msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-08-15 19:31+0900\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-04-24 00:51+0900\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:25 build/C/man7/libc.7:26 build/C/man7/man.7:34 build/C/man7/standards.7:26 build/C/man7/units.7:26
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:25
#, no-wrap
-msgid "2012-08-05"
+msgid "2014-03-20"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:25 build/C/man1/intro.1:28 build/C/man2/intro.2:29 build/C/man3/intro.3:26 build/C/man4/intro.4:26 build/C/man5/intro.5:27 build/C/man6/intro.6:26 build/C/man7/intro.7:28 build/C/man8/intro.8:29 build/C/man7/libc.7:26 build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:27 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:30 build/C/man7/man.7:34 build/C/man7/mdoc.7:44 build/C/man7/operator.7:40 build/C/man5/proc.5:62 build/C/man7/standards.7:26 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:40 build/C/man3/undocumented.3:29 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:26 build/C/man7/units.7:26
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:25 build/C/man1/intro.1:28 build/C/man2/intro.2:29 build/C/man3/intro.3:26 build/C/man4/intro.4:26 build/C/man5/intro.5:27 build/C/man6/intro.6:26 build/C/man7/intro.7:28 build/C/man8/intro.8:29 build/C/man7/libc.7:26 build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:27 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:30 build/C/man7/man.7:34 build/C/man7/mdoc.7:44 build/C/man7/operator.7:40 build/C/man5/proc.5:62 build/C/man7/standards.7:24 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:39 build/C/man3/undocumented.3:29 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:26 build/C/man7/units.7:26
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:25 build/C/man2/intro.2:29 build/C/man3/intro.3:26 build/C/man4/intro.4:26 build/C/man5/intro.5:27 build/C/man6/intro.6:26 build/C/man7/intro.7:28 build/C/man8/intro.8:29 build/C/man7/libc.7:26 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:30 build/C/man7/man.7:34 build/C/man7/operator.7:40 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:24 build/C/man5/proc.5:62 build/C/man7/standards.7:26 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:40 build/C/man3/undocumented.3:29 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:26 build/C/man7/units.7:26
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:25 build/C/man2/intro.2:29 build/C/man3/intro.3:26 build/C/man4/intro.4:26 build/C/man5/intro.5:27 build/C/man6/intro.6:26 build/C/man7/intro.7:28 build/C/man8/intro.8:29 build/C/man7/libc.7:26 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:30 build/C/man7/man.7:34 build/C/man7/operator.7:40 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:24 build/C/man5/proc.5:62 build/C/man7/standards.7:24 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:39 build/C/man3/undocumented.3:29 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:26 build/C/man7/units.7:26
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual"
msgstr ""
#. type: Sh
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:26 build/C/man1/intro.1:29 build/C/man2/intro.2:30 build/C/man3/intro.3:27 build/C/man4/intro.4:27 build/C/man5/intro.5:28 build/C/man6/intro.6:27 build/C/man7/intro.7:29 build/C/man8/intro.8:30 build/C/man7/libc.7:27 build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:29 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:31 build/C/man7/man.7:35 build/C/man7/mdoc.7:45 build/C/man7/operator.7:41 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:25 build/C/man5/proc.5:63 build/C/man7/standards.7:27 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:41 build/C/man3/undocumented.3:30 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:27 build/C/man7/units.7:27 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:46
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:26 build/C/man1/intro.1:29 build/C/man2/intro.2:30 build/C/man3/intro.3:27 build/C/man4/intro.4:27 build/C/man5/intro.5:28 build/C/man6/intro.6:27 build/C/man7/intro.7:29 build/C/man8/intro.8:30 build/C/man7/libc.7:27 build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:29 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:31 build/C/man7/man.7:35 build/C/man7/mdoc.7:45 build/C/man7/operator.7:41 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:25 build/C/man5/proc.5:63 build/C/man7/standards.7:25 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:40 build/C/man3/undocumented.3:30 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:27 build/C/man7/units.7:27 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:46
#, no-wrap
msgid "NAME"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Sh
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:32 build/C/man1/intro.1:31 build/C/man2/intro.2:32 build/C/man3/intro.3:29 build/C/man4/intro.4:29 build/C/man5/intro.5:30 build/C/man6/intro.6:29 build/C/man7/intro.7:31 build/C/man8/intro.8:32 build/C/man7/libc.7:29 build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:31 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:37 build/C/man7/man.7:49 build/C/man7/mdoc.7:54 build/C/man7/operator.7:43 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:27 build/C/man5/proc.5:65 build/C/man7/standards.7:29 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:43 build/C/man3/undocumented.3:34 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:33 build/C/man7/units.7:29 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:54
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:32 build/C/man1/intro.1:31 build/C/man2/intro.2:32 build/C/man3/intro.3:29 build/C/man4/intro.4:29 build/C/man5/intro.5:30 build/C/man6/intro.6:29 build/C/man7/intro.7:31 build/C/man8/intro.8:32 build/C/man7/libc.7:29 build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:31 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:37 build/C/man7/man.7:49 build/C/man7/mdoc.7:54 build/C/man7/operator.7:43 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:27 build/C/man5/proc.5:65 build/C/man7/standards.7:27 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:42 build/C/man3/undocumented.3:34 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:33 build/C/man7/units.7:29 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:54
#, no-wrap
msgid "DESCRIPTION"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:147 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:178
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:147 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:180
msgid "Defining this macro causes header files to expose definitions as follows:"
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:148 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:151 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:154 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:158 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:161 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:165 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:179 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:182 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:185 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:189 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:414 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:419 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:425 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:430 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:436 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:441 build/C/man5/proc.5:2569 build/C/man5/proc.5:2571 build/C/man5/proc.5:2573 build/C/man5/proc.5:2576
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:148 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:151 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:154 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:158 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:161 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:167 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:181 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:184 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:187 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:191 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:210 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:213 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:543 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:548 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:554 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:559 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:565 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:570 build/C/man5/proc.5:2858 build/C/man5/proc.5:2860 build/C/man5/proc.5:2862 build/C/man5/proc.5:2865
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\(bu"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:165
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:167
msgid ""
-"(Since glibc 2.3.3) The value 200112L or greater exposes definitions "
-"corresponding to the POSIX.1-2001 base specification (excluding the XSI "
-"extension)."
+"(Since glibc 2.3.3) The value 200112L or greater additionally exposes "
+"definitions corresponding to the POSIX.1-2001 base specification (excluding "
+"the XSI extension) and also causes C95 (since glibc 2.12) and C99 (since "
+"glibc 2.10) features to be exposed."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:169
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:171
msgid ""
-"(Since glibc 2.10) The value 200809L or greater exposes definitions "
-"corresponding to the POSIX.1-2008 base specification (excluding the XSI "
-"extension)."
+"(Since glibc 2.10) The value 200809L or greater additionally exposes "
+"definitions corresponding to the POSIX.1-2008 base specification (excluding "
+"the XSI extension)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:170
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:172
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_POSIX_SOURCE>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:175
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:177
msgid ""
"Defining this obsolete macro with any value is equivalent to defining "
"B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE> with the value 1."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:175
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:177
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_XOPEN_SOURCE>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:182
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:184
msgid ""
"Defining with any value exposes definitions conforming to POSIX.1, POSIX.2, "
"and XPG4."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:185
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:187
msgid ""
"The value 500 or greater additionally exposes definitions for SUSv2 (UNIX "
"98)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:189
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:191
msgid ""
"(Since glibc 2.2) The value 600 or greater additionally exposes definitions "
"for SUSv3 (UNIX 03; i.e., the POSIX.1-2001 base specification plus the XSI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:193
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:195
msgid ""
"(Since glibc 2.10) The value 700 or greater additionally exposes definitions "
"for SUSv4 (i.e., the POSIX.1-2008 base specification plus the XSI "
"extension)."
msgstr ""
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:209
+msgid ""
+"If B<__STRICT_ANSI__> is not defined, or B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> is defined with a "
+"value greater than or equal to 500 I<and> neither B<_POSIX_SOURCE> not "
+"B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE> is explicitly defined, then the following macros are "
+"implicitly defined:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:213
+msgid "B<_POSIX_SOURCE> is defined with the value 1."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:217
+msgid "B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE> is defined, according to the value of B<_XOPEN_SOURCE>:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:218
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> E<lt> 500"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:222
+msgid "B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE> is defined with the value 2."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:222
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "500 E<lt>= B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> E<lt> 600"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:226
+msgid "B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE> is defined with the value 199506L."
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:194
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:226
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "600 E<lt>= B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> E<lt> 700"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:230
+msgid "B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE> is defined with the value 200112L."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:230
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "700 E<lt>= B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> (since glibc 2.10)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:234
+msgid "B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE> is defined with the value 200809L."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:236
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:203
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:245
msgid ""
"If this macro is defined, and B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> is defined, then expose "
"definitions corresponding to the XPG4v2 (SUSv1) UNIX extensions (UNIX 95). "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:203
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:245
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<_ISOC95_SOURCE>"
+msgid "B<_ISOC99_SOURCE> (since glibc 2.1.3)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:213
-msgid ""
-"Exposes ISO C (1990) Amendment 1 definitions (also known as C95). This "
-"macro is recognized since glibc 2.12. The primary change in C95 was support "
-"for international character sets. The C95 changes were included in the "
-"subsequent C99 standard (in other words, B<_ISOC99_SOURCE> implies "
-"B<_ISOC95_SOURCE>)."
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:248
+msgid "Exposes declarations consistent with the ISO C99 standard."
msgstr ""
-#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:213
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<_ISOC99_SOURCE>"
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:254
+msgid ""
+"Earlier glibc 2.1.x versions recognized an equivalent macro named "
+"B<_ISOC9X_SOURCE> (because the C99 standard had not then been finalized). "
+"Although the use of this macro is obsolete, glibc continues to recognize it "
+"for backward compatibility."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:222
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:259
msgid ""
-"Exposes C99 extensions to ISO C (1990). This macro is recognized since "
-"glibc 2.1.3; earlier glibc 2.1.x versions recognized an equivalent macro "
-"named B<_ISOC9X_SOURCE> (because the C99 standard had not then been "
-"finalized). Although the use of the latter macro is obsolete, glibc "
-"continues to recognize it for backward compatibility."
+"Defining B<_ISOC99_SOURCE> also exposes ISO C (1990) Amendment 1 (\"C95\") "
+"definitions. (The primary change in C95 was support for international "
+"character sets.)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:222
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:259
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<_ISOC11_SOURCE>"
+msgid "B<_ISOC11_SOURCE> (since glibc 2.16)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:226
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:264
msgid ""
-"Exposes declarations consistent with the ISO C11 standard. This macro is "
-"recognized since glibc 2.16."
+"Exposes declarations consistent with the ISO C11 standard. Defining this "
+"macro also enables C99 and C95 features (like B<_ISOC99_SOURCE>)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:226
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:264
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:247
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:285
msgid ""
"Expose definitions for the alternative API specified by the LFS (Large File "
"Summit) as a \"transitional extension\" to the Single UNIX Specification. "
-"(See E<.UR http:\\:/\\:/opengroup.org\\:/platform\\:/lfs.html> E<.UE )> The "
+"(See E<.UR http:\\:/\\:/opengroup.org\\:/platform\\:/lfs.html> E<.UE .)> The "
"alternative API consists of a set of new objects (i.e., functions and types) "
"whose names are suffixed with \"64\" (e.g., I<off64_t> versus I<off_t>, "
"B<lseek64>() versus B<lseek>(), etc.). New programs should not employ this "
-"interface; instead I<_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64> should be employed."
+"macro; instead I<_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64> should be employed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:285
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<_LARGEFILE_SOURCE>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:307
+msgid ""
+"This macro was historically used to expose certain functions (specifically "
+"B<fseeko>(3) and B<ftello>(3)) that address limitations of earlier APIs "
+"(B<feek>(3) and B<ftell>(3)) that use I<long int> for file offsets. This "
+"macro is implicitly defined if B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> is defined with a value "
+"greater than or equal to 500. New programs should not employ this macro; "
+"defining B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> as just described or defining B<_FILE_OFFSET_BITS> "
+"with the value 64 is the preferred mechanism to achieve the same result."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:247
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:307
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_FILE_OFFSET_BITS>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:259
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:317
msgid ""
"Defining this macro with the value 64 automatically converts references to "
-"32-bit functions and data types related to file I/O and file system "
+"32-bit functions and data types related to file I/O and filesystem "
"operations into references to their 64-bit counterparts. This is useful for "
"performing I/O on large files (E<gt> 2 Gigabytes) on 32-bit systems. "
"(Defining this macro permits correctly written programs to use large files "
-"with only a recompilation being required.) 64-bit systems naturally permit "
-"file sizes greater than 2 Gigabytes, and on those systems this macro has no "
-"effect."
+"with only a recompilation being required.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:320
+msgid ""
+"64-bit systems naturally permit file sizes greater than 2 Gigabytes, and on "
+"those systems this macro has no effect."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:259
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:320
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<_BSD_SOURCE>"
+msgid "B<_BSD_SOURCE> (deprecated since glibc 2.20)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:273
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:324
msgid ""
"Defining this macro with any value causes header files to expose BSD-derived "
-"definitions. Defining this macro also causes BSD definitions to be "
-"preferred in some situations where standards conflict, unless one or more of "
-"B<_SVID_SOURCE>, B<_POSIX_SOURCE>, B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE>, B<_XOPEN_SOURCE>, "
-"B<_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED>, or B<_GNU_SOURCE> is defined, in which case BSD "
-"definitions are disfavored."
+"definitions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:339
+msgid ""
+"In glibc versions up to and including 2.18, defining this macro also causes "
+"BSD definitions to be preferred in some situations where standards conflict, "
+"unless one or more of B<_SVID_SOURCE>, B<_POSIX_SOURCE>, B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE>, "
+"B<_XOPEN_SOURCE>, B<_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED>, or B<_GNU_SOURCE> is defined, "
+"in which case BSD definitions are disfavored. Since glibc 2.19, "
+"B<_BSD_SOURCE> no longer causes BSD definitions to be preferred in case of "
+"conflicts."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. commit c941736c92fa3a319221f65f6755659b2a5e0a20
+#. commit 498afc54dfee41d33ba519f496e96480badace8e
+#. commit acd7f096d79c181866d56d4aaf3b043e741f1e2c
+#. commit ade40b10ff5fa59a318cf55b9d8414b758e8df78
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:362
+msgid ""
+"Since glibc 2.20, this macro is deprecated. It now has the same effect as "
+"defining B<_DEFAULT_SOURCE>, but generates a compile-time warning (unless "
+"B<_DEFAULT_SOURCE> is also defined). Use B<_DEFAULT_SOURCE> instead. To "
+"allow code that requires B<_BSD_SOURCE> in glibc 2.19 and earlier and "
+"B<_DEFAULT_SOURCE> in glibc 2.20 and later to compile without warnings, "
+"define I<both> B<_BSD_SOURCE> and B<_DEFAULT_SOURCE>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:273
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:362
#, no-wrap
-msgid "B<_SVID_SOURCE>"
+msgid "B<_SVID_SOURCE> (deprecated since glibc 2.20)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:279
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:368
msgid ""
"Defining this macro with any value causes header files to expose System "
"V-derived definitions. (SVID == System V Interface Definition; see "
"B<standards>(7).)"
msgstr ""
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:371
+msgid ""
+"Since glibc 2.20, this macro is deprecated in the same fashion as "
+"B<_BSD_SOURCE>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:371
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<_DEFAULT_SOURCE> (since glibc 2.19)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:383
+msgid ""
+"This macro can be defined to ensure that the \"default\" definitions are "
+"provided even when the defaults would otherwise be disabled, as happens when "
+"individual macros are explicitly defined, or the compiler is invoked in one "
+"of its \"standard\" modes (e.g., I<cc\\ -std=c99>). Defining "
+"B<_DEFAULT_SOURCE> without defining other individual macros or invoking the "
+"compiler in one of its \"standard\" modes has no effect."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:388
+msgid ""
+"The \"default\" definitions comprise those required by POSIX.1-2008 as well "
+"as various definitions derived from BSD and System V. On glibc 2.19 and "
+"earlier, these defaults were approximately equivalent to explicitly defining "
+"the following:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:390
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " cc -D_BSD_SOURCE -D_SVID_SOURCE -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=200809\n"
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:279
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:391
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_ATFILE_SOURCE> (since glibc 2.4)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:288
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:400
msgid ""
"Defining this macro with any value causes header files to expose "
"declarations of a range of functions with the suffix \"at\"; see "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:288
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:400
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_GNU_SOURCE>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:310
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:419
+msgid ""
+"Defining this macro (with any value) implicitly defines B<_ATFILE_SOURCE>, "
+"B<_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE>, B<_ISOC99_SOURCE>, B<_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED>, "
+"B<_POSIX_SOURCE>, B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE> with the value 200809L (200112L in "
+"glibc versions before 2.10; 199506L in glibc versions before 2.5; 199309L in "
+"glibc versions before 2.1) and B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> with the value 700 (600 in "
+"glibc versions before 2.10; 500 in glibc versions before 2.2). In addition, "
+"various GNU-specific extensions are also exposed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:430
msgid ""
-"Defining this macro (with any value) is equivalent to defining "
-"B<_BSD_SOURCE>, B<_SVID_SOURCE>, B<_ATFILE_SOURCE>, B<_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE>, "
-"B<_ISOC99_SOURCE>, B<_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED>, B<_POSIX_SOURCE>, "
-"B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE> with the value 200809L (200112L in glibc versions before "
-"2.10; 199506L in glibc versions before 2.5; 199309L in glibc versions before "
-"2.1) and B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> with the value 700 (600 in glibc versions before "
-"2.10; 500 in glibc versions before 2.2). In addition, various GNU-specific "
-"extensions are also exposed. Where standards conflict, BSD definitions are "
-"disfavored."
+"Since glibc 2.19, defining B<_GNU_SOURCE> also has the effect of implicitly "
+"defining B<_DEFAULT_SOURCE>. In glibc versions before 2.20, defining "
+"B<_GNU_SOURCE> also had the effect of implicitly defining B<_BSD_SOURCE> and "
+"B<_SVID_SOURCE>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:310
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:430
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_REENTRANT>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:316
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:436
msgid ""
"Defining this macro exposes definitions of certain reentrant functions. For "
"multithreaded programs, use I<cc\\ -pthread> instead."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:316
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:436
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_THREAD_SAFE>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:321
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:441
msgid ""
"Synonym for B<_REENTRANT>, provided for compatibility with some other "
"implementations."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:321
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:441
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<_FORTIFY_SOURCE> (since glibc 2.3.4)"
msgstr ""
#. * To: gcc-patches at gcc dot gnu dot org
#. * Date: Tue, 21 Sep 2004 04:16:40 -0400
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:367
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:453
msgid ""
"Defining this macro causes some lightweight checks to be performed to detect "
"some buffer overflow errors when employing various string and memory "
"manipulation functions. Not all buffer overflows are detected, just some "
-"common cases. In the current implementation checks are added for calls to "
-"B<memcpy>(3), B<mempcpy>(3), B<memmove>(3), B<memset>(3), B<stpcpy>(3), "
-"B<strcpy>(3), B<strncpy>(3), B<strcat>(3), B<strncat>(3), B<sprintf>(3), "
-"B<snprintf>(3), B<vsprintf>(3), B<vsnprintf>(3), and B<gets>(3). If "
-"B<_FORTIFY_SOURCE> is set to 1, with compiler optimization level 1 (I<gcc\\ "
-"-O1>) and above, checks that shouldn't change the behavior of conforming "
-"programs are performed. With B<_FORTIFY_SOURCE> set to 2 some more checking "
-"is added, but some conforming programs might fail. Some of the checks can "
-"be performed at compile time, and result in compiler warnings; other checks "
-"take place at run time, and result in a run-time error if the check fails. "
+"common cases."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:471
+msgid ""
+"In the current implementation, checks are added for calls to B<memcpy>(3), "
+"B<mempcpy>(3), B<memmove>(3), B<memset>(3), B<stpcpy>(3), B<strcpy>(3), "
+"B<strncpy>(3), B<strcat>(3), B<strncat>(3), B<sprintf>(3), B<snprintf>(3), "
+"B<vsprintf>(3), B<vsnprintf>(3), and B<gets>(3)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:486
+msgid ""
+"If B<_FORTIFY_SOURCE> is set to 1, with compiler optimization level 1 "
+"(I<gcc\\ -O1>) and above, checks that shouldn't change the behavior of "
+"conforming programs are performed. With B<_FORTIFY_SOURCE> set to 2 some "
+"more checking is added, but some conforming programs might fail. Some of "
+"the checks can be performed at compile time, and result in compiler "
+"warnings; other checks take place at run time, and result in a run-time "
+"error if the check fails."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:490
+msgid ""
"Use of this macro requires compiler support, available with B<gcc>(1) since "
"version 4.0."
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:367
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:490
#, no-wrap
msgid "Default definitions, implicit definitions, and combining definitions"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:379
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:506
msgid ""
"If no feature test macros are explicitly defined, then the following feature "
-"test macros are defined by default: B<_BSD_SOURCE>, B<_SVID_SOURCE>, "
-"B<_POSIX_SOURCE>, and B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE>=200809L (200112L in glibc versions "
-"before 2.10; 199506L in glibc versions before 2.4; 199309L in glibc versions "
-"before 2.1)."
+"test macros are defined by default: B<_BSD_SOURCE> (in glibc 2.19 and "
+"earlier), B<_SVID_SOURCE> (in glibc 2.19 and earlier), B<_DEFAULT_SOURCE> "
+"(since glibc 2.19), B<_POSIX_SOURCE>, and B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE>=200809L "
+"(200112L in glibc versions before 2.10; 199506L in glibc versions before "
+"2.4; 199309L in glibc versions before 2.1)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:395
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:525
msgid ""
"If any of B<__STRICT_ANSI__>, B<_ISOC99_SOURCE>, B<_POSIX_SOURCE>, "
"B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE>, B<_XOPEN_SOURCE>, B<_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED>, "
-"B<_BSD_SOURCE>, or B<_SVID_SOURCE> is explicitly defined, then "
-"B<_BSD_SOURCE>, and B<_SVID_SOURCE> are not defined by default."
+"B<_BSD_SOURCE> (in glibc 2.19 and earlier), or B<_SVID_SOURCE> (in glibc "
+"2.19 and earlier) is explicitly defined, then B<_BSD_SOURCE>, "
+"B<_SVID_SOURCE>, and B<_DEFAULT_SOURCE> are not defined by default."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:406
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:536
msgid ""
"If B<_POSIX_SOURCE> and B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE> are not explicitly defined, and "
"either B<__STRICT_ANSI__> is not defined or B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> is defined with "
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:407 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:410 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:359 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:361 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:363 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:559 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:562 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:569 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:573 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:577 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:581 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:587 build/C/man5/proc.5:753 build/C/man5/proc.5:757 build/C/man5/proc.5:760 build/C/man5/proc.5:762 build/C/man5/proc.5:765 build/C/man5/proc.5:1241 build/C/man5/proc.5:1244 build/C/man5/proc.5:1256 build/C/man5/proc.5:1259 build/C/man5/proc.5:1263 build/C/man5/proc.5:1266 build/C/man5/proc.5:1269 build/C/man5/proc.5:1272 build/C/man5/proc.5:1275 build/C/man5/proc.5:1278 build/C/man5/proc.5:1281 build/C/man5/proc.5:1284 build/C/man5/proc.5:1288 build/C/man5/proc.5:1291 build/C/man5/proc.5:1294 build/C/man5/proc.5:1297 build/C/man5/proc.5:1300 build/C/man5/proc.5:1303 build/C/man5/proc.5:1306 build/C/man5/proc.5:1317 build/C/man5/proc.5:1323 build/C/man5/proc.5:1327 build/C/man5/proc.5:1332 build/C/man5/proc.5:1337 build/C/man5/proc.5:1342 build/C/man5/proc.5:1347 build/C/man5/proc.5:1352 build/C/man5/proc.5:1357 build/C/man5/proc.5:2347 build/C/man5/proc.5:2351 build/C/man5/proc.5:2354 build/C/man5/proc.5:2359 build/C/man5/proc.5:2556 build/C/man5/proc.5:2560 build/C/man5/proc.5:2566 build/C/man5/proc.5:2605 build/C/man5/proc.5:2611 build/C/man5/proc.5:2613
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:536 build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:539 build/C/man2/intro.2:44 build/C/man2/intro.2:47 build/C/man2/intro.2:50 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:358 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:360 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:362 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:570 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:820 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:822 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:828 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:831 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:834 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:837 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:842 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:846 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:857 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:870 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:872 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:874 build/C/man5/proc.5:907 build/C/man5/proc.5:911 build/C/man5/proc.5:914 build/C/man5/proc.5:916 build/C/man5/proc.5:919 build/C/man5/proc.5:1461 build/C/man5/proc.5:1464 build/C/man5/proc.5:1476 build/C/man5/proc.5:1479 build/C/man5/proc.5:1483 build/C/man5/proc.5:1486 build/C/man5/proc.5:1489 build/C/man5/proc.5:1492 build/C/man5/proc.5:1495 build/C/man5/proc.5:1498 build/C/man5/proc.5:1501 build/C/man5/proc.5:1504 build/C/man5/proc.5:1508 build/C/man5/proc.5:1511 build/C/man5/proc.5:1514 build/C/man5/proc.5:1517 build/C/man5/proc.5:1520 build/C/man5/proc.5:1523 build/C/man5/proc.5:1526 build/C/man5/proc.5:1537 build/C/man5/proc.5:1543 build/C/man5/proc.5:1547 build/C/man5/proc.5:1552 build/C/man5/proc.5:1557 build/C/man5/proc.5:1562 build/C/man5/proc.5:1567 build/C/man5/proc.5:1572 build/C/man5/proc.5:1577 build/C/man5/proc.5:2639 build/C/man5/proc.5:2643 build/C/man5/proc.5:2646 build/C/man5/proc.5:2651 build/C/man5/proc.5:2845 build/C/man5/proc.5:2849 build/C/man5/proc.5:2855 build/C/man5/proc.5:2894 build/C/man5/proc.5:2900 build/C/man5/proc.5:2902
#, no-wrap
msgid "*"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:410
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:539
msgid "B<_POSIX_SOURCE> is defined with the value 1; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:413
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:542
msgid "B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE> is defined with one of the following values:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:419
-msgid "2, if B<XOPEN_SOURCE> is defined with a value less than 500;"
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:548
+msgid "2, if B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> is defined with a value less than 500;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:425
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:554
msgid ""
-"199506L, if B<XOPEN_SOURCE> is defined with a value greater than or equal to "
-"500 and less than 600; or"
+"199506L, if B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> is defined with a value greater than or equal "
+"to 500 and less than 600; or"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:430
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:559
msgid ""
-"(since glibc 2.4) 200112L, if B<XOPEN_SOURCE> is defined with a value "
+"(since glibc 2.4) 200112L, if B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> is defined with a value "
"greater than or equal to 600 and less than 700."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:436
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:565
msgid ""
-"(Since glibc 2.10) 200809L, if B<XOPEN_SOURCE> is defined with a value "
+"(Since glibc 2.10) 200809L, if B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> is defined with a value "
"greater than or equal to 700."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:441
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:570
msgid ""
"Older versions of glibc do not know about the values 200112L and 200809L for "
"B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE>, and the setting of this macro will depend on the glibc "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:450
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:579
msgid ""
"If B<_XOPEN_SOURCE> is undefined, then the setting of B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE> "
"depends on the glibc version: 199506L, in glibc versions before 2.4; "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:454
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:582
msgid "Multiple macros can be defined; the results are additive."
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:454 build/C/man2/intro.2:70 build/C/man3/intro.3:87 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:277
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:582 build/C/man2/intro.2:93 build/C/man3/intro.3:87 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:276
#, no-wrap
msgid "CONFORMING TO"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:462
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:590
msgid ""
"POSIX.1 specifies B<_POSIX_C_SOURCE>, B<_POSIX_SOURCE>, and "
"B<_XOPEN_SOURCE>. B<_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED> was specified by XPG4v2 (aka "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:466
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:594
msgid ""
"B<_FILE_OFFSET_BITS> is not specified by any standard, but is employed on "
"some other implementations."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:476
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:605
msgid ""
-"B<_BSD_SOURCE>, B<_SVID_SOURCE>, B<_ATFILE_SOURCE>, B<_GNU_SOURCE>, "
-"B<_FORTIFY_SOURCE>, B<_REENTRANT>, and B<_THREAD_SAFE> are specific to Linux "
-"(glibc)."
+"B<_BSD_SOURCE>, B<_SVID_SOURCE>, B<_DEFAULT_SOURCE>, B<_ATFILE_SOURCE>, "
+"B<_GNU_SOURCE>, B<_FORTIFY_SOURCE>, B<_REENTRANT>, and B<_THREAD_SAFE> are "
+"specific to Linux (glibc)."
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:476 build/C/man1/intro.1:48 build/C/man2/intro.2:75 build/C/man3/intro.3:92 build/C/man4/intro.4:33 build/C/man5/intro.5:33 build/C/man6/intro.6:32 build/C/man7/intro.7:36 build/C/man8/intro.8:44 build/C/man7/man.7:479 build/C/man5/proc.5:3432 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:40
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:605 build/C/man1/intro.1:48 build/C/man2/intro.2:98 build/C/man3/intro.3:92 build/C/man4/intro.4:33 build/C/man5/intro.5:33 build/C/man6/intro.6:32 build/C/man7/intro.7:36 build/C/man8/intro.8:44 build/C/man7/man.7:479 build/C/man5/proc.5:3738 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:40
#, no-wrap
msgid "NOTES"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:483
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:612
msgid ""
"I<E<lt>features.hE<gt>> is a Linux/glibc-specific header file. Other "
"systems have an analogous file, but typically with a different name. This "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:495
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:624
msgid ""
"According to which of the above feature test macros are defined, "
"I<E<lt>features.hE<gt>> internally defines various other macros that are "
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:495 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:607
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:624 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:882
#, no-wrap
msgid "EXAMPLE"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:501
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:630
msgid ""
"The program below can be used to explore how the various feature test macros "
"are set depending on the glibc version and what feature test macros are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:528
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:657
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ B<cc ftm.c>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:530
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:659
#, no-wrap
msgid "Program source"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:534
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:663
#, no-wrap
msgid "/* ftm.c */\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:538
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:667
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:545
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:674
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:549
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:678
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _POSIX_C_SOURCE\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:553
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:682
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _ISOC99_SOURCE\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:557
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:686
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"#ifdef _ISOC11_SOURCE\n"
+" printf(\"_ISOC11_SOURCE defined\\en\");\n"
+"#endif\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:690
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _XOPEN_SOURCE\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:561
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:694
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:565
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:698
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _LARGEFILE64_SOURCE\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:569
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:702
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:573
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:706
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _BSD_SOURCE\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:577
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:710
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _SVID_SOURCE\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:581
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:714
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"#ifdef _DEFAULT_SOURCE\n"
+" printf(\"_DEFAULT_SOURCE defined\\en\");\n"
+"#endif\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:718
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _ATFILE_SOURCE\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:585
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:722
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _GNU_SOURCE\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:589
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:726
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _REENTRANT\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:593
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:730
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _THREAD_SAFE\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:597
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:734
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#ifdef _FORTIFY_SOURCE\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:600
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:737
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Sh
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:601 build/C/man1/intro.1:302 build/C/man2/intro.2:89 build/C/man3/intro.3:97 build/C/man4/intro.4:38 build/C/man5/intro.5:38 build/C/man7/intro.7:41 build/C/man7/libc.7:99 build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:117 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:614 build/C/man7/man.7:560 build/C/man7/mdoc.7:428 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:854 build/C/man5/proc.5:3445 build/C/man7/standards.7:267 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:281 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:64 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2952
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:738 build/C/man1/intro.1:302 build/C/man2/intro.2:112 build/C/man3/intro.3:97 build/C/man4/intro.4:38 build/C/man5/intro.5:38 build/C/man7/intro.7:41 build/C/man7/libc.7:104 build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:117 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:889 build/C/man7/man.7:560 build/C/man7/mdoc.7:428 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:854 build/C/man5/proc.5:3751 build/C/man7/standards.7:277 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:280 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:64 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2952
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEE ALSO"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:604
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:741
msgid "B<libc>(7), B<standards>(7)"
msgstr ""
#. But beware: the info libc document is out of date (Jul 07, mtk)
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:608
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:745
msgid "The section \"Feature Test Macros\" under I<info libc>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:610
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:747
msgid "I</usr/include/features.h>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Sh
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:610 build/C/man1/intro.1:304 build/C/man2/intro.2:112 build/C/man3/intro.3:110 build/C/man4/intro.4:40 build/C/man5/intro.5:40 build/C/man6/intro.6:37 build/C/man7/intro.7:43 build/C/man8/intro.8:49 build/C/man7/libc.7:104 build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:127 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:621 build/C/man7/man.7:572 build/C/man7/mdoc.7:433 build/C/man7/operator.7:65 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:857 build/C/man5/proc.5:3476 build/C/man7/standards.7:271 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:284 build/C/man3/undocumented.3:183 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:66 build/C/man7/units.7:130 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2957
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:747 build/C/man1/intro.1:304 build/C/man2/intro.2:135 build/C/man3/intro.3:110 build/C/man4/intro.4:40 build/C/man5/intro.5:40 build/C/man6/intro.6:37 build/C/man7/intro.7:43 build/C/man8/intro.8:49 build/C/man7/libc.7:112 build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:127 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:896 build/C/man7/man.7:572 build/C/man7/mdoc.7:433 build/C/man7/operator.7:65 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:857 build/C/man5/proc.5:3785 build/C/man7/standards.7:281 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:283 build/C/man3/undocumented.3:183 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:66 build/C/man7/units.7:130 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2957
#, no-wrap
msgid "COLOPHON"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:617 build/C/man1/intro.1:311 build/C/man2/intro.2:119 build/C/man3/intro.3:117 build/C/man4/intro.4:47 build/C/man5/intro.5:47 build/C/man6/intro.6:44 build/C/man7/intro.7:50 build/C/man8/intro.8:56 build/C/man7/libc.7:111 build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:134 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:628 build/C/man7/man.7:579 build/C/man7/operator.7:72 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:864 build/C/man5/proc.5:3483 build/C/man7/standards.7:278 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:291 build/C/man3/undocumented.3:190 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:73 build/C/man7/units.7:137
+#: build/C/man7/feature_test_macros.7:754 build/C/man1/intro.1:311 build/C/man2/intro.2:142 build/C/man3/intro.3:117 build/C/man4/intro.4:47 build/C/man5/intro.5:47 build/C/man6/intro.6:44 build/C/man7/intro.7:50 build/C/man8/intro.8:56 build/C/man7/libc.7:119 build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:134 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:903 build/C/man7/man.7:579 build/C/man7/operator.7:72 build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:864 build/C/man5/proc.5:3792 build/C/man7/standards.7:288 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:290 build/C/man3/undocumented.3:190 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:73 build/C/man7/units.7:137
msgid ""
-"This page is part of release 3.53 of the Linux I<man-pages> project. A "
+"This page is part of release 3.65 of the Linux I<man-pages> project. A "
"description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be "
"found at \\%http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man1/intro.1:251
msgid ""
-"The command I<mount> will attach the file system found on some disk (or "
-"floppy, or CDROM or so) to the big file system hierarchy. And I<umount> "
+"The command I<mount> will attach the filesystem found on some disk (or "
+"floppy, or CDROM or so) to the big filesystem hierarchy. And I<umount> "
"detaches it again. The command I<df> will tell you how much of your disk is "
"still free."
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man2/intro.2:29 build/C/man3/intro.3:26
+#: build/C/man2/intro.2:29
#, no-wrap
-msgid "2010-11-11"
+msgid "2014-02-20"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/intro.2:45
+#: build/C/man2/intro.2:44
+msgid "In many cases, the C library wrapper function does nothing more than:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/intro.2:47
+msgid ""
+"copying arguments and the unique system call number to the registers where "
+"the kernel expects them;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/intro.2:50
+msgid ""
+"trapping to kernel mode, at which point the kernel does the real work of the "
+"system call; and"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/intro.2:55
+msgid ""
+"setting I<errno> if the system call returns an error number when the kernel "
+"returns the CPU to user mode."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/intro.2:65
+msgid ""
+"However, in a few cases, a wrapper function may do rather more than this, "
+"for example, performing some preprocessing of the arguments of arguments "
+"before trapping to kernel mode, or postprocessing of values returned by the "
+"system call. Where this is the case, the manual pages in Section 2 "
+"generally try to note the details of both the (usually GNU) C library API "
+"interface and the raw system call. Most commonly, the main DESCRIPTION will "
+"focus on the C library interface, and differences for the system call are "
+"covered in the NOTES section."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man2/intro.2:68
msgid "For a list of the Linux system calls, see B<syscalls>(2)."
msgstr ""
#. type: SH
-#: build/C/man2/intro.2:45 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:35
+#: build/C/man2/intro.2:68 build/C/man2/unimplemented.2:35
#, no-wrap
msgid "RETURN VALUE"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/intro.2:54
+#: build/C/man2/intro.2:77
msgid ""
"On error, most system calls return a negative error number (i.e., the "
"negated value of one of the constants described in B<errno>(3)). The C "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/intro.2:59
+#: build/C/man2/intro.2:82
msgid ""
"The value returned by a successful system call depends on the call. Many "
"system calls return 0 on success, but some can return nonzero values from a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/intro.2:70
+#: build/C/man2/intro.2:93
msgid ""
"In some cases, the programmer must define a feature test macro in order to "
"obtain the declaration of a system call from the header file specified in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/intro.2:75 build/C/man3/intro.3:92
+#: build/C/man2/intro.2:98 build/C/man3/intro.3:92
msgid ""
"Certain terms and abbreviations are used to indicate UNIX variants and "
"standards to which calls in this section conform. See B<standards>(7)."
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/intro.2:76
+#: build/C/man2/intro.2:99
#, no-wrap
msgid "Calling directly"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/intro.2:85
+#: build/C/man2/intro.2:108
msgid ""
"In most cases, it is unnecessary to invoke a system call directly, but there "
"are times when the Standard C library does not implement a nice wrapper "
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man2/intro.2:85 build/C/man3/intro.3:93 build/C/man4/intro.4:34 build/C/man5/intro.5:34 build/C/man6/intro.6:33 build/C/man7/intro.7:37 build/C/man8/intro.8:45
+#: build/C/man2/intro.2:108 build/C/man3/intro.3:93 build/C/man4/intro.4:34 build/C/man5/intro.5:34 build/C/man6/intro.6:33 build/C/man7/intro.7:37 build/C/man8/intro.8:45
#, no-wrap
msgid "Authors and copyright conditions"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/intro.2:89 build/C/man3/intro.3:97 build/C/man4/intro.4:38 build/C/man5/intro.5:38 build/C/man6/intro.6:37 build/C/man7/intro.7:41 build/C/man8/intro.8:49
+#: build/C/man2/intro.2:112 build/C/man3/intro.3:97 build/C/man4/intro.4:38 build/C/man5/intro.5:38 build/C/man6/intro.6:37 build/C/man7/intro.7:41 build/C/man8/intro.8:49
msgid ""
"Look at the header of the manual page source for the author(s) and copyright "
"conditions. Note that these can be different from page to page!"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man2/intro.2:112
+#: build/C/man2/intro.2:135
msgid ""
"B<_syscall>(2), B<syscall>(2), B<syscalls>(2), B<errno>(3), B<intro>(3), "
"B<capabilities>(7), B<credentials>(7), B<feature_test_macros>(7), "
"B<standards>(7), B<svipc>(7), B<symlink>(7), B<time>(7)"
msgstr ""
+#. type: TH
+#: build/C/man3/intro.3:26
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "2010-11-11"
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man3/intro.3:29
msgid "intro - introduction to library functions"
#: build/C/man3/intro.3:33
msgid ""
"Section 3 of the manual describes all library functions excluding the "
-"library functions (system call wrappers) described in section 2, which "
+"library functions (system call wrappers) described in Section 2, which "
"implement system calls."
msgstr ""
#: build/C/man7/intro.7:36
msgid ""
"Section 7 of the manual provides overviews on various topics, and describes "
-"conventions and protocols, character set standards, the standard file system "
+"conventions and protocols, character set standards, the standard filesystem "
"layout, and miscellaneous other things."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man8/intro.8:44
msgid ""
-"As with the commands in described section 1, the commands described in this "
+"As with the commands in described Section 1, the commands described in this "
"section terminate with an exit status that indicates whether the command "
"succeeded or failed. See B<intro>(1) for more information."
msgstr ""
msgid "LIBC"
msgstr ""
+#. type: TH
+#: build/C/man7/libc.7:26
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "2014-04-20"
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/libc.7:29
msgid "libc - overview of standard C libraries on Linux"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/libc.7:99
+#: build/C/man7/libc.7:104
msgid ""
"There are various other less widely used C libraries for Linux. These "
"libraries are generally smaller than glibc, both in terms of features and "
"memory footprint, and often intended for building small binaries, perhaps "
"targeted at development for embedded Linux systems. Among such libraries "
-"are I<uClibc> (I<http://www.uclibc.org/>) and I<dietlibc> "
-"(I<http://www.fefe.de/dietlibc/>). Details of these libraries are generally "
-"not covered by the I<man-pages> project."
+"are E<.UR http://www.uclibc.org/> I<uClibc> E<.UE> E<.UR "
+"http://www.fefe.de/dietlibc/> I<dietlibc> E<.UE ,> and E<.UR "
+"http://www.musl-libc.org/> I<musl libc> E<.UE .> Details of these libraries "
+"are generally not covered by the I<man-pages> project."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/libc.7:104
-msgid "B<syscalls>(2), B<feature_test_macros>(7), B<man-pages>(7), B<standards>(7)"
+#: build/C/man7/libc.7:112
+msgid ""
+"B<syscalls>(2), B<getauxval>(3), B<proc>(5), B<feature_test_macros>(7), "
+"B<man-pages>(7), B<standards>(7), B<vdso>(7)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mailaddr.7:47
-msgid " eric@monet.berkeley.edu (Eric Allman)"
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " eric@monet.berkeley.edu (Eric Allman)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#. type: TH
#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:30
#, no-wrap
-msgid "2013-07-24"
+msgid "2014-03-16"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:132
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:131
msgid ""
"The date of the last revision\\(emremember to change this every time a "
-"change is made to the man page, since this is the most general way of doing "
-"version control. Dates should be written in the form YYYY-MM-DD."
+"nontrivial change is made to the man page. Dates should be written in the "
+"form YYYY-MM-DD."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:132
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:131
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<source>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:135
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:134
msgid "The source of the command, function, or system call."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:139
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:138
msgid ""
"For those few I<man-pages> pages in Sections 1 and 8, probably you just want "
"to write I<GNU>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:147
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:146
msgid ""
"For system calls, just write I<Linux>. (An earlier practice was to write "
"the version number of the kernel from which the manual page was being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:152
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:151
msgid ""
"For library calls that are part of glibc or one of the other common GNU "
"libraries, just use I<GNU C Library>, I<GNU>, or an empty string."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:155
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:154
msgid "For Section 4 pages, use I<Linux>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:158
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:157
msgid "In cases of doubt, just write I<Linux>, or I<GNU>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:158
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:157
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<manual>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:163
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:162
msgid ""
"The title of the manual (e.g., for Section 2 and 3 pages in the I<man-pages> "
"package, use I<Linux Programmer's Manual>)."
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:164
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:163
#, no-wrap
msgid "Sections within a manual page"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:171
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:170
msgid ""
"The list below shows conventional or suggested sections. Most manual pages "
"should include at least the B<highlighted> sections. Arrange a new manual "
#. AUTHORS sections are discouraged
#. AUTHORS [Discouraged]
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:200
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:199
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<NAME>\n"
"ERRORS [Typically only in Sections 2, 3]\n"
"ENVIRONMENT\n"
"FILES\n"
-"ATTRIBUTES [Normally only in Sections 2, 3]\n"
"VERSIONS [Normally only in Sections 2, 3]\n"
+"ATTRIBUTES [Normally only in Sections 2, 3]\n"
"CONFORMING TO\n"
"NOTES\n"
"BUGS\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:211
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:210
msgid ""
"I<Where a traditional heading would apply>, I<please use it>; this kind of "
"consistency can make the information easier to understand. If you must, you "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:214
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:213
msgid "The following list elaborates on the contents of each of the above sections."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:214
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:213
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<NAME>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:225
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:224
msgid ""
"The name of this manual page. See B<man>(7) for important details of the "
"line(s) that should follow the B<.SH NAME> command. All words in this line "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:225
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:224
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<SYNOPSIS>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:237
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:236
msgid ""
"briefly describes the command or function's interface. For commands, this "
"shows the syntax of the command and its arguments (including options); "
#. FIXME . Say something here about compiler options
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:243
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:242
msgid ""
"Where a feature test macro must be defined in order to obtain the "
"declaration of a function (or a variable) from a header file, then the "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:243
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:242
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CONFIGURATION>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:247
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:246
msgid ""
"Configuration details for a device. This section normally appears only in "
"Section 4 pages."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:247
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:246
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<DESCRIPTION>"
msgstr ""
#. .B DESCRIPTION
#. section).
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:264
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:263
msgid ""
"gives an explanation of what the program, function, or format does. Discuss "
"how it interacts with files and standard input, and what it produces on "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:272
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:271
msgid ""
"When describing new behavior or new flags for a system call or library "
"function, be careful to note the kernel or C library version that introduced "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:273
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:272
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<XYZ_FLAG> (since Linux 3.7)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:276
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:275
msgid "Description of flag..."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:281
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:280
msgid ""
"Including version information is especially useful to users who are "
"constrained to using older kernel or C library versions (which is typical in "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:281
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:280
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<OPTIONS>"
msgstr ""
#. .B USAGE
#. describes the grammar of any sublanguage this implements.
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:289
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:288
msgid ""
"describes the command-line options accepted by a program and how they change "
"its behavior. This section should appear only for Section 1 and 8 manual "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:289
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:288
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EXIT STATUS>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:294
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:293
msgid ""
"lists the possible exit status values of a program and the conditions that "
"cause these values to be returned. This section should appear only for "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:294
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:293
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<RETURN VALUE>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:299
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:298
msgid ""
"For Section 2 and 3 pages, this section gives a list of the values the "
"library routine will return to the caller and the conditions that cause "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:299
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:298
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ERRORS>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:307
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:306
msgid ""
"For Section 2 and 3 manual pages, this is a list of the values that may be "
"placed in I<errno> in the event of an error, along with information about "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:307
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:306
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENVIRONMENT>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:311
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:310
msgid ""
"lists all environment variables that affect the program or function and how "
"they affect it."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:311
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:310
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<FILES>"
msgstr ""
#. section).
#. However, please include security information somewhere!
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:348
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:347
msgid ""
"lists the files the program or function uses, such as configuration files, "
"startup files, and files the program directly operates on. Give the full "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:348
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:347
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ATTRIBUTES>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:353
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:352
msgid ""
"A summary of various attributes of the function(s) documented on this page, "
"broken into subsections. The following subsections are defined:"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:355
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:354
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<Multithreading (see pthreads(7))>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:358
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:357
msgid "This subsection notes attributes relating to multithreaded applications:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:361
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:360
msgid "Whether the function is thread-safe."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:363
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:362
msgid "Whether the function is a cancellation point."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:365
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:364
msgid "Whether the function is async-cancel-safe."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:369
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:368
msgid "Details of these attributes can be found in B<pthreads>(7)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:370
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:369
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<VERSIONS>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:387
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:386
msgid ""
"A brief summary of the Linux kernel or glibc versions where a system call or "
"library function appeared, or changed significantly in its operation. As a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:392
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:391
msgid ""
"The B<syscalls>(2) manual page also provides information about kernel "
"versions in which various system calls first appeared."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:392
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:391
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<CONFORMING TO>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:406
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:408
msgid ""
"describes any standards or conventions that relate to the function or "
-"command described by the manual page. For a page in Section 2 or 3, this "
-"section should note the POSIX.1 version(s) that the call conforms to, and "
-"also whether the call is specified in C99. (Don't worry too much about "
-"other standards like SUS, SUSv2, and XPG, or the SVr4 and 4.xBSD "
-"implementation standards, unless the call was specified in those standards, "
-"but isn't in the current version of POSIX.1.) (See B<standards>(7).)"
+"command described by the manual page. The preferred terms to use for the "
+"various standards are listed as headings in B<standards>(7). For a page in "
+"Section 2 or 3, this section should note the POSIX.1 version(s) that the "
+"call conforms to, and also whether the call is specified in C99. (Don't "
+"worry too much about other standards like SUS, SUSv2, and XPG, or the SVr4 "
+"and 4.xBSD implementation standards, unless the call was specified in those "
+"standards, but isn't in the current version of POSIX.1.) (See "
+"B<standards>(7).)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:410
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:412
msgid ""
"If the call is not governed by any standards but commonly exists on other "
"systems, note them. If the call is Linux-specific, note this."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:414
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:416
msgid ""
"If this section consists of just a list of standards (which it commonly "
"does), terminate the list with a period (\\(aq.\\(aq)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:414
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:416
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<NOTES>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:419
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:421
msgid ""
"provides miscellaneous notes. For Section 2 and 3 man pages you may find it "
"useful to include subsections (B<SS>) named I<Linux Notes> and I<Glibc "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:419
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:421
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<BUGS>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:423
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:425
msgid ""
"lists limitations, known defects or inconveniences, and other questionable "
"activities."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:423
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:425
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EXAMPLE>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:429
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:431
msgid ""
"provides one or more examples describing how this function, file or command "
"is used. For details on writing example programs, see I<Example Programs> "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:429
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:431
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<AUTHORS>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:439
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:441
msgid ""
"lists authors of the documentation or program. B<Use of an AUTHORS section "
"is strongly discouraged>. Generally, it is better not to clutter every page "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:439
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:441
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<SEE ALSO>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:446
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:448
msgid ""
"provides a comma-separated list of related man pages, ordered by section "
"number and then alphabetically by name, possibly followed by other related "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:457
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:459
msgid ""
"Where the SEE ALSO list contains many long manual page names, to improve the "
"visual result of the output, it may be useful to employ the I<.ad l> (don't "
"\"\\e%\"."
msgstr ""
+#. type: SH
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:459
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "STYLE GUIDE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:466
+msgid ""
+"The following subsections describe the preferred style for the I<man-pages> "
+"project. For details not covered below, the Chicago Manual of Style is "
+"usually a good source; try also grepping for preexisting usage in the "
+"project source tree."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:466
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Use of gender-neutral language"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:471
+msgid ""
+"As far as possible, use gender-neutral language in the text of man pages. "
+"Use of \"they\" (\"them\", \"themself\", \"their\") as a gender-neutral "
+"singular pronoun is acceptable."
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:457
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:471
#, no-wrap
msgid "Font conventions"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:462
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:476
msgid ""
"For functions, the arguments are always specified using italics, I<even in "
"the SYNOPSIS section>, where the rest of the function is specified in bold:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:464
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:478
msgid "B< int myfunction(int >I<argc>B<, char **>I<argv>B<);>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:466
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:480
msgid "Variable names should, like argument names, be specified in italics."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:479
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:490
msgid ""
-"Filenames (whether pathnames, or references to files in the I</usr/include> "
-"directory) are always in italics (e.g., I<E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>>), except in "
-"the SYNOPSIS section, where included files are in bold (e.g., B<#include "
-"E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>>). When referring to a standard include file under "
-"I</usr/include>, specify the header file surrounded by angle brackets, in "
-"the usual C way (e.g., I<E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>>)."
+"Filenames (whether pathnames, or references to header files) are always in "
+"italics (e.g., I<E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>>), except in the SYNOPSIS section, where "
+"included files are in bold (e.g., B<#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>>). When "
+"referring to a standard header file include, specify the header file "
+"surrounded by angle brackets, in the usual C way (e.g., "
+"I<E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>>)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:483
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:494
msgid ""
-"Special macros, which are usually in upper case, are in bold (e.g., "
+"Special macros, which are usually in uppercase, are in bold (e.g., "
"B<MAXINT>). Exception: don't boldface NULL."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:488
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:499
msgid ""
"When enumerating a list of error codes, the codes are in bold (this list "
"usually uses the B<\\&.TP> macro)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:491
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:503
msgid ""
-"Complete commands should, if long, be written as in an indented line on "
-"their own, for example"
+"Complete commands should, if long, be written as an indented line on their "
+"own, with a blank line before and after the command, for example"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:495
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:507
#, no-wrap
msgid "man 7 man-pages\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:505
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:517
msgid ""
"If the command is short, then it can be included inline in the text, in "
"italic format, for example, I<man 7 man-pages>. In this case, it may be "
"worth using nonbreaking spaces (\"\\e\\ \") at suitable places in the "
-"command. Command options should be written in italics, e.g., I<-l>."
+"command. Command options should be written in italics (e.g., I<-l>)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:510
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:522
msgid ""
"Expressions, if not written on a separate indented line, should be specified "
"in italics. Again, the use of nonbreaking spaces may be appropriate if the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:521
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:533
msgid ""
"Any reference to the subject of the current manual page should be written "
"with the name in bold. If the subject is a function (i.e., this is a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:524
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:536
#, no-wrap
msgid " .BR fcntl ()\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:528
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:540
msgid ""
"(Using this format, rather than the use of \"\\efB...\\efP()\" makes it "
"easier to write tools that parse man page source files.)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:537
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:549
msgid ""
"Any reference to another man page should be written with the name in bold, "
"I<always> followed by the section number, formatted in Roman (normal) font, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:540
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:552
#, no-wrap
msgid " .BR intro (2)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:545
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:557
msgid ""
"(Including the section number in cross references lets tools like "
"B<man2html>(1) create properly hyperlinked pages.)"
msgstr ""
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:561
+msgid ""
+"Control characters should be written in bold face, with no quotes; for "
+"example, B<^X>."
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:545
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:561
#, no-wrap
msgid "Spelling"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:550
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:567
msgid ""
"Starting with release 2.59, I<man-pages> follows American spelling "
-"conventions; please write all new pages and patches according to these "
+"conventions (previously, there was a random mix of British and American "
+"spellings); please write all new pages and patches according to these "
"conventions."
msgstr ""
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:550
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "Capitalization"
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:570
+msgid ""
+"Aside from the well-known spelling differences, there are a few other "
+"subtleties to watch for:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:555
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:574
msgid ""
-"In subsection (\"SS\") headings capitalize the first word in heading, but "
-"otherwise use lower case, except where English usage (e.g., proper nouns) or "
-"programming language requirements (e.g., identifier names) dictate "
-"otherwise."
+"American English tends to use the forms \"backward\", \"upward\", "
+"\"toward\", and so on rather than the British forms \"backwards\", "
+"\"upwards\", \"towards\", and so on."
msgstr ""
#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:555
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:574
#, no-wrap
-msgid "Example programs and shell sessions"
+msgid "BSD version numbers"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:559
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:582
msgid ""
-"Manual pages can include example programs demonstrating how to use a system "
-"call or library function. However, note the following:"
+"The classical scheme for writing BSD version numbers is I<x.yBSD>, where "
+"I<x.y> is the version number (e.g., 4.2BSD). Avoid forms such as I<BSD "
+"4.3>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:562
-msgid "Example programs should be written in C."
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:582
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Capitalization"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:569
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:588
msgid ""
-"An example program is necessary and useful only if it demonstrates something "
-"beyond what can easily be provided in a textual description of the "
-"interface. An example program that does nothing other than call an "
-"interface usually serves little purpose."
+"In subsection (\"SS\") headings, capitalize the first word in the heading, "
+"but otherwise use lowercase, except where English usage (e.g., proper nouns) "
+"or programming language requirements (e.g., identifier names) dictate "
+"otherwise. For example:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:573
-msgid ""
-"Example programs should be fairly short (preferably less than 100 lines; "
-"ideally less than 50 lines)."
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:590
+msgid ".SS Unicode under Linux"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:577
-msgid ""
-"Example programs should do error checking after system calls and library "
-"function calls."
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:591
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Indentation of structure definitions, shell session logs, and so on"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:581
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:597
msgid ""
-"Example programs should be complete, and compile without warnings when "
-"compiled with I<cc\\ -Wall>."
+"When structure definitions, shell session logs, and so on are included in "
+"running text, indent them by 4 spaces (i.e., a block enclosed by I<.in\\ "
+"+4n> and I<.in>)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:587
-msgid ""
-"Where possible and appropriate, example programs should allow "
-"experimentation, by varying their behavior based on inputs (ideally from "
-"command-line arguments, or alternatively, via input read by the program)."
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:597
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Preferred terms"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:592
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:600
msgid ""
-"Example programs should be laid out according to Kernighan and Ritchie "
-"style, with 4-space indents. (Avoid the use of TAB characters in source "
-"code!)"
+"The following table lists some preferred terms to use in man pages, mainly "
+"to ensure consistency across pages."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:597
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:604
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Term\tAvoid using\tNotes\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:606
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "bit mask\tbitmask\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:607
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "built-in\tbuiltin\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:608
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Epoch\tepoch\tT{\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:609
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "For the UNIX Epoch (00:00:00, 1 Jan 1970 UTC)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:610 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:621 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:625 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:630 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:634 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:640 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:644 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:669 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:672 build/C/man7/man-pages.7:675
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "T}\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:611
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "filename\tfile name\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:612
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "filesystem\tfile system\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:613
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "hostname\thost name\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:614
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "inode\ti-node\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:615
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "lowercase\tlower case, lower-case\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:616
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "pathname\tpath name\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:617
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "pseudoterminal\tpseudo-terminal\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:618
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "privileged port\tT{\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:619
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "reserved port,\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:620
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "system port\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:622
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "real-time\tT{\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:623
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "realtime,\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:624
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "real time\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:626
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "run time\truntime\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:627
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "saved set-group-ID\tT{\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:628
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "saved group ID,\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:629
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "saved set-GID\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:631
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "saved set-user-ID\tT{\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:632
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "saved user ID,\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:633
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "saved set-UID\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:635
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "set-group-ID\tset-GID, setgid\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:636
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "set-user-ID\tset-UID, setuid\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:637
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "superuser\tT{\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:638
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "super user,\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:639
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "super-user\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:641
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "superblock\tT{\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:642
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "super block,\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:643
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "super-block\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:645
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "timestamp\ttime stamp\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:646
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "timezone\ttime zone\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:647
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "uppercase\tupper case, upper-case\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:648
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "usable\tuseable\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:649
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "user space\tuserspace\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:650
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "username\tuser name\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:651
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "zeros\tzeroes\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:657
+msgid "See also the discussion I<Hyphenation of attributive compounds> below."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:657
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Terms to avoid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:661
+msgid ""
+"The following table lists some terms to avoid using in man pages, along with "
+"some suggested alternatives, mainly to ensure consistency across pages."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:665
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Avoid\tUse instead\tNotes\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:667
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "32bit\t32-bit\tT{\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:668
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "same for 8-bit, 16-bit, etc.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:670
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "current process\tcalling process\tT{\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:671
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "A common mistake made by kernel programmers when writing man pages\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:673
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "manpage\tT{\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:674
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "man page, manual page\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:676
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "minus infinity\tnegative infinity\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:677
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "non-root\tunprivileged user\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:678
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "non-superuser\tunprivileged user\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:679
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "nonprivileged\tunprivileged\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:680
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "OS\toperating system\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:681
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "plus infinity\tpositive infinity\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:682
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "pty\tpseudoterminal\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:683
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "tty\tterminal\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:684
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Unices\tUNIX systems\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: tbl table
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:685
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Unixes\tUNIX systems\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:687
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Trademarks"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:691
+msgid ""
+"Use the correct spelling and case for trademarks. The following is a list "
+"of the correct spellings of various relevant trademarks that are sometimes "
+"misspelled:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:696
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" DG/UX\n"
+" HP-UX\n"
+" UNIX\n"
+" UnixWare\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:696
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "NULL, NUL, null pointer, and null character"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:708
+msgid ""
+"A I<null pointer> is a pointer that points to nothing, and is normally "
+"indicated by the constant I<NULL>. On the other hand, I<NUL> is the I<null "
+"byte>, a byte with the value 0, represented in C via the character constant "
+"I<\\(aq\\e0\\(aq>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:711
+msgid ""
+"The preferred term for the pointer is \"null pointer\" or simply \"NULL\"; "
+"avoid writing \"NULL pointer\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:719
+msgid ""
+"The preferred term for the byte is \"null byte\". Avoid writing \"NUL\", "
+"since it is too easily confused with \"NULL\". Avoid also the terms \"zero "
+"byte\" and \"null character\". The byte that terminates a C string should "
+"be described as \"the terminating null byte\"; strings may be described as "
+"\"null-terminated\", but avoid the use of \"NUL-terminated\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:719
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Hyperlinks"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:727
+msgid ""
+"For hyperlinks, use the I<.UR>/I<.UE> macro pair (see B<groff_man>(7)). "
+"This produces proper hyperlinks that can be used in a web browser, when "
+"rendering a page with, say:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:729
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " BROWSER=firefox man -H pagename\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:729
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Use of e.g., i.e., etc., a.k.a., and similar"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:733
+msgid ""
+"In general, the use of abbreviations such as \"e.g.\", \"i.e.\", \"etc.\", "
+"\"a.k.a.\" should be avoided, in favor of suitable full wordings (\"for "
+"example\", \"that is\", \"and so on\", \"also known as\")."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:737
+msgid ""
+"The only place where such abbreviations may be acceptable is in I<short> "
+"parenthetical asides (e.g., like this one)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:740
+msgid ""
+"Always include periods in such abbreviations, as shown here. In addition, "
+"\"e.g.\" and \"i.e.\" should always be followed by a comma."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:740
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Em-dashes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:748
+msgid ""
+"The way to write an em-dash\\(emthe glyph that appears at either end of this "
+"subphrase\\(emin *roff is with the macro \"\\e(em\". (On an ASCII terminal, "
+"an em-dash typically renders as two hyphens, but in other typographical "
+"contexts it renders as a long dash.) Em-dashes should be written I<without> "
+"surrounding spaces."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:748
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Hyphenation of attributive compounds"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:751
+msgid ""
+"Compound terms should be hyphenated when used attributively (i.e., to "
+"qualify a following noun). Some examples:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:758
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" 32-bit value\n"
+" command-line argument\n"
+" floating-point number\n"
+" run-time check\n"
+" user-space function\n"
+" wide-character string\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:758
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Hyphenation with multi, non, pre, re, sub, and so on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:764
+msgid ""
+"The general tendency in modern English is not to hyphenate after prefixes "
+"such as \"multi\", \"non\", \"pre\", \"re\", \"sub\", and so on. Manual "
+"pages should generally follow this rule when these prefixes are used in "
+"natural English constructions with simple suffixes. The following list "
+"gives some examples of the preferred forms:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:785
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" interprocess\n"
+" multithreaded\n"
+" multiprocess\n"
+" nonblocking\n"
+" nondefault\n"
+" nonempty\n"
+" noninteractive\n"
+" nonnegative\n"
+" nonportable\n"
+" nonzero\n"
+" preallocated\n"
+" precreate\n"
+" prerecorded\n"
+" reestablished\n"
+" reinitialize\n"
+" rearm\n"
+" reread\n"
+" subcomponent\n"
+" subdirectory\n"
+" subsystem\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:789
+msgid ""
+"Hyphens should be retained when the prefixes are used in nonstandard English "
+"words, with trademarks, proper nouns, acronyms, or compound terms. Some "
+"examples:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:794
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" non-ASCII\n"
+" non-English\n"
+" non-NULL\n"
+" non-real-time\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:797
+msgid ""
+"Finally, note that \"re-create\" and \"recreate\" are two different verbs, "
+"and the former is probably what you want."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:797
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Real minus character"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:802
+msgid ""
+"Where a real minus character is required (e.g., for numbers such as -1, or "
+"when writing options that have a leading dash, such as in I<ls\\ -l>), use "
+"the following form in the man page source:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:804
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " \\e-\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:806
+msgid "This guideline applies also to code examples."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:806
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Character constants"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:809
+msgid ""
+"To produce single quotes that render well in both ASCII and UTF-8, use the "
+"following form for character constants in the man page source:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:811
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " \\e(aqC\\e(aq\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:816
+msgid ""
+"where I<C> is the quoted character. This guideline applies also to "
+"character constants used in code examples."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: SS
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:816
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Example programs and shell sessions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:820
+msgid ""
+"Manual pages may include example programs demonstrating how to use a system "
+"call or library function. However, note the following:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:822
+msgid "Example programs should be written in C."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:828
+msgid ""
+"An example program is necessary and useful only if it demonstrates something "
+"beyond what can easily be provided in a textual description of the "
+"interface. An example program that does nothing other than call an "
+"interface usually serves little purpose."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:831
+msgid ""
+"Example programs should be fairly short (preferably less than 100 lines; "
+"ideally less than 50 lines)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:834
+msgid ""
+"Example programs should do error checking after system calls and library "
+"function calls."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:837
+msgid ""
+"Example programs should be complete, and compile without warnings when "
+"compiled with I<cc\\ -Wall>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:842
+msgid ""
+"Where possible and appropriate, example programs should allow "
+"experimentation, by varying their behavior based on inputs (ideally from "
+"command-line arguments, or alternatively, via input read by the program)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:846
+msgid ""
+"Example programs should be laid out according to Kernighan and Ritchie "
+"style, with 4-space indents. (Avoid the use of TAB characters in source "
+"code!)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:848
+msgid "For consistency, all example programs should terminate using either of:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:851
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
+" exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:853
+msgid "Avoid using the following forms to terminate a program:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:857
+#, no-wrap
msgid ""
-"For some examples of what example programs should look like, see B<wait>(2) "
-"and B<pipe>(2)."
+" exit(0);\n"
+" exit(1);\n"
+" return n;\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:601
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:863
msgid ""
-"If you include a shell session demonstrating the use of a program or other "
-"system feature, boldface the user input text, to distinguish it from output "
-"produced by the system."
+"If there is extensive explanatory text before the program source code, mark "
+"off the source code with a susbsection heading I<Program source>, as in:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: SS
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:601
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "Indentation of structure definitions, shell session logs, etc."
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:865
+msgid ".SS Program source"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:607
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:867
+msgid "Always do this if the explanatory text includes a shell session log."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:870
msgid ""
-"When structure definitions, shell session logs, and so on are included in "
-"running text, indent them by 4 spaces (i.e., a block enclosed by I<.in\\ "
-"+4n> and I<.in>)."
+"If you include a shell session log demonstrating the use of a program or "
+"other system feature:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:614
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:872
+msgid "Place the session log above the source code listing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:874
+msgid "Indent the session log by four spaces."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:877
+msgid ""
+"Boldface the user input text, to distinguish it from output produced by the "
+"system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:882
+msgid ""
+"For some examples of what example programs should look like, see B<wait>(2) "
+"and B<pipe>(2)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:889
msgid ""
"For canonical examples of how man pages in the I<man-pages> package should "
"look, see B<pipe>(2) and B<fcntl>(2)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:621
+#: build/C/man7/man-pages.7:896
msgid ""
"B<man>(1), B<man2html>(1), B<groff>(7), B<groff_man>(7), B<man>(7), "
"B<mdoc>(7)"
msgid "MAN"
msgstr ""
+#. type: TH
+#: build/C/man7/man.7:34 build/C/man7/units.7:26
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "2012-08-05"
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/man.7:37
msgid "man - macros to format man pages"
msgstr ""
#. type: Sh
-#: build/C/man7/man.7:531 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:279 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2883
+#: build/C/man7/man.7:531 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:278 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2883
#, no-wrap
msgid "BUGS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:89
-msgid "Title, in upper case."
+msgid "Title, in uppercase."
msgstr ""
#. type: It
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.7:440 build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2964
msgid ""
-"This page is part of release 3.53 of the Linux E<.Em man-pages> project. A "
+"This page is part of release 3.65 of the Linux E<.Em man-pages> project. A "
"description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be "
"found at \\%http://www.kernel.org/doc/man\\-pages/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:112
msgid ""
-"If this option is in effect (as it always is under POSIX.1-2001) then only "
+"If this option is in effect (as it always is under POSIX.1-2001), then only "
"root may change the owner of a file, and nonroot can set the group of a file "
"only to one of the groups it belongs to. This affects the functions "
"I<chown>(), I<fchown>()."
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:158
msgid ""
-"If this option is in effect (as it always is under POSIX.1-2001) then the "
+"If this option is in effect (as it always is under POSIX.1-2001), then the "
"system implements POSIX-style job control, and the following functions are "
"present:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/posixoptions.7:349
msgid ""
-"If this option is in effect (as it always is under POSIX.1-2001) then a "
+"If this option is in effect (as it always is under POSIX.1-2001), then a "
"process has a saved set-user-ID and a saved set-group-ID. Affected "
"functions are"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:62
#, no-wrap
-msgid "2013-06-27"
+msgid "2014-04-12"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:65
-msgid "proc - process information pseudo-file system"
+msgid "proc - process information pseudo-filesystem"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:74
msgid ""
-"The I<proc> file system is a pseudo-file system which is used as an "
-"interface to kernel data structures. It is commonly mounted at I</proc>. "
-"Most of it is read-only, but some files allow kernel variables to be "
-"changed."
+"The I<proc> filesystem is a pseudo-filesystem which provides an interface to "
+"kernel data structures. It is commonly mounted at I</proc>. Most of it is "
+"read-only, but some files allow kernel variables to be changed."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man5/proc.5:78
-msgid "The following outline gives a quick tour through the I</proc> hierarchy."
+msgid ""
+"The following list describes many of the files and directories under the "
+"I</proc> hierarchy."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
msgid "control group in the hierarchy to which the process belongs"
msgstr ""
-#
-#. FIXME Describe /proc/[pid]/clear_refs
-#. Added in 2.6.22
-#. "Clears page referenced bits shown in smaps output"
-#. write-only
-#. CONFIG_PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:130
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:124
msgid ""
"This file is present only if the B<CONFIG_CGROUPS> kernel configuration "
"option is enabled."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:130
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:124
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I</proc/[pid]/clear_refs> (since Linux 2.6.22)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. commit b813e931b4c8235bb42e301096ea97dbdee3e8fe (2.6.22)
+#. commit 398499d5f3613c47f2143b8c54a04efb5d7a6da9 (2.6.32)
+#. commit 040fa02077de01c7e08fa75be6125e4ca5636011 (3.11)
+#
+#. "Clears page referenced bits shown in smaps output"
+#. write-only, writable only by the owner of the process
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:134
+msgid "This is a write-only file, writable only by owner of the process."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:136
+msgid "The following values may be written to the file:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:137
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "1 (since Linux 2.6.22)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Internally: CLEAR_REFS_ALL
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:144
+msgid ""
+"Reset the PG_Referenced and ACCESSED/YOUNG bits for all the pages associated "
+"with the process. (Before kernel 2.6.32, writing any nonzero value to this "
+"file had this effect.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:144
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "2 (since Linux 2.6.32)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Internally: CLEAR_REFS_ANON
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:149
+msgid ""
+"Reset the PG_Referenced and ACCESSED/YOUNG bits for all anonymous pages "
+"associated with the process."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:149
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "3 (since Linux 2.6.32)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Internally: CLEAR_REFS_MAPPED
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:154
+msgid ""
+"Reset the PG_Referenced and ACCESSED/YOUNG bits for all file-mapped pages "
+"associated with the process."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:170
+msgid ""
+"Clearing the PG_Referenced and ACCESSED/YOUNG bits provides a method to "
+"measure approximately how much memory a process is using. One first "
+"inspects the values in the \"Referenced:\" fields for the VMAs shown in "
+"I</proc/[pid]/smaps> to get an idea of the memory footprint of the process. "
+"One then clears the PG_Referenced and ACCESSED/YOUNG bits and, after some "
+"measured time interval, once again inspects the values in the "
+"\"Referenced:\" fields to get an idea of the change in memory footprint of "
+"the process during the measured interval. If one is interested only in "
+"inspecting the selected mapping types, then the value 2 or 3 can be used "
+"instead of 1."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:172
+msgid "A further value can be written to affect a different bit:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:173
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "4 (since Linux 3.11)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Internally: CLEAR_REFS_SOFT_DIRTY
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:183
+msgid ""
+"Clear the soft-dirty bit for all the pages associated with the process. "
+"This is used (in conjunction with I</proc/[pid]/pagemap>) by the "
+"check-point restore system to discover which pages of a process have been "
+"dirtied since the file I</proc/[pid]/clear_refs> was written to."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:188
+msgid ""
+"Writing any value to I</proc/[pid]/clear_refs> other than those listed above "
+"has no effect."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:194
+msgid ""
+"The I</proc/[pid]/clear_refs> file is present only if the "
+"B<CONFIG_PROC_PAGE_MONITOR> kernel configuration option is enabled."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:194
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/cmdline>"
msgstr ""
#. In 2.3.26, this also used to be true if the process was swapped out.
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:140
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:204
msgid ""
"This holds the complete command line for the process, unless the process is "
"a zombie. In the latter case, there is nothing in this file: that is, a "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:140
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:204
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/coredump_filter> (since kernel 2.6.23)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:144 build/C/man5/proc.5:2733 build/C/man5/proc.5:2737
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:208 build/C/man5/proc.5:3022 build/C/man5/proc.5:3026
msgid "See B<core>(5)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:144
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:208
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/cpuset> (since kernel 2.6.12)"
msgstr ""
#. and/proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/cpuset
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:149
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:213
msgid "See B<cpuset>(7)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:149
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:213
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/cwd>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:154
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:218
msgid ""
"This is a symbolic link to the current working directory of the process. To "
"find out the current working directory of process 20, for instance, you can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:158
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:222
#, no-wrap
msgid "$B< cd /proc/20/cwd; /bin/pwd>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:169
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:233
msgid ""
"Note that the I<pwd> command is often a shell built-in, and might not work "
"properly. In B<bash>(1), you may use I<pwd\\ -P>."
#. Added in 2.6.9
#. CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:175 build/C/man5/proc.5:877
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:239 build/C/man5/proc.5:1034
msgid ""
"In a multithreaded process, the contents of this symbolic link are not "
"available if the main thread has already terminated (typically by calling "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:175
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:239
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/environ>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:181
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:245
msgid ""
"This file contains the environment for the process. The entries are "
"separated by null bytes (\\(aq\\e0\\(aq), and there may be a null byte at "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:186
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:250
#, no-wrap
msgid "$B< strings /proc/1/environ>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:189
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:253
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/exe>"
msgstr ""
#. The following was still true as at kernel 2.6.13
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:204
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:268
msgid ""
"Under Linux 2.2 and later, this file is a symbolic link containing the "
"actual pathname of the executed command. This symbolic link can be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:212
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:276
msgid ""
"Under Linux 2.0 and earlier I</proc/[pid]/exe> is a pointer to the binary "
"which was executed, and appears as a symbolic link. A B<readlink>(2) call "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:214
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:278
#, no-wrap
msgid " [device]:inode\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:217
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:281
msgid ""
"For example, [0301]:1502 would be inode 1502 on device major 03 (IDE, MFM, "
"etc. drives) minor 01 (first partition on the first drive)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:222
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:286
msgid "B<find>(1) with the I<-inum> option can be used to locate the file."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:222
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:286
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/fd/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:228
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:292
msgid ""
"This is a subdirectory containing one entry for each file which the process "
"has open, named by its file descriptor, and which is a symbolic link to the "
"actual file. Thus, 0 is standard input, 1 standard output, 2 standard "
-"error, etc."
+"error, and so on."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:235
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:299
msgid ""
"For file descriptors for pipes and sockets, the entries will be symbolic "
"links whose content is the file type with the inode. A B<readlink>(2) call "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:237
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:301
#, no-wrap
msgid " type:[inode]\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:244
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:308
msgid ""
"For example, I<socket:[2248868]> will be a socket and its inode is 2248868. "
"For sockets, that inode can be used to find more information in one of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:254
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:318
msgid ""
"For file descriptors that have no corresponding inode (e.g., file "
"descriptors produced by B<epoll_create>(2), B<eventfd>(2), "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:256
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:320
#, no-wrap
msgid " anon_inode:E<lt>file-typeE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:260
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:324
msgid "In some cases, the I<file-type> is surrounded by square brackets."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:264
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:328
msgid ""
"For example, an epoll file descriptor will have a symbolic link whose "
"content is the string I<anon_inode:[eventpoll]>."
#. The following was still true as at kernel 2.6.13
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:270
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:334
msgid ""
"In a multithreaded process, the contents of this directory are not available "
"if the main thread has already terminated (typically by calling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:283
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:347
msgid ""
"Programs that will take a filename as a command-line argument, but will not "
"take input from standard input if no argument is supplied, or that write to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:287
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:351
#, no-wrap
msgid "$B< foobar -i /proc/self/fd/0 -o /proc/self/fd/1 ...>\n"
msgstr ""
#. programs that seek on their files, as the files in the fd directory
#. are not seekable.
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:295
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:359
msgid "and you have a working filter."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:305
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:369
msgid ""
"I</proc/self/fd/N> is approximately the same as I</dev/fd/N> in some UNIX "
"and UNIX-like systems. Most Linux MAKEDEV scripts symbolically link "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:319
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:383
msgid ""
"Most systems provide symbolic links I</dev/stdin>, I</dev/stdout>, and "
"I</dev/stderr>, which respectively link to the files I<0>, I<1>, and I<2> in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:323
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:387
#, no-wrap
msgid "$B< foobar -i /dev/stdin -o /dev/stdout ...>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:328
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:392
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/fdinfo/> (since kernel 2.6.22)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:334
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:398
msgid ""
"This is a subdirectory containing one entry for each file which the process "
"has open, named by its file descriptor. The contents of each file can be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:340
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:404
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$B< cat /proc/12015/fdinfo/4>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:351
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:415
msgid ""
"The I<pos> field is a decimal number showing the current file offset. The "
"I<flags> field is an octal number that displays the file access mode and "
"file status flags (see B<open>(2))."
msgstr ""
-#. FIXME document /proc/[pid]/io
-#. .TP
-#. .IR /proc/[pid]/io " (since kernel 2.6.20)"
+#. FIXME
+#. Certain file types include additional info; see
+#. Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
+#
+#. Especially interesting is this:
+#
+#. commit ab49bdecc3ebb46ab661f5f05d5c5ea9606406c6
+#. Author: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
+#. Date: Mon Dec 17 16:05:06 2012 -0800
+#
+#. Basically, the /proc/PID/fdinfo/ entry for an inotify FD
+#. includes the file handles for all watched FDs
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:356
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:430
msgid "The files in this directory are readable only by the owner of the process."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:356
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:430
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I</proc/[pid]/io> (since kernel 2.6.20)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. commit 7c3ab7381e79dfc7db14a67c6f4f3285664e1ec2
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:434
+msgid "This file contains I/O statistics for the process, for example:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:445
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"#B< cat /proc/3828/io>\n"
+"rchar: 323934931\n"
+"wchar: 323929600\n"
+"syscr: 632687\n"
+"syscw: 632675\n"
+"read_bytes: 0\n"
+"write_bytes: 323932160\n"
+"cancelled_write_bytes: 0\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:449 build/C/man5/proc.5:1460
+msgid "The fields are as follows:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:450
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<rchar>: characters read"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:460
+msgid ""
+"The number of bytes which this task has caused to be read from storage. "
+"This is simply the sum of bytes which this process passed to B<read>(2) and "
+"similar system calls. It includes things such as terminal I/O and is "
+"unaffected by whether or not actual physical disk I/O was required (the read "
+"might have been satisfied from pagecache)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:460
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<wchar>: characters written"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:466
+msgid ""
+"The number of bytes which this task has caused, or shall cause to be written "
+"to disk. Similar caveats apply here as with I<rchar>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:466
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<syscr>: read syscalls"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:473
+msgid ""
+"Attempt to count the number of read I/O operations\\(emthat is, system calls "
+"such as B<read>(2) and B<pread>(2)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:473
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<syscw>: write syscalls"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:480
+msgid ""
+"Attempt to count the number of write I/O operations\\(emthat is, system "
+"calls such as B<write>(2) and B<pwrite>(2)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:480
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<read_bytes>: bytes read"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:485
+msgid ""
+"Attempt to count the number of bytes which this process really did cause to "
+"be fetched from the storage layer. This is accurate for block-backed "
+"filesystems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:485
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<write_bytes>: bytes written"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:489
+msgid ""
+"Attempt to count the number of bytes which this process caused to be sent to "
+"the storage layer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:489
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<cancelled_write_bytes>:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:503
+msgid ""
+"The big inaccuracy here is truncate. If a process writes 1MB to a file and "
+"then deletes the file, it will in fact perform no writeout. But it will "
+"have been accounted as having caused 1MB of write. In other words: this "
+"field represents the number of bytes which this process caused to not "
+"happen, by truncating pagecache. A task can cause \"negative\" I/O too. If "
+"this task truncates some dirty pagecache, some I/O which another task has "
+"been accounted for (in its I<write_bytes>) will not be happening."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:511
+msgid ""
+"I<Note>: In the current implementation, things are a bit racy on 32-bit "
+"systems: if process A reads process B's I</proc/[pid]/io> while process B is "
+"updating one of these 64-bit counters, process A could see an intermediate "
+"result."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:511
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/limits> (since kernel 2.6.24)"
msgstr ""
#. commit 3036e7b490bf7878c6dae952eec5fb87b1106589
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:366
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:521
msgid ""
"This file displays the soft limit, hard limit, and units of measurement for "
"each of the process's resource limits (see B<getrlimit>(2)). Up to and "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:366
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:521
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/map_files/> (since kernel 3.3)"
msgstr ""
#. commit 640708a2cff7f81e246243b0073c66e6ece7e53e
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:376
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:531
msgid ""
"This subdirectory contains entries corresponding to memory-mapped files (see "
"B<mmap>(2)). Entries are named by memory region start and end address pair "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:383
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:538
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$B< ls -l /proc/self/map_files/>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:397
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:552
msgid ""
"Although these entries are present for memory regions that were mapped with "
"the B<MAP_FILE> flag, the way anonymous shared memory (regions created with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:403
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:558
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"lrw-------. 1 root root 64 Apr 16 21:33\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:409
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:564
msgid ""
"This directory appears only if the B<CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE> kernel "
"configuration option is enabled."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:409
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:564
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/maps>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:416
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:571
msgid ""
"A file containing the currently mapped memory regions and their access "
"permissions. See B<mmap>(2) for some further information about memory "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:418
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:573
msgid "The format of the file is:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:443
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:598
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"I<address perms offset dev inode pathname>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:452
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:607
msgid ""
"The I<address> field is the address space in the process that the mapping "
"occupies. The I<perms> field is a set of permissions:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:460
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:615
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"r = read\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:473
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:628
msgid ""
"The I<offset> field is the offset into the file/whatever; I<dev> is the "
"device (major:minor); I<inode> is the inode on that device. 0 indicates "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:483
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:638
msgid ""
"The I<pathname> field will usually be the file that is backing the mapping. "
"For ELF files, you can easily coordinate with the I<offset> field by looking "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:485
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:640
msgid "There are additional helpful pseudo-paths:"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:486
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:641
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<[stack]>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:489
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:644
msgid "The initial process's (also known as the main thread's) stack."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:489
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:644
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<[stack:E<lt>tidE<gt>]> (since Linux 3.4)"
msgstr ""
#. commit b76437579d1344b612cf1851ae610c636cec7db0
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:498
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:653
msgid ""
"A thread's stack (where the I<E<lt>tidE<gt>> is a thread ID). It "
"corresponds to the I</proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/> path."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:498
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:653
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<[vdso]>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:501
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:656
msgid "The virtual dynamically linked shared object."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:501
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:656
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<[heap]>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:504
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:659
msgid "The process's heap."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:519
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:673
msgid ""
"If the I<pathname> field is blank, this is an anonymous mapping as obtained "
"via the B<mmap>(2) function. There is no easy way to coordinate this back "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:521
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:675
msgid "Under Linux 2.0 there is no field giving pathname."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:521
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:675
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/mem>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:528
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:682
msgid ""
"This file can be used to access the pages of a process's memory through "
"B<open>(2), B<read>(2), and B<lseek>(2)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:528
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:682
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/mountinfo> (since Linux 2.6.26)"
msgstr ""
#. This info adapted from Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:533
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:687
msgid ""
"This file contains information about mount points. It contains lines of the "
"form:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:538
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:692
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"CW<36 35 98:0 /mnt1 /mnt2 rw,noatime master:1 - ext3 /dev/root "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:542
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:696
msgid "The numbers in parentheses are labels for the descriptions below:"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:543 build/C/man5/proc.5:636
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:697 build/C/man5/proc.5:790
#, no-wrap
msgid "(1)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:547
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:701
msgid "mount ID: unique identifier of the mount (may be reused after B<umount>(2))."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:547 build/C/man5/proc.5:640
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:701 build/C/man5/proc.5:794
#, no-wrap
msgid "(2)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:550
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:704
msgid "parent ID: ID of parent mount (or of self for the top of the mount tree)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:550 build/C/man5/proc.5:643
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:704 build/C/man5/proc.5:797
#, no-wrap
msgid "(3)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:556
-msgid "major:minor: value of I<st_dev> for files on file system (see B<stat>(2))."
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:710
+msgid "major:minor: value of I<st_dev> for files on filesystem (see B<stat>(2))."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:556 build/C/man5/proc.5:646
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:710 build/C/man5/proc.5:800
#, no-wrap
msgid "(4)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:559
-msgid "root: root of the mount within the file system."
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:713
+msgid "root: root of the mount within the filesystem."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:559
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:713
#, no-wrap
msgid "(5)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:562
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:716
msgid "mount point: mount point relative to the process's root."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:562
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:716
#, no-wrap
msgid "(6)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:565
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:719
msgid "mount options: per-mount options."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:565
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:719
#, no-wrap
msgid "(7)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:568
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:722
msgid "optional fields: zero or more fields of the form \"tag[:value]\"."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:568
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:722
#, no-wrap
msgid "(8)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:571
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:725
msgid "separator: marks the end of the optional fields."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:571
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:725
#, no-wrap
msgid "(9)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:574
-msgid "file system type: name of file system in the form \"type[.subtype]\"."
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:728
+msgid "filesystem type: name of filesystem in the form \"type[.subtype]\"."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:574
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:728
#, no-wrap
msgid "(10)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:577
-msgid "mount source: file system-specific information or \"none\"."
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:731
+msgid "mount source: filesystem-specific information or \"none\"."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:577
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:731
#, no-wrap
msgid "(11)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:580
-msgid "super options: per-super block options."
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:734
+msgid "super options: per-superblock options."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:584
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:738
msgid ""
"Parsers should ignore all unrecognized optional fields. Currently the "
"possible optional fields are:"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:585
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:739
#, no-wrap
msgid "shared:X"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:588
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:742
msgid "mount is shared in peer group X"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:588
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:742
#, no-wrap
msgid "master:X"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:591
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:745
msgid "mount is slave to peer group X"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:591
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:745
#, no-wrap
msgid "propagate_from:X"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:594
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:748
msgid "mount is slave and receives propagation from peer group X (*)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:594
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:748
#, no-wrap
msgid "unbindable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:597
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:751
msgid "mount is unbindable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:604
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:758
msgid ""
"(*) X is the closest dominant peer group under the process's root. If X is "
"the immediate master of the mount, or if there is no dominant peer group "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:608
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:762
msgid ""
"For more information on mount propagation see: "
"I<Documentation/filesystems/sharedsubtree.txt> in the Linux kernel source "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:608
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:762
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/mounts> (since Linux 2.4.19)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:623
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:777
msgid ""
-"This is a list of all the file systems currently mounted in the process's "
+"This is a list of all the filesystems currently mounted in the process's "
"mount namespace. The format of this file is documented in B<fstab>(5). "
"Since kernel version 2.6.15, this file is pollable: after opening the file "
-"for reading, a change in this file (i.e., a file system mount or unmount) "
+"for reading, a change in this file (i.e., a filesystem mount or unmount) "
"causes B<select>(2) to mark the file descriptor as readable, and B<poll>(2) "
"and B<epoll_wait>(2) mark the file as having an error condition."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:623
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:777
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/mountstats> (since Linux 2.6.17)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:628
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:782
msgid ""
"This file exports information (statistics, configuration information) about "
"the mount points in the process's name space. Lines in this file have the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:632
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:786
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"device /dev/sda7 mounted on /home with fstype ext3 [statistics]\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:635
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:789
msgid "The fields in each line are:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:640
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:794
msgid ""
"The name of the mounted device (or \"nodevice\" if there is no corresponding "
"device)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:643
-msgid "The mount point within the file system tree."
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:797
+msgid "The mount point within the filesystem tree."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:646
-msgid "The file system type."
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:800
+msgid "The filesystem type."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:651
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:805
msgid ""
"Optional statistics and configuration information. Currently (as at Linux "
-"2.6.26), only NFS file systems export information via this field."
+"2.6.26), only NFS filesystems export information via this field."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:654
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:808
msgid "This file is readable only by the owner of the process."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:654
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:808
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/ns/> (since Linux 3.0)"
msgstr ""
#. See commit 6b4e306aa3dc94a0545eb9279475b1ab6209a31f
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:662
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:816
msgid ""
"This is a subdirectory containing one entry for each namespace that supports "
"being manipulated by B<setns>(2). For information about namespaces, see "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:662
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:816
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/ns/ipc> (since Linux 3.0)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:670
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:824
msgid ""
"Bind mounting this file (see B<mount>(2)) to somewhere else in the "
"filesystem keeps the IPC namespace of the process specified by I<pid> alive "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:679
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:833
msgid ""
"Opening this file returns a file handle for the IPC namespace of the process "
"specified by I<pid>. As long as this file descriptor remains open, the IPC "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:679
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:833
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/ns/net> (since Linux 3.0)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:687
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:841
msgid ""
"Bind mounting this file (see B<mount>(2)) to somewhere else in the "
"filesystem keeps the network namespace of the process specified by I<pid> "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:696
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:850
msgid ""
"Opening this file returns a file handle for the network namespace of the "
"process specified by I<pid>. As long as this file descriptor remains open, "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:696
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:850
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/ns/uts> (since Linux 3.0)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:704
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:858
msgid ""
"Bind mounting this file (see B<mount>(2)) to somewhere else in the "
"filesystem keeps the UTS namespace of the process specified by I<pid> alive "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:713
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:867
msgid ""
"Opening this file returns a file handle for the UTS namespace of the process "
"specified by I<pid>. As long as this file descriptor remains open, the UTS "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:713
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:867
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/numa_maps> (since Linux 2.6.14)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:717
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:871
msgid "See B<numa>(7)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:717
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:871
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/oom_adj> (since Linux 2.6.11)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:730
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:884
msgid ""
"This file can be used to adjust the score used to select which process "
"should be killed in an out-of-memory (OOM) situation. The kernel uses this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:738
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:892
msgid ""
"The default value for this file is 0; a new process inherits its parent's "
"I<oom_adj> setting. A process must be privileged (B<CAP_SYS_RESOURCE>) to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:741
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:895
msgid ""
"Since Linux 2.6.36, use of this file is deprecated in favor of "
"I</proc/[pid]/oom_score_adj>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:741
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:895
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/oom_score> (since Linux 2.6.11)"
msgstr ""
#. See mm/oom_kill.c::badness() in the 2.6.25 sources
#. See mm/oom_kill.c::badness() in the 2.6.25 sources
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:752
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:906
msgid ""
"This file displays the current score that the kernel gives to this process "
"for the purpose of selecting a process for the OOM-killer. A higher score "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:757
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:911
msgid "whether the process creates a lot of children using B<fork>(2) (+);"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:760
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:914
msgid ""
"whether the process has been running a long time, or has used a lot of CPU "
"time (-);"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:762
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:916
msgid "whether the process has a low nice value (i.e., E<gt> 0) (+);"
msgstr ""
#. More precisely, if it has CAP_SYS_ADMIN or CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:765
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:919
msgid "whether the process is privileged (-); and"
msgstr ""
#. More precisely, if it has CAP_SYS_RAWIO
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:768
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:922
msgid "whether the process is making direct hardware access (-)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:777
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:931
msgid ""
"The I<oom_score> also reflects the adjustment specified by the "
"I<oom_score_adj> or I<oom_adj> setting for the process."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:777
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:931
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/oom_score_adj> (since Linux 2.6.36)"
msgstr ""
#. Text taken from 3.7 Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:782
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:936
msgid ""
"This file can be used to adjust the badness heuristic used to select which "
"process gets killed in out-of-memory conditions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:791
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:945
msgid ""
"The badness heuristic assigns a value to each candidate task ranging from 0 "
"(never kill) to 1000 (always kill) to determine which process is targeted. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:794
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:948
msgid ""
"There is an additional factor included in the badness score: root processes "
"are given 3% extra memory over other tasks."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:808
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:962
msgid ""
"The amount of \"allowed\" memory depends on the context in which the "
"OOM-killer was called. If it is due to the memory assigned to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:821
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:975
msgid ""
"The value of I<oom_score_adj> is added to the badness score before it is "
"used to determine which task to kill. Acceptable values range from -1000 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:833
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:987
msgid ""
"Consequently, it is very simple for user space to define the amount of "
"memory to consider for each task. Setting a I<oom_score_adj> value of +500, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:840
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:994
msgid ""
"For backward compatibility with previous kernels, I</proc/[pid]/oom_adj> can "
"still be used to tune the badness score. Its value is scaled linearly with "
#. Added in 2.6.25
#. CONFIG_PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:849
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1003
msgid ""
"Writing to I</proc/[pid]/oom_score_adj> or I</proc/[pid]/oom_adj> will "
"change the other with its scaled value."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:849
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1003
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/root>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:857
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1014
msgid ""
-"UNIX and Linux support the idea of a per-process root of the file system, "
-"set by the B<chroot>(2) system call. This file is a symbolic link that "
-"points to the process's root directory, and behaves as exe, fd/*, etc. do."
+"UNIX and Linux support the idea of a per-process root of the filesystem, set "
+"by the B<chroot>(2) system call. This file is a symbolic link that points "
+"to the process's root directory, and behaves in the same way as I<exe>, and "
+"I<fd/*>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:877
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1034
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/smaps> (since Linux 2.6.14)"
msgstr ""
-#. CONFIG_PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:882
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1038
msgid ""
"This file shows memory consumption for each of the process's mappings. For "
-"each of mappings there is a series of lines such as the following:"
+"each mapping there is a series of lines such as the following:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:892
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1056
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
-"08048000-080bc000 r-xp 00000000 03:02 13130 /bin/bash\n"
-"Size: 464 kB\n"
-"Rss: 424 kB\n"
-"Shared_Clean: 424 kB\n"
-"Shared_Dirty: 0 kB\n"
-"Private_Clean: 0 kB\n"
-"Private_Dirty: 0 kB\n"
+"00400000-0048a000 r-xp 00000000 fd:03 960637 /bin/bash\n"
+"Size: 552 kB\n"
+"Rss: 460 kB\n"
+"Pss: 100 kB\n"
+"Shared_Clean: 452 kB\n"
+"Shared_Dirty: 0 kB\n"
+"Private_Clean: 8 kB\n"
+"Private_Dirty: 0 kB\n"
+"Referenced: 460 kB\n"
+"Anonymous: 0 kB\n"
+"AnonHugePages: 0 kB\n"
+"Swap: 0 kB\n"
+"KernelPageSize: 4 kB\n"
+"MMUPageSize: 4 kB\n"
+"Locked: 0 kB\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:902
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1073
msgid ""
"The first of these lines shows the same information as is displayed for the "
"mapping in I</proc/[pid]/maps>. The remaining lines show the size of the "
-"mapping, the amount of the mapping that is currently resident in RAM, the "
+"mapping, the amount of the mapping that is currently resident in RAM "
+"(\"Rss\"), the process' proportional share of this mapping (\"Pss\"), the "
"number of clean and dirty shared pages in the mapping, and the number of "
-"clean and dirty private pages in the mapping."
+"clean and dirty private pages in the mapping. \"Referenced\" indicates the "
+"amount of memory currently marked as referenced or accessed. \"Anonymous\" "
+"shows the amount of memory that does not belong to any file. \"Swap\" shows "
+"how much would-be-anonymous memory is also used, but out on swap."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1081
+msgid ""
+"The \"KernelPageSize\" entry is the page size used by the kernel to back a "
+"VMA. This matches the size used by the MMU in the majority of cases. "
+"However, one counter-example occurs on PPC64 kernels whereby a kernel using "
+"64K as a base page size may still use 4K pages for the MMU on older "
+"processors. To distinguish, this patch reports \"MMUPageSize\" as the page "
+"size used by the MMU."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1084
+msgid "The \"Locked\" indicates whether the mapping is locked in memory or not."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1088
+msgid ""
+"\"VmFlags\" field represents the kernel flags associated with the particular "
+"virtual memory area in two letter encoded manner. The codes are the "
+"following:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1117
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" rd - readable\n"
+" wr - writable\n"
+" ex - executable\n"
+" sh - shared\n"
+" mr - may read\n"
+" mw - may write\n"
+" me - may execute\n"
+" ms - may share\n"
+" gd - stack segment growns down\n"
+" pf - pure PFN range\n"
+" dw - disabled write to the mapped file\n"
+" lo - pages are locked in memory\n"
+" io - memory mapped I/O area\n"
+" sr - sequential read advise provided\n"
+" rr - random read advise provided\n"
+" dc - do not copy area on fork\n"
+" de - do not expand area on remapping\n"
+" ac - area is accountable\n"
+" nr - swap space is not reserved for the area\n"
+" ht - area uses huge tlb pages\n"
+" nl - non-linear mapping\n"
+" ar - architecture specific flag\n"
+" dd - do not include area into core dump\n"
+" sd - soft-dirty flag\n"
+" mm - mixed map area\n"
+" hg - huge page advise flag\n"
+" nh - no-huge page advise flag\n"
+" mg - mergable advise flag\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1123
+msgid ""
+"The I</proc/[pid]/smaps> file is present only if the "
+"B<CONFIG_PROC_PAGE_MONITOR> kernel configuration option is enabled."
msgstr ""
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1123
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I</proc/[pid]/stack> (since Linux 2.6.29)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. 2ec220e27f5040aec1e88901c1b6ea3d135787ad
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:907
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1131
msgid ""
-"This file is present only if the B<CONFIG_MMU> kernel configuration option "
-"is enabled."
+"This file provides a symbolic trace of the function calls in this process's "
+"kernel stack. This file is provided only if the kernel was built with the "
+"B<CONFIG_STACKTRACE> configuration option."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:907
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1131
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/stat>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:914
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1138
msgid ""
"Status information about the process. This is used by B<ps>(1). It is "
"defined in I</usr/src/linux/fs/proc/array.c>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:918
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1142
msgid "The fields, in order, with their proper B<scanf>(3) format specifiers, are:"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:919
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1143
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<pid> %d"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:922
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1146
msgid "(1) The process ID."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:922
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1146
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<comm> %s"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:926
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1150
msgid ""
"(2) The filename of the executable, in parentheses. This is visible whether "
"or not the executable is swapped out."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:926
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1150
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<state> %c"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:932
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1156
msgid ""
"(3) One character from the string \"RSDZTW\" where R is running, S is "
"sleeping in an interruptible wait, D is waiting in uninterruptible disk "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:932
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1156
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<ppid> %d"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:935
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1159
msgid "(4) The PID of the parent."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:935
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1159
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<pgrp> %d"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:938
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1162
msgid "(5) The process group ID of the process."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:938
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1162
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<session> %d"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:941
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1165
msgid "(6) The session ID of the process."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:941
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1165
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<tty_nr> %d"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:947
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1171
msgid ""
"(7) The controlling terminal of the process. (The minor device number is "
"contained in the combination of bits 31 to 20 and 7 to 0; the major device "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:947
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1171
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<tpgid> %d"
msgstr ""
#. This field and following, up to and including wchan added 0.99.1
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:952
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1176
msgid ""
"(8) The ID of the foreground process group of the controlling terminal of "
"the process."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:952
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1176
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<flags> %u (%lu before Linux 2.6.22)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:959
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1183
msgid ""
"(9) The kernel flags word of the process. For bit meanings, see the PF_* "
"defines in the Linux kernel source file I<include/linux/sched.h>. Details "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:959
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1183
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<minflt> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:963
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1187
msgid ""
"(10) The number of minor faults the process has made which have not required "
"loading a memory page from disk."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:963
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1187
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<cminflt> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:967
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1191
msgid ""
"(11) The number of minor faults that the process's waited-for children have "
"made."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:967
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1191
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<majflt> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:971
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1195
msgid ""
"(12) The number of major faults the process has made which have required "
"loading a memory page from disk."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:971
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1195
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<cmajflt> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:975
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1199
msgid ""
"(13) The number of major faults that the process's waited-for children have "
"made."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:975
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1199
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<utime> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:984
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1208
msgid ""
"(14) Amount of time that this process has been scheduled in user mode, "
"measured in clock ticks (divide by I<sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK)>). This includes "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:984
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1208
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<stime> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:989
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1213
msgid ""
"(15) Amount of time that this process has been scheduled in kernel mode, "
"measured in clock ticks (divide by I<sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK)>)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:989
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1213
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<cutime> %ld"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:999
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1223
msgid ""
"(16) Amount of time that this process's waited-for children have been "
"scheduled in user mode, measured in clock ticks (divide by "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:999
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1223
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<cstime> %ld"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1005
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1229
msgid ""
"(17) Amount of time that this process's waited-for children have been "
"scheduled in kernel mode, measured in clock ticks (divide by "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1005
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1229
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<priority> %ld"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1022
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1246
msgid ""
"(18) (Explanation for Linux 2.6) For processes running a real-time "
"scheduling policy (I<policy> below; see B<sched_setscheduler>(2)), this is "
#. And back in kernel 1.2 days things were different again.
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1026
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1250
msgid ""
"Before Linux 2.6, this was a scaled value based on the scheduler weighting "
"given to this process."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1026
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1250
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<nice> %ld"
msgstr ""
#. The time in jiffies of the process's next timeout.
#. timeout was removed sometime around 2.1/2.2
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1041
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1265
msgid ""
"(19) The nice value (see B<setpriority>(2)), a value in the range 19 (low "
"priority) to -20 (high priority)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1041
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1265
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<num_threads> %ld"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1046
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1270
msgid ""
"(20) Number of threads in this process (since Linux 2.6). Before kernel "
"2.6, this field was hard coded to 0 as a placeholder for an earlier removed "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1046
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1270
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<itrealvalue> %ld"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1053
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1277
msgid ""
"(21) The time in jiffies before the next B<SIGALRM> is sent to the process "
"due to an interval timer. Since kernel 2.6.17, this field is no longer "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1053
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1277
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<starttime> %llu (was %lu before Linux 2.6)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1059
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1283
msgid ""
"(22) The time the process started after system boot. In kernels before "
"Linux 2.6, this value was expressed in jiffies. Since Linux 2.6, the value "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1059
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1283
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<vsize> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1062
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1286
msgid "(23) Virtual memory size in bytes."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1062
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1286
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<rss> %ld"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1069
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1293
msgid ""
"(24) Resident Set Size: number of pages the process has in real memory. "
"This is just the pages which count toward text, data, or stack space. This "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1069
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1293
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<rsslim> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1076
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1300
msgid ""
"(25) Current soft limit in bytes on the rss of the process; see the "
"description of B<RLIMIT_RSS> in B<getrlimit>(2)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1076
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1300
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<startcode> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1079
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1303
msgid "(26) The address above which program text can run."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1079
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1303
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<endcode> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1082
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1306
msgid "(27) The address below which program text can run."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1082
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1306
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<startstack> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1085
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1309
msgid "(28) The address of the start (i.e., bottom) of the stack."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1085
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1309
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<kstkesp> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1089
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1313
msgid ""
"(29) The current value of ESP (stack pointer), as found in the kernel stack "
"page for the process."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1089
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1313
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<kstkeip> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1092
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1316
msgid "(30) The current EIP (instruction pointer)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1092
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1316
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<signal> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1098
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1322
msgid ""
"(31) The bitmap of pending signals, displayed as a decimal number. "
"Obsolete, because it does not provide information on real-time signals; use "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1098
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1322
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<blocked> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1104
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1328
msgid ""
"(32) The bitmap of blocked signals, displayed as a decimal number. "
"Obsolete, because it does not provide information on real-time signals; use "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1104
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1328
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<sigignore> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1110
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1334
msgid ""
"(33) The bitmap of ignored signals, displayed as a decimal number. "
"Obsolete, because it does not provide information on real-time signals; use "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1110
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1334
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<sigcatch> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1116
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1340
msgid ""
"(34) The bitmap of caught signals, displayed as a decimal number. Obsolete, "
"because it does not provide information on real-time signals; use "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1116
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1340
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<wchan> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1126
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1346
msgid ""
"(35) This is the \"channel\" in which the process is waiting. It is the "
-"address of a system call, and can be looked up in a namelist if you need a "
-"textual name. (If you have an up-to-date I</etc/psdatabase>, then try I<ps "
-"-l> to see the WCHAN field in action.)"
+"address of a location in the kernel where the process is sleeping. The "
+"corresponding symbolic name can be found in I</proc/[pid]/wchan>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1126
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1346
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<nswap> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. nswap was added in 2.0
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1131
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1351
msgid "(36) Number of pages swapped (not maintained)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1131
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1351
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<cnswap> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. cnswap was added in 2.0
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1136
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1356
msgid "(37) Cumulative I<nswap> for child processes (not maintained)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1136
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1356
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<exit_signal> %d (since Linux 2.1.22)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1139
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1359
msgid "(38) Signal to be sent to parent when we die."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1139
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1359
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<processor> %d (since Linux 2.2.8)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1142
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1362
msgid "(39) CPU number last executed on."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1142
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1362
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<rt_priority> %u (since Linux 2.5.19; was %lu before Linux 2.6.22)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1148
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1368
msgid ""
"(40) Real-time scheduling priority, a number in the range 1 to 99 for "
"processes scheduled under a real-time policy, or 0, for non-real-time "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1148
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1368
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<policy> %u (since Linux 2.5.19; was %lu before Linux 2.6.22)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1154
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1374
msgid ""
"(41) Scheduling policy (see B<sched_setscheduler>(2)). Decode using the "
"SCHED_* constants in I<linux/sched.h>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1154
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1374
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<delayacct_blkio_ticks> %llu (since Linux 2.6.18)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1157
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1377
msgid "(42) Aggregated block I/O delays, measured in clock ticks (centiseconds)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1157
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1377
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<guest_time> %lu (since Linux 2.6.24)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1162
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1382
msgid ""
"(43) Guest time of the process (time spent running a virtual CPU for a guest "
"operating system), measured in clock ticks (divide by "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1162
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1382
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<cguest_time> %ld (since Linux 2.6.24)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1166
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1386
msgid ""
"(44) Guest time of the process's children, measured in clock ticks (divide "
"by I<sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK)>)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1167
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1387
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/statm>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1171
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1391
msgid ""
"Provides information about memory usage, measured in pages. The columns "
"are:"
#. (not including libs; broken, includes data segment)
#. (including libs; broken, includes library text)
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1185
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1405
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"size (1) total program size\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1187
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1407
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/status>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1195
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1415
msgid ""
"Provides much of the information in I</proc/[pid]/stat> and "
"I</proc/[pid]/statm> in a format that's easier for humans to parse. Here's "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1236
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1456
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$B< cat /proc/$$/status>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1240
-msgid "The fields are as follows:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1244
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1464
msgid "I<Name>: Command run by this process."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1256
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1476
msgid ""
"I<State>: Current state of the process. One of \"R (running)\", \"S "
"(sleeping)\", \"D (disk sleep)\", \"T (stopped)\", \"T (tracing stop)\", \"Z "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1259
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1479
msgid "I<Tgid>: Thread group ID (i.e., Process ID)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1263
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1483
msgid "I<Pid>: Thread ID (see B<gettid>(2))."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1266
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1486
msgid "I<PPid>: PID of parent process."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1269
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1489
msgid "I<TracerPid>: PID of process tracing this process (0 if not being traced)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1272
-msgid "I<Uid>, I<Gid>: Real, effective, saved set, and file system UIDs (GIDs)."
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1492
+msgid "I<Uid>, I<Gid>: Real, effective, saved set, and filesystem UIDs (GIDs)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1275
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1495
msgid "I<FDSize>: Number of file descriptor slots currently allocated."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1278
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1498
msgid "I<Groups>: Supplementary group list."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1281
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1501
msgid "I<VmPeak>: Peak virtual memory size."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1284
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1504
msgid "I<VmSize>: Virtual memory size."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1288
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1508
msgid "I<VmLck>: Locked memory size (see B<mlock>(3))."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1291
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1511
msgid "I<VmHWM>: Peak resident set size (\"high water mark\")."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1294
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1514
msgid "I<VmRSS>: Resident set size."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1297
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1517
msgid "I<VmData>, I<VmStk>, I<VmExe>: Size of data, stack, and text segments."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1300
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1520
msgid "I<VmLib>: Shared library code size."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1303
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1523
msgid "I<VmPTE>: Page table entries size (since Linux 2.6.10)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1306
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1526
msgid "I<Threads>: Number of threads in process containing this thread."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1317
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1537
msgid ""
"I<SigQ>: This field contains two slash-separated numbers that relate to "
"queued signals for the real user ID of this process. The first of these is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1323
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1543
msgid ""
"I<SigPnd>, I<ShdPnd>: Number of signals pending for thread and for process "
"as a whole (see B<pthreads>(7) and B<signal>(7))."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1327
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1547
msgid ""
"I<SigBlk>, I<SigIgn>, I<SigCgt>: Masks indicating signals being blocked, "
"ignored, and caught (see B<signal>(7))."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1332
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1552
msgid ""
"I<CapInh>, I<CapPrm>, I<CapEff>: Masks of capabilities enabled in "
"inheritable, permitted, and effective sets (see B<capabilities>(7))."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1337
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1557
msgid ""
"I<CapBnd>: Capability Bounding set (since kernel 2.6.26, see "
"B<capabilities>(7))."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1342
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1562
msgid ""
"I<Cpus_allowed>: Mask of CPUs on which this process may run (since Linux "
"2.6.24, see B<cpuset>(7))."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1347
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1567
msgid ""
"I<Cpus_allowed_list>: Same as previous, but in \"list format\" (since Linux "
"2.6.26, see B<cpuset>(7))."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1352
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1572
msgid ""
"I<Mems_allowed>: Mask of memory nodes allowed to this process (since Linux "
"2.6.24, see B<cpuset>(7))."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1357
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1577
msgid ""
"I<Mems_allowed_list>: Same as previous, but in \"list format\" (since Linux "
"2.6.26, see B<cpuset>(7))."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1360
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1580
msgid ""
"I<voluntary_context_switches>, I<nonvoluntary_context_switches>: Number of "
"voluntary and involuntary context switches (since Linux 2.6.23)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1361
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1581
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/[pid]/task> (since Linux 2.6.0-test6)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1392
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1612
msgid ""
"This is a directory that contains one subdirectory for each thread in the "
"process. The name of each subdirectory is the numerical thread ID "
#. The following was still true as at kernel 2.6.13
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1399
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1619
msgid ""
"In a multithreaded process, the contents of the I</proc/[pid]/task> "
"directory are not available if the main thread has already terminated "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1399
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1619
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I</proc/[pid]/wchan> (since Linux 2.6.0)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1623
+msgid ""
+"The symbolic name corresponding to the location in the kernel where the "
+"process is sleeping."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1623
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/apm>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1404
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1628
msgid ""
"Advanced power management version and battery information when B<CONFIG_APM> "
"is defined at kernel compilation time."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1404
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1628
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/bus>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1407
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1631
msgid "Contains subdirectories for installed busses."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1407
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1631
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/bus/pccard>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1412
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1636
msgid ""
"Subdirectory for PCMCIA devices when B<CONFIG_PCMCIA> is set at kernel "
"compilation time."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1412
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1636
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I</proc/[pid]/timers> (since Linux 3.10)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. commit 5ed67f05f66c41e39880a6d61358438a25f9fee5
+#. commit 48f6a7a511ef8823fdff39afee0320092d43a8a0
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1643
+msgid ""
+"A list of the POSIX timers for this process. Each timer is listed with a "
+"line that started with the string \"ID:\". For example:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1654
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"ID: 1\n"
+"signal: 60/00007fff86e452a8\n"
+"notify: signal/pid.2634\n"
+"ClockID: 0\n"
+"ID: 0\n"
+"signal: 60/00007fff86e452a8\n"
+"notify: signal/pid.2634\n"
+"ClockID: 1\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1658
+msgid "The lines shown for each timer have the following meanings:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1659
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<ID>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1670
+msgid ""
+"The ID for this timer. This is not the same as the timer ID returned by "
+"B<timer_create>(2); rather, it is the same kernel-internal ID that is "
+"available via the I<si_timerid> field of the I<siginfo_t> structure (see "
+"B<sigaction>(2))."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1670
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<signal>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1677
+msgid ""
+"This is the signal number that this timer uses to deliver notifications "
+"followed by a slash, and then the I<sigev_value.sival_ptr> value supplied to "
+"the signal handler. Valid only for timers that notify via a signal."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1677
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<notify>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1688
+msgid ""
+"The part before the slash specifies the mechanism that this timer uses to "
+"deliver notifications, and is one of \"thread\", \"signal\", or \"none\". "
+"Immediately following the slash is either the string \"tid\" for timers with "
+"B<SIGEV_THREAD_ID> notification, or \"pid\" for timers that notify by other "
+"mechanisms. Following the \".\" is the PID of the process that will be "
+"delivered a signal if the timer delivers notifications via a signal."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1688
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I<ClockID>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1701
+msgid ""
+"This field identifies the clock that the timer uses for measuring time. For "
+"most clocks, this is a number that matches one of the user-space B<CLOCK_*> "
+"constants exposed via I<E<lt>time.hE<gt>>. B<CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID> "
+"timers display with a value of -6 in this field. B<CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID> "
+"timers display with a value of -2 in this field."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1702
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/bus/pccard/drivers>"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1414
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1704
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/bus/pci>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1420
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1710
msgid ""
"Contains various bus subdirectories and pseudo-files containing information "
"about PCI busses, installed devices, and device drivers. Some of these "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1420
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1710
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/bus/pci/devices>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1427
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1717
msgid ""
"Information about PCI devices. They may be accessed through B<lspci>(8) "
"and B<setpci>(8)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1427
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1717
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/cmdline>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1434
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1724
msgid ""
"Arguments passed to the Linux kernel at boot time. Often done via a boot "
"manager such as B<lilo>(8) or B<grub>(8)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1434
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1724
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/config.gz> (since Linux 2.6)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1452
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1742
msgid ""
"This file exposes the configuration options that were used to build the "
"currently running kernel, in the same format as they would be shown in the "
"I<.config> file that resulted when configuring the kernel (using I<make "
"xconfig>, I<make config>, or similar). The file contents are compressed; "
-"view or search them using B<zcat>(1), B<zgrep>(1), etc. As long as no "
+"view or search them using B<zcat>(1) and B<zgrep>(1). As long as no "
"changes have been made to the following file, the contents of "
"I</proc/config.gz> are the same as those provided by :"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1456
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1746
#, no-wrap
msgid "cat /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build/.config\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1462
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1752
msgid ""
"I</proc/config.gz> is provided only if the kernel is configured with "
"B<CONFIG_IKCONFIG_PROC>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1462
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1752
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/cpuinfo>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1474
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1764
msgid ""
"This is a collection of CPU and system architecture dependent items, for "
"each supported architecture a different list. Two common entries are "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1474
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1764
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/devices>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1478
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1768
msgid ""
"Text listing of major numbers and device groups. This can be used by "
"MAKEDEV scripts for consistency with the kernel."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1478
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1768
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/diskstats> (since Linux 2.5.69)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1484
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1774
msgid ""
"This file contains disk I/O statistics for each disk device. See the Linux "
"kernel source file I<Documentation/iostats.txt> for further information."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1484
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1774
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/dma>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1488
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1778
msgid ""
"This is a list of the registered I<ISA> DMA (direct memory access) channels "
"in use."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1488
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1778
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/driver>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1491 build/C/man5/proc.5:1519
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1781 build/C/man5/proc.5:1809
msgid "Empty subdirectory."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1491
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1781
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/execdomains>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1494
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1784
msgid "List of the execution domains (ABI personalities)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1494
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1784
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/fb>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1499
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1789
msgid ""
"Frame buffer information when B<CONFIG_FB> is defined during kernel "
"compilation."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1499
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1789
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/filesystems>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1509
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1799
msgid ""
-"A text listing of the file systems which are supported by the kernel, namely "
-"file systems which were compiled into the kernel or whose kernel modules are "
-"currently loaded. (See also B<filesystems>(5).) If a file system is marked "
+"A text listing of the filesystems which are supported by the kernel, namely "
+"filesystems which were compiled into the kernel or whose kernel modules are "
+"currently loaded. (See also B<filesystems>(5).) If a filesystem is marked "
"with \"nodev\", this means that it does not require a block device to be "
-"mounted (e.g., virtual file system, network file system)."
+"mounted (e.g., virtual filesystem, network filesystem)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1516
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1806
msgid ""
-"Incidentally, this file may be used by B<mount>(8) when no file system is "
-"specified and it didn't manage to determine the file system type. Then file "
-"systems contained in this file are tried (excepted those that are marked "
+"Incidentally, this file may be used by B<mount>(8) when no filesystem is "
+"specified and it didn't manage to determine the filesystem type. Then "
+"filesystems contained in this file are tried (excepted those that are marked "
"with \"nodev\")."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1516
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1806
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/fs>"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1519
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1809
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/ide>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1525
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1815
msgid ""
"This directory exists on systems with the IDE bus. There are directories "
"for each IDE channel and attached device. Files include:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1538
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1828
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"cache buffer size in KB\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1544
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1834
msgid ""
"The B<hdparm>(8) utility provides access to this information in a friendly "
"format."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1544
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1834
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/interrupts>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1554
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1844
msgid ""
"This is used to record the number of interrupts per CPU per IO device. "
"Since Linux 2.6.24, for the i386 and x86_64 architectures, at least, this "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1554
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1844
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/iomem>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1557
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1847
msgid "I/O memory map in Linux 2.4."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1557
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1847
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/ioports>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1561
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1851
msgid ""
"This is a list of currently registered Input-Output port regions that are in "
"use."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1561
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1851
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/kallsyms> (since Linux 2.5.71)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1569
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1859
msgid ""
"This holds the kernel exported symbol definitions used by the B<modules>(X) "
"tools to dynamically link and bind loadable modules. In Linux 2.5.47 and "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1569
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1859
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/kcore>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1578
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1868
msgid ""
"This file represents the physical memory of the system and is stored in the "
"ELF core file format. With this pseudo-file, and an unstripped kernel "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1581
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1871
msgid "The total length of the file is the size of physical memory (RAM) plus 4KB."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1581
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1871
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/kmsg>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1593
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1883
msgid ""
"This file can be used instead of the B<syslog>(2) system call to read "
"kernel messages. A process must have superuser privileges to read this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1597
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1887
msgid "Information in this file is retrieved with the B<dmesg>(1) program."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1597
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1887
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/ksyms> (Linux 1.1.23-2.5.47)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1601
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1891
msgid "See I</proc/kallsyms>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1601
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1891
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/loadavg>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1616
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1906
msgid ""
"The first three fields in this file are load average figures giving the "
"number of jobs in the run queue (state R) or waiting for disk I/O (state D) "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1616
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1906
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/locks>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1622
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1912
msgid ""
"This file shows current file locks (B<flock>(2) and B<fcntl>(2)) and leases "
"(B<fcntl>(2))."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1622
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1912
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/malloc> (only up to and including Linux 2.2)"
msgstr ""
#. It looks like this only ever did something back in 1.0 days
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1628
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1918
msgid ""
"This file is present only if B<CONFIG_DEBUG_MALLOC> was defined during "
"compilation."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1628
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1918
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/meminfo>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1644
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1934
msgid ""
"This file reports statistics about memory usage on the system. It is used "
"by B<free>(1) to report the amount of free and used memory (both physical "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1645
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1935
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<MemTotal> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1649
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1939
msgid ""
-"Total usable RAM (i.e. physical RAM minus a few reserved bits and the kernel "
-"binary code)."
+"Total usable RAM (i.e., physical RAM minus a few reserved bits and the "
+"kernel binary code)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1649
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1939
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<MemFree> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1653
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1943
msgid "The sum of I<LowFree>+I<HighFree>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1653
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1943
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Buffers> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1657
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1947
msgid ""
"Relatively temporary storage for raw disk blocks that shouldn't get "
"tremendously large (20MB or so)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1657
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1947
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Cached> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1662
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1952
msgid ""
"In-memory cache for files read from the disk (the page cache). Doesn't "
"include I<SwapCached>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1662
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1952
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<SwapCached> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1670
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1960
msgid ""
"Memory that once was swapped out, is swapped back in but still also is in "
"the swap file. (If memory pressure is high, these pages don't need to be "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1670
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1960
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Active> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1674
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1964
msgid ""
"Memory that has been used more recently and usually not reclaimed unless "
"absolutely necessary."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1674
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1964
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Inactive> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1678
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1968
msgid ""
"Memory which has been less recently used. It is more eligible to be "
"reclaimed for other purposes."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1678
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1968
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Active(anon)> %lu (since Linux 2.6.28)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1681 build/C/man5/proc.5:1684 build/C/man5/proc.5:1687 build/C/man5/proc.5:1690 build/C/man5/proc.5:1755
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1971 build/C/man5/proc.5:1974 build/C/man5/proc.5:1977 build/C/man5/proc.5:1980 build/C/man5/proc.5:2045
msgid "[To be documented.]"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1681
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1971
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Inactive(anon)> %lu (since Linux 2.6.28)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1684
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1974
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Active(file)> %lu (since Linux 2.6.28)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1687
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1977
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Inactive(file)> %lu (since Linux 2.6.28)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1690
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1980
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Unevictable> %lu (since Linux 2.6.28)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1695 build/C/man5/proc.5:1700
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1985 build/C/man5/proc.5:1990
msgid ""
"(From Linux 2.6.28 to 2.6.30, B<CONFIG_UNEVICTABLE_LRU> was required.) [To "
"be documented.]"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1695
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1985
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Mlocked> %lu (since Linux 2.6.28)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1700
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1990
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<HighTotal> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1709
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1999
msgid ""
"(Starting with Linux 2.6.19, B<CONFIG_HIGHMEM> is required.) Total amount "
"of highmem. Highmem is all memory above ~860MB of physical memory. Highmem "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1709
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1999
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<HighFree> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1713
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2003
msgid ""
"(Starting with Linux 2.6.19, B<CONFIG_HIGHMEM> is required.) Amount of free "
"highmem."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1713
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2003
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<LowTotal> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1725
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2015
msgid ""
"(Starting with Linux 2.6.19, B<CONFIG_HIGHMEM> is required.) Total amount "
"of lowmem. Lowmem is memory which can be used for everything that highmem "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1725
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2015
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<LowFree> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1729
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2019
msgid ""
"(Starting with Linux 2.6.19, B<CONFIG_HIGHMEM> is required.) Amount of free "
"lowmem."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1729
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2019
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<MmapCopy> %lu (since Linux 2.6.29)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1734
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2024
msgid "(B<CONFIG_MMU> is required.) [To be documented.]"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1734
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2024
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<SwapTotal> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1737
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2027
msgid "Total amount of swap space available."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1737
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2027
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<SwapFree> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1740
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2030
msgid "Amount of swap space that is currently unused."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1740
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2030
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Dirty> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1743
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2033
msgid "Memory which is waiting to get written back to the disk."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1743
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2033
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Writeback> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1746
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2036
msgid "Memory which is actively being written back to the disk."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1746
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2036
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<AnonPages> %lu (since Linux 2.6.18)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1749
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2039
msgid "Non-file backed pages mapped into user-space page tables."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1749
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2039
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Mapped> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1752
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2042
msgid "Files which have been mmaped, such as libraries."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1752
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2042
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Shmem> %lu (since Linux 2.6.32)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1755
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2045
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Slab> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1758
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2048
msgid "In-kernel data structures cache."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1758
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2048
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<SReclaimable> %lu (since Linux 2.6.19)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1763
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2053
msgid "Part of I<Slab>, that might be reclaimed, such as caches."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1763
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2053
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<SUnreclaim> %lu (since Linux 2.6.19)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1768
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2058
msgid "Part of I<Slab>, that cannot be reclaimed on memory pressure."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1768
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2058
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<KernelStack> %lu (since Linux 2.6.32)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1771
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2061
msgid "Amount of memory allocated to kernel stacks."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1771
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2061
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<PageTables> %lu (since Linux 2.6.18)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1774
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2064
msgid "Amount of memory dedicated to the lowest level of page tables."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1774
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2064
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Quicklists> %lu (since Linux 2.6.27)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1778
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2068
msgid "(B<CONFIG_QUICKLIST> is required.) [To be documented.]"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1778
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2068
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<NFS_Unstable> %lu (since Linux 2.6.18)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1781
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2071
msgid "NFS pages sent to the server, but not yet committed to stable storage."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1781
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2071
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Bounce> %lu (since Linux 2.6.18)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1784
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2074
msgid "Memory used for block device \"bounce buffers\"."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1784
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2074
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<WritebackTmp> %lu (since Linux 2.6.26)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1787
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2077
msgid "Memory used by FUSE for temporary writeback buffers."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1787
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2077
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<CommitLimit> %lu (since Linux 2.6.10)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1798
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2088
msgid ""
"Based on the overcommit ratio ('vm.overcommit_ratio'), this is the total "
"amount of memory currently available to be allocated on the system. This "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1800
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2092
#, no-wrap
-msgid " CommitLimit = (overcommit_ratio * Physical RAM) + Swap\n"
+msgid ""
+" CommitLimit =\n"
+" ([total RAM pages] - [total huge TLB pages]) *\n"
+" overcommit_ratio / 100 + [total swap pages]\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1810
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2102
msgid ""
"For example, on a system with 1GB of physical RAM and 7GB of swap with a "
"I<overcommit_ratio> of 30, this formula yields a I<CommitLimit> of 7.3GB. "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1810
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2102
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Committed_AS> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1830
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2122
msgid ""
"The amount of memory presently allocated on the system. The committed "
"memory is a sum of all of the memory which has been allocated by processes, "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1830
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2122
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<VmallocTotal> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1833
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2125
msgid "Total size of vmalloc memory area."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1833
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2125
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<VmallocUsed> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1836
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2128
msgid "Amount of vmalloc area which is used."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1836
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2128
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<VmallocChunk> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1839
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2131
msgid "Largest contiguous block of vmalloc area which is free."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1839
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2131
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<HardwareCorrupted> %lu (since Linux 2.6.32)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1843
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2135
msgid "(B<CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE> is required.) [To be documented.]"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1843
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2135
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<AnonHugePages> %lu (since Linux 2.6.38)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1847
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2139
msgid ""
"(B<CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE> is required.) Non-file backed huge pages "
"mapped into user-space page tables."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1847
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2139
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<HugePages_Total> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1851
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2143
msgid "(B<CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE> is required.) The size of the pool of huge pages."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1851
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2143
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<HugePages_Free> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1855
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2147
msgid ""
"(B<CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE> is required.) The number of huge pages in the pool "
"that are not yet allocated."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1855
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2147
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<HugePages_Rsvd> %lu (since Linux 2.6.17)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1864
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2156
msgid ""
"(B<CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE> is required.) This is the number of huge pages for "
"which a commitment to allocate from the pool has been made, but no "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1864
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2156
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<HugePages_Surp> %lu (since Linux 2.6.24)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1872
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2164
msgid ""
"(B<CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE> is required.) This is the number of huge pages in "
"the pool above the value in I</proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages>. The maximum "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1872
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2164
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<Hugepagesize> %lu"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1876
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2168
msgid "(B<CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE> is required.) The size of huge pages."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1877
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2169
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/modules>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1882
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2174
msgid ""
"A text list of the modules that have been loaded by the system. See also "
"B<lsmod>(8)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1882
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2174
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/mounts>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1892
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2184
msgid ""
-"Before kernel 2.4.19, this file was a list of all the file systems currently "
+"Before kernel 2.4.19, this file was a list of all the filesystems currently "
"mounted on the system. With the introduction of per-process mount "
"namespaces in Linux 2.4.19, this file became a link to I</proc/self/mounts>, "
"which lists the mount points of the process's own mount namespace. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1892
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2184
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/mtrr>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1898
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2190
msgid ""
"Memory Type Range Registers. See the Linux kernel source file "
"I<Documentation/mtrr.txt> for details."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1898
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2190
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/net>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1908
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2200
msgid ""
"various net pseudo-files, all of which give the status of some part of the "
"networking layer. These files contain ASCII structures and are, therefore, "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1908
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2200
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/net/arp>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1914
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2206
msgid ""
"This holds an ASCII readable dump of the kernel ARP table used for address "
"resolutions. It will show both dynamically learned and preprogrammed ARP "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1921
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2213
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"CW<IP address HW type Flags HW address Mask Device\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1933
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2225
msgid ""
"Here \"IP address\" is the IPv4 address of the machine and the \"HW type\" "
"is the hardware type of the address from RFC\\ 826. The flags are the "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1933
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2225
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/net/dev>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1944
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2236
msgid ""
"The dev pseudo-file contains network device status information. This gives "
"the number of received and sent packets, the number of errors and collisions "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1954
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2246
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"CW<Inter-| Receive | "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1963
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2255
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/net/dev_mcast>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1967
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2259
msgid "Defined in I</usr/src/linux/net/core/dev_mcast.c>:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1973
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2265
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"indx interface_name dmi_u dmi_g dmi_address\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1975
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2267
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/net/igmp>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1980
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2272
msgid ""
"Internet Group Management Protocol. Defined in "
"I</usr/src/linux/net/core/igmp.c>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1980
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2272
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/net/rarp>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1990
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2282
msgid ""
"This file uses the same format as the I<arp> file and contains the current "
"reverse mapping database used to provide B<rarp>(8) reverse address lookup "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:1990
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2282
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/net/raw>"
msgstr ""
#. No information, but looks similar to
#. .BR route (8).
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2010
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2302
msgid ""
"Holds a dump of the RAW socket table. Much of the information is not of use "
"apart from debugging. The \"sl\" value is the kernel hash slot for the "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2010
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2302
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/net/snmp>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2015
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2307
msgid ""
"This file holds the ASCII data needed for the IP, ICMP, TCP, and UDP "
"management information bases for an SNMP agent."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2015
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2307
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/net/tcp>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2031
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2323
msgid ""
"Holds a dump of the TCP socket table. Much of the information is not of use "
"apart from debugging. The \"sl\" value is the kernel hash slot for the "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2031
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2323
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/net/udp>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2047
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2339
msgid ""
"Holds a dump of the UDP socket table. Much of the information is not of use "
"apart from debugging. The \"sl\" value is the kernel hash slot for the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2055
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2347
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"CW<sl local_address rem_address st tx_queue rx_queue tr rexmits "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2058
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2350
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/net/unix>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2063
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2355
msgid ""
"Lists the UNIX domain sockets present within the system and their status. "
"The format is:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2069
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2361
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"CW<Num RefCount Protocol Flags Type St Path\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2081
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2373
msgid ""
"Here \"Num\" is the kernel table slot number, \"RefCount\" is the number of "
"users of the socket, \"Protocol\" is currently always 0, \"Flags\" represent "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2081
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2373
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/partitions>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2085
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2377
msgid ""
-"Contains major and minor numbers of each partition as well as number of "
-"blocks and partition name."
+"Contains the major and minor numbers of each partition as well as the number "
+"of 1024-byte blocks and the partition name."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2085
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2377
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/pci>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2089
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2381
msgid ""
"This is a listing of all PCI devices found during kernel initialization and "
"their configuration."
#. .IR /proc/sched_debug " (since Linux 2.6.23)"
#. See also /proc/[pid]/sched
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2105
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2397
msgid ""
"This file has been deprecated in favor of a new I</proc> interface for PCI "
"(I</proc/bus/pci>). It became optional in Linux 2.2 (available with "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2105
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2397
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/profile> (since Linux 2.4)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2117
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2409
msgid ""
"This file is present only if the kernel was booted with the I<profile=1> "
"command-line option. It exposes kernel profiling information in a binary "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2117
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2409
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/scsi>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2127
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2419
msgid ""
"A directory with the I<scsi> mid-level pseudo-file and various SCSI "
"low-level driver directories, which contain a file for each SCSI host in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2130
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2422
msgid ""
"You can also write to some of the files to reconfigure the subsystem or "
"switch certain features on or off."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2130
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2422
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/scsi/scsi>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2136
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2428
msgid ""
"This is a listing of all SCSI devices known to the kernel. The listing is "
"similar to the one seen during bootup. scsi currently supports only the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2138
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2430
msgid "The command"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2142
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2434
#, no-wrap
msgid "echo \\(aqscsi add-single-device 1 0 5 0\\(aq E<gt> /proc/scsi/scsi\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2150
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2442
msgid ""
"will cause host scsi1 to scan on SCSI channel 0 for a device on ID 5 LUN 0. "
"If there is already a device known on this address or the address is "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2150
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2442
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/scsi/[drivername]>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2160
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2452
msgid ""
"I<[drivername]> can currently be NCR53c7xx, aha152x, aha1542, aha1740, "
"aic7xxx, buslogic, eata_dma, eata_pio, fdomain, in2000, pas16, qlogic, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2163
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2455
msgid ""
"Reading these files will usually show driver and host configuration, "
-"statistics, etc."
+"statistics, and so on."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2170
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2462
msgid ""
"Writing to these files allows different things on different hosts. For "
"example, with the I<latency> and I<nolatency> commands, root can switch on "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2170
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2462
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/self>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2178
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2470
msgid ""
-"This directory refers to the process accessing the I</proc> file system, and "
+"This directory refers to the process accessing the I</proc> filesystem, and "
"is identical to the I</proc> directory named by the process ID of the same "
"process."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2178
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2470
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/slabinfo>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2187
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2479
msgid ""
"Information about kernel caches. Since Linux 2.6.16 this file is present "
"only if the B<CONFIG_SLAB> kernel configuration option is enabled. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2197
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2489
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"cache-name\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2203
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2495
msgid "See B<slabinfo>(5) for details."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2203
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2495
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/stat>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2209
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2501
msgid ""
"kernel/system statistics. Varies with architecture. Common entries "
"include:"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2210
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2502
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<cpu 3357 0 4313 1362393>"
msgstr ""
#. 1024 on Alpha and ia64
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2218
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2510
msgid ""
"The amount of time, measured in units of USER_HZ (1/100ths of a second on "
"most architectures, use I<sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK)> to obtain the right value), "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2219
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2511
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<user>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2222
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2514
msgid "(1) Time spent in user mode."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2222
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2514
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<nice>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2225
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2517
msgid "(2) Time spent in user mode with low priority (nice)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2225
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2517
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<system>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2228
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2520
msgid "(3) Time spent in system mode."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2228
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2520
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<idle>"
msgstr ""
#. does not seem to be quite right (at least in 2.6.12 or 3.6):
#. the idle time in /proc/uptime does not quite match this value
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2238
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2530
msgid ""
"(4) Time spent in the idle task. This value should be USER_HZ times the "
"second entry in the I</proc/uptime> pseudo-file."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2238
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2530
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<iowait> (since Linux 2.5.41)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2241
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2533
msgid "(5) Time waiting for I/O to complete."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2241
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2533
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<irq> (since Linux 2.6.0-test4)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2244
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2536
msgid "(6) Time servicing interrupts."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2244
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2536
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<softirq> (since Linux 2.6.0-test4)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2247
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2539
msgid "(7) Time servicing softirqs."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2247
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2539
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<steal> (since Linux 2.6.11)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2251
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2543
msgid ""
"(8) Stolen time, which is the time spent in other operating systems when "
"running in a virtualized environment"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2251
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2543
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<guest> (since Linux 2.6.24)"
msgstr ""
#. See Changelog entry for 5e84cfde51cf303d368fcb48f22059f37b3872de
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2256
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2548
msgid ""
"(9) Time spent running a virtual CPU for guest operating systems under the "
"control of the Linux kernel."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2256
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2548
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<guest_nice> (since Linux 2.6.33)"
msgstr ""
#. commit ce0e7b28fb75cb003cfc8d0238613aaf1c55e797
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2261
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2553
msgid ""
"(10) Time spent running a niced guest (virtual CPU for guest operating "
"systems under the control of the Linux kernel)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2262
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2554
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<page 5741 1808>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2266
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2558
msgid ""
"The number of pages the system paged in and the number that were paged out "
"(from disk)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2266
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2558
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<swap 1 0>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2269
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2561
msgid "The number of swap pages that have been brought in and out."
msgstr ""
#. FIXME The following is not the full picture for the 'intr' of
#. /proc/stat on 2.6:
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2269
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2561
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<intr 1462898>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2277
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2569
msgid ""
"This line shows counts of interrupts serviced since boot time, for each of "
"the possible system interrupts. The first column is the total of all "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2277
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2569
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<disk_io: (2,0):(31,30,5764,1,2) (3,0):>..."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2280
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2572
msgid ""
"(major,disk_idx):(noinfo, read_io_ops, blks_read, write_io_ops, "
"blks_written)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2282
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2574
msgid "(Linux 2.4 only)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2282
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2574
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<ctxt 115315>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2285
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2577
msgid "The number of context switches that the system underwent."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2285
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2577
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<btime 769041601>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2288
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2580
msgid "boot time, in seconds since the Epoch, 1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 (UTC)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2288
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2580
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<processes 86031>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2291
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2583
msgid "Number of forks since boot."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2291
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2583
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<procs_running 6>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2295
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2587
msgid "Number of processes in runnable state. (Linux 2.5.45 onward.)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2295
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2587
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<procs_blocked 2>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2299
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2591
msgid ""
"Number of processes blocked waiting for I/O to complete. (Linux 2.5.45 "
"onward.)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2300
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2592
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/swaps>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2305
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2597
msgid "Swap areas in use. See also B<swapon>(8)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2305
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2597
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2313
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2605
msgid ""
"This directory (present since 1.3.57) contains a number of files and "
"subdirectories corresponding to kernel variables. These variables can be "
-"read and sometimes modified using the I</proc> file system, and the "
+"read and sometimes modified using the I</proc> filesystem, and the "
"(deprecated) B<sysctl>(2) system call."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2313
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2605
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/abi> (since Linux 2.4.10)"
msgstr ""
#. On some systems, it is not present.
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2320
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2612
msgid ""
"This directory may contain files with application binary information. See "
"the Linux kernel source file I<Documentation/sysctl/abi.txt> for more "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2320
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2612
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/debug>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2323 build/C/man5/proc.5:3163
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2615 build/C/man5/proc.5:3460
msgid "This directory may be empty."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2323
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2615
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/dev>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2329
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2621
msgid ""
"This directory contains device-specific information (e.g., "
"I<dev/cdrom/info>). On some systems, it may be empty."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2329
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2621
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2333
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2625
msgid ""
"This directory contains the files and subdirectories for kernel variables "
-"related to file systems."
+"related to filesystems."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2333
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2625
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2338
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2630
msgid ""
"Documentation for files in this directory can be found in the Linux kernel "
"sources in I<Documentation/binfmt_misc.txt>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2338
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2630
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/dentry-state> (since Linux 2.2)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2346
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2638
msgid ""
"This file contains information about the status of the directory cache "
"(dcache). The file contains six numbers, I<nr_dentry>, I<nr_unused>, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2351
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2643
msgid ""
"I<nr_dentry> is the number of allocated dentries (dcache entries). This "
"field is unused in Linux 2.2."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2354
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2646
msgid "I<nr_unused> is the number of unused dentries."
msgstr ""
#. looks like this is unused in kernels 2.2 to 2.6
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2359
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2651
msgid ""
"I<age_limit> is the age in seconds after which dcache entries can be "
"reclaimed when memory is short."
#. looks like this is unused in kernels 2.2 to 2.6
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2364
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2656
msgid ""
"I<want_pages> is nonzero when the kernel has called shrink_dcache_pages() "
"and the dcache isn't pruned yet."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2365
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2657
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/dir-notify-enable>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2374
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2666
msgid ""
"This file can be used to disable or enable the I<dnotify> interface "
"described in B<fcntl>(2) on a system-wide basis. A value of 0 in this file "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2374
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2666
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/dquot-max>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2381
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2673
msgid ""
"This file shows the maximum number of cached disk quota entries. On some "
"(2.4) systems, it is not present. If the number of free cached disk quota "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2381
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2673
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/dquot-nr>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2385
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2677
msgid ""
"This file shows the number of allocated disk quota entries and the number of "
"free disk quota entries."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2385
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2677
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/epoll> (since Linux 2.6.28)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2394
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2686
msgid ""
"This directory contains the file I<max_user_watches>, which can be used to "
"limit the amount of kernel memory consumed by the I<epoll> interface. For "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2394
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2686
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/file-max>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2407
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2699
msgid ""
"This file defines a system-wide limit on the number of open files for all "
"processes. (See also B<setrlimit>(2), which can be used by a process to set "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2413
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2705
#, no-wrap
msgid "CW< echo 100000 E<gt> /proc/sys/fs/file-max>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2420
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2712
msgid ""
"The kernel constant B<NR_OPEN> imposes an upper limit on the value that may "
"be placed in I<file-max>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2429
-msgid ""
-"If you increase I</proc/sys/fs/file-max>, be sure to increase "
-"I</proc/sys/fs/inode-max> to 3-4 times the new value of "
-"I</proc/sys/fs/file-max>, or you will run out of inodes."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2435
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2718
msgid "Privileged processes (B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN>) can override the I<file-max> limit."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2435
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2718
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/file-nr>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2454
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2737
msgid ""
"This (read-only) file contains three numbers: the number of allocated file "
"handles (i.e., the number of files presently opened); the number of free "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2454
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2737
#, no-wrap
-msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/inode-max>"
+msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/inode-max> (only present until Linux 2.2)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2464
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2746
msgid ""
-"This file contains the maximum number of in-memory inodes. On some (2.4) "
-"systems, it may not be present. This value should be 3-4 times larger than "
-"the value in I<file-max>, since I<stdin>, I<stdout> and network sockets also "
-"need an inode to handle them. When you regularly run out of inodes, you "
-"need to increase this value."
+"This file contains the maximum number of in-memory inodes. This value "
+"should be 3-4 times larger than the value in I<file-max>, since I<stdin>, "
+"I<stdout> and network sockets also need an inode to handle them. When you "
+"regularly run out of inodes, you need to increase this value."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2750
+msgid ""
+"Starting with Linux 2.4, there is no longer a static limit on the number of "
+"inodes, and this file is removed."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2464
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2750
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/inode-nr>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2468
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2754
msgid "This file contains the first two values from I<inode-state>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2468
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2754
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/inode-state>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2489
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2762
msgid ""
"This file contains seven numbers: I<nr_inodes>, I<nr_free_inodes>, "
-"I<preshrink>, and four dummy values. I<nr_inodes> is the number of inodes "
-"the system has allocated. This can be slightly more than I<inode-max> "
-"because Linux allocates them one page full at a time. I<nr_free_inodes> "
-"represents the number of free inodes. I<preshrink> is nonzero when the "
-"I<nr_inodes> E<gt> I<inode-max> and the system needs to prune the inode list "
-"instead of allocating more."
+"I<preshrink>, and four dummy values (always zero)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. This can be slightly more than
+#. .I inode-max
+#. because Linux allocates them one page full at a time.
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2770
+msgid ""
+"I<nr_inodes> is the number of inodes the system has allocated. "
+"I<nr_free_inodes> represents the number of free inodes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2778
+msgid ""
+"I<preshrink> is nonzero when the I<nr_inodes> E<gt> I<inode-max> and the "
+"system needs to prune the inode list instead of allocating more; since Linux "
+"2.4, this field is a dummy value (always zero)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2489
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2778
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/inotify> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2498
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2787
msgid ""
"This directory contains files I<max_queued_events>, I<max_user_instances>, "
"and I<max_user_watches>, that can be used to limit the amount of kernel "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2498
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2787
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/lease-break-time>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2507
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2796
msgid ""
"This file specifies the grace period that the kernel grants to a process "
"holding a file lease (B<fcntl>(2)) after it has sent a signal to that "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2507
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2796
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/leases-enable>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2514
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2803
msgid ""
"This file can be used to enable or disable file leases (B<fcntl>(2)) on a "
"system-wide basis. If this file contains the value 0, leases are disabled. "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2514
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2803
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/mqueue> (since Linux 2.6.6)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2522
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2811
msgid ""
"This directory contains files I<msg_max>, I<msgsize_max>, and I<queues_max>, "
"controlling the resources used by POSIX message queues. See "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2522
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2811
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/overflowgid> and I</proc/sys/fs/overflowuid>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2532
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2821
msgid ""
"These files allow you to change the value of the fixed UID and GID. The "
-"default is 65534. Some file systems support only 16-bit UIDs and GIDs, "
-"although in Linux UIDs and GIDs are 32 bits. When one of these file systems "
+"default is 65534. Some filesystems support only 16-bit UIDs and GIDs, "
+"although in Linux UIDs and GIDs are 32 bits. When one of these filesystems "
"is mounted with writes enabled, any UID or GID that would exceed 65535 is "
"translated to the overflow value before being written to disk."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2532
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2821
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/pipe-max-size> (since Linux 2.6.35)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2546
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2835
msgid ""
"The value in this file defines an upper limit for raising the capacity of a "
"pipe using the B<fcntl>(2) B<F_SETPIPE_SZ> operation. This limit applies "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2546
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2835
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/protected_hardlinks> (since Linux 3.6)"
msgstr ""
#. commit 800179c9b8a1e796e441674776d11cd4c05d61d7
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2555
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2844
msgid ""
"When the value in this file is 0, no restrictions are placed on the creation "
"of hard links (i.e., this is the historical behaviour before Linux 3.6). "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2560
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2849
msgid "The caller has the B<CAP_FOWNER> capability."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2566
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2855
msgid ""
-"The file system UID of the process creating the link matches the owner (UID) "
-"of the target file (as described in B<credentials>(7), a process's file "
-"system UID is normally the same as its effective UID)."
+"The filesystem UID of the process creating the link matches the owner (UID) "
+"of the target file (as described in B<credentials>(7), a process's "
+"filesystem UID is normally the same as its effective UID)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2568
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2857
msgid "All of the following conditions are true:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2571
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2860
msgid "the target is a regular file;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2573
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2862
msgid "the target file does not have its set-user-ID permission bit enabled;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2576
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2865
msgid ""
"the target file does not have both its set-group-ID and group-executable "
"permission bits enabled; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2580
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2869
msgid ""
"the caller has permission to read and write the target file (either via the "
"file's permissions mask or because it has suitable capabilities)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2596
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2885
msgid ""
"The default value in this file is 0. Setting the value to 1 prevents a "
"longstanding class of security issues caused by hard-link-based "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2596
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2885
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/protected_symlinks> (since Linux 3.6)"
msgstr ""
#. commit 800179c9b8a1e796e441674776d11cd4c05d61d7
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2604
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2893
msgid ""
"When the value in this file is 0, no restrictions are placed on following "
"symbolic links (i.e., this is the historical behaviour before Linux 3.6). "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2611
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2900
msgid ""
-"the file system UID of the process following the link matches the owner "
-"(UID) of the symbolic link (as described in B<credentials>(7), a process's "
-"file system UID is normally the same as its effective UID);"
+"the filesystem UID of the process following the link matches the owner (UID) "
+"of the symbolic link (as described in B<credentials>(7), a process's "
+"filesystem UID is normally the same as its effective UID);"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2613
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2902
msgid "the link is not in a sticky world-writable directory; or"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2615
-msgid "the symbolic link and and its parent directory have the same owner (UID)"
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2904
+msgid "the symbolic link and its parent directory have the same owner (UID)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2622
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2911
msgid ""
"A system call that fails to follow a symbolic link because of the above "
"restrictions returns the error B<EACCES> in I<errno>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2626
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2915
msgid ""
"The default value in this file is 0. Setting the value to 1 avoids a "
"longstanding class of security issues based on time-of-check, time-of-use "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2626
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2915
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
msgstr ""
#. The following is based on text from Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2632
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2921
msgid ""
"The value in this file determines whether core dump files are produced for "
"set-user-ID or otherwise protected/tainted binaries. Three different "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2633
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2922
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<0\\ (default)>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2642
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2931
msgid ""
"This provides the traditional (pre-Linux 2.6.13) behavior. A core dump will "
"not be produced for a process which has changed credentials (by calling "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2642
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2931
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<1\\ (\"debug\")>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2649
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2938
msgid ""
-"All processes dump core when possible. The core dump is owned by the file "
-"system user ID of the dumping process and no security is applied. This is "
-"intended for system debugging situations only. Ptrace is unchecked."
+"All processes dump core when possible. The core dump is owned by the "
+"filesystem user ID of the dumping process and no security is applied. This "
+"is intended for system debugging situations only. Ptrace is unchecked."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2649
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2938
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<2\\ (\"suidsafe\")>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2658
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2947
msgid ""
"Any binary which normally would not be dumped (see \"0\" above) is dumped "
"readable by root only. This allows the user to remove the core dump file "
#. 9520628e8ceb69fa9a4aee6b57f22675d9e1b709
#. 54b501992dd2a839e94e76aa392c392b55080ce8
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2669
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2958
msgid ""
"Additionally, since Linux 3.6, I</proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern> must either "
"be an absolute pathname or a pipe command, as detailed in B<core>(5). "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2670
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2959
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/super-max>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2681
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2970
msgid ""
"This file controls the maximum number of superblocks, and thus the maximum "
-"number of mounted file systems the kernel can have. You need increase only "
-"I<super-max> if you need to mount more file systems than the current value "
-"in I<super-max> allows you to."
+"number of mounted filesystems the kernel can have. You need increase only "
+"I<super-max> if you need to mount more filesystems than the current value in "
+"I<super-max> allows you to."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2681
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2970
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/super-nr>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2685
-msgid "This file contains the number of file systems currently mounted."
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2974
+msgid "This file contains the number of filesystems currently mounted."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2685
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2974
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2689
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2978
msgid ""
"This directory contains files controlling a range of kernel parameters, as "
"described below."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2689
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2978
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/acct>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2713
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3002
msgid ""
"This file contains three numbers: I<highwater>, I<lowwater>, and "
-"I<frequency>. If BSD-style process accounting is enabled these values "
-"control its behavior. If free space on file system where the log lives goes "
-"below I<lowwater> percent accounting suspends. If free space gets above "
-"I<highwater> percent accounting resumes. I<frequency> determines how often "
+"I<frequency>. If BSD-style process accounting is enabled, these values "
+"control its behavior. If free space on filesystem where the log lives goes "
+"below I<lowwater> percent, accounting suspends. If free space gets above "
+"I<highwater> percent, accounting resumes. I<frequency> determines how often "
"the kernel checks the amount of free space (value is in seconds). Default "
"values are 4, 2 and 30. That is, suspend accounting if 2% or less space is "
"free; resume it if 4% or more space is free; consider information about "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2713
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3002
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/cap_last_cap> (since Linux 3.2)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2717
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3006
msgid "See B<capabilities>(7)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2717
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3006
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/cap-bound> (from Linux 2.2 to 2.6.24)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2729
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3018
msgid ""
"This file holds the value of the kernel I<capability bounding set> "
"(expressed as a signed decimal number). This set is ANDed against the "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2729
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3018
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern>"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2733
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3022
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/core_uses_pid>"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2737
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3026
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/ctrl-alt-del>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2752
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3041
msgid ""
"This file controls the handling of Ctrl-Alt-Del from the keyboard. When the "
"value in this file is 0, Ctrl-Alt-Del is trapped and sent to the B<init>(8) "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2752
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3041
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/dmesg_restrict> (since Linux 2.6.37)"
msgstr ""
#. commit 620f6e8e855d6d447688a5f67a4e176944a084e8
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2765
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3054
msgid ""
"The value in this file determines who can see kernel syslog contents. A "
"value of 0 in this file imposes no restrictions. If the value is 1, only "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2765
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3054
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/domainname> and I</proc/sys/kernel/hostname>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2773
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3062
msgid ""
"can be used to set the NIS/YP domainname and the hostname of your box in "
"exactly the same way as the commands B<domainname>(1) and B<hostname>(1), "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2778
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3067
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#B< echo \\(aqdarkstar\\(aq E<gt> /proc/sys/kernel/hostname>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2782
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3071
msgid "has the same effect as"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2787
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3076
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#B< hostname \\(aqdarkstar\\(aq>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2800
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3089
msgid ""
"Note, however, that the classic darkstar.frop.org has the hostname "
"\"darkstar\" and DNS (Internet Domain Name Server) domainname \"frop.org\", "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2800
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3089
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/hotplug>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2806
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3095
msgid ""
"This file contains the path for the hotplug policy agent. The default value "
"in this file is I</sbin/hotplug>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2806
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3095
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/htab-reclaim>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2814
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3103
msgid ""
"(PowerPC only) If this file is set to a nonzero value, the PowerPC htab (see "
"kernel file I<Documentation/powerpc/ppc_htab.txt>) is pruned each time the "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2814
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3103
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict> (since Linux 2.6.38)"
msgstr ""
#. commit 411f05f123cbd7f8aa1edcae86970755a6e2a9d9
#. commit 620f6e8e855d6d447688a5f67a4e176944a084e8
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2839
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3128
msgid ""
"The value in this file determines whether kernel addresses are exposed via "
"I</proc> files and other interfaces. A value of 0 in this file imposes no "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2839
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3128
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/l2cr>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2846
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3135
msgid ""
"(PowerPC only) This file contains a flag that controls the L2 cache of G3 "
"processor boards. If 0, the cache is disabled. Enabled if nonzero."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2846
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3135
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/modprobe>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2859
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3148
msgid ""
"This file contains the path for the kernel module loader. The default value "
"is I</sbin/modprobe>. The file is present only if the kernel is built with "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2859
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3148
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/modules_disabled> (since Linux 2.6.31)"
msgstr ""
#. 3d43321b7015387cfebbe26436d0e9d299162ea1
#. From Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2871
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3160
msgid ""
"A toggle value indicating if modules are allowed to be loaded in an "
"otherwise modular kernel. This toggle defaults to off (0), but can be set "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2871
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3160
#, no-wrap
-msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/msgmax>"
+msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/msgmax> (since Linux 2.2)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2876
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3165
msgid ""
"This file defines a system-wide limit specifying the maximum number of bytes "
"in a single message written on a System V message queue."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2876
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3165
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/msgmni> (since Linux 2.4)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2880
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3169
msgid ""
"This file defines the system-wide limit on the number of message queue "
"identifiers."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2880
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3169
#, no-wrap
-msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/msgmnb>"
+msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/msgmnb> (since Linux 2.2)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2889
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3178
msgid ""
"This file defines a system-wide parameter used to initialize the "
"I<msg_qbytes> setting for subsequently created message queues. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2889
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3178
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/ngroups_max> (since Linux 2.6.4)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3182
+msgid ""
+"This is a read-only file that displays the upper limit on the number of a "
+"process's group memberships."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3182
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/ostype> and I</proc/sys/kernel/osrelease>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2894
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3187
msgid "These files give substrings of I</proc/version>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2894
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3187
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/overflowgid> and I</proc/sys/kernel/overflowuid>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2900
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3193
msgid ""
"These files duplicate the files I</proc/sys/fs/overflowgid> and "
"I</proc/sys/fs/overflowuid>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2900
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3193
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/panic>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2909
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3202
msgid ""
"This file gives read/write access to the kernel variable I<panic_timeout>. "
-"If this is zero, the kernel will loop on a panic; if nonzero it indicates "
+"If this is zero, the kernel will loop on a panic; if nonzero, it indicates "
"that the kernel should autoreboot after this number of seconds. When you "
"use the software watchdog device driver, the recommended setting is 60."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2909
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3202
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops> (since Linux 2.5.68)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2921
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3214
msgid ""
"This file controls the kernel's behavior when an oops or BUG is "
"encountered. If this file contains 0, then the system tries to continue "
"operation. If it contains 1, then the system delays a few seconds (to give "
"klogd time to record the oops output) and then panics. If the "
-"I</proc/sys/kernel/panic> file is also nonzero then the machine will be "
+"I</proc/sys/kernel/panic> file is also nonzero, then the machine will be "
"rebooted."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2921
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3214
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/pid_max> (since Linux 2.5.34)"
msgstr ""
#. platforms, but this broke /proc/[pid]
#. See http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=109513010926152&w=2
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2937
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3230
msgid ""
"This file specifies the value at which PIDs wrap around (i.e., the value in "
"this file is one greater than the maximum PID). The default value for this "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2937
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3230
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/powersave-nap> (PowerPC only)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2943
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3236
msgid ""
"This file contains a flag. If set, Linux-PPC will use the \"nap\" mode of "
"powersaving, otherwise the \"doze\" mode will be used."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2943
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3236
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/printk>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2969
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3262
msgid ""
"The four values in this file are I<console_loglevel>, "
"I<default_message_loglevel>, I<minimum_console_level>, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2969
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3262
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/pty> (since Linux 2.6.4)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2975
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3268
msgid ""
"This directory contains two files relating to the number of UNIX 98 "
"pseudoterminals (see B<pts>(4)) on the system."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2975
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3268
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/pty/max>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2978
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3271
msgid "This file defines the maximum number of pseudoterminals."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2978
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3271
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/pty/nr>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2982
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3275
msgid "This read-only file indicates how many pseudoterminals are currently in use."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2982
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3275
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/random>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2990
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3283
msgid ""
"This directory contains various parameters controlling the operation of the "
"file I</dev/random>. See B<random>(4) for further information."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2990
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3283
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid> (since Linux 2.4)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3287
+msgid ""
+"Each read from this read-only file returns a randomly generated 128-bit "
+"UUID, as a string in the standard UUID format."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3287
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2994
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3291
msgid ""
"This file is documented in the Linux kernel source file "
"I<Documentation/initrd.txt>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:2994
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3291
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/reboot-cmd> (Sparc only) "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3000
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3297
msgid ""
"This file seems to be a way to give an argument to the SPARC ROM/Flash boot "
"loader. Maybe to tell it what to do after rebooting?"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3000
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3297
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/rtsig-max>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3007
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3304
msgid ""
"(Only in kernels up to and including 2.6.7; see B<setrlimit>(2)) This file "
"can be used to tune the maximum number of POSIX real-time (queued) signals "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3007
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3304
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/rtsig-nr>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3011
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3308
msgid ""
"(Only in kernels up to and including 2.6.7.) This file shows the number "
"POSIX real-time signals currently queued."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3011
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3308
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/sched_rr_timeslice_ms> (since Linux 3.9)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3015
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3312
msgid "See B<sched_rr_get_interval>(2)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3015
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3312
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/sem> (since Linux 2.4)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3019
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3316
msgid ""
"This file contains 4 numbers defining limits for System V IPC semaphores. "
"These fields are, in order:"
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3020
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3317
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEMMSL"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3022
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3319
msgid "The maximum semaphores per semaphore set."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3022
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3319
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEMMNS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3024
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3321
msgid "A system-wide limit on the number of semaphores in all semaphore sets."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3024
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3321
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEMOPM"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3028
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3325
msgid ""
"The maximum number of operations that may be specified in a B<semop>(2) "
"call."
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3028
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3325
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEMMNI"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3030
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3327
msgid "A system-wide limit on the maximum number of semaphore identifiers."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3031
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3328
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/sg-big-buff>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3042
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3339
msgid ""
"This file shows the size of the generic SCSI device (sg) buffer. You can't "
"tune it just yet, but you could change it at compile time by editing "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3042
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3339
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/shm_rmid_forced> (since Linux 3.1)"
msgstr ""
#. commit b34a6b1da371ed8af1221459a18c67970f7e3d53
#. See also Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3051
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3348
msgid ""
"If this file is set to 1, all System V shared memory segments will be marked "
"for destruction as soon as the number of attached processes falls to zero; "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3063
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3360
msgid ""
"The effect is as though a B<shmctl>(2) B<IPC_RMID> is performed on all "
"existing segments as well as all segments created in the future (until this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3071
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3368
msgid ""
"Setting this file to 1 provides a way of ensuring that all System V shared "
"memory segments are counted against the resource usage and resource limits "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3078
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3375
msgid ""
"Because setting this file to 1 produces behavior that is nonstandard and "
"could also break existing applications, the default value in this file is "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3078
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3375
#, no-wrap
-msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/shmall>"
+msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/shmall> (since Linux 2.2)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3083
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3380
msgid ""
"This file contains the system-wide limit on the total number of pages of "
"System V shared memory."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3083
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3380
#, no-wrap
-msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/shmmax>"
+msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/shmmax> (since Linux 2.2)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3093
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3390
msgid ""
"This file can be used to query and set the run-time limit on the maximum "
"(System V IPC) shared memory segment size that can be created. Shared "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3093
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3390
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/shmmni> (since Linux 2.4)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3098
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3395
msgid ""
"This file specifies the system-wide maximum number of System V shared memory "
"segments that can be created."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3098
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3395
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/sysrq>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3107
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3404
msgid ""
"This file controls the functions allowed to be invoked by the SysRq key. By "
"default, the file contains 1 meaning that every possible SysRq request is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3119
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3416
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" 0 - disable sysrq completely\n"
" 8 - enable debugging dumps of processes etc.\n"
" 16 - enable sync command\n"
" 32 - enable remount read-only\n"
-" 64 - enable signalling of processes (term, kill, oom-kill)\n"
+" 64 - enable signaling of processes (term, kill, oom-kill)\n"
" 128 - allow reboot/poweroff\n"
" 256 - allow nicing of all real-time tasks\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3125
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3422
msgid ""
"This file is present only if the B<CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ> kernel configuration "
"option is enabled. For further details see the Linux kernel source file "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3125
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3422
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/version>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3128
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3425
msgid "This file contains a string like:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3130
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3427
#, no-wrap
msgid " #5 Wed Feb 25 21:49:24 MET 1998\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3134
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3431
msgid ""
"The \"#5\" means that this is the fifth kernel built from this source base "
"and the date behind it indicates the time the kernel was built."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3134
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3431
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/threads-max> (since Linux 2.3.11)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3138
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3435
msgid ""
"This file specifies the system-wide limit on the number of threads (tasks) "
"that can be created on the system."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3138
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3435
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/kernel/zero-paged> (PowerPC only) "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3144
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3441
msgid ""
"This file contains a flag. When enabled (nonzero), Linux-PPC will pre-zero "
"pages in the idle loop, possibly speeding up get_free_pages."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3144
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3441
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/net>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3151
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3448
msgid ""
"This directory contains networking stuff. Explanations for some of the "
"files under this directory can be found in B<tcp>(7) and B<ip>(7)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3151
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3448
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3160
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3457
msgid ""
"This file defines a ceiling value for the I<backlog> argument of "
"B<listen>(2); see the B<listen>(2) manual page for details."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3160
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3457
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/proc>"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3163
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3460
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/sunrpc>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3168
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3465
msgid ""
-"This directory supports Sun remote procedure call for network file system "
+"This directory supports Sun remote procedure call for network filesystem "
"(NFS). On some systems, it is not present."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3168
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3465
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/vm>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3172
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3469
msgid ""
"This directory contains files for memory management tuning, buffer and cache "
"management."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3172
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3469
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/vm/drop_caches> (since Linux 2.6.16)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3176
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3477
msgid ""
-"Writing to this file causes the kernel to drop clean caches, dentries and "
-"inodes from memory, causing that memory to become free."
+"Writing to this file causes the kernel to drop clean caches, dentries, and "
+"inodes from memory, causing that memory to become free. This can be useful "
+"for memory management testing and performing reproducible filesystem "
+"benchmarks. Because writing to this file causes the benefits of caching to "
+"be lost, it can degrade overall system performance."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3183
-msgid ""
-"To free pagecache, use I<echo 1 E<gt> /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches>; to free "
-"dentries and inodes, use I<echo 2 E<gt> /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches>; to free "
-"pagecache, dentries and inodes, use I<echo 3 E<gt> "
-"/proc/sys/vm/drop_caches>."
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3479
+msgid "To free pagecache, use:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3481
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " echo 1 E<gt> /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3483
+msgid "To free dentries and inodes, use:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3189
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3485
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " echo 2 E<gt> /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3487
+msgid "To free pagecache, dentries and inodes, use:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3489
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " echo 3 E<gt> /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3495
msgid ""
-"Because this is a nondestructive operation and dirty objects are not "
-"freeable, the user should run B<sync>(8) first."
+"Because writing to this file is a nondestructive operation and dirty objects "
+"are not freeable, the user should run B<sync>(8) first."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3189
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3495
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/vm/legacy_va_layout> (since Linux 2.6.9)"
msgstr ""
#. The following is from Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3194
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3500
msgid ""
"If nonzero, this disables the new 32-bit memory-mapping layout; the kernel "
"will use the legacy (2.4) layout for all processes."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3194
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3500
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/vm/memory_failure_early_kill> (since Linux 2.6.32)"
msgstr ""
#. The following is based on the text in Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3206
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3512
msgid ""
"Control how to kill processes when an uncorrected memory error (typically a "
"2-bit error in a memory module) that cannot be handled by the kernel is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3208
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3514
msgid "The file has one of the following values:"
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3209 build/C/man5/proc.5:3246
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3515 build/C/man5/proc.5:3552
#, no-wrap
msgid "1:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3214
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3520
msgid ""
"Kill all processes that have the corrupted-and-not-reloadable page mapped as "
"soon as the corruption is detected. Note this is not supported for a few "
msgstr ""
#. type: IP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3214 build/C/man5/proc.5:3248
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3520 build/C/man5/proc.5:3554
#, no-wrap
msgid "0:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3217
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3523
msgid ""
"Only unmap the corrupted page from all processes and kill only a process "
"that tries to access it."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3228
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3534
msgid ""
"The kill is performed using a B<SIGBUS> signal with I<si_code> set to "
"B<BUS_MCEERR_AO>. Processes can handle this if they want to; see "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3231
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3537
msgid ""
"This feature is active only on architectures/platforms with advanced machine "
"check handling and depends on the hardware capabilities."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3238
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3544
msgid ""
"Applications can override the I<memory_failure_early_kill> setting "
"individually with the B<prctl>(2) B<PR_MCE_KILL> operation."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3241 build/C/man5/proc.5:3254
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3547 build/C/man5/proc.5:3560
msgid "Only present if the kernel was configured with B<CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3241
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3547
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/vm/memory_failure_recovery> (since Linux 2.6.32)"
msgstr ""
#. The following is based on the text in Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3245
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3551
msgid "Enable memory failure recovery (when supported by the platform)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3248
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3554
msgid "Attempt recovery."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3250
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3556
msgid "Always panic on a memory failure."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3254
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3560
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/vm/oom_dump_tasks> (since Linux 2.6.25)"
msgstr ""
#. The following is from Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3269
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3575
msgid ""
"Enables a system-wide task dump (excluding kernel threads) to be produced "
"when the kernel performs an OOM-killing. The dump includes the following "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3275
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3581
msgid ""
"If this contains the value zero, this information is suppressed. On very "
"large systems with thousands of tasks, it may not be feasible to dump the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3278
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3584
msgid ""
"If this is set to nonzero, this information is shown whenever the OOM-killer "
"actually kills a memory-hogging task."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3280 build/C/man5/proc.5:3301
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3586 build/C/man5/proc.5:3607
msgid "The default value is 0."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3280
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3586
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/vm/oom_kill_allocating_task> (since Linux 2.6.24)"
msgstr ""
#. The following is from Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3285
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3591
msgid ""
"This enables or disables killing the OOM-triggering task in out-of-memory "
"situations."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3290
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3596
msgid ""
"If this is set to zero, the OOM-killer will scan through the entire tasklist "
"and select a task based on heuristics to kill. This normally selects a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3294
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3600
msgid ""
"If this is set to nonzero, the OOM-killer simply kills the task that "
"triggered the out-of-memory condition. This avoids a possibly expensive "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3299
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3605
msgid ""
"If I</proc/sys/vm/panic_on_oom> is nonzero, it takes precedence over "
"whatever value is used in I</proc/sys/vm/oom_kill_allocating_task>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3301
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3607
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3305
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3611
msgid "This file contains the kernel virtual memory accounting mode. Values are:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3308
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3614
msgid "0: heuristic overcommit (this is the default)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3310
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3616
msgid "1: always overcommit, never check"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3312
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3618
msgid "2: always check, never overcommit"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3326
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3632
msgid ""
"In mode 0, calls of B<mmap>(2) with B<MAP_NORESERVE> are not checked, and "
"the default check is very weak, leading to the risk of getting a process "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3326
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3632
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/vm/overcommit_ratio>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3330
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3636
msgid "See the description of I</proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3330
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3636
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/vm/panic_on_oom> (since Linux 2.6.18)"
msgstr ""
#. The following is adapted from Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3335
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3641
msgid "This enables or disables a kernel panic in an out-of-memory situation."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3340
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3646
msgid ""
"If this file is set to the value 0, the kernel's OOM-killer will kill some "
"rogue process. Usually, the OOM-killer is able to kill a rogue process and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3355
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3661
msgid ""
"If this file is set to the value 1, then the kernel normally panics when "
"out-of-memory happens. However, if a process limits allocations to certain "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3358
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3664
msgid ""
"If this file is set to the value 2, the kernel always panics when an "
"out-of-memory condition occurs."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3362
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3668
msgid ""
"The default value is 0. 1 and 2 are for failover of clustering. Select "
"either according to your policy of failover."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3362
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3668
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/vm/swappiness>"
msgstr ""
#. The following is from Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3370
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3676
msgid ""
"The value in this file controls how aggressively the kernel will swap memory "
"pages. Higher values increase aggressiveness, lower values decrease "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3370
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3676
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sysrq-trigger> (since Linux 2.4.21)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3379
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3685
msgid ""
"Writing a character to this file triggers the same SysRq function as typing "
"ALT-SysRq-E<lt>characterE<gt> (see the description of "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3379
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3685
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sysvipc>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3392
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3698
msgid ""
"Subdirectory containing the pseudo-files I<msg>, I<sem> and I<shm>. These "
"files list the System V Interprocess Communication (IPC) objects "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3392
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3698
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/tty>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3396
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3702
msgid ""
"Subdirectory containing the pseudo-files and subdirectories for tty drivers "
"and line disciplines."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3396
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3702
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/uptime>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3400
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3706
msgid ""
"This file contains two numbers: the uptime of the system (seconds), and the "
"amount of time spent in idle process (seconds)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3400
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3706
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/version>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3409
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3715
msgid ""
"This string identifies the kernel version that is currently running. It "
"includes the contents of I</proc/sys/kernel/ostype>, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3413
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3719
#, no-wrap
msgid "CW<Linux version 1.0.9 (quinlan@phaze) #1 Sat May 14 01:51:54 EDT 1994>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3424
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3730
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/vmstat> (since Linux 2.6)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3427
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3733
msgid "This file displays various virtual memory statistics."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3427
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3733
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/zoneinfo> (since Linux 2.6.13)"
msgstr ""
#. FIXME more should be said about /proc/zoneinfo
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3432
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3738
msgid ""
"This file display information about memory zones. This is useful for "
"analyzing virtual memory behavior."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3439
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3745
msgid ""
"Many strings (i.e., the environment and command line) are in the internal "
"format, with subfields terminated by null bytes (\\(aq\\e0\\(aq), so you may "
#. The material on /proc/sys/fs and /proc/sys/kernel is closely based on
#. kernel source documentation files written by Rik van Riel.
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3445
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3751
msgid ""
"This manual page is incomplete, possibly inaccurate, and is the kind of "
"thing that needs to be updated very often."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3471
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3777
msgid ""
"B<cat>(1), B<dmesg>(1), B<find>(1), B<free>(1), B<ps>(1), B<tr>(1), "
"B<uptime>(1), B<chroot>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<readlink>(2), B<syslog>(2), "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3476
+#: build/C/man5/proc.5:3785
msgid ""
-"The Linux kernel source files: I<Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt> and "
-"I<Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt>."
+"The Linux kernel source files: I<Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt> "
+"I<Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt>, I<Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt>, "
+"I<Documentation/sysctl/net.txt>, and I<Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt>."
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:26
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:24
#, no-wrap
msgid "STANDARDS"
msgstr ""
+#. type: TH
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:24
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "2014-01-15"
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:29
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:27
msgid "standards - C and UNIX Standards"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:33
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:31
msgid ""
"The CONFORMING TO section that appears in many manual pages identifies "
"various standards to which the documented interface conforms. The following "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:33
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:31
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<V7>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:36
-msgid "Version 7, the ancestral UNIX from Bell Labs."
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:37
+msgid ""
+"Version 7 (also known as Seventh Edition) UNIX, released by AT&T/Bell Labs "
+"in 1979. After this point, UNIX systems diverged into two main dialects: "
+"BSD and System V."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:36
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:37
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<4.2BSD>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:45
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:46
msgid ""
"This is an implementation standard defined by the 4.2 release of the "
"I<Berkeley Software Distribution>, released by the University of California "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:54
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:55
msgid ""
"Earlier major BSD releases included I<3BSD> (1980), I<4BSD> (1980), and "
"I<4.1BSD> (1981)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:54
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:55
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<4.3BSD>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:57
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:58
msgid "The successor to 4.2BSD, released in 1986."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:57
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:58
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<4.4BSD>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:61
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:62
msgid ""
"The successor to 4.3BSD, released in 1993. This was the last major Berkeley "
"release."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:61
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:62
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<System V>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:68
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:69
msgid ""
"This is an implementation standard defined by AT&T's milestone 1983 release "
"of its commercial System V (five) release. The previous major AT&T release "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:68
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:69
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<System V release 2 (SVr2)>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:75
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:76
msgid ""
"This was the next System V release, made in 1985. The SVr2 was formally "
"described in the I<System V Interface Definition version 1> (I<SVID 1>) "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:75
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:76
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<System V release 3 (SVr3)>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:81
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:82
msgid ""
"This was the successor to SVr2, released in 1986. This release was formally "
"described in the I<System V Interface Definition version 2> (I<SVID 2>)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:81
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:82
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<System V release 4 (SVr4)>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:91
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:92
msgid ""
"This was the successor to SVr3, released in 1989. This version of System V "
"is described in the \"Programmer's Reference Manual: Operating System API "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:91
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:92
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<SVID 4>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:97
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:98
msgid ""
"System V Interface Definition version 4, issued in 1995. Available online "
"at E<.UR http://www.sco.com\\:/developers\\:/devspecs/> E<.UE .>"
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:97
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:98
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<C89>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:111
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:112
msgid ""
"This was the first C language standard, ratified by ANSI (American National "
"Standards Institute) in 1989 (I<X3.159-1989>). Sometimes this is known as "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:111
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:112
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<C99>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:118
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:119
msgid ""
"This revision of the C language standard was ratified by ISO in 1999 "
"(I<ISO/IEC 9899:1999>). Available online at E<.UR "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:118
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:119
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "B<C11>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:123
+msgid ""
+"This revision of the C language standard was ratified by ISO in 2011 "
+"(I<ISO/IEC 9899:2011>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: TP
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:123
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<POSIX.1-1990>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:124
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:129
msgid ""
"\"Portable Operating System Interface for Computing Environments\". IEEE "
"1003.1-1990 part 1, ratified by ISO in 1990 (I<ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990>). The "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:124
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:129
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<POSIX.2>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:129
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:134
msgid ""
"IEEE Std 1003.2-1992, describing commands and utilities, ratified by ISO in "
"1993 (I<ISO/IEC 9945-2:1993>)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:129
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:134
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<POSIX.1b> (formerly known as I<POSIX.4>)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:135
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:140
msgid ""
-"IEEE Std 1003.1b-1993 describing real-time facilities for portable operating "
-"systems, ratified by ISO in 1996 (I<ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996>)."
+"IEEE Std 1003.1b-1993, describing real-time facilities for portable "
+"operating systems, ratified by ISO in 1996 (I<ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996>)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:135
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:140
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<POSIX.1c>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:138
-msgid "IEEE Std 1003.1c-1995 describing the POSIX threads interfaces."
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:143
+msgid "IEEE Std 1003.1c-1995, which describes the POSIX threads interfaces."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:138
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:143
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<POSIX.1d>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:141
-msgid "IEEE Std 1003.1c-1999 describing additional real-time extensions."
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:146
+msgid "IEEE Std 1003.1c-1999, which describes additional real-time extensions."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:141
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:146
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<POSIX.1g>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:144
-msgid "IEEE Std 1003.1g-2000 describing networking APIs (including sockets)."
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:149
+msgid "IEEE Std 1003.1g-2000, which describes networking APIs (including sockets)."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:144
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:149
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<POSIX.1j>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:147
-msgid "IEEE Std 1003.1j-2000 describing advanced real-time extensions."
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:152
+msgid "IEEE Std 1003.1j-2000, which describes advanced real-time extensions."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:147
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:152
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<POSIX.1-1996>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:150
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:155
msgid "A 1996 revision of POSIX.1 which incorporated POSIX.1b and POSIX.1c."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:150
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:155
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<XPG3>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:157
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:162
msgid ""
"Released in 1989, this was the first significant release of the I<X/Open "
"Portability Guide>, produced by the X/Open Company, a multivendor "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:157
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:162
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<XPG4>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:160
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:165
msgid "A revision of the X/Open Portability Guide, released in 1992."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:160
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:165
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<XPG4v2>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:167
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:172
msgid ""
"A 1994 revision of XPG4. This is also referred to as I<Spec 1170>, where "
"1170 referred to the number of interfaces defined by this standard."
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:167
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:172
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<SUS (SUSv1)>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:175
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:180
msgid ""
"Single UNIX Specification. This was a repackaging of XPG4v2 and other "
"X/Open standards (X/Open Curses Issue 4 version 2, X/Open Networking Service "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:175
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:180
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<SUSv2>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:186
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:191
msgid ""
"Single UNIX Specification version 2. Sometimes also referred to as "
"I<XPG5>. This standard appeared in 1997. Systems conforming to this "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:186
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:191
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<POSIX.1-2001, SUSv3>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:198
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:203
msgid ""
"This was a 2001 revision and consolidation of the POSIX.1, POSIX.2, and SUS "
"standards into a single document, conducted under the auspices of the Austin "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:211
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:216
msgid ""
"The standard defines two levels of conformance: I<POSIX conformance>, which "
"is a baseline set of interfaces required of a conforming system; and I<XSI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:213
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:218
msgid "The POSIX.1-2001 document is broken into four parts:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:216
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:221
msgid "B<XBD>: Definitions, terms and concepts, header file specifications."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:220
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:225
msgid ""
"B<XSH>: Specifications of functions (i.e., system calls and library "
"functions in actual implementations)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:224
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:229
msgid ""
"B<XCU>: Specifications of commands and utilities (i.e., the area formerly "
"described by POSIX.2)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:227
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:232
msgid "B<XRAT>: Informative text on the other parts of the standard."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:231
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:236
msgid ""
"POSIX.1-2001 is aligned with C99, so that all of the library functions "
"standardized in C99 are also standardized in POSIX.1-2001."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:238
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:243
msgid ""
"Two Technical Corrigenda (minor fixes and improvements) of the original "
"2001 standard have occurred: TC1 in 2003 (referred to as I<POSIX.1-2003>), "
msgstr ""
#. type: TP
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:238
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:243
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<POSIX.1-2008, SUSv4>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:242
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:247
msgid "Work on the next revision of POSIX.1/SUS was completed and ratified in 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:251
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:256
msgid ""
"The changes in this revision are not as large as those that occurred for "
"POSIX.1-2001/SUSv3, but a number of new interfaces are added and various "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:259
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:264
msgid ""
"The revised standard is broken into the same four parts as POSIX.1-2001, and "
"again there are two levels of conformance: the baseline I<POSIX "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:263
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:268
msgid ""
"In general, where the CONFORMING TO section of a manual page lists "
"POSIX.1-2001, it can be assumed that the interface also conforms to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:267
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:273
+msgid ""
+"Technical Corrigendum 1 (minor fixes and improvements) of this standard was "
+"released in 2013 (referred to as I<POSIX.1-2013>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:277
msgid ""
"Further information can be found on the Austin group web site, E<.UR "
"http://www.opengroup.org\\:/austin/> E<.UE .>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/standards.7:271
+#: build/C/man7/standards.7:281
msgid "B<feature_test_macros>(7), B<libc>(7), B<posixoptions>(7)"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:40
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:39
#, no-wrap
msgid "SUFFIXES"
msgstr ""
#. type: TH
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:40
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:39
#, no-wrap
msgid "2000-11-16"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:43
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:42
msgid "suffixes - list of file suffixes"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:51
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:50
msgid ""
"It is customary to indicate the contents of a file with the file suffix, "
"which consists of a period, followed by one or more letters. Many standard "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:54
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:53
msgid ""
"Following is a list of suffixes which are likely to be found on a Linux "
"system."
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:59
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:58
#, no-wrap
msgid "Suffix\tFile type\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:60
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:59
#, no-wrap
msgid " ,v\tfiles for RCS (Revision Control System)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:61
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:60
#, no-wrap
msgid " -\tbackup file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:62
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:61
#, no-wrap
msgid " .C\tC++ source code, equivalent to I<.cc>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:63
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:62
#, no-wrap
msgid " .F\tFortran source with B<cpp>(1) directives\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:64
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:63
#, no-wrap
msgid "\tor file compressed using freeze\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:65
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:64
#, no-wrap
msgid " .S\tassembler source with B<cpp>(1) directives\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:66
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:65
#, no-wrap
msgid " .Y\tfile compressed using yabba\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:67
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:66
#, no-wrap
msgid " .Z\tfile compressed using B<compress>(1)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:68
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:67
#, no-wrap
msgid " .[0-9]+gf\tTeX generic font files\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:69
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:68
#, no-wrap
msgid " .[0-9]+pk\tTeX packed font files\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:70
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:69
#, no-wrap
msgid " .[1-9]\tmanual page for the corresponding section\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:71
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:70
#, no-wrap
msgid " .[1-9][a-z]\tmanual page for section plus subsection\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:72
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:71
#, no-wrap
msgid " .a\tstatic object code library\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:73
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:72
#, no-wrap
msgid " .ad\tX application default resource file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:74
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:73
#, no-wrap
msgid " .ada\tAda source (may be body, spec, or combination)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:75
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:74
#, no-wrap
msgid " .adb\tAda body source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:76
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:75
#, no-wrap
msgid " .ads\tAda spec source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:77
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:76
#, no-wrap
msgid " .afm\tPostScript font metrics\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:78
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:77
#, no-wrap
msgid " .al\tPerl autoload file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:79
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:78
#, no-wrap
msgid " .am\tB<automake>(1) input file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:80
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:79
#, no-wrap
msgid " .arc\tB<arc>(1) archive\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:81
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:80
#, no-wrap
msgid " .arj\tB<arj>(1) archive\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:82
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:81
#, no-wrap
msgid " .asc\tPGP ASCII-armored data\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:83
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:82
#, no-wrap
msgid " .asm\t(GNU) assembler source file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:84
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:83
#, no-wrap
msgid " .au\tAudio sound file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:85
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:84
#, no-wrap
msgid " .aux\tLaTeX auxiliary file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:86
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:85
#, no-wrap
msgid " .avi\t(msvideo) movie\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:87
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:86
#, no-wrap
msgid " .awk\tAWK language program\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:88
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:87
#, no-wrap
msgid " .b\tLILO boot loader image\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:89
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:88
#, no-wrap
msgid " .bak\tbackup file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:90
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:89
#, no-wrap
msgid " .bash\tB<bash>(1) shell script\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:91
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:90
#, no-wrap
msgid " .bb\tbasic block list data produced by\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:92 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:94
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:91 build/C/man7/suffixes.7:93
#, no-wrap
msgid "\tgcc -ftest-coverage\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:93
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:92
#, no-wrap
msgid " .bbg\tbasic block graph data produced by\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:95
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:94
#, no-wrap
msgid " .bbl\tBibTeX output\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:96
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:95
#, no-wrap
msgid " .bdf\tX font file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:97
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:96
#, no-wrap
msgid " .bib\tTeX bibliographic database, BibTeX input\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:98
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:97
#, no-wrap
msgid " .bm\tbitmap source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:99
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:98
#, no-wrap
msgid " .bmp\tbitmap\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:100
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:99
#, no-wrap
msgid " .bz2\tfile compressed using B<bzip2>(1)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:101
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:100
#, no-wrap
msgid " .c\tC source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:102
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:101
#, no-wrap
msgid " .cat\tmessage catalog files\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:103
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:102
#, no-wrap
msgid " .cc\tC++ source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:104
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:103
#, no-wrap
msgid " .cf\tconfiguration file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:105
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:104
#, no-wrap
msgid " .cfg\tconfiguration file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:106
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:105
#, no-wrap
msgid " .cgi\tWWW content generating script or program\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:107
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:106
#, no-wrap
msgid " .cls\tLaTeX Class definition\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:108
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:107
#, no-wrap
msgid " .class\tJava compiled byte-code\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:109
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:108
#, no-wrap
msgid " .conf\tconfiguration file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:110
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:109
#, no-wrap
msgid " .config\tconfiguration file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:111
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:110
#, no-wrap
msgid " .cpp\tequivalent to I<.cc>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:112
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:111
#, no-wrap
msgid " .csh\tB<csh>(1) shell script\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:113
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:112
#, no-wrap
msgid " .cxx\tequivalent to I<.cc>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:114
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:113
#, no-wrap
msgid " .dat\tdata file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:115
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:114
#, no-wrap
msgid " .deb\tDebian software package\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:116
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:115
#, no-wrap
msgid " .def\tModula-2 source for definition modules\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:117
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:116
#, no-wrap
msgid " .def\tother definition files\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:118
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:117
#, no-wrap
msgid " .desc\tinitial part of mail message unpacked with\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:119
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:118
#, no-wrap
msgid "\tB<munpack>(1)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:120
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:119
#, no-wrap
msgid " .diff\tfile differences (B<diff>(1) command output)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:121
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:120
#, no-wrap
msgid " .dir\tdbm data base directory file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:122
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:121
#, no-wrap
msgid " .doc\tdocumentation file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:123
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:122
#, no-wrap
msgid " .dsc\tDebian Source Control (source package)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:124
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:123
#, no-wrap
msgid " .dtx\tLaTeX package source file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:125
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:124
#, no-wrap
msgid " .dvi\tTeX's device independent output\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:126
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:125
#, no-wrap
msgid " .el\tEmacs-Lisp source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:127
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:126
#, no-wrap
msgid " .elc\tcompiled Emacs-Lisp source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:128
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:127
#, no-wrap
msgid " .eps\tencapsulated PostScript\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:129
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:128
#, no-wrap
msgid " .exp\tExpect source code\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:130
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:129
#, no-wrap
msgid " .f\tFortran source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:131
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:130
#, no-wrap
msgid " .f77\tFortran 77 source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:132
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:131
#, no-wrap
msgid " .f90\tFortran 90 source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:133
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:132
#, no-wrap
msgid " .fas\tprecompiled Common-Lisp\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:134
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:133
#, no-wrap
msgid " .fi\tFortran include files\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:135
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:134
#, no-wrap
msgid " .fig\tFIG image file (used by B<xfig>(1))\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:136
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:135
#, no-wrap
msgid " .fmt\tTeX format file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:137
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:136
#, no-wrap
msgid " .gif\tCompuserve Graphics Image File format\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:138
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:137
#, no-wrap
msgid " .gmo\tGNU format message catalog\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:139
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:138
#, no-wrap
msgid " .gsf\tGhostscript fonts\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:140
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:139
#, no-wrap
msgid " .gz\tfile compressed using B<gzip>(1)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:141
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:140
#, no-wrap
msgid " .h\tC or C++ header files\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:142
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:141
#, no-wrap
msgid " .help\thelp file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:143
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:142
#, no-wrap
msgid " .hf\tequivalent to I<.help>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:144
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:143
#, no-wrap
msgid " .hlp\tequivalent to I<.help>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:145
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:144
#, no-wrap
msgid " .htm\tpoor man's I<.html>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:146
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:145
#, no-wrap
msgid " .html\tHTML document used with the World Wide Web\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:147
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:146
#, no-wrap
msgid " .hqx\t7-bit encoded Macintosh file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:148
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:147
#, no-wrap
msgid " .i\tC source after preprocessing\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:149
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:148
#, no-wrap
msgid " .icon\tbitmap source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:150
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:149
#, no-wrap
msgid " .idx\treference or datum-index file for hypertext\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:151
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:150
#, no-wrap
msgid "\tor database system\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:152
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:151
#, no-wrap
msgid " .image\tbitmap source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:153
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:152
#, no-wrap
msgid " .in\tconfiguration template, especially for GNU Autoconf\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:154
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:153
#, no-wrap
msgid " .info\tfiles for the Emacs info browser\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:155
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:154
#, no-wrap
msgid " .info-[0-9]+\tsplit info files\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:156
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:155
#, no-wrap
msgid " .ins\tLaTeX package install file for docstrip\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:157
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:156
#, no-wrap
msgid " .itcl\titcl source code;\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:158
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:157
#, no-wrap
msgid "\titcl ([incr Tcl]) is an OO extension of tcl\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:159
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:158
#, no-wrap
msgid " .java\ta Java source file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:160
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:159
#, no-wrap
msgid " .jpeg\tJoint Photographic Experts Group format\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:161
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:160
#, no-wrap
msgid " .jpg\tpoor man's I<.jpeg>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:162
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:161
#, no-wrap
msgid " .kmap\tB<lyx>(1) keymap\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:163
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:162
#, no-wrap
msgid " .l\tequivalent to I<.lex> or I<.lisp>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:164
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:163
#, no-wrap
msgid " .lex\tB<lex>(1) or B<flex>(1) files\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:165
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:164
#, no-wrap
msgid " .lha\tlharc archive\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:166
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:165
#, no-wrap
msgid " .lib\tCommon-Lisp library\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:167
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:166
#, no-wrap
msgid " .lisp\tLisp source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:168
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:167
#, no-wrap
msgid " .ln\tfiles for use with B<lint>(1)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:169
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:168
#, no-wrap
msgid " .log\tlog file, in particular produced by TeX\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:170
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:169
#, no-wrap
msgid " .lsm\tLinux Software Map entry\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:171
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:170
#, no-wrap
msgid " .lsp\tCommon-Lisp source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:172
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:171
#, no-wrap
msgid " .lzh\tlharc archive\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:173
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:172
#, no-wrap
msgid " .m\tObjective-C source code\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:174
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:173
#, no-wrap
msgid " .m4\tB<m4>(1) source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:175
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:174
#, no-wrap
msgid " .mac\tmacro files for various programs\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:176
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:175
#, no-wrap
msgid " .man\tmanual page (usually source rather than formatted)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:177
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:176
#, no-wrap
msgid " .map\tmap files for various programs\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:178
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:177
#, no-wrap
msgid " .me\tNroff source using the me macro package\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:179
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:178
#, no-wrap
msgid " .mf\tMetafont (font generator for TeX) source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:180
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:179
#, no-wrap
msgid " .mgp\tMagicPoint file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:181
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:180
#, no-wrap
msgid " .mm\tsources for B<groff>(1) in mm - format\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:182
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:181
#, no-wrap
msgid " .mo\tMessage catalog binary file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:183
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:182
#, no-wrap
msgid " .mod\tModula-2 source for implementation modules\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:184
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:183
#, no-wrap
msgid " .mov\t(quicktime) movie\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:185
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:184
#, no-wrap
msgid " .mp\tMetapost source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:186
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:185
#, no-wrap
msgid " .mp2\tMPEG Layer 2 (audio) file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:187
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:186
#, no-wrap
msgid " .mp3\tMPEG Layer 3 (audio) file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:188
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:187
#, no-wrap
msgid " .mpeg\tmovie file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:189
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:188
#, no-wrap
msgid " .o\tobject file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:190
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:189
#, no-wrap
msgid " .old\told or backup file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:191
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:190
#, no-wrap
msgid " .orig\tbackup (original) version of a file, from B<patch>(1)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:192
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:191
#, no-wrap
msgid " .out\toutput file, often executable program (a.out)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:193
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:192
#, no-wrap
msgid " .p\tPascal source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:194
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:193
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pag\tdbm data base data file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:195
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:194
#, no-wrap
msgid " .patch\tfile differences for B<patch>(1)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:196
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:195
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pbm\tportable bitmap format\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:197
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:196
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pcf\tX11 font files\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:198
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:197
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pdf\tAdobe Portable Data Format\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:199
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:198
#, no-wrap
msgid "\t(use Acrobat/B<acroread> or B<xpdf>)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:200
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:199
#, no-wrap
msgid " .perl\tPerl source (see .ph, .pl and .pm)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:201
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:200
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pfa\tPostScript font definition files, ASCII format\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:202
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:201
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pfb\tPostScript font definition files, binary format\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:203
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:202
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pgm\tportable greymap format\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:204
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:203
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pgp\tPGP binary data\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:205
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:204
#, no-wrap
msgid " .ph\tPerl header file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:206
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:205
#, no-wrap
msgid " .php\tPHP program file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:207
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:206
#, no-wrap
msgid " .php3\tPHP3 program file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:208
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:207
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pid\tFile to store daemon PID (e.g., crond.pid)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:209
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:208
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pl\tTeX property list file or Perl library file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:210
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:209
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pm\tPerl module\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:211
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:210
#, no-wrap
msgid " .png\tPortable Network Graphics file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:212
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:211
#, no-wrap
msgid " .po\tMessage catalog source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:213
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:212
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pod\tB<perldoc>(1) file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:214
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:213
#, no-wrap
msgid " .ppm\tportable pixmap format\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:215
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:214
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pr\tbitmap source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:216
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:215
#, no-wrap
msgid " .ps\tPostScript file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:217
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:216
#, no-wrap
msgid " .py\tPython source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:218
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:217
#, no-wrap
msgid " .pyc\tcompiled python\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:219
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:218
#, no-wrap
msgid " .qt\tquicktime movie\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:220
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:219
#, no-wrap
msgid " .r\tRATFOR source (obsolete)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:221
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:220
#, no-wrap
msgid " .rej\tpatches that B<patch>(1) couldn't apply\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:222
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:221
#, no-wrap
msgid " .rpm\tRPM software package\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:223
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:222
#, no-wrap
msgid " .rtf\tRich Text Format file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:224
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:223
#, no-wrap
msgid " .rules\trules for something\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:225
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:224
#, no-wrap
msgid " .s\tassembler source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:226
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:225
#, no-wrap
msgid " .sa\tstub libraries for a.out shared libraries\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:227
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:226
#, no-wrap
msgid " .sc\tB<sc>(1) spreadsheet commands\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:228
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:227
#, no-wrap
msgid " .scm\tScheme source code\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:229
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:228
#, no-wrap
msgid " .sed\tsed source file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:230
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:229
#, no-wrap
msgid " .sgml\tSGML source file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:231
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:230
#, no-wrap
msgid " .sh\tB<sh>(1) scripts\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:232
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:231
#, no-wrap
msgid " .shar\tarchive created by the B<shar>(1) utility\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:233
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:232
#, no-wrap
msgid " .so\tShared library or dynamically loadable object\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:234
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:233
#, no-wrap
msgid " .sql\tSQL source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:235
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:234
#, no-wrap
msgid " .sqml\tSQML schema or query program\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:236
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:235
#, no-wrap
msgid " .sty\tLaTeX style files\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:237
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:236
#, no-wrap
msgid " .sym\tModula-2 compiled definition modules\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:238
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:237
#, no-wrap
msgid " .tar\tarchive created by the B<tar>(1) utility\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:239
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:238
#, no-wrap
msgid " .tar.Z\ttar(1) archive compressed with B<compress>(1)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:240
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:239
#, no-wrap
msgid " .tar.bz2\ttar(1) archive compressed with B<bzip2>(1)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:241
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:240
#, no-wrap
msgid " .tar.gz\ttar(1) archive compressed with B<gzip>(1)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:242
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:241
#, no-wrap
msgid " .taz\ttar(1) archive compressed with B<compress>(1)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:243
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:242
#, no-wrap
msgid " .tcl\ttcl source code\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:244
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:243
#, no-wrap
msgid " .tex\tTeX or LaTeX source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:245
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:244
#, no-wrap
msgid " .texi\tequivalent to I<.texinfo>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:246
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:245
#, no-wrap
msgid " .texinfo\tTexinfo documentation source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:247
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:246
#, no-wrap
msgid " .text\ttext file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:248
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:247
#, no-wrap
msgid " .tfm\tTeX font metric file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:249
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:248
#, no-wrap
msgid " .tgz\ttar archive compressed with B<gzip>(1)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:250
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:249
#, no-wrap
msgid " .tif\tpoor man's I<.tiff>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:251
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:250
#, no-wrap
msgid " .tiff\tTagged Image File Format\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:252
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:251
#, no-wrap
msgid " .tk\ttcl/tk script\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:253
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:252
#, no-wrap
msgid " .tmp\ttemporary file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:254
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:253
#, no-wrap
msgid " .tmpl\ttemplate files\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:255
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:254
#, no-wrap
msgid " .txt\tequivalent to I<.text>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:256
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:255
#, no-wrap
msgid " .uu\tequivalent to I<.uue>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:257
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:256
#, no-wrap
msgid " .uue\tbinary file encoded with B<uuencode>(1)\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:258
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:257
#, no-wrap
msgid " .vf\tTeX virtual font file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:259
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:258
#, no-wrap
msgid " .vpl\tTeX virtual property list file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:260
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:259
#, no-wrap
msgid " .w\tSilvio Levi's CWEB\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:261
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:260
#, no-wrap
msgid " .wav\twave sound file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:262
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:261
#, no-wrap
msgid " .web\tDonald Knuth's WEB\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:263
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:262
#, no-wrap
msgid " .wml\tSource file for Web Meta Language\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:264
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:263
#, no-wrap
msgid " .xbm\tX11 bitmap source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:265
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:264
#, no-wrap
msgid " .xcf\tGIMP graphic\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:266
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:265
#, no-wrap
msgid " .xml\teXtended Markup Language file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:267
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:266
#, no-wrap
msgid " .xpm\tX11 pixmap source\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:268
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:267
#, no-wrap
msgid " .xs\tPerl xsub file produced by h2xs\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:269
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:268
#, no-wrap
msgid " .xsl\tXSL stylesheet\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:270
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:269
#, no-wrap
msgid " .y\tB<yacc>(1) or B<bison>(1) (parser generator) files\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:271
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:270
#, no-wrap
msgid " .z\tFile compressed using B<pack>(1) (or an old B<gzip>(1))\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:272
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:271
#, no-wrap
msgid " .zip\tB<zip>(1) archive\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:273
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:272
#, no-wrap
msgid " .zoo\tB<zoo>(1) archive\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:274
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:273
#, no-wrap
msgid " ~\tEmacs or B<patch>(1) backup file\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: tbl table
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:275
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:274
#, no-wrap
msgid " rc\tstartup (`run control') file, e.g., I<.newsrc>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:279
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:278
msgid "General UNIX conventions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:281
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:280
msgid "This list is not exhaustive."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:284
+#: build/C/man7/suffixes.7:283
msgid "B<file>(1), B<make>(1)"
msgstr ""
#: build/C/man7/units.7:116
msgid ""
"The situation was messy: in the 14k4 modems, k=1000; in the 1.44MB "
-"diskettes, M=1024000; etc. In 1998 the IEC approved the standard that "
+"diskettes, M=1024000; and so on. In 1998 the IEC approved the standard that "
"defines the binary prefixes given above, enabling people to be precise and "
"unambiguous."
msgstr ""
"special in that their argument lists are E<.Em parsed> for callable macro "
"names. This means an argument on the argument list which matches a general "
"text or manual domain macro name and is determined to be callable will be "
-"executed or called when it is processed. In this case the argument, "
+"executed or called when it is processed. In this case, the argument, "
"although the name of a macro, is not preceded by a E<.Ql \\&.> (dot). It is "
"in this manner that many macros are nested; for example the option macro, "
"E<.Ql \\&.Op>, may E<.Em call> the flag and argument macros, E<.Ql \\&Fl> "
"The first items in the template are the macros E<.Pq Li \\&.Dd , \\&.Os , "
"\\&.Dt>; the document date, the operating system the man page or subject "
"source is developed or modified for, and the man page title E<.Pq Em in "
-"upper case> along with the section of the manual the page belongs in. These "
+"uppercase> along with the section of the manual the page belongs in. These "
"macros identify the page, and are discussed below in E<.Sx TITLE MACROS>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:891
msgid ""
-"If E<.Ql \\&.Ar> is called without arguments E<.Ql \\&Ar> is assumed. The "
+"If E<.Ql \\&.Ar> is called without arguments, E<.Ql \\&Ar> is assumed. The "
"E<.Ql \\&.Ar> macro is parsed and is callable."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:1683
msgid ""
-"The trade name macro is generally a small caps macro for all upper case "
-"words longer than two characters."
+"The trade name macro is generally a small caps macro for all uppercase words "
+"longer than two characters."
msgstr ""
#. type: Dl
"E<.Ql \\&Ar>, E<lt>lower_caseE<gt>E<lt>upper_caseE<gt> as E<.Ql \\&aR> or "
"E<lt>upper or lower letterE<gt>E<lt>digitE<gt> as E<.Ql \\&C\\&1>. And "
"adding to the muddle, E<.Xr troff> has its own internal registers all of "
-"which are either two lower case characters or a dot plus a letter or "
+"which are either two lowercase characters or a dot plus a letter or "
"metacharacter character. In one of the introduction examples, it was shown "
"how to prevent the interpretation of a macro name with the escape sequence "
"E<.Ql \\e&>. This is sufficient for the internal register names also."
#. type: Plain text
#: build/C/man7/mdoc.samples.7:2764
msgid ""
-"If a nonescaped register name is given in the argument list of a request "
+"If a nonescaped register name is given in the argument list of a request, "
"unpredictable behavior will occur. In general, any time huge portions of "
"text do not appear where expected in the output, or small strings such as "
"list tags disappear, chances are there is a misunderstanding about an "
msgid ""
"The first line of information tells the name of the calling macro, here "
"E<.Ql \\&.Op>, and the line number it appears on. If one or more files are "
-"involved (especially if text from another file is included) the line number "
+"involved (especially if text from another file is included), the line number "
"may be bogus. If there is only one file, it should be accurate. The second "
"line gives the argument count, the argument E<.Pq Ql \\&Fl> and its length. "
"If the length of an argument is two characters, the argument is tested to "
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