, block filled and block ragged which use the E<.Ql \\&.Bd> "
"begin-display and E<.Ql \\&.Ed> end-display macros."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2203
msgid ""
"(D-one) Display one line of indented text.  This macro is parsed, but it is "
"not callable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2204
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl ldghfstru"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2208
msgid "The above was produced by: E<.Li \\&.Dl Fl ldghfstru>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2223
msgid ""
"(D-ell)  Display one line of indented E<.Em literal> text.  The E<.Ql "
"\\&.Dl> example macro has been used throughout this file.  It allows the "
"indent (display) of one line of text.  Its default font is set to constant "
"width (literal) however it is parsed and will recognized other macros.  It "
"is not callable however."
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2224
#, no-wrap
msgid "% ls -ldg /usr/local/bin"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2228
msgid "The above was produced by E<.Li \\&.Dl % ls -ldg /usr/local/bin>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2239
msgid ""
"Begin-display.  The E<.Ql \\&.Bd> display must be ended with the E<.Ql "
"\\&.Ed> macro.  Displays may be nested within displays and lists.  E<.Ql "
"\\&.Bd> has the following syntax:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2240
#, no-wrap
msgid ".Bd display-type [-offset offset_value] [-compact]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2245
msgid ""
"The display-type must be one of the following four types and may have an "
"offset specifier for indentation: E<.Ql \\&.Bd>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2251
msgid ""
"Display a block of text as typed, right (and left) margin edges are left "
"ragged."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2255
msgid ""
"Display a filled (formatted) block.  The block of text is formatted (the "
"edges are filled \\- not left unjustified)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2258
msgid ""
"Display a literal block, useful for source code or simple tabbed or spaced "
"text."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2258
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl file Ar file_name"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2267
msgid ""
"The filename following the E<.Fl file> flag is read and displayed.  Literal "
"mode is asserted and tabs are set at 8 constant width character intervals, "
"however any E<.Xr troff/ Ns Nm \\-mdoc> commands in file will be processed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2273
msgid ""
"If E<.Fl offset> is specified with one of the following strings, the string "
"is interpreted to indicate the level of indentation for the forthcoming "
"block of text:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2279
msgid ""
"Align block on the current left margin, this is the default mode of E<.Ql "
"\\&.Bd>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2284
msgid ""
"Supposedly center the block.  At this time unfortunately, the block merely "
"gets left aligned about an imaginary center margin."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2293
msgid ""
"Indents by one default indent value or tab.  The default indent value is "
"also used for the E<.Ql \\&.D1> display so one is guaranteed the two types "
"of displays will line up.  This indent is normally set to 6n or about two "
"thirds of an inch (six constant width characters)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2295
msgid "Indents two times the default indent value."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2303
msgid ""
"This E<.Em left> aligns the block about two inches from the right side of "
"the page.  This macro needs work and perhaps may never do the right thing by "
"E<.Xr troff>."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2304
#, no-wrap
msgid ".Ed"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2306
msgid "End-display."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2307
#, no-wrap
msgid "Font Modes"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2309
msgid "There are five macros for changing the appearance of the manual page text:"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2310
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Em"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2315
msgid ""
"Text may be stressed or emphasized with the E<.Ql \\&.Em> macro.  The usual "
"font for emphasis is italic."
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2316
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: .Em argument ... \\*(Pu"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2318
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \".Em does not\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2320
msgid "E<.Em does not>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2320
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \".Em exceed 1024 .\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2322
msgid "E<.Em exceed 1024>."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2322
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \".Em vide infra ) ) ,\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2324
msgid "E<.Em vide infra>)),"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2332
msgid ""
"The E<.Ql \\&.Em> macro is parsed and is callable.  It is an error to call "
"E<.Ql \\&.Em> without arguments."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2332
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Li"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2338
msgid ""
"The E<.Ql \\&.Li> literal macro may be used for special characters, variable "
"constants, anything which should be displayed as it would be typed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2339
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: .Li argument ... \\*(Pu"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2341
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Li \\een"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2343
msgid "E<.Li \\en>"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2343
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Li M1 M2 M3\\ ;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2345
msgid "E<.Li M1 M2 M3>;"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2345
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Li cntrl-D\\ )\\ ,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2347
msgid "E<.Li cntrl-D>),"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2347
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Li 1024\\ ..."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2349
msgid "E<.Li 1024 ...>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2354
msgid "The E<.Ql \\&.Li> macro is parsed and is callable."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2354
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.Sy"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2357
msgid ""
"The symbolic emphasis macro is generally a boldface macro in either the "
"symbolic sense or the traditional English usage."
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2358
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: .Sy symbol ... \\*(Pu"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2360
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Sy Important Notice"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2362
msgid "E<.Sy Important Notice>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2369
msgid ""
"The E<.Ql \\&.Sy> macro is parsed and is callable.  Arguments to E<.Ql "
"\\&.Sy> may be quoted."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2370
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li \\&.Bf"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2380
msgid ""
"Begin font mode.  The E<.Ql \\&.Bf> font mode must be ended with the E<.Ql "
"\\&.Ef> macro.  Font modes may be nested within other font modes.  E<.Ql "
"\\&.Bf> has the following syntax:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2381
#, no-wrap
msgid ".Bf font-mode"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2385
msgid "The font-mode must be one of the following three types: E<.Ql \\&.Bf>."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2387
#, no-wrap
msgid "Sy \\&Em | Fl emphasis"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2391
msgid "Same as if the E<.Ql \\&.Em> macro was used for the entire block of text."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2391
#, no-wrap
msgid "Sy \\&Li | Fl literal"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2395
msgid "Same as if the E<.Ql \\&.Li> macro was used for the entire block of text."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2395
#, no-wrap
msgid "Sy \\&Sy | Fl symbolic"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2399
msgid "Same as if the E<.Ql \\&.Sy> macro was used for the entire block of text."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2400
#, no-wrap
msgid ".Ef"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2402
msgid "End font mode."
msgstr ""

#. type: Ss
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2403
#, no-wrap
msgid "Tagged Lists and Columns"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2417
msgid ""
"There are several types of lists which may be initiated with the E<.Ql "
"\".Bl\"> begin-list macro.  Items within the list are specified with the "
"E<.Ql \".It\"> item macro and each list must end with the E<.Ql \".El\"> "
"macro.  Lists may be nested within themselves and within displays.  Columns "
"may be used inside of lists, but lists are unproven inside of columns."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2432
msgid ""
"In addition, several list attributes may be specified such as the width of a "
"tag, the list offset, and compactness (blank lines between items allowed or "
"disallowed).  Most of this document has been formatted with a tag style list "
"E<.Pq Fl tag>.  For a change of pace, the list-type used to present the "
"list-types is an over-hanging list E<.Pq Fl ohang>.  This type of list is "
"quite popular with E<.Tn TeX> users, but might look a bit funny after having "
"read many pages of tagged lists.  The following list types are accepted by "
"E<.Ql \".Bl\">:"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2434
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl bullet"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2435
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl item"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2436
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl enum"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2446
msgid ""
"These three are the simplest types of lists.  Once the E<.Ql \".Bl\"> macro "
"has been given, items in the list are merely indicated by a line consisting "
"solely of the E<.Ql \".It\"> macro.  For example, the source text for a "
"simple enumerated list would look like:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2455
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\\&.Bl -enum -compact\n"
"\\&.It\n"
"\\&Item one goes here.\n"
"\\&.It\n"
"\\&And item two here.\n"
"\\&.It\n"
"\\&Lastly item three goes here.\n"
"\\&.El\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2459
msgid "The results:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2463
msgid "Item one goes here."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2465
msgid "And item two here."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2467
msgid "Lastly item three goes here."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2470
msgid "A simple bullet list construction:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2477
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\\&.Bl -bullet -compact\n"
"\\&.It\n"
"\\&Bullet one goes here.\n"
"\\&.It\n"
"\\&Bullet two here.\n"
"\\&.El\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2483
msgid "Bullet one goes here."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2485
msgid "Bullet two here."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2488
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl tag"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2489
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl diag"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2490
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl hang"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2491
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl ohang"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2492
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl inset"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2512
msgid ""
"These list-types collect arguments specified with the E<.Ql \\&.It> macro "
"and create a label which may be E<.Em inset> into the forthcoming text, "
"E<.Em hanged> from the forthcoming text, E<.Em overhanged> from above and "
"not indented or E<.Em tagged>.  This list was constructed with the E<.Ql "
"\\&Fl ohang> list-type.  The E<.Ql \\&.It> macro is parsed only for the "
"inset, hang and tag list-types and is not callable.  Here is an example of "
"inset labels:"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2514
#, no-wrap
msgid "Em Tag"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2517
msgid ""
"The tagged list (also called a tagged paragraph) is the most common type of "
"list used in the Berkeley manuals."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2517
#, no-wrap
msgid "Em Diag"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2521
msgid ""
"Diag lists create section four diagnostic lists and are similar to inset "
"lists except callable macros are ignored."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2521
#, no-wrap
msgid "Em Hang"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2523
msgid "Hanged labels are a matter of taste."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2523
#, no-wrap
msgid "Em Ohang"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2525
msgid "Overhanging labels are nice when space is constrained."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2525
#, no-wrap
msgid "Em Inset"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2530
msgid ""
"Inset labels are useful for controlling blocks of paragraphs and are "
"valuable for converting E<.Nm \\-mdoc> manuals to other formats."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2533
msgid "Here is the source text which produced the above example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2552
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\\&.Bl -inset -offset indent\n"
"\\&.It Em Tag\n"
"\\&The tagged list (also called a tagged paragraph) is the\n"
"\\&most common type of list used in the Berkeley manuals.\n"
"\\&.It Em Diag\n"
"\\&Diag lists create section four diagnostic lists\n"
"\\&and are similar to inset lists except callable\n"
"\\&macros are ignored.\n"
"\\&.It Em Hang\n"
"\\&Hanged labels are a matter of taste.\n"
"\\&.It Em Ohang\n"
"\\&Overhanging labels are nice when space is constrained.\n"
"\\&.It Em Inset\n"
"\\&Inset labels are useful for controlling blocks of\n"
"\\&paragraphs and are valuable for converting\n"
"\\&.Nm \\-mdoc\n"
"\\&manuals to other formats.\n"
"\\&.El\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2555
msgid "Here is a hanged list with two items:"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2556
#, no-wrap
msgid "Em Hanged"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2559
msgid ""
"labels appear similar to tagged lists when the label is smaller than the "
"label width."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2559
#, no-wrap
msgid "Em Longer hanged list labels"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2562
msgid "blend in to the paragraph unlike tagged paragraph labels."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2565
msgid "And the unformatted text which created it:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2574
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\\&.Bl -hang -offset indent\n"
"\\&.It Em Hanged\n"
"\\&labels appear similar to tagged lists when the\n"
"\\&label is smaller than the label width.\n"
"\\&.It Em Longer hanged list labels\n"
"\\&blend in to the paragraph unlike\n"
"\\&tagged paragraph labels.\n"
"\\&.El\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2578
msgid ""
"The tagged list which follows uses an optional width specifier to control "
"the width of the tag."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2580
#, no-wrap
msgid "SL"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2582
msgid "sleep time of the process (seconds blocked)"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2582
#, no-wrap
msgid "PAGEIN"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2587
msgid ""
"number of disk E<.Tn I/O Ns 's> resulting from references by the process to "
"pages not loaded in core."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2587
#, no-wrap
msgid "UID"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2589
msgid "numerical user-id of process owner"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2589
#, no-wrap
msgid "PPID"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2592
msgid ""
"numerical ID of parent of process process priority (nonpositive when in "
"noninterruptible wait)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2595
msgid "The raw text:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2610
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\\&.Bl -tag -width \"PAGEIN\" -compact -offset indent\n"
"\\&.It SL\n"
"\\&sleep time of the process (seconds blocked)\n"
"\\&.It PAGEIN\n"
"\\&number of disk\n"
"\\&.Tn I/O Ns 's\n"
"\\&resulting from references\n"
"\\&by the process to pages not loaded in core.\n"
"\\&.It UID\n"
"\\&numerical user ID of process owner\n"
"\\&.It PPID\n"
"\\&numerical ID of parent of process process priority\n"
"\\&(nonpositive when in noninterruptible wait)\n"
"\\&.El\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2613
msgid "Acceptable width specifiers:"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2614
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl width Ar \\&Fl"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2623
msgid ""
"sets the width to the default width for a flag.  All callable macros have a "
"default width value.  The E<.Ql \\&.Fl>, value is presently set to ten "
"constant width characters or about five sixth of an inch."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2623
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl width Ar 24n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2629
msgid ""
"sets the width to 24 constant width characters or about two inches.  The "
"E<.Ql n> is absolutely necessary for the scaling to work correctly."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2629
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl width Ar ENAMETOOLONG"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2632
msgid "sets width to the constant width length of the string given."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2632
#, no-wrap
msgid "Fl width Ar \"\\*qint mkfifo\\*q\""
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2635
msgid "again, the width is set to the constant width of the string given."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2649
msgid ""
"If a width is not specified for the tag list type, the first time E<.Ql "
"\\&.It> is invoked, an attempt is made to determine an appropriate width.  "
"If the first argument to E<.Ql \".It\"> is a callable macro, the default "
"width for that macro will be used as if the macro name had been supplied as "
"the width.  However, if another item in the list is given with a different "
"callable macro name, a new and nested list is assumed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Sh
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2649
#, no-wrap
msgid "PREDEFINED STRINGS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2661
msgid ""
"The following strings are predefined as may be used by preceding with the "
"troff string interpreting sequence E<.Ql \\&\\e*(xx> where E<.Em xx> is the "
"name of the defined string or as E<.Ql \\&\\e*x> where E<.Em x> is the name "
"of the string.  The interpreting sequence may be used any where in the text."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2663
#, no-wrap
msgid "Sy \"String\tNroff\tTroff\""
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2664
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li E<lt>= Ta \\&E<lt>\\&= Ta \\*(E<lt>="
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2665
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li E<gt>= Ta \\&E<gt>\\&= Ta \\*(E<gt>="
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2666
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li Rq Ta '' Ta \\*(Rq"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2667
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li Lq Ta `` Ta \\*(Lq"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2668
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li ua Ta ^ Ta \\*(ua"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2669
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li aa Ta ' Ta \\*(aa"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2670
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li ga Ta \\` Ta \\*(ga"
msgstr ""

#.  .It Li "sL" Ta ` Ta \*(sL
#.  .It Li "sR" Ta ' Ta \*(sR
#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2673
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li q Ta \\(dq Ta \\*q"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2674
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li Pi Ta pi Ta \\*(Pi"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2675
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li Ne Ta != Ta \\*(Ne"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2676
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li Le Ta E<lt>= Ta \\*(Le"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2677
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li Ge Ta E<gt>= Ta \\*(Ge"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2678
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li Lt Ta E<lt> Ta \\*(Gt"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2679
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li Gt Ta E<gt> Ta \\*(Lt"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2680
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li Pm Ta +- Ta \\*(Pm"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2681
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li If Ta infinity Ta \\*(If"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2682
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li Na Ta I<NaN> Ta \\*(Na"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2683
#, no-wrap
msgid "Li Ba Ta \\&| Ta \\*(Ba"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2692
msgid ""
"E<.Sy Note>: The string named E<.Ql q> should be written as E<.Ql \\e*q> "
"since it is only one char."
msgstr ""

#. type: Sh
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2692
#, no-wrap
msgid "DIAGNOSTICS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2725
msgid ""
"The debugging facilities for E<.Nm \\-mdoc> are limited, but can help detect "
"subtle errors such as the collision of an argument name with an internal "
"register or macro name.  (A what?)  A register is an arithmetic storage "
"class for E<.Xr troff> with a one or two character name.  All registers "
"internal to E<.Nm \\-mdoc> for E<.Xr troff> and E<.Xr ditroff> are two "
"characters and of the form E<lt>upper_caseE<gt>E<lt>lower_caseE<gt> such as "
"E<.Ql \\&Ar>, E<lt>lower_caseE<gt>E<lt>upper_caseE<gt> as E<.Ql \\&aR> or "
"E<lt>upper or lower letterE<gt>E<lt>digitE<gt> as E<.Ql \\&C\\&1>.  And "
"adding to the muddle, E<.Xr troff> has its own internal registers all of "
"which are either two lowercase characters or a dot plus a letter or "
"metacharacter character.  In one of the introduction examples, it was shown "
"how to prevent the interpretation of a macro name with the escape sequence "
"E<.Ql \\e&>.  This is sufficient for the internal register names also."
msgstr ""

#.  Every callable macro name has a corresponding register
#.  of the same name (<upper_case><lower_case>).
#.  There are also specific registers which have
#.  been used for stacks and arrays and are listed in the
#.  .Sx Appendix .
#.  .Bd -ragged -offset 4n
#.  [A-Z][a-z]	registers corresponding to macro names (example ``Ar'')
#.  [a-z][A-Z]	registers corresponding to macro names (example ``aR'')
#.  C[0-9]		argument types (example C1)
#.  O[0-9]		offset stack (displays)
#.  h[0-9]		horizontal spacing stack (lists)
#.  o[0-9]		offset (stack) (lists)
#.  t[0-9]		tag stack (lists)
#.  v[0-9]		vertical spacing stack (lists)
#.  w[0-9]		width tag/label stack
#.  .Ed
#.  .Pp
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2764
msgid ""
"If a nonescaped register name is given in the argument list of a request, "
"unpredictable behavior will occur.  In general, any time huge portions of "
"text do not appear where expected in the output, or small strings such as "
"list tags disappear, chances are there is a misunderstanding about an "
"argument type in the argument list.  Your mother never intended for you to "
"remember this evil stuff - so here is a way to find out whether or not your "
"arguments are valid: The E<.Ql \\&.Db> (debug)  macro displays the "
"interpretation of the argument list for most macros.  Macros such as the "
"E<.Ql \\&.Pp> (paragraph)  macro do not contain debugging information.  All "
"of the callable macros do, and it is strongly advised whenever in doubt, "
"turn on the E<.Ql \\&.Db> macro."
msgstr ""

#. type: Dl
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2765
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage: \\&.Db [on | off]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2774
msgid ""
"An example of a portion of text with the debug macro placed above and below "
"an artificially created problem (a flag argument E<.Ql \\&aC> which should "
"be E<.Ql \\e&aC> in order to work):"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2778
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\\&.Db on\n"
"\\&.Op Fl aC Ar file )\n"
"\\&.Db off\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2781
msgid "The resulting output:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2796
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"DEBUGGING ON\n"
"DEBUG(argv) MACRO: `.Op'  Line #: 2\n"
"\tArgc: 1  Argv: `Fl'  Length: 2\n"
"\tSpace: `'  Class: Executable\n"
"\tArgc: 2  Argv: `aC'  Length: 2\n"
"\tSpace: `'  Class: Executable\n"
"\tArgc: 3  Argv: `Ar'  Length: 2\n"
"\tSpace: `'  Class: Executable\n"
"\tArgc: 4  Argv: `file'  Length: 4\n"
"\tSpace: ` '  Class: String\n"
"\tArgc: 5  Argv: `)'  Length: 1\n"
"\tSpace: ` '  Class: Closing Punctuation or suffix\n"
"\tMACRO REQUEST: .Op Fl aC Ar file )\n"
"DEBUGGING OFF\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2823
msgid ""
"The first line of information tells the name of the calling macro, here "
"E<.Ql \\&.Op>, and the line number it appears on.  If one or more files are "
"involved (especially if text from another file is included), the line number "
"may be bogus.  If there is only one file, it should be accurate.  The second "
"line gives the argument count, the argument E<.Pq Ql \\&Fl> and its length.  "
"If the length of an argument is two characters, the argument is tested to "
"see if it is executable (unfortunately, any register which contains a "
"nonzero value appears executable).  The third line gives the space allotted "
"for a class, and the class type.  The problem here is the argument aC should "
"not be executable.  The four types of classes are string, executable, "
"closing punctuation and opening punctuation.  The last line shows the entire "
"argument list as it was read.  In this next example, the offending E<.Ql "
"\\&aC> is escaped:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2827
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\\&.Db on\n"
"\\&.Em An escaped \\e&aC\n"
"\\&.Db off\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2839
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"DEBUGGING ON\n"
"DEBUG(fargv) MACRO: `.Em'  Line #: 2\n"
"\tArgc: 1  Argv: `An'  Length: 2\n"
"\tSpace: ` '  Class: String\n"
"\tArgc: 2  Argv: `escaped'  Length: 7\n"
"\tSpace: ` '  Class: String\n"
"\tArgc: 3  Argv: `aC'  Length: 2\n"
"\tSpace: ` '  Class: String\n"
"\tMACRO REQUEST: .Em An escaped &aC\n"
"DEBUGGING OFF\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2849
msgid ""
"The argument E<.Ql \\e&aC> shows up with the same length of 2 as the E<.Ql "
"\\e&> sequence produces a zero width, but a register named E<.Ql \\e&aC> was "
"not found and the type classified as string."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2851
msgid "Other diagnostics consist of usage statements and are self explanatory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Sh
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2851
#, no-wrap
msgid "GROFF, TROFF AND NROFF"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2856
msgid ""
"The E<.Nm \\-mdoc> package does not need compatibility mode with E<.Xr "
"groff>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2874
msgid ""
"The package inhibits page breaks, and the headers and footers which normally "
"occur at those breaks with E<.Xr nroff>, to make the manual more efficient "
"for viewing on-line.  At the moment, E<.Xr groff> with E<.Fl T Ns Ar ascii> "
"does eject the imaginary remainder of the page at end of file.  The "
"inhibiting of the page breaks makes E<.Xr nroff Ns 'd> files unsuitable for "
"hardcopy.  There is a register named E<.Ql \\&cR> which can be set to zero "
"in the site dependent style file E<.Pa /usr/src/share/tmac/doc-nroff> to "
"restore the old style behavior."
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2876
#, no-wrap
msgid "Pa /usr/share/tmac/doc.tmac"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2878
msgid "manual macro package"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2878
#, no-wrap
msgid "Pa /usr/share/misc/mdoc.template"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2880
msgid "template for writing a man page"
msgstr ""

#. type: It
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2880
#, no-wrap
msgid "Pa /usr/share/examples/mdoc/*"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2882
msgid "several example man pages"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2890
msgid ""
"Undesirable hyphenation on the dash of a flag argument is not yet resolved, "
"and causes occasional mishaps in the E<.Sx DESCRIPTION> section.  (line "
"break on the hyphen)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2892
msgid "Predefined strings are not declared in documentation."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2894
msgid "Section 3f has not been added to the header routines."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2899
msgid "E<.Ql \\&.Nm> font should be changed in E<.Sx NAME> section."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2906
msgid ""
"E<.Ql \\&.Fn> needs to have a check to prevent splitting up if the line "
"length is too short.  Occasionally it separates the last parenthesis, and "
"sometimes looks ridiculous if a line is in fill mode."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2911
msgid ""
"The method used to prevent header and footer page breaks (other than the "
"initial header and footer) when using nroff occasionally places an unsightly "
"partially filled line (blank)  at the would be bottom of the page."
msgstr ""

#.  Note what happens if the parameter list overlaps a newline
#.  boundary.
#.  to make sure a line boundary is crossed:
#.  .Bd -literal
#.  \&.Fn struct\e\ dictionarytable\e\ *dictionarylookup struct\e\ dictionarytable\e\ *tab[]
#.  .Ed
#.  .Pp
#.  produces, nudge nudge,
#.  .Fn struct\ dictionarytable\ *dictionarylookup char\ *h struct\ dictionarytable\ *tab[] ,
#.  .Fn struct\ dictionarytable\ *dictionarylookup char\ *h struct\ dictionarytable\ *tab[] ,
#.  nudge
#.  .Fn struct\ dictionarytable\ *dictionarylookup char\ *h struct\ dictionarytable\ *tab[] .
#.  .Pp
#.  If double quotes are used, for example:
#.  .Bd -literal
#.  \&.Fn \*qstruct dictionarytable *dictionarylookup\*q \*qchar *h\*q \*qstruct dictionarytable *tab[]\*q
#.  .Ed
#.  .Pp
#.  produces, nudge nudge,
#.  .Fn "struct dictionarytable *dictionarylookup" "char *h" "struct dictionarytable *tab[]" ,
#.  nudge
#.  .Fn "struct dictionarytable *dictionarylookup" "char *h" "struct dictionarytable *tab[]" ,
#.  nudge
#.  .Fn "struct dictionarytable *dictionarylookup" "char *h" "struct dictionarytable *tab[]" .
#.  .Pp
#.  Not a pretty sight...
#.  In a paragraph, a long parameter containing unpaddable spaces as
#.  in the former example will cause
#.  .Xr troff
#.  to break the line and spread
#.  the remaining words out.
#.  The latter example will adjust nicely to
#.  justified margins, but may break in between an argument and its
#.  declaration.
#.  In
#.  .Xr nroff
#.  the right margin adjustment is normally ragged and the problem is
#.  not as severe.
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2952
msgid ""
"The list and display macros to not do any keeps and certainly should be able "
"to."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2957
msgid "E<.Xr man 1>, E<.Xr troff 1>, E<.Xr groff_mdoc 7>, E<.Xr mdoc 7>"
msgstr ""