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import original 0.9.5 release
[handbrake-jp/handbrake-jp.git] / libhb / sync.c
index 94b8411..b44765e 100644 (file)
 
 typedef struct
 {
-    hb_audio_t * audio;
+    hb_lock_t * mutex;
+    int         ref;        /* Reference count to tell us when it's unused */
+    int         count_frames;
+    int64_t     audio_pts_slip;
+    int64_t     video_pts_slip;
+    int64_t     pts_offset;
+
+    /* Frame based point-to-point support */
+    int64_t     audio_pts_thresh;
+    int         start_found;
+    hb_cond_t * next_frame;
+    int         pts_count;
+    int64_t   * first_pts;
+} hb_sync_common_t;
 
-    int64_t      next_start;    /* start time of next output frame */
-    int64_t      next_pts;      /* start time of next input frame */
-    int64_t      first_drop;    /* PTS of first 'went backwards' frame dropped */
-    int          drop_count;    /* count of 'time went backwards' drops */
+typedef struct
+{
+    int          index;
+    double       next_start;   /* start time of next output frame */
+    int64_t      first_drop;   /* PTS of first 'went backwards' frame dropped */
+    int          drop_count;   /* count of 'time went backwards' drops */
 
     /* Raw */
     SRC_STATE  * state;
@@ -32,75 +47,99 @@ typedef struct
     /* AC-3 */
     int          ac3_size;
     uint8_t    * ac3_buf;
-
 } hb_sync_audio_t;
 
-struct hb_work_private_s
+typedef struct
 {
-    hb_job_t * job;
-    int        busy;            // bitmask with one bit for each active input
-                                // (bit 0 = video; 1 = audio 0, 2 = audio 1, ...
-                                // appropriate bit is cleared when input gets
-                                // an eof buf. syncWork returns done when all
-                                // bits are clear.
     /* Video */
-    int64_t pts_offset;
-    int64_t next_start;         /* start time of next output frame */
-    int64_t next_pts;           /* start time of next input frame */
-    int64_t first_drop;         /* PTS of first 'went backwards' frame dropped */
-    int drop_count;             /* count of 'time went backwards' drops */
-    int drops;                  /* frames dropped to make a cbr video stream */
-    int dups;                   /* frames duplicated to make a cbr video stream */
-    int video_sequence;
-    int count_frames;
-    int count_frames_max;
-    int chap_mark;              /* to propagate chapter mark across a drop */
-    hb_buffer_t * cur; /* The next picture to process */
-
-    /* Audio */
-    hb_sync_audio_t sync_audio[8];
-    int64_t audio_passthru_slip;
-    int64_t video_pts_slip;
+    int        first_frame;
+    int64_t    pts_skip;
+    int64_t    next_start;    /* start time of next output frame */
+    int64_t    first_drop;    /* PTS of first 'went backwards' frame dropped */
+    int        drop_count;    /* count of 'time went backwards' drops */
+    int        drops;         /* frames dropped to make a cbr video stream */
+    int        dups;          /* frames duplicated to make a cbr video stream */
+    int        video_sequence;
+    int        count_frames_max;
+    int        chap_mark;     /* to propagate chapter mark across a drop */
+    hb_buffer_t * cur;        /* The next picture to process */
 
     /* Statistics */
-    uint64_t st_counts[4];
-    uint64_t st_dates[4];
-    uint64_t st_first;
+    uint64_t   st_counts[4];
+    uint64_t   st_dates[4];
+    uint64_t   st_first;
+} hb_sync_video_t;
+
+struct hb_work_private_s
+{
+    hb_job_t * job;
+    hb_sync_common_t * common;
+    union
+    {
+        hb_sync_video_t video;
+        hb_sync_audio_t audio;
+    } type;
 };
 
 /***********************************************************************
  * Local prototypes
  **********************************************************************/
-static void InitAudio( hb_work_object_t * w, int i );
-static void SyncVideo( hb_work_object_t * w );
-static void SyncAudio( hb_work_object_t * w, int i );
-static void InsertSilence( hb_work_object_t * w, int i, int64_t d );
+static void getPtsOffset( hb_work_object_t * w );
+static int  checkPtsOffset( hb_work_object_t * w );
+static void InitAudio( hb_job_t * job, hb_sync_common_t * common, int i );
+static void InsertSilence( hb_work_object_t * w, int64_t d );
 static void UpdateState( hb_work_object_t * w );
+static void UpdateSearchState( hb_work_object_t * w, int64_t start );
+static hb_buffer_t * OutputAudioFrame( hb_audio_t *audio, hb_buffer_t *buf,
+                                       hb_sync_audio_t *sync );
 
 /***********************************************************************
  * hb_work_sync_init
  ***********************************************************************
  * Initialize the work object
  **********************************************************************/
-int syncInit( hb_work_object_t * w, hb_job_t * job )
+hb_work_object_t * hb_sync_init( hb_job_t * job )
 {
-    hb_title_t       * title = job->title;
-    hb_chapter_t     * chapter;
-    int                i;
-    uint64_t           duration;
+    hb_title_t        * title = job->title;
+    hb_chapter_t      * chapter;
+    int                 i;
+    uint64_t            duration;
     hb_work_private_t * pv;
+    hb_sync_video_t   * sync;
+    hb_work_object_t  * w;
+    hb_work_object_t  * ret = NULL;
 
     pv = calloc( 1, sizeof( hb_work_private_t ) );
+    sync = &pv->type.video;
+    pv->common = calloc( 1, sizeof( hb_sync_common_t ) );
+    pv->common->ref++;
+    pv->common->mutex = hb_lock_init();
+    pv->common->audio_pts_thresh = -1;
+    pv->common->next_frame = hb_cond_init();
+    pv->common->pts_count = 1;
+    if ( job->frame_to_start || job->pts_to_start )
+    {
+        pv->common->start_found = 0;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        pv->common->start_found = 1;
+    }
+
+    ret = w = hb_get_work( WORK_SYNC_VIDEO );
     w->private_data = pv;
+    w->fifo_in = job->fifo_raw;
+    w->fifo_out = job->fifo_sync;
 
     pv->job            = job;
-    pv->pts_offset     = INT64_MIN;
+    pv->common->pts_offset   = INT64_MIN;
+    sync->first_frame = 1;
 
     if( job->pass == 2 )
     {
         /* We already have an accurate frame count from pass 1 */
         hb_interjob_t * interjob = hb_interjob_get( job->h );
-        pv->count_frames_max = interjob->frame_count;
+        sync->count_frames_max = interjob->frame_count;
     }
     else
     {
@@ -125,72 +164,76 @@ int syncInit( hb_work_object_t * w, hb_job_t * job )
             duration += 90000;
             /* 1 second safety so we're sure we won't miss anything */
         }
-        pv->count_frames_max = duration * title->rate / title->rate_base / 90000;
+        sync->count_frames_max = duration * title->rate / title->rate_base / 90000;
     }
 
-    hb_log( "sync: expecting %d video frames", pv->count_frames_max );
-    pv->busy |= 1;
+    hb_log( "sync: expecting %d video frames", sync->count_frames_max );
 
     /* Initialize libsamplerate for every audio track we have */
     if ( ! job->indepth_scan )
     {
-        for( i = 0; i < hb_list_count( title->list_audio ) && i < 8; i++ )
+        for( i = 0; i < hb_list_count( title->list_audio ); i++ )
         {
-            pv->busy |= ( 1 << (i + 1) );
-            InitAudio( w, i );
+            InitAudio( job, pv->common, i );
         }
     }
+    pv->common->first_pts = malloc( sizeof(int64_t) * pv->common->pts_count );
+    for ( i = 0; i < pv->common->pts_count; i++ )
+        pv->common->first_pts[i] = INT64_MAX;
 
-    return 0;
+    return ret;
 }
 
 /***********************************************************************
- * Close
+ * Close Video
  ***********************************************************************
  *
  **********************************************************************/
-void syncClose( hb_work_object_t * w )
+void syncVideoClose( hb_work_object_t * w )
 {
     hb_work_private_t * pv = w->private_data;
     hb_job_t          * job   = pv->job;
-    hb_title_t        * title = job->title;
-    hb_audio_t        * audio = NULL;
-    int i;
+    hb_sync_video_t   * sync = &pv->type.video;
+
+    // Wake up audio sync if it's still waiting on condition.
+    pv->common->pts_offset = 0;
+    pv->common->start_found = 1;
+    hb_cond_broadcast( pv->common->next_frame );
 
-    if( pv->cur )
+    if( sync->cur )
     {
-        hb_buffer_close( &pv->cur );
+        hb_buffer_close( &sync->cur );
     }
 
     hb_log( "sync: got %d frames, %d expected",
-            pv->count_frames, pv->count_frames_max );
+            pv->common->count_frames, sync->count_frames_max );
 
     /* save data for second pass */
     if( job->pass == 1 )
     {
         /* Preserve frame count for better accuracy in pass 2 */
         hb_interjob_t * interjob = hb_interjob_get( job->h );
-        interjob->frame_count = pv->count_frames;
+        interjob->frame_count = pv->common->count_frames;
         interjob->last_job = job->sequence_id;
-        interjob->total_time = pv->next_start;
+        interjob->total_time = sync->next_start;
     }
 
-    if (pv->drops || pv->dups )
+    if (sync->drops || sync->dups )
     {
-        hb_log( "sync: %d frames dropped, %d duplicated", pv->drops, pv->dups );
+        hb_log( "sync: %d frames dropped, %d duplicated", 
+                sync->drops, sync->dups );
     }
 
-    for( i = 0; i < hb_list_count( title->list_audio ); i++ )
+    hb_lock( pv->common->mutex );
+    if ( --pv->common->ref == 0 )
     {
-        audio = hb_list_item( title->list_audio, i );
-        if( audio->config.out.codec == HB_ACODEC_AC3 )
-        {
-            free( pv->sync_audio[i].ac3_buf );
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            src_delete( pv->sync_audio[i].state );
-        }
+        hb_unlock( pv->common->mutex );
+        hb_lock_close( &pv->common->mutex );
+        free( pv->common );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        hb_unlock( pv->common->mutex );
     }
 
     free( pv );
@@ -198,123 +241,176 @@ void syncClose( hb_work_object_t * w )
 }
 
 /***********************************************************************
- * Work
+ * syncVideoWork
  ***********************************************************************
- * The root routine of this work abject
- *
- * The way this works is that we are syncing the audio to the PTS of
- * the last video that we processed. That's why we skip the audio sync
- * if we haven't got a valid PTS from the video yet.
  *
  **********************************************************************/
-int syncWork( hb_work_object_t * w, hb_buffer_t ** unused1,
-              hb_buffer_t ** unused2 )
+static hb_buffer_t * copy_subtitle( hb_buffer_t * src );
+
+int syncVideoWork( hb_work_object_t * w, hb_buffer_t ** buf_in,
+              hb_buffer_t ** buf_out )
 {
+    hb_buffer_t * cur, * next, * sub = NULL;
     hb_work_private_t * pv = w->private_data;
+    hb_job_t          * job = pv->job;
+    hb_subtitle_t     * subtitle;
+    hb_sync_video_t   * sync = &pv->type.video;
     int i;
+    int64_t start, next_start;
 
-    if ( pv->busy & 1 )
-        SyncVideo( w );
+    *buf_out = NULL;
+    next = *buf_in;
+    *buf_in = NULL;
 
-    for( i = 0; i < hb_list_count( pv->job->title->list_audio ); i++ )
+    /* Wait till we can determine the initial pts of all streams */
+    if( next->size != 0 && pv->common->pts_offset == INT64_MIN )
     {
-        if ( pv->busy & ( 1 << (i + 1) ) )
-            SyncAudio( w, i );
+        pv->common->first_pts[0] = next->start;
+        hb_lock( pv->common->mutex );
+        while( pv->common->pts_offset == INT64_MIN )
+        {
+            // Full fifos will make us wait forever, so get the
+            // pts offset from the available streams if full
+            if ( hb_fifo_is_full( job->fifo_raw ) )
+            {
+                getPtsOffset( w );
+                hb_cond_broadcast( pv->common->next_frame );
+            }
+            else if ( checkPtsOffset( w ) )
+                hb_cond_broadcast( pv->common->next_frame );
+            else
+                hb_cond_timedwait( pv->common->next_frame, pv->common->mutex, 200 );
+        }
+        hb_unlock( pv->common->mutex );
     }
 
-    return ( pv->busy? HB_WORK_OK : HB_WORK_DONE );
-}
-
-hb_work_object_t hb_sync =
-{
-    WORK_SYNC,
-    "Synchronization",
-    syncInit,
-    syncWork,
-    syncClose
-};
-
-static void InitAudio( hb_work_object_t * w, int i )
-{
-    hb_work_private_t * pv = w->private_data;
-    hb_job_t        * job   = pv->job;
-    hb_title_t      * title = job->title;
-    hb_sync_audio_t * sync;
-
-    sync        = &pv->sync_audio[i];
-    sync->audio = hb_list_item( title->list_audio, i );
+    hb_lock( pv->common->mutex );
+    next_start = next->start - pv->common->video_pts_slip;
+    hb_unlock( pv->common->mutex );
 
-    if( sync->audio->config.out.codec == HB_ACODEC_AC3 )
+    /* Wait for start of point-to-point encoding */
+    if( !pv->common->start_found )
     {
-        /* Have a silent AC-3 frame ready in case we have to fill a
-           gap */
-        AVCodec        * codec;
-        AVCodecContext * c;
-        short          * zeros;
-
-        codec = avcodec_find_encoder( CODEC_ID_AC3 );
-        c     = avcodec_alloc_context();
-
-        c->bit_rate    = sync->audio->config.in.bitrate;
-        c->sample_rate = sync->audio->config.in.samplerate;
-        c->channels    = HB_INPUT_CH_LAYOUT_GET_DISCRETE_COUNT( sync->audio->config.in.channel_layout );
+        hb_sync_video_t   * sync = &pv->type.video;
 
-        if( hb_avcodec_open( c, codec ) < 0 )
+        if( next->size == 0 )
         {
-            hb_log( "sync: avcodec_open failed" );
-            return;
+            *buf_out = next;
+            pv->common->start_found = 1;
+            hb_cond_broadcast( pv->common->next_frame );
+
+            /*
+             * Push through any subtitle EOFs in case they 
+             * were not synced through.
+             */
+            for( i = 0; i < hb_list_count( job->list_subtitle ); i++)
+            {
+                subtitle = hb_list_item( job->list_subtitle, i );
+                if( subtitle->config.dest == PASSTHRUSUB )
+                {
+                    if( subtitle->source == VOBSUB ) 
+                        hb_fifo_push( subtitle->fifo_sync, hb_buffer_init( 0 ) );
+                    else
+                        hb_fifo_push( subtitle->fifo_out, hb_buffer_init( 0 ) );
+                }
+            }
+            return HB_WORK_DONE;
         }
+        if ( pv->common->count_frames < job->frame_to_start ||
+             next->start < job->pts_to_start )
+        {
+            // Flush any subtitles that have pts prior to the
+            // current frame
+            for( i = 0; i < hb_list_count( job->list_subtitle ); i++)
+            {
+                subtitle = hb_list_item( job->list_subtitle, i );
+                while( ( sub = hb_fifo_see( subtitle->fifo_raw ) ) )
+                {
+                    if ( sub->start > next->start )
+                        break;
+                    sub = hb_fifo_get( subtitle->fifo_raw );
+                    hb_buffer_close( &sub );
+                }
+            }
+            hb_lock( pv->common->mutex );
+            // Tell the audio threads what must be dropped
+            pv->common->audio_pts_thresh = next_start + pv->common->video_pts_slip;
+            hb_cond_broadcast( pv->common->next_frame );
+            hb_unlock( pv->common->mutex );
 
-        zeros          = calloc( AC3_SAMPLES_PER_FRAME *
-                                 sizeof( short ) * c->channels, 1 );
-        sync->ac3_size = sync->audio->config.in.bitrate * AC3_SAMPLES_PER_FRAME /
-                             sync->audio->config.in.samplerate / 8;
-        sync->ac3_buf  = malloc( sync->ac3_size );
+            UpdateSearchState( w, next_start );
+            hb_buffer_close( &next );
 
-        if( avcodec_encode_audio( c, sync->ac3_buf, sync->ac3_size,
-                                  zeros ) != sync->ac3_size )
-        {
-            hb_log( "sync: avcodec_encode_audio failed" );
+            return HB_WORK_OK;
         }
-
-        free( zeros );
-        hb_avcodec_close( c );
-        av_free( c );
+        hb_lock( pv->common->mutex );
+        pv->common->audio_pts_thresh = 0;
+        pv->common->audio_pts_slip += next_start;
+        pv->common->video_pts_slip += next_start;
+        next_start = 0;
+        pv->common->start_found = 1;
+        pv->common->count_frames = 0;
+        hb_cond_broadcast( pv->common->next_frame );
+        hb_unlock( pv->common->mutex );
+        sync->st_first = 0;
     }
-    else
+
+    if( !sync->cur )
     {
-        /* Initialize libsamplerate */
-        int error;
-        sync->state             = src_new( SRC_SINC_MEDIUM_QUALITY, HB_AMIXDOWN_GET_DISCRETE_CHANNEL_COUNT(sync->audio->config.out.mixdown), &error );
-        sync->data.end_of_input = 0;
-    }
-}
+        sync->cur = next;
+        if( sync->cur->size == 0 )
+        {
+            /* we got an end-of-stream as our first video packet? 
+             * Feed it downstream & signal that we're done. 
+             */
+            *buf_out = hb_buffer_init( 0 );
 
-/***********************************************************************
- * SyncVideo
- ***********************************************************************
- *
- **********************************************************************/
-static void SyncVideo( hb_work_object_t * w )
-{
-    hb_work_private_t * pv = w->private_data;
-    hb_buffer_t * cur, * next, * sub = NULL;
-    hb_job_t * job = pv->job;
-    hb_subtitle_t *subtitle;
-    int i;
-    int64_t pts_skip;
+            pv->common->start_found = 1;
+            hb_cond_broadcast( pv->common->next_frame );
 
-    if( !pv->cur && !( pv->cur = hb_fifo_get( job->fifo_raw ) ) )
-    {
-        /* We haven't even got a frame yet */
-        return;
+            /*
+             * Push through any subtitle EOFs in case they 
+             * were not synced through.
+             */
+            for( i = 0; i < hb_list_count( job->list_subtitle ); i++)
+            {
+                subtitle = hb_list_item( job->list_subtitle, i );
+                if( subtitle->config.dest == PASSTHRUSUB )
+                {
+                    if( subtitle->source == VOBSUB ) 
+                        hb_fifo_push( subtitle->fifo_sync, hb_buffer_init( 0 ) );
+                    else
+                        hb_fifo_push( subtitle->fifo_out, hb_buffer_init( 0 ) );
+                }
+            }
+            return HB_WORK_DONE;
+        }
+        return HB_WORK_OK;
     }
-    cur = pv->cur;
-    pts_skip = 0;
-    if( cur->size == 0 )
+    cur = sync->cur;
+    /* At this point we have a frame to process. Let's check
+        1) if we will be able to push into the fifo ahead
+        2) if the next frame is there already, since we need it to
+           compute the duration of the current frame*/
+    if( next->size == 0 )
     {
-        /* we got an end-of-stream. Feed it downstream & signal that we're done. */
-        hb_fifo_push( job->fifo_sync, hb_buffer_init( 0 ) );
+        hb_buffer_close( &next );
+
+        cur->start = sync->next_start;
+        cur->stop = cur->start + 90000. / ((double)job->vrate / (double)job->vrate_base);
+
+        /* Make sure last frame is reflected in frame count */
+        pv->common->count_frames++;
+
+        /* Push the frame to the renderer */
+        hb_fifo_push( job->fifo_sync, cur );
+        sync->cur = NULL;
+
+        /* we got an end-of-stream. Feed it downstream & signal that
+         * we're done. Note that this means we drop the final frame of
+         * video (we don't know its duration). On DVDs the final frame
+         * is often strange and dropping it seems to be a good idea. */
+        *buf_out = hb_buffer_init( 0 );
 
         /*
          * Push through any subtitle EOFs in case they were not synced through.
@@ -324,432 +420,784 @@ static void SyncVideo( hb_work_object_t * w )
             subtitle = hb_list_item( job->list_subtitle, i );
             if( subtitle->config.dest == PASSTHRUSUB )
             {
-                hb_fifo_push( subtitle->fifo_out, hb_buffer_init( 0 ) );
+                if( subtitle->source == VOBSUB ) 
+                    hb_fifo_push( subtitle->fifo_sync, hb_buffer_init( 0 ) );
+                else
+                    hb_fifo_push( subtitle->fifo_out, hb_buffer_init( 0 ) );
             }
         }
-
-        pv->busy &=~ 1;
-        return;
+        pv->common->start_found = 1;
+        hb_cond_broadcast( pv->common->next_frame );
+        return HB_WORK_DONE;
     }
 
-    /* At this point we have a frame to process. Let's check
-        1) if we will be able to push into the fifo ahead
-        2) if the next frame is there already, since we need it to
-           compute the duration of the current frame*/
-    while( !hb_fifo_is_full( job->fifo_sync ) &&
-           ( next = hb_fifo_see( job->fifo_raw ) ) )
+    /* Check for end of point-to-point frame encoding */
+    if( job->frame_to_stop && pv->common->count_frames > job->frame_to_stop )
     {
-        hb_buffer_t * buf_tmp;
+        // Drop an empty buffer into our output to ensure that things
+        // get flushed all the way out.
+        hb_buffer_close( &sync->cur );
+        hb_buffer_close( &next );
+        *buf_out = hb_buffer_init( 0 );
+        hb_log( "sync: reached %d frames, exiting early",
+                pv->common->count_frames );
 
-        if( next->size == 0 )
+        /*
+         * Push through any subtitle EOFs in case they were not synced through.
+         */
+        for( i = 0; i < hb_list_count( job->list_subtitle ); i++)
         {
-            /* we got an end-of-stream. Feed it downstream & signal that
-             * we're done. Note that this means we drop the final frame of
-             * video (we don't know its duration). On DVDs the final frame
-             * is often strange and dropping it seems to be a good idea. */
-            hb_fifo_push( job->fifo_sync, hb_buffer_init( 0 ) );
-
-            /*
-             * Push through any subtitle EOFs in case they were not synced through.
-             */
-            for( i = 0; i < hb_list_count( job->list_subtitle ); i++)
+            subtitle = hb_list_item( job->list_subtitle, i );
+            if( subtitle->config.dest == PASSTHRUSUB )
             {
-                subtitle = hb_list_item( job->list_subtitle, i );
-                if( subtitle->config.dest == PASSTHRUSUB )
-                {
+                if( subtitle->source == VOBSUB ) 
+                    hb_fifo_push( subtitle->fifo_sync, hb_buffer_init( 0 ) );
+                else
                     hb_fifo_push( subtitle->fifo_out, hb_buffer_init( 0 ) );
-                }
-            }
-            pv->busy &=~ 1;
-            return;
-        }
-        if( pv->pts_offset == INT64_MIN )
-        {
-            /* This is our first frame */
-            pv->pts_offset = 0;
-            if ( cur->start != 0 )
-            {
-                /*
-                 * The first pts from a dvd should always be zero but
-                 * can be non-zero with a transport or program stream since
-                 * we're not guaranteed to start on an IDR frame. If we get
-                 * a non-zero initial PTS extend its duration so it behaves
-                 * as if it started at zero so that our audio timing will
-                 * be in sync.
-                 */
-                hb_log( "sync: first pts is %"PRId64, cur->start );
-                cur->start = 0;
             }
         }
+        return HB_WORK_DONE;
+    }
+
+    hb_lock( pv->common->mutex );
+    start = cur->start - pv->common->video_pts_slip;
+    hb_unlock( pv->common->mutex );
+
+    /* Check for end of point-to-point pts encoding */
+    if( job->pts_to_stop && sync->next_start >= job->pts_to_stop )
+    {
+        // Drop an empty buffer into our output to ensure that things
+        // get flushed all the way out.
+        hb_log( "sync: reached pts %"PRId64", exiting early", start );
+        hb_buffer_close( &sync->cur );
+        hb_buffer_close( &next );
+        *buf_out = hb_buffer_init( 0 );
 
         /*
-         * since the first frame is always 0 and the upstream reader code
-         * is taking care of adjusting for pts discontinuities, we just have
-         * to deal with the next frame's start being in the past. This can
-         * happen when the PTS is adjusted after data loss but video frame
-         * reordering causes some frames with the old clock to appear after
-         * the clock change. This creates frames that overlap in time which
-         * looks to us like time going backward. The downstream muxing code
-         * can deal with overlaps of up to a frame time but anything larger
-         * we handle by dropping frames here.
+         * Push through any subtitle EOFs in case they were not synced through.
          */
-        if ( (int64_t)( next->start - pv->video_pts_slip - cur->start ) <= 0 )
+        for( i = 0; i < hb_list_count( job->list_subtitle ); i++)
         {
-            if ( pv->first_drop == 0 )
-            {
-                pv->first_drop = next->start;
-            }
-            ++pv->drop_count;
-            if (next->start - cur->start > 0)
-            {
-                pts_skip += next->start - cur->start;
-                pv->video_pts_slip -= next->start - cur->start;
-            }
-            buf_tmp = hb_fifo_get( job->fifo_raw );
-            if ( buf_tmp->new_chap )
+            subtitle = hb_list_item( job->list_subtitle, i );
+            if( subtitle->config.dest == PASSTHRUSUB )
             {
-                // don't drop a chapter mark when we drop the buffer
-                pv->chap_mark = buf_tmp->new_chap;
+                if( subtitle->source == VOBSUB ) 
+                    hb_fifo_push( subtitle->fifo_sync, hb_buffer_init( 0 ) );
+                else
+                    hb_fifo_push( subtitle->fifo_out, hb_buffer_init( 0 ) );
             }
-            hb_buffer_close( &buf_tmp );
-            continue;
         }
-        if ( pv->first_drop )
+        return HB_WORK_DONE;
+    }
+
+    if( sync->first_frame )
+    {
+        /* This is our first frame */
+        if ( start > 0 )
         {
-            hb_log( "sync: video time didn't advance - dropped %d frames "
-                    "(delta %d ms, current %"PRId64", next %"PRId64", dur %d)",
-                    pv->drop_count, (int)( cur->start - pv->first_drop ) / 90,
-                    cur->start, next->start, (int)( next->start - cur->start ) );
-            pv->first_drop = 0;
-            pv->drop_count = 0;
+            /*
+             * The first pts from a dvd should always be zero but
+             * can be non-zero with a transport or program stream since
+             * we're not guaranteed to start on an IDR frame. If we get
+             * a non-zero initial PTS extend its duration so it behaves
+             * as if it started at zero so that our audio timing will
+             * be in sync.
+             */
+            hb_log( "sync: first pts is %"PRId64, start );
+            start = 0;
         }
+        sync->first_frame = 0;
+    }
 
-        /*
-         * Track the video sequence number localy so that we can sync the audio
-         * to it using the sequence number as well as the PTS.
-         */
-        pv->video_sequence = cur->sequence;
+    /*
+     * since the first frame is always 0 and the upstream reader code
+     * is taking care of adjusting for pts discontinuities, we just have
+     * to deal with the next frame's start being in the past. This can
+     * happen when the PTS is adjusted after data loss but video frame
+     * reordering causes some frames with the old clock to appear after
+     * the clock change. This creates frames that overlap in time which
+     * looks to us like time going backward. The downstream muxing code
+     * can deal with overlaps of up to a frame time but anything larger
+     * we handle by dropping frames here.
+     */
+    if ( next_start - start <= 0 )
+    {
+        if ( sync->first_drop == 0 )
+        {
+            sync->first_drop = next_start;
+        }
+        ++sync->drop_count;
+        if ( next->new_chap )
+        {
+            // don't drop a chapter mark when we drop the buffer
+            sync->chap_mark = next->new_chap;
+        }
+        hb_buffer_close( &next );
+        return HB_WORK_OK;
+    }
+    if ( sync->first_drop )
+    {
+        hb_log( "sync: video time didn't advance - dropped %d frames "
+                "(delta %d ms, current %"PRId64", next %"PRId64", dur %d)",
+                sync->drop_count, (int)( start - sync->first_drop ) / 90,
+                start, next_start, (int)( next_start - start ) );
+        sync->first_drop = 0;
+        sync->drop_count = 0;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Track the video sequence number localy so that we can sync the audio
+     * to it using the sequence number as well as the PTS.
+     */
+    sync->video_sequence = cur->sequence;
+
+    /*
+     * Look for a subtitle for this frame.
+     *
+     * If found then it will be tagged onto a video buffer of the correct time and 
+     * sent in to the render pipeline. This only needs to be done for VOBSUBs which
+     * get rendered, other types of subtitles can just sit in their raw_queue until
+     * delt with at muxing.
+     */
+    for( i = 0; i < hb_list_count( job->list_subtitle ); i++)
+    {
+        int64_t sub_start, sub_stop, duration;
+        subtitle = hb_list_item( job->list_subtitle, i );
 
         /*
-         * Look for a subtitle for this frame.
-         *
-         * If found then it will be tagged onto a video buffer of the correct time and 
-         * sent in to the render pipeline. This only needs to be done for VOBSUBs which
-         * get rendered, other types of subtitles can just sit in their raw_queue until
-         * delt with at muxing.
+         * Rewrite timestamps on subtitles that need it (on raw queue).
          */
-        for( i = 0; i < hb_list_count( job->list_subtitle ); i++)
+        // NOTE: It's probably fine to use this logic for passthru VOBSUBs as well,
+        //       but I am currently preserving backwards compatibility with the old
+        //       VOBSUB behavior, which uses the more complex logic following this if-statement.
+        if( subtitle->config.dest == PASSTHRUSUB && subtitle->source != VOBSUB )
         {
-            subtitle = hb_list_item( job->list_subtitle, i );
-
             /*
-             * Rewrite timestamps on subtitles that need it (on raw queue).
+             * Rewrite timestamps on subtitles that came from Closed Captions
+             * since they are using the MPEG2 timestamps.
              */
-            if( subtitle->source == CC608SUB ||
-                subtitle->source == CC708SUB ||
-                subtitle->source == SRTSUB )
+            while( ( sub = hb_fifo_see( subtitle->fifo_raw ) ) )
             {
+                hb_lock( pv->common->mutex );
+                sub_start = sub->start - pv->common->video_pts_slip;
+                hb_unlock( pv->common->mutex );
+                duration = sub->stop - sub->start;
+                sub_stop = sub_start + duration;
+
                 /*
-                 * Rewrite timestamps on subtitles that came from Closed Captions
-                 * since they are using the MPEG2 timestamps.
+                 * Rewrite the timestamps as and when the video
+                 * (cur->start) reaches the same timestamp as a
+                 * closed caption (sub->start).
+                 *
+                 * What about discontinuity boundaries - not delt
+                 * with here - Van?
+                 *
+                 * Bypass the sync fifo altogether.
                  */
-                while( ( sub = hb_fifo_see( subtitle->fifo_raw ) ) )
+                if( sub->size <= 0 )
                 {
+                    sub = hb_fifo_get( subtitle->fifo_raw );
+                    hb_fifo_push( subtitle->fifo_out, sub );
+                    sub = NULL;
+                    break;
+                } else {
                     /*
-                     * Rewrite the timestamps as and when the video
-                     * (cur->start) reaches the same timestamp as a
-                     * closed caption (sub->start).
+                     * Sync the subtitles to the incoming video, and use
+                     * the matching converted video timestamp.
                      *
-                     * What about discontinuity boundaries - not delt
-                     * with here - Van?
+                     * Note that it doesn't appear that we need to convert 
+                     * timestamps, I guess that they were already correct,
+                     * so just push them through for rendering.
                      *
-                     * Bypass the sync fifo altogether.
                      */
-                    if( sub->size <= 0 )
+                    if( sub_start <= start )
                     {
                         sub = hb_fifo_get( subtitle->fifo_raw );
+                        sub->start = sub_start;
+                        sub->stop = sub_stop;
                         hb_fifo_push( subtitle->fifo_out, sub );
+                    } else {
+                        // sub too early. Leave it in the fifo.
                         sub = NULL;
                         break;
-                    } else {
-                        /*
-                         * Sync the subtitles to the incoming video, and use
-                         * the matching converted video timestamp.
-                         *
-                         * Note that it doesn't appear that we need to convert 
-                         * timestamps, I guess that they were already correct,
-                         * so just push them through for rendering.
-                         *
-                         */
-                        if( sub->start < cur->start )
-                        {
-                            sub = hb_fifo_get( subtitle->fifo_raw );
-                            hb_fifo_push( subtitle->fifo_out, sub );
-                        } else {
-                            sub = NULL;
-                            break;
-                        }
                     }
                 }
             }
+            
+            continue;
+        }
 
-            if( subtitle->source == VOBSUB ) 
+        // For rendered subtitles (and, for backward compatibility, passthru VOBSUBs),
+        // delay pushing subtitle packets through the pipeline until the video catches up
+        if( subtitle->config.dest == RENDERSUB || subtitle->source == VOBSUB ) 
+        {
+            hb_buffer_t * sub2;
+            while( ( sub = hb_fifo_see( subtitle->fifo_raw ) ) )
             {
-                hb_buffer_t * sub2;
-                while( ( sub = hb_fifo_see( subtitle->fifo_raw ) ) )
+                if( sub->size == 0 )
                 {
-                    if( sub->size == 0 )
-                    {
-                        /*
-                         * EOF, pass it through immediately.
-                         */
-                        break;
-                    }
+                    /*
+                     * EOF, pass it through immediately.
+                     */
+                    break;
+                }
 
-                    /* If two subtitles overlap, make the first one stop
-                       when the second one starts */
-                    sub2 = hb_fifo_see2( subtitle->fifo_raw );
-                    if( sub2 && sub->stop > sub2->start )
-                    {
-                        sub->stop = sub2->start;
-                    }
-                    
-                    // hb_log("0x%x: video seq: %lld  subtitle sequence: %lld",
-                    //       sub, cur->sequence, sub->sequence);
-                    
-                    if( sub->sequence > cur->sequence )
+                hb_lock( pv->common->mutex );
+                sub_start = sub->start - pv->common->video_pts_slip;
+                hb_unlock( pv->common->mutex );
+                duration = sub->stop - sub->start;
+                sub_stop = sub_start + duration;
+
+                /* If two subtitles overlap, make the first one stop
+                   when the second one starts */
+                sub2 = hb_fifo_see2( subtitle->fifo_raw );
+                if( sub2 && sub->stop > sub2->start )
+                {
+                    sub->stop = sub2->start;
+                }
+                
+                // hb_log("0x%x: video seq: %"PRId64" subtitle sequence: %"PRId64,
+                //       sub, cur->sequence, sub->sequence);
+                
+                if( sub->sequence > cur->sequence )
+                {
+                    /*
+                     * The video is behind where we are, so wait until
+                     * it catches up to the same reader point on the
+                     * DVD. Then our PTS should be in the same region
+                     * as the video.
+                     */
+                    sub = NULL;
+                    break;
+                }
+                
+                if( sub_stop > start ) 
+                {
+                    /*
+                     * The stop time is in the future, so fall through
+                     * and we'll deal with it in the next block of
+                     * code.
+                     */
+
+                    /*
+                     * There is a valid subtitle, is it time to display it?
+                     */
+                    if( sub_stop > sub_start)
                     {
                         /*
-                         * The video is behind where we are, so wait until
-                         * it catches up to the same reader point on the
-                         * DVD. Then our PTS should be in the same region
-                         * as the video.
+                         * Normal subtitle which ends after it starts, 
+                         * check to see that the current video is between 
+                         * the start and end.
                          */
-                        sub = NULL;
-                        break;
+                        if( start > sub_start &&
+                            start < sub_stop )
+                        {
+                            /*
+                            * We should be playing this, so leave the
+                            * subtitle in place.
+                            *
+                            * fall through to display
+                            */
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            /*
+                             * Defer until the play point is within 
+                             * the subtitle
+                             */
+                            sub = NULL;
+                        }
                     }
-                    
-                    if( sub->stop > cur->start ) {
-                        /*
-                         * The stop time is in the future, so fall through
-                         * and we'll deal with it in the next block of
-                         * code.
-                         */
-
+                    else
+                    {
                         /*
-                         * There is a valid subtitle, is it time to display it?
+                         * The end of the subtitle is less than the start, 
+                         * this is a sign of a PTS discontinuity.
                          */
-                        if( sub->stop > sub->start)
+                        if( sub_start > start )
                         {
                             /*
-                             * Normal subtitle which ends after it starts, 
-                             * check to see that the current video is between 
-                             * the start and end.
+                             * we haven't reached the start time yet, or
+                             * we have jumped backwards after having
+                             * already started this subtitle.
                              */
-                            if( cur->start > sub->start &&
-                                cur->start < sub->stop )
+                            if( start < sub_stop )
                             {
                                 /*
-                                * We should be playing this, so leave the
-                                * subtitle in place.
-                                *
-                                * fall through to display
-                                */
-                                if( ( sub->stop - sub->start ) < ( 2 * 90000 ) )
-                                {
-                                    /*
-                                     * Subtitle is on for less than three 
-                                     * seconds, extend the time that it is 
-                                     * displayed to make it easier to read. 
-                                     * Make it 3 seconds or until the next
-                                     * subtitle is displayed.
-                                     *
-                                     * This is in response to Indochine which 
-                                     * only displays subs for 1 second - 
-                                     * too fast to read.
-                                     */
-                                    sub->stop = sub->start + ( 2 * 90000 );
-                                
-                                    sub2 = hb_fifo_see2( subtitle->fifo_raw );
-                                
-                                    if( sub2 && sub->stop > sub2->start )
-                                    {
-                                        sub->stop = sub2->start;
-                                    }
-                                }
+                                 * We have jumped backwards and so should
+                                 * continue displaying this subtitle.
+                                 *
+                                 * fall through to display.
+                                 */
                             }
                             else
                             {
                                 /*
-                                 * Defer until the play point is within 
-                                 * the subtitle
+                                 * Defer until the play point is 
+                                 * within the subtitle
                                  */
                                 sub = NULL;
                             }
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
+                        } else {
                             /*
-                             * The end of the subtitle is less than the start, 
-                             * this is a sign of a PTS discontinuity.
-                             */
-                            if( sub->start > cur->start )
-                            {
-                                /*
-                                 * we haven't reached the start time yet, or
-                                 * we have jumped backwards after having
-                                 * already started this subtitle.
-                                 */
-                                if( cur->start < sub->stop )
-                                {
-                                    /*
-                                     * We have jumped backwards and so should
-                                     * continue displaying this subtitle.
-                                     *
-                                     * fall through to display.
-                                     */
-                                }
-                                else
-                                {
-                                    /*
-                                     * Defer until the play point is 
-                                     * within the subtitle
-                                     */
-                                    sub = NULL;
-                                }
-                            } else {
-                                /*
-                                * Play this subtitle as the start is 
-                                * greater than our video point.
-                                *
-                                * fall through to display/
-                                */
-                            }
+                            * Play this subtitle as the start is 
+                            * greater than our video point.
+                            *
+                            * fall through to display/
+                            */
                         }
-                       break;
                     }
-                    else
-                    {
+                       break;
+                }
+                else
+                {
                     
-                        /*
-                         * The subtitle is older than this picture, trash it
-                         */
-                        sub = hb_fifo_get( subtitle->fifo_raw );
-                        hb_buffer_close( &sub );
-                    }
+                    /*
+                     * The subtitle is older than this picture, trash it
+                     */
+                    sub = hb_fifo_get( subtitle->fifo_raw );
+                    hb_buffer_close( &sub );
                 }
-                
-                /* If we have a subtitle for this picture, copy it */
-                /* FIXME: we should avoid this memcpy */
-                if( sub )
+            }
+            
+            /* If we have a subtitle for this picture, copy it */
+            if( sub )
+            {
+                if( sub->size > 0 )
                 {
-                    if( sub->size > 0 )
+                    if( subtitle->config.dest == RENDERSUB )
                     {
-                        if( subtitle->config.dest == RENDERSUB )
+                        // Only allow one subtitle to be showing at once; ignore others
+                        if ( cur->sub == NULL )
                         {
-                            if ( cur->sub == NULL )
-                            {
-                                /*
-                                 * Tack onto the video buffer for rendering
-                                 */
-                                cur->sub         = hb_buffer_init( sub->size );
-                                cur->sub->x      = sub->x;
-                                cur->sub->y      = sub->y;
-                                cur->sub->width  = sub->width;
-                                cur->sub->height = sub->height;
-                                memcpy( cur->sub->data, sub->data, sub->size ); 
-                            }
-                        } else {
                             /*
-                             * Pass-Through, pop it off of the raw queue, 
+                             * Tack onto the video buffer for rendering
                              */
-                            sub = hb_fifo_get( subtitle->fifo_raw );
-                            hb_fifo_push( subtitle->fifo_sync, sub );
+                            /* FIXME: we should avoid this memcpy */
+                            cur->sub = copy_subtitle( sub );
+                            cur->sub->start = sub_start;
+                            cur->sub->stop = sub_stop;
+                            
+                            // Leave the subtitle on the raw queue
+                            // (until it no longer needs to be displayed)
                         }
                     } else {
                         /*
-                        * EOF - consume for rendered, else pass through
-                        */
-                        if( subtitle->config.dest == RENDERSUB )
-                        {
-                            sub = hb_fifo_get( subtitle->fifo_raw );
-                            hb_buffer_close( &sub );
-                        } else {
-                            sub = hb_fifo_get( subtitle->fifo_raw );
-                            hb_fifo_push( subtitle->fifo_out, sub );
-                        }
+                         * Pass-Through, pop it off of the raw queue, 
+                         */
+                        sub = hb_fifo_get( subtitle->fifo_raw );
+                        sub->start = sub_start;
+                        sub->stop = sub_stop;
+                        hb_fifo_push( subtitle->fifo_sync, sub );
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    /*
+                    * EOF - consume for rendered, else pass through
+                    */
+                    if( subtitle->config.dest == RENDERSUB )
+                    {
+                        sub = hb_fifo_get( subtitle->fifo_raw );
+                        hb_buffer_close( &sub );
+                    } else {
+                        sub = hb_fifo_get( subtitle->fifo_raw );
+                        sub->start = sub_start;
+                        sub->stop = sub_stop;
+                        hb_fifo_push( subtitle->fifo_sync, sub );
                     }
                 }
             }
-        } // end subtitles
+        }
+    } // end subtitles
+
+    /*
+     * Adjust the pts of the current frame so that it's contiguous
+     * with the previous frame. The start time of the current frame
+     * has to be the end time of the previous frame and the stop
+     * time has to be the start of the next frame.  We don't
+     * make any adjustments to the source timestamps other than removing
+     * the clock offsets (which also removes pts discontinuities).
+     * This means we automatically encode at the source's frame rate.
+     * MP2 uses an implicit duration (frames end when the next frame
+     * starts) but more advanced containers like MP4 use an explicit
+     * duration. Since we're looking ahead one frame we set the
+     * explicit stop time from the start time of the next frame.
+     */
+    *buf_out = cur;
+    sync->cur = cur = next;
+    cur->sub = NULL;
+    int64_t duration = next_start - start;
+    sync->pts_skip = 0;
+    if ( duration <= 0 )
+    {
+        hb_log( "sync: invalid video duration %"PRId64", start %"PRId64", next %"PRId64"",
+                duration, start, next_start );
+    }
+
+    (*buf_out)->start = sync->next_start;
+    sync->next_start += duration;
+    (*buf_out)->stop = sync->next_start;
+
+    if ( sync->chap_mark )
+    {
+        // we have a pending chapter mark from a recent drop - put it on this
+        // buffer (this may make it one frame late but we can't do any better).
+        (*buf_out)->new_chap = sync->chap_mark;
+        sync->chap_mark = 0;
+    }
+
+    /* Update UI */
+    UpdateState( w );
+
+    return HB_WORK_OK;
+}
+
+static hb_buffer_t * copy_subtitle( hb_buffer_t * src_list )
+{
+    hb_buffer_t * dst_list = NULL;
+    
+    hb_buffer_t * src;
+    hb_buffer_t * dst;
+    hb_buffer_t ** dst_ptr = &dst_list;
+    for ( src = src_list, dst_ptr = &dst_list;
+          src;
+          src = src->next_subpicture, dst_ptr = &dst->next_subpicture )
+    {
+        (*dst_ptr)  = hb_buffer_init( src->size );
+        dst         = (*dst_ptr); 
+        dst->x      = src->x;
+        dst->y      = src->y;
+        dst->width  = src->width;
+        dst->height = src->height;
+        memcpy( dst->data, src->data, src->size );
+    }
+    
+    return dst_list;
+}
+
+// sync*Init does nothing because sync has a special initializer
+// that takes care of initializing video and all audio tracks
+int syncVideoInit( hb_work_object_t * w, hb_job_t * job)
+{
+    return 0;
+}
 
+hb_work_object_t hb_sync_video =
+{
+    WORK_SYNC_VIDEO,
+    "Video Synchronization",
+    syncVideoInit,
+    syncVideoWork,
+    syncVideoClose
+};
+
+/***********************************************************************
+ * Close Audio
+ ***********************************************************************
+ *
+ **********************************************************************/
+void syncAudioClose( hb_work_object_t * w )
+{
+    hb_work_private_t * pv    = w->private_data;
+    hb_sync_audio_t   * sync  = &pv->type.audio;
+
+    if( w->audio->config.out.codec == HB_ACODEC_AC3_PASS )
+    {
+        free( sync->ac3_buf );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        src_delete( sync->state );
+    }
+
+    hb_lock( pv->common->mutex );
+    if ( --pv->common->ref == 0 )
+    {
+        hb_unlock( pv->common->mutex );
+        hb_lock_close( &pv->common->mutex );
+        free( pv->common );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        hb_unlock( pv->common->mutex );
+    }
+
+    free( pv );
+    w->private_data = NULL;
+}
+
+int syncAudioInit( hb_work_object_t * w, hb_job_t * job)
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/***********************************************************************
+ * SyncAudio
+ ***********************************************************************
+ *
+ **********************************************************************/
+static int syncAudioWork( hb_work_object_t * w, hb_buffer_t ** buf_in,
+                       hb_buffer_t ** buf_out )
+{
+    hb_work_private_t * pv = w->private_data;
+    hb_job_t        * job = pv->job;
+    hb_sync_audio_t * sync = &pv->type.audio;
+    hb_buffer_t     * buf;
+    int64_t start;
+
+    *buf_out = NULL;
+    buf = *buf_in;
+    *buf_in = NULL;
+    /* if the next buffer is an eof send it downstream */
+    if ( buf->size <= 0 )
+    {
+        hb_buffer_close( &buf );
+        *buf_out = hb_buffer_init( 0 );
+        return HB_WORK_DONE;
+    }
+
+    /* Wait till we can determine the initial pts of all streams */
+    if( pv->common->pts_offset == INT64_MIN )
+    {
+        pv->common->first_pts[sync->index+1] = buf->start;
+        hb_lock( pv->common->mutex );
+        while( pv->common->pts_offset == INT64_MIN )
+        {
+            // Full fifos will make us wait forever, so get the
+            // pts offset from the available streams if full
+            if (hb_fifo_is_full(w->fifo_in))
+            {
+                getPtsOffset( w );
+                hb_cond_broadcast( pv->common->next_frame );
+            }
+            else if ( checkPtsOffset( w ) )
+                hb_cond_broadcast( pv->common->next_frame );
+            else
+                hb_cond_timedwait( pv->common->next_frame, pv->common->mutex, 200 );
+        }
+        hb_unlock( pv->common->mutex );
+    }
+
+    /* Wait for start frame if doing point-to-point */
+    hb_lock( pv->common->mutex );
+    start = buf->start - pv->common->audio_pts_slip;
+    while ( !pv->common->start_found )
+    {
+        if ( pv->common->audio_pts_thresh < 0 )
+        {
+            // I would initialize this in hb_sync_init, but 
+            // job->pts_to_start can be modified by reader 
+            // after hb_sync_init is called.
+            pv->common->audio_pts_thresh = job->pts_to_start;
+        }
+        if ( buf->start < pv->common->audio_pts_thresh )
+        {
+            hb_buffer_close( &buf );
+            hb_unlock( pv->common->mutex );
+            return HB_WORK_OK;
+        }
+        while ( !pv->common->start_found && 
+                buf->start >= pv->common->audio_pts_thresh )
+        {
+            hb_cond_timedwait( pv->common->next_frame, pv->common->mutex, 200 );
+        }
+        start = buf->start - pv->common->audio_pts_slip;
+    }
+    if ( start < 0 )
+    {
+        hb_buffer_close( &buf );
+        hb_unlock( pv->common->mutex );
+        return HB_WORK_OK;
+    }
+    hb_unlock( pv->common->mutex );
+
+    if( job->frame_to_stop && pv->common->count_frames >= job->frame_to_stop )
+    {
+        hb_buffer_close( &buf );
+        *buf_out = hb_buffer_init( 0 );
+        return HB_WORK_DONE;
+    }
+
+    if( job->pts_to_stop && sync->next_start >= job->pts_to_stop )
+    {
+        hb_buffer_close( &buf );
+        *buf_out = hb_buffer_init( 0 );
+        return HB_WORK_DONE;
+    }
+
+    if ( start - sync->next_start < 0 )
+    {
+        // audio time went backwards.
+        // If our output clock is more than a half frame ahead of the
+        // input clock drop this frame to move closer to sync.
+        // Otherwise drop frames until the input clock matches the output clock.
+        if ( sync->first_drop || sync->next_start - start > 90*15 )
+        {
+            // Discard data that's in the past.
+            if ( sync->first_drop == 0 )
+            {
+                sync->first_drop = sync->next_start;
+            }
+            ++sync->drop_count;
+            hb_buffer_close( &buf );
+            return HB_WORK_OK;
+        }
+    }
+    if ( sync->first_drop )
+    {
+        // we were dropping old data but input buf time is now current
+        hb_log( "sync: audio %d time went backwards %d ms, dropped %d frames "
+                "(next %"PRId64", current %"PRId64")", w->audio->id,
+                (int)( sync->next_start - sync->first_drop ) / 90,
+                sync->drop_count, sync->first_drop, (int64_t)sync->next_start );
+        sync->first_drop = 0;
+        sync->drop_count = 0;
+    }
+    if ( start - sync->next_start >= (90 * 70) )
+    {
+        if ( start - sync->next_start > (90000LL * 60) )
+        {
+            // there's a gap of more than a minute between the last
+            // frame and this. assume we got a corrupted timestamp
+            // and just drop the next buf.
+            hb_log( "sync: %d minute time gap in audio %d - dropping buf"
+                    "  start %"PRId64", next %"PRId64,
+                    (int)((start - sync->next_start) / (90000*60)),
+                    w->audio->id, start, (int64_t)sync->next_start );
+            hb_buffer_close( &buf );
+            return HB_WORK_OK;
+        }
         /*
-         * Adjust the pts of the current frame so that it's contiguous
-         * with the previous frame. The start time of the current frame
-         * has to be the end time of the previous frame and the stop
-         * time has to be the start of the next frame.  We don't
-         * make any adjustments to the source timestamps other than removing
-         * the clock offsets (which also removes pts discontinuities).
-         * This means we automatically encode at the source's frame rate.
-         * MP2 uses an implicit duration (frames end when the next frame
-         * starts) but more advanced containers like MP4 use an explicit
-         * duration. Since we're looking ahead one frame we set the
-         * explicit stop time from the start time of the next frame.
+         * there's a gap of at least 70ms between the last
+         * frame we processed & the next. Fill it with silence.
+         * Or in the case of DCA, skip some frames from the
+         * other streams.
          */
-        buf_tmp = cur;
-        pv->cur = cur = hb_fifo_get( job->fifo_raw );
-        cur->sub = NULL;
-        pv->next_pts = cur->start;
-        int64_t duration = cur->start - pts_skip - buf_tmp->start;
-        pts_skip = 0;
-        if ( duration <= 0 )
+        if( w->audio->config.out.codec == HB_ACODEC_DCA_PASS )
         {
-            hb_log( "sync: invalid video duration %"PRId64", start %"PRId64", next %"PRId64"",
-                    duration, buf_tmp->start, next->start );
+            hb_log( "sync: audio gap %d ms. Skipping frames. Audio %d"
+                    "  start %"PRId64", next %"PRId64,
+                    (int)((start - sync->next_start) / 90),
+                    w->audio->id, start, (int64_t)sync->next_start );
+            hb_lock( pv->common->mutex );
+            pv->common->audio_pts_slip += (start - sync->next_start);
+            pv->common->video_pts_slip += (start - sync->next_start);
+            hb_unlock( pv->common->mutex );
+            *buf_out = buf;
+            return HB_WORK_OK;
         }
+        hb_log( "sync: adding %d ms of silence to audio %d"
+                "  start %"PRId64", next %"PRId64,
+                (int)((start - sync->next_start) / 90),
+                w->audio->id, start, (int64_t)sync->next_start );
+        InsertSilence( w, start - sync->next_start );
+    }
 
-        buf_tmp->start = pv->next_start;
-        pv->next_start += duration;
-        buf_tmp->stop = pv->next_start;
+    /*
+     * When we get here we've taken care of all the dups and gaps in the
+     * audio stream and are ready to inject the next input frame into
+     * the output stream.
+     */
+    *buf_out = OutputAudioFrame( w->audio, buf, sync );
+    return HB_WORK_OK;
+}
+
+hb_work_object_t hb_sync_audio =
+{
+    WORK_SYNC_AUDIO,
+    "AudioSynchronization",
+    syncAudioInit,
+    syncAudioWork,
+    syncAudioClose
+};
+
+static void InitAudio( hb_job_t * job, hb_sync_common_t * common, int i )
+{
+    hb_work_object_t  * w;
+    hb_work_private_t * pv;
+    hb_title_t        * title = job->title;
+    hb_sync_audio_t   * sync;
 
-        if ( pv->chap_mark )
+    pv = calloc( 1, sizeof( hb_work_private_t ) );
+    sync = &pv->type.audio;
+    sync->index = i;
+    pv->job    = job;
+    pv->common = common;
+    pv->common->ref++;
+    pv->common->pts_count++;
+
+    w = hb_get_work( WORK_SYNC_AUDIO );
+    w->private_data = pv;
+    w->audio = hb_list_item( title->list_audio, i );
+    w->fifo_in = w->audio->priv.fifo_raw;
+
+    if( w->audio->config.out.codec == HB_ACODEC_AC3_PASS ||
+        w->audio->config.out.codec == HB_ACODEC_DCA_PASS )
+    {
+        w->fifo_out = w->audio->priv.fifo_out;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        w->fifo_out = w->audio->priv.fifo_sync;
+    }
+
+    if( w->audio->config.out.codec == HB_ACODEC_AC3_PASS )
+    {
+        /* Have a silent AC-3 frame ready in case we have to fill a
+           gap */
+        AVCodec        * codec;
+        AVCodecContext * c;
+        short          * zeros;
+
+        codec = avcodec_find_encoder( CODEC_ID_AC3 );
+        c     = avcodec_alloc_context();
+
+        c->bit_rate    = w->audio->config.in.bitrate;
+        c->sample_rate = w->audio->config.in.samplerate;
+        c->channels    = HB_INPUT_CH_LAYOUT_GET_DISCRETE_COUNT( w->audio->config.in.channel_layout );
+
+        if( hb_avcodec_open( c, codec ) < 0 )
         {
-            // we have a pending chapter mark from a recent drop - put it on this
-            // buffer (this may make it one frame late but we can't do any better).
-            buf_tmp->new_chap = pv->chap_mark;
-            pv->chap_mark = 0;
+            hb_log( "sync: avcodec_open failed" );
+            return;
         }
 
-        /* Push the frame to the renderer */
-        hb_fifo_push( job->fifo_sync, buf_tmp );
+        zeros          = calloc( AC3_SAMPLES_PER_FRAME *
+                                 sizeof( short ) * c->channels, 1 );
+        sync->ac3_size = w->audio->config.in.bitrate * AC3_SAMPLES_PER_FRAME /
+                             w->audio->config.in.samplerate / 8;
+        sync->ac3_buf  = malloc( sync->ac3_size );
 
-        /* Update UI */
-        UpdateState( w );
-        
-        if( job->frame_to_stop && pv->count_frames > job->frame_to_stop )
+        if( avcodec_encode_audio( c, sync->ac3_buf, sync->ac3_size,
+                                  zeros ) != sync->ac3_size )
         {
-            // Drop an empty buffer into our output to ensure that things
-            // get flushed all the way out.
-            hb_fifo_push( job->fifo_sync, hb_buffer_init( 0 ) );
-            pv->busy &=~ 1;
-            hb_log( "sync: reached %d frames, exiting early (%i busy)",
-                    pv->count_frames, pv->busy );
-            return;
+            hb_log( "sync: avcodec_encode_audio failed" );
         }
+
+        free( zeros );
+        hb_avcodec_close( c );
+        av_free( c );
     }
+    else
+    {
+        /* Initialize libsamplerate */
+        int error;
+        sync->state = src_new( SRC_SINC_MEDIUM_QUALITY, 
+            HB_AMIXDOWN_GET_DISCRETE_CHANNEL_COUNT(
+                w->audio->config.out.mixdown), &error );
+        sync->data.end_of_input = 0;
+    }
+    hb_list_add( job->list_work, w );
 }
 
-static void OutputAudioFrame( hb_job_t *job, hb_audio_t *audio, hb_buffer_t *buf,
-                              hb_sync_audio_t *sync, hb_fifo_t *fifo, int i )
+static hb_buffer_t * OutputAudioFrame( hb_audio_t *audio, hb_buffer_t *buf,
+                                       hb_sync_audio_t *sync )
 {
-    int64_t start = sync->next_start;
-    int64_t duration = buf->stop - buf->start;
-
-    sync->next_pts += duration;
+    int64_t start = (int64_t)sync->next_start;
+    double duration = buf->stop - buf->start;
 
     if( audio->config.in.samplerate == audio->config.out.samplerate ||
-        audio->config.out.codec == HB_ACODEC_AC3 ||
-        audio->config.out.codec == HB_ACODEC_DCA )
+        audio->config.out.codec == HB_ACODEC_AC3_PASS ||
+        audio->config.out.codec == HB_ACODEC_DCA_PASS )
     {
         /*
          * If we don't have to do sample rate conversion or this audio is 
@@ -788,148 +1236,25 @@ static void OutputAudioFrame( hb_job_t *job, hb_audio_t *audio, hb_buffer_t *buf
         if( src_process( sync->state, &sync->data ) )
         {
             /* XXX If this happens, we're screwed */
-            hb_log( "sync: audio %d src_process failed", i );
+            hb_log( "sync: audio %d src_process failed", audio->id );
         }
         hb_buffer_close( &buf_raw );
 
         buf->size = sync->data.output_frames_gen * channel_count;
-        duration = ( sync->data.output_frames_gen * 90000 ) /
+        duration = (double)( sync->data.output_frames_gen * 90000 ) /
                    audio->config.out.samplerate;
     }
     buf->frametype = HB_FRAME_AUDIO;
     buf->start = start;
-    buf->stop  = start + duration;
-    sync->next_start = start + duration;
-    hb_fifo_push( fifo, buf );
-}
-
-/***********************************************************************
- * SyncAudio
- ***********************************************************************
- *
- **********************************************************************/
-static void SyncAudio( hb_work_object_t * w, int i )
-{
-    hb_work_private_t * pv = w->private_data;
-    hb_job_t        * job = pv->job;
-    hb_sync_audio_t * sync = &pv->sync_audio[i];
-    hb_audio_t      * audio = sync->audio;
-    hb_buffer_t     * buf;
-    hb_fifo_t       * fifo;
-    int64_t start;
-
-    if( audio->config.out.codec == HB_ACODEC_AC3 ||
-        audio->config.out.codec == HB_ACODEC_DCA )
-    {
-        fifo = audio->priv.fifo_out;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        fifo = audio->priv.fifo_sync;
-    }
-
-    while( !hb_fifo_is_full( fifo ) && ( buf = hb_fifo_see( audio->priv.fifo_raw ) ) )
-    {
-        start = buf->start - pv->audio_passthru_slip;
-        /* if the next buffer is an eof send it downstream */
-        if ( buf->size <= 0 )
-        {
-            buf = hb_fifo_get( audio->priv.fifo_raw );
-            hb_fifo_push( fifo, buf );
-            pv->busy &=~ (1 << (i + 1) );
-            return;
-        }
-        if( job->frame_to_stop && pv->count_frames >= job->frame_to_stop )
-        {
-            hb_fifo_push( fifo, hb_buffer_init(0) );
-            pv->busy &=~ (1 << (i + 1) );
-            return;
-        }
-        if ( (int64_t)( start - sync->next_pts ) < 0 )
-        {
-            // audio time went backwards.
-            // If our output clock is more than a half frame ahead of the
-            // input clock drop this frame to move closer to sync.
-            // Otherwise drop frames until the input clock matches the output clock.
-            if ( sync->first_drop || sync->next_start - start > 90*15 )
-            {
-                // Discard data that's in the past.
-                if ( sync->first_drop == 0 )
-                {
-                    sync->first_drop = sync->next_pts;
-                }
-                ++sync->drop_count;
-                buf = hb_fifo_get( audio->priv.fifo_raw );
-                hb_buffer_close( &buf );
-                continue;
-            }
-            sync->next_pts = start;
-        }
-        if ( sync->first_drop )
-        {
-            // we were dropping old data but input buf time is now current
-            hb_log( "sync: audio %d time went backwards %d ms, dropped %d frames "
-                    "(next %"PRId64", current %"PRId64")", i,
-                    (int)( sync->next_pts - sync->first_drop ) / 90,
-                    sync->drop_count, sync->first_drop, sync->next_pts );
-            sync->first_drop = 0;
-            sync->drop_count = 0;
-            sync->next_pts = start;
-        }
-        if ( start - sync->next_pts >= (90 * 70) )
-        {
-            if ( start - sync->next_pts > (90000LL * 60) )
-            {
-                // there's a gap of more than a minute between the last
-                // frame and this. assume we got a corrupted timestamp
-                // and just drop the next buf.
-                hb_log( "sync: %d minute time gap in audio %d - dropping buf"
-                        "  start %"PRId64", next %"PRId64,
-                        (int)((start - sync->next_pts) / (90000*60)),
-                        i, start, sync->next_pts );
-                buf = hb_fifo_get( audio->priv.fifo_raw );
-                hb_buffer_close( &buf );
-                continue;
-            }
-            /*
-             * there's a gap of at least 70ms between the last
-             * frame we processed & the next. Fill it with silence.
-             * Or in the case of DCA, skip some frames from the
-             * other streams.
-             */
-            if( sync->audio->config.out.codec == HB_ACODEC_DCA )
-            {
-                hb_log( "sync: audio gap %d ms. Skipping frames. Audio %d"
-                        "  start %"PRId64", next %"PRId64,
-                        (int)((start - sync->next_pts) / 90),
-                        i, start, sync->next_pts );
-                pv->audio_passthru_slip += (start - sync->next_pts);
-                pv->video_pts_slip += (start - sync->next_pts);
-                return;
-            }
-            hb_log( "sync: adding %d ms of silence to audio %d"
-                    "  start %"PRId64", next %"PRId64,
-                    (int)((start - sync->next_pts) / 90),
-                    i, start, sync->next_pts );
-            InsertSilence( w, i, start - sync->next_pts );
-            return;
-        }
-
-        /*
-         * When we get here we've taken care of all the dups and gaps in the
-         * audio stream and are ready to inject the next input frame into
-         * the output stream.
-         */
-        buf = hb_fifo_get( audio->priv.fifo_raw );
-        OutputAudioFrame( job, audio, buf, sync, fifo, i );
-    }
+    sync->next_start += duration;
+    buf->stop  = (int64_t)sync->next_start;
+    return buf;
 }
 
-static void InsertSilence( hb_work_object_t * w, int i, int64_t duration )
+static void InsertSilence( hb_work_object_t * w, int64_t duration )
 {
     hb_work_private_t * pv = w->private_data;
-    hb_job_t        *job = pv->job;
-    hb_sync_audio_t *sync = &pv->sync_audio[i];
+    hb_sync_audio_t *sync = &pv->type.audio;
     hb_buffer_t     *buf;
     hb_fifo_t       *fifo;
 
@@ -938,72 +1263,74 @@ static void InsertSilence( hb_work_object_t * w, int i, int64_t duration )
     // of the AC3 frame duration we will truncate or round up depending on
     // which minimizes the timing error.
     const int frame_dur = ( 90000 * AC3_SAMPLES_PER_FRAME ) /
-                          sync->audio->config.in.samplerate;
+                          w->audio->config.in.samplerate;
     int frame_count = ( duration + (frame_dur >> 1) ) / frame_dur;
 
     while ( --frame_count >= 0 )
     {
-        if( sync->audio->config.out.codec == HB_ACODEC_AC3 )
+        if( w->audio->config.out.codec == HB_ACODEC_AC3_PASS )
         {
             buf        = hb_buffer_init( sync->ac3_size );
-            buf->start = sync->next_pts;
+            buf->start = sync->next_start;
             buf->stop  = buf->start + frame_dur;
             memcpy( buf->data, sync->ac3_buf, buf->size );
-            fifo = sync->audio->priv.fifo_out;
+            fifo = w->audio->priv.fifo_out;
         }
         else
         {
             buf = hb_buffer_init( AC3_SAMPLES_PER_FRAME * sizeof( float ) *
                                      HB_AMIXDOWN_GET_DISCRETE_CHANNEL_COUNT(
-                                         sync->audio->config.out.mixdown) );
-            buf->start = sync->next_pts;
+                                         w->audio->config.out.mixdown) );
+            buf->start = sync->next_start;
             buf->stop  = buf->start + frame_dur;
             memset( buf->data, 0, buf->size );
-            fifo = sync->audio->priv.fifo_sync;
+            fifo = w->audio->priv.fifo_sync;
         }
-        OutputAudioFrame( job, sync->audio, buf, sync, fifo, i );
+        buf = OutputAudioFrame( w->audio, buf, sync );
+        hb_fifo_push( fifo, buf );
     }
 }
 
 static void UpdateState( hb_work_object_t * w )
 {
     hb_work_private_t * pv = w->private_data;
+    hb_sync_video_t   * sync = &pv->type.video;
     hb_state_t state;
 
-    if( !pv->count_frames )
+    if( !pv->common->count_frames )
     {
-        pv->st_first = hb_get_date();
+        sync->st_first = hb_get_date();
         pv->job->st_pause_date = -1;
         pv->job->st_paused = 0;
     }
-    pv->count_frames++;
+    pv->common->count_frames++;
 
-    if( hb_get_date() > pv->st_dates[3] + 1000 )
+    if( hb_get_date() > sync->st_dates[3] + 1000 )
     {
-        memmove( &pv->st_dates[0], &pv->st_dates[1],
+        memmove( &sync->st_dates[0], &sync->st_dates[1],
                  3 * sizeof( uint64_t ) );
-        memmove( &pv->st_counts[0], &pv->st_counts[1],
+        memmove( &sync->st_counts[0], &sync->st_counts[1],
                  3 * sizeof( uint64_t ) );
-        pv->st_dates[3]  = hb_get_date();
-        pv->st_counts[3] = pv->count_frames;
+        sync->st_dates[3]  = hb_get_date();
+        sync->st_counts[3] = pv->common->count_frames;
     }
 
 #define p state.param.working
     state.state = HB_STATE_WORKING;
-    p.progress  = (float) pv->count_frames / (float) pv->count_frames_max;
+    p.progress  = (float) pv->common->count_frames / (float) sync->count_frames_max;
     if( p.progress > 1.0 )
     {
         p.progress = 1.0;
     }
     p.rate_cur   = 1000.0 *
-        (float) ( pv->st_counts[3] - pv->st_counts[0] ) /
-        (float) ( pv->st_dates[3] - pv->st_dates[0] );
-    if( hb_get_date() > pv->st_first + 4000 )
+        (float) ( sync->st_counts[3] - sync->st_counts[0] ) /
+        (float) ( sync->st_dates[3] - sync->st_dates[0] );
+    if( hb_get_date() > sync->st_first + 4000 )
     {
         int eta;
-        p.rate_avg = 1000.0 * (float) pv->st_counts[3] /
-            (float) ( pv->st_dates[3] - pv->st_first - pv->job->st_paused);
-        eta = (float) ( pv->count_frames_max - pv->st_counts[3] ) /
+        p.rate_avg = 1000.0 * (float) sync->st_counts[3] /
+            (float) ( sync->st_dates[3] - sync->st_first - pv->job->st_paused);
+        eta = (float) ( sync->count_frames_max - sync->st_counts[3] ) /
             p.rate_avg;
         p.hours   = eta / 3600;
         p.minutes = ( eta % 3600 ) / 60;
@@ -1020,3 +1347,92 @@ static void UpdateState( hb_work_object_t * w )
 
     hb_set_state( pv->job->h, &state );
 }
+
+static void UpdateSearchState( hb_work_object_t * w, int64_t start )
+{
+    hb_work_private_t * pv = w->private_data;
+    hb_sync_video_t   * sync = &pv->type.video;
+    hb_state_t state;
+    uint64_t now;
+    double avg;
+
+    now = hb_get_date();
+    if( !pv->common->count_frames )
+    {
+        sync->st_first = now;
+        pv->job->st_pause_date = -1;
+        pv->job->st_paused = 0;
+    }
+    pv->common->count_frames++;
+
+#define p state.param.working
+    state.state = HB_STATE_SEARCHING;
+    if ( pv->job->frame_to_start )
+        p.progress  = (float) pv->common->count_frames / 
+                      (float) pv->job->frame_to_start;
+    else if ( pv->job->pts_to_start )
+        p.progress  = (float) start / (float) pv->job->pts_to_start;
+    else
+        p.progress = 0;
+    if( p.progress > 1.0 )
+    {
+        p.progress = 1.0;
+    }
+    if (now > sync->st_first)
+    {
+        int eta;
+
+        if ( pv->job->frame_to_start )
+        {
+            avg = 1000.0 * (double)pv->common->count_frames / (now - sync->st_first);
+            eta = ( pv->job->frame_to_start - pv->common->count_frames ) / avg;
+        }
+        else if ( pv->job->pts_to_start )
+        {
+            avg = 1000.0 * (double)start / (now - sync->st_first);
+            eta = ( pv->job->pts_to_start - start ) / avg;
+        }
+        p.hours   = eta / 3600;
+        p.minutes = ( eta % 3600 ) / 60;
+        p.seconds = eta % 60;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        p.rate_avg = 0.0;
+        p.hours    = -1;
+        p.minutes  = -1;
+        p.seconds  = -1;
+    }
+#undef p
+
+    hb_set_state( pv->job->h, &state );
+}
+
+static void getPtsOffset( hb_work_object_t * w )
+{
+    hb_work_private_t * pv = w->private_data;
+    int           i ;
+    int64_t       first_pts = INT64_MAX;
+
+    for( i = 0; i < pv->common->pts_count; i++ )
+    {
+        if ( pv->common->first_pts[i] < first_pts )
+            first_pts = pv->common->first_pts[i];
+    }
+    pv->common->video_pts_slip = pv->common->audio_pts_slip = pv->common->pts_offset = first_pts;
+    return;
+}
+
+static int checkPtsOffset( hb_work_object_t * w )
+{
+    hb_work_private_t * pv = w->private_data;
+    int           i ;
+
+    for( i = 0; i < pv->common->pts_count; i++ )
+    {
+        if ( pv->common->first_pts[i] == INT64_MAX )
+            return 0;
+    }
+    getPtsOffset( w );
+    return 1;
+}