dm cache: fix a lock-inversion

dm cache: fix a lock-inversion

When suspending a cache the policy is walked and the individual policy
hints written to the metadata via sync_metadata().  This led to this
lock order:

      policy->lock
        cache_metadata->root_lock

When loading the cache target the policy is populated while the metadata
lock is held:

      cache_metadata->root_lock
         policy->lock

Fix this potential lock-inversion (ABBA) deadlock in sync_metadata() by
ensuring the cache_metadata root_lock is held whilst all the hints are
written, rather than being repeatedly locked while policy->lock is held
(as was the case with each callout that policy_walk_mappings() made to
the old save_hint() method).

Found by turning on the CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING ("Lock debugging: prove
locking correctness") build option.  However, it is not clear how the
LOCKDEP reported paths can lead to a deadlock since the two paths,
suspending a target and loading a target, never occur at the same time.
But that doesn't mean the same lock-inversion couldn't have occurred
elsewhere.

Reported-by: Marian Csontos <mcsontos@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Joe Thornber <ejt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org