+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright Andries Brouwer, 2000
-.\" Some fragments of text came from the time-1.7 info file.
-.\" Inspired by kromJx@crosswinds.net.
-.\"
-.\" %%%LICENSE_START(GPL_NOVERSION_ONELINE)
-.\" Distributed under GPL
-.\" %%%LICENSE_END
-.\"
-.TH TIME 1 2008-11-14 "" "Linux User's Manual"
-.SH NAME
-time \- time a simple command or give resource usage
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.BI "time [" options "] " command " [" arguments... "] "
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-The
-.B time
-command runs the specified program
-.I command
-with the given arguments.
-When
-.I command
-finishes,
-.B time
-writes a message to standard error giving timing statistics
-about this program run.
-These statistics consist of (i) the elapsed real time
-between invocation and termination, (ii) the user CPU time
-(the sum of the
-.I tms_utime
-and
-.I tms_cutime
-values in a
-.I "struct tms"
-as returned by
-.BR times (2)),
-and (iii) the system CPU time (the sum of the
-.I tms_stime
-and
-.I tms_cstime
-values in a
-.I "struct tms"
-as returned by
-.BR times (2)).
-
-Note: some shells (e.g.,
-.BR bash (1))
-have a built-in
-.B time
-command that provides less functionality than the command described here.
-To access the real command, you may need to specify its pathname
-(something like
-.IR /usr/bin/time ).
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.B \-p
-When in the POSIX locale, use the precise traditional format
-.IP
-.in +4n
-"real %f\enuser %f\ensys %f\en"
-.in
-.IP
-(with numbers in seconds)
-where the number of decimals in the output for %f is unspecified
-but is sufficient to express the clock tick accuracy, and at least one.
-.SH EXIT STATUS
-If
-.I command
-was invoked, the exit status is that of
-.IR command .
-Otherwise, it is 127 if
-.I command
-could not be found, 126 if it could be found but could not be invoked,
-and some other nonzero value (1-125) if something else went wrong.
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-The variables
-.BR LANG ,
-.BR LC_ALL ,
-.BR LC_CTYPE ,
-.BR LC_MESSAGES ,
-.BR LC_NUMERIC ,
-.BR NLSPATH ,
-and
-.B PATH
-are used.
-The last one to search for
-.IR command .
-The remaining ones for the text and formatting of the output.
-.SH GNU VERSION
-Below a description of the GNU 1.7 version of
-.BR time .
-Disregarding the name of the utility, GNU makes it output lots of
-useful information, not only about time used, but also on other
-resources like memory, I/O and IPC calls (where available).
-The output is formatted using a format string that can be specified
-using the
-.I \-f
-option or the
-.B TIME
-environment variable.
-.LP
-The default format string is:
-.PP
-.in +4n
-%Uuser %Ssystem %Eelapsed %PCPU (%Xtext+%Ddata %Mmax)k
-.br
-%Iinputs+%Ooutputs (%Fmajor+%Rminor)pagefaults %Wswaps
-.br
-.in
-.LP
-When the
-.I \-p
-option is given the (portable) output format
-.PP
-.in +4n
-real %e
-.br
-user %U
-.br
-sys %S
-.br
-.in
-.PP
-is used.
-.SS The format string
-The format is interpreted in the usual printf-like way.
-Ordinary characters are directly copied, tab, newline
-and backslash are escaped using \et, \en and \e\e,
-a percent sign is represented by %%, and otherwise %
-indicates a conversion.
-The program
-.B time
-will always add a trailing newline itself.
-The conversions follow.
-All of those used by
-.BR tcsh (1)
-are supported.
-.LP
-.B "Time"
-.TP
-.B %E
-Elapsed real time (in [hours:]minutes:seconds).
-.TP
-.B %e
-(Not in tcsh.) Elapsed real time (in seconds).
-.TP
-.B %S
-Total number of CPU-seconds that the process spent in kernel mode.
-.TP
-.B %U
-Total number of CPU-seconds that the process spent in user mode.
-.TP
-.B %P
-Percentage of the CPU that this job got, computed as (%U + %S) / %E.
-.LP
-.B "Memory"
-.TP
-.B %M
-Maximum resident set size of the process during its lifetime, in Kbytes.
-.TP
-.B %t
-(Not in tcsh.) Average resident set size of the process, in Kbytes.
-.TP
-.B %K
-Average total (data+stack+text) memory use of the process,
-in Kbytes.
-.TP
-.B %D
-Average size of the process's unshared data area, in Kbytes.
-.TP
-.B %p
-(Not in tcsh.) Average size of the process's unshared stack space, in Kbytes.
-.TP
-.B %X
-Average size of the process's shared text space, in Kbytes.
-.TP
-.B %Z
-(Not in tcsh.) System's page size, in bytes.
-This is a per-system constant, but varies between systems.
-.TP
-.B %F
-Number of major page faults that occurred while the process was running.
-These are faults where the page has to be read in from disk.
-.TP
-.B %R
-Number of minor, or recoverable, page faults.
-These are faults for pages that are not valid but which have
-not yet been claimed by other virtual pages.
-Thus the data
-in the page is still valid but the system tables must be updated.
-.TP
-.B %W
-Number of times the process was swapped out of main memory.
-.TP
-.B %c
-Number of times the process was context-switched involuntarily
-(because the time slice expired).
-.TP
-.B %w
-Number of waits: times that the program was context-switched voluntarily,
-for instance while waiting for an I/O operation to complete.
-.LP
-.B "I/O"
-.TP
-.B %I
-Number of filesystem inputs by the process.
-.TP
-.B %O
-Number of filesystem outputs by the process.
-.TP
-.B %r
-Number of socket messages received by the process.
-.TP
-.B %s
-Number of socket messages sent by the process.
-.TP
-.B %k
-Number of signals delivered to the process.
-.TP
-.B %C
-(Not in tcsh.) Name and command-line arguments of the command being timed.
-.TP
-.B %x
-(Not in tcsh.) Exit status of the command.
-.SS GNU options
-.TP
-.BI "\-f " FORMAT ", \-\-format=" FORMAT
-Specify output format, possibly overriding the format specified
-in the environment variable TIME.
-.TP
-.B "\-p, \-\-portability"
-Use the portable output format.
-.TP
-.BI "\-o " FILE ", \-\-output=" FILE
-Do not send the results to
-.IR stderr ,
-but overwrite the specified file.
-.TP
-.B "\-a, \-\-append"
-(Used together with \-o.) Do not overwrite but append.
-.TP
-.B "\-v, \-\-verbose"
-Give very verbose output about all the program knows about.
-.SS GNU standard options
-.TP
-.B "\-\-help"
-Print a usage message on standard output and exit successfully.
-.TP
-.B "\-V, \-\-version"
-Print version information on standard output, then exit successfully.
-.TP
-.B "\-\-"
-Terminate option list.
-.SH BUGS
-Not all resources are measured by all versions of UNIX,
-so some of the values might be reported as zero.
-The present selection was mostly inspired by the data
-provided by 4.2 or 4.3BSD.
-.LP
-GNU time version 1.7 is not yet localized.
-Thus, it does not implement the POSIX requirements.
-.LP
-The environment variable
-.B TIME
-was badly chosen.
-It is not unusual for systems like
-.BR autoconf (1)
-or
-.BR make (1)
-to use environment variables with the name of a utility to override
-the utility to be used.
-Uses like MORE or TIME for options to programs
-(instead of program pathnames) tend to lead to difficulties.
-.LP
-It seems unfortunate that
-.I \-o
-overwrites instead of appends.
-(That is, the
-.I \-a
-option should be the default.)
-.LP
-Mail suggestions and bug reports for GNU
-.B time
-to
-.br
-.I bug\-utils@prep.ai.mit.edu
-.br
-Please include the version of
-.BR time ,
-which you can get by running
-.br
-.I time \-\-version
-.br
-and the operating system
-and C compiler you used.
-.\" .SH AUTHORS
-.\" .TP
-.\" .IP "David Keppel"
-.\" Original version
-.\" .IP "David MacKenzie"
-.\" POSIXization, autoconfiscation, GNU getoptization,
-.\" documentation, other bug fixes and improvements.
-.\" .IP "Arne Henrik Juul"
-.\" Helped with portability
-.\" .IP "Francois Pinard"
-.\" Helped with portability
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR tcsh (1),
-.BR times (2),
-.BR wait3 (2)
-.SH COLOPHON
-This page is part of release 3.79 of the Linux
-.I man-pages
-project.
-A description of the project,
-information about reporting bugs,
-and the latest version of this page,
-can be found at
-\%http://www.kernel.org/doc/man\-pages/.
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