-- -- CHAR -- -- fixed-length by value -- internally passed by value if <= 4 bytes in storage SELECT char 'c' = char 'c' AS true; true ------ t (1 row) -- -- Build a table for testing -- CREATE TABLE CHAR_TBL(f1 char); INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('a'); INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('A'); -- any of the following three input formats are acceptable INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('1'); INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES (2); INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('3'); -- zero-length char INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES (''); -- try char's of greater than 1 length INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('cd'); ERROR: value too long for type character(1) INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('c '); SELECT '' AS seven, * FROM CHAR_TBL; seven | f1 -------+---- | a | A | 1 | 2 | 3 | | c (7 rows) SELECT '' AS six, c.* FROM CHAR_TBL c WHERE c.f1 <> 'a'; six | f1 -----+---- | A | 1 | 2 | 3 | | c (6 rows) SELECT '' AS one, c.* FROM CHAR_TBL c WHERE c.f1 = 'a'; one | f1 -----+---- | a (1 row) SELECT '' AS five, c.* FROM CHAR_TBL c WHERE c.f1 < 'a'; five | f1 ------+---- | 1 | 2 | 3 | (4 rows) SELECT '' AS six, c.* FROM CHAR_TBL c WHERE c.f1 <= 'a'; six | f1 -----+---- | a | 1 | 2 | 3 | (5 rows) SELECT '' AS one, c.* FROM CHAR_TBL c WHERE c.f1 > 'a'; one | f1 -----+---- | A | c (2 rows) SELECT '' AS two, c.* FROM CHAR_TBL c WHERE c.f1 >= 'a'; two | f1 -----+---- | a | A | c (3 rows) DROP TABLE CHAR_TBL; -- -- Now test longer arrays of char -- CREATE TABLE CHAR_TBL(f1 char(4)); INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('a'); INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('ab'); INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('abcd'); INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('abcde'); ERROR: value too long for type character(4) INSERT INTO CHAR_TBL (f1) VALUES ('abcd '); SELECT '' AS four, * FROM CHAR_TBL; four | f1 ------+------ | a | ab | abcd | abcd (4 rows)