[stack-protection] Add support for MSVC buffer security check

[stack-protection] Add support for MSVC buffer security check

Summary:
This patch is adding support for the MSVC buffer security check implementation

The buffer security check is turned on with the '/GS' compiler switch.
  * https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/8dbf701c.aspx
  * To be added to clang here: http://reviews.llvm.org/D20347

Some overview of buffer security check feature and implementation:
  * https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa290051(VS.71).aspx
  * http://www.ksyash.com/2011/01/buffer-overflow-protection-3/
  * http://blog.osom.info/2012/02/understanding-vs-c-compilers-buffer.html

For the following example:
```
int example(int offset, int index) {
  char buffer[10];
  memset(buffer, 0xCC, index);
  return buffer[index];
}
```

The MSVC compiler is adding these instructions to perform stack integrity check:
```
        push        ebp
        mov         ebp,esp
        sub         esp,50h
  [1]   mov         eax,dword ptr [__security_cookie (01068024h)]
  [2]   xor         eax,ebp
  [3]   mov         dword ptr [ebp-4],eax
        push        ebx
        push        esi
        push        edi
        mov         eax,dword ptr [index]
        push        eax
        push        0CCh
        lea         ecx,[buffer]
        push        ecx
        call        _memset (010610B9h)
        add         esp,0Ch
        mov         eax,dword ptr [index]
        movsx       eax,byte ptr buffer[eax]
        pop         edi
        pop         esi
        pop         ebx
  [4]   mov         ecx,dword ptr [ebp-4]
  [5]   xor         ecx,ebp
  [6]   call        @__security_check_cookie@4 (01061276h)
        mov         esp,ebp
        pop         ebp
        ret
```

The instrumentation above is:
  * [1] is loading the global security canary,
  * [3] is storing the local computed ([2]) canary to the guard slot,
  * [4] is loading the guard slot and ([5]) re-compute the global canary,
  * [6] is validating the resulting canary with the '__security_check_cookie' and performs error handling.

Overview of the current stack-protection implementation:
  * lib/CodeGen/StackProtector.cpp
    * There is a default stack-protection implementation applied on intermediate representation.
    * The target can overload 'getIRStackGuard' method if it has a standard location for the stack protector cookie.
    * An intrinsic 'Intrinsic::stackprotector' is added to the prologue. It will be expanded by the instruction selection pass (DAG or Fast).
    * Basic Blocks are added to every instrumented function to receive the code for handling stack guard validation and errors handling.
    * Guard manipulation and comparison are added directly to the intermediate representation.

  * lib/CodeGen/SelectionDAG/SelectionDAGISel.cpp
  * lib/CodeGen/SelectionDAG/SelectionDAGBuilder.cpp
    * There is an implementation that adds instrumentation during instruction selection (for better handling of sibbling calls).
      * see long comment above 'class StackProtectorDescriptor' declaration.
    * The target needs to override 'getSDagStackGuard' to activate SDAG stack protection generation. (note: getIRStackGuard MUST be nullptr).
      * 'getSDagStackGuard' returns the appropriate stack guard (security cookie)
    * The code is generated by 'SelectionDAGBuilder.cpp' and 'SelectionDAGISel.cpp'.

  * include/llvm/Target/TargetLowering.h
    * Contains function to retrieve the default Guard 'Value'; should be overriden by each target to select which implementation is used and provide Guard 'Value'.

  * lib/Target/X86/X86ISelLowering.cpp
    * Contains the x86 specialisation; Guard 'Value' used by the SelectionDAG algorithm.

Function-based Instrumentation:
  * The MSVC doesn't inline the stack guard comparison in every function. Instead, a call to '__security_check_cookie' is added to the epilogue before every return instructions.
  * To support function-based instrumentation, this patch is
    * adding a function to get the function-based check (llvm 'Value', see include/llvm/Target/TargetLowering.h),
      * If provided, the stack protection instrumentation won't be inlined and a call to that function will be added to the prologue.
    * modifying (SelectionDAGISel.cpp) do avoid producing basic blocks used for inline instrumentation,
    * generating the function-based instrumentation during the ISEL pass (SelectionDAGBuilder.cpp),
    * if FastISEL (not SelectionDAG), using the fallback which rely on the same function-based implemented over intermediate representation (StackProtector.cpp).

Modifications
  * adding support for MSVC (lib/Target/X86/X86ISelLowering.cpp)
  * adding support function-based instrumentation (lib/CodeGen/SelectionDAG/SelectionDAGBuilder.cpp, .h)

Results

  * IR generated instrumentation:
```
clang-cl /GS test.cc /Od /c -mllvm -print-isel-input
```

```
*** Final LLVM Code input to ISel ***

; Function Attrs: nounwind sspstrong
define i32 @"\01?example@@YAHHH@Z"(i32 %offset, i32 %index) #0 {
entry:
  %StackGuardSlot = alloca i8*                                                  <<<-- Allocated guard slot
  %0 = call i8* @llvm.stackguard()                                              <<<-- Loading Stack Guard value
  call void @llvm.stackprotector(i8* %0, i8** %StackGuardSlot)                  <<<-- Prologue intrinsic call (store to Guard slot)
  %index.addr = alloca i32, align 4
  %offset.addr = alloca i32, align 4
  %buffer = alloca [10 x i8], align 1
  store i32 %index, i32* %index.addr, align 4
  store i32 %offset, i32* %offset.addr, align 4
  %arraydecay = getelementptr inbounds [10 x i8], [10 x i8]* %buffer, i32 0, i32 0
  %1 = load i32, i32* %index.addr, align 4
  call void @llvm.memset.p0i8.i32(i8* %arraydecay, i8 -52, i32 %1, i32 1, i1 false)
  %2 = load i32, i32* %index.addr, align 4
  %arrayidx = getelementptr inbounds [10 x i8], [10 x i8]* %buffer, i32 0, i32 %2
  %3 = load i8, i8* %arrayidx, align 1
  %conv = sext i8 %3 to i32
  %4 = load volatile i8*, i8** %StackGuardSlot                                  <<<-- Loading Guard slot
  call void @__security_check_cookie(i8* %4)                                    <<<-- Epilogue function-based check
  ret i32 %conv
}
```

  * SelectionDAG generated instrumentation:

```
clang-cl /GS test.cc /O1 /c /FA
```

```
"?example@@YAHHH@Z":                    # @"\01?example@@YAHHH@Z"
# BB#0:                                 # %entry
        pushl   %esi
        subl    $16, %esp
        movl    ___security_cookie, %eax                                        <<<-- Loading Stack Guard value
        movl    28(%esp), %esi
        movl    %eax, 12(%esp)                                                  <<<-- Store to Guard slot
        leal    2(%esp), %eax
        pushl   %esi
        pushl   $204
        pushl   %eax
        calll   _memset
        addl    $12, %esp
        movsbl  2(%esp,%esi), %esi
        movl    12(%esp), %ecx                                                  <<<-- Loading Guard slot
        calll   @__security_check_cookie@4                                      <<<-- Epilogue function-based check
        movl    %esi, %eax
        addl    $16, %esp
        popl    %esi
        retl
```

Reviewers: kcc, pcc, eugenis, rnk

Subscribers: majnemer, llvm-commits, hans, thakis, rnk

Differential Revision: http://reviews.llvm.org/D20346

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@272053 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8