--- /dev/null
+#. type: TH
+#: original/man7/backend.7:15
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "backend"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: original/man7/backend.7:15
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "CUPS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: original/man7/backend.7:15
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "15 April 2011"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TH
+#: original/man7/backend.7:15
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Apple Inc."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SH
+#: original/man7/backend.7:17
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "NAME"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:19
+msgid "backend - cups backend transmission interfaces"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SH
+#: original/man7/backend.7:20
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "SYNOPSIS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:22
+msgid "B<backend>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:27
+msgid "B<backend> job user title num-copies options [ I<filename> ]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SH
+#: original/man7/backend.7:28
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "DESCRIPTION"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:31
+msgid ""
+"Backends are a special type of I<filter(7)> which is used to send print data "
+"to and discover different devices on the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:37
+msgid ""
+"Like filters, backends must be capable of reading from a filename on the "
+"command-line or from the standard input, copying the standard input to a "
+"temporary file as required by the physical interface."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:44
+msgid ""
+"The command name (argv[0]) is set to the device URI of the destination "
+"printer. Starting with CUPS 1.1.22, any authentication information in argv"
+"[0] is removed, so backend developers are urged to use the DEVICE_URI "
+"environment variable whenever authentication information is required. The "
+"CUPS API includes a I<cupsBackendDeviceURI> function for retrieving the "
+"correct device URI."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:49
+msgid ""
+"Back-channel data from the device should be relayed to the job filters by "
+"writing to file descriptor 3. The CUPS API includes the "
+"I<cupsBackChannelWrite> function for this purpose."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SH
+#: original/man7/backend.7:50
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "DEVICE DISCOVERY"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:55
+msgid ""
+"When run with no arguments, the backend should list the devices and schemes "
+"it supports or is advertising to stdout. The output consists of zero or more "
+"lines consisting of any of the following forms:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:61
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" device-class scheme \"Unknown\" \"device-info\"\n"
+" device-class device-uri \"device-make-and-model\" \"device-info\"\n"
+" device-class device-uri \"device-make-and-model\" \"device-info\" \"device-id\"\n"
+" device-class device-uri \"device-make-and-model\" \"device-info\" \"device-id\" \"device-location\"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:65
+msgid "The I<device-class> field is one of the following values:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: original/man7/backend.7:66
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "direct"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:71
+msgid ""
+"The device-uri refers to a specific direct-access device with no options, "
+"such as a parallel, USB, or SCSI device."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: original/man7/backend.7:72
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:76
+msgid "The device-uri refers to a file on disk."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: original/man7/backend.7:77
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "network"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:82
+msgid ""
+"The device-uri refers to a networked device and conforms to the general form "
+"for network URIs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: original/man7/backend.7:83
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "serial"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:89
+msgid ""
+"The device-uri refers to a serial device with configurable baud rate and "
+"other options. If the device-uri contains a baud value, it represents the "
+"maximum baud rate supported by the device."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:96
+msgid ""
+"The I<scheme> field provides the URI scheme that is supported by the "
+"backend. Backends should use this form only when the backend supports any "
+"URI using that scheme. The I<device-uri> field specifies the full URI to use "
+"when communicating with the device."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:101
+msgid ""
+"The I<device-make-and-model> field specifies the make and model of the "
+"device, e.g. \"Acme Foojet 2000\". If the make and model is not known, you "
+"must report \"Unknown\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:107
+msgid ""
+"The I<device-info> field specifies additional information about the device. "
+"Typically this includes the make and model along with the port number or "
+"network address, e.g. \"Acme Foojet 2000 USB #1\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:112
+msgid ""
+"The optional I<device-id> field specifies the IEEE-1284 device ID string for "
+"the device, which is used to select a matching driver."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:117
+msgid ""
+"The optional I<device-location> field specifies the physical location of the "
+"device, which is often used to pre-populate the printer-location attribute "
+"when adding a printer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SH
+#: original/man7/backend.7:118
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "PERMISSIONS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:122
+msgid ""
+"Backends without world execute permissions are run as the root user. "
+"Otherwise, the backend is run using the unprivileged user account, typically "
+"\"lp\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SH
+#: original/man7/backend.7:123
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "EXIT CODES"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:127
+msgid ""
+"The following exit codes are defined for backends; C API constants defined "
+"in the E<lt>cups/backend.hE<gt> header file are defined in parenthesis:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: original/man7/backend.7:128
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "0 (CUPS_BACKEND_OK)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:133
+msgid ""
+"The print file was successfully transmitted to the device or remote server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: original/man7/backend.7:134
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "1 (CUPS_BACKEND_FAILED)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:141
+msgid ""
+"The print file was not successfully transmitted to the device or remote "
+"server. The scheduler will respond to this by canceling the job, retrying "
+"the job, or stopping the queue depending on the state of the error-policy "
+"attribute."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: original/man7/backend.7:142
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "2 (CUPS_BACKEND_AUTH_REQUIRED)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:149
+msgid ""
+"The print file was not successfully transmitted because valid authentication "
+"information is required. The scheduler will respond to this by holding the "
+"job and adding the authentication-required job-reasons keyword."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: original/man7/backend.7:150
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "3 (CUPS_BACKEND_HOLD)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:156
+msgid ""
+"The print file was not successfully transmitted because it cannot be printed "
+"at this time. The scheduler will respond to this by holding the job."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: original/man7/backend.7:157
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "4 (CUPS_BACKEND_STOP)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:163
+msgid ""
+"The print file was not successfully transmitted because it cannot be printed "
+"at this time. The scheduler will respond to this by stopping the queue."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: original/man7/backend.7:164
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "5 (CUPS_BACKEND_CANCEL)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:170
+msgid ""
+"The print file was not successfully transmitted because one or more "
+"attributes are not supported. The scheduler will respond to this by "
+"canceling the job."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: original/man7/backend.7:171
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "6 (CUPS_BACKEND_RETRY)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:177
+msgid ""
+"The print file was not successfully transmitted because of a temporary "
+"issue. The scheduler will retry the job at a future time - other jobs may "
+"print before this one."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: original/man7/backend.7:178
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "7 (CUPS_BACKEND_RETRY_CURRENT)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:183
+msgid ""
+"The print file was not successfully transmitted because of a temporary "
+"issue. The scheduler will retry the job immediately without allowing "
+"intervening jobs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:186
+msgid "All other exit code values are reserved."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SH
+#: original/man7/backend.7:187
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "SEE ALSO"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:189
+msgid "I<cupsd(8)>, I<cupsd.conf(5)>, I<filter(7)>,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:191
+msgid "http://localhost:631/help"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SH
+#: original/man7/backend.7:192
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "COPYRIGHT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: original/man7/backend.7:193
+msgid "Copyright 2007-2011 by Apple Inc."
+msgstr ""
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