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Fix a crash bug on complex views when enable_hint_table is on
[pghintplan/pg_hint_plan.git] / pg_hint_plan.c
index f87849c..feb7ac4 100644 (file)
@@ -4,15 +4,18 @@
  *               do instructions or hints to the planner using C-style block comments
  *               of the SQL.
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2012, NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION
+ * Copyright (c) 2012-2014, NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
 #include "postgres.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_collation.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_index.h"
 #include "commands/prepare.h"
 #include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "nodes/params.h"
 #include "optimizer/clauses.h"
 #include "optimizer/cost.h"
 #include "optimizer/geqo.h"
 #include "optimizer/planner.h"
 #include "optimizer/prep.h"
 #include "optimizer/restrictinfo.h"
+#include "parser/analyze.h"
 #include "parser/scansup.h"
 #include "tcop/utility.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/lsyscache.h"
 #include "utils/memutils.h"
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 90200
+#include "utils/rel.h"
+#include "utils/snapmgr.h"
+#include "utils/syscache.h"
+#include "utils/resowner.h"
+
 #include "catalog/pg_class.h"
-#endif
+
+#include "executor/spi.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+
+/*
+ * We have our own header file "plpgsql-9.1", which is necessary to support
+ * hints for queries in PL/pgSQL blocks, in pg_hint_plan source package,
+ * because PostgreSQL 9.1 doesn't provide the header file as a part of
+ * installation.  This header file is a copy of src/pl/plpgsql/src/plpgsql.h in
+ * PostgreSQL 9.1.9 source tree,
+ *
+ * On the other hand, 9.2 installation provides that header file for external
+ * modules, so we include the header in ordinary place.
+ */
+#include "plpgsql.h"
+
+/* partially copied from pg_stat_statements */
+#include "normalize_query.h"
+
+/* PostgreSQL 9.3 */
+#include "access/htup_details.h"
 
 #ifdef PG_MODULE_MAGIC
 PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
 #endif
 
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM < 90100
-#error unsupported PostgreSQL version
-#endif
-
 #define BLOCK_COMMENT_START            "/*"
 #define BLOCK_COMMENT_END              "*/"
 #define HINT_COMMENT_KEYWORD   "+"
@@ -48,16 +73,17 @@ PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
 /* hint keywords */
 #define HINT_SEQSCAN                   "SeqScan"
 #define HINT_INDEXSCAN                 "IndexScan"
+#define HINT_INDEXSCANREGEXP   "IndexScanRegexp"
 #define HINT_BITMAPSCAN                        "BitmapScan"
+#define HINT_BITMAPSCANREGEXP  "BitmapScanRegexp"
 #define HINT_TIDSCAN                   "TidScan"
 #define HINT_NOSEQSCAN                 "NoSeqScan"
 #define HINT_NOINDEXSCAN               "NoIndexScan"
 #define HINT_NOBITMAPSCAN              "NoBitmapScan"
 #define HINT_NOTIDSCAN                 "NoTidScan"
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 90200
 #define HINT_INDEXONLYSCAN             "IndexOnlyScan"
+#define HINT_INDEXONLYSCANREGEXP       "IndexOnlyScanRegexp"
 #define HINT_NOINDEXONLYSCAN   "NoIndexOnlyScan"
-#endif
 #define HINT_NESTLOOP                  "NestLoop"
 #define HINT_MERGEJOIN                 "MergeJoin"
 #define HINT_HASHJOIN                  "HashJoin"
@@ -66,13 +92,17 @@ PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
 #define HINT_NOHASHJOIN                        "NoHashJoin"
 #define HINT_LEADING                   "Leading"
 #define HINT_SET                               "Set"
+#define HINT_ROWS                              "Rows"
 
 #define HINT_ARRAY_DEFAULT_INITSIZE 8
 
-#define parse_ereport(str, detail) \
-       ereport(pg_hint_plan_parse_messages, \
-                       (errmsg("hint syntax error at or near \"%s\"", (str)), \
-                        errdetail detail))
+#define hint_ereport(str, detail) \
+       do { \
+               ereport(pg_hint_plan_message_level,             \
+                       (errmsg("pg_hint_plan%s: hint syntax error at or near \"%s\"", qnostr, (str)), \
+                        errdetail detail)); \
+               msgqno = qno; \
+       } while(0)
 
 #define skip_space(str) \
        while (isspace(*str)) \
@@ -84,9 +114,7 @@ enum
        ENABLE_INDEXSCAN = 0x02,
        ENABLE_BITMAPSCAN = 0x04,
        ENABLE_TIDSCAN = 0x08,
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 90200
        ENABLE_INDEXONLYSCAN = 0x10
-#endif
 } SCAN_TYPE_BITS;
 
 enum
@@ -96,44 +124,70 @@ enum
        ENABLE_HASHJOIN = 0x04
 } JOIN_TYPE_BITS;
 
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 90200
 #define ENABLE_ALL_SCAN (ENABLE_SEQSCAN | ENABLE_INDEXSCAN | \
                                                 ENABLE_BITMAPSCAN | ENABLE_TIDSCAN | \
                                                 ENABLE_INDEXONLYSCAN)
-#else
-#define ENABLE_ALL_SCAN (ENABLE_SEQSCAN | ENABLE_INDEXSCAN | \
-                                                ENABLE_BITMAPSCAN | ENABLE_TIDSCAN)
-#endif
 #define ENABLE_ALL_JOIN (ENABLE_NESTLOOP | ENABLE_MERGEJOIN | ENABLE_HASHJOIN)
 #define DISABLE_ALL_SCAN 0
 #define DISABLE_ALL_JOIN 0
 
+/* hint keyword of enum type*/
+typedef enum HintKeyword
+{
+       HINT_KEYWORD_SEQSCAN,
+       HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXSCAN,
+       HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXSCANREGEXP,
+       HINT_KEYWORD_BITMAPSCAN,
+       HINT_KEYWORD_BITMAPSCANREGEXP,
+       HINT_KEYWORD_TIDSCAN,
+       HINT_KEYWORD_NOSEQSCAN,
+       HINT_KEYWORD_NOINDEXSCAN,
+       HINT_KEYWORD_NOBITMAPSCAN,
+       HINT_KEYWORD_NOTIDSCAN,
+       HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXONLYSCAN,
+       HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXONLYSCANREGEXP,
+       HINT_KEYWORD_NOINDEXONLYSCAN,
+       HINT_KEYWORD_NESTLOOP,
+       HINT_KEYWORD_MERGEJOIN,
+       HINT_KEYWORD_HASHJOIN,
+       HINT_KEYWORD_NONESTLOOP,
+       HINT_KEYWORD_NOMERGEJOIN,
+       HINT_KEYWORD_NOHASHJOIN,
+       HINT_KEYWORD_LEADING,
+       HINT_KEYWORD_SET,
+       HINT_KEYWORD_ROWS,
+       HINT_KEYWORD_UNRECOGNIZED
+} HintKeyword;
+
 typedef struct Hint Hint;
 typedef struct HintState HintState;
 
 typedef Hint *(*HintCreateFunction) (const char *hint_str,
-                                                                        const char *keyword);
+                                                                        const char *keyword,
+                                                                        HintKeyword hint_keyword);
 typedef void (*HintDeleteFunction) (Hint *hint);
-typedef void (*HintDumpFunction) (Hint *hint, StringInfo buf);
+typedef void (*HintDescFunction) (Hint *hint, StringInfo buf, bool nolf);
 typedef int (*HintCmpFunction) (const Hint *a, const Hint *b);
 typedef const char *(*HintParseFunction) (Hint *hint, HintState *hstate,
                                                                                  Query *parse, const char *str);
 
 /* hint types */
-#define NUM_HINT_TYPE  4
+#define NUM_HINT_TYPE  5
 typedef enum HintType
 {
        HINT_TYPE_SCAN_METHOD,
        HINT_TYPE_JOIN_METHOD,
        HINT_TYPE_LEADING,
-       HINT_TYPE_SET
+       HINT_TYPE_SET,
+       HINT_TYPE_ROWS,
 } HintType;
 
 static const char *HintTypeName[] = {
        "scan method",
        "join method",
        "leading",
-       "set"
+       "set",
+       "rows",
 };
 
 /* hint status */
@@ -149,17 +203,23 @@ typedef enum HintStatus
 #define hint_state_enabled(hint) ((hint)->base.state == HINT_STATE_NOTUSED || \
                                                                  (hint)->base.state == HINT_STATE_USED)
 
+static unsigned int qno = 0;
+static unsigned int msgqno = 0;
+static char qnostr[32];
+static const char *current_hint_str = NULL;
+
 /* common data for all hints. */
 struct Hint
 {
        const char                 *hint_str;           /* must not do pfree */
        const char                 *keyword;            /* must not do pfree */
+       HintKeyword                     hint_keyword;
        HintType                        type;
        HintStatus                      state;
        HintDeleteFunction      delete_func;
-       HintDumpFunction        dump_func;
+       HintDescFunction        desc_func;
        HintCmpFunction         cmp_func;
-       HintParseFunction       parser_func;
+       HintParseFunction       parse_func;
 };
 
 /* scan method hints */
@@ -168,24 +228,46 @@ typedef struct ScanMethodHint
        Hint                    base;
        char               *relname;
        List               *indexnames;
+       bool                    regexp;
        unsigned char   enforce_mask;
 } ScanMethodHint;
 
+typedef struct ParentIndexInfo
+{
+       bool            indisunique;
+       Oid                     method;
+       List       *column_names;
+       char       *expression_str;
+       Oid                *indcollation;
+       Oid                *opclass;
+       int16      *indoption;
+       char       *indpred_str;
+} ParentIndexInfo;
+
 /* join method hints */
 typedef struct JoinMethodHint
 {
        Hint                    base;
        int                             nrels;
+       int                             inner_nrels;
        char              **relnames;
        unsigned char   enforce_mask;
        Relids                  joinrelids;
+       Relids                  inner_joinrelids;
 } JoinMethodHint;
 
 /* join order hints */
+typedef struct OuterInnerRels
+{
+       char   *relation;
+       List   *outer_inner_pair;
+} OuterInnerRels;
+
 typedef struct LeadingHint
 {
-       Hint    base;
-       List   *relations;              /* relation names specified in Leading hint */
+       Hint                    base;
+       List               *relations;  /* relation names specified in Leading hint */
+       OuterInnerRels *outer_inner;
 } LeadingHint;
 
 /* change a run-time parameter hints */
@@ -194,8 +276,29 @@ typedef struct SetHint
        Hint    base;
        char   *name;                           /* name of variable */
        char   *value;
+       List   *words;
 } SetHint;
 
+/* rows hints */
+typedef enum RowsValueType {
+       RVT_ABSOLUTE,           /* Rows(... #1000) */
+       RVT_ADD,                        /* Rows(... +1000) */
+       RVT_SUB,                        /* Rows(... -1000) */
+       RVT_MULTI,                      /* Rows(... *1.2) */
+} RowsValueType;
+typedef struct RowsHint
+{
+       Hint                    base;
+       int                             nrels;
+       int                             inner_nrels;
+       char              **relnames;
+       Relids                  joinrelids;
+       Relids                  inner_joinrelids;
+       char               *rows_str;
+       RowsValueType   value_type;
+       double                  rows;
+} RowsHint;
+
 /*
  * Describes a context of hint processing.
  */
@@ -216,6 +319,8 @@ struct HintState
        int                             init_scan_mask;         /* initial value scan parameter */
        Index                   parent_relid;           /* inherit parent table relid */
        ScanMethodHint *parent_hint;            /* inherit parent table scan hint */
+       List               *parent_index_infos; /* information of inherit parent table's
+                                                                                * index */
 
        /* for join method hints */
        JoinMethodHint **join_hints;            /* parsed join hints */
@@ -223,11 +328,14 @@ struct HintState
        List              **join_hint_level;
 
        /* for Leading hint */
-       LeadingHint        *leading_hint;               /* parsed last specified Leading hint */
+       LeadingHint       **leading_hint;               /* parsed Leading hints */
 
        /* for Set hints */
        SetHint           **set_hints;                  /* parsed Set hints */
        GucContext              context;                        /* which GUC parameters can we set? */
+
+       /* for Rows hints */
+       RowsHint          **rows_hints;                 /* parsed Rows hints */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -237,6 +345,7 @@ typedef struct HintParser
 {
        char                       *keyword;
        HintCreateFunction      create_func;
+       HintKeyword                     hint_keyword;
 } HintParser;
 
 /* Module callbacks */
@@ -246,11 +355,7 @@ void               _PG_fini(void);
 static void push_hint(HintState *hstate);
 static void pop_hint(void);
 
-static void pg_hint_plan_ProcessUtility(Node *parsetree,
-                                                                               const char *queryString,
-                                                                               ParamListInfo params, bool isTopLevel,
-                                                                               DestReceiver *dest,
-                                                                               char *completionTag);
+static void pg_hint_plan_post_parse_analyze(ParseState *pstate, Query *query);
 static PlannedStmt *pg_hint_plan_planner(Query *parse, int cursorOptions,
                                                                                 ParamListInfo boundParams);
 static void pg_hint_plan_get_relation_info(PlannerInfo *root,
@@ -260,30 +365,48 @@ static RelOptInfo *pg_hint_plan_join_search(PlannerInfo *root,
                                                                                        int levels_needed,
                                                                                        List *initial_rels);
 
-static Hint *ScanMethodHintCreate(const char *hint_str, const char *keyword);
+static Hint *ScanMethodHintCreate(const char *hint_str, const char *keyword,
+                                                                 HintKeyword hint_keyword);
 static void ScanMethodHintDelete(ScanMethodHint *hint);
-static void ScanMethodHintDump(ScanMethodHint *hint, StringInfo buf);
+static void ScanMethodHintDesc(ScanMethodHint *hint, StringInfo buf, bool nolf);
 static int ScanMethodHintCmp(const ScanMethodHint *a, const ScanMethodHint *b);
 static const char *ScanMethodHintParse(ScanMethodHint *hint, HintState *hstate,
                                                                           Query *parse, const char *str);
-static Hint *JoinMethodHintCreate(const char *hint_str, const char *keyword);
+static Hint *JoinMethodHintCreate(const char *hint_str, const char *keyword,
+                                                                 HintKeyword hint_keyword);
 static void JoinMethodHintDelete(JoinMethodHint *hint);
-static void JoinMethodHintDump(JoinMethodHint *hint, StringInfo buf);
+static void JoinMethodHintDesc(JoinMethodHint *hint, StringInfo buf, bool nolf);
 static int JoinMethodHintCmp(const JoinMethodHint *a, const JoinMethodHint *b);
 static const char *JoinMethodHintParse(JoinMethodHint *hint, HintState *hstate,
                                                                           Query *parse, const char *str);
-static Hint *LeadingHintCreate(const char *hint_str, const char *keyword);
+static Hint *LeadingHintCreate(const char *hint_str, const char *keyword,
+                                                          HintKeyword hint_keyword);
 static void LeadingHintDelete(LeadingHint *hint);
-static void LeadingHintDump(LeadingHint *hint, StringInfo buf);
+static void LeadingHintDesc(LeadingHint *hint, StringInfo buf, bool nolf);
 static int LeadingHintCmp(const LeadingHint *a, const LeadingHint *b);
 static const char *LeadingHintParse(LeadingHint *hint, HintState *hstate,
                                                                        Query *parse, const char *str);
-static Hint *SetHintCreate(const char *hint_str, const char *keyword);
+static Hint *SetHintCreate(const char *hint_str, const char *keyword,
+                                                  HintKeyword hint_keyword);
 static void SetHintDelete(SetHint *hint);
-static void SetHintDump(SetHint *hint, StringInfo buf);
+static void SetHintDesc(SetHint *hint, StringInfo buf, bool nolf);
 static int SetHintCmp(const SetHint *a, const SetHint *b);
 static const char *SetHintParse(SetHint *hint, HintState *hstate, Query *parse,
                                                                const char *str);
+static Hint *RowsHintCreate(const char *hint_str, const char *keyword,
+                                                       HintKeyword hint_keyword);
+static void RowsHintDelete(RowsHint *hint);
+static void RowsHintDesc(RowsHint *hint, StringInfo buf, bool nolf);
+static int RowsHintCmp(const RowsHint *a, const RowsHint *b);
+static const char *RowsHintParse(RowsHint *hint, HintState *hstate,
+                                                                Query *parse, const char *str);
+static Hint *LeadingHintCreate(const char *hint_str, const char *keyword,
+                                                          HintKeyword hint_keyword);
+
+static void quote_value(StringInfo buf, const char *value);
+
+static const char *parse_quoted_value(const char *str, char **word,
+                                                                         bool truncate);
 
 RelOptInfo *pg_hint_plan_standard_join_search(PlannerInfo *root,
                                                                                          int levels_needed,
@@ -297,22 +420,35 @@ static void make_rels_by_clauseless_joins(PlannerInfo *root,
 static bool has_join_restriction(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel);
 static void set_append_rel_pathlist(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
                                                                        Index rti, RangeTblEntry *rte);
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 90200
 static void generate_mergeappend_paths(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
                                                   List *live_childrels,
                                                   List *all_child_pathkeys);
-#endif
+static Path *get_cheapest_parameterized_child_path(PlannerInfo *root,
+                                                                         RelOptInfo *rel,
+                                                                         Relids required_outer);
 static List *accumulate_append_subpath(List *subpaths, Path *path);
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM < 90200
-static void set_dummy_rel_pathlist(RelOptInfo *rel);
-#endif
 RelOptInfo *pg_hint_plan_make_join_rel(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel1,
                                                                           RelOptInfo *rel2);
 
+static void pg_hint_plan_plpgsql_stmt_beg(PLpgSQL_execstate *estate,
+                                                                                 PLpgSQL_stmt *stmt);
+static void pg_hint_plan_plpgsql_stmt_end(PLpgSQL_execstate *estate,
+                                                                                 PLpgSQL_stmt *stmt);
+static void plpgsql_query_erase_callback(ResourceReleasePhase phase,
+                                                                                bool isCommit,
+                                                                                bool isTopLevel,
+                                                                                void *arg);
+
 /* GUC variables */
-static bool    pg_hint_plan_enable = true;
-static bool    pg_hint_plan_debug_print = false;
-static int     pg_hint_plan_parse_messages = INFO;
+static bool    pg_hint_plan_enable_hint = true;
+static int debug_level = 0;
+static int     pg_hint_plan_message_level = INFO;
+/* Default is off, to keep backward compatibility. */
+static bool    pg_hint_plan_enable_hint_table = false;
+
+static int plpgsql_recurse_level = 0;          /* PLpgSQL recursion level            */
+static int hint_inhibit_level = 0;                     /* Inhibit hinting if this is above 0 */
+                                                                                       /* (This could not be above 1)        */
 
 static const struct config_enum_entry parse_messages_level_options[] = {
        {"debug", DEBUG2, true},
@@ -333,46 +469,79 @@ static const struct config_enum_entry parse_messages_level_options[] = {
        {NULL, 0, false}
 };
 
+static const struct config_enum_entry parse_debug_level_options[] = {
+       {"off", 0, false},
+       {"on", 1, false},
+       {"detailed", 2, false},
+       {"verbose", 3, false},
+       {"0", 0, true},
+       {"1", 1, true},
+       {"2", 2, true},
+       {"3", 3, true},
+       {"no", 0, true},
+       {"yes", 1, true},
+       {"false", 0, true},
+       {"true", 1, true},
+       {NULL, 0, false}
+};
+
 /* Saved hook values in case of unload */
-static ProcessUtility_hook_type prev_ProcessUtility = NULL;
+static post_parse_analyze_hook_type prev_post_parse_analyze_hook = NULL;
 static planner_hook_type prev_planner = NULL;
 static get_relation_info_hook_type prev_get_relation_info = NULL;
 static join_search_hook_type prev_join_search = NULL;
 
-/* フック関数をまたがって使用する情報を管理する */
+/* Hold reference to currently active hint */
 static HintState *current_hint = NULL;
 
-/* 有効なヒントをスタック構造で管理する */
+/*
+ * List of hint contexts.  We treat the head of the list as the Top of the
+ * context stack, so current_hint always points the first element of this list.
+ */
 static List *HintStateStack = NIL;
 
 /*
- * EXECUTEコマンド実行時に、ステートメント名を格納する。
- * その他のコマンドの場合は、NULLに設定する。
+ * Holds statement name during executing EXECUTE command.  NULL for other
+ * statements.
  */
 static char       *stmt_name = NULL;
 
 static const HintParser parsers[] = {
-       {HINT_SEQSCAN, ScanMethodHintCreate},
-       {HINT_INDEXSCAN, ScanMethodHintCreate},
-       {HINT_BITMAPSCAN, ScanMethodHintCreate},
-       {HINT_TIDSCAN, ScanMethodHintCreate},
-       {HINT_NOSEQSCAN, ScanMethodHintCreate},
-       {HINT_NOINDEXSCAN, ScanMethodHintCreate},
-       {HINT_NOBITMAPSCAN, ScanMethodHintCreate},
-       {HINT_NOTIDSCAN, ScanMethodHintCreate},
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 90200
-       {HINT_INDEXONLYSCAN, ScanMethodHintCreate},
-       {HINT_NOINDEXONLYSCAN, ScanMethodHintCreate},
-#endif
-       {HINT_NESTLOOP, JoinMethodHintCreate},
-       {HINT_MERGEJOIN, JoinMethodHintCreate},
-       {HINT_HASHJOIN, JoinMethodHintCreate},
-       {HINT_NONESTLOOP, JoinMethodHintCreate},
-       {HINT_NOMERGEJOIN, JoinMethodHintCreate},
-       {HINT_NOHASHJOIN, JoinMethodHintCreate},
-       {HINT_LEADING, LeadingHintCreate},
-       {HINT_SET, SetHintCreate},
-       {NULL, NULL}
+       {HINT_SEQSCAN, ScanMethodHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_SEQSCAN},
+       {HINT_INDEXSCAN, ScanMethodHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXSCAN},
+       {HINT_INDEXSCANREGEXP, ScanMethodHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXSCANREGEXP},
+       {HINT_BITMAPSCAN, ScanMethodHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_BITMAPSCAN},
+       {HINT_BITMAPSCANREGEXP, ScanMethodHintCreate,
+        HINT_KEYWORD_BITMAPSCANREGEXP},
+       {HINT_TIDSCAN, ScanMethodHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_TIDSCAN},
+       {HINT_NOSEQSCAN, ScanMethodHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_NOSEQSCAN},
+       {HINT_NOINDEXSCAN, ScanMethodHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_NOINDEXSCAN},
+       {HINT_NOBITMAPSCAN, ScanMethodHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_NOBITMAPSCAN},
+       {HINT_NOTIDSCAN, ScanMethodHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_NOTIDSCAN},
+       {HINT_INDEXONLYSCAN, ScanMethodHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXONLYSCAN},
+       {HINT_INDEXONLYSCANREGEXP, ScanMethodHintCreate,
+        HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXONLYSCANREGEXP},
+       {HINT_NOINDEXONLYSCAN, ScanMethodHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_NOINDEXONLYSCAN},
+       {HINT_NESTLOOP, JoinMethodHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_NESTLOOP},
+       {HINT_MERGEJOIN, JoinMethodHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_MERGEJOIN},
+       {HINT_HASHJOIN, JoinMethodHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_HASHJOIN},
+       {HINT_NONESTLOOP, JoinMethodHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_NONESTLOOP},
+       {HINT_NOMERGEJOIN, JoinMethodHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_NOMERGEJOIN},
+       {HINT_NOHASHJOIN, JoinMethodHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_NOHASHJOIN},
+       {HINT_LEADING, LeadingHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_LEADING},
+       {HINT_SET, SetHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_SET},
+       {HINT_ROWS, RowsHintCreate, HINT_KEYWORD_ROWS},
+       {NULL, NULL, HINT_KEYWORD_UNRECOGNIZED}
+};
+
+PLpgSQL_plugin  plugin_funcs = {
+       NULL,
+       NULL,
+       NULL,
+       pg_hint_plan_plpgsql_stmt_beg,
+       pg_hint_plan_plpgsql_stmt_end,
+       NULL,
+       NULL,
 };
 
 /*
@@ -381,23 +550,26 @@ static const HintParser parsers[] = {
 void
 _PG_init(void)
 {
+       PLpgSQL_plugin  **var_ptr;
+
        /* Define custom GUC variables. */
-       DefineCustomBoolVariable("pg_hint_plan.enable",
+       DefineCustomBoolVariable("pg_hint_plan.enable_hint",
                         "Force planner to use plans specified in the hint comment preceding to the query.",
                                                         NULL,
-                                                        &pg_hint_plan_enable,
+                                                        &pg_hint_plan_enable_hint,
                                                         true,
-                                                        PGC_USERSET,
+                                                    PGC_USERSET,
                                                         0,
                                                         NULL,
                                                         NULL,
                                                         NULL);
 
-       DefineCustomBoolVariable("pg_hint_plan.debug_print",
+       DefineCustomEnumVariable("pg_hint_plan.debug_print",
                                                         "Logs results of hint parsing.",
                                                         NULL,
-                                                        &pg_hint_plan_debug_print,
+                                                        &debug_level,
                                                         false,
+                                                        parse_debug_level_options,
                                                         PGC_USERSET,
                                                         0,
                                                         NULL,
@@ -405,9 +577,21 @@ _PG_init(void)
                                                         NULL);
 
        DefineCustomEnumVariable("pg_hint_plan.parse_messages",
-                                                        "Messege level of parse errors.",
+                                                        "Message level of parse errors.",
+                                                        NULL,
+                                                        &pg_hint_plan_message_level,
+                                                        INFO,
+                                                        parse_messages_level_options,
+                                                        PGC_USERSET,
+                                                        0,
+                                                        NULL,
+                                                        NULL,
+                                                        NULL);
+
+       DefineCustomEnumVariable("pg_hint_plan.message_level",
+                                                        "Message level of debug messages.",
                                                         NULL,
-                                                        &pg_hint_plan_parse_messages,
+                                                        &pg_hint_plan_message_level,
                                                         INFO,
                                                         parse_messages_level_options,
                                                         PGC_USERSET,
@@ -416,15 +600,32 @@ _PG_init(void)
                                                         NULL,
                                                         NULL);
 
+       DefineCustomBoolVariable("pg_hint_plan.enable_hint_table",
+                                        "Force planner to not get hint by using table lookups.",
+                                                        NULL,
+                                                        &pg_hint_plan_enable_hint_table,
+                                                        false,
+                                                        PGC_USERSET,
+                                                        0,
+                                                        NULL,
+                                                        NULL,
+                                                        NULL);
+
        /* Install hooks. */
-       prev_ProcessUtility = ProcessUtility_hook;
-       ProcessUtility_hook = pg_hint_plan_ProcessUtility;
+       prev_post_parse_analyze_hook = post_parse_analyze_hook;
+       post_parse_analyze_hook = pg_hint_plan_post_parse_analyze;
        prev_planner = planner_hook;
        planner_hook = pg_hint_plan_planner;
        prev_get_relation_info = get_relation_info_hook;
        get_relation_info_hook = pg_hint_plan_get_relation_info;
        prev_join_search = join_search_hook;
        join_search_hook = pg_hint_plan_join_search;
+
+       /* setup PL/pgSQL plugin hook */
+       var_ptr = (PLpgSQL_plugin **) find_rendezvous_variable("PLpgSQL_plugin");
+       *var_ptr = &plugin_funcs;
+
+       RegisterResourceReleaseCallback(plpgsql_query_erase_callback, NULL);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -434,11 +635,17 @@ _PG_init(void)
 void
 _PG_fini(void)
 {
+       PLpgSQL_plugin  **var_ptr;
+
        /* Uninstall hooks. */
-       ProcessUtility_hook = prev_ProcessUtility;
+       post_parse_analyze_hook = prev_post_parse_analyze_hook;
        planner_hook = prev_planner;
        get_relation_info_hook = prev_get_relation_info;
        join_search_hook = prev_join_search;
+
+       /* uninstall PL/pgSQL plugin hook */
+       var_ptr = (PLpgSQL_plugin **) find_rendezvous_variable("PLpgSQL_plugin");
+       *var_ptr = NULL;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -446,21 +653,24 @@ _PG_fini(void)
  */
 
 static Hint *
-ScanMethodHintCreate(const char *hint_str, const char *keyword)
+ScanMethodHintCreate(const char *hint_str, const char *keyword,
+                                        HintKeyword hint_keyword)
 {
        ScanMethodHint *hint;
 
        hint = palloc(sizeof(ScanMethodHint));
        hint->base.hint_str = hint_str;
        hint->base.keyword = keyword;
+       hint->base.hint_keyword = hint_keyword;
        hint->base.type = HINT_TYPE_SCAN_METHOD;
        hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_NOTUSED;
        hint->base.delete_func = (HintDeleteFunction) ScanMethodHintDelete;
-       hint->base.dump_func = (HintDumpFunction) ScanMethodHintDump;
+       hint->base.desc_func = (HintDescFunction) ScanMethodHintDesc;
        hint->base.cmp_func = (HintCmpFunction) ScanMethodHintCmp;
-       hint->base.parser_func = (HintParseFunction) ScanMethodHintParse;
+       hint->base.parse_func = (HintParseFunction) ScanMethodHintParse;
        hint->relname = NULL;
        hint->indexnames = NIL;
+       hint->regexp = false;
        hint->enforce_mask = 0;
 
        return (Hint *) hint;
@@ -479,23 +689,27 @@ ScanMethodHintDelete(ScanMethodHint *hint)
 }
 
 static Hint *
-JoinMethodHintCreate(const char *hint_str, const char *keyword)
+JoinMethodHintCreate(const char *hint_str, const char *keyword,
+                                        HintKeyword hint_keyword)
 {
        JoinMethodHint *hint;
 
        hint = palloc(sizeof(JoinMethodHint));
        hint->base.hint_str = hint_str;
        hint->base.keyword = keyword;
+       hint->base.hint_keyword = hint_keyword;
        hint->base.type = HINT_TYPE_JOIN_METHOD;
        hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_NOTUSED;
        hint->base.delete_func = (HintDeleteFunction) JoinMethodHintDelete;
-       hint->base.dump_func = (HintDumpFunction) JoinMethodHintDump;
+       hint->base.desc_func = (HintDescFunction) JoinMethodHintDesc;
        hint->base.cmp_func = (HintCmpFunction) JoinMethodHintCmp;
-       hint->base.parser_func = (HintParseFunction) JoinMethodHintParse;
+       hint->base.parse_func = (HintParseFunction) JoinMethodHintParse;
        hint->nrels = 0;
+       hint->inner_nrels = 0;
        hint->relnames = NULL;
        hint->enforce_mask = 0;
        hint->joinrelids = NULL;
+       hint->inner_joinrelids = NULL;
 
        return (Hint *) hint;
 }
@@ -514,25 +728,30 @@ JoinMethodHintDelete(JoinMethodHint *hint)
                        pfree(hint->relnames[i]);
                pfree(hint->relnames);
        }
+
        bms_free(hint->joinrelids);
+       bms_free(hint->inner_joinrelids);
        pfree(hint);
 }
 
 static Hint *
-LeadingHintCreate(const char *hint_str, const char *keyword)
+LeadingHintCreate(const char *hint_str, const char *keyword,
+                                 HintKeyword hint_keyword)
 {
        LeadingHint        *hint;
 
        hint = palloc(sizeof(LeadingHint));
        hint->base.hint_str = hint_str;
        hint->base.keyword = keyword;
+       hint->base.hint_keyword = hint_keyword;
        hint->base.type = HINT_TYPE_LEADING;
        hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_NOTUSED;
        hint->base.delete_func = (HintDeleteFunction)LeadingHintDelete;
-       hint->base.dump_func = (HintDumpFunction) LeadingHintDump;
+       hint->base.desc_func = (HintDescFunction) LeadingHintDesc;
        hint->base.cmp_func = (HintCmpFunction) LeadingHintCmp;
-       hint->base.parser_func = (HintParseFunction) LeadingHintParse;
+       hint->base.parse_func = (HintParseFunction) LeadingHintParse;
        hint->relations = NIL;
+       hint->outer_inner = NULL;
 
        return (Hint *) hint;
 }
@@ -544,25 +763,30 @@ LeadingHintDelete(LeadingHint *hint)
                return;
 
        list_free_deep(hint->relations);
+       if (hint->outer_inner)
+               pfree(hint->outer_inner);
        pfree(hint);
 }
 
 static Hint *
-SetHintCreate(const char *hint_str, const char *keyword)
+SetHintCreate(const char *hint_str, const char *keyword,
+                         HintKeyword hint_keyword)
 {
        SetHint    *hint;
 
        hint = palloc(sizeof(SetHint));
        hint->base.hint_str = hint_str;
        hint->base.keyword = keyword;
+       hint->base.hint_keyword = hint_keyword;
        hint->base.type = HINT_TYPE_SET;
        hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_NOTUSED;
        hint->base.delete_func = (HintDeleteFunction) SetHintDelete;
-       hint->base.dump_func = (HintDumpFunction) SetHintDump;
+       hint->base.desc_func = (HintDescFunction) SetHintDesc;
        hint->base.cmp_func = (HintCmpFunction) SetHintCmp;
-       hint->base.parser_func = (HintParseFunction) SetHintParse;
+       hint->base.parse_func = (HintParseFunction) SetHintParse;
        hint->name = NULL;
        hint->value = NULL;
+       hint->words = NIL;
 
        return (Hint *) hint;
 }
@@ -577,6 +801,56 @@ SetHintDelete(SetHint *hint)
                pfree(hint->name);
        if (hint->value)
                pfree(hint->value);
+       if (hint->words)
+               list_free(hint->words);
+       pfree(hint);
+}
+
+static Hint *
+RowsHintCreate(const char *hint_str, const char *keyword,
+                          HintKeyword hint_keyword)
+{
+       RowsHint *hint;
+
+       hint = palloc(sizeof(RowsHint));
+       hint->base.hint_str = hint_str;
+       hint->base.keyword = keyword;
+       hint->base.hint_keyword = hint_keyword;
+       hint->base.type = HINT_TYPE_ROWS;
+       hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_NOTUSED;
+       hint->base.delete_func = (HintDeleteFunction) RowsHintDelete;
+       hint->base.desc_func = (HintDescFunction) RowsHintDesc;
+       hint->base.cmp_func = (HintCmpFunction) RowsHintCmp;
+       hint->base.parse_func = (HintParseFunction) RowsHintParse;
+       hint->nrels = 0;
+       hint->inner_nrels = 0;
+       hint->relnames = NULL;
+       hint->joinrelids = NULL;
+       hint->inner_joinrelids = NULL;
+       hint->rows_str = NULL;
+       hint->value_type = RVT_ABSOLUTE;
+       hint->rows = 0;
+
+       return (Hint *) hint;
+}
+
+static void
+RowsHintDelete(RowsHint *hint)
+{
+       if (!hint)
+               return;
+
+       if (hint->relnames)
+       {
+               int     i;
+
+               for (i = 0; i < hint->nrels; i++)
+                       pfree(hint->relnames[i]);
+               pfree(hint->relnames);
+       }
+
+       bms_free(hint->joinrelids);
+       bms_free(hint->inner_joinrelids);
        pfree(hint);
 }
 
@@ -595,12 +869,14 @@ HintStateCreate(void)
        hstate->init_scan_mask = 0;
        hstate->parent_relid = 0;
        hstate->parent_hint = NULL;
+       hstate->parent_index_infos = NIL;
        hstate->join_hints = NULL;
        hstate->init_join_mask = 0;
        hstate->join_hint_level = NULL;
        hstate->leading_hint = NULL;
        hstate->context = superuser() ? PGC_SUSET : PGC_USERSET;
        hstate->set_hints = NULL;
+       hstate->rows_hints = NULL;
 
        return hstate;
 }
@@ -620,21 +896,22 @@ HintStateDelete(HintState *hstate)
                hstate->all_hints[i]->delete_func(hstate->all_hints[i]);
        if (hstate->all_hints)
                pfree(hstate->all_hints);
+       if (hstate->parent_index_infos)
+               list_free(hstate->parent_index_infos);
 }
 
 /*
- * dump functions
+ * Copy given value into buf, with quoting with '"' if necessary.
  */
-
 static void
-dump_quote_value(StringInfo buf, const char *value)
+quote_value(StringInfo buf, const char *value)
 {
        bool            need_quote = false;
        const char *str;
 
        for (str = value; *str != '\0'; str++)
        {
-               if (isspace(*str) || *str == ')' || *str == '"')
+               if (isspace(*str) || *str == '(' || *str == ')' || *str == '"')
                {
                        need_quote = true;
                        appendStringInfoCharMacro(buf, '"');
@@ -655,83 +932,174 @@ dump_quote_value(StringInfo buf, const char *value)
 }
 
 static void
-ScanMethodHintDump(ScanMethodHint *hint, StringInfo buf)
+ScanMethodHintDesc(ScanMethodHint *hint, StringInfo buf, bool nolf)
 {
        ListCell   *l;
 
        appendStringInfo(buf, "%s(", hint->base.keyword);
-       dump_quote_value(buf, hint->relname);
-       foreach(l, hint->indexnames)
+       if (hint->relname != NULL)
        {
-               appendStringInfoCharMacro(buf, ' ');
-               dump_quote_value(buf, (char *) lfirst(l));
+               quote_value(buf, hint->relname);
+               foreach(l, hint->indexnames)
+               {
+                       appendStringInfoCharMacro(buf, ' ');
+                       quote_value(buf, (char *) lfirst(l));
+               }
        }
-       appendStringInfoString(buf, ")\n");
+       appendStringInfoString(buf, ")");
+       if (!nolf)
+               appendStringInfoChar(buf, '\n');
 }
 
 static void
-JoinMethodHintDump(JoinMethodHint *hint, StringInfo buf)
+JoinMethodHintDesc(JoinMethodHint *hint, StringInfo buf, bool nolf)
 {
        int     i;
 
        appendStringInfo(buf, "%s(", hint->base.keyword);
-       dump_quote_value(buf, hint->relnames[0]);
-       for (i = 1; i < hint->nrels; i++)
+       if (hint->relnames != NULL)
+       {
+               quote_value(buf, hint->relnames[0]);
+               for (i = 1; i < hint->nrels; i++)
+               {
+                       appendStringInfoCharMacro(buf, ' ');
+                       quote_value(buf, hint->relnames[i]);
+               }
+       }
+       appendStringInfoString(buf, ")");
+       if (!nolf)
+               appendStringInfoChar(buf, '\n');
+}
+
+static void
+OuterInnerDesc(OuterInnerRels *outer_inner, StringInfo buf)
+{
+       if (outer_inner->relation == NULL)
+       {
+               bool            is_first;
+               ListCell   *l;
+
+               is_first = true;
+
+               appendStringInfoCharMacro(buf, '(');
+               foreach(l, outer_inner->outer_inner_pair)
+               {
+                       if (is_first)
+                               is_first = false;
+                       else
+                               appendStringInfoCharMacro(buf, ' ');
+
+                       OuterInnerDesc(lfirst(l), buf);
+               }
+
+               appendStringInfoCharMacro(buf, ')');
+       }
+       else
+               quote_value(buf, outer_inner->relation);
+}
+
+static void
+LeadingHintDesc(LeadingHint *hint, StringInfo buf, bool nolf)
+{
+       appendStringInfo(buf, "%s(", HINT_LEADING);
+       if (hint->outer_inner == NULL)
        {
-               appendStringInfoCharMacro(buf, ' ');
-               dump_quote_value(buf, hint->relnames[i]);
+               ListCell   *l;
+               bool            is_first;
+
+               is_first = true;
+
+               foreach(l, hint->relations)
+               {
+                       if (is_first)
+                               is_first = false;
+                       else
+                               appendStringInfoCharMacro(buf, ' ');
+
+                       quote_value(buf, (char *) lfirst(l));
+               }
        }
-       appendStringInfoString(buf, ")\n");
+       else
+               OuterInnerDesc(hint->outer_inner, buf);
 
+       appendStringInfoString(buf, ")");
+       if (!nolf)
+               appendStringInfoChar(buf, '\n');
 }
 
 static void
-LeadingHintDump(LeadingHint *hint, StringInfo buf)
+SetHintDesc(SetHint *hint, StringInfo buf, bool nolf)
 {
-       bool            is_first;
+       bool            is_first = true;
        ListCell   *l;
 
-       appendStringInfo(buf, "%s(", HINT_LEADING);
-       is_first = true;
-       foreach(l, hint->relations)
+       appendStringInfo(buf, "%s(", HINT_SET);
+       foreach(l, hint->words)
        {
                if (is_first)
                        is_first = false;
                else
                        appendStringInfoCharMacro(buf, ' ');
 
-               dump_quote_value(buf, (char *) lfirst(l));
+               quote_value(buf, (char *) lfirst(l));
        }
-
-       appendStringInfoString(buf, ")\n");
+       appendStringInfo(buf, ")");
+       if (!nolf)
+               appendStringInfoChar(buf, '\n');
 }
 
 static void
-SetHintDump(SetHint *hint, StringInfo buf)
+RowsHintDesc(RowsHint *hint, StringInfo buf, bool nolf)
 {
-       appendStringInfo(buf, "%s(", HINT_SET);
-       dump_quote_value(buf, hint->name);
-       appendStringInfoCharMacro(buf, ' ');
-       dump_quote_value(buf, hint->value);
-       appendStringInfo(buf, ")\n");
+       int     i;
+
+       appendStringInfo(buf, "%s(", hint->base.keyword);
+       if (hint->relnames != NULL)
+       {
+               quote_value(buf, hint->relnames[0]);
+               for (i = 1; i < hint->nrels; i++)
+               {
+                       appendStringInfoCharMacro(buf, ' ');
+                       quote_value(buf, hint->relnames[i]);
+               }
+       }
+       appendStringInfo(buf, " %s", hint->rows_str);
+       appendStringInfoString(buf, ")");
+       if (!nolf)
+               appendStringInfoChar(buf, '\n');
 }
 
+/*
+ * Append string which represents all hints in a given state to buf, with
+ * preceding title with them.
+ */
 static void
-all_hint_dump(HintState *hstate, StringInfo buf, const char *title,
-                         HintStatus state)
+desc_hint_in_state(HintState *hstate, StringInfo buf, const char *title,
+                                  HintStatus state, bool nolf)
 {
-       int     i;
+       int     i, nshown;
+
+       appendStringInfo(buf, "%s:", title);
+       if (!nolf)
+               appendStringInfoChar(buf, '\n');
 
-       appendStringInfo(buf, "%s:\n", title);
+       nshown = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < hstate->nall_hints; i++)
        {
                if (hstate->all_hints[i]->state != state)
                        continue;
 
-               hstate->all_hints[i]->dump_func(hstate->all_hints[i], buf);
+               hstate->all_hints[i]->desc_func(hstate->all_hints[i], buf, nolf);
+               nshown++;
        }
+
+       if (nolf && nshown == 0)
+               appendStringInfoString(buf, "(none)");
 }
 
+/*
+ * Dump contents of given hstate to server log with log level LOG.
+ */
 static void
 HintStateDump(HintState *hstate)
 {
@@ -746,16 +1114,43 @@ HintStateDump(HintState *hstate)
        initStringInfo(&buf);
 
        appendStringInfoString(&buf, "pg_hint_plan:\n");
-       all_hint_dump(hstate, &buf, "used hint", HINT_STATE_USED);
-       all_hint_dump(hstate, &buf, "not used hint", HINT_STATE_NOTUSED);
-       all_hint_dump(hstate, &buf, "duplication hint", HINT_STATE_DUPLICATION);
-       all_hint_dump(hstate, &buf, "error hint", HINT_STATE_ERROR);
+       desc_hint_in_state(hstate, &buf, "used hint", HINT_STATE_USED, false);
+       desc_hint_in_state(hstate, &buf, "not used hint", HINT_STATE_NOTUSED, false);
+       desc_hint_in_state(hstate, &buf, "duplication hint", HINT_STATE_DUPLICATION, false);
+       desc_hint_in_state(hstate, &buf, "error hint", HINT_STATE_ERROR, false);
 
        elog(LOG, "%s", buf.data);
 
        pfree(buf.data);
 }
 
+static void
+HintStateDump2(HintState *hstate)
+{
+       StringInfoData  buf;
+
+       if (!hstate)
+       {
+               elog(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
+                        "pg_hint_plan%s: HintStateDump: no hint", qnostr);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       initStringInfo(&buf);
+       appendStringInfo(&buf, "pg_hint_plan%s: HintStateDump: ", qnostr);
+       desc_hint_in_state(hstate, &buf, "{used hints", HINT_STATE_USED, true);
+       desc_hint_in_state(hstate, &buf, "}, {not used hints", HINT_STATE_NOTUSED, true);
+       desc_hint_in_state(hstate, &buf, "}, {duplicate hints", HINT_STATE_DUPLICATION, true);
+       desc_hint_in_state(hstate, &buf, "}, {error hints", HINT_STATE_ERROR, true);
+       appendStringInfoChar(&buf, '}');
+
+       ereport(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
+                       (errmsg("%s", buf.data),
+                        errhidestmt(true)));
+
+       pfree(buf.data);
+}
+
 /*
  * compare functions
  */
@@ -806,6 +1201,24 @@ SetHintCmp(const SetHint *a, const SetHint *b)
 }
 
 static int
+RowsHintCmp(const RowsHint *a, const RowsHint *b)
+{
+       int     i;
+
+       if (a->nrels != b->nrels)
+               return a->nrels - b->nrels;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < a->nrels; i++)
+       {
+               int     result;
+               if ((result = RelnameCmp(&a->relnames[i], &b->relnames[i])) != 0)
+                       return result;
+       }
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int
 HintCmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
        const Hint *hinta = *((const Hint **) a);
@@ -813,11 +1226,17 @@ HintCmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 
        if (hinta->type != hintb->type)
                return hinta->type - hintb->type;
-
+       if (hinta->state == HINT_STATE_ERROR)
+               return -1;
+       if (hintb->state == HINT_STATE_ERROR)
+               return 1;
        return hinta->cmp_func(hinta, hintb);
 }
 
-/* ヒント句で指定した順を返す */
+/*
+ * Returns byte offset of hint b from hint a.  If hint a was specified before
+ * b, positive value is returned.
+ */
 static int
 HintCmpWithPos(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
@@ -835,7 +1254,6 @@ HintCmpWithPos(const void *a, const void *b)
 /*
  * parse functions
  */
-
 static const char *
 parse_keyword(const char *str, StringInfo buf)
 {
@@ -848,29 +1266,17 @@ parse_keyword(const char *str, StringInfo buf)
 }
 
 static const char *
-skip_opened_parenthesis(const char *str)
+skip_parenthesis(const char *str, char parenthesis)
 {
        skip_space(str);
 
-       if (*str != '(')
+       if (*str != parenthesis)
        {
-               parse_ereport(str, ("Opening parenthesis is necessary."));
-               return NULL;
-       }
-
-       str++;
-
-       return str;
-}
+               if (parenthesis == '(')
+                       hint_ereport(str, ("Opening parenthesis is necessary."));
+               else if (parenthesis == ')')
+                       hint_ereport(str, ("Closing parenthesis is necessary."));
 
-static const char *
-skip_closed_parenthesis(const char *str)
-{
-       skip_space(str);
-
-       if (*str != ')')
-       {
-               parse_ereport(str, ("Closing parenthesis is necessary."));
                return NULL;
        }
 
@@ -880,20 +1286,19 @@ skip_closed_parenthesis(const char *str)
 }
 
 /*
- * 二重引用符で囲まれているかもしれないトークンを読み取り word 引数に palloc
- * で確保したバッファに格納してそのポインタを返す。
+ * Parse a token from str, and store malloc'd copy into word.  A token can be
+ * quoted with '"'.  Return value is pointer to unparsed portion of original
+ * string, or NULL if an error occurred.
  *
- * 正常にパースできた場合は残りの文字列の先頭位置を、異常があった場合は NULL を
- * 返す。
- * truncateがtrueの場合は、NAMEDATALENに切り詰める。
+ * Parsed token is truncated within NAMEDATALEN-1 bytes, when truncate is true.
  */
 static const char *
-parse_quote_value(const char *str, char **word, char *value_type, bool truncate)
+parse_quoted_value(const char *str, char **word, bool truncate)
 {
        StringInfoData  buf;
        bool                    in_quote;
 
-       /* 先頭のスペースは読み飛ばす。 */
+       /* Skip leading spaces. */
        skip_space(str);
 
        initStringInfo(&buf);
@@ -909,20 +1314,23 @@ parse_quote_value(const char *str, char **word, char *value_type, bool truncate)
        {
                if (in_quote)
                {
-                       /* 二重引用符が閉じられていない場合はパース中断 */
+                       /* Double quotation must be closed. */
                        if (*str == '\0')
                        {
                                pfree(buf.data);
-                               parse_ereport(str, ("Unterminated quoted %s.", value_type));
+                               hint_ereport(str, ("Unterminated quoted string."));
                                return NULL;
                        }
 
                        /*
-                        * エスケープ対象のダブルクウォートをスキップする。
-                        * もしブロックコメントの開始文字列や終了文字列もオブジェクト名とし
-                        * て使用したい場合は、/ と * もエスケープ対象とすることで使用できる
-                        * が、処理対象としていない。もしテーブル名にこれらの文字が含まれる
-                        * 場合は、エイリアスを指定する必要がある。
+                        * Skip escaped double quotation.
+                        *
+                        * We don't allow slash-asterisk and asterisk-slash (delimiters of
+                        * block comments) to be an object name, so users must specify
+                        * alias for such object names.
+                        *
+                        * Those special names can be allowed if we care escaped slashes
+                        * and asterisks, but we don't.
                         */
                        if (*str == '"')
                        {
@@ -931,7 +1339,8 @@ parse_quote_value(const char *str, char **word, char *value_type, bool truncate)
                                        break;
                        }
                }
-               else if (isspace(*str) || *str == ')' || *str == '"' || *str == '\0')
+               else if (isspace(*str) || *str == '(' || *str == ')' || *str == '"' ||
+                                *str == '\0')
                        break;
 
                appendStringInfoCharMacro(&buf, *str++);
@@ -939,19 +1348,14 @@ parse_quote_value(const char *str, char **word, char *value_type, bool truncate)
 
        if (buf.len == 0)
        {
-               char   *type;
-
-               type = pstrdup(value_type);
-               type[0] = toupper(type[0]);
-               parse_ereport(str, ("%s is necessary.", type));
+               hint_ereport(str, ("Zero-length delimited string."));
 
                pfree(buf.data);
-               pfree(type);
 
                return NULL;
        }
 
-       /* Truncate name if it's overlength */
+       /* Truncate name if it's too long */
        if (truncate)
                truncate_identifier(buf.data, strlen(buf.data), true);
 
@@ -960,50 +1364,181 @@ parse_quote_value(const char *str, char **word, char *value_type, bool truncate)
        return str;
 }
 
-static void
-parse_hints(HintState *hstate, Query *parse, const char *str)
+static OuterInnerRels *
+OuterInnerRelsCreate(char *name, List *outer_inner_list)
 {
-       StringInfoData  buf;
-       char               *head;
+       OuterInnerRels *outer_inner;
 
-       initStringInfo(&buf);
-       while (*str != '\0')
-       {
-               const HintParser *parser;
+       outer_inner = palloc(sizeof(OuterInnerRels));
+       outer_inner->relation = name;
+       outer_inner->outer_inner_pair = outer_inner_list;
 
-               /* in error message, we output the comment including the keyword. */
-               head = (char *) str;
+       return outer_inner;
+}
 
-               /* parse only the keyword of the hint. */
-               resetStringInfo(&buf);
-               str = parse_keyword(str, &buf);
+static const char *
+parse_parentheses_Leading_in(const char *str, OuterInnerRels **outer_inner)
+{
+       List   *outer_inner_pair = NIL;
 
-               for (parser = parsers; parser->keyword != NULL; parser++)
+       if ((str = skip_parenthesis(str, '(')) == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       skip_space(str);
+
+       /* Store words in parentheses into outer_inner_list. */
+       while(*str != ')' && *str != '\0')
+       {
+               OuterInnerRels *outer_inner_rels;
+
+               if (*str == '(')
                {
-                       char   *keyword = parser->keyword;
-                       Hint   *hint;
+                       str = parse_parentheses_Leading_in(str, &outer_inner_rels);
+                       if (str == NULL)
+                               break;
+               }
+               else
+               {
+                       char   *name;
 
-                       if (strcasecmp(buf.data, keyword) != 0)
-                               continue;
+                       if ((str = parse_quoted_value(str, &name, true)) == NULL)
+                               break;
+                       else
+                               outer_inner_rels = OuterInnerRelsCreate(name, NIL);
+               }
 
-                       hint = parser->create_func(head, keyword);
+               outer_inner_pair = lappend(outer_inner_pair, outer_inner_rels);
+               skip_space(str);
+       }
 
-                       /* parser of each hint does parse in a parenthesis. */
-                       if ((str = skip_opened_parenthesis(str)) == NULL ||
-                               (str = hint->parser_func(hint, hstate, parse, str)) == NULL ||
-                               (str = skip_closed_parenthesis(str)) == NULL)
-                       {
-                               hint->delete_func(hint);
-                               pfree(buf.data);
-                               return;
-                       }
+       if (str == NULL ||
+               (str = skip_parenthesis(str, ')')) == NULL)
+       {
+               list_free(outer_inner_pair);
+               return NULL;
+       }
 
-                       /*
-                        * 出来上がったヒント情報を追加。スロットが足りない場合は二倍に拡張
-                        * する。
-                        */
-                       if (hstate->nall_hints == 0)
-                       {
+       *outer_inner = OuterInnerRelsCreate(NULL, outer_inner_pair);
+
+       return str;
+}
+
+static const char *
+parse_parentheses_Leading(const char *str, List **name_list,
+       OuterInnerRels **outer_inner)
+{
+       char   *name;
+       bool    truncate = true;
+
+       if ((str = skip_parenthesis(str, '(')) == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       skip_space(str);
+       if (*str =='(')
+       {
+               if ((str = parse_parentheses_Leading_in(str, outer_inner)) == NULL)
+                       return NULL;
+       }
+       else
+       {
+               /* Store words in parentheses into name_list. */
+               while(*str != ')' && *str != '\0')
+               {
+                       if ((str = parse_quoted_value(str, &name, truncate)) == NULL)
+                       {
+                               list_free(*name_list);
+                               return NULL;
+                       }
+
+                       *name_list = lappend(*name_list, name);
+                       skip_space(str);
+               }
+       }
+
+       if ((str = skip_parenthesis(str, ')')) == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+       return str;
+}
+
+static const char *
+parse_parentheses(const char *str, List **name_list, HintKeyword keyword)
+{
+       char   *name;
+       bool    truncate = true;
+
+       if ((str = skip_parenthesis(str, '(')) == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       skip_space(str);
+
+       /* Store words in parentheses into name_list. */
+       while(*str != ')' && *str != '\0')
+       {
+               if ((str = parse_quoted_value(str, &name, truncate)) == NULL)
+               {
+                       list_free(*name_list);
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+
+               *name_list = lappend(*name_list, name);
+               skip_space(str);
+
+               if (keyword == HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXSCANREGEXP ||
+                       keyword == HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXONLYSCANREGEXP ||
+                       keyword == HINT_KEYWORD_BITMAPSCANREGEXP ||
+                       keyword == HINT_KEYWORD_SET)
+               {
+                       truncate = false;
+               }
+       }
+
+       if ((str = skip_parenthesis(str, ')')) == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+       return str;
+}
+
+static void
+parse_hints(HintState *hstate, Query *parse, const char *str)
+{
+       StringInfoData  buf;
+       char               *head;
+
+       initStringInfo(&buf);
+       while (*str != '\0')
+       {
+               const HintParser *parser;
+
+               /* in error message, we output the comment including the keyword. */
+               head = (char *) str;
+
+               /* parse only the keyword of the hint. */
+               resetStringInfo(&buf);
+               str = parse_keyword(str, &buf);
+
+               for (parser = parsers; parser->keyword != NULL; parser++)
+               {
+                       char   *keyword = parser->keyword;
+                       Hint   *hint;
+
+                       if (strcasecmp(buf.data, keyword) != 0)
+                               continue;
+
+                       hint = parser->create_func(head, keyword, parser->hint_keyword);
+
+                       /* parser of each hint does parse in a parenthesis. */
+                       if ((str = hint->parse_func(hint, hstate, parse, str)) == NULL)
+                       {
+                               hint->delete_func(hint);
+                               pfree(buf.data);
+                               return;
+                       }
+
+                       /*
+                        * Add hint information into all_hints array.  If we don't have
+                        * enough space, double the array.
+                        */
+                       if (hstate->nall_hints == 0)
+                       {
                                hstate->max_all_hints = HINT_ARRAY_DEFAULT_INITSIZE;
                                hstate->all_hints = (Hint **)
                                        palloc(sizeof(Hint *) * hstate->max_all_hints);
@@ -1026,8 +1561,8 @@ parse_hints(HintState *hstate, Query *parse, const char *str)
 
                if (parser->keyword == NULL)
                {
-                       parse_ereport(head,
-                                                 ("Unrecognized hint keyword \"%s\".", buf.data));
+                       hint_ereport(head,
+                                                ("Unrecognized hint keyword \"%s\".", buf.data));
                        pfree(buf.data);
                        return;
                }
@@ -1036,39 +1571,220 @@ parse_hints(HintState *hstate, Query *parse, const char *str)
        pfree(buf.data);
 }
 
+
+/* 
+ * Get hints from table by client-supplied query string and application name.
+ */
+static const char *
+get_hints_from_table(const char *client_query, const char *client_application)
+{
+       const char *search_query =
+               "SELECT hints "
+               "  FROM hint_plan.hints "
+               " WHERE norm_query_string = $1 "
+               "   AND ( application_name = $2 "
+               "    OR application_name = '' ) "
+               " ORDER BY application_name DESC";
+       static SPIPlanPtr plan = NULL;
+       char   *hints = NULL;
+       Oid             argtypes[2] = { TEXTOID, TEXTOID };
+       Datum   values[2];
+       bool    nulls[2] = { false, false };
+       text   *qry;
+       text   *app;
+
+       PG_TRY();
+       {
+               bool snapshot_set = false;
+
+               hint_inhibit_level++;
+
+               if (!ActiveSnapshotSet())
+               {
+                       PushActiveSnapshot(GetTransactionSnapshot());
+                       snapshot_set = true;
+               }
+       
+               SPI_connect();
+       
+               if (plan == NULL)
+               {
+                       SPIPlanPtr      p;
+                       p = SPI_prepare(search_query, 2, argtypes);
+                       plan = SPI_saveplan(p);
+                       SPI_freeplan(p);
+               }
+       
+               qry = cstring_to_text(client_query);
+               app = cstring_to_text(client_application);
+               values[0] = PointerGetDatum(qry);
+               values[1] = PointerGetDatum(app);
+       
+               SPI_execute_plan(plan, values, nulls, true, 1);
+       
+               if (SPI_processed > 0)
+               {
+                       char    *buf;
+       
+                       hints = SPI_getvalue(SPI_tuptable->vals[0],
+                                                                SPI_tuptable->tupdesc, 1);
+                       /*
+                        * Here we use SPI_palloc to ensure that hints string is valid even
+                        * after SPI_finish call.  We can't use simple palloc because it
+                        * allocates memory in SPI's context and that context is deleted in
+                        * SPI_finish.
+                        */
+                       buf = SPI_palloc(strlen(hints) + 1);
+                       strcpy(buf, hints);
+                       hints = buf;
+               }
+       
+               SPI_finish();
+
+               if (snapshot_set)
+                       PopActiveSnapshot();
+
+               hint_inhibit_level--;
+       }
+       PG_CATCH();
+       {
+               hint_inhibit_level--;
+               PG_RE_THROW();
+       }
+       PG_END_TRY();
+
+       return hints;
+}
+
 /*
- * Do basic parsing of the query head comment.
+ * Get client-supplied query string. Addtion to that the jumbled query is
+ * supplied if the caller requested. From the restriction of JumbleQuery, some
+ * kind of query needs special amendments. Reutrns NULL if the current hint
+ * string is still valid.
  */
-static HintState *
-parse_head_comment(Query *parse)
+static const char *
+get_query_string(ParseState *pstate, Query *query, Query **jumblequery)
 {
-       const char *p;
-       char       *head;
-       char       *tail;
-       int                     len;
-       int                     i;
-       HintState   *hstate;
+       const char *p = debug_query_string;
+
+       if (jumblequery != NULL)
+               *jumblequery = query;
 
-       /* get client-supplied query string. */
-       if (stmt_name)
+       Assert(plpgsql_recurse_level == 0);
+
+       if (query->commandType == CMD_UTILITY)
        {
-               PreparedStatement  *entry;
+               Query *target_query = query;
+
+               /* Use the target query if EXPLAIN */
+               if (IsA(query->utilityStmt, ExplainStmt))
+               {
+                       ExplainStmt *stmt = (ExplainStmt *)(query->utilityStmt);
+                       Assert(IsA(stmt->query, Query));
+                       target_query = (Query *)stmt->query;
+
+                       if (target_query->commandType == CMD_UTILITY &&
+                               target_query->utilityStmt != NULL)
+                               target_query = (Query *)target_query->utilityStmt;
+
+                       if (jumblequery)
+                               *jumblequery = target_query;
+               }
+
+               if (IsA(target_query, CreateTableAsStmt))
+               {
+                       /*
+                        * Use the the body query for CREATE AS. The Query for jumble also
+                        * replaced with the corresponding one.
+                        */
+                       CreateTableAsStmt  *stmt = (CreateTableAsStmt *) target_query;
+                       PreparedStatement  *entry;
+                       Query                      *ent_query;
+
+                       Assert(IsA(stmt->query, Query));
+                       target_query = (Query *) stmt->query;
 
-               entry = FetchPreparedStatement(stmt_name, true);
-               p = entry->plansource->query_string;
+                       if (target_query->commandType == CMD_UTILITY &&
+                               IsA(target_query->utilityStmt, ExecuteStmt))
+                       {
+                               ExecuteStmt *estmt = (ExecuteStmt *) target_query->utilityStmt;
+                               entry = FetchPreparedStatement(estmt->name, true);
+                               p = entry->plansource->query_string;
+                               ent_query = (Query *) linitial (entry->plansource->query_list);
+                               Assert(IsA(ent_query, Query));
+                               if (jumblequery)
+                                       *jumblequery = ent_query;
+                       }
+               }
+               else
+               if (IsA(target_query, ExecuteStmt))
+               {
+                       /*
+                        * Use the prepared query for EXECUTE. The Query for jumble also
+                        * replaced with the corresponding one.
+                        */
+                       ExecuteStmt *stmt = (ExecuteStmt *)target_query;
+                       PreparedStatement  *entry;
+                       Query                      *ent_query;
+
+                       entry = FetchPreparedStatement(stmt->name, true);
+                       p = entry->plansource->query_string;
+                       ent_query = (Query *) linitial (entry->plansource->query_list);
+                       Assert(IsA(ent_query, Query));
+                       if (jumblequery)
+                               *jumblequery = ent_query;
+               }
        }
-       else
-               p = debug_query_string;
+       /* Return NULL if the pstate is not identical to the top-level query */
+       else if (strcmp(pstate->p_sourcetext, p) != 0)
+               p = NULL;
+
+       return p;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get hints from the head block comment in client-supplied query string.
+ */
+static const char *
+get_hints_from_comment(const char *p)
+{
+       const char *hint_head;
+       char       *head;
+       char       *tail;
+       int                     len;
 
        if (p == NULL)
                return NULL;
 
        /* extract query head comment. */
-       len = strlen(HINT_START);
-       skip_space(p);
-       if (strncmp(p, HINT_START, len))
+       hint_head = strstr(p, HINT_START);
+       if (hint_head == NULL)
                return NULL;
+       for (;p < hint_head; p++)
+       {
+               /*
+                * Allow these characters precedes hint comment:
+                *   - digits
+                *   - alphabets which are in ASCII range
+                *   - space, tabs and new-lines
+                *   - underscores, for identifier
+                *   - commas, for SELECT clause, EXPLAIN and PREPARE
+                *   - parentheses, for EXPLAIN and PREPARE
+                *
+                * Note that we don't use isalpha() nor isalnum() in ctype.h here to
+                * avoid behavior which depends on locale setting.
+                */
+               if (!(*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') &&
+                       !(*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') &&
+                       !(*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') &&
+                       !isspace(*p) &&
+                       *p != '_' &&
+                       *p != ',' &&
+                       *p != '(' && *p != ')')
+                       return NULL;
+       }
 
+       len = strlen(HINT_START);
        head = (char *) p;
        p += len;
        skip_space(p);
@@ -1076,26 +1792,43 @@ parse_head_comment(Query *parse)
        /* find hint end keyword. */
        if ((tail = strstr(p, HINT_END)) == NULL)
        {
-               parse_ereport(head, ("Unterminated block comment."));
+               hint_ereport(head, ("Unterminated block comment."));
                return NULL;
        }
 
-       /* 入れ子にしたブロックコメントはサポートしない */
+       /* We don't support nested block comments. */
        if ((head = strstr(p, BLOCK_COMMENT_START)) != NULL && head < tail)
        {
-               parse_ereport(head, ("Nested block comments are not supported."));
+               hint_ereport(head, ("Nested block comments are not supported."));
                return NULL;
        }
 
-       /* ヒント句部分を切り出す */
+       /* Make a copy of hint. */
        len = tail - p;
        head = palloc(len + 1);
        memcpy(head, p, len);
        head[len] = '\0';
        p = head;
 
+       return p;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parse hints that got, create hint struct from parse tree and parse hints.
+ */
+static HintState *
+create_hintstate(Query *parse, const char *hints)
+{
+       const char *p;
+       int                     i;
+       HintState   *hstate;
+
+       if (hints == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       p = hints;
        hstate = HintStateCreate();
-       hstate->hint_str = head;
+       hstate->hint_str = (char *) hints;
 
        /* parse each hint. */
        parse_hints(hstate, parse, p);
@@ -1107,32 +1840,42 @@ parse_head_comment(Query *parse)
                return NULL;
        }
 
-       /* パースしたヒントを並び替える */
+       /* Sort hints in order of original position. */
        qsort(hstate->all_hints, hstate->nall_hints, sizeof(Hint *),
                  HintCmpWithPos);
 
-       /* 重複したヒントを検索する */
+       /* Count number of hints per hint-type. */
        for (i = 0; i < hstate->nall_hints; i++)
        {
                Hint   *cur_hint = hstate->all_hints[i];
-               Hint   *next_hint;
-
-               /* Count up hints per hint-type. */
                hstate->num_hints[cur_hint->type]++;
+       }
 
-               /* If we don't have next, nothing to compare. */
-               if (i + 1 >= hstate->nall_hints)
-                       break;
-               next_hint = hstate->all_hints[i + 1];
+       /*
+        * If an object (or a set of objects) has multiple hints of same hint-type,
+        * only the last hint is valid and others are ignored in planning.
+        * Hints except the last are marked as 'duplicated' to remember the order.
+        */
+       for (i = 0; i < hstate->nall_hints - 1; i++)
+       {
+               Hint   *cur_hint = hstate->all_hints[i];
+               Hint   *next_hint = hstate->all_hints[i + 1];
 
                /*
-                * We need to pass address of hint pointers, because HintCmp has
-                * been designed to be used with qsort.
+                * Leading hint is marked as 'duplicated' in transform_join_hints.
+                */
+               if (cur_hint->type == HINT_TYPE_LEADING &&
+                       next_hint->type == HINT_TYPE_LEADING)
+                       continue;
+
+               /*
+                * Note that we need to pass addresses of hint pointers, because
+                * HintCmp is designed to sort array of Hint* by qsort.
                 */
                if (HintCmp(&cur_hint, &next_hint) == 0)
                {
-                       parse_ereport(cur_hint->hint_str,
-                                                 ("Conflict %s hint.", HintTypeName[cur_hint->type]));
+                       hint_ereport(cur_hint->hint_str,
+                                                ("Conflict %s hint.", HintTypeName[cur_hint->type]));
                        cur_hint->state = HINT_STATE_DUPLICATION;
                }
        }
@@ -1142,90 +1885,114 @@ parse_head_comment(Query *parse)
         * array which consists of all hints.
         */
        hstate->scan_hints = (ScanMethodHint **) hstate->all_hints;
-       hstate->join_hints = (JoinMethodHint **) hstate->all_hints +
-               hstate->num_hints[HINT_TYPE_SCAN_METHOD];
-       hstate->leading_hint = (LeadingHint *) hstate->all_hints[
-               hstate->num_hints[HINT_TYPE_SCAN_METHOD] +
-               hstate->num_hints[HINT_TYPE_JOIN_METHOD] +
-               hstate->num_hints[HINT_TYPE_LEADING] - 1];
-       hstate->set_hints = (SetHint **) hstate->all_hints +
-               hstate->num_hints[HINT_TYPE_SCAN_METHOD] +
-               hstate->num_hints[HINT_TYPE_JOIN_METHOD] +
-               hstate->num_hints[HINT_TYPE_LEADING];
+       hstate->join_hints = (JoinMethodHint **) (hstate->scan_hints +
+               hstate->num_hints[HINT_TYPE_SCAN_METHOD]);
+       hstate->leading_hint = (LeadingHint **) (hstate->join_hints +
+               hstate->num_hints[HINT_TYPE_JOIN_METHOD]);
+       hstate->set_hints = (SetHint **) (hstate->leading_hint +
+               hstate->num_hints[HINT_TYPE_LEADING]);
+       hstate->rows_hints = (RowsHint **) (hstate->set_hints +
+               hstate->num_hints[HINT_TYPE_SET]);
 
        return hstate;
 }
 
 /*
- * スキャン方式ヒントのカッコ内をパースする
+ * Parse inside of parentheses of scan-method hints.
  */
 static const char *
 ScanMethodHintParse(ScanMethodHint *hint, HintState *hstate, Query *parse,
                                        const char *str)
 {
-       const char *keyword = hint->base.keyword;
+       const char         *keyword = hint->base.keyword;
+       HintKeyword             hint_keyword = hint->base.hint_keyword;
+       List               *name_list = NIL;
+       int                             length;
 
-       /*
-        * スキャン方式のヒントでリレーション名が読み取れない場合はヒント無効
-        */
-       if ((str = parse_quote_value(str, &hint->relname, "relation name", true))
-               == NULL)
+       if ((str = parse_parentheses(str, &name_list, hint_keyword)) == NULL)
                return NULL;
 
-       skip_space(str);
-
-       /*
-        * インデックスリストを受け付けるヒントであれば、インデックス参照をパース
-        * する。
-        */
-       if (strcmp(keyword, HINT_INDEXSCAN) == 0 ||
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 90200
-               strcmp(keyword, HINT_INDEXONLYSCAN) == 0 ||
-#endif
-               strcmp(keyword, HINT_BITMAPSCAN) == 0)
+       /* Parse relation name and index name(s) if given hint accepts. */
+       length = list_length(name_list);
+       if (length > 0)
        {
-               while (*str != ')' && *str != '\0')
+               hint->relname = linitial(name_list);
+               hint->indexnames = list_delete_first(name_list);
+
+               /* check whether the hint accepts index name(s). */
+               if (length != 1 &&
+                       hint_keyword != HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXSCAN &&
+                       hint_keyword != HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXSCANREGEXP &&
+                       hint_keyword != HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXONLYSCAN &&
+                       hint_keyword != HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXONLYSCANREGEXP &&
+                       hint_keyword != HINT_KEYWORD_BITMAPSCAN &&
+                       hint_keyword != HINT_KEYWORD_BITMAPSCANREGEXP)
                {
-                       char       *indexname;
-
-                       str = parse_quote_value(str, &indexname, "index name", true);
-                       if (str == NULL)
-                               return NULL;
-
-                       hint->indexnames = lappend(hint->indexnames, indexname);
-                       skip_space(str);
+                       hint_ereport(str,
+                                                ("%s hint accepts only one relation.",
+                                                 hint->base.keyword));
+                       hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_ERROR;
+                       return str;
                }
        }
-
-       /*
-        * ヒントごとに決まっている許容スキャン方式をビットマスクとして設定
-        */
-       if (strcasecmp(keyword, HINT_SEQSCAN) == 0)
-               hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_SEQSCAN;
-       else if (strcasecmp(keyword, HINT_INDEXSCAN) == 0)
-               hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_INDEXSCAN;
-       else if (strcasecmp(keyword, HINT_BITMAPSCAN) == 0)
-               hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_BITMAPSCAN;
-       else if (strcasecmp(keyword, HINT_TIDSCAN) == 0)
-               hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_TIDSCAN;
-       else if (strcasecmp(keyword, HINT_NOSEQSCAN) == 0)
-               hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_ALL_SCAN ^ ENABLE_SEQSCAN;
-       else if (strcasecmp(keyword, HINT_NOINDEXSCAN) == 0)
-               hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_ALL_SCAN ^ ENABLE_INDEXSCAN;
-       else if (strcasecmp(keyword, HINT_NOBITMAPSCAN) == 0)
-               hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_ALL_SCAN ^ ENABLE_BITMAPSCAN;
-       else if (strcasecmp(keyword, HINT_NOTIDSCAN) == 0)
-               hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_ALL_SCAN ^ ENABLE_TIDSCAN;
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 90200
-       else if (strcasecmp(keyword, HINT_INDEXONLYSCAN) == 0)
-               hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_INDEXSCAN | ENABLE_INDEXONLYSCAN;
-       else if (strcasecmp(keyword, HINT_NOINDEXONLYSCAN) == 0)
-               hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_ALL_SCAN ^ ENABLE_INDEXONLYSCAN;
-#endif
        else
        {
-               parse_ereport(str, ("Unrecognized hint keyword \"%s\".", keyword));
-               return NULL;
+               hint_ereport(str,
+                                        ("%s hint requires a relation.",
+                                         hint->base.keyword));
+               hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_ERROR;
+               return str;
+       }
+
+       /* Set a bit for specified hint. */
+       switch (hint_keyword)
+       {
+               case HINT_KEYWORD_SEQSCAN:
+                       hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_SEQSCAN;
+                       break;
+               case HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXSCAN:
+                       hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_INDEXSCAN;
+                       break;
+               case HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXSCANREGEXP:
+                       hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_INDEXSCAN;
+                       hint->regexp = true;
+                       break;
+               case HINT_KEYWORD_BITMAPSCAN:
+                       hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_BITMAPSCAN;
+                       break;
+               case HINT_KEYWORD_BITMAPSCANREGEXP:
+                       hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_BITMAPSCAN;
+                       hint->regexp = true;
+                       break;
+               case HINT_KEYWORD_TIDSCAN:
+                       hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_TIDSCAN;
+                       break;
+               case HINT_KEYWORD_NOSEQSCAN:
+                       hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_ALL_SCAN ^ ENABLE_SEQSCAN;
+                       break;
+               case HINT_KEYWORD_NOINDEXSCAN:
+                       hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_ALL_SCAN ^ ENABLE_INDEXSCAN;
+                       break;
+               case HINT_KEYWORD_NOBITMAPSCAN:
+                       hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_ALL_SCAN ^ ENABLE_BITMAPSCAN;
+                       break;
+               case HINT_KEYWORD_NOTIDSCAN:
+                       hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_ALL_SCAN ^ ENABLE_TIDSCAN;
+                       break;
+               case HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXONLYSCAN:
+                       hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_INDEXSCAN | ENABLE_INDEXONLYSCAN;
+                       break;
+               case HINT_KEYWORD_INDEXONLYSCANREGEXP:
+                       hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_INDEXSCAN | ENABLE_INDEXONLYSCAN;
+                       hint->regexp = true;
+                       break;
+               case HINT_KEYWORD_NOINDEXONLYSCAN:
+                       hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_ALL_SCAN ^ ENABLE_INDEXONLYSCAN;
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       hint_ereport(str, ("Unrecognized hint keyword \"%s\".", keyword));
+                       return NULL;
+                       break;
        }
 
        return str;
@@ -1235,100 +2002,275 @@ static const char *
 JoinMethodHintParse(JoinMethodHint *hint, HintState *hstate, Query *parse,
                                        const char *str)
 {
-       char       *relname;
-       const char *keyword = hint->base.keyword;
+       const char         *keyword = hint->base.keyword;
+       HintKeyword             hint_keyword = hint->base.hint_keyword;
+       List               *name_list = NIL;
 
-       skip_space(str);
+       if ((str = parse_parentheses(str, &name_list, hint_keyword)) == NULL)
+               return NULL;
 
-       hint->relnames = palloc(sizeof(char *));
+       hint->nrels = list_length(name_list);
 
-       while ((str = parse_quote_value(str, &relname, "relation name", true))
-                  != NULL)
+       if (hint->nrels > 0)
        {
-               hint->nrels++;
-               hint->relnames = repalloc(hint->relnames, sizeof(char *) * hint->nrels);
-               hint->relnames[hint->nrels - 1] = relname;
+               ListCell   *l;
+               int                     i = 0;
 
-               skip_space(str);
-               if (*str == ')')
+               /*
+                * Transform relation names from list to array to sort them with qsort
+                * after.
+                */
+               hint->relnames = palloc(sizeof(char *) * hint->nrels);
+               foreach (l, name_list)
+               {
+                       hint->relnames[i] = lfirst(l);
+                       i++;
+               }
+       }
+
+       list_free(name_list);
+
+       /* A join hint requires at least two relations */
+       if (hint->nrels < 2)
+       {
+               hint_ereport(str,
+                                        ("%s hint requires at least two relations.",
+                                         hint->base.keyword));
+               hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_ERROR;
+               return str;
+       }
+
+       /* Sort hints in alphabetical order of relation names. */
+       qsort(hint->relnames, hint->nrels, sizeof(char *), RelnameCmp);
+
+       switch (hint_keyword)
+       {
+               case HINT_KEYWORD_NESTLOOP:
+                       hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_NESTLOOP;
+                       break;
+               case HINT_KEYWORD_MERGEJOIN:
+                       hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_MERGEJOIN;
+                       break;
+               case HINT_KEYWORD_HASHJOIN:
+                       hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_HASHJOIN;
+                       break;
+               case HINT_KEYWORD_NONESTLOOP:
+                       hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_ALL_JOIN ^ ENABLE_NESTLOOP;
+                       break;
+               case HINT_KEYWORD_NOMERGEJOIN:
+                       hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_ALL_JOIN ^ ENABLE_MERGEJOIN;
+                       break;
+               case HINT_KEYWORD_NOHASHJOIN:
+                       hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_ALL_JOIN ^ ENABLE_HASHJOIN;
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       hint_ereport(str, ("Unrecognized hint keyword \"%s\".", keyword));
+                       return NULL;
                        break;
        }
 
-       if (str == NULL)
+       return str;
+}
+
+static bool
+OuterInnerPairCheck(OuterInnerRels *outer_inner)
+{
+       ListCell *l;
+       if (outer_inner->outer_inner_pair == NIL)
+       {
+               if (outer_inner->relation)
+                       return true;
+               else
+                       return false;
+       }
+
+       if (list_length(outer_inner->outer_inner_pair) == 2)
+       {
+               foreach(l, outer_inner->outer_inner_pair)
+               {
+                       if (!OuterInnerPairCheck(lfirst(l)))
+                               return false;
+               }
+       }
+       else
+               return false;
+
+       return true;
+}
+
+static List *
+OuterInnerList(OuterInnerRels *outer_inner)
+{
+       List               *outer_inner_list = NIL;
+       ListCell           *l;
+       OuterInnerRels *outer_inner_rels;
+
+       foreach(l, outer_inner->outer_inner_pair)
+       {
+               outer_inner_rels = (OuterInnerRels *)(lfirst(l));
+
+               if (outer_inner_rels->relation != NULL)
+                       outer_inner_list = lappend(outer_inner_list,
+                                                                          outer_inner_rels->relation);
+               else
+                       outer_inner_list = list_concat(outer_inner_list,
+                                                                                  OuterInnerList(outer_inner_rels));
+       }
+       return outer_inner_list;
+}
+
+static const char *
+LeadingHintParse(LeadingHint *hint, HintState *hstate, Query *parse,
+                                const char *str)
+{
+       List               *name_list = NIL;
+       OuterInnerRels *outer_inner = NULL;
+
+       if ((str = parse_parentheses_Leading(str, &name_list, &outer_inner)) ==
+               NULL)
                return NULL;
 
-       /* Join 対象のテーブルは最低でも2つ指定する必要がある */
-       if (hint->nrels < 2)
+       if (outer_inner != NULL)
+               name_list = OuterInnerList(outer_inner);
+
+       hint->relations = name_list;
+       hint->outer_inner = outer_inner;
+
+       /* A Leading hint requires at least two relations */
+       if ( hint->outer_inner == NULL && list_length(hint->relations) < 2)
+       {
+               hint_ereport(hint->base.hint_str,
+                                        ("%s hint requires at least two relations.",
+                                         HINT_LEADING));
+               hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_ERROR;
+       }
+       else if (hint->outer_inner != NULL &&
+                        !OuterInnerPairCheck(hint->outer_inner))
+       {
+               hint_ereport(hint->base.hint_str,
+                                        ("%s hint requires two sets of relations when parentheses nests.",
+                                         HINT_LEADING));
+               hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_ERROR;
+       }
+
+       return str;
+}
+
+static const char *
+SetHintParse(SetHint *hint, HintState *hstate, Query *parse, const char *str)
+{
+       List   *name_list = NIL;
+
+       if ((str = parse_parentheses(str, &name_list, hint->base.hint_keyword))
+               == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       hint->words = name_list;
+
+       /* We need both name and value to set GUC parameter. */
+       if (list_length(name_list) == 2)
+       {
+               hint->name = linitial(name_list);
+               hint->value = lsecond(name_list);
+       }
+       else
+       {
+               hint_ereport(hint->base.hint_str,
+                                        ("%s hint requires name and value of GUC parameter.",
+                                         HINT_SET));
+               hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_ERROR;
+       }
+
+       return str;
+}
+
+static const char *
+RowsHintParse(RowsHint *hint, HintState *hstate, Query *parse,
+                         const char *str)
+{
+       HintKeyword             hint_keyword = hint->base.hint_keyword;
+       List               *name_list = NIL;
+       char               *rows_str;
+       char               *end_ptr;
+
+       if ((str = parse_parentheses(str, &name_list, hint_keyword)) == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       /* Last element must be rows specification */
+       hint->nrels = list_length(name_list) - 1;
+
+       if (hint->nrels > 0)
+       {
+               ListCell   *l;
+               int                     i = 0;
+
+               /*
+                * Transform relation names from list to array to sort them with qsort
+                * after.
+                */
+               hint->relnames = palloc(sizeof(char *) * hint->nrels);
+               foreach (l, name_list)
+               {
+                       if (hint->nrels <= i)
+                               break;
+                       hint->relnames[i] = lfirst(l);
+                       i++;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* Retieve rows estimation */
+       rows_str = list_nth(name_list, hint->nrels);
+       hint->rows_str = rows_str;              /* store as-is for error logging */
+       if (rows_str[0] == '#')
+       {
+               hint->value_type = RVT_ABSOLUTE;
+               rows_str++;
+       }
+       else if (rows_str[0] == '+')
+       {
+               hint->value_type = RVT_ADD;
+               rows_str++;
+       }
+       else if (rows_str[0] == '-')
        {
-               parse_ereport(str,
-                                         ("%s hint requires at least two relations.",
-                                          hint->base.keyword));
-               hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_ERROR;
+               hint->value_type = RVT_SUB;
+               rows_str++;
+       }
+       else if (rows_str[0] == '*')
+       {
+               hint->value_type = RVT_MULTI;
+               rows_str++;
        }
-
-       /* テーブル名順にソートする */
-       qsort(hint->relnames, hint->nrels, sizeof(char *), RelnameCmp);
-
-       if (strcasecmp(keyword, HINT_NESTLOOP) == 0)
-               hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_NESTLOOP;
-       else if (strcasecmp(keyword, HINT_MERGEJOIN) == 0)
-               hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_MERGEJOIN;
-       else if (strcasecmp(keyword, HINT_HASHJOIN) == 0)
-               hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_HASHJOIN;
-       else if (strcasecmp(keyword, HINT_NONESTLOOP) == 0)
-               hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_ALL_JOIN ^ ENABLE_NESTLOOP;
-       else if (strcasecmp(keyword, HINT_NOMERGEJOIN) == 0)
-               hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_ALL_JOIN ^ ENABLE_MERGEJOIN;
-       else if (strcasecmp(keyword, HINT_NOHASHJOIN) == 0)
-               hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_ALL_JOIN ^ ENABLE_HASHJOIN;
        else
        {
-               parse_ereport(str, ("Unrecognized hint keyword \"%s\".", keyword));
-               return NULL;
+               hint_ereport(rows_str, ("Unrecognized rows value type notation."));
+               hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_ERROR;
+               return str;
        }
-
-       return str;
-}
-
-static const char *
-LeadingHintParse(LeadingHint *hint, HintState *hstate, Query *parse,
-                                const char *str)
-{
-       skip_space(str);
-
-       while (*str != ')')
+       hint->rows = strtod(rows_str, &end_ptr);
+       if (*end_ptr)
        {
-               char   *relname;
-
-               if ((str = parse_quote_value(str, &relname, "relation name", true))
-                       == NULL)
-                       return NULL;
-
-               hint->relations = lappend(hint->relations, relname);
-
-               skip_space(str);
+               hint_ereport(rows_str,
+                                        ("%s hint requires valid number as rows estimation.",
+                                         hint->base.keyword));
+               hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_ERROR;
+               return str;
        }
 
-       /* テーブル指定が2つ未満の場合は、Leading ヒントはエラーとする */
-       if (list_length(hint->relations) < 2)
+       /* A join hint requires at least two relations */
+       if (hint->nrels < 2)
        {
-               parse_ereport(hint->base.hint_str,
-                                         ("%s hint requires at least two relations.",
-                                          HINT_LEADING));
+               hint_ereport(str,
+                                        ("%s hint requires at least two relations.",
+                                         hint->base.keyword));
                hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_ERROR;
+               return str;
        }
 
-       return str;
-}
+       list_free(name_list);
 
-static const char *
-SetHintParse(SetHint *hint, HintState *hstate, Query *parse, const char *str)
-{
-       if ((str = parse_quote_value(str, &hint->name, "parameter name", true))
-               == NULL ||
-               (str = parse_quote_value(str, &hint->value, "parameter value", false))
-               == NULL)
-               return NULL;
+       /* Sort relnames in alphabetical order. */
+       qsort(hint->relnames, hint->nrels, sizeof(char *), RelnameCmp);
 
        return str;
 }
@@ -1347,13 +2289,8 @@ set_config_option_wrapper(const char *name, const char *value,
 
        PG_TRY();
        {
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 90200
                result = set_config_option(name, value, context, source,
                                                                   action, changeVal, 0);
-#else
-               result = set_config_option(name, value, context, source,
-                                                                  action, changeVal);
-#endif
        }
        PG_CATCH();
        {
@@ -1364,10 +2301,12 @@ set_config_option_wrapper(const char *name, const char *value,
                errdata = CopyErrorData();
                FlushErrorState();
 
-               ereport(elevel, (errcode(errdata->sqlerrcode),
-                               errmsg("%s", errdata->message),
-                               errdata->detail ? errdetail("%s", errdata->detail) : 0,
-                               errdata->hint ? errhint("%s", errdata->hint) : 0));
+               ereport(elevel,
+                               (errcode(errdata->sqlerrcode),
+                                errmsg("%s", errdata->message),
+                                errdata->detail ? errdetail("%s", errdata->detail) : 0,
+                                errdata->hint ? errhint("%s", errdata->hint) : 0));
+               msgqno = qno;
                FreeErrorData(errdata);
        }
        PG_END_TRY();
@@ -1393,7 +2332,7 @@ set_config_options(SetHint **options, int noptions, GucContext context)
 
                result = set_config_option_wrapper(hint->name, hint->value, context,
                                                                                   PGC_S_SESSION, GUC_ACTION_SAVE, true,
-                                                                                  pg_hint_plan_parse_messages);
+                                                                                  pg_hint_plan_message_level);
                if (result != 0)
                        hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_USED;
                else
@@ -1415,9 +2354,7 @@ set_scan_config_options(unsigned char enforce_mask, GucContext context)
 
        if (enforce_mask == ENABLE_SEQSCAN || enforce_mask == ENABLE_INDEXSCAN ||
                enforce_mask == ENABLE_BITMAPSCAN || enforce_mask == ENABLE_TIDSCAN
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 90200
                || enforce_mask == (ENABLE_INDEXSCAN | ENABLE_INDEXONLYSCAN)
-#endif
                )
                mask = enforce_mask;
        else
@@ -1427,9 +2364,7 @@ set_scan_config_options(unsigned char enforce_mask, GucContext context)
        SET_CONFIG_OPTION("enable_indexscan", ENABLE_INDEXSCAN);
        SET_CONFIG_OPTION("enable_bitmapscan", ENABLE_BITMAPSCAN);
        SET_CONFIG_OPTION("enable_tidscan", ENABLE_TIDSCAN);
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 90200
        SET_CONFIG_OPTION("enable_indexonlyscan", ENABLE_INDEXONLYSCAN);
-#endif
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1449,150 +2384,205 @@ set_join_config_options(unsigned char enforce_mask, GucContext context)
 }
 
 /*
- * pg_hint_plan hook functions
+ * Push a hint into hint stack which is implemented with List struct.  Head of
+ * list is top of stack.
  */
-
 static void
-pg_hint_plan_ProcessUtility(Node *parsetree, const char *queryString,
-                                                       ParamListInfo params, bool isTopLevel,
-                                                       DestReceiver *dest, char *completionTag)
+push_hint(HintState *hstate)
 {
-       Node                               *node;
-
-       if (!pg_hint_plan_enable)
-       {
-               if (prev_ProcessUtility)
-                       (*prev_ProcessUtility) (parsetree, queryString, params,
-                                                                       isTopLevel, dest, completionTag);
-               else
-                       standard_ProcessUtility(parsetree, queryString, params,
-                                                                       isTopLevel, dest, completionTag);
-
-               return;
-       }
-
-       node = parsetree;
-       if (IsA(node, ExplainStmt))
-       {
-               /*
-                * EXPLAIN対象のクエリのパースツリーを取得する
-                */
-               ExplainStmt        *stmt;
-               Query              *query;
-
-               stmt = (ExplainStmt *) node;
+       /* Prepend new hint to the list means pushing to stack. */
+       HintStateStack = lcons(hstate, HintStateStack);
 
-               Assert(IsA(stmt->query, Query));
-               query = (Query *) stmt->query;
+       /* Pushed hint is the one which should be used hereafter. */
+       current_hint = hstate;
+}
 
-               if (query->commandType == CMD_UTILITY && query->utilityStmt != NULL)
-                       node = query->utilityStmt;
-       }
+/* Pop a hint from hint stack.  Popped hint is automatically discarded. */
+static void
+pop_hint(void)
+{
+       /* Hint stack must not be empty. */
+       if(HintStateStack == NIL)
+               elog(ERROR, "hint stack is empty");
 
        /*
-        * EXECUTEコマンドならば、PREPARE時に指定されたクエリ文字列を取得し、ヒント
-        * 句の候補として設定する
+        * Take a hint at the head from the list, and free it.  Switch current_hint
+        * to point new head (NULL if the list is empty).
         */
-       if (IsA(node, ExecuteStmt))
-       {
-               ExecuteStmt        *stmt;
+       HintStateStack = list_delete_first(HintStateStack);
+       HintStateDelete(current_hint);
+       if(HintStateStack == NIL)
+               current_hint = NULL;
+       else
+               current_hint = (HintState *) lfirst(list_head(HintStateStack));
+}
 
-               stmt = (ExecuteStmt *) node;
-               stmt_name = stmt->name;
-       }
+/*
+ * Retrieve and store a hint string from given query or from the hint table.
+ * If we are using the hint table, the query string is needed to be normalized.
+ * However, ParseState, which is not available in planner_hook, is required to
+ * check if the query tree (Query) is surely corresponding to the target query.
+ */
+static void
+pg_hint_plan_post_parse_analyze(ParseState *pstate, Query *query)
+{
+       const char *query_str;
+       MemoryContext   oldcontext;
 
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 90200
-       /*
-        * EXECUTEコマンドならば、PREPARE時に指定されたクエリ文字列を取得し、ヒント
-        * 句の候補として設定する
-        */
-       if (IsA(node, CreateTableAsStmt))
-       {
-               CreateTableAsStmt          *stmt;
-               Query              *query;
+       if (prev_post_parse_analyze_hook)
+               prev_post_parse_analyze_hook(pstate, query);
 
-               stmt = (CreateTableAsStmt *) node;
-               Assert(IsA(stmt->query, Query));
-               query = (Query *) stmt->query;
+       /* do nothing under hint table search */
+       if (hint_inhibit_level > 0)
+               return;
 
-               if (query->commandType == CMD_UTILITY &&
-                       IsA(query->utilityStmt, ExecuteStmt))
+       if (!pg_hint_plan_enable_hint)
+       {
+               if (current_hint_str)
                {
-                       ExecuteStmt *estmt = (ExecuteStmt *) query->utilityStmt;
-                       stmt_name = estmt->name;
+                       pfree((void *)current_hint_str);
+                       current_hint_str = NULL;
                }
+               return;
        }
-#endif
-       if (stmt_name)
+
+       /* increment the query number */
+       qnostr[0] = 0;
+       if (debug_level > 1)
+               snprintf(qnostr, sizeof(qnostr), "[qno=0x%x]", qno++);
+       qno++;
+
+       /* search the hint table for a hint if requested */
+       if (pg_hint_plan_enable_hint_table)
        {
-               PG_TRY();
+               int                             query_len;
+               pgssJumbleState jstate;
+               Query              *jumblequery;
+               char               *normalized_query = NULL;
+
+               query_str = get_query_string(pstate, query, &jumblequery);
+
+               /* If this query is not for hint, just return */
+               if (!query_str)
+                       return;
+
+               /* clear the previous hint string */
+               if (current_hint_str)
                {
-                       if (prev_ProcessUtility)
-                               (*prev_ProcessUtility) (parsetree, queryString, params,
-                                                                               isTopLevel, dest, completionTag);
-                       else
-                               standard_ProcessUtility(parsetree, queryString, params,
-                                                                               isTopLevel, dest, completionTag);
+                       pfree((void *)current_hint_str);
+                       current_hint_str = NULL;
                }
-               PG_CATCH();
+               
+               if (jumblequery)
                {
-                       stmt_name = NULL;
-                       PG_RE_THROW();
-               }
-               PG_END_TRY();
+                       /*
+                        * XXX: normalizing code is copied from pg_stat_statements.c, so be
+                        * careful to PostgreSQL's version up.
+                        */
+                       jstate.jumble = (unsigned char *) palloc(JUMBLE_SIZE);
+                       jstate.jumble_len = 0;
+                       jstate.clocations_buf_size = 32;
+                       jstate.clocations = (pgssLocationLen *)
+                               palloc(jstate.clocations_buf_size * sizeof(pgssLocationLen));
+                       jstate.clocations_count = 0;
 
-               stmt_name = NULL;
+                       JumbleQuery(&jstate, jumblequery);
 
-               return;
-       }
+                       /*
+                        * Normalize the query string by replacing constants with '?'
+                        */
+                       /*
+                        * Search hint string which is stored keyed by query string
+                        * and application name.  The query string is normalized to allow
+                        * fuzzy matching.
+                        *
+                        * Adding 1 byte to query_len ensures that the returned string has
+                        * a terminating NULL.
+                        */
+                       query_len = strlen(query_str) + 1;
+                       normalized_query =
+                               generate_normalized_query(&jstate, query_str,
+                                                                                 &query_len,
+                                                                                 GetDatabaseEncoding());
 
-       if (prev_ProcessUtility)
-               (*prev_ProcessUtility) (parsetree, queryString, params,
-                                                               isTopLevel, dest, completionTag);
+                       /*
+                        * find a hint for the normalized query. the result should be in
+                        * TopMemoryContext
+                        */
+                       oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(TopMemoryContext);
+                       current_hint_str =
+                               get_hints_from_table(normalized_query, application_name);
+                       MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
+
+                       if (debug_level > 1)
+                       {
+                               if (current_hint_str)
+                                       ereport(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
+                                                       (errmsg("pg_hint_plan[qno=0x%x]: "
+                                                                       "post_parse_analyze_hook: "
+                                                                       "hints from table: \"%s\": "
+                                                                       "normalized_query=\"%s\", "
+                                                                       "application name =\"%s\"",
+                                                                       qno, current_hint_str,
+                                                                       normalized_query, application_name),
+                                                        errhidestmt(msgqno != qno)));
+                               else
+                                       ereport(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
+                                                       (errmsg("pg_hint_plan[qno=0x%x]: "
+                                                                       "no match found in table:  "
+                                                                       "application name = \"%s\", "
+                                                                       "normalized_query=\"%s\"",
+                                                                       qno, application_name,
+                                                                       normalized_query),
+                                                        errhidestmt(msgqno != qno)));
+
+                               msgqno = qno;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               /* retrun if we have hint here*/
+               if (current_hint_str)
+                       return;
+       }
        else
-               standard_ProcessUtility(parsetree, queryString, params,
-                                                               isTopLevel, dest, completionTag);
-}
+               query_str = get_query_string(pstate, query, NULL);
 
-/*
- * ヒント用スタック構造にヒントをプッシュする。なお、List構造体でヒント用スタッ
- * ク構造を実装していて、リストの先頭がスタックの一番上に該当する。
- */
-static void
-push_hint(HintState *hstate)
-{
-       /* 新しいヒントをスタックに積む。 */
-       HintStateStack = lcons(hstate, HintStateStack);
+       if (query_str)
+       {
+               /*
+                * get hints from the comment. However we may have the same query
+                * string with the previous call, but just retrieving hints is expected
+                * to be faster than checking for identicalness before retrieval.
+                */
+               if (current_hint_str)
+                       pfree((void *)current_hint_str);
 
-       /*
-        * 先ほどスタックに積んだヒントを現在のヒントとしてcurrent_hintに格納する。
-        */
-       current_hint = hstate;
+               oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(TopMemoryContext);
+               current_hint_str = get_hints_from_comment(query_str);
+               MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
+       }
+
+       if (debug_level > 1)
+       {
+               if (debug_level == 1 &&
+                       (stmt_name || strcmp(query_str, debug_query_string)))
+                       ereport(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
+                                       (errmsg("hints in comment=\"%s\"",
+                                                       current_hint_str ? current_hint_str : "(none)"),
+                                        errhidestmt(msgqno != qno)));
+               else
+                       ereport(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
+                                       (errmsg("hints in comment=\"%s\", stmt=\"%s\", query=\"%s\", debug_query_string=\"%s\"",
+                                                       current_hint_str ? current_hint_str : "(none)",
+                                                       stmt_name, query_str, debug_query_string),
+                                        errhidestmt(msgqno != qno)));
+               msgqno = qno;
+       }
 }
 
 /*
- * ヒント用スタック構造から不要になったヒントをポップする。取り出されたヒントは
- * 自動的に破棄される。
+ * Read and set up hint information
  */
-static void
-pop_hint(void)
-{
-       /* ヒントのスタックが空の場合はエラーを返す */
-       if(HintStateStack == NIL)
-               elog(ERROR, "hint stack is empty");
-
-       /*
-        * ヒントのスタックから一番上のものを取り出して解放する。 current_hintは
-        * 常に最上段ヒントを指す(スタックが空の場合はNULL)。
-        */
-       HintStateStack = list_delete_first(HintStateStack);
-       HintStateDelete(current_hint);
-       if(HintStateStack == NIL)
-               current_hint = NULL;
-       else
-               current_hint = (HintState *) lfirst(list_head(HintStateStack));
-}
-
 static PlannedStmt *
 pg_hint_plan_planner(Query *parse, int cursorOptions, ParamListInfo boundParams)
 {
@@ -1601,43 +2591,57 @@ pg_hint_plan_planner(Query *parse, int cursorOptions, ParamListInfo boundParams)
        HintState          *hstate;
 
        /*
-        * pg_hint_planが無効である場合は通常のparser処理をおこなう。
-        * 他のフック関数で実行されるhint処理をスキップするために、current_hint 変数
-        * をNULLに設定しておく。
+        * Use standard planner if pg_hint_plan is disabled or current nesting 
+        * depth is nesting depth of SPI calls. Other hook functions try to change
+        * plan with current_hint if any, so set it to NULL.
         */
-       if (!pg_hint_plan_enable)
+       if (!pg_hint_plan_enable_hint || hint_inhibit_level > 0)
        {
-               current_hint = NULL;
-
-               if (prev_planner)
-                       return (*prev_planner) (parse, cursorOptions, boundParams);
-               else
-                       return standard_planner(parse, cursorOptions, boundParams);
+               if (debug_level > 1)
+                       ereport(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
+                                       (errmsg ("pg_hint_plan%s: planner: enable_hint=%d,"
+                                                        " hint_inhibit_level=%d",
+                                                        qnostr, pg_hint_plan_enable_hint,
+                                                        hint_inhibit_level),
+                                        errhidestmt(msgqno != qno)));
+               msgqno = qno;
+
+               goto standard_planner_proc;
        }
 
-       /* 有効なヒント句を保存する。 */
-       hstate = parse_head_comment(parse);
-
        /*
-        * hintが指定されない、または空のhintを指定された場合は通常のparser処理をお
-        * こなう。
-        * 他のフック関数で実行されるhint処理をスキップするために、current_hint 変数
-        * をNULLに設定しておく。
+        * Support for nested plpgsql functions. This is quite ugly but this is the
+        * only point I could find where I can get the query string.
         */
-       if (!hstate)
+       if (plpgsql_recurse_level > 0)
        {
-               current_hint = NULL;
+               MemoryContext oldcontext;
 
-               if (prev_planner)
-                       return (*prev_planner) (parse, cursorOptions, boundParams);
-               else
-                       return standard_planner(parse, cursorOptions, boundParams);
+               if (current_hint_str)
+                       pfree((void *)current_hint_str);
+
+               oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(TopMemoryContext);
+               current_hint_str =
+                       get_hints_from_comment((char *)error_context_stack->arg);
+               MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
        }
 
-       /* 現在のヒントをスタックに積む。 */
+       if (!current_hint_str)
+               goto standard_planner_proc;
+
+       /* parse the hint into hint state struct */
+       hstate = create_hintstate(parse, pstrdup(current_hint_str));
+
+       /* run standard planner if the statement has not valid hint */
+       if (!hstate)
+               goto standard_planner_proc;
+       
+       /*
+        * Push new hint struct to the hint stack to disable previous hint context.
+        */
        push_hint(hstate);
 
-       /* Set hint で指定されたGUCパラメータを設定する */
+       /* Set GUC parameters which are specified with Set hint. */
        save_nestlevel = set_config_options(current_hint->set_hints,
                                                                                current_hint->num_hints[HINT_TYPE_SET],
                                                                                current_hint->context);
@@ -1650,10 +2654,8 @@ pg_hint_plan_planner(Query *parse, int cursorOptions, ParamListInfo boundParams)
                current_hint->init_scan_mask |= ENABLE_BITMAPSCAN;
        if (enable_tidscan)
                current_hint->init_scan_mask |= ENABLE_TIDSCAN;
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 90200
        if (enable_indexonlyscan)
                current_hint->init_scan_mask |= ENABLE_INDEXONLYSCAN;
-#endif
        if (enable_nestloop)
                current_hint->init_join_mask |= ENABLE_NESTLOOP;
        if (enable_mergejoin)
@@ -1661,9 +2663,17 @@ pg_hint_plan_planner(Query *parse, int cursorOptions, ParamListInfo boundParams)
        if (enable_hashjoin)
                current_hint->init_join_mask |= ENABLE_HASHJOIN;
 
+       if (debug_level > 1)
+       {
+               ereport(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
+                               (errhidestmt(msgqno != qno),
+                                errmsg("pg_hint_plan%s: planner", qnostr))); 
+               msgqno = qno;
+       }
+
        /*
-        * プラン作成中にエラーとなった場合、GUCパラメータと current_hintを
-        * pg_hint_plan_planner 関数の実行前の状態に戻す。
+        * Use PG_TRY mechanism to recover GUC parameters and current_hint to the
+        * state when this planner started when error occurred in planner.
         */
        PG_TRY();
        {
@@ -1675,8 +2685,8 @@ pg_hint_plan_planner(Query *parse, int cursorOptions, ParamListInfo boundParams)
        PG_CATCH();
        {
                /*
-                * プランナ起動前の状態に戻すため、GUCパラメータを復元し、ヒント情報を
-                * 一つ削除する。
+                * Rollback changes of GUC parameters, and pop current hint context
+                * from hint stack to rewind the state.
                 */
                AtEOXact_GUC(true, save_nestlevel);
                pop_hint();
@@ -1684,54 +2694,66 @@ pg_hint_plan_planner(Query *parse, int cursorOptions, ParamListInfo boundParams)
        }
        PG_END_TRY();
 
-       /*
-        * Print hint if debugging.
-        */
-       if (pg_hint_plan_debug_print)
+       /* Print hint in debug mode. */
+       if (debug_level == 1)
                HintStateDump(current_hint);
+       else if (debug_level > 1)
+               HintStateDump2(current_hint);
 
        /*
-        * プランナ起動前の状態に戻すため、GUCパラメータを復元し、ヒント情報を一つ
-        * 削除する。
+        * Rollback changes of GUC parameters, and pop current hint context from
+        * hint stack to rewind the state.
         */
        AtEOXact_GUC(true, save_nestlevel);
        pop_hint();
 
        return result;
+
+standard_planner_proc:
+       if (debug_level > 1)
+       {
+               ereport(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
+                               (errhidestmt(msgqno != qno),
+                                errmsg("pg_hint_plan%s: planner: no valid hint",
+                                               qnostr)));
+               msgqno = qno;
+       }
+       current_hint = NULL;
+       if (prev_planner)
+               return (*prev_planner) (parse, cursorOptions, boundParams);
+       else
+               return standard_planner(parse, cursorOptions, boundParams);
 }
 
 /*
- * aliasnameと一致するSCANヒントを探す
+ * Return scan method hint which matches given aliasname.
  */
 static ScanMethodHint *
-find_scan_hint(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel)
+find_scan_hint(PlannerInfo *root, Index relid, RelOptInfo *rel)
 {
        RangeTblEntry  *rte;
        int                             i;
 
        /*
-        * RELOPT_BASEREL でなければ、scan method ヒントが適用しない。
-        * 子テーブルの場合はRELOPT_OTHER_MEMBER_RELとなるが、サポート対象外とする。
-        * また、通常のリレーション以外は、スキャン方式を選択できない。
+        * We can't apply scan method hint if the relation is:
+        *   - not a base relation
+        *   - not an ordinary relation (such as join and subquery)
         */
-       if (rel->reloptkind != RELOPT_BASEREL || rel->rtekind != RTE_RELATION)
+       if (rel && (rel->reloptkind != RELOPT_BASEREL || rel->rtekind != RTE_RELATION))
                return NULL;
 
-       rte = root->simple_rte_array[rel->relid];
+       rte = root->simple_rte_array[relid];
 
-       /* 外部表はスキャン方式が選択できない。 */
+       /* We can't force scan method of foreign tables */
        if (rte->relkind == RELKIND_FOREIGN_TABLE)
                return NULL;
 
-       /*
-        * スキャン方式のヒントのリストから、検索対象のリレーションと名称が一致する
-        * ヒントを検索する。
-        */
+       /* Find scan method hint, which matches given names, from the list. */
        for (i = 0; i < current_hint->num_hints[HINT_TYPE_SCAN_METHOD]; i++)
        {
                ScanMethodHint *hint = current_hint->scan_hints[i];
 
-               /* すでに無効となっているヒントは検索対象にしない。 */
+               /* We ignore disabled hints. */
                if (!hint_state_enabled(hint))
                        continue;
 
@@ -1742,12 +2764,40 @@ find_scan_hint(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel)
        return NULL;
 }
 
+/*
+ * regexeq
+ *
+ * Returns TRUE on match, FALSE on no match.
+ *
+ *   s1 --- the data to match against
+ *   s2 --- the pattern
+ *
+ * Because we copy s1 to NameData, make the size of s1 less than NAMEDATALEN.
+ */
+static bool
+regexpeq(const char *s1, const char *s2)
+{
+       NameData        name;
+       text       *regexp;
+       Datum           result;
+
+       strcpy(name.data, s1);
+       regexp = cstring_to_text(s2);
+
+       result = DirectFunctionCall2Coll(nameregexeq,
+                                                                        DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID,
+                                                                        NameGetDatum(&name),
+                                                                        PointerGetDatum(regexp));
+       return DatumGetBool(result);
+}
+
 static void
-delete_indexes(ScanMethodHint *hint, RelOptInfo *rel)
+delete_indexes(ScanMethodHint *hint, RelOptInfo *rel, Oid relationObjectId)
 {
        ListCell           *cell;
        ListCell           *prev;
        ListCell           *next;
+       StringInfoData  buf;
 
        /*
         * We delete all the IndexOptInfo list and prevent you from being usable by
@@ -1774,6 +2824,9 @@ delete_indexes(ScanMethodHint *hint, RelOptInfo *rel)
         * other than it.
         */
        prev = NULL;
+       if (debug_level > 0)
+               initStringInfo(&buf);
+
        for (cell = list_head(rel->indexlist); cell; cell = next)
        {
                IndexOptInfo   *info = (IndexOptInfo *) lfirst(cell);
@@ -1781,92 +2834,494 @@ delete_indexes(ScanMethodHint *hint, RelOptInfo *rel)
                ListCell           *l;
                bool                    use_index = false;
 
-               next = lnext(cell);
+               next = lnext(cell);
+
+               foreach(l, hint->indexnames)
+               {
+                       char   *hintname = (char *) lfirst(l);
+                       bool    result;
+
+                       if (hint->regexp)
+                               result = regexpeq(indexname, hintname);
+                       else
+                               result = RelnameCmp(&indexname, &hintname) == 0;
+
+                       if (result)
+                       {
+                               use_index = true;
+                               if (debug_level > 0)
+                               {
+                                       appendStringInfoCharMacro(&buf, ' ');
+                                       quote_value(&buf, indexname);
+                               }
+
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * to make the index a candidate when definition of this index is
+                * matched with the index's definition of current_hint.
+                */
+               if (OidIsValid(relationObjectId) && !use_index)
+               {
+                       foreach(l, current_hint->parent_index_infos)
+                       {
+                               int                                     i;
+                               HeapTuple                       ht_idx;
+                               ParentIndexInfo    *p_info = (ParentIndexInfo *)lfirst(l);
+
+                               /* check to match the parameter of unique */
+                               if (p_info->indisunique != info->unique)
+                                       continue;
+
+                               /* check to match the parameter of index's method */
+                               if (p_info->method != info->relam)
+                                       continue;
+
+                               /* to check to match the indexkey's configuration */
+                               if ((list_length(p_info->column_names)) !=
+                                        info->ncolumns)
+                                       continue;
+
+                               /* check to match the indexkey's configuration */
+                               for (i = 0; i < info->ncolumns; i++)
+                               {
+                                       char       *c_attname = NULL;
+                                       char       *p_attname = NULL;
+
+                                       p_attname =
+                                               list_nth(p_info->column_names, i);
+
+                                       /* both are expressions */
+                                       if (info->indexkeys[i] == 0 && !p_attname)
+                                               continue;
+
+                                       /* one's column is expression, the other is not */
+                                       if (info->indexkeys[i] == 0 || !p_attname)
+                                               break;
+
+                                       c_attname = get_attname(relationObjectId,
+                                                                                               info->indexkeys[i]);
+
+                                       if (strcmp(p_attname, c_attname) != 0)
+                                               break;
+
+                                       if (p_info->indcollation[i] != info->indexcollations[i])
+                                               break;
+
+                                       if (p_info->opclass[i] != info->opcintype[i])
+                                               break;
+
+                                       if (((p_info->indoption[i] & INDOPTION_DESC) != 0) !=
+                                               info->reverse_sort[i])
+                                               break;
+
+                                       if (((p_info->indoption[i] & INDOPTION_NULLS_FIRST) != 0) !=
+                                               info->nulls_first[i])
+                                               break;
+
+                               }
+
+                               if (i != info->ncolumns)
+                                       continue;
+
+                               if ((p_info->expression_str && (info->indexprs != NIL)) ||
+                                       (p_info->indpred_str && (info->indpred != NIL)))
+                               {
+                                       /*
+                                        * Fetch the pg_index tuple by the Oid of the index
+                                        */
+                                       ht_idx = SearchSysCache1(INDEXRELID,
+                                                                                        ObjectIdGetDatum(info->indexoid));
+
+                                       /* check to match the expression's parameter of index */
+                                       if (p_info->expression_str &&
+                                               !heap_attisnull(ht_idx, Anum_pg_index_indexprs))
+                                       {
+                                               Datum       exprsDatum;
+                                               bool        isnull;
+                                               Datum       result;
+
+                                               /*
+                                                * to change the expression's parameter of child's
+                                                * index to strings
+                                                */
+                                               exprsDatum = SysCacheGetAttr(INDEXRELID, ht_idx,
+                                                                                                        Anum_pg_index_indexprs,
+                                                                                                        &isnull);
+
+                                               result = DirectFunctionCall2(pg_get_expr,
+                                                                                                        exprsDatum,
+                                                                                                        ObjectIdGetDatum(
+                                                                                                                relationObjectId));
+
+                                               if (strcmp(p_info->expression_str,
+                                                                  text_to_cstring(DatumGetTextP(result))) != 0)
+                                               {
+                                                       /* Clean up */
+                                                       ReleaseSysCache(ht_idx);
+
+                                                       continue;
+                                               }
+                                       }
+
+                                       /* Check to match the predicate's parameter of index */
+                                       if (p_info->indpred_str &&
+                                               !heap_attisnull(ht_idx, Anum_pg_index_indpred))
+                                       {
+                                               Datum       predDatum;
+                                               bool        isnull;
+                                               Datum       result;
+
+                                               /*
+                                                * to change the predicate's parameter of child's
+                                                * index to strings
+                                                */
+                                               predDatum = SysCacheGetAttr(INDEXRELID, ht_idx,
+                                                                                                        Anum_pg_index_indpred,
+                                                                                                        &isnull);
+
+                                               result = DirectFunctionCall2(pg_get_expr,
+                                                                                                        predDatum,
+                                                                                                        ObjectIdGetDatum(
+                                                                                                                relationObjectId));
+
+                                               if (strcmp(p_info->indpred_str,
+                                                                  text_to_cstring(DatumGetTextP(result))) != 0)
+                                               {
+                                                       /* Clean up */
+                                                       ReleaseSysCache(ht_idx);
+
+                                                       continue;
+                                               }
+                                       }
+
+                                       /* Clean up */
+                                       ReleaseSysCache(ht_idx);
+                               }
+                               else if (p_info->expression_str || (info->indexprs != NIL))
+                                       continue;
+                               else if (p_info->indpred_str || (info->indpred != NIL))
+                                       continue;
+
+                               use_index = true;
+
+                               /* to log the candidate of index */
+                               if (debug_level > 0)
+                               {
+                                       appendStringInfoCharMacro(&buf, ' ');
+                                       quote_value(&buf, indexname);
+                               }
+
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               if (!use_index)
+                       rel->indexlist = list_delete_cell(rel->indexlist, cell, prev);
+               else
+                       prev = cell;
+
+               pfree(indexname);
+       }
+
+       if (debug_level == 1)
+       {
+               char   *relname;
+               StringInfoData  rel_buf;
+
+               if (OidIsValid(relationObjectId))
+                       relname = get_rel_name(relationObjectId);
+               else
+                       relname = hint->relname;
+
+               initStringInfo(&rel_buf);
+               quote_value(&rel_buf, relname);
+
+               ereport(LOG,
+                               (errmsg("available indexes for %s(%s):%s",
+                                        hint->base.keyword,
+                                        rel_buf.data,
+                                        buf.data)));
+               pfree(buf.data);
+               pfree(rel_buf.data);
+       }
+}
+
+/* 
+ * Return information of index definition.
+ */
+static ParentIndexInfo *
+get_parent_index_info(Oid indexoid, Oid relid)
+{
+       ParentIndexInfo *p_info = palloc(sizeof(ParentIndexInfo));
+       Relation            indexRelation;
+       Form_pg_index   index;
+       char               *attname;
+       int                             i;
+
+       indexRelation = index_open(indexoid, RowExclusiveLock);
+
+       index = indexRelation->rd_index;
+
+       p_info->indisunique = index->indisunique;
+       p_info->method = indexRelation->rd_rel->relam;
+
+       p_info->column_names = NIL;
+       p_info->indcollation = (Oid *) palloc(sizeof(Oid) * index->indnatts);
+       p_info->opclass = (Oid *) palloc(sizeof(Oid) * index->indnatts);
+       p_info->indoption = (int16 *) palloc(sizeof(Oid) * index->indnatts);
+
+       for (i = 0; i < index->indnatts; i++)
+       {
+               attname = get_attname(relid, index->indkey.values[i]);
+               p_info->column_names = lappend(p_info->column_names, attname);
+
+               p_info->indcollation[i] = indexRelation->rd_indcollation[i];
+               p_info->opclass[i] = indexRelation->rd_opcintype[i];
+               p_info->indoption[i] = indexRelation->rd_indoption[i];
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * to check to match the expression's parameter of index with child indexes
+        */
+       p_info->expression_str = NULL;
+       if(!heap_attisnull(indexRelation->rd_indextuple, Anum_pg_index_indexprs))
+       {
+               Datum       exprsDatum;
+               bool            isnull;
+               Datum           result;
+
+               exprsDatum = SysCacheGetAttr(INDEXRELID, indexRelation->rd_indextuple,
+                                                                        Anum_pg_index_indexprs, &isnull);
 
-               foreach(l, hint->indexnames)
-               {
-                       if (RelnameCmp(&indexname, &lfirst(l)) == 0)
-                       {
-                               use_index = true;
-                               break;
-                       }
-               }
+               result = DirectFunctionCall2(pg_get_expr,
+                                                                        exprsDatum,
+                                                                        ObjectIdGetDatum(relid));
 
-               if (!use_index)
-                       rel->indexlist = list_delete_cell(rel->indexlist, cell, prev);
-               else
-                       prev = cell;
+               p_info->expression_str = text_to_cstring(DatumGetTextP(result));
+       }
 
-               pfree(indexname);
+       /*
+        * to check to match the predicate's parameter of index with child indexes
+        */
+       p_info->indpred_str = NULL;
+       if(!heap_attisnull(indexRelation->rd_indextuple, Anum_pg_index_indpred))
+       {
+               Datum       predDatum;
+               bool            isnull;
+               Datum           result;
+
+               predDatum = SysCacheGetAttr(INDEXRELID, indexRelation->rd_indextuple,
+                                                                        Anum_pg_index_indpred, &isnull);
+
+               result = DirectFunctionCall2(pg_get_expr,
+                                                                        predDatum,
+                                                                        ObjectIdGetDatum(relid));
+
+               p_info->indpred_str = text_to_cstring(DatumGetTextP(result));
        }
+
+       index_close(indexRelation, NoLock);
+
+       return p_info;
 }
 
 static void
 pg_hint_plan_get_relation_info(PlannerInfo *root, Oid relationObjectId,
                                                           bool inhparent, RelOptInfo *rel)
 {
-       ScanMethodHint *hint;
+       ScanMethodHint *hint = NULL;
+       ListCell *l;
+       Index new_parent_relid = 0;
 
        if (prev_get_relation_info)
                (*prev_get_relation_info) (root, relationObjectId, inhparent, rel);
 
-       /* 有効なヒントが指定されなかった場合は処理をスキップする。 */
-       if (!current_hint)
+       /* 
+        * Do nothing if we don't have a valid hint in this context or current
+        * nesting depth is at SPI calls.
+        */
+       if (!current_hint || hint_inhibit_level > 0)
+       {
+               if (debug_level > 1)
+                       ereport(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
+                                       (errhidestmt(true),
+                                        errmsg ("pg_hint_plan%s: get_relation_info"
+                                                        " no hint to apply: relation=%u(%s), inhparent=%d,"
+                                                        " current_hint=%p, hint_inhibit_level=%d",
+                                                        qnostr, relationObjectId,
+                                                        get_rel_name(relationObjectId),
+                                                        inhparent, current_hint, hint_inhibit_level)));
                return;
+       }
 
+       /*
+        * We could register the parent relation of the following children here
+        * when inhparent == true but inheritnce planner doesn't request
+        * information for inheritance parents. We also cannot distinguish the
+        * caller so we should always find the parents without this function being
+        * called for them.
+        */
        if (inhparent)
        {
-               /* store does relids of parent table. */
-               current_hint->parent_relid = rel->relid;
+               if (debug_level > 1)
+                       ereport(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
+                                       (errhidestmt(true),
+                                        errmsg ("pg_hint_plan%s: get_relation_info"
+                                                        " skipping inh parent: relation=%u(%s), inhparent=%d,"
+                                                        " current_hint=%p, hint_inhibit_level=%d",
+                                                        qnostr, relationObjectId,
+                                                        get_rel_name(relationObjectId),
+                                                        inhparent, current_hint, hint_inhibit_level)));
+               return;
+       }
+
+       /* Find the parent for this relation */
+       foreach (l, root->append_rel_list)
+       {
+               AppendRelInfo *appinfo = (AppendRelInfo *) lfirst(l);
+
+               if (appinfo->child_relid == rel->relid)
+               {
+                       if (current_hint->parent_relid != appinfo->parent_relid)
+                               new_parent_relid = appinfo->parent_relid;
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (!l)
+       {
+               /* This relation doesn't have a parent. Cancel current_hint. */
+               current_hint->parent_relid = 0;
+               current_hint->parent_hint = NULL;
        }
-       else if (current_hint->parent_relid != 0)
+
+       if (new_parent_relid > 0)
        {
                /*
-                * We use the same GUC parameter if this table is the child table of a
-                * table called pg_hint_plan_get_relation_info just before that.
+                * Here we found a parent relation different from the remembered one.
+                * Remember it, apply the scan mask of it and then resolve the index
+                * restriction in order to be used by its children.
                 */
-               ListCell   *l;
+               int scanmask = current_hint->init_scan_mask;
+               ScanMethodHint *parent_hint;
+
+               current_hint->parent_relid = new_parent_relid;
+                               
+               /*
+                * Get and apply the hint for the new parent relation. It should be an
+                * ordinary relation so calling find_scan_hint with rel == NULL is
+                * safe.
+                */
+               current_hint->parent_hint = parent_hint = 
+                       find_scan_hint(root, current_hint->parent_relid, NULL);
 
-               /* append_rel_list contains all append rels; ignore others */
-               foreach(l, root->append_rel_list)
+               if (parent_hint)
                {
-                       AppendRelInfo *appinfo = (AppendRelInfo *) lfirst(l);
+                       scanmask = current_hint->parent_hint->enforce_mask;
+                       parent_hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_USED;
 
-                       /* This rel is child table. */
-                       if (appinfo->parent_relid == current_hint->parent_relid &&
-                               appinfo->child_relid == rel->relid)
+                       /* Resolve index name mask (if any) using the parent. */
+                       if (parent_hint->indexnames)
                        {
-                               if (current_hint->parent_hint)
-                                       delete_indexes(current_hint->parent_hint, rel);
-
-                               return;
+                               Oid                     parentrel_oid;
+                               Relation        parent_rel;
+
+                               parentrel_oid =
+                                       root->simple_rte_array[current_hint->parent_relid]->relid;
+                               parent_rel = heap_open(parentrel_oid, NoLock);
+
+                               /* Search the parent relation for indexes match the hint spec */
+                               foreach(l, RelationGetIndexList(parent_rel))
+                               {
+                                       Oid         indexoid = lfirst_oid(l);
+                                       char       *indexname = get_rel_name(indexoid);
+                                       ListCell   *lc;
+                                       ParentIndexInfo *parent_index_info;
+
+                                       foreach(lc, parent_hint->indexnames)
+                                       {
+                                               if (RelnameCmp(&indexname, &lfirst(lc)) == 0)
+                                                       break;
+                                       }
+                                       if (!lc)
+                                               continue;
+
+                                       parent_index_info =
+                                               get_parent_index_info(indexoid, parentrel_oid);
+                                       current_hint->parent_index_infos =
+                                               lappend(current_hint->parent_index_infos, parent_index_info);
+                               }
+                               heap_close(parent_rel, NoLock);
                        }
                }
+                       
+               set_scan_config_options(scanmask, current_hint->context);
+       }
 
-               /* This rel is not inherit table. */
-               current_hint->parent_relid = 0;
-               current_hint->parent_hint = NULL;
+       if (current_hint->parent_hint != 0)
+       {
+               delete_indexes(current_hint->parent_hint, rel,
+                                          relationObjectId);
+
+               /* Scan fixation status is the same to the parent. */
+               if (debug_level > 1)
+                       ereport(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
+                                       (errhidestmt(true),
+                                        errmsg("pg_hint_plan%s: get_relation_info:"
+                                                       " index deletion by parent hint: "
+                                                       "relation=%u(%s), inhparent=%d, current_hint=%p,"
+                                                       " hint_inhibit_level=%d",
+                                                       qnostr, relationObjectId,
+                                                       get_rel_name(relationObjectId),
+                                                       inhparent, current_hint, hint_inhibit_level)));
+               return;
        }
 
-       /* scan hint が指定されない場合は、GUCパラメータをリセットする。 */
-       if ((hint = find_scan_hint(root, rel)) == NULL)
+       /* This table doesn't have a parent hint. Apply its own hint if any. */
+       if ((hint = find_scan_hint(root, rel->relid, rel)) != NULL)
+       {
+               set_scan_config_options(hint->enforce_mask, current_hint->context);
+               hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_USED;
+
+               delete_indexes(hint, rel, InvalidOid);
+
+               if (debug_level > 1)
+                       ereport(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
+                                       (errhidestmt(true),
+                                        errmsg ("pg_hint_plan%s: get_relation_info"
+                                                        " index deletion:"
+                                                        " relation=%u(%s), inhparent=%d, current_hint=%p,"
+                                                        " hint_inhibit_level=%d, scanmask=0x%x",
+                                                        qnostr, relationObjectId,
+                                                        get_rel_name(relationObjectId),
+                                                        inhparent, current_hint, hint_inhibit_level,
+                                                        hint->enforce_mask)));
+       }
+       else
        {
+               if (debug_level > 1)
+                       ereport(pg_hint_plan_message_level,
+                                       (errhidestmt (true),
+                                        errmsg ("pg_hint_plan%s: get_relation_info"
+                                                        " no hint applied:"
+                                                        " relation=%u(%s), inhparent=%d, current_hint=%p,"
+                                                        " hint_inhibit_level=%d, scanmask=0x%x",
+                                                        qnostr, relationObjectId,
+                                                        get_rel_name(relationObjectId),
+                                                        inhparent, current_hint, hint_inhibit_level,
+                                                        current_hint->init_scan_mask)));
                set_scan_config_options(current_hint->init_scan_mask,
                                                                current_hint->context);
-               return;
        }
-       set_scan_config_options(hint->enforce_mask, current_hint->context);
-       hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_USED;
-       if (inhparent)
-               current_hint->parent_hint = hint;
-
-       delete_indexes(hint, rel);
+       return;
 }
 
 /*
- * aliasnameがクエリ中に指定した別名と一致する場合は、そのインデックスを返し、一
- * 致する別名がなければ0を返す。
- * aliasnameがクエリ中に複数回指定された場合は、-1を返す。
+ * Return index of relation which matches given aliasname, or 0 if not found.
+ * If same aliasname was used multiple times in a query, return -1.
  */
 static int
 find_relid_aliasname(PlannerInfo *root, char *aliasname, List *initial_rels,
@@ -1907,9 +3362,9 @@ find_relid_aliasname(PlannerInfo *root, char *aliasname, List *initial_rels,
 
                        if (found != 0)
                        {
-                               parse_ereport(str,
-                                                         ("Relation name \"%s\" is ambiguous.",
-                                                          aliasname));
+                               hint_ereport(str,
+                                                        ("Relation name \"%s\" is ambiguous.",
+                                                         aliasname));
                                return -1;
                        }
 
@@ -1923,7 +3378,7 @@ find_relid_aliasname(PlannerInfo *root, char *aliasname, List *initial_rels,
 }
 
 /*
- * relidビットマスクと一致するヒントを探す
+ * Return join hint which matches given joinrelids.
  */
 static JoinMethodHint *
 find_join_hint(Relids joinrelids)
@@ -1944,148 +3399,366 @@ find_join_hint(Relids joinrelids)
        return NULL;
 }
 
+static Relids
+OuterInnerJoinCreate(OuterInnerRels *outer_inner, LeadingHint *leading_hint,
+       PlannerInfo *root, List *initial_rels, HintState *hstate, int nbaserel)
+{
+       OuterInnerRels *outer_rels;
+       OuterInnerRels *inner_rels;
+       Relids                  outer_relids;
+       Relids                  inner_relids;
+       Relids                  join_relids;
+       JoinMethodHint *hint;
+
+       if (outer_inner->relation != NULL)
+       {
+               return bms_make_singleton(
+                                       find_relid_aliasname(root, outer_inner->relation,
+                                                                                initial_rels,
+                                                                                leading_hint->base.hint_str));
+       }
+
+       outer_rels = lfirst(outer_inner->outer_inner_pair->head);
+       inner_rels = lfirst(outer_inner->outer_inner_pair->tail);
+
+       outer_relids = OuterInnerJoinCreate(outer_rels,
+                                                                               leading_hint,
+                                                                               root,
+                                                                               initial_rels,
+                                                                               hstate,
+                                                                               nbaserel);
+       inner_relids = OuterInnerJoinCreate(inner_rels,
+                                                                               leading_hint,
+                                                                               root,
+                                                                               initial_rels,
+                                                                               hstate,
+                                                                               nbaserel);
+
+       join_relids = bms_add_members(outer_relids, inner_relids);
+
+       if (bms_num_members(join_relids) > nbaserel)
+               return join_relids;
+
+       /*
+        * If we don't have join method hint, create new one for the
+        * join combination with all join methods are enabled.
+        */
+       hint = find_join_hint(join_relids);
+       if (hint == NULL)
+       {
+               /*
+                * Here relnames is not set, since Relids bitmap is sufficient to
+                * control paths of this query afterward.
+                */
+               hint = (JoinMethodHint *) JoinMethodHintCreate(
+                                       leading_hint->base.hint_str,
+                                       HINT_LEADING,
+                                       HINT_KEYWORD_LEADING);
+               hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_USED;
+               hint->nrels = bms_num_members(join_relids);
+               hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_ALL_JOIN;
+               hint->joinrelids = bms_copy(join_relids);
+               hint->inner_nrels = bms_num_members(inner_relids);
+               hint->inner_joinrelids = bms_copy(inner_relids);
+
+               hstate->join_hint_level[hint->nrels] =
+                       lappend(hstate->join_hint_level[hint->nrels], hint);
+       }
+       else
+       {
+               hint->inner_nrels = bms_num_members(inner_relids);
+               hint->inner_joinrelids = bms_copy(inner_relids);
+       }
+
+       return join_relids;
+}
+
+static Relids
+create_bms_of_relids(Hint *base, PlannerInfo *root, List *initial_rels,
+               int nrels, char **relnames)
+{
+       int             relid;
+       Relids  relids = NULL;
+       int             j;
+       char   *relname;
+
+       for (j = 0; j < nrels; j++)
+       {
+               relname = relnames[j];
+
+               relid = find_relid_aliasname(root, relname, initial_rels,
+                                                                        base->hint_str);
+
+               if (relid == -1)
+                       base->state = HINT_STATE_ERROR;
+
+               /*
+                * the aliasname is not found(relid == 0) or same aliasname was used
+                * multiple times in a query(relid == -1)
+                */
+               if (relid <= 0)
+               {
+                       relids = NULL;
+                       break;
+               }
+               if (bms_is_member(relid, relids))
+               {
+                       hint_ereport(base->hint_str,
+                                                ("Relation name \"%s\" is duplicated.", relname));
+                       base->state = HINT_STATE_ERROR;
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               relids = bms_add_member(relids, relid);
+       }
+       return relids;
+}
 /*
- * 結合方式のヒントを使用しやすい構造に変換する。
+ * Transform join method hint into handy form.
+ *
+ *   - create bitmap of relids from alias names, to make it easier to check
+ *     whether a join path matches a join method hint.
+ *   - add join method hints which are necessary to enforce join order
+ *     specified by Leading hint
  */
-static void
+static bool
 transform_join_hints(HintState *hstate, PlannerInfo *root, int nbaserel,
                List *initial_rels, JoinMethodHint **join_method_hints)
 {
        int                             i;
        int                             relid;
-       LeadingHint        *lhint;
        Relids                  joinrelids;
        int                             njoinrels;
        ListCell           *l;
+       char               *relname;
+       LeadingHint        *lhint = NULL;
 
+       /*
+        * Create bitmap of relids from alias names for each join method hint.
+        * Bitmaps are more handy than strings in join searching.
+        */
        for (i = 0; i < hstate->num_hints[HINT_TYPE_JOIN_METHOD]; i++)
        {
                JoinMethodHint *hint = hstate->join_hints[i];
-               int     j;
 
                if (!hint_state_enabled(hint) || hint->nrels > nbaserel)
                        continue;
 
-               bms_free(hint->joinrelids);
-               hint->joinrelids = NULL;
+               hint->joinrelids = create_bms_of_relids(&(hint->base), root,
+                                                                        initial_rels, hint->nrels, hint->relnames);
+
+               if (hint->joinrelids == NULL || hint->base.state == HINT_STATE_ERROR)
+                       continue;
+
+               hstate->join_hint_level[hint->nrels] =
+                       lappend(hstate->join_hint_level[hint->nrels], hint);
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Create bitmap of relids from alias names for each rows hint.
+        * Bitmaps are more handy than strings in join searching.
+        */
+       for (i = 0; i < hstate->num_hints[HINT_TYPE_ROWS]; i++)
+       {
+               RowsHint *hint = hstate->rows_hints[i];
+
+               if (!hint_state_enabled(hint) || hint->nrels > nbaserel)
+                       continue;
+
+               hint->joinrelids = create_bms_of_relids(&(hint->base), root,
+                                                                        initial_rels, hint->nrels, hint->relnames);
+       }
+
+       /* Do nothing if no Leading hint was supplied. */
+       if (hstate->num_hints[HINT_TYPE_LEADING] == 0)
+               return false;
+
+       /*
+        * Decide to use Leading hint。
+        */
+       for (i = 0; i < hstate->num_hints[HINT_TYPE_LEADING]; i++)
+       {
+               LeadingHint        *leading_hint = (LeadingHint *)hstate->leading_hint[i];
+               Relids                  relids;
+
+               if (leading_hint->base.state == HINT_STATE_ERROR)
+                       continue;
+
                relid = 0;
-               for (j = 0; j < hint->nrels; j++)
+               relids = NULL;
+
+               foreach(l, leading_hint->relations)
                {
-                       char   *relname = hint->relnames[j];
+                       relname = (char *)lfirst(l);;
 
                        relid = find_relid_aliasname(root, relname, initial_rels,
-                                                                                hint->base.hint_str);
-
+                                                                                leading_hint->base.hint_str);
                        if (relid == -1)
-                               hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_ERROR;
+                               leading_hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_ERROR;
 
                        if (relid <= 0)
                                break;
 
-                       if (bms_is_member(relid, hint->joinrelids))
+                       if (bms_is_member(relid, relids))
                        {
-                               parse_ereport(hint->base.hint_str,
-                                                         ("Relation name \"%s\" is duplicated.", relname));
-                               hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_ERROR;
+                               hint_ereport(leading_hint->base.hint_str,
+                                                        ("Relation name \"%s\" is duplicated.", relname));
+                               leading_hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_ERROR;
                                break;
                        }
 
-                       hint->joinrelids = bms_add_member(hint->joinrelids, relid);
+                       relids = bms_add_member(relids, relid);
                }
 
-               if (relid <= 0 || hint->base.state == HINT_STATE_ERROR)
+               if (relid <= 0 || leading_hint->base.state == HINT_STATE_ERROR)
                        continue;
 
-               hstate->join_hint_level[hint->nrels] =
-                       lappend(hstate->join_hint_level[hint->nrels], hint);
+               if (lhint != NULL)
+               {
+                       hint_ereport(lhint->base.hint_str,
+                                ("Conflict %s hint.", HintTypeName[lhint->base.type]));
+                       lhint->base.state = HINT_STATE_DUPLICATION;
+               }
+               leading_hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_USED;
+               lhint = leading_hint;
        }
 
+       /* check to exist Leading hint marked with 'used'. */
+       if (lhint == NULL)
+               return false;
+
        /*
-        * 有効なLeading ヒントが指定されている場合は、結合順にあわせて join method
-        * hint のフォーマットに変換する。
+        * We need join method hints which fit specified join order in every join
+        * level.  For example, Leading(A B C) virtually requires following join
+        * method hints, if no join method hint supplied:
+        *   - level 1: none
+        *   - level 2: NestLoop(A B), MergeJoin(A B), HashJoin(A B)
+        *   - level 3: NestLoop(A B C), MergeJoin(A B C), HashJoin(A B C)
+        *
+        * If we already have join method hint which fits specified join order in
+        * that join level, we leave it as-is and don't add new hints.
         */
-       if (hstate->num_hints[HINT_TYPE_LEADING] == 0)
-               return;
-
-       lhint = hstate->leading_hint;
-       if (!hint_state_enabled(lhint))
-               return;
-
-       /* Leading hint は、全ての join 方式が有効な hint として登録する */
        joinrelids = NULL;
        njoinrels = 0;
-       foreach(l, lhint->relations)
+       if (lhint->outer_inner == NULL)
        {
-               char   *relname = (char *)lfirst(l);
-               JoinMethodHint *hint;
-
-               relid =
-                       find_relid_aliasname(root, relname, initial_rels,
-                                                                hstate->hint_str);
-
-               if (relid == -1)
+               foreach(l, lhint->relations)
                {
-                       bms_free(joinrelids);
-                       return;
-               }
+                       JoinMethodHint *hint;
 
-               if (relid == 0)
-                       continue;
+                       relname = (char *)lfirst(l);
 
-               if (bms_is_member(relid, joinrelids))
-               {
-                       parse_ereport(lhint->base.hint_str,
-                                                 ("Relation name \"%s\" is duplicated.", relname));
-                       lhint->base.state = HINT_STATE_ERROR;
-                       bms_free(joinrelids);
-                       return;
-               }
+                       /*
+                        * Find relid of the relation which has given name.  If we have the
+                        * name given in Leading hint multiple times in the join, nothing to
+                        * do.
+                        */
+                       relid = find_relid_aliasname(root, relname, initial_rels,
+                                                                                hstate->hint_str);
 
-               joinrelids = bms_add_member(joinrelids, relid);
-               njoinrels++;
+                       /* Create bitmap of relids for current join level. */
+                       joinrelids = bms_add_member(joinrelids, relid);
+                       njoinrels++;
 
-               if (njoinrels < 2)
-                       continue;
+                       /* We never have join method hint for single relation. */
+                       if (njoinrels < 2)
+                               continue;
 
-               hint = find_join_hint(joinrelids);
-               if (hint == NULL)
-               {
                        /*
-                        * Here relnames is not set, since Relids bitmap is sufficient to
-                        * control paths of this query afterwards.
+                        * If we don't have join method hint, create new one for the
+                        * join combination with all join methods are enabled.
                         */
-                       hint = (JoinMethodHint *) JoinMethodHintCreate(lhint->base.hint_str,
-                                                                                                                  HINT_LEADING);
-                       hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_USED;
-                       hint->nrels = njoinrels;
-                       hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_ALL_JOIN;
-                       hint->joinrelids = bms_copy(joinrelids);
-               }
+                       hint = find_join_hint(joinrelids);
+                       if (hint == NULL)
+                       {
+                               /*
+                                * Here relnames is not set, since Relids bitmap is sufficient
+                                * to control paths of this query afterward.
+                                */
+                               hint = (JoinMethodHint *) JoinMethodHintCreate(
+                                                                                       lhint->base.hint_str,
+                                                                                       HINT_LEADING,
+                                                                                       HINT_KEYWORD_LEADING);
+                               hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_USED;
+                               hint->nrels = njoinrels;
+                               hint->enforce_mask = ENABLE_ALL_JOIN;
+                               hint->joinrelids = bms_copy(joinrelids);
+                       }
 
-               join_method_hints[njoinrels] = hint;
+                       join_method_hints[njoinrels] = hint;
 
-               if (njoinrels >= nbaserel)
-                       break;
-       }
+                       if (njoinrels >= nbaserel)
+                               break;
+               }
+               bms_free(joinrelids);
 
-       bms_free(joinrelids);
+               if (njoinrels < 2)
+                       return false;
 
-       if (njoinrels < 2)
-               return;
+               /*
+                * Delete all join hints which have different combination from Leading
+                * hint.
+                */
+               for (i = 2; i <= njoinrels; i++)
+               {
+                       list_free(hstate->join_hint_level[i]);
 
-       for (i = 2; i <= njoinrels; i++)
+                       hstate->join_hint_level[i] = lappend(NIL, join_method_hints[i]);
+               }
+       }
+       else
        {
-               /* Leading で指定した組み合わせ以外の join hint を削除する */
-               list_free(hstate->join_hint_level[i]);
+               joinrelids = OuterInnerJoinCreate(lhint->outer_inner,
+                                                                                 lhint,
+                                          root,
+                                          initial_rels,
+                                                                                 hstate,
+                                                                                 nbaserel);
+
+               njoinrels = bms_num_members(joinrelids);
+               Assert(njoinrels >= 2);
+
+               /*
+                * Delete all join hints which have different combination from Leading
+                * hint.
+                */
+               for (i = 2;i <= njoinrels; i++)
+               {
+                       if (hstate->join_hint_level[i] != NIL)
+                       {
+                               ListCell *prev = NULL;
+                               ListCell *next = NULL;
+                               for(l = list_head(hstate->join_hint_level[i]); l; l = next)
+                               {
+
+                                       JoinMethodHint *hint = (JoinMethodHint *)lfirst(l);
+
+                                       next = lnext(l);
+
+                                       if (hint->inner_nrels == 0 &&
+                                               !(bms_intersect(hint->joinrelids, joinrelids) == NULL ||
+                                                 bms_equal(bms_union(hint->joinrelids, joinrelids),
+                                                 hint->joinrelids)))
+                                       {
+                                               hstate->join_hint_level[i] =
+                                                       list_delete_cell(hstate->join_hint_level[i], l,
+                                                                                        prev);
+                                       }
+                                       else
+                                               prev = l;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
 
-               hstate->join_hint_level[i] = lappend(NIL, join_method_hints[i]);
+               bms_free(joinrelids);
        }
 
        if (hint_state_enabled(lhint))
+       {
                set_join_config_options(DISABLE_ALL_JOIN, current_hint->context);
-
-       lhint->base.state = HINT_STATE_USED;
-
+               return true;
+       }
+       return false;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2099,11 +3772,7 @@ static void
 set_plain_rel_pathlist(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, RangeTblEntry *rte)
 {
        /* Consider sequential scan */
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 90200
        add_path(rel, create_seqscan_path(root, rel, NULL));
-#else
-       add_path(rel, create_seqscan_path(root, rel));
-#endif
 
        /* Consider index scans */
        create_index_paths(root, rel);
@@ -2127,23 +3796,22 @@ rebuild_scan_path(HintState *hstate, PlannerInfo *root, int level,
                RangeTblEntry  *rte;
                ScanMethodHint *hint;
 
-               /*
-                * スキャン方式が選択できるリレーションのみ、スキャンパスを再生成する。
-                */
+               /* Skip relations which we can't choose scan method. */
                if (rel->reloptkind != RELOPT_BASEREL || rel->rtekind != RTE_RELATION)
                        continue;
 
                rte = root->simple_rte_array[rel->relid];
 
-               /* 外部表はスキャン方式が選択できない。 */
+               /* We can't force scan method of foreign tables */
                if (rte->relkind == RELKIND_FOREIGN_TABLE)
                        continue;
 
                /*
-                * scan method hint が指定されていなければ、初期値のGUCパラメータでscan
-                * path を再生成する。
+                * Create scan paths with GUC parameters which are at the beginning of
+                * planner if scan method hint is not specified, otherwise use
+                * specified hints and mark the hint as used.
                 */
-               if ((hint = find_scan_hint(root, rel)) == NULL)
+               if ((hint = find_scan_hint(root, rel->relid, rel)) == NULL)
                        set_scan_config_options(hstate->init_scan_mask,
                                                                        hstate->context);
                else
@@ -2172,10 +3840,10 @@ rebuild_scan_path(HintState *hstate, PlannerInfo *root, int level,
 }
 
 /*
- * make_join_rel() をラップする関数
+ * wrapper of make_join_rel()
  *
- * ヒントにしたがって、enabele_* パラメータを変更した上で、make_join_rel()を
- * 呼び出す。
+ * call make_join_rel() after changing enable_* parameters according to given
+ * hints.
  */
 static RelOptInfo *
 make_join_rel_wrapper(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel1, RelOptInfo *rel2)
@@ -2192,21 +3860,88 @@ make_join_rel_wrapper(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel1, RelOptInfo *rel2)
        if (!hint)
                return pg_hint_plan_make_join_rel(root, rel1, rel2);
 
-       save_nestlevel = NewGUCNestLevel();
+       if (hint->inner_nrels == 0)
+       {
+               save_nestlevel = NewGUCNestLevel();
 
-       set_join_config_options(hint->enforce_mask, current_hint->context);
+               set_join_config_options(hint->enforce_mask, current_hint->context);
 
-       rel = pg_hint_plan_make_join_rel(root, rel1, rel2);
-       hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_USED;
+               rel = pg_hint_plan_make_join_rel(root, rel1, rel2);
+               hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_USED;
 
-       /*
-        * Restore the GUC variables we set above.
-        */
-       AtEOXact_GUC(true, save_nestlevel);
+               /*
+                * Restore the GUC variables we set above.
+                */
+               AtEOXact_GUC(true, save_nestlevel);
+       }
+       else
+               rel = pg_hint_plan_make_join_rel(root, rel1, rel2);
 
        return rel;
 }
 
+/*
+ * TODO : comment
+ */
+static void
+add_paths_to_joinrel_wrapper(PlannerInfo *root,
+                                                        RelOptInfo *joinrel,
+                                                        RelOptInfo *outerrel,
+                                                        RelOptInfo *innerrel,
+                                                        JoinType jointype,
+                                                        SpecialJoinInfo *sjinfo,
+                                                        List *restrictlist)
+{
+       ScanMethodHint *scan_hint = NULL;
+       Relids                  joinrelids;
+       JoinMethodHint *join_hint;
+       int                             save_nestlevel;
+
+       if ((scan_hint = find_scan_hint(root, innerrel->relid, innerrel)) != NULL)
+       {
+               set_scan_config_options(scan_hint->enforce_mask, current_hint->context);
+               scan_hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_USED;
+       }
+
+       joinrelids = bms_union(outerrel->relids, innerrel->relids);
+       join_hint = find_join_hint(joinrelids);
+       bms_free(joinrelids);
+
+       if (join_hint && join_hint->inner_nrels != 0)
+       {
+               save_nestlevel = NewGUCNestLevel();
+
+               if (bms_equal(join_hint->inner_joinrelids, innerrel->relids))
+               {
+
+                       set_join_config_options(join_hint->enforce_mask,
+                                                                       current_hint->context);
+
+                       add_paths_to_joinrel(root, joinrel, outerrel, innerrel, jointype,
+                                                                sjinfo, restrictlist);
+                       join_hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_USED;
+               }
+               else
+               {
+                       set_join_config_options(DISABLE_ALL_JOIN, current_hint->context);
+                       add_paths_to_joinrel(root, joinrel, outerrel, innerrel, jointype,
+                                                                sjinfo, restrictlist);
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * Restore the GUC variables we set above.
+                */
+               AtEOXact_GUC(true, save_nestlevel);
+       }
+       else
+               add_paths_to_joinrel(root, joinrel, outerrel, innerrel, jointype,
+                                                        sjinfo, restrictlist);
+
+       if (scan_hint != NULL)
+               set_scan_config_options(current_hint->init_scan_mask,
+                                                               current_hint->context);
+}
+
 static int
 get_num_baserels(List *initial_rels)
 {
@@ -2224,7 +3959,7 @@ get_num_baserels(List *initial_rels)
                else
                {
                        /* other values not expected here */
-                       elog(ERROR, "Unrecognized reloptkind type: %d", rel->reloptkind);
+                       elog(ERROR, "unrecognized reloptkind type: %d", rel->reloptkind);
                }
        }
 
@@ -2235,16 +3970,18 @@ static RelOptInfo *
 pg_hint_plan_join_search(PlannerInfo *root, int levels_needed,
                                                 List *initial_rels)
 {
-       JoinMethodHint **join_method_hints;
-       int                     nbaserel;
-       RelOptInfo *rel;
-       int                     i;
+       JoinMethodHint    **join_method_hints;
+       int                                     nbaserel;
+       RelOptInfo                 *rel;
+       int                                     i;
+       bool                            leading_hint_enable;
 
        /*
-        * pg_hint_planが無効、または有効なヒントが1つも指定されなかった場合は、標準
-        * の処理を行う。
+        * Use standard planner (or geqo planner) if pg_hint_plan is disabled or no
+        * valid hint is supplied or current nesting depth is nesting depth of SPI
+        * calls.
         */
-       if (!current_hint)
+       if (!current_hint || hint_inhibit_level > 0)
        {
                if (prev_join_search)
                        return (*prev_join_search) (root, levels_needed, initial_rels);
@@ -2258,9 +3995,8 @@ pg_hint_plan_join_search(PlannerInfo *root, int levels_needed,
        rebuild_scan_path(current_hint, root, levels_needed, initial_rels);
 
        /*
-        * GEQOを使用する条件を満たした場合は、GEQOを用いた結合方式の検索を行う。
-        * このとき、スキャン方式のヒントとSetヒントのみが有効になり、結合方式や結合
-        * 順序はヒント句は無効になりGEQOのアルゴリズムで決定される。
+        * In the case using GEQO, only scan method hints and Set hints have
+        * effect.  Join method and join order is not controllable by hints.
         */
        if (enable_geqo && levels_needed >= geqo_threshold)
                return geqo(root, levels_needed, initial_rels);
@@ -2269,8 +4005,8 @@ pg_hint_plan_join_search(PlannerInfo *root, int levels_needed,
        current_hint->join_hint_level = palloc0(sizeof(List *) * (nbaserel + 1));
        join_method_hints = palloc0(sizeof(JoinMethodHint *) * (nbaserel + 1));
 
-       transform_join_hints(current_hint, root, nbaserel, initial_rels,
-                                                join_method_hints);
+       leading_hint_enable = transform_join_hints(current_hint, root, nbaserel,
+                                                                                          initial_rels, join_method_hints);
 
        rel = pg_hint_plan_standard_join_search(root, levels_needed, initial_rels);
 
@@ -2286,8 +4022,7 @@ pg_hint_plan_join_search(PlannerInfo *root, int levels_needed,
        pfree(current_hint->join_hint_level);
        pfree(join_method_hints);
 
-       if (current_hint->num_hints[HINT_TYPE_LEADING] > 0 &&
-               hint_state_enabled(current_hint->leading_hint))
+       if (leading_hint_enable)
                set_join_config_options(current_hint->init_join_mask,
                                                                current_hint->context);
 
@@ -2305,15 +4040,11 @@ static void
 set_rel_pathlist(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
                                 Index rti, RangeTblEntry *rte)
 {
-#if PG_VERSION_NUM >= 90200
        if (IS_DUMMY_REL(rel))
        {
                /* We already proved the relation empty, so nothing more to do */
        }
        else if (rte->inh)
-#else
-       if (rte->inh)
-#endif
        {
                /* It's an "append relation", process accordingly */
                set_append_rel_pathlist(root, rel, rti, rte);
@@ -2328,13 +4059,49 @@ set_rel_pathlist(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
                                set_plain_rel_pathlist(root, rel, rte);
                        }
                        else
-                               elog(ERROR, "Unexpected relkind: %c", rte->relkind);
+                               elog(ERROR, "unexpected relkind: %c", rte->relkind);
                }
                else
-                       elog(ERROR, "Unexpected rtekind: %d", (int) rel->rtekind);
+                       elog(ERROR, "unexpected rtekind: %d", (int) rel->rtekind);
        }
 }
 
+/*
+ * stmt_beg callback is called when each query in PL/pgSQL function is about
+ * to be executed.  At that timing, we save query string in the global variable
+ * plpgsql_query_string to use it in planner hook.  It's safe to use one global
+ * variable for the purpose, because its content is only necessary until
+ * planner hook is called for the query, so recursive PL/pgSQL function calls
+ * don't harm this mechanism.
+ */
+static void
+pg_hint_plan_plpgsql_stmt_beg(PLpgSQL_execstate *estate, PLpgSQL_stmt *stmt)
+{
+       plpgsql_recurse_level++;
+}
+
+/*
+ * stmt_end callback is called then each query in PL/pgSQL function has
+ * finished.  At that timing, we clear plpgsql_query_string to tell planner
+ * hook that next call is not for a query written in PL/pgSQL block.
+ */
+static void
+pg_hint_plan_plpgsql_stmt_end(PLpgSQL_execstate *estate, PLpgSQL_stmt *stmt)
+{
+       plpgsql_recurse_level--;
+}
+
+void plpgsql_query_erase_callback(ResourceReleasePhase phase,
+                                                                 bool isCommit,
+                                                                 bool isTopLevel,
+                                                                 void *arg)
+{
+       if (phase != RESOURCE_RELEASE_AFTER_LOCKS)
+               return;
+       /* Cancel plpgsql nest level*/
+       plpgsql_recurse_level = 0;
+}
+
 #define standard_join_search pg_hint_plan_standard_join_search
 #define join_search_one_level pg_hint_plan_join_search_one_level
 #define make_join_rel make_join_rel_wrapper
@@ -2342,16 +4109,7 @@ set_rel_pathlist(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
 
 #undef make_join_rel
 #define make_join_rel pg_hint_plan_make_join_rel
-#define add_paths_to_joinrel(root, joinrel, outerrel, innerrel, jointype, sjinfo, restrictlist) \
-do { \
-       ScanMethodHint *hint = NULL; \
-       if ((hint = find_scan_hint((root), (innerrel))) != NULL) \
-       { \
-               set_scan_config_options(hint->enforce_mask, current_hint->context); \
-               hint->base.state = HINT_STATE_USED; \
-       } \
-       add_paths_to_joinrel((root), (joinrel), (outerrel), (innerrel), (jointype), (sjinfo), (restrictlist)); \
-       if (hint != NULL) \
-               set_scan_config_options(current_hint->init_scan_mask, current_hint->context); \
-} while(0)
+#define add_paths_to_joinrel add_paths_to_joinrel_wrapper
 #include "make_join_rel.c"
+
+#include "pg_stat_statements.c"