-- -- FOREIGN KEY -- -- MATCH FULL -- -- First test, check and cascade -- CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text ); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index 'pktable_pkey' for table 'pktable' CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int REFERENCES PKTABLE MATCH FULL ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int ); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) -- Insert test data into PKTABLE INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 'Test1'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 'Test2'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (3, 'Test3'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (4, 'Test4'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (5, 'Test5'); -- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 3); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (3, 4); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 1); -- Insert a failed row into FK TABLE INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (100, 2); ERROR: referential integrity violation - key referenced from fktable not found in pktable -- Check FKTABLE SELECT * FROM FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 --------+-------- 1 | 2 2 | 3 3 | 4 | 1 (4 rows) -- Delete a row from PK TABLE DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=1; -- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row SELECT * FROM FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 --------+-------- 2 | 3 3 | 4 | 1 (3 rows) -- Update a row from PK TABLE UPDATE PKTABLE SET ptest1=1 WHERE ptest1=2; -- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row SELECT * FROM FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 --------+-------- 3 | 4 | 1 1 | 3 (3 rows) DROP TABLE PKTABLE; NOTICE: DROP TABLE implicitly drops referential integrity trigger from table "fktable" DROP TABLE FKTABLE; -- -- check set NULL and table constraint on multiple columns -- CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, ptest3 text, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2) ); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index 'pktable_pkey' for table 'pktable' CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int, ftest2 int, ftest3 int, CONSTRAINT constrname FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2) REFERENCES PKTABLE MATCH FULL ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) -- Insert test data into PKTABLE INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 'Test1'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 'Test1-2'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 'Test2'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (3, 6, 'Test3'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (4, 8, 'Test4'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (5, 10, 'Test5'); -- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 4); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 5); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 8); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (3, 6, 12); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, NULL, 0); -- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (100, 2, 4); ERROR: constrname referential integrity violation - key referenced from fktable not found in pktable INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 2, 4); ERROR: constrname referential integrity violation - key referenced from fktable not found in pktable INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 4); ERROR: constrname referential integrity violation - MATCH FULL doesn't allow mixing of NULL and NON-NULL key values INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, NULL, 4); ERROR: constrname referential integrity violation - MATCH FULL doesn't allow mixing of NULL and NON-NULL key values -- Check FKTABLE SELECT * FROM FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 --------+--------+-------- 1 | 2 | 4 1 | 3 | 5 2 | 4 | 8 3 | 6 | 12 | | 0 (5 rows) -- Delete a row from PK TABLE DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=1 and ptest2=2; -- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row SELECT * FROM FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 --------+--------+-------- 1 | 3 | 5 2 | 4 | 8 3 | 6 | 12 | | 0 | | 4 (5 rows) -- Delete another row from PK TABLE DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=5 and ptest2=10; -- Check FKTABLE (should be no change) SELECT * FROM FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 --------+--------+-------- 1 | 3 | 5 2 | 4 | 8 3 | 6 | 12 | | 0 | | 4 (5 rows) -- Update a row from PK TABLE UPDATE PKTABLE SET ptest1=1 WHERE ptest1=2; -- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row SELECT * FROM FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 --------+--------+-------- 1 | 3 | 5 3 | 6 | 12 | | 0 | | 4 | | 8 (5 rows) DROP TABLE PKTABLE; NOTICE: DROP TABLE implicitly drops referential integrity trigger from table "fktable" DROP TABLE FKTABLE; -- -- check set default and table constraint on multiple columns -- CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, ptest3 text, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2) ); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index 'pktable_pkey' for table 'pktable' CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int DEFAULT -1, ftest2 int DEFAULT -2, ftest3 int, CONSTRAINT constrname2 FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2) REFERENCES PKTABLE MATCH FULL ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) -- Insert a value in PKTABLE for default INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (-1, -2, 'The Default!'); -- Insert test data into PKTABLE INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 'Test1'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 'Test1-2'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 'Test2'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (3, 6, 'Test3'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (4, 8, 'Test4'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (5, 10, 'Test5'); -- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 4); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 5); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 8); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (3, 6, 12); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, NULL, 0); -- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (100, 2, 4); ERROR: constrname2 referential integrity violation - key referenced from fktable not found in pktable INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 2, 4); ERROR: constrname2 referential integrity violation - key referenced from fktable not found in pktable INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 4); ERROR: constrname2 referential integrity violation - MATCH FULL doesn't allow mixing of NULL and NON-NULL key values INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, NULL, 4); ERROR: constrname2 referential integrity violation - MATCH FULL doesn't allow mixing of NULL and NON-NULL key values -- Check FKTABLE SELECT * FROM FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 --------+--------+-------- 1 | 2 | 4 1 | 3 | 5 2 | 4 | 8 3 | 6 | 12 | | 0 (5 rows) -- Delete a row from PK TABLE DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=1 and ptest2=2; -- Check FKTABLE to check for removal SELECT * FROM FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 --------+--------+-------- 1 | 3 | 5 2 | 4 | 8 3 | 6 | 12 | | 0 -1 | -2 | 4 (5 rows) -- Delete another row from PK TABLE DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=5 and ptest2=10; -- Check FKTABLE (should be no change) SELECT * FROM FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 --------+--------+-------- 1 | 3 | 5 2 | 4 | 8 3 | 6 | 12 | | 0 -1 | -2 | 4 (5 rows) -- Update a row from PK TABLE UPDATE PKTABLE SET ptest1=1 WHERE ptest1=2; -- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row SELECT * FROM FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 --------+--------+-------- 1 | 3 | 5 3 | 6 | 12 | | 0 -1 | -2 | 4 -1 | -2 | 8 (5 rows) DROP TABLE PKTABLE; NOTICE: DROP TABLE implicitly drops referential integrity trigger from table "fktable" DROP TABLE FKTABLE; -- -- First test, check with no on delete or on update -- CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text ); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index 'pktable_pkey' for table 'pktable' CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int REFERENCES PKTABLE MATCH FULL, ftest2 int ); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) -- Insert test data into PKTABLE INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 'Test1'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 'Test2'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (3, 'Test3'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (4, 'Test4'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (5, 'Test5'); -- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 3); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (3, 4); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 1); -- Insert a failed row into FK TABLE INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (100, 2); ERROR: referential integrity violation - key referenced from fktable not found in pktable -- Check FKTABLE SELECT * FROM FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 --------+-------- 1 | 2 2 | 3 3 | 4 | 1 (4 rows) -- Check PKTABLE SELECT * FROM PKTABLE; ptest1 | ptest2 --------+-------- 1 | Test1 2 | Test2 3 | Test3 4 | Test4 5 | Test5 (5 rows) -- Delete a row from PK TABLE (should fail) DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=1; ERROR: referential integrity violation - key in pktable still referenced from fktable -- Delete a row from PK TABLE (should succeed) DELETE FROM PKTABLE WHERE ptest1=5; -- Check PKTABLE for deletes SELECT * FROM PKTABLE; ptest1 | ptest2 --------+-------- 1 | Test1 2 | Test2 3 | Test3 4 | Test4 (4 rows) -- Update a row from PK TABLE (should fail) UPDATE PKTABLE SET ptest1=0 WHERE ptest1=2; ERROR: referential integrity violation - key in pktable still referenced from fktable -- Update a row from PK TABLE (should succeed) UPDATE PKTABLE SET ptest1=0 WHERE ptest1=4; -- Check PKTABLE for updates SELECT * FROM PKTABLE; ptest1 | ptest2 --------+-------- 1 | Test1 2 | Test2 3 | Test3 0 | Test4 (4 rows) DROP TABLE PKTABLE; NOTICE: DROP TABLE implicitly drops referential integrity trigger from table "fktable" DROP TABLE FKTABLE; -- MATCH unspecified -- Base test restricting update/delete CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, ptest3 int, ptest4 text, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2, ptest3) ); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index 'pktable_pkey' for table 'pktable' CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int, ftest2 int, ftest3 int, ftest4 int, CONSTRAINT constrname3 FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2, ftest3) REFERENCES PKTABLE); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) -- Insert Primary Key values INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 'test1'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 3, 'test2'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 3, 4, 'test3'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 5, 'test4'); -- Insert Foreign Key values INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 1); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 3, 2); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, NULL, 3, 3); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 7, 4); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 3, 4, 5); -- Insert a failed values INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 7, 6); ERROR: constrname3 referential integrity violation - key referenced from fktable not found in pktable -- Show FKTABLE SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 (5 rows) -- Try to update something that should fail UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=5 where ptest2=2; ERROR: constrname3 referential integrity violation - key in pktable still referenced from fktable -- Try to update something that should succeed UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest1=1 WHERE ptest2=3; -- Try to delete something that should fail DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest1=1 and ptest2=2 and ptest3=3; ERROR: constrname3 referential integrity violation - key in pktable still referenced from fktable -- Try to delete something that should work DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest1=2; -- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE SELECT * from PKTABLE; ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 1 | 2 | 3 | test1 1 | 3 | 3 | test2 1 | 3 | 4 | test3 (3 rows) SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 (5 rows) DROP TABLE FKTABLE; NOTICE: DROP TABLE implicitly drops referential integrity trigger from table "pktable" NOTICE: DROP TABLE implicitly drops referential integrity trigger from table "pktable" DROP TABLE PKTABLE; -- cascade update/delete CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, ptest3 int, ptest4 text, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2, ptest3) ); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index 'pktable_pkey' for table 'pktable' CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int, ftest2 int, ftest3 int, ftest4 int, CONSTRAINT constrname3 FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2, ftest3) REFERENCES PKTABLE ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) -- Insert Primary Key values INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 'test1'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 3, 'test2'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 3, 4, 'test3'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 5, 'test4'); -- Insert Foreign Key values INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 1); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 3, 2); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, NULL, 3, 3); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 7, 4); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 3, 4, 5); -- Insert a failed values INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 7, 6); ERROR: constrname3 referential integrity violation - key referenced from fktable not found in pktable -- Show FKTABLE SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 (5 rows) -- Try to update something that will cascade UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=5 where ptest2=2; -- Try to update something that should not cascade UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest1=1 WHERE ptest2=3; -- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE SELECT * from PKTABLE; ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 2 | 4 | 5 | test4 1 | 5 | 3 | test1 1 | 3 | 3 | test2 1 | 3 | 4 | test3 (4 rows) SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 1 | 5 | 3 | 1 (5 rows) -- Try to delete something that should cascade DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest1=1 and ptest2=5 and ptest3=3; -- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE SELECT * from PKTABLE; ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 2 | 4 | 5 | test4 1 | 3 | 3 | test2 1 | 3 | 4 | test3 (3 rows) SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 (4 rows) -- Try to delete something that should not have a cascade DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest1=2; -- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE SELECT * from PKTABLE; ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 1 | 3 | 3 | test2 1 | 3 | 4 | test3 (2 rows) SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 (4 rows) DROP TABLE FKTABLE; NOTICE: DROP TABLE implicitly drops referential integrity trigger from table "pktable" NOTICE: DROP TABLE implicitly drops referential integrity trigger from table "pktable" DROP TABLE PKTABLE; -- set null update / set default delete CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, ptest3 int, ptest4 text, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2, ptest3) ); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index 'pktable_pkey' for table 'pktable' CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int DEFAULT 0, ftest2 int, ftest3 int, ftest4 int, CONSTRAINT constrname3 FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2, ftest3) REFERENCES PKTABLE ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) -- Insert Primary Key values INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 'test1'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 3, 'test2'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 3, 4, 'test3'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 5, 'test4'); -- Insert Foreign Key values INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 1); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 3, 4, 1); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 3, 2); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, NULL, 3, 3); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 7, 4); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 3, 4, 5); -- Insert a failed values INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 7, 6); ERROR: constrname3 referential integrity violation - key referenced from fktable not found in pktable -- Show FKTABLE SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 (6 rows) -- Try to update something that will set null UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=5 where ptest2=2; -- Try to update something that should not set null UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=2 WHERE ptest2=3 and ptest1=1; -- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE SELECT * from PKTABLE; ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 2 | 3 | 4 | test3 2 | 4 | 5 | test4 1 | 5 | 3 | test1 1 | 2 | 3 | test2 (4 rows) SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 1 | | 3 | 1 (6 rows) -- Try to delete something that should set default DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest1=2 and ptest2=3 and ptest3=4; -- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE SELECT * from PKTABLE; ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 2 | 4 | 5 | test4 1 | 5 | 3 | test1 1 | 2 | 3 | test2 (3 rows) SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 1 | | 3 | 1 0 | | | 1 (6 rows) -- Try to delete something that should not set default DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest2=5; -- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE SELECT * from PKTABLE; ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 2 | 4 | 5 | test4 1 | 2 | 3 | test2 (2 rows) SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 1 | | 3 | 1 0 | | | 1 (6 rows) DROP TABLE FKTABLE; NOTICE: DROP TABLE implicitly drops referential integrity trigger from table "pktable" NOTICE: DROP TABLE implicitly drops referential integrity trigger from table "pktable" DROP TABLE PKTABLE; -- set default update / set null delete CREATE TABLE PKTABLE ( ptest1 int, ptest2 int, ptest3 int, ptest4 text, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2, ptest3) ); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index 'pktable_pkey' for table 'pktable' CREATE TABLE FKTABLE ( ftest1 int DEFAULT 0, ftest2 int DEFAULT -1, ftest3 int, ftest4 int, CONSTRAINT constrname3 FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2, ftest3) REFERENCES PKTABLE ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) -- Insert Primary Key values INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 'test1'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (1, 3, 3, 'test2'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 3, 4, 'test3'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 5, 'test4'); INSERT INTO PKTABLE VALUES (2, -1, 5, 'test5'); -- Insert Foreign Key values INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 3, 1); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 3, 4, 1); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, 4, 5, 1); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 3, 2); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (2, NULL, 3, 3); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 2, 7, 4); INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (NULL, 3, 4, 5); -- Insert a failed values INSERT INTO FKTABLE VALUES (1, 2, 7, 6); ERROR: constrname3 referential integrity violation - key referenced from fktable not found in pktable -- Show FKTABLE SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 2 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 (7 rows) -- Try to update something that will fail UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=5 where ptest2=2; ERROR: constrname3 referential integrity violation - key referenced from fktable not found in pktable -- Try to update something that will set default UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest1=0, ptest2=5, ptest3=10 where ptest2=2; UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=10 where ptest2=4; -- Try to update something that should not set default UPDATE PKTABLE set ptest2=2 WHERE ptest2=3 and ptest1=1; -- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE SELECT * from PKTABLE; ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 2 | 3 | 4 | test3 2 | -1 | 5 | test5 0 | 5 | 10 | test1 2 | 10 | 5 | test4 1 | 2 | 3 | test2 (5 rows) SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 0 | -1 | | 1 2 | -1 | 5 | 1 (7 rows) -- Try to delete something that should set null DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest1=2 and ptest2=3 and ptest3=4; -- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE SELECT * from PKTABLE; ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 2 | -1 | 5 | test5 0 | 5 | 10 | test1 2 | 10 | 5 | test4 1 | 2 | 3 | test2 (4 rows) SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 0 | -1 | | 1 2 | -1 | 5 | 1 | | | 1 (7 rows) -- Try to delete something that should not set null DELETE FROM PKTABLE where ptest2=5; -- Show PKTABLE and FKTABLE SELECT * from PKTABLE; ptest1 | ptest2 | ptest3 | ptest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- 2 | -1 | 5 | test5 2 | 10 | 5 | test4 1 | 2 | 3 | test2 (3 rows) SELECT * from FKTABLE; ftest1 | ftest2 | ftest3 | ftest4 --------+--------+--------+-------- | 2 | 3 | 2 2 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 0 | -1 | | 1 2 | -1 | 5 | 1 | | | 1 (7 rows) DROP TABLE FKTABLE; NOTICE: DROP TABLE implicitly drops referential integrity trigger from table "pktable" NOTICE: DROP TABLE implicitly drops referential integrity trigger from table "pktable" DROP TABLE PKTABLE; CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index 'pktable_pkey' for table 'pktable' CREATE TABLE FKTABLE_FAIL1 ( ftest1 int, CONSTRAINT fkfail1 FOREIGN KEY (ftest2) REFERENCES PKTABLE); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: CREATE TABLE: column "ftest2" referenced in foreign key constraint does not exist CREATE TABLE FKTABLE_FAIL2 ( ftest1 int, CONSTRAINT fkfail1 FOREIGN KEY (ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLE(ptest2)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: UNIQUE constraint matching given keys for referenced table "pktable" not found DROP TABLE FKTABLE_FAIL1; ERROR: table "fktable_fail1" does not exist DROP TABLE FKTABLE_FAIL2; ERROR: table "fktable_fail2" does not exist DROP TABLE PKTABLE; -- Test for referencing column number smaller than referenced constraint CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 int, UNIQUE(ptest1, ptest2)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / UNIQUE will create implicit index 'pktable_ptest1_key' for table 'pktable' CREATE TABLE FKTABLE_FAIL1 (ftest1 int REFERENCES pktable(ptest1)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: UNIQUE constraint matching given keys for referenced table "pktable" not found DROP TABLE FKTABLE_FAIL1; ERROR: table "fktable_fail1" does not exist DROP TABLE PKTABLE; -- -- Tests for mismatched types -- -- Basic one column, two table setup CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index 'pktable_pkey' for table 'pktable' -- This next should fail, because inet=int does not exist CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 inet REFERENCES pktable); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: Unable to identify an operator '=' for types 'inet' and 'integer' You will have to retype this query using an explicit cast -- This should also fail for the same reason, but here we -- give the column name CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 inet REFERENCES pktable(ptest1)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: Unable to identify an operator '=' for types 'inet' and 'integer' You will have to retype this query using an explicit cast -- This should succeed, even though they are different types -- because varchar=int does exist CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 varchar REFERENCES pktable); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) DROP TABLE FKTABLE; NOTICE: DROP TABLE implicitly drops referential integrity trigger from table "pktable" NOTICE: DROP TABLE implicitly drops referential integrity trigger from table "pktable" -- As should this CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 varchar REFERENCES pktable(ptest1)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) DROP TABLE FKTABLE; NOTICE: DROP TABLE implicitly drops referential integrity trigger from table "pktable" NOTICE: DROP TABLE implicitly drops referential integrity trigger from table "pktable" DROP TABLE PKTABLE; -- Two columns, two tables CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 inet, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index 'pktable_pkey' for table 'pktable' -- This should fail, because we just chose really odd types CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 cidr, ftest2 datetime, FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2) REFERENCES pktable); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: Unable to identify an operator '=' for types 'cidr' and 'integer' You will have to retype this query using an explicit cast -- Again, so should this... CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 cidr, ftest2 datetime, FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2) REFERENCES pktable(ptest1, ptest2)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: Unable to identify an operator '=' for types 'cidr' and 'integer' You will have to retype this query using an explicit cast -- This fails because we mixed up the column ordering CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, FOREIGN KEY(ftest2, ftest1) REFERENCES pktable); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: Unable to identify an operator '=' for types 'inet' and 'integer' You will have to retype this query using an explicit cast -- As does this... CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, FOREIGN KEY(ftest2, ftest1) REFERENCES pktable(ptest1, ptest2)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: Unable to identify an operator '=' for types 'inet' and 'integer' You will have to retype this query using an explicit cast -- And again.. CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2) REFERENCES pktable(ptest2, ptest1)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: Unable to identify an operator '=' for types 'integer' and 'inet' You will have to retype this query using an explicit cast -- This works... CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, FOREIGN KEY(ftest2, ftest1) REFERENCES pktable(ptest2, ptest1)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) DROP TABLE FKTABLE; NOTICE: DROP TABLE implicitly drops referential integrity trigger from table "pktable" NOTICE: DROP TABLE implicitly drops referential integrity trigger from table "pktable" -- As does this CREATE TABLE FKTABLE (ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, FOREIGN KEY(ftest1, ftest2) REFERENCES pktable(ptest1, ptest2)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) DROP TABLE FKTABLE; NOTICE: DROP TABLE implicitly drops referential integrity trigger from table "pktable" NOTICE: DROP TABLE implicitly drops referential integrity trigger from table "pktable" DROP TABLE PKTABLE; -- Two columns, same table -- Make sure this still works... CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 inet, ptest3 int, ptest4 inet, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2), FOREIGN KEY(ptest3, ptest4) REFERENCES pktable(ptest1, ptest2)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index 'pktable_pkey' for table 'pktable' NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) DROP TABLE PKTABLE; -- And this, CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 inet, ptest3 int, ptest4 inet, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2), FOREIGN KEY(ptest3, ptest4) REFERENCES pktable); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index 'pktable_pkey' for table 'pktable' NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) DROP TABLE PKTABLE; -- This shouldn't (mixed up columns) CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 inet, ptest3 int, ptest4 inet, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2), FOREIGN KEY(ptest3, ptest4) REFERENCES pktable(ptest2, ptest1)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index 'pktable_pkey' for table 'pktable' NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: Unable to identify an operator '=' for types 'integer' and 'inet' You will have to retype this query using an explicit cast -- Nor should this... (same reason, we have 4,3 referencing 1,2 which mismatches types CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 inet, ptest3 int, ptest4 inet, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2), FOREIGN KEY(ptest4, ptest3) REFERENCES pktable(ptest1, ptest2)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index 'pktable_pkey' for table 'pktable' NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: Unable to identify an operator '=' for types 'inet' and 'integer' You will have to retype this query using an explicit cast -- Not this one either... Same as the last one except we didn't defined the columns being referenced. CREATE TABLE PKTABLE (ptest1 int, ptest2 inet, ptest3 int, ptest4 inet, PRIMARY KEY(ptest1, ptest2), FOREIGN KEY(ptest4, ptest3) REFERENCES pktable); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index 'pktable_pkey' for table 'pktable' NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: Unable to identify an operator '=' for types 'inet' and 'integer' You will have to retype this query using an explicit cast -- -- Now some cases with inheritance -- Basic 2 table case: 1 column of matching types. create table pktable_base (base1 int not null); create table pktable (ptest1 int, primary key(base1), unique(base1, ptest1)) inherits (pktable_base); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index 'pktable_pkey' for table 'pktable' NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / UNIQUE will create implicit index 'pktable_base1_key' for table 'pktable' create table fktable (ftest1 int references pktable(base1)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) -- now some ins, upd, del insert into pktable(base1) values (1); insert into pktable(base1) values (2); -- let's insert a non-existant fktable value insert into fktable(ftest1) values (3); ERROR: referential integrity violation - key referenced from fktable not found in pktable -- let's make a valid row for that insert into pktable(base1) values (3); insert into fktable(ftest1) values (3); -- let's try removing a row that should fail from pktable delete from pktable where base1>2; ERROR: referential integrity violation - key in pktable still referenced from fktable -- okay, let's try updating all of the base1 values to *4 -- which should fail. update pktable set base1=base1*4; ERROR: referential integrity violation - key in pktable still referenced from fktable -- okay, let's try an update that should work. update pktable set base1=base1*4 where base1<3; -- and a delete that should work delete from pktable where base1>3; -- cleanup drop table fktable; NOTICE: DROP TABLE implicitly drops referential integrity trigger from table "pktable" NOTICE: DROP TABLE implicitly drops referential integrity trigger from table "pktable" delete from pktable; -- Now 2 columns 2 tables, matching types create table fktable (ftest1 int, ftest2 int, foreign key(ftest1, ftest2) references pktable(base1, ptest1)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) -- now some ins, upd, del insert into pktable(base1, ptest1) values (1, 1); insert into pktable(base1, ptest1) values (2, 2); -- let's insert a non-existant fktable value insert into fktable(ftest1, ftest2) values (3, 1); ERROR: referential integrity violation - key referenced from fktable not found in pktable -- let's make a valid row for that insert into pktable(base1,ptest1) values (3, 1); insert into fktable(ftest1, ftest2) values (3, 1); -- let's try removing a row that should fail from pktable delete from pktable where base1>2; ERROR: referential integrity violation - key in pktable still referenced from fktable -- okay, let's try updating all of the base1 values to *4 -- which should fail. update pktable set base1=base1*4; ERROR: referential integrity violation - key in pktable still referenced from fktable -- okay, let's try an update that should work. update pktable set base1=base1*4 where base1<3; -- and a delete that should work delete from pktable where base1>3; -- cleanup drop table fktable; NOTICE: DROP TABLE implicitly drops referential integrity trigger from table "pktable" NOTICE: DROP TABLE implicitly drops referential integrity trigger from table "pktable" drop table pktable; drop table pktable_base; -- Now we'll do one all in 1 table with 2 columns of matching types create table pktable_base(base1 int not null, base2 int); create table pktable(ptest1 int, ptest2 int, primary key(base1, ptest1), foreign key(base2, ptest2) references pktable(base1, ptest1)) inherits (pktable_base); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index 'pktable_pkey' for table 'pktable' NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) insert into pktable (base1, ptest1, base2, ptest2) values (1, 1, 1, 1); insert into pktable (base1, ptest1, base2, ptest2) values (2, 1, 1, 1); insert into pktable (base1, ptest1, base2, ptest2) values (2, 2, 2, 1); insert into pktable (base1, ptest1, base2, ptest2) values (1, 3, 2, 2); -- fails (3,2) isn't in base1, ptest1 insert into pktable (base1, ptest1, base2, ptest2) values (2, 3, 3, 2); ERROR: referential integrity violation - key referenced from pktable not found in pktable -- fails (2,2) is being referenced delete from pktable where base1=2; ERROR: referential integrity violation - key in pktable still referenced from pktable -- fails (1,1) is being referenced (twice) update pktable set base1=3 where base1=1; ERROR: referential integrity violation - key referenced from pktable not found in pktable -- this sequence of two deletes will work, since after the first there will be no (2,*) references delete from pktable where base2=2; delete from pktable where base1=2; drop table pktable; drop table pktable_base; -- 2 columns (2 tables), mismatched types create table pktable_base(base1 int not null); create table pktable(ptest1 inet, primary key(base1, ptest1)) inherits (pktable_base); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index 'pktable_pkey' for table 'pktable' -- just generally bad types (with and without column references on the referenced table) create table fktable(ftest1 cidr, ftest2 int[], foreign key (ftest1, ftest2) references pktable); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: Unable to identify an operator '=' for types 'cidr' and 'integer' You will have to retype this query using an explicit cast create table fktable(ftest1 cidr, ftest2 int[], foreign key (ftest1, ftest2) references pktable(base1, ptest1)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: Unable to identify an operator '=' for types 'cidr' and 'integer' You will have to retype this query using an explicit cast -- let's mix up which columns reference which create table fktable(ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, foreign key(ftest2, ftest1) references pktable); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: Unable to identify an operator '=' for types 'inet' and 'integer' You will have to retype this query using an explicit cast create table fktable(ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, foreign key(ftest2, ftest1) references pktable(base1, ptest1)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: Unable to identify an operator '=' for types 'inet' and 'integer' You will have to retype this query using an explicit cast create table fktable(ftest1 int, ftest2 inet, foreign key(ftest1, ftest2) references pktable(ptest1, base1)); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: Unable to identify an operator '=' for types 'integer' and 'inet' You will have to retype this query using an explicit cast drop table pktable; drop table pktable_base; -- 2 columns (1 table), mismatched types create table pktable_base(base1 int not null, base2 int); create table pktable(ptest1 inet, ptest2 inet[], primary key(base1, ptest1), foreign key(base2, ptest2) references pktable(base1, ptest1)) inherits (pktable_base); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index 'pktable_pkey' for table 'pktable' NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: Unable to identify an operator '=' for types 'inet[]' and 'inet' You will have to retype this query using an explicit cast create table pktable(ptest1 inet, ptest2 inet, primary key(base1, ptest1), foreign key(base2, ptest2) references pktable(ptest1, base1)) inherits (pktable_base); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index 'pktable_pkey' for table 'pktable' NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: Unable to identify an operator '=' for types 'integer' and 'inet' You will have to retype this query using an explicit cast create table pktable(ptest1 inet, ptest2 inet, primary key(base1, ptest1), foreign key(ptest2, base2) references pktable(base1, ptest1)) inherits (pktable_base); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index 'pktable_pkey' for table 'pktable' NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: Unable to identify an operator '=' for types 'inet' and 'integer' You will have to retype this query using an explicit cast create table pktable(ptest1 inet, ptest2 inet, primary key(base1, ptest1), foreign key(ptest2, base2) references pktable(base1, ptest1)) inherits (pktable_base); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index 'pktable_pkey' for table 'pktable' NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit trigger(s) for FOREIGN KEY check(s) ERROR: Unable to identify an operator '=' for types 'inet' and 'integer' You will have to retype this query using an explicit cast drop table pktable; ERROR: table "pktable" does not exist drop table pktable_base;